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Ahmed RF, Moussa RA, Eldemerdash RS, Zakaria MM, Abdel-Gaber SA. Ameliorative effects of silymarin on HCl-induced acute lung injury in rats; role of the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:1483-1492. [PMID: 32133068 PMCID: PMC7043873 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.14069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aspiration is a common cause of acute lung injury (ALI), which lacks an effective treatment. Inflammation and oxidative stress play key roles in ALI development. Silymarin is an active extract of Silybum marianum plant seeds (milk thistle). Silymarin has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; however its role in aspiration induced ALI has not been investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of silymarin in the treatment of hydrochloric acid (HCl) aspiration induced ALI and explores its mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included three groups of rats: Control non-treated group, ALI group (intra-tracheal HCl injected), and silymarin treated ALI group. White blood cells (WBCs) with differential count, oxidative stress parameters, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were investigated. Lung tissue histopathology and immunohistochemical expression of survivin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were also examined. RESULTS The results of the study showed that HCL caused histopathological changes in ALI with leukocytopenia and increased oxidative stress biomarkers. It increased TGF-β, up-regulated mRNA expression of COX-2, Nrf-2, and HO-1 and increased survivin and PCNA but decreased Bcl-2. Silymarin ameliorated the histopathological lung injury with further up-regulation of Nrf-2 and HO-1 mRNA and decreased the inflammatory and fibrotic parameters together with up-regulation of the anti-apoptotic and the proliferation parameters. CONCLUSION The protective effect of silymarin against ALI is mediated by Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway with subsequent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and proliferating activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha F Ahmed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 Minia, Egypt
| | - Rabab A Moussa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 Minia, Egypt
| | - Reda S Eldemerdash
- Research Building, Urology & Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Zakaria
- Research Building, Urology & Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Seham A Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 Minia, Egypt
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Quercetin, but not rutin, attenuated hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage via heme oxygenase-1 induction in endothelial cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 676:108157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Lee CW, Chi MC, Peng KT, Chiang YC, Hsu LF, Yan YL, Li HY, Chen MC, Lee IT, Lai CH. Water-Soluble Fullerenol C 60(OH) 36 toward Effective Anti-Air Pollution Induced by Urban Particulate Matter in HaCaT Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174259. [PMID: 31480310 PMCID: PMC6747515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM), a widespread air pollutant, consists of a complex mixture of solid and liquid particles suspended in air. Many diseases have been linked to PM exposure, which induces an imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in cells, and might result in skin diseases (such as aging and atopic dermatitis). New techniques involving nanomedicine and nano-delivery systems are being rapidly developed in the medicinal field. Fullerene, a kind of nanomaterial, acts as a super radical scavenger. Lower water solubility levels limit the bio-applications of fullerene. Hence, to improve the water solubility of fullerene, while retaining its radical scavenger functions, a fullerene derivative, fullerenol C60(OH)36, was synthesized, to examine its biofunctions in PM-exposed human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. The PM-induced increase in ROS levels and expression of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt could be inhibited via fullerenol pre-treatment. Furthermore, the expression of inflammation-related proteins, cyclooxygenase-2, heme oxygenase-1, and prostaglandin E2 was also suppressed. Fullerenol could preserve the impaired state of skin barrier proteins (filaggrin, involucrin, repetin, and loricrin), which was attributable to PM exposure. These results suggest that fullerenol could act against PM-induced cytotoxicity via ROS scavenging and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and the maintenance of expression of barrier proteins, and is a potential candidate compound for the treatment of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Ching Chi
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ti Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chiang
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Fen Hsu
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Yan
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yen Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Chian-Hui Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Drummond GS, Baum J, Greenberg M, Lewis D, Abraham NG. HO-1 overexpression and underexpression: Clinical implications. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 673:108073. [PMID: 31425676 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review we examine the effects of both over- and under-production of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and HO activity on a broad spectrum of biological systems and on vascular disease. In a few instances e.g., neonatal jaundice, overproduction of HO-1 and increased HO activity results in elevated levels of bilirubin requiring clinical intervention with inhibitors of HO activity. In contrast HO-1 levels and HO activity are low in obesity and the HO system responds to mitigate the deleterious effects of oxidative stress through increased levels of bilirubin (anti-inflammatory) and CO (anti-apoptotic) and decreased levels of heme (pro-oxidant). Site specific HO-1 overexpression diminishes adipocyte terminal differentiation and lipid accumulation of obesity mediated release of inflammatory molecules. A series of diverse strategies have been implemented that focus on increasing HO-1 and HO activity that are central to reversing the clinical complications associated with diseases including, obesity, metabolic syndrome and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S Drummond
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Jeffrey Baum
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Menachem Greenberg
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - David Lewis
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA.
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Kim E, Han SY, Hwang K, Kim D, Kim EM, Hossain MA, Kim JH, Cho JY. Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-(3″- O-methyl) Gallate. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163993. [PMID: 31426336 PMCID: PMC6719974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated from diverse cellular processes or external sources such as chemicals, pollutants, or ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Accumulation of radicals causes cell damage that can result in degenerative diseases. Antioxidants remove radicals by eliminating unpaired electrons from other molecules. In skin health, antioxidants are essential to protect cells from the environment and prevent skin aging. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-(3″-O-methyl) gallate (3″Me-EGCG) has been found in limited oolong teas or green teas with distinctive methylated form, but its precise activities have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the antioxidant roles of 3″Me-EGCG in keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). 3″Me-EGCG showed scavenging effects in cell and cell-free systems. Under H2O2 exposure, 3″Me-EGCG recovered cell viability and increased the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Under ultraviolet B (UVB) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) exposure, 3″Me-EGCG protected keratinocytes and regulated the survival protein AKT1. By regulating the AKT1/NF-κB pathway, 3″Me-EGCG augmented cell survival and proliferation in HaCaT cells. These results indicate that 3″Me-EGCG exhibits antioxidant properties, resulting in cytoprotection against various external stimuli. In conclusion, our findings suggest that 3″Me-EGCG can be used as an ingredient of cosmetic products or health supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sang Yun Han
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Yongin 17028, Korea
| | - Kyeonghwan Hwang
- Basic Research & Innovation vision, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin 17074, Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Basic Research & Innovation vision, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin 17074, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Basic Research & Innovation vision, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin 17074, Korea
| | | | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
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Sananta P, Jonatan A, Ernanda SA, Kartikaningtyas AN, Parhusip YM, Amelia Y, Maulidya E, Juwono MA. Effects of nicotine on markers of bone turnover in ovariectomized rats. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 33:37. [PMID: 31384352 PMCID: PMC6658146 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.37.17606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and density, as well as change in microarchitecture of bone tissue leading to decreased bone strength. In vitro research shows nicotine can increase osteoblast activity and proliferation, also suppress osteoclast activity. Therefore we explore nicotine anti-resorptive property by in vivo true experimental and randomized posttest only controlled group research that was conducted in 18-20 weeks old Rattus norvegicus. Methods Twenty-five female rats were divided into five groups, with 5 rats per group. The first group represented normal rats (Sham), while the second to fifth group underwent bilateral ovariectomy. The second group serves as positive control group (ovariectomy-only/OVX). The third to fifth group serve as dose 1 (P1-0.25mg/kg), dose 2 (P2-0.5 mg/kg), and Dose 3 (P3-0.75 mg/kg) treatment group receiving daily per-oral nicotine for 28 days, started 3 weeks post- ovariectomy. After 28 days treatment, the serum was checked. Results Nicotine has dose-dependent manner on serum osteocalcin and serum DPD level. Level of osteocalcin in P2 group was significantly lower (Mann-Whitney, p = 0.008) compared to OVX group (59.4% lower). Level of DPD in all group was not significantly different (ANOVA, p < 0.05) but shows lowest level in P2 group. For serum calcitonin level, there's no significant different between groups. Conclusion Nicotine at right low-dose might be able to inhibit osteoclast activity, thus open a possibility of anti-resorptive property of nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panji Sananta
- Orthopedic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
| | - Andrew Jonatan
- Bio Medics, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Yesi Amelia
- Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
| | - Elli Maulidya
- Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
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Telmisartan attenuates N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in mice by modulating the NF-κB-TAK1-ERK1/2 axis in the context of PPARγ agonistic activity. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1591-1604. [PMID: 31367864 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by bad prognosis and is the second most common reason for cancer-linked mortality. Treatment with sorafenib (SRF) alone increases patient survival by only a few months. A causal link has been determined between angiotensin II (Ang-II) and HCC. However, the mechanisms underlying the tumorigenic effects of Ang-II remain to be elucidated. N-Nitrosodiethylamine was utilized to examine the effects of telmisartan (TEL) (15 mg/kg), SRF (30 mg/kg), and a combination of these two agents on HCC mice. Downregulation of NF-кBP65 mRNA expression and inhibition of the phosphorylation-induced activation of both ERK1/2 and NF-кB P65 were implicated in the anti-tumor effects of TEL and SRF. Consequent regression of malignant changes and improvements in liver function associated with reduced levels of AFP, TNF-α, and TGF-β1 were also confirmed. Anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects of treatment were indicated by reduced hepatic cyclin D1 mRNA expression, reduced MMP-2 levels, and reduced VEGF levels, respectively. TEL, but not SRF, demonstrated agonistic activity for PPARγ receptors, as evidenced by increased PPARγ DNA binding activity, upregulation of CD36, and HO-1 mRNA expression followed by increased liver antioxidant capacity. Both TEL and SRF inhibited TAK1 phosphorylation-induced activation, indicating that TAK1 might act as a central mediator in the interaction between ERK1/2 and NF-кB. TEL, by modulating the ERK1/2, TAK1, and NF-кB signaling axis in the context of PPARγ agonistic activity, exerted anti-tumor effects and increased tumor sensitivity to SRF. Therefore, TEL is an encouraging agent for further clinical trials regarding the management of HCC.
