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Targeting Bacteria and Methanogens To Understand the Role of Residual Slurry as an Inoculant in Stored Liquid Dairy Manure. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02830-17. [PMID: 29374043 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02830-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities in residual slurry left after removal of stored liquid dairy manure have been presumed to increase methane emission during new storage, but these microbes have not been studied. While actual manure storage tanks are filled gradually, pilot- and farm-scale studies on methane emissions from such systems often use a batch approach. In this study, six pilot-scale outdoor storage tanks with (10% and 20%) and without residual slurry were filled (gradually or in batch) with fresh dairy manure, and methane and methanogenic and bacterial communities were studied during 120 days of storage. Regardless of filling type, increased residual slurry levels resulted in higher abundance of methanogens and bacteria after 65 days of storage. However, stronger correlation between methanogen abundance and methane flux was observed in gradually filled tanks. Despite some variations in the diversity of methanogens or bacteria with the presence of residual slurry, core phylotypes were not impacted. In all samples, the phylum Firmicutes predominated (∼57 to 70%) bacteria: >90% were members of ClostridiaMethanocorpusculum dominated (∼57 to 88%) archaeal phylotypes, while Methanosarcina gradually increased with storage time. During peak flux of methane, Methanosarcina was the major player in methane production. The results suggest that increased levels of residual slurry have little impact on the dominant methanogenic or bacterial phylotypes, but large population sizes of these organisms may result in increased methane flux during the initial phases of storage.IMPORTANCE Methane is the major greenhouse gas emitted from stored liquid dairy manure. Residual slurry left after removal of stored manure from tanks has been implicated in increasing methane emissions in new storages, and well-adapted microbial communities in it are the drivers of the increase. Linking methane flux to the abundance, diversity, and activity of microbial communities in stored slurries with different levels of residual slurry can help to improve the mitigation strategy. Mesoscale and lab-scale studies conducted so far on methane flux from manure storage systems used batch-filled tanks, while the actual condition in many farms involves gradual filling. Hence, this study provides important information toward determining levels of residual slurry that result in significant reduction of well-adapted microbial communities prior to storage, thereby reducing methane emissions from manure storage tanks filled under farm conditions.
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Dalby FR, Hansen MJ, Feilberg A. Application of Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) and 33S Isotope Labeling for Monitoring Sulfur Processes in Livestock Waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:2100-2107. [PMID: 29338206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduced sulfur compounds emitted from livestock production cause odor nuisance for local residents. The microbial processes responsible for this are not well described in swine manure and a method for monitoring the biological processes is necessary to develop strategic abatement technologies. In this study, Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry and isotope-labeled sulfate were combined and applied to elucidate the sulfur processes in swine manure with high time resolution. We successfully monitored reduction of isotope 33S labeled sulfate into corresponding 33S hydrogen sulfide and found that some of the 33S hydrogen sulfide was further methylated into 33S methanethiol. The isotope patterns in reduced sulfur compounds together with usage of inhibitors enabled us to calculate a sulfate reduction rate of 1.03 ± 0.18 mM/day equivalent to 76.9 ± 3.0% of total hydrogen sulfide emissions. Cysteine degradation constituted 20.2 ± 2.7% of the total hydrogen sulfide produced and the remaining hydrogen sulfide came from demethylation of methanethiol and dimethyl sulfide. Another source to methanethiol, besides hydrogen sulfide methylation, was methionine degradation, which contributed with 78.3 ± 2.5% of the methanethiol production, whereas the remaining 21.7 ± 2.5% came from hydrogen sulfide methylation. This study suggests, therefore, that emissions of odorous sulfur compounds from swine manure can be reduced by inhibiting methionine degradation and sulfate reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik R Dalby
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University , Hangøvej 2, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Michael J Hansen
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University , Hangøvej 2, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Anders Feilberg
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University , Hangøvej 2, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Lim JW, Ge T, Tong YW. Monitoring of microbial communities in anaerobic digestion sludge for biogas optimisation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 71:334-341. [PMID: 29037880 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study characterised and compared the microbial communities of anaerobic digestion (AD) sludge using three different methods - (1) Clone library; (2) Pyrosequencing; and (3) Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Although high-throughput sequencing techniques are becoming increasingly popular and affordable, the reliance of such techniques for frequent monitoring of microbial communities may be a financial burden for some. Furthermore, the depth of microbial analysis revealed by high-throughput sequencing may not be required for monitoring purposes. This study aims to develop a rapid, reliable and economical approach for the monitoring of microbial communities in AD sludge. A combined approach where genetic information of sequences from clone library was used to assign phylogeny to T-RFs determined experimentally was developed in this study. In order to assess the effectiveness of the combined approach, microbial communities