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Tang H, Yamamura A, Yamamura H, Song S, Fraidenburg DR, Chen J, Gu Y, Pohl NM, Zhou T, Jiménez-Pérez L, Ayon RJ, Desai AA, Goltzman D, Rischard F, Khalpey Z, Black SM, Garcia JGN, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Pathogenic role of calcium-sensing receptors in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L846-59. [PMID: 26968768 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00050.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]cyt) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) is a major trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction and a critical stimulation for PASMC proliferation and migration. Previously, we demonstrated that expression and function of calcium sensing receptors (CaSR) in PASMC from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and animals with experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) were greater than in PASMC from normal subjects and control animals. However, the mechanisms by which CaSR triggers Ca(2+) influx in PASMC and the implication of CaSR in the development of PH remain elusive. Here, we report that CaSR functionally interacts with TRPC6 to regulate [Ca(2+)]cyt in PASMC. Downregulation of CaSR or TRPC6 with siRNA inhibited Ca(2+)-induced [Ca(2+)]cyt increase in IPAH-PASMC (in which CaSR is upregulated), whereas overexpression of CaSR or TRPC6 enhanced Ca(2+)-induced [Ca(2+)]cyt increase in normal PASMC (in which CaSR expression level is low). The upregulated CaSR in IPAH-PASMC was also associated with enhanced Akt phosphorylation, whereas blockade of CaSR in IPAH-PASMC attenuated cell proliferation. In in vivo experiments, deletion of the CaSR gene in mice (casr(-/-)) significantly inhibited the development and progression of experimental PH and markedly attenuated acute hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. These data indicate that functional interaction of upregulated CaSR and upregulated TRPC6 in PASMC from IPAH patients and animals with experimental PH may play an important role in the development and progression of sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Blockade or downregulation of CaSR and/or TRPC6 with siRNA or miRNA may be a novel therapeutic strategy to develop new drugs for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Aya Yamamura
- Kinjo Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisao Yamamura
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; and
| | - Shanshan Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Dustin R Fraidenburg
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jiwang Chen
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yali Gu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Nicole M Pohl
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine
| | | | - Ramon J Ayon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine
| | - David Goltzman
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Franz Rischard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Zain Khalpey
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Stephan M Black
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Ayako Makino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
| | - Jason X J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, and
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Abstract
Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) is mediated by the store-operated Ca(2+) channel (SOC) that opens upon depletion of internal Ca(2+) stores following activation of G protein-coupled receptors or receptor tyrosine kinases. Over the past two decades, the physiological and pathological relevance of SOCE has been extensively studied. Recently, accumulating evidence suggests associations of altered SOCE with diabetic complications. This review focuses on the implication of SOCE as it pertains to various complications resulting from diabetes. We summarize recent findings by us and others on the involvement of abnormal SOCE in the development of diabetic complications, such as diabetic nephropathy and diabetic vasculopathy. The underlying mechanisms that mediate the diabetes-associated alterations of SOCE are also discussed. The SOCE pathway may be considered as a potential therapeutic target for diabetes-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Chaudhari
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth 76107, TX, USA
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth 76107, TX, USA
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53
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Jing Z, Sui X, Yao J, Xie J, Jiang L, Zhou Y, Pan H, Han W. SKF-96365 activates cytoprotective autophagy to delay apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells through inhibition of the calcium/CaMKIIγ/AKT-mediated pathway. Cancer Lett 2016; 372:226-38. [PMID: 26803057 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) inhibitors are emerging as an attractive new generation of anti-cancer drugs. Here, we report that SKF-96365, an SOCE inhibitor, exhibits potent anti-neoplastic activity by inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. In the meantime, SKF-96365 also induces cytoprotective autophagy to delay apoptosis by preventing the release of cytochrome c (cyt c) from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm. Mechanistically, SKF-96365 treatment inhibited the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIγ (CaMKIIγ)/AKT signaling cascade in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of CaMKIIγ or AKT abolished the effects of SKF-96365 on cancer cells, suggesting a critical role of the CaMKIIγ/AKT signaling pathway in SFK-96365-induced biological effects. Moreover, Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an FDA-approved drug used to inhibit autophagy, could significantly augment the anti-cancer effect of SFK-96365 in a mouse xenograft model. To our best knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate that calcium/CaMKIIγ/AKT signaling can regulate apoptosis and autophagy simultaneously in cancer cells, and the combination of the SOCE inhibitor SKF-96365 with autophagy inhibitors represents a promising strategy for treating patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jing
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junlin Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiansheng Xie
- Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liming Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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54
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Brun C, Jean-Louis F, Oddos T, Bagot M, Bensussan A, Michel L. Phenotypic and functional changes in dermal primary fibroblasts isolated from intrinsically aged human skin. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:113-9. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécilia Brun
- INSERM U976; Centre de Recherche en Dermatologie; Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
- Centre de Recherche; Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France; Val de Reuil France
| | - Francette Jean-Louis
- INSERM U976; Centre de Recherche en Dermatologie; Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - Thierry Oddos
- Centre de Recherche; Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France; Val de Reuil France
| | - Martine Bagot
- INSERM U976; Centre de Recherche en Dermatologie; Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
- AP-HP; Service de Dermatologie; Hôpital Saint-Louis; Paris France
| | - Armand Bensussan
- INSERM U976; Centre de Recherche en Dermatologie; Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - Laurence Michel
- INSERM U976; Centre de Recherche en Dermatologie; Paris France
- Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
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55
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Wei C, Li HZ, Wang YH, Peng X, Shao HJ, Li HX, Bai SZ, Lu XX, Wu LY, Wang R, Xu CQ. Exogenous spermine inhibits the proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells caused by chemically-induced hypoxia via the suppression of the ERK1/2- and PI3K/AKT-associated pathways. Int J Mol Med 2015; 37:39-46. [PMID: 26572277 PMCID: PMC4687431 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling is a significant pathological feature of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH), while pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation plays a leading role in pulmonary vascular remodeling. Spermine (Sp), a polyamine, plays a critical role in periodic cell proliferation and apoptosis. The present study was conducted to observe the association between hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation and polyamine metabolism, and to explore the effects of exogenous Sp on PASMC poliferation and the related mechanisms. In the present study, PASMCs were cultured with cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to establish a hypoxia model, and Sp at various final concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 µM) was added to the medium of PASMCs 40 min prior to the induction of hypoxia. Cell proliferation was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell counting kit-8 assay and 5-bromo‑2'‑deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay. Cell cycle progression was determined by flow cytometry, and the protein expression levels of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT; the key enzyme in the terminal degradation of polyamine), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; the key enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis), cyclin D1 and p27 were measured by western blot analysis. The results revealed that the proliferation of