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The Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Oxidative, and Anti-Apoptotic Benefits of Stem Cells in Acute Ischemic Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143529. [PMID: 31330934 PMCID: PMC6678402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI). The complicated interaction between injured tubular cells, activated endothelial cells, and the immune system leads to oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, thereby exacerbating the apoptosis of renal tubular cells and impeding the process of tissue repair. Stem cell therapy is an innovative approach to ameliorate IRI due to its antioxidative, immunomodulatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the biological effects and mechanisms of action of stem cell therapy in the context of acute ischemic AKI to improve its therapeutic benefits. The recent finding that treatment with conditioned medium (CM) derived from stem cells is likely an effective alternative to conventional stem cell transplantation increases the potential for future therapeutic uses of stem cell therapy. In this review, we discuss the recent findings regarding stem cell-mediated cytoprotection, with a focus on the anti-inflammatory effects via suppression of oxidative stress and uncompromised immune responses following AKI. Stem cell-derived CM represents a favorable approach to stem cell-based therapy and may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy against acute ischemic AKI.
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The Ameliorative Effects of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Salicornia europaea L. and Its Bioactive Candidate, Irilin B, on LPS-Induced Microglial Inflammation and MPTP-Intoxicated PD-Like Mouse Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6764756. [PMID: 31379989 PMCID: PMC6652089 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6764756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactivation of microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system, exacerbates various neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkinson's disease is generally characterized by a severe loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway, with substantial neuroinflammation and motor deficits. This was experimentally replicated in animal models, using neurotoxins, i.e., LPS (lipopolysaccharides) and MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine). Salicornia europaea L. (SE) has been used as a dietary supplement in Korea and Europe for several years, due to its nutritional and therapeutic value. In this study, we intend to investigate the antineuroinflammatory and anti-PD-like effects of the bioactive fraction/candidate of the SE extract. Initially, we screened various fractions of SE extract using an in vitro antioxidant assay. The optimal fraction was investigated for its in vitro antineuroinflammatory potential in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells and in vivo anti-PD-like potential in MPTP-intoxicated mice. Subsequently, to identify the potential candidate responsible for the elite therapeutic potential of the optimal fraction, we conducted antioxidant activity-guided isolation and purification; the bioactive candidate was structurally characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chromatographic techniques and further investigated for its in vitro antioxidative and antineuroinflammatory potential. The results of our study indicate that SE-EA and its bioactive candidate, Irilin B, effectively alleviate the deleterious effect of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and promote antioxidative effects. Thus, they exhibit potential as therapeutic candidates against neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress-mediated PD-like neurodegenerative complications.
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Hirunpattarasilp C, Attwell D, Freitas F. The role of pericytes in brain disorders: from the periphery to the brain. J Neurochem 2019; 150:648-665. [PMID: 31106417 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly apparent that disorders of the brain microvasculature contribute to many neurological disorders. In recent years it has become clear that a major player in these events is the capillary pericyte which, in the brain, is now known to control the blood-brain barrier, regulate blood flow, influence immune cell entry and be crucial for angiogenesis. In this review we consider the under-explored possibility that peripheral diseases which affect the microvasculature, such as hypertension, kidney disease and diabetes, produce central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction by mechanisms affecting capillary pericytes within the CNS. We highlight how cellular messengers produced peripherally can act via signalling pathways within CNS pericytes to reshape blood vessels, restrict blood flow or compromise blood-brain barrier function, thus causing neuronal dysfunction. Increased understanding of how renin-angiotensin, Rho-kinase and PDGFRβ signalling affect CNS pericytes may suggest novel therapeutic approaches to reducing the CNS effects of peripheral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanawee Hirunpattarasilp
- Department of Neuroscience, Andrew Huxley Building, University College London, Physiology & Pharmacology, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - David Attwell
- Department of Neuroscience, Andrew Huxley Building, University College London, Physiology & Pharmacology, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Felipe Freitas
- Department of Neuroscience, Andrew Huxley Building, University College London, Physiology & Pharmacology, Gower Street, London, UK
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In Vitro and In Vivo Neuroprotective Effects of Stellettin B Through Anti-Apoptosis and the Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17060315. [PMID: 31146323 PMCID: PMC6627894 DOI: 10.3390/md17060315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical agents for halting the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are lacking. The current available medications only relieve clinical symptoms and may cause severe side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel drug candidates for PD. In this study, we demonstrated the neuroprotective activity of stellettin B (SB), a compound isolated from marine sponges. We showed that SB could significantly protect SH-SY5Y cells against 6-OHDA-induced cellular damage by inhibiting cell apoptosis and oxidative stress through PI3K/Akt, MAPK, caspase cascade modulation and Nrf2/HO-1 cascade modulation, respectively. In addition, an in vivo study showed that SB reversed 6-OHDA-induced a locomotor deficit in a zebrafish model of PD. The potential for developing SB as a candidate drug for PD treatment is discussed.
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Caffeic acid phenethyl ester protects against oxidative stress and dampens inflammation via heme oxygenase 1. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11:6. [PMID: 30783082 PMCID: PMC6381107 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is associated with chronic oxidative stress and inflammation. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), which is a potent inducer of heme oxygenase 1 (HO1), is a central active component of propolis, and the application of propolis improves periodontal status in diabetic patients. Here, primary murine macrophages were exposed to CAPE. Target gene expression was assessed by whole-genome microarray, RT-PCR and Western blotting. The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of CAPE were examined by exposure of the cells to hydrogen peroxide, saliva and periodontal pathogens. The involvement of HO1 was investigated with the HO1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP) and knockout mice for Nrf2, which is a transcription factor for detoxifying enzymes. CAPE increased HO1 and other heat shock proteins in murine macrophages. A p38 MAPK inhibitor and Nrf2 knockout attenuated CAPE-induced HO1 expression in macrophages. CAPE exerted strong antioxidative activity. Additionally, CAPE reduced the inflammatory response to saliva and periodontal pathogens. Blocking HO1 decreased the antioxidative activity and attenuated the anti-inflammatory activity of CAPE. In conclusion, CAPE exerted its antioxidative effects through the Nrf2-mediated HO1 pathway and its anti-inflammatory effects through NF-κB inhibition. However, preclinical models evaluating the use of CAPE in periodontal inflammation are necessary in future studies. Propolis, also known as ‘honeybee glue,’ may protect teeth and gums against periodontal disease. In periodontal disease, chronic inflammation and oxidative damage harm gum tissue and lead to tooth loss; propolis has been shown to improve periodontal health for patients with diabetes. Bees make propolis by mixing beeswax, honey, plant resins and their own saliva, and use it to patch honeycomb and prevent growth of microbes in the hive. Reinhard Gruber of the Department of Oral Biology at the Medical University of Vienna and of the Department of Periodontology, University of Bern and co-workers investigated the effects of one of propolis’ active ingredients, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), on oxidative stress and inflammation. They found that CAPE reduced oxidative damage and dampened inflammation; further investigation revealed the genetic basis of the beneficial effects, paving the way for future clinical studies. These results may help identify alternative treatments for periodontal disease.
