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LIU H, LIU X, XIE J, CHEN S. Structure, function and mechanism of edible fungus polysaccharides in human beings chronic diseases. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.111022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan LIU
- Guizhou Medical University, China; Guizhou Medical University, China
| | | | - Jiao XIE
- Guizhou Medical University, China; Guizhou Medical University, China
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Xu Y, Ye Y, Sun X. Memory enhancement of the new tryptamine-like components in the walnut kernel. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Hou JY, Xu H, Cao GZ, Tian LL, Wang LH, Zhu NQ, Zhang JJ, Yang HJ. Multi-omics reveals Dengzhan Shengmai formulation ameliorates cognitive impairments in D-galactose-induced aging mouse model by regulating CXCL12/CXCR4 and gut microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1175970. [PMID: 37101548 PMCID: PMC10123283 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1175970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengzhan Shengmai (DZSM), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, has been administered extensively to elderly individuals with cognitive impairment (CI). However, the underlying mechanisms by which Dengzhan Shengmai improves cognitive impairment remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the effect of Dengzhan Shengmai on aging-associated cognitive impairment via a comprehensive combination of transcriptomics and microbiota assessment. Dengzhan Shengmai was orally administered to a D-galactose-induced aging mouse model, and evaluation with an open field task (OFT), Morris water maze (MWM), and histopathological staining was performed. Transcriptomics and 16S rDNA sequencing were applied to elucidate the mechanism of Dengzhan Shengmai in alleviating cognitive deficits, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunofluorescence were employed to verify the results. The results first confirmed the therapeutic effects of Dengzhan Shengmai against cognitive defects; specifically, Dengzhan Shengmai improved learning and impairment, suppressed neuro loss, and increased Nissl body morphology repair. Comprehensive integrated transcriptomics and microbiota analysis indicated that chemokine CXC motif receptor 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) were targets for improving cognitive impairments with Dengzhan Shengmai and also indirectly suppressed the intestinal flora composition. Furthermore, in vivo results confirmed that Dengzhan Shengmai suppressed the expression of CXC motif receptor 4, CXC chemokine ligand 12, and inflammatory cytokines. This suggested that Dengzhan Shengmai inhibited CXC chemokine ligand 12/CXC motif receptor 4 expression and modulated intestinal microbiome composition by influencing inflammatory factors. Thus, Dengzhan Shengmai improves aging-related cognitive impairment effects via decreased CXC chemokine ligand 12/CXC motif receptor 4 and inflammatory factor modulation to improve gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Robot Intelligent Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and MEGAROBO, Beijing, China
- Postdoctoral Mobile Research Station of China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Zhao Cao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang-Liang Tian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Han Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Robot Intelligent Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and MEGAROBO, Beijing, China
- Postdoctoral Mobile Research Station of China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nai-Qiang Zhu
- Postdoctoral Mobile Research Station of China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing-Jing Zhang, ; Hong-Jun Yang,
| | - Hong-Jun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Robot Intelligent Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and MEGAROBO, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing-Jing Zhang, ; Hong-Jun Yang,
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Wei W, Pei H, Ma LN, Zheng R, Huang QY, Chang SR, Cao Y, Li H. Comparison of Yizhiqingxin formula extraction methods and their pharmacodynamic differences. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1097859. [PMID: 36875667 PMCID: PMC9978475 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1097859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study compared different extraction methods of Yizhiqingxin formula (YQF) and its neuroprotective effects based on pharmacodynamic indices such as learning and memory ability, brain tissue histopathology and morphology, and inflammatory factor expression in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods The pharmaceutical components of YQF were extracted using three extraction processes, and the components were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Donepezil hydrochloride was used as a positive control drug. Fifty 7-8-month-old 3 × Tg AD mice were randomly divided into three YQF groups (YQF-1, YQF-2, and YQF-3), a donepezil group, and a model group. Ten age-matched C57/BL6 mice were used as normal controls. YQF and Donepezil were administered by gavage at a clinically equivalent dose of 2.6 and 1.3 mg⋅kg-1⋅d-1, respectively, with a gavage volume of 0.1 ml/10 g. Control and model groups received equal volumes of distilled water by gavage. After 2 months, the efficacy was evaluated using behavioral experiments, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and serum assays. Results The main components in YQF are ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, epiberberine, coptisine chloride, palmatine, berberine, and ferulic acid. YQF-3 (alcohol extraction) has the highest content of active compounds, followed by YQF-2 (water extraction and alcohol precipitation method). Compared to the model group, the three YQF groups showed alleviated histopathological changes and improved spatial learning and memory, with the effect in YQF-2 being the most significant. YQF showed protection of hippocampal neurons, most significantly in the YQF-1 group. YQF significantly reduced Aβ pathology and tau hyperphosphorylation, decreased expressions of serum pro-inflammatory factors interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 as well as serum chemokines MCP-1 and MIG. Conclusion YQF prepared by three different processes showed differences in pharmacodynamics in an AD mouse model. YQF-2 was significantly better than the other extraction processes in improving memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pei
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Na Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao-Yi Huang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Rui Chang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Shen ZJ, Fu YB, Hou JL, Lin LN, Wang XY, Li CY, Yang YX. Integrating network pharmacology, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and molecular docking to investigate the effect and mechanism of Chuanxiong Renshen decoction against Alzheimer's disease. Chin Med 2022; 17:143. [PMID: 36566207 PMCID: PMC9789652 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Chuanxiong Renshen decoction (CRD) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the effects and active ingredients of CRD and its mechanism have not been clarified. We aimed to determine the neuroprotective effects of CRD in a triple-transgenic mouse model of AD (3 × Tg-AD) and investigate the possible active ingredients and their mechanisms. METHODS Morris water maze (MWM) tests were used to determine the protective effect of CRD on learning and memory ability. Afterward, we used brain tissue staining, immunofluorescent staining and western blotting to detect the neuroprotective effects of CRD. Ultraperformance liquid-chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was applied to determine the ingredients of CRD, and the potential AD targets were obtained from DisGeNET and the GeneCards database. The protein‒protein interaction (PPI) network was built with the additional use of STRING 11.0. Metascape was used in the pathway enrichment analysis. Discovery Studio 2016 (DS) software was used to analyze the binding ability of CRD and AD-related genes. Finally, we verified the regulatory effect of CRD on the predicted core targets EGFR and CASP3 by western blotting. RESULTS Our study indicated that CRD can significantly improve learning and memory, reduce the expression of Aβ and protect neurons. A total of 95 ingredients were identified in the CRD. Then, 25 ingredients were identified in serum, and 5 ingredients were identified in the brain tissue homogenate. PPI network analysis identified CASP3, EGFR, APP, CNR1, HIF1A, PTGS2 and MTOR as hub targets. KEGG and GO analyses revealed that the TNF signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway were enriched in multiple targets. The results of molecular docking proved that the binding of the ingredients with potential key targets was excellent. The western blotting results showed that CRD could significantly reduce the expression of CASP3 and EGFR in the hippocampus of 3 × Tg-AD mice. Combined with literature analysis, we assumed the neuroprotective effect of CRD on AD may occur through regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION CRD significantly alleviated injury in 3 × Tg-AD mice. The possible active ingredients are ferulic acid, rutin, ginsenoside Rg1 and panaxydol. The therapeutic effect of CRD on AD is achieved through the downregulation of CASP3 and EGFR. The neuroprotective effect of CRD on AD may occur through regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Jun Shen
- grid.506977.a0000 0004 1757 7957School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Bo Fu
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Ling Hou
- grid.506977.a0000 0004 1757 7957School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Ning Lin
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yan Wang
- grid.506977.a0000 0004 1757 7957School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Yu Li
- grid.268505.c0000 0000 8744 8924Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xiao Yang
- grid.506977.a0000 0004 1757 7957School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Wang K, Yang R, Chen TT, Qin MR, Wang P, Kong MW. Therapeutic Mechanism of Kai Xin San on Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 29:413-423. [PMID: 36474082 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the specific pharmacological molecular mechanisms of Kai Xin San (KXS) on treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. METHODS The chemical compounds of KXS and their corresponding targets were screened using the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ETCM) database. AD-related target proteins were obtained from MalaCards database and DisGeNET databases. Key compounds and targets were identified from the compound-target-disease network and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Functional enrichment analysis predicted the potential key signaling pathways involved in the treatment of AD with KXS. The binding affinities between key ingredients and targets were further verified using molecular docking. Finally, the predicted key signaling pathway was validated experimentally. Positioning navigation and space search experiments were conducted to evaluate the cognitive improvement effect of KXS on AD rats. Western blot was used to further examine and investigate the expression of the key target proteins related to the predicted pathway. RESULTS In total, 38 active compounds and 469 corresponding targets of KXS were screened, and 264 target proteins associated with AD were identified. The compound-target-disease and PPI networks identified key active ingredients and protein targets. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis suggested a potential effect of KXS in the treatment of AD via the amyloid beta (A β)-glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3 β)-Tau pathway. Molecular docking revealed a high binding affinity between the key ingredients and targets. In vivo, KXS treatment significantly improved cognitive deficits in AD rats induced by Aβ1-42, decreased the levels of Aβ, p-GSK3β, p-Tau and cyclin-dependent kinase 5, and increased the expressions of protein phosphatase 1 alpha (PP1A) and PP2A (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION KXS exerted neuroprotective effects by regulating the Aβ -GSK3β-Tau signaling pathway, which provides novel insights into the therapeutic mechanism of KXS and a feasible pharmacological strategy for the treatment of AD.