the PASMCs cultured with CoCl2 at 50 µM for 24 h markedly increased. The expression of ODC was decreased and the expression of SSAT was increased in the cells under hypoxic conditions. Exogenous Sp at concentrations of 1 and 10 µM significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation, leading to cell cycle arrest at the G1/G0 phase. In addition, Sp decreased cyclin D1 expression, increased p27 expression, and suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT); however, the above-metioned parameters were not markedly affected by Sp at concentrations of 0.1 or 100 µM. These results suggest that hypoxia disrupts polyamine metabolism, and Sp at concentrations of 1 and 10 µM inhibits the increase in human PASMC proliferation caused by chemically-induced hypoxia via the suppression of the ERK1/2- and PI3K/AKT-associated pathways. This study thus offer new insight into the prevention and treatment of HPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Zhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Hong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xue Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Jiang Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Xia Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Zhi Bai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Lu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Qing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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56
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Liu W, Kong H, Zeng X, Wang J, Wang Z, Yan X, Wang Y, Xie W, Wang H. Iptakalim inhibits PDGF-BB-induced human airway smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:204-10. [PMID: 26160451 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic airway diseases are characterized by airway remodeling which is attributed partly to the proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels have been identified in ASMCs. Mount evidence has suggested that KATP channel openers can reduce airway hyperresponsiveness and alleviate airway remodeling. Opening K(+) channels triggers K(+) efflux, which leading to membrane hyperpolarization, preventing Ca(2+)entry through closing voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels. Intracellular Ca(2+) is the most important regulator of muscle contraction, cell proliferation and migration. K(+) efflux decreases Ca(2+) influx, which consequently influences ASMCs proliferation and migration. As a KATP channel opener, iptakalim (Ipt) has been reported to restrain the proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) involved in vascular remodeling, while little is known about its impact on ASMCs. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Ipt on human ASMCs and the mechanisms underlying. Results obtained from cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation showed that Ipt significantly inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced ASMCs proliferation. ASMCs migration induced by PDGF-BB was also suppressed by Ipt in transwell migration and scratch assay. Besides, the phosphorylation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), protein kinase B (Akt), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) were as well alleviated by Ipt administration. Furthermore, we found that the inhibition of Ipt on the PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration in human ASMCs was blocked by glibenclamide (Gli), a selective KATP channel antagonist. These findings provide a strong evidence to support that Ipt antagonize the proliferating and migrating effects of PDGF-BB on human ASMCs through opening KATP channels. Altogether, our results highlighted a novel profile of Ipt as a potent option against the airway remodeling in chronic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui Kong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaoning Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zailiang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaopei Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Weiping Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Huetsch J, Shimoda LA. Na(+)/H(+) exchange and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2015; 5:228-43. [PMID: 26064449 DOI: 10.1086/680213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis is key to the functioning of vascular smooth muscle cells, including pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Sodium-hydrogen exchange (NHE) is an important contributor to pHi control in PASMCs. In this review, we examine the role of NHE in PASMC function, in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. In particular, we focus on the contribution of NHE to the PASMC response to hypoxia, considering both acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension in response to chronic hypoxia. Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension remains a disease with limited therapeutic options. Thus, this review explores past efforts at disrupting NHE signaling and discusses the therapeutic potential that such efforts may have in the field of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Huetsch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Larissa A Shimoda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Prieto-Lloret J, Ramirez M, Olea E, Moral-Sanz J, Cogolludo A, Castañeda J, Yubero S, Agapito T, Gomez-Niño A, Rocher A, Rigual R, Obeso A, Perez-Vizcaino F, González C. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, carotid body function and erythropoietin production in adult rats perinatally exposed to hyperoxia. J Physiol 2015; 593:2459-77. [PMID: 25833164 DOI: 10.1113/jp270274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Adult animals that have been perinatally exposed to oxygen-rich atmospheres (hyperoxia), recalling those used for oxygen therapy in infants, exhibit a loss of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, whereas vasoconstriction elicited by depolarizing agents is maintained. Loss of pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction is not linked to alterations in oxygen-sensitive K(+) currents in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Loss of hypoxic vasoconstriction is associated with early postnatal oxidative damage and corrected by an antioxidant diet. Perinatal hyperoxia damages carotid body chemoreceptor cell function and the antioxidant diet does not reverse it. The hypoxia-elicited increase in erythropoietin plasma levels is not affected by perinatal hyperoxia. The potential clinical significance of the findings in clinical situations such as pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or general anaesthesia is considered. ABSTRACT Adult mammalians possess three cell systems that are activated by acute bodily hypoxia: pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC), carotid body chemoreceptor cells (CBCC) and erythropoietin (EPO)-producing cells. In rats, chronic perinatal hyperoxia causes permanent carotid body (CB) atrophy and functional alterations of surviving CBCC. There are no studies on PASMC or EPO-producing cells. Our aim is to define possible long-lasting functional changes in PASMC or EPO-producing cells (measured as EPO plasma levels) and, further, to analyse CBCC functional alterations. We used 3- to 4-month-old rats born and reared in a normal atmosphere or exposed to perinatal hyperoxia (55-60% O2 for the last 5-6 days of pregnancy and 4 weeks after birth). Perinatal hyperoxia causes an almost complete loss of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), which was correlated with lung oxidative status in early postnatal life and prevented by antioxidant supplementation in the diet. O2 -sensitivity of K(+) currents in the PASMC of hyperoxic animals is normal, indicating that their inhibition is not sufficient to trigger HPV. Perinatal hyperoxia also abrogated responses elicited by hypoxia on catecholamine and cAMP metabolism in the CB. An increase in EPO plasma levels elicited by hypoxia was identical in hyperoxic and control animals, implying a normal functioning of EPO-producing cells. The loss of HPV observed in adult rats and caused by perinatal hyperoxia, comparable to oxygen therapy in premature infants, might represent a previously unrecognized complication of such a medical intervention capable of aggravating medical conditions such as regional pneumonias, atelectases or general anaesthesia in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Prieto-Lloret
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología/Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
| | - Maria Ramirez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología/Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
| | - Elena Olea
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología/Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
| | - Javier Moral-Sanz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Facultad de Medicina, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias/Instituto de Salud CIII, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Facultad de Medicina, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias/Instituto de Salud CIII, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Castañeda
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología/Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
| | - Sara Yubero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología/Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
| | - Teresa Agapito
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología/Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
| | - Angela Gomez-Niño
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología/Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
| | - Asuncion Rocher