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Yaribeygi H, Atkin SL, Sahebkar A. A review of the molecular mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced free radical generation leading to oxidative stress. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:1300-1312. [PMID: 30146696 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes is growing worldwide with an increasing morbidity and mortality associated with the development of diabetes complications. Free radical production is a normal biological process that is strictly controlled and has been shown to be important in normal cellular homeostasis, and in the bodies response to pathogens. However, there are several mechanisms leading to excessive free radical production that overcome the normal protective quenching mechanisms. Studies have shown that many of the diabetes complications result from excessive free radical generation and oxidative stress, and it has been shown that chronic hyperglycemia is a potent inducer for free radical production, generated through several pathways and triggering multiple molecular mechanisms. An understanding of these processes may help us to improving our preventive or therapeutic strategies. In this review, the major molecular pathways involved in free radical generation induced by hyperglycemia are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Lin HC, Li CC, Yang YC, Chiu TH, Liu KL, Lii CK, Chen HW. Andrographis paniculata diterpenoids and ethanolic extract inhibit TNFα-induced ICAM-1 expression in EA.hy926 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:157-167. [PMID: 30599895 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata), a traditional herb in Southeastern Asia, is used to treat inflammation-mediated diseases. PURPOSE The two major bioactive diterpenoids in A. paniculata are andrographolide (AND) and 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (deAND). Because of the anti-inflammatory evidence for AND, we hypothesized that deAND might possess similar potency for inhibiting monocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium, which is a critical event for atherosclerotic lesion formation. MATERIAL In the present study, we used 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to determine cell viability. We evaluated the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by using DCFDA assay. We assayed the protein expression by using Western blot analysis, the mRNA expression by using RT-PCR, and the nuclear protein-DNA binding activity by using EMSA. RESULTS We showed that pretreatment of EA.hy926 cells with A. paniculata ethanolic extract (APE), deAND, and AND significantly inhibited TNFα-induced ICAM-1 protein and mRNA expression, ICAM-1 promoter activity, and monocyte adhesion. TNFα-stimulated IKKβ phosphorylation, IκBα phosphorylation and degradation, p65 nuclear translocation, and NFκB nuclear protein-DNA binding activity were attenuated by pretreatment with APE, deAND, and AND. APE, deAND, and AND attenuated TNFα-induced Src phosphorylation and membrane translocation of the NOX subunits p47phox and p67phox. Both APE and AND induced protein expression of heme oxygenase 1 and the glutamate cysteine ligase modifier subunit and enhanced glutathione content. Pretreatment with AND and deAND inhibited TNFα-induced ROS generation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the mechanism by which APE, deAND, and AND down-regulates TNFα-induced ICAM-1 expression in EA.hy926 cells is via attenuation of activation of the IKK/IκB/NFκB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chih Lin
- Division of Neonatology, College of Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of China Medical University and China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chiu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Tsur A, Kalish F, Burgess J, Nayak NR, Zhao H, Casey KM, Druzin ML, Wong RJ, Stevenson DK. Pravastatin improves fetal survival in mice with a partial deficiency of heme oxygenase-1. Placenta 2018; 75:1-8. [PMID: 30712660 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Statins induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in vitro and in vivo. Low HO-1 expression is associated with pregnancy complications, e.g. preeclampsia and recurrent miscarriages. Here, we investigated the effects of pravastatin on HO-1 expression, placental development, and fetal survival in mice with a partial HO-1 deficiency. METHODS At E14.5, untreated pregnant wild-type (WT, n=13-18), untreated HO-1+/- (Het, n=6-9), and Het mice treated with pravastatin (Het+Pravastatin, n=12-14) were sacrificed. Numbers of viable fetuses/resorbed concepti were recorded. Maternal livers and placentas were harvested for HO activity. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and CD31 immunohistochemical staining were performed on whole placentas. RESULTS Compared with WT, HO activity in Het livers (65±18%, P<0.001) and placentas (74±7%, P<0.001) were significantly decreased. Number of viable fetuses per dam was significantly lower in Untreated Het dams (6.0±2.2) compared with WT (9.1±1.4, P<0.01), accompanied by a higher relative risk (RR) for concepti resorption (17.1, 95% CI 4.0-73.2). In Hets treated with pravastatin, maternal liver and placental HO activity increased, approaching levels of WT controls (to 83±7% and 87±14%, respectively). The number of viable fetuses per dam increased to 7.7±2.5 with a decreased RR for concepti resorption (2.7, 95% CI 1.2-5.9). In some surviving Untreated Het placentas, there were focal losses of cellular architecture and changes suggestive of reduced blood flow in the labyrinth. These findings were absent in Het+Pravastatin placentas. DISCUSSION Pravastatin induces maternal liver and placental HO activity, may affect placental function and improve fetal survival in the context of a partial deficiency of HO-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Tsur
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Flora Kalish
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jordan Burgess
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nihar R Nayak
- Dept of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hui Zhao
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kerriann M Casey
- Dept of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maurice L Druzin
- Dept of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald J Wong
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - David K Stevenson
- Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Kwon YJ, Lee YJ, Park BJ, Hong KW, Jung DH. Total serum bilirubin and 8-year incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2018; 44:346-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Edaravone Improves Septic Cardiac Function by Inducing an HIF-1 α/HO-1 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5216383. [PMID: 29765498 PMCID: PMC5885492 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5216383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Septic myocardial dysfunction remains prevalent and raises mortality rate in patients with sepsis. During sepsis, tissues undergo tremendous oxidative stress which contributes critically to organ dysfunction. Edaravone, a potent radical scavenger, has been proved beneficial in ischemic injuries involving hypoxia-inducible factor- (HIF-) 1, a key regulator of a prominent antioxidative protein heme oxygenase- (HO-) 1. However, its effect in septic myocardial dysfunction remains unclarified. We hypothesized that edaravone may prevent septic myocardial dysfunction by inducing the HIF-1/HO-1 pathway. Rats were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) with or without edaravone infusion at three doses (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg, resp.) before CLP and intraperitoneal injection of the HIF-1α antagonist, ME (15 mg/kg), after CLP. After CLP, rats had cardiac dysfunction, which was associated with deformed myocardium, augmented lipid peroxidation, and increased myocardial apoptosis and inflammation, along with decreased activities of catalase, HIF-1α, and HO-1 in the myocardium. Edaravone pretreatment dose-dependently reversed the changes, of which high dose most effectively improved cardiac function and survival rate of septic rats. However, inhibition of HIF-1α by ME demolished the beneficial effects of edaravone at high dose, reducing the survival rate of the septic rats without treatments. Taken together, edaravone, by inducing the HIF-1α/HO-1 pathway, suppressed oxidative stress and protected the heart against septic myocardial injury and dysfunction.