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You M, Yuan P, Li L, Xu H. HIF-1 signalling pathway was identified as a potential new pathway for Icariin's treatment against Alzheimer's disease based on preclinical evidence and bioinformatics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1066819. [PMID: 36532735 PMCID: PMC9751333 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1066819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that is characterized by the gradual loss of memory and cognitive function. Icariin, which is a natural chemical isolated from Epimedii herba, has been shown to protect against AD. This research examined the potential mechanisms of Icariin's treatment against AD via a comprehensive review of relevant preclinical studies coupled with network pharmacology. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, WANFANG, and VIP databases were used to identify the relevant studies. The pharmacological characteristics of Icariin were determined using the SwissADME and TCMSP databases. The overlapping targets of Icariin and AD were then utilized to conduct disease oncology (DO) analysis to identify possible hub targets of Icariin in the treatment of AD. The hub targets were then used for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, and the interactions of the targets and Icariin were assessed via molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). Results: According to the literature review, Icariin alleviates cognitive impairment by regulating the expression of Aβ1-42, Aβ1-40, BACE1, tau, hyperphosphorylated tau, and inflammatory mediators. DO analysis revealed 35 AD-related hub targets, and the HIF-1 signalling pathway was ranked first according to the KEGG pathway analysis. Icariin effectively docked with the 35 hub targets and HIF-1α, and the dynamic binding of the HIF-1-Icariin complex within 100 ns indicated that Icariin contributed to the stability of HIF-1α. Conclusion: In conclusion, our research used a literature review and network pharmacology methods to identify the HIF-1 signalling pathway as a potential pathway for Icariin's treatment against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hongbei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Zhao N, Jiang R, Cheng J, Xiao Q. Effects of gastrodin on the expression of brain aging-related genes in SAM/P-8 mice based on network pharmacology. IBRAIN 2022; 9:157-170. [PMID: 37786545 PMCID: PMC10529193 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Gastrodin can reduce neuronal damage through multiple targets and pathways, and can be useful in preventing and treating degenerative lesions of the central nervous system, but the specific mechanism has not been elucidated. Methods The aging-related genes in the hippocampus and the frontal cortex were detected in adult and aged mice treated with gastrodin or not. In addition, we collected the target genes of gastrodin and aging from a network database, and a Venn diagram was created to obtain the intersection target genes of gastrodin and aging. Then, the String database was used to analyze the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between aging-related genes and the target genes of gastrodin and aging. The "drug-disease-target-pathway" network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software, and the main mechanism and pathway of key genes were analyzed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO). Finally, the reliability of these key genes was further verified by molecular docking technology. Results The results showed that 6 out of 10 genes related to brain aging were differentially expressed after gastrodin intervention. Moreover, there were 11 key genes between gastrodin and differentially expressed genes related to brain aging. GO and KEGG results suggested that material metabolism and carbohydrate digestion and absorption were associated with the pathological mechanism of gastrodin antiaging. Molecular docking results also confirmed the good binding activity of gastrodin to the key genes. Conclusion Gastrodin plays a potential role in antiaging by regulating substance metabolism and carbohydrate digestion and absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia, Hospital of StomatologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of AnesthesiaAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Jun‐Jie Cheng
- Department of AnesthesiaAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Qiu‐Xia Xiao
- Department of AnesthesiologyNanchong Central HospitalSichuanChina
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
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Li Q, Jia C, Wu H, Liao Y, Yang K, Li S, Zhang J, Wang J, Li G, Guan F, Leung E, Yuan Z, Hua Q, Pan RY. Nao Tan Qing ameliorates Alzheimer's disease-like pathology by regulating glycolipid metabolism and neuroinflammation: A network pharmacology analysis and biological validation. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Higher Total Cholesterol Concentration May Be Associated with Better Cognitive Performance among Elderly Females. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194198. [PMID: 36235850 PMCID: PMC9571708 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain contains the highest level of cholesterol in the body, and the total amount of serum cholesterol in the blood has a huge impact on brain aging and cognitive performance. However, the association of total serum cholesterol with cognitive function remains uncertain. This study determines whether there is an association between the total amount of cholesterol in the blood and cognitive performance in elderly females without a history of stroke. METHODS This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on elderly (over 60 years old) females and males without a history of stroke from 2011 to 2014 in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The primary exposure was total blood cholesterol, and the main outcome was cognitive performance; this association was assessed with logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines. RESULTS 1309 female and 1272 male participants were included. In females, higher total cholesterol was significantly associated with higher cognitive scores, particularly in the digit symbol substitution test (OR 0.51, 95% CI (0.36-0.72)) and the animal fluency test (OR 0.64, 95% CI (0.45-0.91)). This association remained significant in models adjusted for age, race, smoking status, education level, and chronic conditions (OR 0.40, 95% CI (0.25-0.63)). This association was not significant in males, however. CONCLUSIONS A higher concentration of total cholesterol measured in later life may be a protective factor for cognitive performance among females over 60 years old without a history of stroke. Further, this association was more pronounced among women with higher levels of education than women with lower or no education.
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Ren H, Gao S, Wang S, Wang J, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. Effects of Dangshen Yuanzhi Powder on learning ability and gut microflora in rats with memory disorder. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115410. [PMID: 35640741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yuanzhi Powder is a commonly used traditional Chinese medical formulae for its potency in enhancing memory and learning. In clinical practice, Yuanzhi Powder is a classic formula in TCM to treat amnesia of the type "deficiency of Qi, turbid phlegm harasses the head and eyes, and stagnation of phlegm converting into the fire". Our previous study showed that Yuanzhi Power, used together with Codonopsis Radix (Dangshen Yuanzhi Power, DYP), could improve learning and memory ability in animals with memory disorder (MD) and its efficacy is superior or equivalent to that of the Yuanzhi Power. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of DYP through the "bacteria-gut-brain axis". MATERIALS AND METHODS The SD rats were divided randomly into control, model, positive, DYP-L, and DYP-H groups. Except for the control group, the rats were intraperitoneally injected with D-Gal (400 mg/kg) and gavaged with aluminum chloride (200 mg/kg) every day for 50 days. The rats in the DYP group were gavaged with DYP (6.67 and 13.34 g/kg, respectively) from the 15th day, once a day. The rats in the positive group were similarly administrated with piracetam (0.5 g/kg). The rats' bodyweight was recorded from the 16th day. The learning and memory ability of animals was tested by Morris water maze. The levels of MCP-1, NF-L, NSE, and TNF-α in serum were determined by Elisa kit, while the histopathology of duodenum and colon tissues was examined by H & E staining. The diversity of intestinal flora was sequenced and analyzed. In order to reveal the role of intestinal flora in DYP treatment of MD, the intestinal flora composition and the correlation analysis of intestinal flora and the above biochemical indexes were investigated. The intestinal flora function and biological metabolic pathways were predicted and analyzed by the KEGG database. RESULTS The MD animals' learning and spatial memory ability decreased significantly, compared with the normal group, accompanied by weight increase and intestinal flora disorder. DYP can improve the learning and memory ability of MD animals, and its efficacy may exert through the following ways: (i) callback the abnormal biochemical indexes of MCP-1, NF-L, NSE, and TNF-α; (ii) decreasing the relative ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and repairing the pathology of MD animal intestinal mucosa; and (iii) the regulation of DYP on biochemical blood indexes of MD animals was significantly correlated with the regulation of intestinal flora; (iv) DYP rats showed a strong correlation between cognitive ability improvement and bodyweight loss; (v) besides, DYP could also regulate the metabolic pathways of carbohydrate, amino acid, nucleotide, and energy by affecting related biological functions. CONCLUSIONS The results supported that DYP can improve MD animals' learning and memory ability by restoring the intestinal flora disorder and callback the abnormal biochemical indexes in serum, closely related to the "bacteria-gut-brain axis".