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología/Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
| | - Ricardo Rigual
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología/Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
| | - Ana Obeso
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología/Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Facultad de Medicina, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias/Instituto de Salud CIII, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Constancio González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología/Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
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59
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Schmidt S, Liu G, Liu G, Yang W, Honisch S, Pantelakos S, Stournaras C, Hönig A, Lang F. Enhanced Orai1 and STIM1 expression as well as store operated Ca2+ entry in therapy resistant ovary carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4799-810. [PMID: 25015419 PMCID: PMC4148100 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying therapy resistance of tumor cells include protein kinase Akt. Putative Akt targets include store-operated Ca2+-entry (SOCE) accomplished by pore forming ion channel unit Orai1 and its regulator STIM1. We explored whether therapy resistant (A2780cis) differ from therapy sensitive (A2780) ovary carcinoma cells in Akt, Orai1, and STIM1 expression, Ca2+-signaling and cell survival following cisplatin (100μM) treatment. Transcript levels were quantified with RT-PCR, protein abundance with Western blotting, cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i) with Fura-2-fluorescence, SOCE from increase of [Ca2+]i following Ca2+-readdition after Ca2+-store depletion, and apoptosis utilizing flow cytometry. Transcript levels of Orai1 and STIM1, protein expression of Orai1, STIM1, and phosphorylated Akt, as well as SOCE were significantly higher in A2780cis than A2780 cells. SOCE was decreased by Akt inhibitor III (SH-6, 10μM) in A2780cis but not A2780 cells and decreased in both cell lines by Orai1 inhibitor 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-ABP, 50μM). Phosphatidylserine exposure and late apoptosis following cisplatin treatment were significantly lower in A2780cis than A2780 cells, a difference virtually abolished by SH-6 or 2-ABP. In conclusion, Orai1/STIM1 expression and function are increased in therapy resistant ovary carcinoma cells, a property at least in part due to enhanced Akt activity and contributing to therapy resistance in those cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schmidt
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, D72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, D72076 Tübingen, Germany
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60
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Wang X, Liu J, Jin NA, Xu D, Wang J, Han Y, Yin N. Fructus Corni extract-induced neuritogenesis in PC12 cells is associated with the suppression of stromal interaction molecule 1 expression and inhibition of Ca 2+ influx. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1773-1779. [PMID: 26136892 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructus Corni (Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.) is commonly prescribed as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that possesses pharmacological actions against inflammation, diabetic nephropathy, tumors, oxidation and aging. However, its function and mode of action within the nervous system remain largely unclear. In this study, the effects of Fructus Corni extract (FCE) on neuronal differentiation were investigated. It was found that FCE significantly increased the percentage of PC12 cells bearing neurites (P<0.001). Following the generation of neurite outgrowth, FCE treatment decreased the mRNA expression of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1; P<0.05) and suppressed the expression of STIM1 protein (P<0.001). In addition, extracellular calcium (Ca2+) influx was inhibited resulting in a reduction in the intracellular Ca2+ level, suggesting that the inhibition of Ca2+ influx may be involved in the FCE-promoted neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. These results demonstrate that FCE induces neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells and that this is associated with the suppression of STIM1 expression and the inhibition of Ca2+ influx, which may partially explain the FCE-induced neuritogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xushi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital of Hubei, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital of Hubei, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, P.R. China
| | - N A Jin
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital of Hubei, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, P.R. China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital of Hubei, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, P.R. China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital of Hubei, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, P.R. China
| | - Yongming Han
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Nina Yin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
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Fernandez RA, Wan J, Song S, Smith KA, Gu Y, Tauseef M, Tang H, Makino A, Mehta D, Yuan JXJ. Upregulated expression of STIM2, TRPC6, and Orai2 contributes to the transition of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from a contractile to proliferative phenotype. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C581-93. [PMID: 25673771 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00202.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease that, if left untreated, eventually leads to right heart failure and death. Elevated pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) in patients with PAH is mainly caused by an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Sustained vasoconstriction and excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling are two major causes for elevated PVR in patients with PAH. Excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling is mediated by increased proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) due to PASMC dedifferentiation from a contractile or quiescent phenotype to a proliferative or synthetic phenotype. Increased cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]cyt) in PASMC is a key stimulus for cell proliferation and this phenotypic transition. Voltage-dependent Ca(2+) entry (VDCE) and store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) are important mechanisms for controlling [Ca(2+)]cyt. Stromal interacting molecule proteins (e.g., STIM2) and Orai2 both contribute to SOCE and we have previously shown that STIM2 and Orai2, specifically, are upregulated in PASMC from patients with idiopathic PAH and from animals with experimental pulmonary hypertension in comparison to normal controls. In this study, we show that STIM2 and Orai2 are upregulated in proliferating PASMC compared with contractile phenotype of PASMC. Additionally, a switch in Ca(2+) regulation is observed in correlation with a phenotypic transition from contractile PASMC to proliferative PASMC. PASMC in a contractile phenotype or state have increased VDCE, while in the proliferative phenotype or state PASMC have increased SOCE. The data from this study indicate that upregulation of STIM2 and Orai2 is involved in the phenotypic transition of PASMC from a contractile state to a proliferative state; the enhanced SOCE due to upregulation of STIM2 and Orai2 plays an important role in PASMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby A Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ilinois; Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ilinois
| | - Shanshan Song
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ilinois; Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Kimberly A Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ilinois
| | - Yali Gu
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Mohammad Tauseef
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Haiyang Tang
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Ayako Makino
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ilinois; Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ilinois; Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; and Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
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62
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Lang F, Gawaz M, Borst O. The serum- & glucocorticoid-inducible kinase in the regulation of platelet function. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:181-90. [PMID: 24947805 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is expressed in megakaryocytes and circulating platelets. In megakaryocytes, SGK1 activates transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), which in turn stimulates expression of Orai1, a Ca(2+) channel protein accomplishing store-operated Ca(2+) enrty (SOCE). SGK1 enhances SOCE and several Ca(2+) -sensitive platelet functions, including degranulation, integrin αII b β3 activation, phosphatidylserine exposure, aggregation and thrombus formation. As shown in other cell types, stimulators of SGK1 expression include ischaemia, oxidative stress, hyperglycaemia, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and a variety of hormones such as glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), interleukin 6 (IL-6), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), thrombin and endothelin. Thus, SGK1-sensitive Ca(2+) signalling may contribute to altered platelet function in several clinical conditions including inflammation, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure. Nevertheless, further studies are needed defining the contribution of altered SGK1 expression and activity to physiology and pathophysiology of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Lang