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Vanella L, Barbagallo I, Tibullo D, Forte S, Zappalà A, Li Volti G. The non-canonical functions of the heme oxygenases. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69075-69086. [PMID: 27626166 PMCID: PMC5356613 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) isoforms catalyze the conversion of heme to carbon monoxide (CO) and biliverdin with a concurrent release of iron, which can drive the synthesis of ferritin for iron sequestration. Most of the studies so far were directed at evaluating the protective effect of these enzymes because of their ability to generate antioxidant and antiapoptotic molecules such as CO and bilirubin. Recent evidences are suggesting that HO may possess other important physiological functions, which are not related to its enzymatic activity and for which we would like to introduce for the first time the term “non canonical functions”. Recent evidence suggest that both HO isoforms may form protein-protein interactions (i.e. cytochrome P450, adiponectin, CD91) thus serving as chaperone-like protein. In addition, truncated HO-1 isoform was localized in the nuclear compartment under certain experimental conditions (i.e. excitotoxicity, hypoxia) regulating the activity of important nuclear transcription factors (i.e. Nrf2) and DNA repair. In the present review, we discuss three potential signaling mechanisms that we refer to as the non-canonical functions of the HO isoforms: protein-protein interaction, intracellular compartmentalization, and extracellular secretion. The aim of the present review is to describe each of this mechanism and all the aspects warranting additional studies in order to unravel all the functions of the HO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Tibullo
- Division of Haematology, AOU "Policlinico - Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Forte
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo Ricerca srl Viagrande, Catania, Italy
| | - Agata Zappalà
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,EuroMediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
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Kinetics of ROS generation induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organic extracts from ambient air particulate matter in model human lung cell lines. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 827:50-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Transplantation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevents Radiation-Induced Artery Injury by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5942916. [PMID: 29682160 PMCID: PMC5851295 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5942916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to explore the protective effect of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) on radiation-induced aortic injury (RIAI). hBMSCs were isolated and cultured from human bone marrow. Male C57/BL mice were irradiated with a dose of 18-Gy 6MV X-ray and randomly treated with either vehicle or hBMSCs through tail vein injection with a dose of 103 or 104 cells/g of body weight (low or high dose of hBMSCs) within 24 h. Aortic inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular remodeling were assessed by immunohistochemical staining at 3, 7, 14, 28, and 84 days after irradiation. The results revealed irradiation caused aortic cell apoptosis and fibrotic remodeling indicated by aortic thickening, collagen accumulation, and increased expression of profibrotic cytokines (CTGF and TGF-β). Further investigation showed that irradiation resulted in elevated expression of inflammation-related molecules (TNF-α and ICAM-1) and oxidative stress indicators (4-HNE and 3-NT). Both of the low and high doses of hBMSCs alleviated the above irradiation-induced pathological changes and elevated the antioxidant enzyme expression of HO-1 and catalase in the aorta. The high dose even showed a better protective effect. In conclusion, hBMSCs provide significant protection against RIAI possibly through inhibition of aortic oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, hBMSCs can be used as a potential therapy to treat RIAI.
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Gou L, Zhao L, Song W, Wang L, Liu J, Zhang H, Huang Y, Lau CW, Yao X, Tian XY, Wong WT, Luo JY, Huang Y. Inhibition of miR-92a Suppresses Oxidative Stress and Improves Endothelial Function by Upregulating Heme Oxygenase-1 in db/db Mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:358-370. [PMID: 28683566 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Inhibition of microRNA-92a (miR-92a) is reported to suppress endothelial inflammation and delay atherogenesis. We hypothesize that miR-92a inhibition protects endothelial function through suppressing oxidative stress in diabetic db/db mice. RESULTS In this study, we found elevated expression of miR-92a in aortic endothelium from db/db mice and in renal arteries from diabetic subjects. Endothelial cells (ECs) exposed to advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein express higher level of miR-92a. Overexpression of miR-92a impairs endothelium-dependent relaxations (EDRs) in C57BL/6 mouse aortas. Overexpression of miR-92a suppresses expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a critical cytoprotective enzyme, whereas inhibition of miR-92a increases HO-1 expression in human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) and db/db mouse aortas. Importantly, miR-92a inhibition by Ad-anti-miR-92a improved EDRs and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in db/db mouse aortas. HO-1 inhibition by SnMP or HO-1 knockdown by shHO-1 reversed the suppressive effect of miR-92a inhibition on ROS production induced by AGE treatment in C57BL/6 mouse aortas. In addition, SnMP reversed miR-92a inhibition-induced improvement of EDRs in AGE-treated C57BL/6 mouse aortas and in db/db mouse aortas. INNOVATION Expression of miR-92a is increased in diabetic aortic endothelium and inhibition of miR-92a exerts vasoprotective effect in diabetic mice through HO-1 upregulation in ECs. CONCLUSION MiR-92a expression is elevated in diabetic ECs. MiR-92a overexpression impairs endothelial function and suppresses HO-1 expression in ECs. Inhibition of miR-92a attenuates oxidative stress and improves endothelial function through enhancing HO-1 expression and activity in db/db mouse aortas. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 358-370.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshan Gou
- 1 Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences , Hong Kong, China
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- 1 Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences , Hong Kong, China
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Wencong Song
- 1 Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences , Hong Kong, China
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wang
- 1 Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences , Hong Kong, China
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Liu
- 1 Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences , Hong Kong, China
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongsong Zhang
- 1 Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences , Hong Kong, China
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- 1 Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences , Hong Kong, China
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wai Lau
- 1 Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences , Hong Kong, China
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- 1 Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences , Hong Kong, China
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- 1 Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences , Hong Kong, China
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- 3 School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiang-Yun Luo
- 1 Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences , Hong Kong, China
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- 1 Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences , Hong Kong, China
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
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Castelli T, Russo GI, Reale G, Privitera S, Chisari M, Fragalà E, Favilla V, Cimino S, Morgia G. Metabolic syndrome and prostatic disease: potentially role of polyphenols in preventive strategies. A review. Int Braz J Urol 2017; 42:422-30. [PMID: 27286103 PMCID: PMC4920557 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2015.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer are two common urological diseases of the elderly. Scientific community has always looked for a link that could explain the correlation between the two diseases and the role of chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of BPH and PCa. As shown by the reports of the two diseases relationship with oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome, the use of compounds with antioxidant action could therefore affect both the symptoms and their onset. Polyphenols appear to act not only against oxidative stress but also at different levels. The aim of this review is to evaluate the role of the most important polyphenols on these two urological diseases. As antioxidants these compounds seems to have a direct action on the cell cycle and hormone function, important for both prostate cancer and BPH. Despite a large number of articles about the relationship of the polyphenols with prostate cancer, very little evidence exists for BPH. Additional clinical trials or meta-analysis are necessary on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Castelli
- Dipartimento di Urologia, Facoltà di Medicina Policlinico, Università di Catania, Italia
| | - Giorgio Ivan Russo
- Dipartimento di Urologia, Facoltà di Medicina Policlinico, Università di Catania, Italia
| | - Giulio Reale
- Dipartimento di Urologia, Facoltà di Medicina Policlinico, Università di Catania, Italia
| | - Salvatore Privitera
- Dipartimento di Urologia, Facoltà di Medicina Policlinico, Università di Catania, Italia
| | - Mario Chisari
- Dipartimento di Urologia, Facoltà di Medicina Policlinico, Università di Catania, Italia
| | - Eugenia Fragalà
- Dipartimento di Urologia, Facoltà di Medicina Policlinico, Università di Catania, Italia
| | - Vincenzo Favilla
- Dipartimento di Urologia, Facoltà di Medicina Policlinico, Università di Catania, Italia
| | - Sebastiano Cimino
- Dipartimento di Urologia, Facoltà di Medicina Policlinico, Università di Catania, Italia
| | - Giuseppe Morgia
- Dipartimento di Urologia, Facoltà di Medicina Policlinico, Università di Catania, Italia