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Ren
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Shouqin Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Shihui Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Yangang Cheng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 121 Daxue Road, Yuci District, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
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Abd Elrahim Abd Elkader HT, Essawy AE, Al-Shami AS. Astragalus species: Phytochemistry, biological actions and molecular mechanisms underlying their potential neuroprotective effects on neurological diseases. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 202:113293. [PMID: 35780924 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses are prevalent and life-threatening disorders characterized by a wide range of clinical syndromes and comorbidities, all of which have complex origins and share common molecular pathomechanisms. Although the pathophysiology of neurological illnesses is not completely understood, researchers have discovered that several ion channels and signalling pathways may have played a role in disease pathogenesis. Active substances from Astragalus sp. are being employed for nutrition, and their usefulness in the treatment of neurological illnesses is receiving more attention. Because their extracts and active components exert different pharmacological effects on a variety of ailments, they have a long history of usage as a cure for various diseases. This review summarizes the research work on Astragalus and their biologically active constituents as potential candidates for the protection against and treatment of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders to show the potential efficacy of Astragalus sp. and its active ingredients in treating some neurological diseases. Simultaneously, the chemical structures of these active compounds, their sources, biological properties, and mechanisms are also listed. In ethnopharmacological applications, Astragalus membranaceus and spinosus have been studied as traditional medicines worldwide. The chemical constituents of Astragalus species mainly comprise terpenoids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. The extracts and phytochemical compounds of Astragalus species exhibit various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antitumor, anticonvulsive, immunomodulatory, and other activities. Based on the current literature, we conclude that Astragalus is a promising dietary herb with multiple potential signal modulating applications that mainly include the modulation of neurotransmitters and receptors, anti-inflammatory activities, inhibition of amyloid aggregation, induction of myelin sheath repair and neurogenesis, as well as activation of the signalling pathways relevant to neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amina E Essawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Al-Shami
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Biotechnology Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Luo M, Hu Z, Zhong Z, Liu L, Lin C, He Q. Chemical Structures and Pharmacological Properties of Typical Bioflavonoids in Polygonati Rhizoma (PGR). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:4649614. [PMID: 36570783 PMCID: PMC9788903 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4649614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Most medicines are coming with toxic and detrimental side effects. In addition, microbials are resisting the medicine. Therefore, alternative drugs with low toxic and side effects and low microbial resistance are needed. Plants offer good potential candidates due to a broad range of chemicals they contain. These chemicals have been studied, and research is still going on to probe chemical properties of plant chemicals. In China, traditional Chinese medicine is practised, whereby plant extracts are obtained, and then sold in packages for reasons like memory enhancement, cancer treatment, boosting immune system, and so on. Among the herbs cultivated in China is Polygonati rhizoma (PGR). This plant contains various bioflavonoids such as diosgenin, kaempferol, catechin, daidzein, and 3'-methoxydaidzein. In this review, we discussed the pharmacological effects of these chemicals, including luteolin antimicrobial activity in a manner that it circumvents antibiotic resistance; rutin antivenom property; kaempferol as an agent that mitigates neuropathic pain; genistein anticancer property; isorhamnetin's ability to alleviate chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD); proanthocyanidins' ability to deal with diabetic neuropathy and analgesic property of catechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Health Care, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000 Hunan Province, China
- Institute of 5G Health Management with Synergy of Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000 Hunan Province, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410011 Hunan Province, China
| | - Zongren Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Health Care, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000 Hunan Province, China
- Institute of 5G Health Management with Synergy of Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000 Hunan Province, China
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province, China
| | - Zixuan Zhong
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province, China
| | - Lumei Liu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province, China
| | - Chengxiong Lin
- Huairen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaihua, 418099 Hunan Province, China
| | - Qinghu He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Health Care, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000 Hunan Province, China
- Institute of 5G Health Management with Synergy of Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000 Hunan Province, China
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Changsha, 410208 Hunan Province, China
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64
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Wang F, Chen H, Hu Y, Chen L, Liu Y. Integrated comparative metabolomics and network pharmacology approach to uncover the key active ingredients of Polygonati rhizoma and their therapeutic potential for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:934947. [PMID: 35991900 PMCID: PMC9385993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has become a worldwide disease affecting human health and resulting in a heavy economic burden on the healthcare system. Polygonati rhizoma (PR), a kind of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is known to improve learning and memory abilities. However, its AD-treating material basis and therapeutic potential for the treatment of AD have remained unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to uncover the key active ingredients of PR and its therapeutic potential for the treatment of AD. First, we used comparative metabolomics to identify the potential key active ingredients in the edible and medicinal PR. Second, network pharmacology was used to decipher the effects and potential targets of key active ingredients in the PR for the treatment of AD, and molecular docking was further used to identify the binding ability of those active ingredients with AD-related target of AChE. The rate of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, oxidative stress, neuroprotective effects, and anti-inflammatory activity were assessed in vitro to screen the potential active ingredients in the PR with therapeutic potential against AD. Finally, APPswe/PS1dE9 AD mice were used to screen the therapeutic components in the PR. Seven overlapping upregulated differential metabolites were identified as the key active ingredients, among which cafestol, isorhamnetin, and rutin have AChE inhibitory activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and neuroprotective effects in vitro validation assays. Furthermore, in vivo results showed that cafestol, isorhamnetin, and rutin displayed several beneficial effects in AD transgenic mice by reducing the number of Aβ-positive spots and the levels of inflammatory cytokines, inhibiting the AChE activity, and increasing the antioxidant levels. Each compound is involved in a different function in the early stages of AD. In conclusion, our results corroborate the current understanding of the therapeutic effects of PR on AD. In addition, our work demonstrated that the proposed network pharmacology-integrated comparative metabolomics strategy is a powerful way of identifying key active ingredients and mechanisms contributing to the pharmacological effects of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lin Chen
- *Correspondence: Lin Chen, ; Youping Liu,
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Zhang X, Lin L, Li H, Xia W, Liu Q, Zhou X, Dong L, Fu X. Update on new trend and progress of the mechanism of polysaccharides in the intervention of Alzheimer's disease, based on the new understanding of relevant theories: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:720-738. [PMID: 35902016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease with insidious onset and progressive progression, is the main type of dementia. Currently, there is no specific cure for the disease. At the same time, a series of drug developments based on the classic theory, the Aβ cascade hypothesis, have not completed phase III clinical trials, challenging the hypothesis. Polysaccharides obtained from natural products can be used in the treatment of AD, which has attracted academic attention due to its advantages of multi-target, multi-channel, no or modest side effects. The TCM syndrome type of AD is mainly "qi and blood deficiency, kidney essence deficiency", and the medicine is mainly used to replenish qi and blood, kidney and bone marrow. Thus, there has been extensive and in-depth research on polysaccharides obtained from tonic Chinese herbal medicine in China. Based on this background, this paper evaluated the effects and mechanisms of natural polysaccharides on AD by combing and screening English and related literature in recent 5 years and summarized the extraction process and structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lizhen Lin
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Hang Li
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Wenxin Xia
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Qiansong Liu
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xirong Zhou
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xueyan Fu
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education (Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan 750004, China.