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - M. Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - O. Borst
- Department of Physiology; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
- Department of Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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63
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Tang H, Chen J, Fraidenburg DR, Song S, Sysol JR, Drennan AR, Offermanns S, Ye RD, Bonini MG, Minshall RD, Garcia JGN, Machado RF, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Deficiency of Akt1, but not Akt2, attenuates the development of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 308:L208-20. [PMID: 25416384 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00242.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vascular remodeling, mainly attributable to enhanced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, is a major cause for elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure in patients with pulmonary hypertension. The signaling cascade through Akt, comprised of three isoforms (Akt1-3) with distinct but overlapping functions, is involved in regulating cell proliferation and migration. This study aims to investigate whether the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and particularly which Akt isoform, contributes to the development and progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH). Compared with the wild-type littermates, Akt1(-/-) mice were protected against the development and progression of chronic HPH, whereas Akt2(-/-) mice did not demonstrate any significant protection against the development of HPH. Furthermore, pulmonary vascular remodeling was significantly attenuated in the Akt1(-/-) mice, with no significant effect noted in the Akt2(-/-) mice after chronic exposure to normobaric hypoxia (10% O2). Overexpression of the upstream repressor of Akt signaling, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), and conditional and inducible knockout of mTOR in smooth muscle cells were also shown to attenuate the rise in right ventricular systolic pressure and the development of right ventricular hypertrophy. In conclusion, Akt isoforms appear to have a unique function within the pulmonary vasculature, with the Akt1 isoform having a dominant role in pulmonary vascular remodeling associated with HPH. The PTEN/Akt1/mTOR signaling pathway will continue to be a critical area of study in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, and specific Akt isoforms may help specify therapeutic targets for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jiwang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dustin R Fraidenburg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shanshan Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Justin R Sysol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Abigail R Drennan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Richard D Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Roberto F Machado
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ayako Makino
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
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64
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Olschewski A, Papp R, Nagaraj C, Olschewski H. Ion channels and transporters as therapeutic targets in the pulmonary circulation. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 144:349-68. [PMID: 25108211 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary circulation is a low pressure, low resistance, high flow system. The low resting vascular tone is maintained by the concerted action of ion channels, exchangers and pumps. Under physiological as well as pathophysiological conditions, they are targets of locally secreted or circulating vasodilators and/or vasoconstrictors, leading to changes in expression or to posttranslational modifications. Both structural changes in the pulmonary arteries and a sustained increase in pulmonary vascular tone result in pulmonary vascular remodeling contributing to morbidity and mortality in pediatric and adult patients. There is increasing evidence demonstrating the pivotal role of ion channels such as K(+) and Cl(-) or transient receptor potential channels in different cell types which are thought to play a key role in vasoconstrictive remodeling. This review focuses on ion channels, exchangers and pumps in the pulmonary circulation and summarizes their putative pathophysiological as well as therapeutic role in pulmonary vascular remodeling. A better understanding of the mechanisms of their actions may allow for the development of new options for attenuating acute and chronic pulmonary vasoconstriction and remodeling treating the devastating disease pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Experimental Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
| | - Rita Papp
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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65
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Medarametla V, Festin S, Sugarragchaa C, Eng A, Naqwi A, Wiedmann T, Zisman LS. PK10453, a nonselective platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibitor, prevents the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2014; 4:82-102. [PMID: 25006424 DOI: 10.1086/674881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling pathway has been found to be activated in human pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and in animal models of the disease. Our study tested the hypothesis that a novel, nonselective inhaled PDGF receptor inhibitor, PK10453, would decrease pulmonary hypertension both in the rat monocrotaline (MCT) model and the rat MCT plus pneumonectomy (MCT+PN) model of PAH. PK10453, delivered by inhalation for 4 (D4)- and 8 (D8)-minute exposures 3 times a day for 2 weeks, decreased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) in both the rat MCT and rat MCT+PN models: RVSP was 80.4 ± 2.6 mmHg in the vehicle MCT group (n = 6), 44.4 ± 5.8 mmHg in the D4 MCT group (n = 6), and 37.1 ± 4.5 mmHg in the D8 MCT group (n = 5; P < 0.001 vs. vehicle); RVSP was 75.7 ± 7.1 mmHg in the vehicle MCT+PN group (n = 9), 40.4 ± 2.7 mmHg in the D4 MCT+PN group (n = 10), and 43.0 ± 3.0 mmHg in the D8 MCT+PN group (n = 8; P < 0.001). In the rat MCT+PN model, continuous telemetry monitoring of pulmonary artery pressures also demonstrated that PK10453 prevented the progression of PAH. Imatinib given by inhalation was equally effective in the MCT model but was not effective in the MCT+PN model. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated increased activation of the PDGFβ receptor compared to the PDGFα receptor in neointimal and perivascular lesions found in the MCT+PN model. We show that imatinib is selective for the PDGFα receptor, whereas PK10453 has a lower half-maximal inhibitor concentration (IC50) for inhibition of kinase activity of both the PDGFα and PDGFβ receptors compared to imatinib. In conclusion, PK10453, when delivered by inhalation, significantly decreased the progression of PAH in the rat MCT and MCT+PN models. Nonselective inhibition of both the PDGFα and PDGFβ receptors may have a therapeutic advantage over selective PDGFα receptor inhibition in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amir Naqwi
- MSP Corporation, Shoreview, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Lawrence S Zisman
- Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, New York, USA ; Pulmokine, Rensselaer, New York, USA ; Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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66
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Billaud M, Lohman AW, Johnstone SR, Biwer LA, Mutchler S, Isakson BE. Regulation of cellular communication by signaling microdomains in the blood vessel wall. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:513-69. [PMID: 24671377 DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.007351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become increasingly clear that the accumulation of proteins in specific regions of the plasma membrane can facilitate cellular communication. These regions, termed signaling microdomains, are found throughout the blood vessel wall where cellular communication, both within and between cell types, must be tightly regulated to maintain proper vascular function. We will define a cellular signaling microdomain and apply this definition to the plethora of means by which cellular communication has been hypothesized to occur in the blood vessel wall. To that end, we make a case for three broad areas of cellular communication where signaling microdomains could play an important role: 1) paracrine release of free radicals and gaseous molecules such as nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species; 2) role of ion channels including gap junctions and potassium channels, especially those associated with the endothelium-derived hyperpolarization mediated signaling, and lastly, 3) mechanism of exocytosis that has considerable oversight by signaling microdomains, especially those associated with the release of von Willebrand factor. When summed, we believe that it is clear that the organization and regulation of signaling microdomains is an essential component to vessel wall function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Billaud
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA 22902.