determined by the combined approach was compared to that characterised by pyrosequencing. Results showed that both pyrosequencing and clone library methods determined the dominant bacteria phyla to be Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Thermotogae. Both methods also found that sludge A and B were predominantly dominated by acetogenic methanogens followed by hydrogenotrophic methanogens. The number of OTUs detected by T-RFLP was significantly lesser than that detected by the clone library. In this study, T-RFLP analysis identified majority of the dominant species of the archaeal consortia. However, many of the more highly diverse bacteria consortia were missed. Nevertheless, the combined approach developed in this study where clone sequences from the clone library were used to assign phylogeny to T-RFs determined experimentally managed to accurately predict the same dominant microbial groups for both sludge A and sludge B, as compared to the pyrosequencing results. Results showed that the combined approach of clone library and T-RFLP accurately predicted the dominant microbial groups and thus is a reliable and more economical way to monitor the evolution of microbial systems in AD sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei Lim
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
| | - Tianshu Ge
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
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Mulat DG, Dibdiakova J, Horn SJ. Microbial biogas production from hydrolysis lignin: insight into lignin structural changes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:61. [PMID: 29541158 PMCID: PMC5844095 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emerging cellulosic bioethanol industry will generate huge amounts of lignin-rich residues that may be converted into biogas by anaerobic digestion (AD) to increase the output of energy carriers from the biorefinery plants. The carbohydrates fraction of lignocellulosic biomass is degradable, whereas the lignin fraction is generally considered difficult to degrade during AD. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of biogas production by AD from hydrolysis lignin (HL), prepared by steam explosion (SE) and enzymatic saccharification of birch. A novel nylon bag technique together with two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to identify recalcitrant and degradable structures in the lignin during AD. RESULTS The HL had a lignin content of 80% which included pseudo-lignin and condensed-lignin structures resulting from the SE pretreatment. The obtained methane yield from HL was almost twofold higher than the theoretical methane from the carbohydrate fraction alone, indicating that part of the lignin was converted to methane. Characterization of the undegradable material after AD revealed a substantial loss of signals characteristic for carbohydrates and lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC), indicating conversion of these chemical components to methane during AD. The β-O-4' linkage and resinol were not modified as such in AD, but major change was seen for the S/G ratio from 5.8 to 2.6, phenylcoumaran from 4.9 to 1.0%, and pseudo-lignin and condensed-lignin were clearly degraded. Scanning electron microscopy and simultaneous thermal analysis measurements demonstrated changes in morphology and thermal properties following SE pretreatment and AD. Our results showed that carbohydrate, LCC, pseudo-lignin, and condensed-lignin degradation had contributed to methane production. The energy yield for the combined ethanol production and biogas production was 8.1 MJ fuel per kg DM of substrate (4.9 MJ/kg from ethanol and 3.2 MJ/kg from methane). CONCLUSION This study shows the benefit of using a novel bag technique together with advanced analytical techniques to investigate the degradation mechanisms of lignin during AD, and also points to a possible application of HL produced in cellulosic bioethanol plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Girma Mulat
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Janka Dibdiakova
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Svein Jarle Horn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
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John M, Trzcinski AP, Zhou Y, Ng WJ. Microbial stress mediated intercellular nanotubes in an anaerobic microbial consortium digesting cellulose. Sci Rep 2017; 7:18006. [PMID: 29269771 PMCID: PMC5740137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18198-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The anaerobic digestion process is a multi - step reaction dependent on concerted activities such as exchange of metabolites among physiologically different microbial communities. This study investigated the impact of iron oxide nanoparticles on the anaerobic sludge microbiota. It was shown there were three distinct microbial phases following addition of the nanoparticles: microbial stress and cell death of approximately one log order of magnitude, followed by microbial rewiring, and recovery. Furthermore, it was noted that cellular stress led to the establishment of intercellular nanotubes within the microbial biomass. Intercellular nanotube - mediated communication among genetically engineered microorganisms and ad hoc assembled co - cultures have been previously reported. This study presents evidence of intercellular nanotube formation within an environmental sample - i.e., anaerobic sludge microbiota subjected to stress. Our observations suggested a mode of microbial communication in the anaerobic digestion process not previously explored and which may have implications on bioreactor design and microbial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina John
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, #06-08, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
- Division of Environmental and Water Resources, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Antoine Prandota Trzcinski
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, #06-08, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhou
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, #06-08, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Wun Jern Ng
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, #06-08, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