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Explore the Therapeutic Composition and Mechanism of Schisandra chinensis-Acorus tatarinowii Schott on Alzheimer’s Disease by Using an Integrated Approach on Chemical Profile, Network Pharmacology, and UPLC-QTOF/MS-Based Metabolomics Analysis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6362617. [PMID: 35860432 PMCID: PMC9293517 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6362617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Alzheimer’s disease places a heavy economic burden to healthcare systems around the world. However, the effective treatments are still lacking. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) of Schisandra chinensis and Acorus tatarinowii Schott have the pharmacological effects of sedation and neuroprotection and have been clinically proven to be effective in the treatment of AD. However, their main anti-Alzheimer’s compounds and functional mechanisms remain unclear. Purpose. To elucidate the main therapeutic components and possible mechanisms of Sc-At in AD using a comprehensive strategy combining metabolomics and network pharmacology. Methods. First, the UPLC-QTOF/MS method was used to identify the main chemical constituents of Schisandra chinensis and Acorus tatarinowii Schott alcohol extracts in vitro and in vivo. Secondly, the theoretical active ingredients, targets, and pathways of Sc-At for AD treatment were predicted by network pharmacology methods. Finally, plasma metabolomics were detected by UPLC-QTOF/MS to analyze the differential metabolites and metabolic pathways related to Sc-At. Based on the analyses above, the anti-AD mechanism of Sc-At was explored. Results. A total of 95 chemical components were identified in Sc-At extracts in vitro, and 34 prototype drug components were detected in rat plasma; network pharmacology screening identified 14 drug components in line with the principle of Lipinski, of which 10 were present for in vitro drug composition analysis. For these 10 components, 58 AD disease targets were predicted, and 85 AD-related KEGG signaling pathways were enriched. Six core biomarkers of Sc-At (cis-8,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid, prostaglandin H2, sphingosine 1-phosphate, enol-phenylpyruvate, 3-methoxytyrosine, and pristanoyl-CoA) were regulated to a normal state during the treatment of AD. Conclusion. The mechanism of Sc-At for the treatment of AD can be achieved by the effect of the 10 compounds of Sc-At on TNF, MAPK8, MAPK14, PTGS1, and other targets, thereby affecting arachidonic acid metabolism, neurotransmitters, and sphingolipid metabolism.
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Cui M, Wang J, Zhang Y, Chen J, Mou T, Zhang C, Gu S, Zhao T, Sun Y, Hao W, Wei B. Integrated approach on UPLC-QTOF/MS based active plasma component and metabolomics analysis of Gan Mai Da Zao decoction on the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in rats plasma and urine. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Current Progress on Neuroprotection Induced by Artemisia, Ginseng, Astragalus, and Ginkgo Traditional Chinese Medicines for the Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3777021. [PMID: 35746960 PMCID: PMC9213169 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3777021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with the occurrence of diverse degenerative changes in various tissues and organs and with an increased incidence of neurological disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In recent years, the search for effective components derived from medicinal plants in delaying aging and preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases has been increasing and the number of related publications shows a rising trend. Here, we present a concise, updated review on the preclinical and clinical research progress in the assessment of the therapeutic potential of different traditional Chinese medicines and derived active ingredients and their effect on the signaling pathways involved in AD neuroprotection. Recognized by their multitargeting ability, these natural compounds hold great potential in developing novel drugs for AD.
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Kang X, Sun Y, Yi B, Jiang C, Yan X, Chen B, Lu L, Shi F, Luo Y, Chen Y, Wang Q, Shi R. Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Baicalein, an Active Ingredient of Yiqi Qingre Ziyin Method, Potentially Protects Patients With Atrophic Rhinitis From Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:880794. [PMID: 35754951 PMCID: PMC9226445 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.880794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognition may be improved by the active ingredients of the Yiqi Qingre Ziyin method in patients with atrophic rhinitis (AR). This study aimed to identify potential targets of the Yiqi Qingre Ziyin method for the treatment of patients with cognitive impairment. Nasal mucosal tissue samples from patients with AR were subjected to proteomic assays, and differentially expressed proteins were obtained. To explore the mechanism of AR leading to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a differential analysis of AR related differential proteins in the MCI related GSE140831 dataset was performed. Most AR-related differential proteins are also differentially expressed in peripheral blood tissues of MCI, have similar biological functions and are enriched in similar pathways. These co-expressed differential factors in AR and MCI are known as common differential proteins of AR and MCI (CDPAM). Based on the analysis and validation of the random forest, support vector machine and neural network models, CDPAM acted as a diagnostic marker for MCI risk. Cytochrome C (CYCS) was significantly upregulated in the peripheral blood of patients with MCI. The active ingredients in the Yiqi Qingre Ziqin method were obtained and targeted 137 proteins. Among these targeted proteins, CYCS belong to the CDPAM set. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics analysis revealed that baicalein, an active ingredient in the Yiqi Qingre Ziyin method, stably targeted the CYCS protein. Results of the enrichment analysis revealed that the up-regulation of CYCS expression may have a defensive effect on the cells to resist foreign stimuli. Therefore, baicalein, an active ingredient in the Yiqi Qingre Ziyin method, may prevent the development and progression of MCI by targeting the CYCS protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueran Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxing Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyan Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixing Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangze Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Ear Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanbo Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisheng Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Taian City Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Runjie Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Ear Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xu W, Jiang Y, Wang N, Bai H, Xu S, Xia T, Xin H. Traditional Chinese Medicine as a Promising Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease Complicated With Osteoporosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:842101. [PMID: 35721142 PMCID: PMC9198449 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.842101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and osteoporosis (OP) are progressive degenerative diseases caused by multiple factors, placing a huge burden on the world. Much evidence indicates that OP is a common complication in AD patients. In addition, there is also evidence to show that patients with OP have a higher risk of AD than those without OP. This suggests that the association between the two diseases may be due to a pathophysiological link rather than one disease causing the other. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have also proved their common pathogenesis. Based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, some classic and specific natural Chinese medicines are widely used to effectively treat AD and OP. Current evidence also shows that these treatments can ameliorate both brain damage and bone metabolism disorder and further alleviate AD complicated with OP. These valuable therapies might provide effective and safe alternatives to major pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifan Xu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nani Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Bai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyan Xu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianshuang Xia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Xin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Zhou R, Li J, Chen M. The Association Between Cognitive Impairment and Subsequent Falls Among Older Adults: Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:900315. [PMID: 35784248 PMCID: PMC9240660 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.900315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have suggested that cognitive impairment is associated with falls in older adults. However, the consistency of results among different subgroups defined by multiple characteristics of the elderly has not yet been tested. Additionally, results are inconsistent regarding the effects of different cognitive domains on falls. Therefore, this study sought to use representative data from a nationwide study to better understand the longitudinal association between cognitive impairment and subsequent falls in older adults. Methods The current study was conducted based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data of respondents aged ≥60 years in 2015 and the fall data in 2018. The respondents were divided into subgroups according to different demographic characteristics. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to adjust for various confounding factors and evaluate the association between cognitive impairment and falls. Results Of the 5,110 respondents included in this study, 1,093 (21.39%) had falls within the last 2 years. A significant association was found between cognitive impairment and subsequent falls (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99, P = 0.001) after adjusting for all of the covariates related to falls. Analysis of different cognitive domains showed that orientation (OR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.90–0.99, P = 0.013) and memory (OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.90–0.97, P = 0.001) were significantly associated with falls. In subgroup analysis, the ORs of people aged 60–74 years, male, with lower education level were 0.97 (95% CI 0.95–0.99, P = 0.008), 0.96 (95% CI 0.93–0.98, P = 0.001), and 0.97 (95% CI 0.95–0.99, P = 0.001), respectively, suggesting that the associations were also statistically significant in these subgroups. There was also a significant association both in urban (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99, P = 0.001) and in rural residents (OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99, P = 0.003). Conclusions Our results suggest that the associations between cognition and falls vary depending on the different demographic characteristics of older adults. These findings may be useful for designing more accurate identification and intervention for the fall risk for specific high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- School of Humanities and Management, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Meiling Chen
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Exploration on the Improvement of Cognitive Function and Inflammatory Response in Perimenopausal Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment by Self-Prepared Ningshen Prescription. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4311031. [PMID: 35692575 PMCID: PMC9184222 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4311031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the improvement of cognitive function and inflammatory response in perimenopausal patients with MCI by kidney-tonifying, blood-activating, and mind-nourishing. Methods 80 perimenopausal patients with MCI who met the diagnostic criteria were divided into a therapy group (n = 40) and a control group (n = 40) according to the treatment method. The control group was given nimodipine (Bayer Pharmaceuticals) 30 mg, 3 times/day orally, while the therapy group was given a decoction of self-prepared Ningshen prescription on the top of the control group (glossy privet fruit, mulberry, aizoon stonecrop, dan-shen root, tuber fleeceflower stem, cyperus rotundus, citron). Patients in the 2 groups were assessed on the MocA scale, ADL scale, and TCM symptom score before and after 2 months of treatment, respectively, to observe whether there was any change in the scale scores and in the levels of inflammatory factors (hs-CRP, Hcy, and IL-1β) Pre- and posttherapy in the 2 groups. Observe the improvement of clinical symptoms and their safety in both groups (liver and kidney function indicators such as ALT, AST and Cr, dizziness, headache, decrease in blood pressure, flushing, and gastrointestinal reactions). Results The efficacy of the therapy group was better than that of the control group; the MocA scale and ADL scale scores improved and the TCM symptom score decreased in both groups posttherapy, with the MocA scale and ADL scale scores improving more and the TCM symptom score decreasing more in the therapy group compared with the control group during the same period (p < 0.05). The serum levels of hs-CRP, Hcy, and IL-1β decreased in both groups posttherapy, with the serum levels of hs-CRP, Hcy, and IL-1β decreasing more in the therapy group compared to the control group during the same period (p < 0.05). The difference in adverse events between the two groups was not statistically significant when compared by a chi-square test (p > 0.05). The differences in ALT, AST, and Cr levels between the control group and the treatment group before and after treatment were not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion Ning Shen prescription can effectively prevent the continued development of cognitive dysfunction in perimenopausal patients with MCI, delay its natural course, and can improve the patients' ability to perform daily activities and improve their TCM symptoms.