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67
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Liu X, Wang G, You Z, Qian P, Chen H, Dou Y, Wei Z, Chen Y, Mao C, Zhang J. Inhibition of hypoxia-induced proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells by a mTOR siRNA-loaded cyclodextrin nanovector. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4401-16. [PMID: 24582377 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is a key pathophysiological component of vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), an intractable disease, for which pharmacotherapy is limited and only slight improvement in survival outcomes have achieved over the past few decades. RNA interference provides a highly promising strategy to the treatment of this chronic lung disease, while efficient delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) remains a key challenge for the development of clinically acceptable siRNA therapeutics. With the aim to construct useful nanomedicines, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) siRNA was loaded into hybrid nanoparticles based on low molecular weight (Mw) polyethylenimine (PEI) and a pH-responsive cyclodextrin material (Ac-aCD) or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). This hybrid nanoplatform gave rise to desirable siRNA loading, and the payload release could be modulated by the hydrolysis characteristics of carrier materials. Fluorescence observation and flow cytometry quantification suggested that both Ac-aCD and PLGA nanovectors (NVs) may enter PASMCs under either normoxia or hypoxia conditions as well as in the presence of serum, with uptake and transfection efficiency significantly higher than those of cationic vectors such as PEI with Mw of 25 kDa (PEI25k) and Lipofectamine 2000 (Lipo 2k). Hybrid Ac-aCD or PLGA NV containing siRNA remarkably inhibited proliferation and activated apoptosis of hypoxic PASMCs, largely resulting from effective suppression of mTOR signaling as evidenced by significantly lowered expression of mTOR mRNA and phosphorylated protein. Moreover, these hybrid nanomedicines were more effective than commonly used cationic vectors like PEI25k and Lipo 2k, with respect to cell growth inhibition, apoptosis activation, and expression attenuation of mTOR mRNA and protein. Therefore, mTOR siRNA nanomedicines based on hybrid Ac-aCD or PLGA NV may be promising therapeutics for diseases related to hypoxic abnormal growth of PASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Liu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Guansong Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Zaichun You
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Pin Qian
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Huaping Chen
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yin Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhenghua Wei
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Chengde Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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68
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Umemura M, Baljinnyam E, Feske S, De Lorenzo MS, Xie LH, Feng X, Oda K, Makino A, Fujita T, Yokoyama U, Iwatsubo M, Chen S, Goydos JS, Ishikawa Y, Iwatsubo K. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) regulates melanoma proliferation and cell migration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89292. [PMID: 24586666 PMCID: PMC3931742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a major mechanism of Ca2+ import from extracellular to intracellular space, involving detection of Ca2+ store depletion in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by stromal interaction molecule (STIM) proteins, which then translocate to plasma membrane and activate Orai Ca2+ channels there. We found that STIM1 and Orai1 isoforms were abundantly expressed in human melanoma tissues and multiple melanoma/melanocyte cell lines. We confirmed that these cell lines exhibited SOCE, which was inhibited by knockdown of STIM1 or Orai1, or by a pharmacological SOCE inhibitor. Inhibition of SOCE suppressed melanoma cell proliferation and migration/metastasis. Induction of SOCE was associated with activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and was inhibited by inhibitors of calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) or Raf-1, suggesting that SOCE-mediated cellular functions are controlled via the CaMKII/Raf-1/ERK signaling pathway. Our findings indicate that SOCE contributes to melanoma progression, and therefore may be a new potential target for treatment of melanoma, irrespective of whether or not Braf mutation is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Umemura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail: (KI); (MU)
| | - Erdene Baljinnyam
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mariana S. De Lorenzo
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Xianfeng Feng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kayoko Oda
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ayako Makino
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujita
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mizuka Iwatsubo
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Suzie Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology, Susan Lehman Cullen Laboratory of Cancer Research in the Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - James S. Goydos
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kousaku Iwatsubo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KI); (MU)
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69
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Role of Akt signaling pathway in delayed cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2013; 155:2063-70; discussion 2069-70. [PMID: 23873121 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-013-1808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Akt plays an important role in cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis and other activities. It also has been involved in maintaining smooth muscle cell contraction phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. Recent studies have focused on the inhibition of Akt in acute vasospasm and neuronal apoptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, its role in delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS) has not been reported. METHODS In this study, using a "two-hemorrhage" rat model of SAH, we examined the expression of p-Akt and the formation of vasospasm in the basilar arteries. To investigate the possible role of Akt in phenotypic switching, we performed immunohistochemical staining to examine expressions of SMα-actin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), markers of smooth muscle phenotypic switching. RESULTS We found that the basilar arteries exhibited vasospasm after SAH and that vasospasm became most severe on day 7 after SAH. Elevated protein expression of p-Akt was detected 4 days after SAH induction, peaked on day 7, and recovered on day 21, which was in a parallel time course to the development of DCVS. Moreover, results of immunohistochemical staining revealed enhanced expression of PCNA but gradual reduction in expression of SMα-actin from day 1 to day 7 after SAH; then, the expressions of PCNA and SMα-actin gradually recovered until day 21. CONCLUSIONS These results support a novel mechanism in which the Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in the proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) rather than inducing phenotype switching in basilar arteries, which promotes the development of DCVS after SAH.
