51
|
Seo S, Shin JS, Lee WS, Rhee YK, Cho CW, Hong HD, Lee KT. Anti-colitis effect of Lactobacillus sakei K040706 via suppression of inflammatory responses in the dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice model. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
52
|
Ambrozova N, Ulrichova J, Galandakova A. Models for the study of skin wound healing. The role of Nrf2 and NF-κB. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2017; 161:1-13. [PMID: 28115750 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2016.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 and NF-κB transcription factors act in wound healing via their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects or through the immune response. Studying this process is a matter of some importance given the high cost of wound treatment. A major contribution in this regard is being made by models that enable investigation of the involvement of multiple factors in wound healing and testing new curative substances. This literature review was carried out via searches in the PubMed and Web of Science databases up to 2016. It covers skin wound healing, available models for its study (part I), the role of Nrf2 and NF-κB, substances that influence them and whether they can be used as markers (part II). Was found that in vitro assays are used for their availability but a holistic view must be established in vivo. In silico approaches are facilitating assessment of a vast amount of research data. Nfr2 and NF-κB play a crucial and reciprocal role in wound healing. Nrf2 controls repair-associated inflammation and protects against excessive accumulation of ROS while Nf-κB activates the innate immune reaction, proliferation and migration of cells, modulates expression of matrix metalloproteinases, secretion and stability of cytokines and growth factors for wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Ambrozova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Ulrichova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Adela Galandakova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Feng L, Li W, Liu Y, Jiang WD, Kuang SY, Wu P, Jiang J, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ. Protective role of phenylalanine on the ROS-induced oxidative damage, apoptosis and tight junction damage via Nrf2, TOR and NF-κB signalling molecules in the gill of fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 60:185-196. [PMID: 27888130 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the possible preventive effects of dietary phenylalanine (Phe) on antioxidant responses, apoptosis and tight junction protein transcription in the gills of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish were fed six different experimental diets containing graded levels of Phe (3.4-16.8 g kg-1) for 8 weeks. The results showed that Phe deficiency induced protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation by decreasing the glutathione content and the activities and mRNA levels of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in fish gill (P < 0.05). These results may be ascribed to the downregulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), target of rapamycin (TOR) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), and the upregulation of Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1 a (Keap1a) expression in grass carp gills (P < 0.05). Additionally, Phe deficiency induced DNA fragmentation via the up-regulation of Caspase 3, Caspase 8 and Caspase 9 mRNA expression (P < 0.05). These results may be ascribed to the improvement in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the fish gills (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the results indicated that Phe deficiency decreased Claudin b, Claudin 3, Occludin and ZO-1 transcription and increased Claudin 15 expression in the fish gills (P < 0.05). These effects were partly due to the downregulation of interleukin 10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and inhibitor factor κBα (iκBα) and the upregulation of relative mRNA expression of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 8 (IL-8), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nuclear transcription factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) (P < 0.05). Taken together, the results showed that Phe deficiency impaired the structural integrity of fish gills by regulating the expression of tight junction proteins, cytokines, antioxidant enzymes, NF-κB p65, iκBα, TOR, Nrf2, Keap1 and apoptosis-related genes in the fish gills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wen Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Liu X, Feng M, Zheng G, Gu Y, Wang C, He Z. TCRP1 expression is associated with platinum sensitivity in human lung and ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:1398-1405. [PMID: 28454268 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs, including cisplatin (DDP) and oxaliplatin (L-OHP), are among the most potent chemotherapy drugs, and are widely utilized for the treatment of human lung and ovarian cancer. However, certain patients do not respond to platinum-based agents, and even those who initially benefit from the treatment will eventually exhibit resistance to these drugs. Although certain factors have been investigated for their potential to predict platinum resistance, more effective predictors for the improved management of patients with lung and ovarian cancer are required. Tongue cancer resistance-associated protein 1 (TCRP1) is a newly identified gene, which was cloned from a multi-drug resistant cell line of tongue cancer. Previous data has shown that TCRP1 is able to mediate DDP resistance in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. However, the contribution of TCRP1 to the resistance of platinum agents in human lung and ovarian cancer cells remains to be elucidated. Our previous study showed that TCRP1 expression levels in samples of lung and ovarian cancer were significantly increased compared with normal controls. In the present study, it was demonstrated that TCRP1 contributed to the resistance to DDP and L-OHP in human lung and ovarian cancer cells. Knockdown of TCRP1 resensitized the cells to the platinum-based agents. The present study identified a positive correlation between TCRP1 expression and primary resistance to DDP and L-OHP in lung cancer cells. In addition, it was observed that cells treated with nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 displayed increased sensitivity to DDP and L-OHP. The results of the present study suggested that TCRP1 may be associated with resistance to DDP and L-OHP in lung and ovarian cancer cells, and the Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway may be involved in the functioning of TCRP1. These findings identify TCRP1 as a potential predictor of platinum resistance in the treatment of lung and ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for High-throughput Gene Sequencing of Pathogens, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guandong 518038, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Feng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Guopei Zheng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Yixue Gu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Chengkun Wang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin He
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Kim SL, Kim SH, Park YR, Liu YC, Kim EM, Jeong HJ, Kim YN, Seo SY, Kim IH, Lee SO, Lee ST, Kim SW. Combined Parthenolide and Balsalazide Have Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy Through Blockade of NF-κB Activation. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 15:141-151. [PMID: 28108625 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Balsalazide is a colon-specific prodrug of 5-aminosalicylate that is associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis. Parthenolide, a strong NF-κB inhibitor, has recently been demonstrated to be a promising therapeutic agent, promoting apoptosis of cancer cells. In the current study, the antitumor effect of balsalazide combined with parthenolide in human colorectal cancer cells and colitis-associated colon cancers (CAC) was investigated. The results demonstrate that the combination of balsalazide and parthenolide markedly suppress proliferation, nuclear translocation of NF-κB, IκB-α phosphorylation, NF-κB DNA binding, and expression of NF-κB targets. Apoptosis via NF-κB signaling was confirmed by detecting expression of caspases, p53 and PARP. Moreover, treatment of a CAC murine model with parthenolide and balsalazide together resulted in significant recovery of body weight and improvement in histologic severity. Administration of parthenolide and balsalazide to CAC mice also suppressed carcinogenesis as demonstrated by uptake of 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) using micro-PET/CT scans. These results demonstrate that parthenolide potentiates the efficacy of balsalazide through synergistic inhibition of NF-κB activation and the combination of dual agents prevents colon carcinogenesis from chronic inflammation. IMPLICATIONS This study represents the first evidence that combination therapy with balsalazide and parthenolide could be a new regimen for colorectal cancer treatment. Mol Cancer Res; 15(2); 141-51. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seong Hun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Young Ran Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yu-Chuan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hwan-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yo Na Kim
- Department of Pathology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seung Young Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - In Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seung Ok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Soo Teik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Akgül S, Erbil Y, Giris M, Alis H, Yanik BT, Olgaç V, Toker GA. The Effect of Octreotide on Pancreatic Damage in TNBS-Induced Colitis. Surg Innov 2016; 13:102-8. [PMID: 17012150 DOI: 10.1177/1553350606291337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease, a chronic condition of the intestine, is associated with numerous extraintestinal manifestations, including pancreatitis. This study investigated the effect of octreotide administration on oxidative damage in a rat model of colitis induced by 2,4,6-trini-trobenzene sulfonic (TNBS) acid. Colonic and pancreatic malondialdehyde and glutathione levels are indicators of oxidative damage, and TNBS-induced colitis significantly increased the colonic and pancreatic malondialdehyde levels and decreased glutathione levels. Octreotide treatment was associated with decreased malondialdehyde levels and increased glutathione levels in the colonic and pancreatic tissue. The colonic mucosal structure was preserved and pancreatic inflammation decreased in rats treated with octreotide. Octreotide also significantly decreased nuclear factor-kB expression by immunohisto-chemistry in the colonic and pancreatic tissue compared with TNBS-induced colitis group. Octreotide appears to have protective effects against TNBS-induced colonic and pancreatic damage. These results imply the reduction in mucosal damage owing to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of octreotide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siraç Akgül
- Department of General Surgery, Instanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Instanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Zhu C, Ling Q, Cai Z, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Hoffmann PR, Zheng W, Zhou T, Huang Z. Selenium-Containing Phycocyanin from Se-Enriched Spirulina platensis Reduces Inflammation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis by Inhibiting NF-κB Activation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5060-5070. [PMID: 27223481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) plays an important role in fine-tuning immune responses. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves hyperresponsive immunity of the digestive tract, and a low Se level might aggravate IBD progression; however, the beneficial effects of natural Se-enriched diets on IBD remain unknown. Previously, we developed high-yield Se-enriched Spirulina platensis (Se-SP) as an excellent organic nutritional Se source. Here we prepared Se-containing phycocyanin (Se-PC) from Se-SP and observed that Se-PC administration effectively reduced the extent of colitis in mouse induced by dextran sulfate sodium. Supplementation with Se-PC resulted in significant protective effects, including mitigation of body weight loss, bloody diarrhea, and colonic inflammatory damage. The anti-inflammatory effects of Se-PC supplementation were found to involve modulation of cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-10. Mechanistically, Se-PC inhibited the activation of macrophages by suppressing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, which is involved in the transcription of these pro-inflammatory cytokines. These results together suggest potential benefits of Se-PC as a functional Se supplement to reduce the symptoms of IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qinjie Ling
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhihui Cai
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii , Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tianhong Zhou
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Curcumin mediates oxaliplatin-acquired resistance reversion in colorectal cancer cell lines through modulation of CXC-Chemokine/NF-κB signalling pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24675. [PMID: 27091625 PMCID: PMC4835769 DOI: 10.1038/srep24675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to oxaliplatin (OXA) is a complex process affecting the outcomes of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated with this drug. De-regulation of the NF-κB signalling pathway has been proposed as an important mechanism involved in this phenomenon. Here, we show that NF-κB was hyperactivated in in vitro models of OXA-acquired resistance but was attenuated by the addition of Curcumin, a non-toxic NF-κB inhibitor. The concomitant combination of Curcumin + OXA was more effective and synergistic in cell lines with acquired resistance to OXA, leading to the reversion of their resistant phenotype, through the inhibition of the NF-κB signalling cascade. Transcriptomic profiling revealed the up-regulation of three NF-κB-regulated CXC-chemokines, CXCL8, CXCL1 and CXCL2, in the resistant cells that were more efficiently down-regulated after OXA + Curcumin treatment as compared to the sensitive cells. Moreover, CXCL8 and CXCL1 gene silencing made resistant cells more sensitive to OXA through the inhibition of the Akt/NF-κB pathway. High expression of CXCL1 in FFPE samples from explant cultures of CRC patients-derived liver metastases was associated with response to OXA + Curcumin. In conclusion, we suggest that combination of OXA + Curcumin could be an effective treatment, for which CXCL1 could be used as a predictive marker, in CRC patients.