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Medication Rules in Herbal Medicine for Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Network Pharmacology and Data Mining Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2478940. [PMID: 35646138 PMCID: PMC9132671 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2478940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Although traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has good efficacy in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), especially memory improvement and safety, its substance basis and intervention mechanism are particularly complex and unknown. Therefore, based on network pharmacology and data mining, this study aims to explore the rules, active ingredients and mechanism of TCM in the treatment of MCI. Methods By searching the GeneCard, OMIM, DisGeNET and DrugBank databases, we obtained the critical targets associated with MCI. We matched the components and herbs corresponding to the important targets in the TCMSP platform. Using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software, we constructed a target-component-herb network and conducted a network topology analysis to obtain the core components and herbs. Molecular docking was used to preliminarily analyze and predict the binding activities and main binding combinations of the core targets and components. Based on the analysis of the properties, flavor and meridian distribution of herbs, the rules of herbal therapy for MCI were summarized. Results Twenty-eight critical targets were obtained after the screening. Using the TCMSP platform, 492 components were obtained. After standardization, we obtained 387 herbs. Based on the target-composition-herb network analysis, the core targets were ADRB2, ADRA1B, DPP4, ACHE and ADRA1D. According to the screening, the core ingredients were beta-sitosterol, quercetin, kaempferol, stigmasterol and luteolin. The core herbs were matched to Danshen, Yanhusuo, Gancao, Gouteng and Jiangxiang. It was found that the herbs were mainly warm in nature, pungent in taste and liver and lung in meridian. The molecular docking results showed that most core components exhibited strong binding activity to the target combination regardless of the in or out of network combination. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that herbs have great potential in the treatment of MCI. This study provides a reference and basis for clinical application, experimental research and new drug development of herbal therapy for MCI.
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhances Cognitive Function in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early/Mid Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050562. [PMID: 35624949 PMCID: PMC9138792 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) i a non-invasive brain stimulation which is considered to have the potential to improve cognitive impairment in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, previous studies have been controversial on the therapeutic effect of tDCS. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of tDCS on cognitive impairment in patients with MCI and mild-to-moderate AD. Five databases, namely PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library, were searched with relative terms to extract the cognitive function changes measured by an objective cognitive scale in the included studies. The meta-analysis results showed that, compared with sham tDCS treatment, the overall cognitive function of patients with AD and MCI was significantly improved (weighted mean difference = 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.32 to 1.66; p = 0.004) after tDCS treatment, but the behavioral symptoms, recognition memory function, attention and executive function were not significantly improved. The subgroup analysis showed that the treatment would be more efficacious if the temporal-lobe-related brain areas were stimulated, the number of stimulations was greater than or equal to 10 and the current density was 2.5 mA/cm2. Among them, AD patients benefited more than MCI patients. No cognitive improvement was observed in patients with MCI or AD at different follow-up times after treatment. Our meta-analysis provided important evidence for the cognitive enhancement of tDCS in patients with MCI and mild-to-moderate AD and discussed its underlying mechanisms.
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Han G, Zhen W, Dai Y, Yu H, Li D, Ma T. Dihuang-Yinzi Alleviates Cognition Deficits via Targeting Energy-Related Metabolism in an Alzheimer Mouse Model as Demonstrated by Integration of Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:873929. [PMID: 35431901 PMCID: PMC9011333 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.873929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism disturbance and the consequent reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction play a key and pathogenic role in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Dihuang-Yinzi (DHYZ) is a traditional Chinese herbal prescription clinically applied to treat AD and other neurodegenerative diseases for a long time. However, the systematical metabolic mechanism of DHYZ against AD remains largely unclear. Here we aimed to explore the mechanism of DHYZ in the treatment of AD comprehensively in an in vivo metabolic context by performing metabolomics analysis coupled with network pharmacology study and experimental validation. The network pharmacology was applied to dig out the potential target of DHYZ against AD. The metabolomics analysis based on UPLC-HRMS was carried out to profile the urine of 2× Tg-AD mice treated with DHYZ. By integrating network pharmacology and metabolomics, we found DHYZ could ameliorate 4 key energy-related metabolic pathways, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, nicotinate/nicotinamide metabolism, glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Besides, we identified 5 potential anti-AD targets of DHYZ, including DAO, HIF1A, PARP1, ALDH3B2, and ACHE, and 14 key differential metabolites involved in the 4 key energy-related metabolic pathways. Furthermore, DHYZ depressed the mitochondrial dysfunction and the resultant ROS overproduction through ameliorating glycerophospholipid metabolism disturbance. Thereby DHYZ increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) content and promoted glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and consequently improved oxidative phosphorylation and energy metabolism. In the present study, we provided a novel, comprehensive and systematic insight into investigating the therapeutic efficacy of DHYZ against AD via ameliorating energy-related metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Han
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhe Zhen
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Dai
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongni Yu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyue Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Ma,
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The Effect of Guilingji Capsules on Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4778163. [PMID: 35116067 PMCID: PMC8807047 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4778163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Guilingji capsules (GLJC) have been shown to have antiaging effects and improve cognitive function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of GLJC for the treatment of vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI). A total of 96 patients with VaMCI (aged 60–85 years) were enrolled in this 24-week, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. The patients were randomly assigned to a GLJC group (n = 48) or a Ginkgo group (n = 48). Patients in the GLJC group were treated using GLJC, whereas those in the Ginkgo group received Ginkgo extract tablets. We evaluated the participants at baseline and after a 12- and 24-week treatment period using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog), and Chinese Medicine Symptom Scale (CM-SS). The serum acetylcholine (Ach), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), homocysteine (Hcy), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) serum levels of the patients were measured before and after 24-week treatment. Analysis of the results of both groups showed that both interventions significantly increased the MoCA and MMSE scores of the patients and decreased their ADAS-Cog and CM-SS scores (P < 0.05). The GLJC group showed greater improvement in MoCA, MMSE, and CM-SS scores than the Ginkgo group (P < 0.05). However, both groups showed a significant increase in serum Ach and a decrease in serum AchE, Hcy, and hs-CRP levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, serum Ach increased and Hcy decreased more significantly in the GLJC group than in the Ginkgo group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that GLJC can improve the cognitive function, cholinergic system, and inflammatory cytokine levels of patients with VaMCI. Furthermore, this treatment can improve symptoms of syndromes diagnosed according to traditional Chinese medicine practice in patients with VaMCI.