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Ay AS, Benzerdjerb N, Sevestre H, Ahidouch A, Ouadid-Ahidouch H. Orai3 constitutes a native store-operated calcium entry that regulates non small cell lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72889. [PMID: 24058448 PMCID: PMC3772818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Orai channels have been associated with cell proliferation, survival and metastasis in several cancers. The present study investigates the expression and the role of Orai3 in cell proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We show that Orai3 is over-expressed in cancer tissues as compared to the non-tumoral ones. Furthermore, Orai3 staining is stronger in high grade tumors. Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of Orai3 significantly reduced store operated calcium entry (SOCE), inhibited cell proliferation and arrested cells of two NSCLC cell lines in G0/G1 phase. These effects were concomitant with a down-regulation of cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK4 and CDK2 expression. Moreover, Orai3 silencing decreased Akt phosphorylation levels. In conclusion, Orai3 constitutes a native SOCE pathway in NSCLC that controls cell proliferation and cell cycle progression likely via Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Ay
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, LPCM: EA 4667, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED 4231), UFR of Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Nazim Benzerdjerb
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, LPCM: EA 4667, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED 4231), UFR of Sciences, Amiens, France
- Pathological Anatomy and Cytology Service, Amiens North Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Henri Sevestre
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, LPCM: EA 4667, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED 4231), UFR of Sciences, Amiens, France
- Pathological Anatomy and Cytology Service, Amiens North Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Ahmed Ahidouch
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, LPCM: EA 4667, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED 4231), UFR of Sciences, Amiens, France
- Department of Biology, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, LPCM: EA 4667, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED 4231), UFR of Sciences, Amiens, France
- * E-mail:
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71
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von Gise A, Archer SL, Maclean MR, Hansmann G. The first Keystone Symposia Conference on pulmonary vascular isease and right ventricular dysfunction: Current concepts and future therapies. Pulm Circ 2013; 3:275-7. [PMID: 24015328 PMCID: PMC3757822 DOI: 10.4103/2045-8932.114751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Collins HE, Zhu-Mauldin X, Marchase RB, Chatham JC. STIM1/Orai1-mediated SOCE: current perspectives and potential roles in cardiac function and pathology. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H446-58. [PMID: 23792674 PMCID: PMC3891250 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00104.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca²⁺ entry (SOCE) is critical for Ca²⁺ signaling in nonexcitable cells; however, its role in the regulation of cardiomyocyte Ca²⁺ homeostasis has only recently been investigated. The increased understanding of the role of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) in regulating SOCE combined with recent studies demonstrating the presence of STIM1 in cardiomyocytes provides support that this pathway co-exists in the heart with the more widely recognized Ca²⁺ handling pathways associated with excitation-contraction coupling. There is now substantial evidence that STIM1-mediated SOCE plays a key role in mediating cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, both in vitro and in vivo, and there is growing support for the contribution of SOCE to Ca²⁺ overload associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury. Here, we provide an overview of our current understanding of the molecular regulation of SOCE and discuss the evidence supporting the role of STIM1/Orai1-mediated SOCE in regulating cardiomyocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Collins
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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73
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Lang F, Münzer P, Gawaz M, Borst O. Regulation of STIM1/Orai1-dependent Ca2+ signalling in platelets. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:925-30. [PMID: 23846758 DOI: 10.1160/th13-02-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Platelet secretion and aggregation as well as thrombus formation of blood platelets critically depend on increase of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) mainly resulting from intracellular Ca2+ release followed by store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) through Ca2+ release activated channels (CRAC). SOCE is in part accomplished by the pore forming unit Orai and its regulator stromal interaction molecule (STIM). Orai1 and STIM1 transcription is stimulated by NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B). Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) up-regulates NF-κB-activity in megakaryocytes and thus Orai1-expression and SOCE in platelets. SGK1 is thus a powerful regulator of platelet Ca2+-signalling and thrombus formation and presumably participates in the regulation of platelet activation by a variety of hormones as well as clinical conditions (e.g. type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome) associated with platelet hyperaggregability and increased risk of thromboocclusive events. SOCE in platelets is further regulated by scaffolding protein Homer and chaperone protein cyclophilin A (CyPA). Additional potential regulators of Orai1/STIM1 and thus SOCE in platelets include AMP activated kinase (AMPK), protein kinase A (PKA), reactive oxygen species, lipid rafts, pH and mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering. Future studies are required defining the significance of those mechanisms for platelet Orai1 abundance and function, for SOCE into platelets and for platelet function in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lang
- Florian Lang, MD, Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Tel.: +49 7071 29 72194, Fax: +49 7071 29 5618, E-mail:
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74
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Mukherjee S, Duan F, Kolb MRJ, Janssen LJ. Platelet derived growth factor-evoked Ca2+ wave and matrix gene expression through phospholipase C in human pulmonary fibroblast. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1516-24. [PMID: 23618877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The primary role of fibroblasts is production and degradation of extracellular matrix, and thus it helps in the structural framework of tissues. The close relation between fibroblast malfunction and many diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and fibrosis is widely accepted. Fibroblasts are known to respond to different growth factors and cytokines including platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF). However, the intracellular signaling mechanisms are not entirely clear. In addition to complex phosphorylation-driven signaling pathways, PDGF is also known to work through Ca(2+) signaling. We hypothesize that in human pulmonary fibroblasts, Ca(2+) waves play an important role in PDGF-mediated changes. To test this hypothesis, we treated human pulmonary fibroblasts, obtained from the lungs of ten donors, with PDGF acutely or overnight plus/minus a variety of blockers under various conditions. Ca(2+) waves were monitored by confocal [Ca(2+)]i fluorimetry, while gene expression of extracellular matrix genes was assessed via RT-PCR method. We found that both acute and overnight PDGF treatment evoked Ca(2+) waves. Removal of external Ca(2+) or depletion of internal Ca(2+) store using Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) completely occluded PDGF-evoked Ca(2+) waves. Ryanodine, which blocks ryanodine receptor channels, had no effect on PDGF-evoked Ca(2+) wave, whereas the phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 and Xestospongin C, a potent IP3 receptor blocker, reduced the rapid PDGF-response to a relatively slowly-developing rise in [Ca(2+)]i. We also found that PDGF dramatically increased the expression of fibronectin1 and collagen A1 genes, which was reversed by the use of CPA or U73122. Our study indicates that, in human pulmonary fibroblasts, PDGF acts through IP3-induced Ca(2+)-release to trigger Ca(2+) waves, which in turn modulate gene expression of several matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Mukherjee
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St Joseph's Hospital, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 3Z5.