Collapse
|
59
|
Böhringer M, Pohlers S, Schulze S, Albrecht-Eckardt D, Piegsa J, Weber M, Martin R, Hünniger K, Linde J, Guthke R, Kurzai O. Candida albicans infection leads to barrier breakdown and a MAPK/NF-κB mediated stress response in the intestinal epithelial cell line C2BBe1. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:889-904. [PMID: 26752615 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) form a tight barrier to the gut lumen. Paracellular permeability of the intestinal barrier is regulated by tight junction proteins and can be modulated by microorganisms and other stimuli. The polymorphic fungus Candida albicans, a frequent commensal of the human mucosa, has the capacity of traversing this barrier and establishing systemic disease within the host. Infection of polarized C2BBe1 IEC with wild-type C. albicans led to a transient increase of transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) before subsequent barrier disruption, accompanied by a strong decline of junctional protein levels and substantial, but considerably delayed cytotoxicity. Time-resolved microarray-based transcriptome analysis of C. albicans challenged IEC revealed a prominent role of NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways in the response to infection. Hence, we inferred a gene regulatory network based on differentially expressed NF-κB and MAPK pathway components and their predicted transcriptional targets. The network model predicted activation of GDF15 by NF-κB was experimentally validated. Furthermore, inhibition of NF-κB activation in C. albicans infected C2BBe1 cells led to enhanced cytotoxicity in the epithelial cells. Taken together our study identifies NF-κB activation as an important protective signalling pathway in the response of epithelial cells to C. albicans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Böhringer
- Septomics Research Centre, Friedrich Schiller University and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Susann Pohlers
- Septomics Research Centre, Friedrich Schiller University and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Sylvie Schulze
- Research Group Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Judith Piegsa
- Septomics Research Centre, Friedrich Schiller University and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Weber
- Septomics Research Centre, Friedrich Schiller University and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Ronny Martin
- Septomics Research Centre, Friedrich Schiller University and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hünniger
- Septomics Research Centre, Friedrich Schiller University and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Linde
- Research Group Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhard Guthke
- Research Group Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver Kurzai
- Septomics Research Centre, Friedrich Schiller University and Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.,German National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Koh SJ, Choi Y, Kim BG, Lee KL, Kim DW, Kim JH, Kim JW, Kim JS. Matricellular Protein Periostin Mediates Intestinal Inflammation through the Activation of Nuclear Factor κB Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149652. [PMID: 26890265 PMCID: PMC4758640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Periostin is a matricellular protein that interacts with various integrin molecules on the cell surface. Although periostin is expressed in inflamed colonic mucosa, its role in the regulation of intestinal inflammation remains unclear. We investigated the role of periostin in intestinal inflammation using Postn-deficient (Postn-/-) mice. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were transfected by Postn small interfering RNAs. Periostin expression was determined in colon tissue samples from ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Oral administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or rectal administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, induced severe colitis in wild-type mice, but not in Postn-/- mice. Administration of recombinant periostin induced colitis in Postn-/- mice. The periostin neutralizing-antibody ameliorated the severity of colitis in DSS-treated wild-type mice. Silencing of Postn inhibited inteleukin (IL)-8 mRNA expression and NF-κB DNA-binding activity in IECs. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α upregulated mRNA expression of Postn in IECs, and recombinant periostin strongly enhanced IL-8 expression in combination with TNF-α, which was suppressed by an antibody against integrin αv (CD51). Periostin and CD51 were expressed at significantly higher levels in UC patients than in controls. Periostin mediates intestinal inflammation through the activation of NF-κB signaling, which suggests that periostin is a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Joon Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Younjeong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong Gwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kook Lae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (JSK); (JWK)
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (JSK); (JWK)
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Bolla P, Abraham A, Pérez P, de los Angeles Serradell M. Kefir-isolated bacteria and yeasts inhibit Shigella flexneri invasion and modulate pro-inflammatory response on intestinal epithelial cells. Benef Microbes 2016; 7:103-110. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of a kefir-isolated microbial mixture containing three bacterial and two yeast strains (MM) to protect intestinal epithelial cells against Shigella flexneri invasion, as well as to analyse the effect on pro-inflammatory response elicited by this pathogen. A significant decrease in S. flexneri strain 72 invasion was observed on both HT-29 and Caco-2 cells pre-incubated with MM. Pre-incubation with the individual strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae CIDCA 8112 or Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CIDCA 8221 also reduced the internalisation of S. flexneri into HT-29 cells although in a lesser extent than MM. Interestingly, Lactobacillus plantarum CIDCA 83114 exerted a protective effect on the invasion of Caco-2 and HT-29 cells by S. flexneri. Regarding the pro-inflammatory response on HT-29 cells, S. flexneri infection induced a significant activation of the expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) encoding genes (P<0.05), whereas incubation of cells with MM did not induce the expression of any of the mediators assessed. Interestingly, pre-incubation of HT-29 monolayer with MM produced an inhibition of S. flexneri-induced IL-8, CCL20 and TNF-α mRNA expression. In order to gain insight on the effect of MM (or the individual strains) on this pro-inflammatory response, a series of experiments using a HT-29-NF-κB-hrGFP reporter system were performed. Pre-incubation of HT-29-NF-κB-hrGFP cells with MM significantly dampened Shigella-induced activation. Our results showed that the contribution of yeast strain Kluyveromyces marxianus CIDCA 8154 seems to be crucial in the observed effect. In conclusion, results presented in this study demonstrate that pre-treatment with a microbial mixture containing bacteria and yeasts isolated from kefir, resulted in inhibition of S. flexneri internalisation into human intestinal epithelial cells, along with the inhibition of the signalling via NF-κB that in turn led to the attenuation of the inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P.A. Bolla
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, La Plata, CP 1900, Argentina
- División Química Analítica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, La Plata, CP 1900, Argentina
| | - A.G. Abraham
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), CCT-La Plata, CONICET, 47 y 116, La Plata, CP 1900, Argentina
- Área de Bromatología y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, La Plata, CP 1900, Argentina
| | - P.F. Pérez
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, La Plata, CP 1900, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), CCT-La Plata, CONICET, 47 y 116, La Plata, CP 1900, Argentina
| | - M. de los Angeles Serradell
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, La Plata, CP 1900, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Jiang WD, Tang RJ, Liu Y, Kuang SY, Jiang J, Wu P, Zhao J, Zhang YA, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhou XQ, Feng L. Manganese deficiency or excess caused the depression of intestinal immunity, induction of inflammation and dysfunction of the intestinal physical barrier, as regulated by NF-κB, TOR and Nrf2 signalling, in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:406-416. [PMID: 26072140 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal mucosal immune components and mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines, tight junction proteins, antioxidant enzymes and related signalling molecules in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) under dietary manganese (Mn) deficiency or excess were investigated. Fish were fed the diets containing graded levels of Mn [3.65-27.86 mg Mn kg(-1) diet] for 8 weeks. The results demonstrated that Mn deficiency significantly decreased the lysozyme and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, up-regulated tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 8 and the signalling factor nuclear factor-κB p65, and down-regulated interleukin 10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor β1, inhibitor of signalling factors κB-α and target of rapamycin mRNA levels in the proximal intestine (PI), mid intestine (MI) and distal intestine (DI). However, Mn deficiency did not change the C3 content in the PI, whereas it decreased the C3 contents in the MI and DI. Additionally, Mn depletion also resulted in significantly low mRNA levels for tight junction proteins (claudin-b, claudin-c, claudin-15, occludin and zonula occludens-1), antioxidant enzymes (MnSOD, GPx and CAT) and NF-E2-related factor-2 in the intestines of fish. Excessive Mn exhibited toxic effects similar to Mn deficiency, where optimal Mn contents reversed those indicators. In conclusion, Mn deficiency or excess causes the depression of intestinal immunity, induction of inflammation and dysfunction of the intestinal physical barrier relating to NF-κB, TOR and Nrf2 signalling in grass carp. Furthermore, quadratic regression analysis at 95% maximum response of lysozyme and acid phosphatase activities in the distal intestine of young grass carp revealed the optimum dietary Mn levels to be 8.90 and 8.99 mg kg(-1) diet, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ren-Jun Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Jiang Y, Zhang W, Gao F, Zhou G. Effect of sodium butyrate on intestinal inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide in broiler chickens. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas-2014-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Jiang, Y., Zhang, W., Gao, F. and Zhou, G. 2015. Effect of sodium butyrate on intestinal inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide in broiler chickens. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 389–395. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium butyrate (SB) supplementation on intestinal inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in broiler chickens. A total of 120 one-day-old chickens (Arbor Acres) were divided into two groups and fed a control diet (without SB) or 1.00 g SB kg−1 diet. Half of the chickens fed each diet were injected intra-peritoneally with 0.5 g kg−1 body weight of Escherichia coli LPS at 16, 18 and 20 d of age. The results showed that the LPS challenge decreased (P<0.05) villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C ratio), increased (P<0.01) crypt depth of the duodenum. SB supplementation increased (P<0.05) villus height, crypt depth and V/C ratio of the duodenum and jejunum, except for the crypt depth of the jejunum. The LPS challenge increased (P<0.05) myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) levels in mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum, while decreasing (P<0.05) insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. The LPS challenge increased (P<0.05) the mRNA levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in duodenal mucosa. SB supplementation decreased (P<0.05) the MPO activities and mRNA expression of TNF-α in the duodenal mucosa, and the activated NF-κB levels in mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum. There were no significant interactions between dietary SB and LPS on the histomorphology of the small intestine and those inflammatory mediators except for MPO and ICAM-1 in duodenal mucosa (P<0.05). The results indicate that SB supplementation could improve the intestinal morphology and function of broiler chickens and partially attenuate inflammatory responses caused by LPS challenge but not involving NF-κB activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- Ginling College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, People's Republic of China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Weihui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Feng L, Li W, Liu Y, Jiang WD, Kuang SY, Jiang J, Tang L, Wu P, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ. Dietary phenylalanine-improved intestinal barrier health in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is associated with increased immune status and regulated gene expression of cytokines, tight junction proteins, antioxidant enzymes and related signalling molecules. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:495-509. [PMID: 25979603 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present work evaluated the effects of dietary phenylalanine (Phe) on the intestinal immune response, tight junction proteins transcript abundance, and the gene expression of immune- and antioxidant-related signalling molecules in the intestine. In addition, the dietary Phe (and Phe + Tyr) requirement of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was also estimated. Fish were fed fish meal-casein-gelatin based diets (302.3 g crude protein kg(-1)) containing 3.4 (basal diet), 6.1, 9.1, 11.5, 14.0 and 16.8 g Phe kg(-1) with a fixed amount of 10.7 g tyrosine kg(-1) for 8 weeks. The results showed that Phe deficiency or excess Phe reduced the lysozyme and acid phosphatase activities and complement C 3 content in the intestine (P < 0.05). Moreover, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin and claudin c mRNA levels were highest in the fish fed the diet containing 11.5 g Phe kg(-1) (P < 0.05). However, claudin 12 and claudin b mRNA levels were not significantly affected by dietary Phe (P > 0.05). Gene expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), target of rapamycin (TOR) and inhibitor of nuclear factor κBα (IκBα) in proximal intestine (PI), mid intestine (MI) and distal intestine (DI) increased as dietary Phe increased up to 6.1, 9.1, 11.5 and 14.0 g kg(-1), respectively (P < 0.05). However, interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) mRNA levels showed opposite tendencies. In addition, the mRNA level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly lower in the intestinal tissue of the group fed a diet with Phe levels of 16.8 g kg(-1) than in those of other groups (P < 0.05). The expression of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene was increased as dietary Phe increased up to 9.1 g kg(-1) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Phe improved intestinal immune status, and regulated gene expression of cytokines, tight junction proteins, antioxidant enzymes, NF-κB p65, IκBα, TOR, and Nrf2 in the fish intestine. Based on the quadratic regression analysis of lysozyme activity at a 95% maximum, the dietary Phe requirement of young grass carp (256-629 g) was estimated to be 8.31 g kg(-1), corresponding to 2.75 g 100 g(-1) protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wen Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Choi Y, Koh SJ, Lee HS, Kim JW, Gwan Kim B, Lee KL, Kim JS. Roxithromycin inhibits nuclear factor kappaB signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress in intestinal epithelial cells and ameliorates experimental colitis in mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:1664-71. [PMID: 26088864 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215591829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Roxithromycin is known to have anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activity. However, little information is available on the effect of roxithromycin in intestinal inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of roxithromycin on NF- κB signaling and ER stress in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and the effect of roxithromycin on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis in a murine model. HCT116 cells and COLO205 cells were pretreated with roxithromycin and then stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Interleukin (IL)-8 expression was determined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) DNA-binding activity and IκB phosphorylation/degradation were evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and Western blot analysis. The molecular markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress, including p-JNK, phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (p-eIF2α), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) were evaluated using western blotting and PCR. Mice were given 4% DSS for five days with or without roxithromycin. Primary IECs were isolated from mice with DSS-induced colitis. Roxithromycin significantly inhibited the upregulated expression of IL-8. Pretreatment with roxithromycin markedly attenuated NF-κB DNA-binding activity and IκB phosphorylation/degradation. CHOP and XBP1 mRNA expression were enhanced in the presence of TNF-α, and it was dampened by pretreatment of roxithromycin. c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and the level of p-eIF2α were also downregulated by the pretreatment of roxithromycin. Roxithromycin significantly reduced the severity of DSS-induced murine colitis, as assessed by the disease activity index, colon length, and histology. In addition, the DSS-induced phospho-IκB kinase activation was significantly decreased in roxithromycin-pretreated mice. Finally, IκB degradation was reduced in primary IECs from mice treated with roxithromycin. These results suggest that roxithromycin may have potential usefulness in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Younjeong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-707, Korea
| | - Seong-Joon Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-707, Korea
| | - Hee Sook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-707, Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-707, Korea
| | - Byeong Gwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-707, Korea
| | - Kook Lae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-707, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Kim SJ, Shin HJ, Lee GH, Kim DS, Kim HL, Park J, Jung Y, Youn DH, Kang J, Hong SH, Um JY. Beneficial effects of the traditional medicine Igongsan and its constituent ergosterol on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3549-3556. [PMID: 26005209 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease and is considered a chronic gastrointestinal disorder. Igongsan (IGS) is a Korean herbal medicine, which has been used to treat digestive disorders. However, the ameliorative effect and molecular mechanisms of IGS in intestinal inflammation have not yet been studied in detail. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of IGS and its constituent, ergosterol, in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‑induced colitis. Colitis was induced in mice by supplementing their drinking water with 5% (w/v) DSS for 7 days. The effects of IGS were then determined on DSS‑induced clinical signs of colitis, including weight loss, colon shortening, diarrhea and obscure/gross bleeding. In addition, the effects of IGS were determined on the expression levels of inflammation‑associated genes in the colon tissue of DSS‑treated mice. The results of the present study demonstrated that mice treated with DSS exhibited marked clinical symptoms, including weight loss and reduced colon length. Treatment with IGS attenuated these symptoms and also suppressed the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor‑α and interleukin‑6, as well as the expression of cyclooxygenase‑2 in the colon tissue of DSS‑treated mice. IGS also reduced the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor‑κB p65 in the colon tissue of DSS‑treated mice. In addition, ergosterol was shown to attenuate the DSS‑induced clinical symptoms of colitis in mice. In conclusion, the present study provided experimental evidence that IGS may be a useful therapeutic drug for patients with UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kim
- Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Daegu Hanny University, Yugok‑dong, Kyungsan 712‑715, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Shin
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun‑Gu, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seung Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Lin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun‑Gu, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun‑Gu, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunu Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun‑Gu, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Youn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun‑Gu, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwook Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun‑Gu, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun‑Gu, Seoul 130‑701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Evidence for inhibition of nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase in Caco-2 and RAW 264.7 cells by a Maillard reaction product [5-(5,6-dihydro-4H-pyridin-3-ylidenemethyl)furan-2-yl]-methanol. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 406:205-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
68
|
Subversion of human intestinal mucosa innate immunity by a Crohn's disease-associated E. coli. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:572-81. [PMID: 25269707 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), associated with Crohn's disease, are likely candidate contributory factors in the disease. However, signaling pathways involved in human intestinal mucosa innate host response to AIEC remain unknown. Here we use a 3D model of human intestinal mucosa explant culture to explore the effects of the AIEC strain LF82 on two innate immunity platforms, i.e., the inflammasome through evaluation of caspase-1 status, and NFκB signaling. We showed that LF82 bacteria enter and survive within a few intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages, without altering the mucosa overall architecture. Although 4-h infection with a Salmonella strain caused crypt disorganization, caspase-1 activation, and mature IL-18 production, LF82 bacteria were unable to activate caspase-1 and induce IL-18 production. In parallel, LF82 bacteria activated NFκB signaling in epithelial cells through IκBα phosphorylation, NFκBp65 nuclear translocation, and TNFα secretion. In addition, NFκB activation was crucial for the maintenance of epithelial homeostasis upon LF82 infection. In conclusion, here we decipher at the whole-mucosa level the mechanisms of the LF82-induced subversion of innate immunity that, by maintaining host cell integrity, ensure intracellular bacteria survival.