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Guo P, Zhang B, Zhao J, Wang C, Wang Z, Liu A, Du G. Medicine-Food Herbs against Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of Their Traditional Functional Features, Substance Basis, Clinical Practices and Mechanisms of Action. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030901. [PMID: 35164167 PMCID: PMC8839204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that currently has reached epidemic proportions among elderly populations around the world. In China, available traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) that organically combine functional foods with medicinal values are named “Medicine Food Homology (MFH)”. In this review, we focused on MFH varieties for their traditional functional features, substance bases, clinical uses, and mechanisms of action (MOAs) for AD prevention and treatment. We consider the antiAD active constituents from MFH species, their effects on in vitro/in vivo AD models, and their drug targets and signal pathways by summing up the literature via a systematic electronic search (SciFinder, PubMed, and Web of Science). In this paper, several MFH plant sources are discussed in detail from in vitro/in vivo models and methods, to MOAs. We found that most of the MFH varieties exert neuroprotective effects and ameliorate cognitive impairments by inhibiting neuropathological signs (Aβ-induced toxicity, amyloid precursor protein, and phosphorylated Tau immunoreactivity), including anti-inflammation, antioxidative stress, antiautophagy, and antiapoptosis, etc. Indeed, some MFH substances and their related phytochemicals have a broad spectrum of activities, so they are superior to simple single-target drugs in treating chronic diseases. This review can provide significant guidance for people’s healthy lifestyles and drug development for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Baoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ailin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (G.D.)
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (P.G.); (B.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.W.); (Z.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (G.D.)
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Zhu Y, Yu J, Zhang K, Feng Y, Guo K, Sun L, Ruan S. Network Pharmacology Analysis to Explore the Pharmacological Mechanism of Effective Chinese Medicines in Treating Metastatic Colorectal Cancer using Meta-Analysis Approach. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 49:1839-1870. [PMID: 34781857 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains controversial, and its active components and potential targets are still unclear. This study mainly aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of TCM in mCRC treatment through meta-analysis and explore the effective components and potential targets based on the network pharmacology method. We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, CBM, WanFang, and CNKI database for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the treatment of mCRC patients with and without TCM. A meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4 was conducted. In total, 25 clinical trials were analyzed, and the result demonstrated that TCM was closely correlated with the improved OS (HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.52-0.76; [Formula: see text] < 0.00001) and PFS (HR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.61-0.88; [Formula: see text] = 0.0010). Then, high-frequency Chinese herbs from the prescriptions extracted from the trails included in the OS meta-analysis were counted to construct a core-effective prescription. The TCMSP database was used to retrieve the active chemical components and predict herb targets. The Genecards, OMIM, Disgenet, DrugBank, and TTD database were searched for colorectal cancer targets. R-package was used to construct the Component-Target (C-T) network based on the intersection genes. Further, we extracted hub genes from C-T network and performed functional enrichment and pathway analysis. Finally, the C-T network showed 120 herb and disease co-target genes, and the most important top 10 active components were: Quercetin, Luteolin, Wogonin, Kaempferol, Nobiletin, Baicalein, Licochalcone A, Naringenin, Isorhamnetin, and Acacetin. The first 20 hub genes were extracted: CDKN1A, CDK1, CDK2, E2F1, CDK4, PCNA, RB1, CCNA2, MAPK3, CCND1, CCNB1, JUN, MAPK1, RELA, FOS, MAPK8, STAT3, MAPK14, NR3C1, and MYC. Thus, effective Chinese herb components may inhibit the mCRC by targeting multiple biological processes of the above hub genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Jieru Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Yuqian Feng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Kaibo Guo
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Leitao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Shanming Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
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Liu H, Zhong L, Dai Q, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Jiang Y. Zuoguiwan Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits and Neuro-Inflammation in Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Rats. Neuroimmunomodulation 2022; 29:63-69. [PMID: 34320500 DOI: 10.1159/000516396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease is the most popular neurodegenerative disorder with no effective drugs to stop the progression. Zuoguiwan (ZGW), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been applied in many diseases. Our study aimed to detect the function and mechanisms of ZGW in Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS The rat models of AD were established by streptozotocin (STZ), and the function of ZGW on cognitive dysfunction was measured with the Morris water maze test. The concentration of pro-inflammatory mediators was accessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relative mRNA expression of ERβ was detected by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS The treatment with ZGW could suppress the cognitive impairment by the findings of escape latency and time spent in the target quadrant and the increased concentration of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α induced by STZ. STZ might repress the mRNA levels of ERβ, and ZGW management weakened the declined mRNA expression of ERβ. ZGW might play a protective role in AD rats against the injury of STZ on cognition and neuro-inflammation by improving the mRNA expression of ERβ. CONCLUSION The results indicated that ZGW might be a novel therapeutic strategy to slow the process of AD by modulating ERβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Postdoctoral Program, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qiaomei Dai
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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80
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Liu N, Zhang T, Sun J, Yao J, Ma L, Fu J, Li H. An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:761661. [PMID: 34899316 PMCID: PMC8664324 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.761661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple systematic reviews (SRs) have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we aim to perform an overview to assess the methodological quality and quality of evidence of the SRs to provide convincing data on the treatment of AD with CHM. Method: Six electronic databases including Chinese and English were searched, until April 31, 2021. Two researchers independently screen documents and extract data according to the predesigned rules. A Measure Tool to Assessment System Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) was used to investigate the methodological quality, and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to determine the quality of evidence for outcomes. Results: Twelve qualified SRs including 163 randomized controlled trials were reviewed. The methodological quality of the included SRs was considered extremely low assessed through AMSTAR-2. Compared with western medicines (WM) alone, CHM as an adjuvant treatment has shown significant effects in improving Mini-mental State Examination, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive, and Clinical Dementia Rating scores. The same is true for CHM alone. Regarding the effect on Activities Daily Living, neither the single CHM nor the combination with WM has an obvious effect. For the total effective rate, both single CHM and the combination with WM shown significant effects. Nine SRs suggested that CHM as adjuvant therapy or single-use had fewer adverse events than WM. Additionally, the quality of evidence for the main outcome was reviewed as low or extremely low according to GRADE profiler data. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that CHM may be beneficial in improving the cognitive function of AD patients. However, we should be cautious about the evidence due to methodological flaws and low quality. High-quality RCTs are further needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of CHM for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyang Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuxiu Yao
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gao X, Li S, Liu X, Cong C, Zhao L, Liu H, Xu L. Neuroprotective effects of Tiaogeng decoction against H 2O 2-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis in PC12 cells via Nrf2 and JNK signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114379. [PMID: 34216727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tiaogeng decoction (TGD), a mixture of 10 traditional Chinese herbs, has been used clinically for over 30 years in treating menopause-related symptoms such as cognitive changes, mood disorders, vasomotor symptoms, and sleep disorders. These central nervous system symptoms are closely associated with declined ovarian function, which dramatically increases the risk of neurodegenerative disease. Previous studies revealed that TGD may have anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties, potentially preventing neurodegenerative conditions; however, the underlying pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to examine whether TGD could activate the Nrf2 and C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways to effectively reduce oxidative injury and apoptosis in PC12 cells and elucidate the mechanism by which this medicine may prevent neurodegenerative disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS PC12 cells were exposed to different concentrations of TGD (125, 250, 500 μg/mL) and H2O2 (150 μM). 17β-estradiol (0.05 μg/mL) was used as the positive control. A cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay were used to detect cell viability and cytotoxicity, while Hoechst and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate apoptosis levels. Mitochondrial function was assessed by measuring mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were used to measure oxidative stress (OS). Western blot analysis was used to identify the levels of Nrf2, phospho-JNK (p-JNK), phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (p-MKK7), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Caspase3 (Casp3), Caspase9 (Casp9), Bax, and Bcl-2 proteins. Moreover, JNK agonist anisomycin and Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 were used to validate pathways. RESULTS TGD pretreatment significantly alleviated H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, MMP, and OS levels. H2O2 stimulated the activation of Nrf2 and JNK signaling pathways, but TGD increased the extent of Nrf2 antioxidant activation, decreased the activation of JNK, and eventually reversed the H2O2-induced protein expression of p-MKK7, Keap1, HO-1, Cleaved Caspase3 (CL-Casp3), Cleaved Caspase9 (CL-Casp9), Bax, and Bcl-2. CONCLUSIONS This study's findings suggest that TGD may attenuate oxidative injury and apoptosis via the Nrf2 and JNK signaling pathways, making it a potential therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Gao