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75
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López E, Berna-Erro A, Bermejo N, Brull JM, Martinez R, Garcia Pino G, Alvarado R, Salido GM, Rosado JA, Cubero JJ, Redondo PC. Long-term mTOR inhibitors administration evokes altered calcium homeostasis and platelet dysfunction in kidney transplant patients. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:636-47. [PMID: 23577651 PMCID: PMC3822816 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of the mammal target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors has been consolidated as the therapy of election for preventing graft rejection in kidney transplant patients, despite their immunosuppressive activity is less strong than anti-calcineurin agents like tacrolimus and cyclosporine A. Furthermore, as mTOR is widely expressed, rapamycin (a macrolide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus) is recommended in patients presenting neoplasia due to its antiproliferative actions. Hence, we have investigated whether rapamycin presents side effects in the physiology of other cell types different from leucocytes, such as platelets. Blood samples were drawn from healthy volunteers and kidney transplant patients long-term medicated with rapamycin: sirolimus and everolimus. Platelets were either loaded with fura-2 or directly stimulated, and immunoassayed or fixed with Laemmli's buffer to perform the subsequent analysis of platelet physiology. Our results indicate that rapamycin evokes a biphasic time-dependent alteration in calcium homeostasis and function in platelets from kidney transplant patients under rapamycin regime, as demonstrated by the reduction in granule secretion observed and subsequent impairment of platelet aggregation in these patients compared with healthy volunteers. Platelet count was also reduced in these patients, thus 41% of patients presented thrombocytopenia. All together our results show that long-term administration of rapamycin to kidney transplant patients evokes alteration in platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther López
- Cell Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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76
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Malenfant S, Neyron AS, Paulin R, Potus F, Meloche J, Provencher S, Bonnet S. Signal transduction in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2013; 3:278-93. [PMID: 24015329 PMCID: PMC3757823 DOI: 10.4103/2045-8932.114752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a unique disease. Properly speaking, it is not a disease of the lung. It can be seen more as a microvascular disease occurring mainly in the lungs and affecting the heart. At the cellular level, the PAH paradigm is characterized by inflammation, vascular tone imbalance, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis and the presence of in situ thrombosis. At a clinical level, the aforementioned abnormal vascular properties alter physically the pulmonary circulation and ventilation, which greatly influence the right ventricle function as it highly correlates with disease severity. Consequently, right heart failure remains the principal cause of death within this cohort of patients. While current treatment modestly improve patients' conditions, none of them are curative and, as of today, new therapies are lacking. However, the future holds potential new therapies that might have positive influence on the quality of life of the patient. This article will first review the clinical presentation of the disease and the different molecular pathways implicated in the pathobiology of PAH. The second part will review tomorrow's future putative therapies for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Malenfant
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Neyron
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Roxane Paulin
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - François Potus
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Jolyane Meloche
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group of the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
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77
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Firth AL, Won JY, Park WS. Regulation of ca(2+) signaling in pulmonary hypertension. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 17:1-8. [PMID: 23439762 PMCID: PMC3579099 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH) remains imperative if we are to successfully improve the quality of life and life span of patients with the disease. A whole plethora of mechanisms are associated with the development and progression of PH. Such complexity makes it difficult to isolate one particular pathway to target clinically. Changes in intracellular free calcium concentration, the most common intracellular second messenger, can have significant impact in defining the pathogenic mechanisms leading to its development and persistence. Signaling pathways leading to the elevation of [Ca(2+)](cyt) contribute to pulmonary vasoconstriction, excessive proliferation of smooth muscle cells and ultimately pulmonary vascular remodeling. This current review serves to summarize the some of the most recent advances in the regulation of calcium during pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Firth
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
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78
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Ruhle B, Trebak M. Emerging roles for native Orai Ca2+ channels in cardiovascular disease. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2013; 71:209-35. [PMID: 23890117 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407870-3.00009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Orai proteins form highly calcium (Ca(2+))-selective channels located in the plasma membrane of both nonexcitable and excitable cells, where they make important contributions to many cellular processes. The well-characterized Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) current is mediated by Orai1 multimers and is activated, upon depletion of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive stores, by direct interaction of Orai1 with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) sensor, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1). This pathway is known as capacitative Ca(2+) entry or store-operated Ca(2+) entry. While most investigations have focused on STIM1 and Orai1 in their store-dependent mode, emerging evidence suggests that Orai1 and Orai3 heteromultimeric channels can form store-independent Ca(2+)-selective channels. The role of store-dependent and store-independent channels in excitation-transcription coupling and the pathological remodeling of the cardiovascular system are beginning to come forth. Recent evidence suggests that STIM/Orai-generated Ca(2+) signaling couples to gene transcription and subsequent phenotypic changes associated with the processes of cardiac and vascular remodeling. This short review will explore the contributions of native Orai channels to heart and vessel physiology and their role in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ruhle
- Nanobioscience Constellation, The College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
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79
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mTORC1 enhancement of STIM1-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry constrains tuberous sclerosis complex-related tumor development. Oncogene 2012; 32:4702-11. [PMID: 23108404 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The protein complex of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)1 and TSC2 tumor suppressors is a key negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Hyperactive mTOR signaling due to the loss-of-function of mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2 gene causes TSC, an autosomal dominant disorder featured with benign tumors in multiple organs. As the ubiquitous second messenger calcium (Ca(2+)) regulates various cellular processes involved in tumorigenesis, we explored the potential role of mTOR in modulation of cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, and in turn the effect of Ca(2+) signaling in TSC-related tumor development. We found that loss of Tsc2 potentiated store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) in an mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent way. The endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) sensor, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), was upregulated in Tsc2-deficient cells, and was suppressed by mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin. In addition, SOCE repressed AKT1 phosphorylation. Blocking SOCE either by depleting STIM1 or ectopically expressing dominant-negative Orai1 accelerated TSC-related tumor development, likely because of restored AKT1 activity and enhanced tumor angiogenesis. Our data, therefore, suggest that mTORC1 enhancement of store-operated Ca(2+) signaling hinders TSC-related tumor growth through suppression of AKT1 signaling. The augmented SOCE by hyperactive mTORC1-STIM1 cascade may contribute to the benign nature of TSC-related tumors. Application of SOCE agonists could thus be a contraindication for TSC patients. In contrast, SOCE agonists should attenuate mTOR inhibitors-mediated AKT reactivation and consequently potentiate their efficacy in the treatment of the patients with TSC.