Collapse
|
69
|
Minuti A, Zhou Z, Graugnard DE, Rodriguez-Zas SL, Palladino AR, Cardoso FC, Trevisi E, Loor JJ. Acute mammary and liver transcriptome responses after an intramammary Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide challenge in postpartal dairy cows. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/4/e12388. [PMID: 25921778 PMCID: PMC4425984 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the effect of an intramammary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on the bovine mammary and liver transcriptome and its consequences on metabolic biomarkers and liver tissue composition. At 7 days of lactation, 7 cows served as controls (CTR) and 7 cows (LPS) received an intramammary Escherichia coli LPS challenge. The mammary and liver tissues for transcriptomic profiling were biopsied at 2.5 h from challenge. Liver composition was evaluated at 2.5 h and 7 days after challenge, and blood biomarkers were analyzed at 2, 3, 7 and 14 days from challenge. In mammary tissue, the LPS challenge resulted in 189 differentially expressed genes (DEG), with 20 down-regulated and 169 up-regulated. In liver tissue, there were 107 DEG in LPS compared with CTR with 42 down-regulated and 65 up-regulated. In mammary, bioinformatics analysis highlighted that LPS led to activation of NOD-like receptor signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, RIG-I-like receptor signaling and apoptosis pathways. In liver, LPS resulted in an overall inhibition of fatty acid elongation in mitochondria and activation of the p53 signaling pathway. The LPS challenge induced changes in liver lipid composition, a systemic inflammation (rise of blood ceruloplasmin and bilirubin), and an increase in body fat mobilization. The data suggest that cells within the inflamed mammary gland respond by activating mechanisms of pathogen recognition. However, in the liver the response likely depends on mediators originating from the udder that affect liver functionality and specifically fatty acid metabolism (β-oxidation, ketogenesis, and lipoprotein synthesis).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Minuti
- Istituto di Zootecnica Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Daniel E Graugnard
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Sandra L Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | | | - Felipe C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Istituto di Zootecnica Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Della Penna SL, Rosón MI, Toblli JE, Fernández BE. Role of angiotensin II and oxidative stress in renal inflammation by hypernatremia: Benefits of atrial natriuretic peptide, losartan, and tempol. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:383-96. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1006216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
71
|
Zhang Y, Wang Y, Lu M, Qiao X, Sun B, Zhang W, Xue D. Modular analysis of bioinformatics demonstrates a critical role for NF-κB in macrophage activation. Inflammation 2015; 37:1240-53. [PMID: 24577727 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To achieve the goal of identifying the gene groups that regulated macrophage activation, a total of 925 differentially expressed genes of activated macrophages were found at the intersection of the three series (GSE5099-1, GSE5099-2, and GSE18686) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and a sub-network was constructed based on the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Four communities (K = 3) were identified from the sub-network using the CFinder software. Community 1 was considered as the gene group of interest base on the heat map. GO-BP and KEGG enrichment analysis with the DAVID software showed that the functions of the 14 genes in community 1 were mainly related to the NF-κB pathway. A network was constructed using the Cytoscape software. The diagram showed that STAT1, NFKBIA, NFKAIB, JUN, and RELA were the key genes in the regulation of macrophage activation. Among these genes, RELA (NF-κB P65) was an important member of the NF-κB family, while NFKBIA (IκBα) and NFKAIB (IκBβ) were the inhibitory factors of NF-κB. Small molecules capable of regulating these five genes were identified via the CMap software, and a network diagram was generated using the Cytoscape software to provide a reference for the development of new drugs that regulate macrophage activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Perey AC, Weishaar IM, McGee DW. The effect of ROCK on TNF-α-induced CXCL8 secretion by intestinal epithelial cell lines is mediated through MKK4 and JNK signaling. Cell Immunol 2015; 293:80-6. [PMID: 25577341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) play a role in mucosal inflammatory responses by producing important chemokines like CXCL8 when stimulated by TNF-α. Previously, we found that IEC cell lines required the Rho-associated kinase, ROCK, for CXCL8 responses after IL-1 stimulation. This study extends these findings by showing that inhibiting ROCK suppressed TNF-α-induced CXCL8 secretion by Caco-2 and DLD1 colonic epithelial cell lines and CXCL8 mRNA levels in Caco-2 cells. RNAi knockdown experiments indicated that the inhibitory effect was mediated by ROCK2, and not ROCK1. Inhibiting ROCK had no effect on TNF-stimulated IκBα phosphorylation and degradation or p38 MAPK phosphorylation indicating that ROCK plays no role in these signaling pathways. However, inhibiting ROCK suppressed TNF-induced phosphorylation of the p54 JNK isoform and phosphorylation of the upstream MKK4 kinase. These results suggest that ROCK is required for CXCL8 responses by TNF-stimulated IEC by affecting intracellular signaling through MKK4 and JNK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Perey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Isabelle M Weishaar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA
| | - Dennis W McGee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University (SUNY), Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Koh SJ, Kim JW, Kim BG, Lee KL, Im JP, Kim JS. Fluoxetine inhibits hyperresponsive lamina propria mononuclear cells and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, and ameliorates chronic colitis in IL-10-deficient mice. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:101-8. [PMID: 25146842 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We aimed to study the effect of fluoxetine on chronic colitis and its anti-inflammatory mechanism in interleukin-10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mice. METHODS IL-10(-/-) mice were administered with either the vehicle or one of the two dosages of fluoxetine (1 or 5 mg/kg) by oral gavage daily for 2 weeks. Lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) were isolated from IL-10(-/-) mice treated with or without fluoxetine, and cytokine expression was measured. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) isolated from IL-10(-/-), and wild-type mice were pretreated with fluoxetine and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. IL-12p40 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α gene expression was determined by real-time PCR. DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS Fluoxetine significantly reduced intestinal inflammation as assessed by body weight, colon length, and histopathological grading, and it inhibited the level of TNF-α gene expression in IL-10(-/-) mice. LPMCs were isolated from IL-10(-/-) mice, and cellular expression of IL-12p40 and interferon-γ was suppressed by fluoxetine treatment. Fluoxetine significantly inhibited IL-12p40 and TNF-α gene expression and protein secretion in BMDCs from IL-10(-/-) mice. DNA-binding activity of NF-κB was suppressed by fluoxetine pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that fluoxetine ameliorates intestinal inflammation in IL-10(-/-) mice and inhibits hyperresponsive LPMCs and BMDCs, which suggests that fluoxetine could be a potential therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Joon Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 5 Gil 20, Boramae-Road, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 156-707, South Korea,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Koh SJ, Kim JW, Kim BG, Lee KL, Chun J, Kim JS. Fexofenadine regulates nuclear factor-κB signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress in intestinal epithelial cells and ameliorates acute and chronic colitis in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 352:455-61. [PMID: 25538104 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.217844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fexofenadine on intestinal inflammation. HCT116 and COLO205 cells were pretreated with fexofenadine and then stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Interleukin (IL)-8 expression was determined by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-κB was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The molecular markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were evaluated by Western blot analysis and PCR. In the acute colitis model, mice were given 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 5 days with or without fexofenadine. IL-10(-/-) mice were used to evaluate the effect of fexofenadine on chronic colitis. Fexofenadine significantly inhibited the upregulated expression of IL-8 in HCT116 and COLO205 cells stimulated with TNF-α. Fexofenadine suppressed nuclear factor-κB DNA-binding activity. C/EBP homologous protein mRNA expression was enhanced in the presence of TNF-α, and it was dampened by pretreatment of fexofenadine. In addition, the induction of ER stress markers caspase-12 and p-eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2)-α was significantly suppressed by the pretreatment of fexofenadine. Administration of fexofenadine significantly reduced the severity of DSS-induced murine colitis, as assessed by the disease activity index, colon length, and histology. In addition, the DSS-induced phospho-IκB kinase activation was significantly decreased in fexofenadine-pretreated mice. Finally, fexofenadine significantly reduced the severity of colitis and the immunoreactivity of caspase-12 and p-eIF2-α in IL-10(-/-) mice as compared with controls. These results suggest that fexofenadine is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Joon Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital (S.-J.K., J.W.K., B.G.K., K.L.L.) and Liver Research Institute (J.C., J.S.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital (S.-J.K., J.W.K., B.G.K., K.L.L.) and Liver Research Institute (J.C., J.S.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong Gwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital (S.-J.K., J.W.K., B.G.K., K.L.L.) and Liver Research Institute (J.C., J.S.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kook Lae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital (S.-J.K., J.W.K., B.G.K., K.L.L.) and Liver Research Institute (J.C., J.S.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital (S.-J.K., J.W.K., B.G.K., K.L.L.) and Liver Research Institute (J.C., J.S.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital (S.-J.K., J.W.K., B.G.K., K.L.L.) and Liver Research Institute (J.C., J.S.K.