- Department of Gynecology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Gynecology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Chao Cong
- Department of Gynecology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Huicong Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Lianwei Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Fu J, Zhang H, Liu S, Wu J, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Song F, Qin Y, Hu X, Liu Z. An integrated strategy using LC-MS/MS combined with in vivo microdialysis for the simultaneous determination of lignans of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Fructus and endogenous neurotransmitters: application in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies. Food Funct 2021; 12:8932-8945. [PMID: 34606559 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01682b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill Fructus (SCF) is the ripe fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill, and is often used as a neuroprotective drink. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that lignans are the main bioactive components responsible for neuroprotection and have potential in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanism of action of SCF in the treatment of AD from the pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) perspective remains not well established. The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the pharmacokinetic differences of lignans in normal and AD rats, as well as to investigate their effects on neurotransmitters and their role in the treatment of AD. To achieve this goal, an integrated strategy using LC-MS/MS combined with in vivo microdialysis for the simultaneous determination of lignans of SCF and endogenous neurotransmitters has been developed and validated. The results show that the pharmacokinetic behaviors of ten lignans in the AD group were significantly different from those in the normal group. The AD group had better absorption and slower elimination than the normal group. In addition, the pharmacodynamic results of the Morris water maze (MWM) test, biochemical tests, histopathological examination, as well as immunohistochemistry analysis showed that lignans could improve the learning and memory of AD rats. The oral administration of SCF could restore the levels of the neurotransmitter parameters; seven neurotransmitters showed clockwise or counterclockwise changes with the four lignans in the hippocampal region. Taken together, the PK and PD studies based on in vivo microdialysis sampling might offer novel insights into the mechanisms of action of SCF against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. .,National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Hongxu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. .,National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Shu Liu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jiajie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. .,National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. .,National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China. .,National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun & Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yuhua Qin
- Hainan Tropical Marine University, Sanya, 572022, China
| | - Xiuli Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zhongying Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Chuang Y, Van I, Zhao Y, Xu Y. Icariin ameliorate Alzheimer's disease by influencing SIRT1 and inhibiting Aβ cascade pathogenesis. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 117:102014. [PMID: 34407393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Of all types of dementia, Alzheimer's disease is the type that has the highest proportion of cases and is the cause of substantial medical and economic burden. The mechanism of Alzheimer's disease is closely associated with the aggregation of amyloid-β protein and causes neurotoxicity and extracellular accumulation in the brain and to intracellular neurofibrillary tangles caused by tau protein hyperphosphorylation in the brain tissue. Previous studies have demonstrated that sirtuin1 downregulation is involved in the pathological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease. The decrease of sirtuin1 level would cause Alzheimer's disease by means of promoting the amyloidogenic pathway to generate amyloid-β species and thereby triggering amyloid-β cascade reaction, such as tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuron autophagy, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuron apoptosis. Currently, there is no effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease, it is necessary to develop new treatment strategies. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and based on the mechanism of the disease, tonifying the kidneys is one of the principles for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Epimedium is a well-known Chinese medicine for tonifying kidney. Therefore, investigating the influence of the components of Epimedium on the pathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease may provide a reference for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in the future. In this article, we summarise the effects and mechanism of icariin, the main ingredient extracted from Epimedium, in ameliorating Alzheimer's disease by regulating sirtuin1 to inhibit amyloid-β protein and improve other amyloid-β cascade pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochen Chuang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China; Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Iatkio Van
- Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, 999078, China.
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China.
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84
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Xie Y, Zhi K, Meng X. Effects and Mechanisms of Synaptotagmin-7 in the Hippocampus on Cognitive Impairment in Aging Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:5756-5771. [PMID: 34403042 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02528-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Aging is an irreversible biological process that involves oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis, and eventually leads to cognitive dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role and potential mechanisms of Synaptotagmin-7, a calcium membrane transporter in cognitive impairment in aging mice. Our results indicated that Synaptotagmin-7 expression significantly decreased in the hippocampus of D-galactose-induced or naturally aging mice when compared with healthy controls, as detected by western blot and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Synaptotagmin-7 overexpression in the dorsal CA1 of the hippocampus reversed long-term potentiation and improved hippocampus-dependent spatial learning in D-galactose-induced aging mice. Synaptotagmin-7 overexpression also led to fully preserved learning and memory in 6-month-old mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Synaptotagmin-7 improved learning and memory by elevating the level of fEPSP and downregulating the expression of aging-related genes such as p53 and p16. The results of our study provide new insights into the role of Synaptotagmin-7 in improving neuronal function and overcoming memory impairment caused by aging, suggesting that Synaptotagmin-7 overexpression may be an innovative therapeutic strategy for treating cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Xie
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kaining Zhi
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xianfang Meng
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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85
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A network pharmacology approach to uncover the key ingredients in Ginkgo Folium and their anti-Alzheimer's disease mechanisms. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:18993-19012. [PMID: 34315132 PMCID: PMC8351672 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify potential anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) targets and action mechanisms of Ginkgo Folium (GF) through a network pharmacology approach. Eighty-four potential targets of 10 active anti-AD ingredients of GF were identified, among which genkwanin (GK) had the greatest number of AD-related targets. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the most significantly enriched signaling pathway of GF against AD was Alzheimer disease (hsa05010). More importantly, 29 of the 84 targets were significantly correlated with tau, Aβ or both Aβ and tau pathology. In addition, GO analysis suggested that the main biological processes of GF in AD treatment were the regulation of chemical synaptic transmission (GO:0007268), neuron death (GO:0070997), amyloid-beta metabolic process (GO:0050435), etc. We further investigated the anti-AD effects of GK using N2A-APP cells (a classical cellular model of AD). Treatment N2A-APP cells with 100 μM GK for 48 h affected core targets related to tau pathology (such as CDK5 and GSK3β). In conclusion, these findings indicate that GF exerts its therapeutic effects on AD by acting directly on multiple pathological processes of AD.