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Cao J, Singh SP, McClung JA, Joseph G, Vanella L, Barbagallo I, Jiang H, Falck JR, Arad M, Shapiro JI, Abraham NG. EET intervention on Wnt1, NOV, and HO-1 signaling prevents obesity-induced cardiomyopathy in obese mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H368-H380. [PMID: 28576832 PMCID: PMC5582926 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00093.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) has multiple beneficial effects on vascular function; in addition to its antiapoptotic action, it increases insulin sensitivity and inhibits inflammation. To uncover the signaling mechanisms by which EET reduces cardiomyopathy, we hypothesized that EET infusion might ameliorate obesity-induced cardiomyopathy by improving heme oxygenase (HO)-1, Wnt1, thermogenic gene levels, and mitochondrial integrity in cardiac tissues and improved pericardial fat phenotype. EET reduced levels of fasting blood glucose and proinflammatory adipokines, including nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV) signaling, while increasing echocardiographic fractional shortening and O2 consumption. Of interest, we also noted a marked improvement in mitochondrial integrity, thermogenic genes, and Wnt 1 and HO-1 signaling mechanisms. Knockout of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) in EET-treated mice resulted in a reversal of these beneficial effects including a decrease in myocardial Wnt1 and HO-1 expression and an increase in NOV. To further elucidate the effects of EET on pericardial adipose tissues, we observed EET treatment increases in adiponectin, PGC-1α, phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase, insulin receptor phosphorylation, and thermogenic genes, resulting in a "browning" pericardial adipose phenotype under high-fat diets. Collectively, these experiments demonstrate that an EET agonist increased Wnt1 and HO-1 signaling while decreasing NOV pathways and the progression of cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, this report presents a portal into potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of heart failure and metabolic syndrome.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mechanism by which EET acts on obesity-induced cardiomyopathy is unknown. Here, we describe a previously unrecognized function of EET infusion that inhibits nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV) levels and activates Wnt1, hence identifying NOV inhibition and enhanced Wnt1 expression as novel pharmacological targets for the prevention and treatment of cardiomyopathy and heart failure.Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.physiology.org/content/early/2017/05/31/ajpheart.00093.2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.,Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shailendra P Singh
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - John A McClung
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Gregory Joseph
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Science/Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ignazio Barbagallo
- Department of Drug Science/Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Houli Jiang
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michael Arad
- Leviev Heart Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; and
| | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York; .,Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
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The 1-Tosylpentan-3-one Protects against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051096. [PMID: 28534853 PMCID: PMC5455005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the marine compound austrasulfone, isolated from the soft coral Cladiella australis, exerts a neuroprotective effect. The intermediate product in the synthesis of austrasulfone, dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol, attenuates several inflammatory responses. The present study uses in vitro and in vivo methods to investigate the neuroprotective effect of dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol-modified 1-tosylpentan-3-one (1T3O). Results from in vitro experiments show that 1T3O effectively inhibits 6-hydroxydopamine-induced (6-OHDA-induced) activation of both p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and caspase-3 in SH-SY5Y cells; and enhances nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling. Hoechst staining and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining results reveal that 1T3O significantly inhibits 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis. In addition, the addition of an Akt or HO-1 inhibitor decreases the protective effect of 1T3O. Thus, we hypothesize that the anti-apoptotic activity of 1T3O in neuronal cells is mediated through the regulation of the Akt and HO-1 signaling pathways. In vivo experiments show that 1T3O can reverse 6-OHDA-induced reduction in locomotor behavior ability in zebrafish larvae, and inhibit 6-OHDA-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) increase at the same time. According to our in vitro and in vivo results, we consider that 1T3O exerts its anti-apoptotic activities at SH-SY5Y cells after 6-OHDA challenges, probably via the regulation of anti-oxidative signaling pathways. Therefore, this compound may be a promising therapeutic agent for neurodegenerations.
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The Protective Effect of Lavender Essential Oil and Its Main Component Linalool against the Cognitive Deficits Induced by D-Galactose and Aluminum Trichloride in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7426538. [PMID: 28529531 PMCID: PMC5424179 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7426538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lavender essential oil (LO) is a traditional medicine used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It was extracted from Lavandula angustifolia Mill. This study was designed to investigate the effects of lavender essential oil (LO) and its active component, linalool (LI), against cognitive impairment induced by D-galactose (D-gal) and AlCl3 in mice and to explore the related mechanisms. Our results revealed that LO (100 mg/kg) or LI (100 mg/kg) significantly protected the cognitive impairments as assessed by the Morris water maze test and step-though test. The mechanisms study demonstrated that LO and LI significantly protected the decreased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and protected the increased activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA). Besides, they protected the suppressed nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression significantly. Moreover, the decreased expression of synapse plasticity-related proteins, calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), p-CaMKII, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and TrkB in the hippocampus were increased with drug treatment. In conclusion, LO and its active component LI have protected the oxidative stress, activity of cholinergic function and expression of proteins of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and synaptic plasticity. It suggest that LO, especially LI, could be a potential agent for improving cognitive impairment in AD.
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76
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Tian Y, Li Z, Shen B, Zhang Q, Feng H. Protective effects of morin on lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB and activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 45:148-155. [PMID: 28213269 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Morin, a bioactive flavonoid extracted from the bark of Moraceae plants and many medicinal herbs, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. In this research, we explored the protective effects of morin against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and d-galactosamine (D-GalN) induced acute liver injury in mice. Mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of morin before LPS and D-GalN treatment and the HepG2 cells were only given morin to investigate its effects. The results showed that morin markedly inhibited the production of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and hepatic TNF-α, IL-6, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) induced by LPS/D-GalN. In order to evaluate morin effect in the future, we investigated the expression of nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) on liver injury. Taken together, these results suggested that morin could exert the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects against LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver injury by activating Nrf2 signal pathways and inhibiting NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Bingyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China
| | - Haihua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China.
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Rahimi-Madiseh M, Heidarian E, Kheiri S, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Effect of hydroalcoholic Allium ampeloprasum extract on oxidative stress, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 86:363-367. [PMID: 28011384 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Allium ampeloprasum (AA) is a medicinal plant which is used in Iranian traditional medicine to treat or prevent different diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of AA extract on oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in diabetic rats induced by alloxan. In this experimental study, 60 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250gr were randomly divided to five groups of 12 each including healthy control (group I), diabetic control (group II), metformin-treated diabetic positive control (group III) and two groups treated with doses 400 (group IV) and 800 (groupV) mg/kg/BW of AA extracts. Diabetes mellitus was experimentally induced by injection of two doses of alloxan-120 and 65mg/kg-within two consecutive days. Alloxan-induced diabetes caused significant increase in serum glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in group II (p<0.05). Furthermore, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased significantly and liver catalase activity decreased significantly in the 2nd group compared to 1st control; respectively p=0.0001 and p=0.009. In the group IV has seen a significant decrease in serum TG (p=0.01), TC (p=0.0001), VLDL (p=0.01), and MDA (p=0.0001) levels and significant increase in the liver and kidney catalase activities of the rats compared to the group II; respectively p=0.0001 and p=0.0001. In Conclusion our results highlight potentially relevant health beneficial effects of AA extract which exerts hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and anti-oxidative stress effects in rats with alloxan-induced diabetes. Therefore, it may be considered as useful dietary supplements in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esfandiar Heidarian
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Soleiman Kheiri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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78
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de Oliveira MR, Peres A, Ferreira GC. Pinocembrin Attenuates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells Exposed to Methylglyoxal: Role for the Erk1/2-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:1057-1072. [PMID: 28000163 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pinocembrin (PB; 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone) is found in propolis and exhibits antioxidant activity in several experimental models. The antioxidant capacity of PB is associated with the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE) signaling pathway. The Nrf2/ARE axis mediates the expression of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and the catalytic (GCLC) and regulatory (GCLM) subunits of the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), γ-glutamate-cysteine ligase (γ-GCL). Nonetheless, it is not clear how PB exerts mitochondrial protection in mammalian cells. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated (4 h) with PB (0-25 µM) and then exposed to methylglyoxal (MG; 500 µM) for further 24 h. Mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation. PB (25 µM) provided mitochondrial protection (decreased lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and protein nitration in mitochondrial membranes; decreased mitochondrial free radical production; enhanced the content of GSH in mitochondria; rescued mitochondrial membrane potential-MMP) and blocked MG-triggered cell death by a mechanism dependent on the activation of the extracellular-related kinase (Erk1/2) and consequent upregulation of Nrf2. PB increased the levels of GPx, GR, HO-1, and mitochondrial GSH. The PB-induced effects were suppressed by silencing of Nrf2 with siRNA. Therefore, PB activated the Erk1/2-Nrf2 signaling pathway resulting in mitochondrial protection in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to MG. Our work shows that PB is a strong candidate to figure among mitochondria-focusing agents with pharmacological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry/ICET, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiaba, MT, CEP 78060-900, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa da Pós-Graduação, Centro Universitário Metodista IPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Costa Ferreira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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79