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Štofilová J, Szabadosová V, Hrčková G, Salaj R, Bertková I, Hijová E, Strojný L, Bomba A. Co-administration of a probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 CCM7766 with prebiotic inulin alleviates the intestinal inflammation in rats exposed to N,N-dimethylhydrazine. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 24:361-368. [PMID: 25536541 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of preventive administration of a probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum LS/07 CCM7766 alone or in combination with prebiotic inulin or with flax-seed oil in the gut of rats, which developed chronic inflammation following administration of the pro-carcinogen N,N-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). After 28weeks administration of probiotic/prebiotic-containing diet, rats were killed and their colons were examined by immunohistological criteria, whereas cytokines were determined in the jejunal mucosa. Application of DMH triggered the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α, expression of pro-inflammatory mediators NF-κB, COX-2 and iNOS and caused depletion of goblet cells. Supplementing the diet with L. plantarum and its combination with the prebiotic abolished DMH-induced inflammatory process in the jejunal mucosa by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and by stimulation of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine synthesis, whereas concentration of TGF-β1 was not influenced significantly. Diet prevented a decrease in goblet cell numbers but numbers of mast cells were lowered only moderately. However, combined treatment of rats with L. plantarum and flax-seed oil had no significant effect on the parameters examined, except for decreased expression of NF-κB, in comparison with the negative control. Results indicate that the preventive administration of probiotic L. plantarum LS/07 CCM7766 alone or in combination with prebiotic inulin to rats with DMH-induced chronic inflammation can reduce inflammatory process in the jejunal and colon mucosa, probably indirectly, and involves down-regulation of synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppression of NF-κB activity in mucosal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Štofilová
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Viktória Szabadosová
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Gabriela Hrčková
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Parasitology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Rastislav Salaj
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Izabela Bertková
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Emília Hijová
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ladislav Strojný
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Alojz Bomba
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Chung KS, Choi HE, Shin JS, Cho EJ, Cho YW, Choi JH, Baek NI, Lee KT. Chemopreventive effects of standardized ethanol extract from the aerial parts of Artemisia princeps Pampanini cv. Sajabal via NF-κB inactivation on colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 75:14-23. [PMID: 25449198 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is an underlying risk factor of colon cancer, and NF-κB plays a critical role in the development of inflammation-associated colon cancer in an AOM/DSS mouse model. The aim of this study was to determine whether the standardized ethanol extract obtained from the aerial parts of Artemisia princeps Pampanini cv. Sajabal (EAPP) is effective at preventing inflammation-associated colon cancer, and if so, to identify the signaling pathways involved. In the present study, protective efficacy of EAPP on tumor formation and the infiltrations of monocytes and macrophages in colons of an AOM/DSS mouse model were evaluated. It was found that colitis and tumor burdens showed statistically meaningful improvements after EAPP administration. Furthermore, these improvements were accompanied by a reduction in NF-κB activity and in the levels of NF-κB-dependent pro-survival proteins, that is, survivin, cFLIP, XIAP, and Bcl-2. In vitro, EAPP significantly reduced NF-κB activation and the levels of IL-1β and IL-8 mRNA and pro-survival proteins in HT-29 and HCT-116 colon cancer cells. Furthermore, EAPP caused caspase-dependent apoptosis. Based on these results, the authors suggest EAPP suppresses inflammatory responses and induces apoptosis partly via NF-κB inactivation, and that EAPP could be useful for the prevention of colitis-associated tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Eun Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eu-Jin Cho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Wuk Cho
- Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Plant Metabolism Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
The central role of the gut microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:689492. [PMID: 25309932 PMCID: PMC4189530 DOI: 10.1155/2014/689492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The commensal microbiota is in constant interaction with the immune system, teaching immune cells to respond to antigens. Studies in mice have demonstrated that manipulation of the intestinal microbiota alters host immune cell homeostasis. Additionally, metagenomic-sequencing analysis has revealed alterations in intestinal microbiota in patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, and obesity. Perturbations in the microbiota composition result in a deficient immune response and impaired tolerance to commensal microorganisms. Due to altered microbiota composition which is associated to some inflammatory diseases, several strategies, such as the administration of probiotics, diet, and antibiotic usage, have been utilized to prevent or ameliorate chronic inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this review is to present and discuss recent evidence showing that the gut microbiota controls immune system function and onset, development, and resolution of some common inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
78
|
Lee KH, Park M, Ji KY, Lee HY, Jang JH, Yoon IJ, Oh SS, Kim SM, Jeong YH, Yun CH, Kim MK, Lee IY, Choi HR, Ko KS, Kang HS. Bacterial β-(1,3)-glucan prevents DSS-induced IBD by restoring the reduced population of regulatory T cells. Immunobiology 2014; 219:802-12. [PMID: 25092569 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial β-(1,3)-glucan has more advantages in terms of cost, yield and efficiency than that derived from mushrooms, plants, yeasts and fungi. We have previously developed a novel and high-yield β-(1,3)-glucan produced by Agrobacterium sp. R259. This study aimed to elucidate the functional mechanism and therapeutic efficacy of bacterial β-(1,3)-glucan in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Mice were orally pretreated with bacterial β-(1,3)-glucan at daily doses of 2.5 or 5mg/kg for 2 weeks. After 6 days of DSS treatment, clinical assessment of IBD severity and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. In vivo cell proliferation was examined by immunohistochemistry using Ki-67 and ER-TR7 antibodies. The frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) was analyzed by flow cytometry. Natural killer (NK) activity and IgA level were evaluated using NK cytotoxicity assay and ELISA.The deterioration of body weight gain, colonic architecture, disease score and histological score was recovered in DSS-induced IBD mice when pretreated with bacterial β-(1,3)-glucan. The recruitment of macrophages and the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17A/F, were markedly decreased in the colon of β-(1,3)-glucan-pretreated mice. β-(1,3)-Glucan induced the recovery of Tregs in terms of their frequency in DSS-induced IBD mice. Intriguingly, β-(1,3)-glucan reversed the functional defects of NK cells and excessive IgA production in DSS-induced IBD mice.We conclude that bacterial β-(1,3)-glucan prevented the progression of DSS-induced IBD by recovering the reduction of Tregs, functional defect of NK cells and excessive IgA production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Ho Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-75, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-75, Republic of Korea
| | - Kon-Young Ji
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-75, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Youn Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-75, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-75, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Joo Yoon
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-75, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Su Oh
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-75, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Man Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-75, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hwa Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-75, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Yun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-75, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kim
- Naturence Co., Ltd. Tanchun Industrial Complex, Road 69, Tanchun-myeon, Gongju-City, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Young Lee
- Naturence Co., Ltd. Tanchun Industrial Complex, Road 69, Tanchun-myeon, Gongju-City, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Rim Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Nambu University, Gwangju 506-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-sung Ko
- Department of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-75, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Intestinal mucosal barrier is injured by BMP2/4 via activation of NF-κB signals after ischemic reperfusion. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:901530. [PMID: 25132736 PMCID: PMC4124715 DOI: 10.1155/2014/901530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemic reperfusion (I/R) can cause dysfunction of the intestinal mucosal barrier; however, the mechanism of the intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction caused by I/R remains unclear. In this study, using intestinal epithelial cells under anaerobic cultivation and an in vivo rat intestinal I/R model, we found that hypoxia and I/R increased the expression of BMP2/4 and upregulated BMP type Ia receptor and BMP type II receptor expression. We also found that exogenous BMP2/4 can activate the ERK and AKT signaling pathways in rat small intestine (IEC-6) cells, thereby activating NF-κB signaling, which leads to increased levels of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α and IL-6. Furthermore, recombinant BMP2/4 decreased the expression of the tight junction protein occludin via the activation of the NF-κB pathway; these effects were abolished by treatment with the BMP-specific antagonist noggin or the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). All these factors can destroy the intestinal mucosal barrier, thereby leading to weaker barrier function. On the basis of these data, we conclude that BMP2/4 may act as the pathogenic basis for intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction when the intestines suffer an I/R injury. Our results provide background for the development pharmacologic interventions in the management of I/R injury.