- Division of Environmental and Water Resources, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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Chen H, Chang S. Impact of temperatures on microbial community structures of sewage sludge biological hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:502-510. [PMID: 28898850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the biological hydrolysis performance at 35°C (BH35), 42°C (BH42), and 55°C (BH55) and the effect of temperatures on microbial communities of the hydrolyzed sludge. The results showed that the suspended solid reduction, volatile fatty acids (VFA) production, and biogas production increased with the BH temperatures. VFAs produced in the sludge BH included acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, and isovaleric acid with the fractions of acetic acid increased with BH temperatures. The Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis showed that the microbial taxonomic structures of the BH systems varied with BH temperatures. It was found that Acidaminobacter at 35°C, Proteiniphilum and Lutispor at 42°C, and Gelria at 55°C were the main protein fermenting bacteria genera, while the carbohydrate fermenting bacteria might belong to the genera of Macellibacteroides and Paludibacter at 35°C, Fronticella at 42°C, and Tepidimicrobium at 55°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Chen
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sheng Chang
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Alexandropoulou M, Antonopoulou G, Fragkou E, Ntaikou I, Lyberatos G. Fungal pretreatment of willow sawdust and its combination with alkaline treatment for enhancing biogas production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 203:704-713. [PMID: 27080567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study fungal pretreatment of willow sawdust (WSD) via the white rot fungi Leiotrametes menziesii and Abortiporus biennis was studied and the effect on fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass and biochemical methane potential (BMP), was evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and IR spectroscopy were used to investigate the changes in the structural characteristics of the pretreated WSD. Fungal pretreatment results revealed that A. biennis is more attractive, since it resulted in higher lignin degradation and lower holocellulose uptake. Samples of the 14th and 30th d of cultivation (i.e. the middle and the end of the pretreatment experiment) with both fungi were used for BMP tests and the effect of pretreatment duration was also evaluated. BMP increase by 31 and 43% was obtained due to the cultivation of WSD with A. biennis, for 14 and 30 d, respectively. In addition, combination of biological (after 30 d of cultivation) with alkaline (NaOH 20 g/100 gTS) pretreatment was performed, in order to assess the effect of the chemical agent on biologically pretreated WSD, in terms of lignocellulosic content and BMP. Combination of alkaline with fungal pretreatment led to high lignin degradation for both fungi, while the cellulose and hemicellulose removal efficiencies were higher for combined alkaline and L. menziesii pretreatment. The maximum BMP was observed for the combined alkaline and A. biennis pretreatment and was 12.5 and 50.1% higher than the respective alkaline and fungal pretreatment alone and 115% higher than the respective BMP of raw WSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alexandropoulou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadiou, Platani, Patras GR 26504, Greece; School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Antonopoulou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadiou, Platani, Patras GR 26504, Greece.
| | - Efsevia Fragkou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Karatheodori 1, Patras GR 26500, Greece
| | - Ioanna Ntaikou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadiou, Platani, Patras GR 26504, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Lyberatos
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadiou, Platani, Patras GR 26504, Greece; School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR 15780 Athens, Greece
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Zhang J, Zhang L, Loh KC, Dai Y, Tong YW. Enhanced anaerobic digestion of food waste by adding activated carbon: Fate of bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pampillón-González L, Ortiz-Cornejo NL, Luna-Guido M, Dendooven L, Navarro-Noya YE. Archaeal and Bacterial Community Structure in an Anaerobic Digestion Reactor (Lagoon Type) Used for Biogas Production at a Pig Farm. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 27:306-317. [DOI: 10.1159/000479108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogas production from animal waste is an economically viable way to reduce environmental pollution and produce valuable products, i.e<i>.</i>, methane and a nutrient-rich organic waste product. An anaerobic digestion reactor for biogas production from pig waste was sampled at the entrance, middle (digestion chamber), and exit of a digester, while the bacterial and archaeal community structure was studied by 16S rRNA gene metagenomics. The number of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTU)-97% was 3-7 times larger than that of archaeal ones. Bacteria and Archaea found in feces of animals (e.g., Clostridiaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, <i>Methanosarcina</i>, <i>Methanolobus</i>, <i>Methanosaeta</i>, and <i>Methanospirillum</i>) dominated the entrance of the digester. The digestion chamber was dominated by anaerobic sugar-fermenting OP9 bacteria and the syntrophic bacteria <i>Candidatus</i> Cloacamonas (Waste Water of Evry 1; WWE1). The methanogens dominant in the digestion chamber were the acetoclastic <i>Methanosaeta</i> and the hydrogenothrophic <i>Methanoculleus</i> and <i>Methanospirillum</i>. Similar bacterial and archaeal groups that dominated in the middle of the digestion chamber were found in the waste that left the digester. Predicted functions associated with degradation of xenobiotic compounds were significantly different between the sampling locations. The microbial community found in an anaerobic digestion reactor loaded with pig manure contained microorganisms with biochemical capacities related to the 4 phases of methane production.