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Xiong J, Wang K, Yuan C, Xing R, Ni J, Hu G, Chen F, Wang X. Luteolin protects mice from severe acute pancreatitis by exerting HO-1-mediated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Int J Mol Med 2016; 39:113-125. [PMID: 27878246 PMCID: PMC5179180 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reseda odorata L. has long been used in traditional Asian medicine for the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative injury and acute inflammation, such as endotoxemia, acute lung injury, acute myocardial infarction and hepatitis. Luteolin, the main component of Reseda odorata L., which is also widely found in many natural herbs and vege-tables, has been shown to induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of luteolin on mice with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Cerulein and lipopolysaccharide were used to induce SAP in male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice in the SAP group. The SAP group was divided into 4 subgroups, as follows: the vehicle, luteolin, zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) only, and luteolin (Lut) + ZnPP (luteolin plus zinc protoporphyrin treatment) groups. The wet/dry weight ratios, hematoxylin and eosin staining and pathological scores of pancreatic tissues were assessed and compared to those of the control mice. Amylase, lipase, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and myeloperoxidase activities, and malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and HO-1 levels, as well as the expression of HO-1 were determined in serum and/or pancreatic tissue samples. SAP was successfully induced in male mice compared to normal control mice. The wet/dry weight ratios, pathological scores, and amylase and lipase activity, as well as the levels of TNFα and IL-6 were significantly reduced in the pancreatic tissues of the mice in the Lut group compared with those of the mice in the vehicle group. The Lut group exhibited a significant increase in HO-1 expression in the pancreas and enhanced serum HO-1 and IL-10 levels compared with the vehicle group. The suppression of HO-1 activity in the ZnPP group significantly abolished the protective effects of luteolin. NF-κB expression in the pancreatic tissues from the mice in the Lut + ZnPP group was significantly increased following the suppression of HO-1 activity. On the whole, our findings demonstrate that luteolin protects mice from SAP by inducing HO-1-mediated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, in association with the suppression of the activation of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Kezhou Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Chunxiao Yuan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Rong Xing
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Guoyong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Fengling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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80
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Ali F, Rahul, Naz F, Jyoti S, Siddique YH. Health functionality of apigenin: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1207188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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81
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Lu Y, Hu J, Liu X. Bilirubin may limit heart ischemia and reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. Int J Cardiol 2016; 214:390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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82
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Wang X, Hai C. Novel insights into redox system and the mechanism of redox regulation. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:607-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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83
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Modification of Caffeic Acid with Pyrrolidine Enhances Antioxidant Ability by Activating AKT/HO-1 Pathway in Heart. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148545. [PMID: 26845693 PMCID: PMC4742076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of free radicals during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury leads to an interest in using antioxidant therapy. Activating an endogenous antioxidant signaling pathway is more important due to the fact that the free radical scavenging behavior in vitro does not always correlate with a cytoprotection effect in vivo. Caffeic acid (CA), an antioxidant, is a major phenolic constituent in nature. Pyrrolidinyl caffeamide (PLCA), a derivative of CA, was compared with CA for their antioxidant and cytoprotective effects. Our results indicate that CA and PLCA exert the same ability to scavenge DPPH in vitro. In response to myocardial I/R stress, PLCA was shown to attenuate lipid peroxydation and troponin release more than CA. These responses were accompanied with a prominent elevation in AKT and HO-1 expression and a preservation of mnSOD expression and catalase activity. PLCA also improved cell viability and alleviated the intracellular ROS level more than CA in cardiomyocytes exposed to H2O2. When inhibiting the AKT or HO-1 pathways, PLCA lost its ability to recover mnSOD expression and catalase activity to counteract with oxidative stress, suggesting AKT/HO-1 pathway activation by PLCA plays an important role. In addition, inhibition of AKT signaling further abolished HO-1 activity, while inhibition of HO-1 signaling attenuated AKT expression, indicating cross-talk between the AKT and HO-1 pathways. These protective effects may contribute to the cardiac function improvement by PLCA. These findings provide new insight into therapeutic approaches using a modified natural compound against oxidative stress from myocardial injuries.
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84
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SIRT6 safeguards human mesenchymal stem cells from oxidative stress by coactivating NRF2. Cell Res 2016; 26:190-205. [PMID: 26768768 PMCID: PMC4746611 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2016.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT6 belongs to the mammalian homologs of Sir2 histone NAD+-dependent deacylase family. In rodents, SIRT6 deficiency leads to aging-associated degeneration of mesodermal tissues. It remains unknown whether human SIRT6 has a direct role in maintaining the homeostasis of mesodermal tissues. To this end, we generated SIRT6 knockout human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by targeted gene editing. SIRT6-deficient hMSCs exhibited accelerated functional decay, a feature distinct from typical premature cellular senescence. Rather than compromised chromosomal stability, SIRT6-null hMSCs were predominately characterized by dysregulated redox metabolism and increased sensitivity to the oxidative stress. In addition, we found SIRT6 in a protein complex with both nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and RNA polymerase II, which was required for the transactivation of NRF2-regulated antioxidant genes, including heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Overexpression of HO-1 in SIRT6-null hMSCs rescued premature cellular attrition. Our study uncovers a novel function of SIRT6 in maintaining hMSC homeostasis by serving as a NRF2 coactivator, which represents a new layer of regulation of oxidative stress-associated stem cell decay.
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85
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Petersen KE, Rakipovski G, Raun K, Lykkesfeldt J. Does Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Ameliorate Oxidative Stress in Diabetes? Evidence Based on Experimental and Clinical Studies. Curr Diabetes Rev 2016; 12:331-358. [PMID: 26381142 PMCID: PMC5101636 DOI: 10.2174/1573399812666150918150608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has shown to influence the oxidative stress status in a number of in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Well-known effects of GLP-1 including better glycemic control, decreased food intake, increased insulin release and increased insulin sensitivity may indirectly contribute to this phenomenon, but glucose-independent effects on ROS level, production and antioxidant capacity have been suggested to also play a role. The potential 'antioxidant' activity of GLP-1 along with other proposed glucose-independent modes of action related to ameliorating redox imbalance remains a controversial topic but could hold a therapeutic potential against micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications. This review discusses the presently available knowledge from experimental and clinical studies on the effects of GLP-1 on oxidative stress in diabetes and diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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86
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Abraham NG, Junge JM, Drummond GS. Translational Significance of Heme Oxygenase in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 37:17-36. [PMID: 26515032 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The global epidemic of obesity continues unabated with sequelae of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. This review reflects the dramatic increase in research on the role of increased expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1/HO-2, biliverdin reductase, and HO activity on vascular disease. The HO system engages with other systems to mitigate the deleterious effects of oxidative stress in obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent reports indicate that HO-1/HO-2 protein expression and HO activity have several important roles in hemostasis and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent perturbations associated with metabolic syndrome. HO-1 protects tissue during inflammatory stress in obesity through the degradation of pro-oxidant heme and the production of carbon monoxide (CO) and bilirubin, both of which have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. By contrast, repression of HO-1 is associated with increases of cellular heme and inflammatory conditions including hypertension, stroke, and atherosclerosis. HO-1 is a major focus in the development of potential therapeutic strategies to reverse the clinical complications of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader G Abraham
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA; Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, USA.