Collapse
|
80
|
Hor YT, Voon DCC, Koo JKW, Wang H, Lau WM, Ashktorab H, Chan SL, Ito Y. A role for RUNX3 in inflammation-induced expression of IL23A in gastric epithelial cells. Cell Rep 2014; 8:50-8. [PMID: 25008775 PMCID: PMC4307917 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX3 functions as a tumor suppressor in the gastric epithelium, where its inactivation is frequently observed during carcinogenesis. We identified IL23A as a RUNX3 target gene in gastric epithelial cells. This was confirmed in a series of in vitro analyses in gastric epithelial cell lines. In elucidating the underlying regulatory network, we uncovered a prominent role for the TNF-α/NF-κB pathway in activating IL23A transcription. Moreover, the activating effect of TNF-α was markedly augmented by the infection of Helicobacter pylori, the primary cause of human gastritis. Of note, H. pylori utilized the CagA/SHP2 pathway to activate IL23A, as well as the induction of the NOD1 pathway by iE-DAP. Importantly, RUNX3 synergized strongly with these physiologically relevant stimuli to induce IL23A. Lastly, we present evidence for the secretion of IL23A by gastric epithelial cells in a form that is distinct from canonical IL-23 (IL23A/IL12B).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yit Teng Hor
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Programme, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Dominic Chih-Cheng Voon
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Programme, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Jason Kin Wai Koo
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Programme, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Huajing Wang
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Programme, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Wen Min Lau
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Programme, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Cancer Center and Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Avenue N.W., Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Shing Leng Chan
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Programme, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Programme, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Shi S, Wang H, Gao H, Li Z, Chen FX, Zuo XL, Li YQ. Increased gap density predicts weakness of the epithelial barrier in vivo by confocal laser endomicroscopy in indomethacin-induced enteropathy. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:1398-405. [PMID: 24573719 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The intestinal epithelial barrier plays an important role in the pathogenesis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy, and its disruption is often associated with increased cell shedding. The purpose of this report is to observe the gap density in indomethacin-induced small intestinal damage by confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) and to investigate the mechanisms involved in this process and how mucosal protectants improve intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. CLE is expected to provide a new way for evaluating non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced enteropathy in humans and assessing drug efficacy. METHODS Using the new technique of CLE, we established a method to evaluate, in real time, intestinal damage after the administration of indomethacin in Wistar rats by investigating the gap density in the small intestine. The mucosal protectant teprenone and acid-suppressant rabeprazole were then given by gavage before and after the administration of indomethacin, and the mechanisms affecting the intestinal epithelial barrier were investigated. RESULTS Using CLE, gaps could be clearly observed and easily distinguished from goblet cells. Gap density was increased after the administration of indomethacin. During this process, the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor-κB, and caspase-3 was up-regulated and the expression of tight junctions was down-regulated, which led to the damage of the epithelial barrier. Teprenone and rabeprazole could intervene in this pathway and protect the integrity of the epithelial barrier. CONCLUSIONS CLE can be objective, accurate, and real time in investigating gap density. Teprenone and rabeprazole can prevent indomethacin-induced intestinal lesions and protect the epithelial barrier by intervening in the tumor necrosis factor-α pathway. Gap density was expected to be an indicator of evaluating intestinal inflammation and drug efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, No. 107, Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
Chen X, Yu G, Fan S, Bian M, Ma H, Lu J, Jin L. Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide activates nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and induces cytokine production via Toll-like receptors. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 105:113-20. [PMID: 24708959 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the mechanism of macrophage activation by the Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide (SFPS). As a result, SFPS significantly enhanced cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) productions in peritoneal macrophages, and stimulated macrophages to produce the cytokines and NO through the induction of their genes expression. The pretreatment of peritoneal macrophages with special antibodies [Toll-like receptors (TLRs) antibody] significantly blocked SFPS-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and NO production. Furthermore, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a specific inhibitor of NF-κB, effectively suppressed SFPS-induced TNF-α and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) secretion in peritoneal macrophages, indicating that SFPS stimulated macrophages to produce cytokines through the NF-κB pathway and the result was further confirmed by the experiment of Western blotting (WB) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Taken together, these results suggest that SFPS-mediated induction of cytokines and NO production in macrophages is mediated, at least in part, by TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Chen
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Guoqing Yu
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Sairong Fan
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Manman Bian
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huijun Ma
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jianxin Lu
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Liqin Jin
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Laboratory Medicine & Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Liu F, Fang J, Shao X, Liang Y, Wu Y, Jin Y. Electroacupuncture exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in a rat tissue chamber model of inflammation via suppression of NF-κB activation. Acupunct Med 2014; 32:340-5. [PMID: 24820260 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2013-010460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electroacupuncture (EA) has beneficial effects in patients with various inflammatory diseases. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. As the kappa B inhibitor/nuclear factor-kappa B (IκB/NF-κB) pathway exerts a pivotal role in the mammalian immune response, we examined the involvement of the IκB/NF-κB pathway in EA-induced anti-inflammation. METHODS Ninety tissue chamber implanted rats were randomly divided into control (C), model (M) and EA (E) groups. Physiological saline and human recombinant interleukin-1β (hr IL-1β) were injected into the rats in groups C and M, respectively, and EA treatment was applied to the rats in group E after IL-1β injection. Nuclear staining of p65 (a subunit of NF-κB) was quantified in the exudate cells by immunohistochemical analysis and IκBα expression in the cytoplasm was quantified by western blot analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that, compared with group C, the percentage of cells with nuclear-localised p65 was increased in group M by 71.3%, 50.7% and 33.1% at 1, 5 and 24 h time points (p<0.01), respectively. This increase was fully inhibited in group E at 5 and 24 h time points (p<0.01). The expression of IκBα was stably enhanced in group M (p<0.05) during the test period. Compared with group M, greater expression of IκBα in group E was only observed at the 1 h time point (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggest that EA inhibits the nuclear translocation of p65 and increases the expression of IκBα, which leads to the suppression of NF-κB activation in a rat tissue chamber model of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Provicine, China Department of acu-moxibusion, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiao Fang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Provicine, China
| | - Xiaomei Shao
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Provicine, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Provicine, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Provicine, China
| | - Yabei Jin
- Department of acu-moxibusion, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Koh SJ, Kim JM, Kim IK, Ko SH, Kim JS. Anti-inflammatory mechanism of metformin and its effects in intestinal inflammation and colitis-associated colon cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:502-10. [PMID: 24716225 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of metformin on intestinal inflammation. METHODS COLO205 cells were pretreated with metformin and stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Expression of interleukin (IL)-8 was determined by luciferase assay and real-time PCR. Inhibitor of kappaB (IκB) phosphorylation/degradation and adenosine monohosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity were evaluated by Western blotting. DNA-binding activity of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. In an acute colitis model, mice were given 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 5 days. IL-10−/− mice were used to evaluate the effect of metformin on chronic colitis. In an inflamation-associated tumor model, mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane followed by three cycles of 2% DSS for 5 days and 2 weeks of free water consumption. RESULTS Metformin significantly inhibited IL-8 induction in COLO 205 cells stimulated with TNF-α. Metformin attenuated IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB DNA-binding activity. Administration of metformin significantly reduced the severity of DSS-induced colitis. In addition, DSS-induced IκB kinase (IKK) activation was significantly reduced in mice treated with metformin. Metformin significantly attenuated the severity of colitis in IL-10−/− mice, induced AMPK activity in intestinal epithelial cells, and inhibited the development of colitic cancer in mice. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that metformin suppresses NF-κB activation in intestinal epithelial cells and ameliorates murine colitis and colitis-associated tumorigenesis in mice, suggesting that metformin could be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
|
85
|
Nata T, Fujiya M, Ueno N, Moriichi K, Konishi H, Tanabe H, Ohtake T, Ikuta K, Kohgo Y. MicroRNA-146b improves intestinal injury in mouse colitis by activating nuclear factor-κB and improving epithelial barrier function. J Gene Med 2014; 15:249-60. [PMID: 23813877 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise role of microRNAs in inflammatory disease is not clear. The present study investigated the effect of microRNA (miR-146b) with respect to improving intestinal inflammation. METHODS The microRNA profile in interleukin-10 deficient mice was examined using microRNA arrays and miR-146b was selected for the subsequent experiments. The expression vectors containing either the whole sequence of miR-146b or small interfering RNA for miR-146b were intraperitoneally administered to the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse. The expression levels of inflammation-related mediators were examined by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis. Intestinal barrier function was evaluated by an ex vivo mannitol flux study. RESULTS The overexpression of miR-146b activated the NF-κB pathway, improved epithelial barrier function, relieved intestinal inflammation in the DSS-induced colitis mice, and improved the survival rate of mice with lethal colitis. Furthermore, this amelioration of intestinal inflammation by miR-146b was negated by the inhibitor for the NF-κB pathway. The overexpression of miR-146b decreased the expression of siah2, which has a target sequence for miR-146b, and promoted the ubiquitination of TRAF proteins. This suggests that the up-regulation of NF-κB by miR-146b was mediated by inhibition of the ubiquitination of TRAF proteins upstream of NF-κB. CONCLUSIONS miR-146b improves intestinal inflammation by up-regulating NF-κB as a result of the decreased expression of siah2, which ubiquitinates TRAF proteins. Modulation of the miR-146b expression is a potentially useful therapy for the treatment of intestinal inflammation via activation of the NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshie Nata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Santos Rocha C, Gomes-Santos AC, Garcias Moreira T, de Azevedo M, Diniz Luerce T, Mariadassou M, Longaray Delamare AP, Langella P, Maguin E, Azevedo V, Caetano de Faria AM, Miyoshi A, van de Guchte M. Local and systemic immune mechanisms underlying the anti-colitis effects of the dairy bacterium Lactobacillus delbrueckii. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85923. [PMID: 24465791 PMCID: PMC3897545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several probiotic bacteria have been proposed for treatment or prevention of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), showing a protective effect in animal models of experimental colitis and for some of them also in human clinical trials. While most of these probiotic bacteria are isolated from the digestive tract, we recently reported that a Lactobacillus strain isolated from cheese, L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis CNRZ327 (Lb CNRZ327), also possesses anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating that common dairy bacteria may be useful in the treatment or prevention of IBD. Here, we studied the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of Lb CNRZ327 in vivo, in a mouse dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis model. During colitis, Lb CNRZ327 modulated the production of TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-12 in colonic tissue and of TGF-β and IL-6 in the spleen, and caused an expansion of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the cecal lymph nodes. Moreover, a strong tendency to CD4+Foxp3+ expansion was also observed in the spleen. The results of this study for the first time show that orally administered dairy lactobacilli can not only modulate mucosal but also systemic immune responses and constitute an effective treatment of IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Santos Rocha