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Ciuclan L, Hussey MJ, Burton V, Good R, Duggan N, Beach S, Jones P, Fox R, Clay I, Bonneau O, Konstantinova I, Pearce A, Rowlands DJ, Jarai G, Westwick J, MacLean MR, Thomas M. Imatinib attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension pathology via reduction in 5-hydroxytryptamine through inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 expression. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 187:78-89. [PMID: 23087024 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201206-1028oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Whether idiopathic, familial, or secondary to another disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by increased vascular tone, neointimal hyperplasia, medial hypertrophy, and adventitial fibrosis. Imatinib, a potent receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, reverses pulmonary remodeling in animal models of PAH and improves hemodynamics and exercise capacity in selected patients with PAH. OBJECTIVES Here we use both imatinib and knockout animals to determine the relationship between platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and serotonin signaling and investigate the PAH pathologies each mediates. METHODS We investigated the effects of imatinib (100 mg/kg) on hemodynamics, vascular remodeling, and downstream molecular signatures in the chronic hypoxia/SU5416 murine model of PAH. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Treatment with imatinib reduced all measures of PAH pathology observed in hypoxia/SU5416 mice. In addition, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1) expression were reduced compared with the normoxia/SU5416 control group. Imatinib attenuated hypoxia-induced increases in Tph1 expression in pulmonary endothelial cells in vitro via inhibition of the PDGFR-β pathway. To better understand the consequences of this novel mode of action for imatinib, we examined the development of PAH after hypoxic/SU5416 exposure in Tph1-deficient mice (Tph1(-/-)). The extensive changes in pulmonary vascular remodeling and hemodynamics in response to hypoxia/SU5416 were attenuated in Tph1(-/-) mice and further decreased after imatinib treatment. However, imatinib did not significantly further impact collagen deposition and collagen 3a1 expression in hypoxic Tph1(-/-) mice. Post hoc subgroup analysis suggests that patients with PAH with greater hemodynamic impairment showed significantly reduced 5-HT plasma levels after imatinib treatment compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS We report a novel mode of action for imatinib, demonstrating TPH1 down-regulation via inhibition of PDGFR-β signaling. Our data reveal interplay between PDGF and 5-HT pathways within PAH, demonstrating TPH1-dependent imatinib efficacy in collagen-mediated mechanisms of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Ciuclan
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Horsham, West Sussex, UK
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Pathogenic role of store-operated and receptor-operated ca(2+) channels in pulmonary arterial hypertension. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2012; 2012:951497. [PMID: 23056939 PMCID: PMC3465915 DOI: 10.1155/2012/951497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary circulation is an important circulatory system in which the body brings in oxygen. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and fatal disease that predominantly affects women. Sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction, excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling, in situ thrombosis, and increased pulmonary vascular stiffness are the major causes for the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in patients with PAH. The elevated PVR causes an increase in afterload in the right ventricle, leading to right ventricular hypertrophy, right heart failure, and eventually death. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of PAH is important for developing more effective therapeutic approach for the disease. An increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) is a major trigger for pulmonary vasoconstriction and an important stimulus for PASMC migration and proliferation which lead to pulmonary vascular wall thickening and remodeling. It is thus pertinent to define the pathogenic role of Ca2+ signaling in pulmonary vasoconstriction and PASMC proliferation to develop new therapies for PAH. [Ca2+]cyt in PASMC is increased by Ca2+ influx through Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane and by Ca2+ release or mobilization from the intracellular stores, such as sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) or endoplasmic reticulum (ER). There are two Ca2+ entry pathways, voltage-dependent Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCC) and voltage-independent Ca2+ influx through store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOC) and receptor-operated Ca2+ channels (ROC). This paper will focus on the potential role of VDCC, SOC, and ROC in the development and progression of sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH.
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82
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Koenig S, Schernthaner M, Maechler H, Kappe CO, Glasnov TN, Hoefler G, Braune M, Wittchow E, Groschner K. A TRPC3 Blocker, Ethyl-1-(4-(2,3,3-Trichloroacrylamide)Phenyl)-5-(Trifluoromethyl)-1H-Pyrazole-4-Carboxylate (Pyr3), Prevents Stent-Induced Arterial Remodeling. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 344:33-40. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.196832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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83
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Orai1 calcium channels in the vasculature. Pflugers Arch 2012; 463:635-47. [PMID: 22402985 PMCID: PMC3323825 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Orai1 was discovered in T cells as a calcium-selective channel that is activated by store depletion. Recent studies suggest that it is expressed and functionally important also in blood vessels, not only because haematopoietic cells can incorporate in the vascular wall but also because Orai1 is expressed and functional in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. This article summarises the arising observations in this new area of vascular research and debates underlying issues and challenges for future investigations. The primary focus is on vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Specific topics include Orai1 expression; Orai1 roles in store-operated calcium entry and ionic currents of store-depleted cells; blockade of Orai1-related signals by Synta 66 and other pharmacology; activation or regulation of Orai1-related signals by physiological substances and compartments; stromal interaction molecules and the relationship of Orai1 to other ion channels, transporters and pumps; transient receptor potential canonical channels and their contribution to store-operated calcium entry; roles of Orai1 in vascular tone, remodelling, thrombus formation and inflammation; and Orai2 and Orai3. Overall, the observations suggest the existence of an additional, previously unrecognised, calcium channel of the vascular wall that is functionally important particularly in remodelling but probably also in certain vasoconstrictor contexts.
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