| | - Joshua M Junge
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - George S Drummond
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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87
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Wang B, Zhang Q, Yao R, Liu X, Qu Z. 7, 8-Dihydroxyflavone Protects an Endothelial Cell Line from H2O2 Damage. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135345. [PMID: 26266800 PMCID: PMC4534426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
7, 8-dihydroxyflavone (7, 8-DHF), a selective agonist for TrkB receptors, has been well studied for its neurotrophic functions. However, its roles outside the neural tissues have scarcely been studied as yet. In this study, we investigated the protecting roles of 7, 8-DHF in EA.hy926 cells, a human umbilic vein endothelial cell line which was exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We found that 7, 8-DHF significantly protected the cells from being damaged by H2O2 through suppression of apoptosis, attenuation of inflammatory factor releasing and inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation. The potent biological effects of 7, 8-DHF were probably executed via its binding to TrkB receptors because the receptor specific antagonist ANA-12 significantly blocked its protecting effects. The protecting roles of 7, 8-DHF in EA.hy926 cells suggest that it will be a promising compound to be developed into a health product that definitely benefits endothelial functions and prevents cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxiang Wang
- Center for Medical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China; Department of Physiology, Taishan Medical College, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Center for Medical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Ruyong Yao
- Center for Medical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Xiangping Liu
- Center for Medical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qu
- Center for Medical Research, the First Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266555, China
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88
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Russo GI, Castelli T, Urzì D, Privitera S, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Calogero AE, Favilla V, Cimino S, Morgia G. Emerging links between non-neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction, metabolic syndrome and its components: A systematic review. Int J Urol 2015; 22:982-90. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniele Urzì
- Department of Urology; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | | | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
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89
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Pan CW, Zhou GY, Chen WL, Zhuge L, Jin LX, Zheng Y, Lin W, Pan ZZ. Protective effect of forsythiaside A on lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-induced liver injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 26:80-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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90
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Ataxia telangiectasia mutated inhibits oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by regulating heme oxygenase-1 expression. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 60:147-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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91
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Call JA, Chain KH, Martin KS, Lira VA, Okutsu M, Zhang M, Yan Z. Enhanced skeletal muscle expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase mitigates streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy by reducing oxidative stress and aberrant cell signaling. Circ Heart Fail 2015; 8:188-97. [PMID: 25504759 PMCID: PMC4445759 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.114.001540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training enhances extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) expression in skeletal muscle and elicits positive health outcomes in individuals with diabetes mellitus. The goal of this study was to determine if enhanced skeletal muscle expression of EcSOD is sufficient to mitigate streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Exercise training promotes EcSOD expression in skeletal muscle and provides protection against diabetic cardiomyopathy; however, it is not known if enhanced expression of EcSOD in skeletal muscle plays a functional role in this protection. Here, we show that skeletal muscle-specific EcSOD transgenic mice are protected from cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction under the condition of type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin injection. We also show that both exercise training and muscle-specific transgenic expression of EcSOD result in elevated EcSOD protein in the blood and heart without increased transcription in the heart, suggesting that enhanced expression of EcSOD from skeletal muscle redistributes to the heart. Importantly, cardiac tissue in transgenic mice displayed significantly reduced oxidative stress, aberrant cell signaling, and inflammatory cytokine expression compared with wild-type mice under the same diabetic condition. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced expression of EcSOD in skeletal muscle is sufficient to mitigate streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy through attenuation of oxidative stress, aberrant cell signaling, and inflammation, suggesting a cross-organ mechanism by which exercise training improves cardiac function in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod A Call
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Kristopher H Chain
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Kyle S Martin
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Vitor A Lira
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Mitsuharu Okutsu
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Mei Zhang
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Zhen Yan
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
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92
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Music E, Khan S, Khamis I, Heikkila JJ. Accumulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HSP32) in Xenopus laevis A6 kidney epithelial cells treated with sodium arsenite, cadmium chloride or proteasomal inhibitors. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 166:75-87. [PMID: 25064141 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of sodium arsenite, cadmium chloride, heat shock and the proteasomal inhibitors MG132, withaferin A and celastrol on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1; also known as HSP32) accumulation in Xenopus laevis A6 kidney epithelial cells. Immunoblot analysis revealed that HO-1 accumulation was not induced by heat shock but was enhanced by sodium arsenite and cadmium chloride in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Immunocytochemistry revealed that these metals induced HO-1 accumulation in a granular pattern primarily in the cytoplasm. Additionally, in 20% of the cells arsenite induced the formation of large HO-1-containing perinuclear structures. In cells recovering from sodium arsenite or cadmium chloride treatment, HO-1 accumulation initially increased to a maximum at 12h followed by a 50% reduction at 48 h. This initial increase in HO-1 levels was likely the result of new synthesis as it was inhibited by cycloheximide. Interestingly, treatment of cells with a mild heat shock enhanced HO-1 accumulation induced by low concentrations of sodium arsenite and cadmium chloride. Finally, we determined that HO-1 accumulation was induced in A6 cells by the proteasomal inhibitors, MG132, withaferin A and celastrol. An examination of heavy metal and proteasomal inhibitor-induced HO-1 accumulation in amphibians is of importance given the presence of toxic heavy metals in aquatic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ena Music
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saad Khan
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Imran Khamis
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - John J Heikkila
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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93
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Guanosine prevents behavioral alterations in the forced swimming test and hippocampal oxidative damage induced by acute restraint stress. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 127:7-14. [PMID: 25316306 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Guanosine is a guanine-based purine that modulates glutamate uptake and exerts neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects. In a previous study, our group demonstrated that this endogenous nucleoside displays antidepressant-like properties in a predictive animal model. Based on the role of oxidative stress in modulating depressive disorders as well as on the association between the neuroprotective and antioxidant properties of guanosine, here we investigated if its antidepressant-like effect is accompanied by a modulation of hippocampal oxidant/antioxidant parameters. Adult Swiss mice were submitted to an acute restraint stress protocol, which is known to cause behavioral changes that are associated with neuronal oxidative damage. Animals submitted to ARS exhibited an increased immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST) and the administration of guanosine (5mg/kg, p.o.) or fluoxetine (10mg/kg, p.o., positive control) before the exposure to stressor prevented this alteration. Moreover, the significantly increased levels of hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA; an indicator of lipid peroxidation), induced by ARS were not observed in stressed mice treated with guanosine. Although no changes were found in the hippocampal levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), the group submitted to ARS procedure presented enhanced glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and reduced catalase (CAT) activity in the hippocampus. Guanosine was able to prevent the alterations in GPx, GR, CAT activities, and in SOD/CAT activity ratio, but potentiated the increase in SOD activity elicited by ARS. Altogether, the present findings indicate that the observed antidepressant-like effects of guanosine might be related, at least in part, to its capability of modulating antioxidant defenses and mitigating hippocampal oxidative damage induced by ARS.