- Department of General Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Ana Cristina Gomes-Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thais Garcias Moreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcela de Azevedo
- Department of General Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tessalia Diniz Luerce
- Department of General Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Philippe Langella
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of General Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Caetano de Faria
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anderson Miyoshi
- Department of General Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maarten van de Guchte
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Li YJ, Yu CH, Li JB, Wu XY. Andrographolide antagonizes cigarette smoke extract-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells through induction of microRNA-218. Exp Lung Res 2013; 39:463-71. [PMID: 24298938 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2013.857443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Andrographolide is a major bioactive labdane diterpenoid isolated from Andrographis paniculata and has protective effects against cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung injury. This study was done to determine whether such protective effects were mediated through modulation of microRNA (miR)-218 expression. Therefore, we exposed human alveolar epithelial A549 cells to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) with or without andrographolide pretreatment and measured the level of glutathione, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation, proinflammatory cytokine production, and miR-218 expression. We found that andrographolide pretreatment significantly restored the glutathione level in CSE-exposed A549 cells, coupled with reduced inhibitor κB (IκB)-α phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation and interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6 secretion. The miR-218 expression was significantly upregulated by andrographolide pretreatment. To determine the biological role of miR-218, we overexpressed and downregulated its expression using miR-218 mimic and anti-miR-218 inhibitor, respectively. We observed that miR-218 overexpression led to a marked reduction in IκB-α phosphorylation, p65 nuclear accumulation, and NF-κB-dependent transcriptional activity in CSE-treated A549 cells. In contrast, miR-218 silencing enhanced IκB-α phosphorylation and p65 nuclear accumulation in cells with andrographolide pretreatment and reversed andrographolide-mediated reduction of IL-6 and IL-8 production. In addition, depletion of miR-218 significantly reversed the upregulation of glutathione levels in A549 cells by andrographolide. Taken together, our results demonstrate that andrographolide mitigates CSE-induced inflammatory response in A549 cells, largely through inhibition of NF-κB activation via upregulation of miR-218, and thus has preventive benefits in CS-induced inflammatory lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-jie Li
- 1Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Kim SJ, Shin HJ, Lee BJ, Kim DS, Lee JH, Jeong MY, Kim HL, Park J, Lim H, Kim SH, Hong SH, Hwang MW, Um JY. The Antiinflammatory Mechanism of Igongsan in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages via Suppression of NF-κB/Caspase-1 Activation. Phytother Res 2013; 28:736-44. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kim
- Department of Cosmeceutical Science; Daegu Hanny University; Yugok-dong Kyungsan 712-715 Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Shin
- College of Pharmacy; Wonkwang University; Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Dae-Seung Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Wonkwang University; Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Dongduk Women's University; 23-1 Wolgok-dong Seongbuk-gu Seoul Korea
| | - Mi-Young Jeong
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Hye-Lin Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Hara Lim
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- College of Pharmacy; Wonkwang University; Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 Korea
| | - Min-Woo Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Institute of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; 1 Hoegi-Dong Dongdaemun-Gu Seoul 130-701 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Qin WY, Luo Y, Chen L, Tao T, Li Y, Cai YL, Li YH. Electroacupuncture Could Regulate the NF-κB Signaling Pathway to Ameliorate the Inflammatory Injury in Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Model Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:924541. [PMID: 23970940 PMCID: PMC3732610 DOI: 10.1155/2013/924541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The activated nuclear factor-KappaB signaling pathway plays a critical role in inducing inflammatory injury. It has been reported that electroacupuncture could be an effective anti-inflammatory treatment. We aimed to explore the complex mechanism by which EA inhibits the activation of the NF- κ B signal pathway and ameliorate inflammatory injury in the short term; the effects of NEMO Binding Domain peptide for this purpose were compared. Focal cerebral I/R was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 hrs. Total 380 male Sprague-Dawley rats are in the study. The neurobehavioral scores, infarction volumes, and the levels of IL-1 β and IL-13 were detected. NF- κ B p65, I κ B α , IKK α , and IKK β were analyzed and the ability of NF- κ B binding DNA was investigated. The EA treatment and the NBD peptide treatment both reduced infarct size, improved neurological scores, and regulated the levels of IL-1 β and IL-13. The treatment reduced the expression of IKK α and IKK β and altered the expression of NF- κ B p65 and I κ B α in the cytoplasm and nucleus; the activity of NF- κ B was effectively reduced. We conclude that EA treatment might interfere with the process of NF- κ B nuclear translocation. And it also could suppress the activity of NF- κ B signaling pathway to ameliorate the inflammatory injury after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-yi Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 64600, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan-li Cai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ya-hui Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Time dependency and topography of hepatic nuclear factor κB activation after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in mice. Shock 2013; 38:486-92. [PMID: 22814290 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3182699072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The leading causes of death in people aged 1 to 44 years are unintentional injuries with associated hemorrhagic shock. Hemorrhagic shock followed by resuscitation (H/R) activates the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway. To further address the association between liver damage and NF-κB activation, we analyzed the H/R-induced activation of NF-κB using cis-NF-κB reporter gene mice. In these mice, the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) is linked to the activation of NF-κB, and therefore tracing of GFP colocalizes NF-κB activation. Mice were hemorrhaged to a mean arterial blood pressure of 30mmHg for 90 min, followed by resuscitation. Six, 14, or 24 h after resuscitation, mice were killed. Compared with sham-operated mice, H/R led to a profound hepatic and cellular damage as measured by aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels, which was accompanied by an elevation in interleukin 6 levels and hepatic leukocyte infiltration. Interleukin 10 levels in plasma were elevated 6 h after H/R. Using serial liver sections, we found an association between necrotic areas, oxidative stress, and enhanced GFP-positive cells. Furthermore, enhanced GFP-positive cells surrounded areas of necrotic liver tissue, predominantly in a penumbra-like-shape pericentrally. These results elucidate spatial relationship between oxidative stress, liver necrosis, and NF-κB activation, using an in vivo approach and therefore might help to further analyze mechanisms of NF-κB activation after resuscitated blood loss.
Collapse
|
91
|
A novel role for the Rho-associated kinase, ROCK, in IL-1-stimulated intestinal epithelial cell responses. Cell Immunol 2013; 280:148-55. [PMID: 23399841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) play a role in mucosal inflammation by producing pro-inflammatory chemokines that may initiate or amplify local responses. IL-1 is a potent activator of IEC and its receptor localizes to focal adhesions. Since the Rho-associated kinase, ROCK, also localizes to focal adhesions, we examined the role of ROCK in IL-1-induced chemokine responses in IEC cell lines. Suppressing ROCK with the Y27632 inhibitor suppressed IL-1-stimulated Caco-2 cell CXCL8/IL-8 and IEC-6 cell CCL2/MCP-1 secretion and mRNA levels. ROCK inhibition also suppressed IL-1-induced JNK phosphorylation in both cell lines, but high levels of the inhibitor had no significant effect on IL-1-stimulated Caco-2 IκBα phosphorylation and degradation or IKK phosphorylation and kinase activity. Therefore, ROCK may exert an effect on IL-1-stimulated JNK signaling to AP-1 activation, with little effect on IKK/IκBα signaling, defining a potentially important mechanism for regulating IL-1 signaling in IEC that may be essential for optimal cytokine responses.
Collapse
|
92
|
Koçak E, Akbal E, Taş A, Köklü S, Karaca G, Can M, Kösem B, Üstün H. Anti-inflammatory efficiency of Ankaferd blood stopper in experimental distal colitis model. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:126-30. [PMID: 23680710 PMCID: PMC3709375 DOI: 10.4103/1319-3767.111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) is a herbal extract that enhances mucosal healing. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficiency of ABS in the treatment of experimental distal colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty one male albino rats were divided into three groups: Sham control (Group 1), colitis induced by acetic acid and treated with saline (Group 2), colitis induced by acetic acid and treated with ABS (Group 3). At end of the 7 th day of induction, all the rats were lightly anesthetized with intramuscular ketamine (8 mg/kg) and thereafter laparotomy and total colectomy were performed. The distal colon segment was assessed macroscopically and microscopically. In addition malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO) levels of the colonic tissue and changes in body weight were measured. RESULTS The MDA and NO levels of the colonic tissues and weight loss were significantly higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1 and Group 3. Microscopic and macroscopic damage scores were significantly higher in Group 2 and Group 3 than Group 1 (P: 0.001, P: 0.004, respectively). Although the microscopic and macroscopic damage scores in Group 3 were slightly lower than Group 2, the difference was not statistically significant. The SOD levels of the colonic tissues were not different between the three groups. CONCLUSION Weight alterations and high-levels of the colonic tissue MDA and NO suggested that ABS might have anti-inflammatory effects on experimental distal colitis. However, this suggestion was not supported by histopathological findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Koçak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Siirt State Hospital, Siirt, Turkey.
| | - Erdem Akbal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hacettepe University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adnan Taş
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seyfettin Köklü
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Karaca
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Can
- Department of Biochemistry, Zonguldak Karaelmas University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Bahadır Kösem
- Department of Anesthesiology, Siirt State Hospital, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Üstün
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Wang YC, Huang KM. In vitro anti-inflammatory effect of apigenin in the Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 53:376-83. [PMID: 23266501 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori causes extensive gastric epithelial cell inflammation which may progress to atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and even gastric adenocarcinoma. Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, and is a well-known antiinflammatory supplement with low cytotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin in H. pylori-infected MKN45 cells, for which IκBα, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-6, IL-1β, and mucin-2 (MUC-2) expressions were examined. Apigenin treatments (9.3-74 μM) significantly increased the IκBα expression, and thus inhibited nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, and the inflammatory factor (COX-2, ICAM-1, ROS, IL-6, and IL-8) expressions decreased. The ROS levels decreased partially based on the intrinsic scavenging property of apigenin. In summary, apigenin treatments effectively inhibited NF-κB activation and the related inflammatory factor expressions, as well as increased MUC-2 expression in the H. pylori-infected MKN45 cells. The compound shows great potential as a candidate agent for the inhibition of H. pylori-induced extensive gastric epithelial cell inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chuen Wang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.
| | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Iwaya H, Lee JS, Yamagishi S, Shinoki A, Lang W, Thawornkuno C, Kang HK, Kumagai Y, Suzuki S, Kitamura S, Hara H, Okuyama M, Mori H, Kimura A, Ishizuka S. The delay in the development of experimental colitis from isomaltosyloligosaccharides in rats is dependent on the degree of polymerization. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50658. [PMID: 23209802 PMCID: PMC3510184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Isomaltosyloligosaccharides (IMO) and dextran (Dex) are hardly digestible in the small intestine and thus influence the luminal environment and affect the maintenance of health. There is wide variation in the degree of polymerization (DP) in Dex and IMO (short-sized IMO, S-IMO; long-sized IMO, L-IMO), and the physiological influence of these compounds may be dependent on their DP. Methodology/Principal Findings Five-week-old male Wistar rats were given a semi-purified diet with or without 30 g/kg diet of the S-IMO (DP = 3.3), L-IMO (DP = 8.4), or Dex (DP = 1230) for two weeks. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was administered to the rats for one week to induce experimental colitis. We evaluated the clinical symptoms during the DSS treatment period by scoring the body weight loss, stool consistency, and rectal bleeding. The development of colitis induced by DSS was delayed in the rats fed S-IMO and Dex diets. The DSS treatment promoted an accumulation of neutrophils in the colonic mucosa in the rats fed the control, S-IMO, and L-IMO diets, as assessed by a measurement of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. In contrast, no increase in MPO activity was observed in the Dex-diet-fed rats even with DSS treatment. Immune cell populations in peripheral blood were also modified by the DP of ingested saccharides. Dietary S-IMO increased the concentration of n-butyric acid in the cecal contents and the levels of glucagon-like peptide-2 in the colonic mucosa. Conclusion/Significance Our study provided evidence that the physiological effects of α-glucosaccharides on colitis depend on their DP, linkage type, and digestibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Iwaya
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jae-Sung Lee
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Aki Shinoki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Weeranuch Lang
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Hee-Kwon Kang
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuya Kumagai
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shiho Suzuki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kitamura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hara
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Okuyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruhide Mori
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kimura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishizuka
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
The EGF receptor and HER2 participate in TNF-α-dependent MAPK activation and IL-8 secretion in intestinal epithelial cells. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:207398. [PMID: 22988345 PMCID: PMC3440955 DOI: 10.1155/2012/207398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF-α activates multiple mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) leading to the secretion of interleukin 8 (IL-8), a neutrophil chemoattractant and an angiogenic factor with tumor promoting properties. As the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a known transducer of proliferative signals and a potent activator of MAPKs, we hypothesized that the EGFR participates in TNF-dependent MAPK activation and IL-8 secretion by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs).
We show that the EGFR is tyrosine-phosphorylated following treatment of IECs (HT-29 and IEC-6) with TNF-α. This requires EGFR autophosphorylation as it was blocked by the EGFR kinase inhibitor AG1478. Autophosphorylation was also inhibited by both a Src-kinase inhibitor and the metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat. TNF treatment of IECs resulted in the accumulation of soluble TGF-α; treatment of IECs with batimastat suppressed TGF-α release and immunoneutralization of TGF-α resulted in decreased EGFR and ERK phosphorylations. TNF-α treatment of IECs resulted in an association between EGFR and HER2 and inhibition of HER2 using a specific inhibitor AG879 in combination with AG1478-suppressed TNF-α-dependent ERK phosphorylation and IL-8 release. Downregulation of HER2 via siRNA resulted in a significant decrease in ERK phosphorylation and a 50% reduction in IL-8 secretion.
Collapse
|
96
|
Bermudez-Brito M, Muñoz-Quezada S, Gomez-Llorente C, Matencio E, Bernal MJ, Romero F, Gil A. Human intestinal dendritic cells decrease cytokine release against Salmonella infection in the presence of Lactobacillus paracasei upon TLR activation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43197. [PMID: 22905233 PMCID: PMC3419202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria have been shown to modulate immune responses and could have therapeutic effects in allergic and inflammatory disorders. However, little is known about the signalling pathways that are engaged by probiotics. Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that are involved in immunity and tolerance. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) and murine DCs are different from human gut DCs; therefore, in this study, we used human DCs generated from CD34+ progenitor cells (hematopoietic stem cells) harvested from umbilical cord blood; those DCs exhibited surface antigens of dendritic Langerhans cells, similar to the lamina propria DCs in the gut. We report that both a novel probiotic strain isolated from faeces of exclusively breast-fed newborn infants, Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-4034, and its cell-free culture supernatant (CFS) decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in human intestinal DCs challenged with Salmonella. Interestingly, the supernatant was as effective as the bacteria in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. In contrast, the bacterium was a potent inducer of TGF-β2 secretion, whereas the supernatant increased the secretion of TGF-β1 in response to Salmonella. We also showed that both the bacteria and its supernatant enhanced innate immunity through the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling. These treatments strongly induced the transcription of the TLR9 gene. In addition, upregulation of the CASP8 and TOLLIP genes was observed. This work demonstrates that L. paracasei CNCM I-4034 enhanced innate immune responses, as evidenced by the activation of TLR signalling and the downregulation of a broad array of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The use of supernatants like the one described in this paper could be an effective and safe alternative to using live bacteria in functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bermudez-Brito
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Muñoz-Quezada
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carolina Gomez-Llorente
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Matencio
- Hero Institute for Infant Nutrition, Hero Spain, Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - María J. Bernal
- Hero Institute for Infant Nutrition, Hero Spain, Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Romero
- Hero Institute for Infant Nutrition, Hero Spain, Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Angel Gil
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Dietary supplementation with N-acetyl cysteine, α-tocopherol and α-lipoic acid reduces the extent of oxidative stress and proinflammatory state in aged rat brain. Biogerontology 2012; 13:479-88. [PMID: 22851277 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-012-9392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study has attempted to understand how oxidative stress contributes to the development of proinflammatory state in the brain during aging. Three groups of rats have been used in this study: young (4-6 months, Group I), aged (22-24 months, Group II) and aged with dietary antioxidant supplementation (Group III). The antioxidants were given daily from 18 months onwards in the form of a combination of N-acetyl cysteine (50 mg/100 g body weight), α-lipoic acid (3 mg/100 g body weight), and α-tocopherol (1.5 mg/100 g body weight) till the animals were used for the experiments between 22 and 24 months. Several measurements have been made to evaluate the ROS (reactive oxygen species) production rate, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and the activation status of NF-κβ (p65 subunit) in brain of the three groups of rats under the study. Our results reveal that brain aging is accompanied with a significant increase in NADPH oxidase activity and mitochondrial ROS production, a distinct elevation of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels along with increased nuclear translocation of NF-κβ (p65 subunit) and all these phenomena are partially but significantly prevented by the long-term dietary antioxidant treatment. The results imply that chronic dietary antioxidants by preventing oxidative stress and proinflammatory state may produce beneficial effects against multiple age-related deficits of the brain.
Collapse
|
98
|
Cho EJ, Shin JS, Chung KS, Lee YS, Cho YW, Baek NI, Chung HG, Lee KT. Arvelexin inhibits colonic inflammation by suppression of NF-κB activation in dextran sulfate sodium-induced mice and TNF-α-induced colonic epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:7398-7407. [PMID: 22794033 DOI: 10.1021/jf3009553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported the anti-inflammatory effects of arvelexin isolated from Brassica rapa in macrophages. In the present study, the effects of arvelexin were investigated in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model and in a cellular model. In the DSS-induced colitis model, arvelexin significantly reduced the severity of colitis, as assessed by disease activity, colonic damage, neutrophil infiltration, and levels of colonic iNOS. Moreover, arvelexin inhibited the expressions of IL-8, IP-10, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in HT-29 colonic epithelial cells. Arvelexin also inhibited the TNF-α-induced adhesion of U937 monocytic cells to HT-29 cells. Furthermore, arvelexin reduced p65 NF-κB subunit translocation to the nucleus and IκBα degradation in the colonic tissues and in TNF-α-induced HT-29 cells. These results demonstrate that the ameliorative effects of arvelexin on colonic injury are mainly related to its ability to inhibit the inflammatory responses via NF-κB inactivation, and support its possible therapeutic role in colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eu-Jin Cho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, and ⊥Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Characterization of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of bioactive fractions recovered from a glucose−lysine Maillard reaction model system. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 364:147-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
100
|
Jeong JB, Hong SC, Jeong HJ, Koo JS. Anti-inflammatory effect of 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol via the suppression of NF-κB and MAPK activation, and acetylation of histone H3. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:2109-16. [PMID: 22210037 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-1214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although inflammation acts as host defense mechanism against infection or injury and is primarily a self limiting process, inadequate resolution of inflammatory responses leads to various chronic disorders. This work aimed to elucidate the anti-inflammatory effects of 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (2M4VP) isolated from pine needles in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Some key pro-inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandins (PGE(2)), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were studied by sandwich ELISA and western blot. In addition, suppression of NF-κB and MAPK activation, and histone acetylation was studied by western blot analysis and immunostaining. 2M4VP dosedependently inhibited NO and PGE(2) production and also blocked LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression. In addition, 2M4VP potently inhibited the translocation of NF-κB p65 into the nucleus by IκB degradation following IκB-α phosphorylation and the phosphorylation of MAPKs such as p38, ERK1/2, and JNK. Also, 2M4VP inhibited hyper-acetylation of histone H3 (Lys9/Lys14) induced by LPS. Taken together, our results suggest that 2M4VP, a naturally occurring phenolic compound, exert potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting LPS-induced NO, PGE(2), iNOS, and COX-2 in RAW264.7 cells. These effects are mediated by suppression of NF-κB and MAPK activation and histone acetylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Boo Jeong
- Medicinal Plant Resources Major, Andong National University, Andong, 760749, Korea.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|