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86
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Luo Y, Zhou S, Haeiwa H, Takeda R, Okazaki K, Sekita M, Yamamoto T, Yamano M, Sakamoto K. Role of amber extract in protecting SHSY5Y cells against amyloid β1-42-induced neurotoxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111804. [PMID: 34175817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive brain disease. Amyloid β plays a critical role in AD development. Some Chinese traditional medicines, such as the fossilized plant resin, amber, have been applied as mental stabilizers. However, the effects of amber on AD pathogenesis remain unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine the potential of amber extract for treating AD by evaluating its effects on amyloid-β (1-42) (Aβ (1-42))-induced neuronal cell death. We measured levels of ROS, Bcl-2, and Bax mRNA, and found that amber extract decreased Aβ (1-42)-induced cell apoptosis via the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Amber extract also decreased β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and increased microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3II) and Beclin 1. These findings suggested that amber extract protects neuronal cells against Aβ (1-42)-induced cell apoptosis by upregulating autophagy and downregulating BACE1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuening Luo
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Haruna Haeiwa
- Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Reiko Takeda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okazaki
- Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Marie Sekita
- Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Mikio Yamano
- Kohaku Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazuichi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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87
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Zhang JH, Zhang JF, Song J, Bai Y, Deng L, Feng CP, Xu XY, Guo HX, Wang Y, Gao X, Gu Y, Jin C, Zheng JF, Zhen Z, Su H. Effects of Berberine on Diabetes and Cognitive Impairment in an Animal Model: The Mechanisms of Action. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1399-1415. [PMID: 34137676 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders with an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment and dementia. The hippocampus in the forebrain contains an abundance of insulin receptors related to cognitive function and plays an important role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Berberine from traditional Chinese medicine has been used to treat diabetes and diabetic cognitive impairment, although its related mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, a STZ diabetes rat model feeding with a high-fat diet was used to test the effects of berberine compared with metformin. Oral glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp were used for glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. The Morris water maze was used to observe the compound effects on cognitive impairment. Serum and hippocampal [Formula: see text]-amyloid peptide (A[Formula: see text], Tau and phosphorylated Tau protein deposition in the hippocampi were measured. The TUNEL assay was used to detect the neuronal apoptosis, supported by histomorphological changes and transmissional electron microscopy (TEM) image. Our data showed that the diabetic rats had a significantly cognitive impairment. In addition to improving glucose metabolism and reducing insulin resistance, berberine significantly improved the cognitive function in the rat. Berberine also effectively decreased the expression of hippocampal tau protein, phosphorylated Tau, and increased insulin receptor antibodies. Moreover, berberine downregulated the abnormal phosphorylation of A[Formula: see text] and Tau protein and improved hippocampal insulin signaling. The TUNEL assay confirmed that berberine reduced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis supported by TEM. Thus, berberine significantly improved the cognitive function in diabetic rats by changing the peripheral and central insulin resistance. The reduction of neuronal injury, A[Formula: see text] deposition, abnormal phosphorylation of Tau protein, and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus were observed as the related mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin-Feng Zhang
- Jingmen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingmen 448000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Song
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Yu Bai
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Lan Deng
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Peng Feng
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yao Xu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xia Guo
- Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P. R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gu
- Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Jin
- Tianjin Binhai New Area Dagang Hospital, Tianjin 300270, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Fu Zheng
- Tianjin Binhai New Area TCM Hospital, Tianjin 300451, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Zhen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Hao Su
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
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88
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Ma L, Zheng J, Chen H, Zeng X, Wang S, Yang C, Li X, Xiao Y, Zheng L, Chen H, Huang K. A Systematic Screening of Traditional Chinese Medicine Identifies Two Novel Inhibitors Against the Cytotoxic Aggregation of Amyloid Beta. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:637766. [PMID: 33897425 PMCID: PMC8062920 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.637766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxic aggregates of amyloid beta (Aβ) disrupt the cell membrane, induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, and eventually lead to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Intervening with this cytotoxic aggregation process has been suggested as a potential therapeutic approach for AD and other protein misfolding diseases. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used to treat AD and related cognitive impairment for centuries with obvious efficacy. Extracts or active ingredients of TCMs have been reported to inhibit the aggregation and cytotoxicity of Aβ. However, there is a lack of systematic research on the anti-Aβ aggregation effects of TCM components. In this study, we performed a systematic screening to identify the active ingredients of TCM against the cytotoxic aggregation of Aβ42. Through a literature and database survey, we selected 19 TCM herbals frequently used in the treatment of AD, from which 76 major active chemicals without known anti-amyloid effects were further screened. This took place through two rounds of MTT-based screening detection of the cytotoxicity of these chemicals and their effects on Aβ42-induced cytotoxicity, respectively. Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) and sinapic acid (SA) were found to be less toxic, and they inhibited the cytotoxicity of Aβ42. Further studies demonstrated that TSG and SA concentration-dependently attenuated the amyloidosis and membrane disruption ability of Aβ42. Thus, we identified two novel chemicals (TSG and SA) against the cytotoxic aggregation of Aβ42. Nonetheless, further exploration of their therapeutic potential is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huijing Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Zeng
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shilin Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Li
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yushuo Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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89
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Zha Z, Gao YF, Ji J, Sun YQ, Li JL, Qi F, Zhang N, Jin LY, Xue B, Yang T, Fan YP, Zhao H, Wang L. Bu Shen Yi Sui Capsule Alleviates Neuroinflammation and Demyelination by Promoting Microglia toward M2 Polarization, Which Correlates with Changes in miR-124 and miR-155 in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5521503. [PMID: 33815654 PMCID: PMC7987454 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5521503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bu Shen Yi Sui capsule (BSYS) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription that has shown antineuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects in treating multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Microglia play an important role in neuroinflammation. The M1 phenotype of microglia is involved in the proinflammatory process of the disease, while the M2 phenotype plays an anti-inflammatory role. Promoting the polarization of microglia to M2 in MS/EAE is a promising therapeutic strategy. This study is aimed at exploring the effects of BSYS on microglial polarization in mice with EAE. METHODS The EAE model was established by the intraperitoneal injection of pertussis toxin and subcutaneous injection of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 in C57BL/6J mice. The mice were treated with BSYS (3.02 g/kg), FTY720 (0.3 mg/kg), or distilled water by intragastric administration. H&E and LFB staining, transmission electron microscopy, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, ELISA, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and western blotting were used to detect the histological changes in myelin, microglial M1/M2 polarization markers, and the expression of key genes involved in EAE. Results and Conclusions. BSYS treatment of EAE mice increased the body weight, decreased the clinical score, and reduced demyelination induced by inflammatory infiltration. BSYS also inhibited the mRNA expression of M1 microglial markers while increasing the mRNA level of M2 markers. Additionally, BSYS led to a marked decrease in the ratio of M1 microglia (iNOS+/Iba1+) and an obvious increase in the number of M2 microglia (Arg1+/Iba1+). In the EAE mouse model, miR-124 expression was decreased, and miR-155 expression was increased, while BSYS treatment significantly reversed this effect and modulated the levels of C/EBP α, PU.1, and SOCS1 (target genes of miR-124 and miR-155). Therefore, the neuroprotective effect of BSYS against MS/EAE was related to promoting microglia toward M2 polarization, which may be correlated with changes in miR-124 and miR-155 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zha
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan-Fang Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Ji
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ya-Qin Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jun-Ling Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fang Qi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Liang-Yun Jin
- Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Bing Xue
- Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yong-Ping Fan
- Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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90
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Li S, Wu Z, Le W. Traditional Chinese medicine for dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1066-1071. [PMID: 33682261 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In Western medicine, dementia refers to a spectrum of diseases affecting cognition, mental health, and physical abilities. Ancient medical literatures of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) also recorded dementia-like symptoms, but described the disease from a totally distinct theoretical point of view. The earliest records of memory loss in ancient China can be traced back 2000 years earlier. In TCM, dementia can be attributed mainly to the Brain dystrophy, Spleen-Kidney weakness, Blood stasis, and Phlegm stagnation. Of interest, ancient Chinese physicians have proposed that dementia manifests as not only cognitive but also noncognitive symptoms including psychiatric disorders and sleep disturbance, which have been investigated widely nowadays in Western medicine. Various TCM prescriptions, herbal medicines, and acupunctures have also been proposed for dementia prevention and therapy. Some of these strategies are still used in current clinical practice. Reviewing and highlighting the unique TCM recognition of treating dementia may shed light on future dementia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Zhengzhi Wu
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences-Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Medical School, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, P.R. China
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91
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Chen YY, Wang MC, Wang YN, Hu HH, Liu QQ, Liu HJ, Zhao YY. Redox signaling and Alzheimer's disease: from pathomechanism insights to biomarker discovery and therapy strategy. Biomark Res 2020; 8:42. [PMID: 32944245 PMCID: PMC7488504 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-00218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Aging and average life expectancy have been increasing at a rapid rate, while there is an exponential risk to suffer from brain-related frailties and neurodegenerative diseases as the population ages. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide with a projected expectation to blossom into the major challenge in elders and the cases are forecasted to increase about 3-fold in the next 40 years. Considering the etiological factors of AD are too complex to be completely understood, there is almost no effective cure to date, suggesting deeper pathomechanism insights are urgently needed. Metabolites are able to reflect the dynamic processes that are in progress or have happened, and metabolomic may therefore provide a more cost-effective and productive route to disease intervention, especially in the arena for pathomechanism exploration and new biomarker identification. In this review, we primarily focused on how redox signaling was involved in AD-related pathologies and the association between redox signaling and altered metabolic pathways. Moreover, we also expatiated the main redox signaling-associated mechanisms and their cross-talk that may be amenable to mechanism-based therapies. Five natural products with promising efficacy on AD inhibition and the benefit of AD intervention on its complications were highlighted as well. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Min-Chang Wang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Institute, Xi'an, 710065 Shaanxi China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - He-He Hu
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069 Shaanxi China
| | - Qing-Quan Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010 China
| | - Hai-Jing Liu
- Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi'an, 710065 Shaanxi China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069 Shaanxi China
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