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94
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Vanella L, Russo GI, Cimino S, Fragalà E, Favilla V, Li Volti G, Barbagallo I, Sorrenti V, Morgia G. Correlation Between Lipid Profile and Heme Oxygenase System in Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Urology 2014; 83:1444.e7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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95
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Ndisang JF, Jadhav A. Hemin therapy improves kidney function in male streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: role of the heme oxygenase/atrial natriuretic peptide/adiponectin axis. Endocrinology 2014; 155:215-29. [PMID: 24140713 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by elevated macrophage infiltration and inflammation. Although heme-oxygenase (HO) is cytoprotective, its role in macrophage infiltration and nephropathy in type 1 diabetes is not completely elucidated. Administering the HO inducer, hemin, to streptozotocin-diabetic rats suppressed renal proinflammatory macrophage-M1 phenotype alongside several proinflammatory agents, chemokines, and cytokines including macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), macrophage-chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and aldosterone, a stimulator of the inflammatory/oxidative transcription factor, NF-κB. Similarly, hemin therapy attenuated extracellular matrix/profibrotic proteins implicated in renal injury including fibronectin, collagen-IV, and TGF-β1 and reduced several renal histopathological lesions such as glomerulosclerosis, tubular necrosis, tubular vacuolization, and interstitial macrophage infiltration. Furthermore, hemin reduced markers of kidney dysfunction like proteinuria and albuminuria but increased creatinine clearance, suggesting improved kidney function. Correspondingly, hemin significantly enhanced the antiinflammatory macrophage-M2 phenotype, IL-10, adiponectin, HO-1, HO activity, and atrial natriuretic-peptide (ANP), a substance that abates TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, with parallel increase of urinary cGMP, a surrogate marker of ANP. Contrarily, coadministering the HO inhibitor, chromium-mesoporphyrin with the HO-inducer, hemin nullified the antidiabetic and renoprotective effects, whereas administering chromium-mesoporphyrin alone abrogated basal HO activity, reduced basal adiponectin and ANP levels, aggravated hyperglycemia, and further increased MCP-1, MIP-1α, aldosterone, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, proteinuria/albuminuria, and aggravated creatinine clearance, thus exacerbating renal dysfunction, suggesting the importance of the basal HO-adiponectin-ANP axis in renoprotection and kidney function. Collectively, these data suggest that hemin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by selectively enhancing the antiinflammatory macrophage-M2 phenotype and IL-10 while concomitantly abating the proinflammatory macrophage-M1 phenotype and suppressing extracellular matrix/profibrotic factors with reduction of renal lesions including interstitial macrophage infiltration. Because aldosterone stimulate NF-κB, which activates cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β that in turn stimulate chemokines such as MCP-1 and MIP-1α to promote macrophage-M1 infiltration, the hemin-dependent potentiation of the HO-adiponectin-ANP axis may account for reduced macrophage infiltration and inflammatory insults in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Fomusi Ndisang
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E5
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96
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Liu W, Liu K, Tao H, Chen C, Zhang JH, Sun X. Hyperoxia preconditioning: the next frontier in neurology? Neurol Res 2013; 34:415-21. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132812y.0000000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Liu
- Department of Diving MedicineThe Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Liu
- Department of Diving MedicineThe Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hengyi Tao
- Department of Diving MedicineThe Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and EmbryologyPeking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyLoma Linda Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of Diving MedicineThe Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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97
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Liu X, Cui Y, Li M, Xu H, Zuo J, Fang F, Chang Y. Cobalt protoporphyrin induces HO-1 expression mediated partially by FOXO1 and reduces mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species production. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80521. [PMID: 24255720 PMCID: PMC3821864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species arise in the mitochondria as byproducts of respiration and oxidase activity and have important roles in many physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The level of reactive oxygen species is regulated by a number of enzymes and physiological antioxidants, including HO-1, Sod2, catalase and COX-2, etc. And HO-1 against oxidative stress requires an increase in stress-responsive genes, such as Sod2 and catalase. Especially for the activity of HO-1, cobalt protoporphyrin is known to be a potent and effective inducer in many tissues. The transcription factor, FOXO1 is resistant to oxidative stress through downregulating reactive oxygen species production. Previous study showed that FOXO1 induces HO-1 expression by binding to HO-1 promoter. The question whether cobalt protoporphyrin induces HO-1 expression mediated by FOXO1 and subsequently lessens reactive oxygen species production remains to be elucidated. Results Cobalt protoporphyrin enhances the expression of FOXO1 and facilitates FOXO1 binding to HO-1 promoter and increasing its transcriptional activity without influencing the FOXO1 protein stability. CoPP induces HO-1 and other oxidative stress-responsive genes expression, such as catalase, cytochrome c, Sod2, and COX-2, and decreases mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species production, which are mediated partially by FOXO1. Conclusions Cobalt protoporphyrin induces HO-1 and other oxidative stress-responsive genes expression mediated partially by FOXO1, and has an important role in reducing cellular reactive oxygen species level. Cobalt protoporphyrin may be a more promising therapeutic agent to upregulate some antioxidantive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Liu
- The National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (FF); (YC)
| | - Ying Cui
- The National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meixia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Interventional Therapy, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zuo
- The National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fude Fang
- The National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (FF); (YC)
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- The National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (FF); (YC)
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98
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Sudhahar V, Urao N, Oshikawa J, McKinney RD, Llanos RM, Mercer JF, Ushio-Fukai M, Fukai T. Copper transporter ATP7A protects against endothelial dysfunction in type 1 diabetic mice by regulating extracellular superoxide dismutase. Diabetes 2013; 62:3839-50. [PMID: 23884884 PMCID: PMC3806617 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction contribute to vascular complication in diabetes. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is one of the key antioxidant enzymes that obtains copper via copper transporter ATP7A. SOD3 is secreted from vascular smooth muscles cells (VSMCs) and anchors at the endothelial surface. The role of SOD3 and ATP7A in endothelial dysfunction in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is entirely unknown. Here we show that the specific activity of SOD3, but not SOD1, is decreased, which is associated with increased O2(•-) production in aortas of streptozotocin-induced and genetically induced Ins2(Akita) T1DM mice. Exogenous copper partially rescued SOD3 activity in isolated T1DM vessels. Functionally, acetylcholine-induced, endothelium-dependent relaxation is impaired in T1DM mesenteric arteries, which is rescued by SOD mimetic tempol or gene transfer of SOD3. Mechanistically, ATP7A expression in T1DM vessels is dramatically decreased whereas other copper transport proteins are not altered. T1DM-induced endothelial dysfunction and decrease of SOD3 activity are rescued in transgenic mice overexpressing ATP7A. Furthermore, SOD3-deficient T1DM mice or ATP7A mutant T1DM mice augment endothelial dysfunction and vascular O2(•-) production versus T1DM mice. These effects are in part due to hypoinsulinemia in T1DM mice, since insulin treatment, but not high glucose, increases ATP7A expression in VSMCs and restores SOD3 activity in the organoid culture of T1DM vessels. In summary, a decrease in ATP7A protein expression contributes to impaired SOD3 activity, resulting in O2(•-) overproduction and endothelial dysfunction in blood vessels of T1DM. Thus, restoring copper transporter function is an essential therapeutic approach for oxidant stress-dependent vascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varadarajan Sudhahar
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Norifumi Urao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jin Oshikawa
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ronald D. McKinney
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Roxana M. Llanos
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Julian F.B. Mercer
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tohru Fukai
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
- Corresponding author: Tohru Fukai,
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99
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Therapeutic roles of heme oxygenase-1 in metabolic diseases: curcumin and resveratrol analogues as possible inducers of heme oxygenase-1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:639541. [PMID: 24101950 PMCID: PMC3786516 DOI: 10.1155/2013/639541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, type II diabetes, and obesity, are associated with a low-grade chronic inflammation (inflammatory stress), oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Because the integration of these stresses is critical to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, agents and cellular molecules that can modulate these stress responses are emerging as potential targets for intervention and treatment of metabolic diseases. It has been recognized that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays an important role in cellular protection. Because HO-1 can reduce inflammatory stress, oxidative stress, and ER stress, in part by exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects, HO-1 has been suggested to play important roles in pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. In the present review, we will explore our current understanding of the protective mechanisms of HO-1 in metabolic diseases and present some emerging therapeutic options for HO-1 expression in treating metabolic diseases, together with the therapeutic potential of curcumin and resveratrol analogues that have their ability to induce HO-1 expression.
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100
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Kumar S, Prasad S, Sitasawad SL. Multiple antioxidants improve cardiac complications and inhibit cardiac cell death in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67009. [PMID: 23843977 PMCID: PMC3699585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy, a disorder of the heart muscle in diabetic patients, is one of the major causes of heart failure. Since diabetic cardiomyopathy is now known to have a high prevalence in the asymptomatic diabetic patient, prevention at the earliest stage of development by existing molecules would be appropriate in order to prevent the progression of heart failure. In this study, we investigated the protective role of multiple antioxidants (MA), on cardiac dysfunction and cardiac cell apoptosis in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat. Diabetic cardiomyopathy in STZ-treated animals was characterized by declined systolic, diastolic myocardial performance, oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiac cells. Diabetic rats on supplementation with MA showed decreased oxidative stress evaluated by the content of reduced levels of lipid per-oxidation and decreased activity of catalase with down-regulation of heme-oxygenase-1 mRNA. Supplementation with MA also resulted in a normalized lipid profile and decreased levels of pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-kappaB as well as cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β, and IL-10. MA was found to decrease the expression of ROS-generating enzymes like xanthine oxidase, monoamine oxidase-A along with 5-Lipoxygenase mRNA and/or protein expression. Further, left ventricular function, measured by a microtip pressure transducer, was re-established as evidenced by increase in ±dp/dtmax, heart rate, decreased blood pressure, systolic and diastolic pressure as well as decrease in the TUNEL positive cardiac cells with increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. In addition, MA supplementation decreased cell death and activation of NF-kappaB in cardiac H9c2 cells. Based on our results, we conclude that MA supplementation significantly attenuated cardiac dysfunction in diabetic rats; hence MA supplementation may have important clinical implications in terms of prevention and management of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Sandhya L. Sitasawad
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
- * E-mail:
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