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Doloman A, Soboh Y, Walters AJ, Sims RC, Miller CD. Qualitative Analysis of Microbial Dynamics during Anaerobic Digestion of Microalgal Biomass in a UASB Reactor. Int J Microbiol 2017; 2017:5291283. [PMID: 29259629 PMCID: PMC5702946 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5291283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a microbiologically coordinated process with dynamic relationships between bacterial players. Current understanding of dynamic changes in the bacterial composition during the AD process is incomplete. The objective of this research was to assess changes in bacterial community composition that coordinates with anaerobic codigestion of microalgal biomass cultivated on municipal wastewater. An upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor was used to achieve high rates of microalgae decomposition and biogas production. Samples of the sludge were collected throughout AD and extracted DNA was subjected to next-generation sequencing using methanogen mcrA gene specific and universal bacterial primers. Analysis of the data revealed that samples taken at different stages of AD had varying bacterial composition. A group consisting of Bacteroidales, Pseudomonadales, and Enterobacteriales was identified to be putatively responsible for the hydrolysis of microalgal biomass. The methanogenesis phase was dominated by Methanosarcina mazei. Results of observed changes in the composition of microbial communities during AD can be used as a road map to stimulate key bacterial species identified at each phase of AD to increase yield of biogas and rate of substrate decomposition. This research demonstrates a successful exploitation of methane production from microalgae without any biomass pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Doloman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Old Main Hill 4105, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Yousef Soboh
- Department of Food Processing, Palestine Technical Colleges, Arroub, P.O. Box 14, West Bank, State of Palestine
| | - Andrew J. Walters
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Old Main Hill 4105, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Ronald C. Sims
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Old Main Hill 4105, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
| | - Charles D. Miller
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Old Main Hill 4105, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA
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Rodriguez C, Alaswad A, El-Hassan Z, Olabi AG. Mechanical pretreatment of waste paper for biogas production. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 68:157-164. [PMID: 28688546 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic materials such as waste paper, the accessibility of microorganisms to the fermentable sugars is restricted by their complex structure. A mechanical pretreatment with a Hollander beater was assessed in order to reduce the biomass particle size and to increase the feedstock' specific surface area available to the microorganisms, and therefore improve the biogas yield. Pretreatment of paper waste for 60min improves the methane yield by 21%, from a value of 210ml/gVS corresponding to untreated paper waste to 254ml/gVS. 30min pretreatment have no significant effect on the methane yield. A response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of the beating time and feedstock/inoculum ratio on the methane yield. An optimum methane yield of 253ml/gVS was achieved at 55min of beating pretreatment and a F/I ratio of 0.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rodriguez
- Institute of Engineering and Energy Technologies, School of Engineering and Computing, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK.
| | - A Alaswad
- School of Engineering and the Built Environment, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B5 5JU, UK
| | - Z El-Hassan
- Institute of Engineering and Energy Technologies, School of Engineering and Computing, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
| | - A G Olabi
- Institute of Engineering and Energy Technologies, School of Engineering and Computing, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
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Wojcieszak M, Pyzik A, Poszytek K, Krawczyk PS, Sobczak A, Lipinski L, Roubinek O, Palige J, Sklodowska A, Drewniak L. Adaptation of Methanogenic Inocula to Anaerobic Digestion of Maize Silage. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1881. [PMID: 29033919 PMCID: PMC5625012 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A well-balanced microbial consortium is crucial for efficient biogas production. In turn, one of a major factor that influence on the structure of anaerobic digestion (AD) consortium is a source of microorganisms which are used as an inoculum. This study evaluated the influence of inoculum sources (with various origin) on adaptation of a biogas community and the efficiency of the biomethanization of maize silage. As initial inocula for AD of maize silage the samples from: (i) an agricultural biogas plant (ABP) which utilizes maize silage as a main substrate, (ii) cattle slurry (CS), which contain elevated levels of lignocelluloses materials, and (iii) raw sewage sludge (RSS) with low content of plant origin materials were used. The adaptation of methanogenic consortia was monitored during a series of passages, and the functionality of the adapted consortia was verified through start-up operation of AD in two-stage reactors. During the first stages of the adaptation phase, methanogenic consortia occurred very slowly, and only after several passages did the microbial community adapts to allow production of biogas with high methane content. The ABP consortium revealed highest biogas production in the adaptation and in the start-up process. The biodiversity dynamics monitored during adaptation and start-up process showed that community profile changed in a similar direction in three studied consortia. Native communities were very distinct to each other, while at the end of the Phase II of the start-up process microbial diversity profile was similar in all consortia. All adopted bacterial communities were dominated by representatives of Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Synergistaceae. A shift from low acetate-preferring acetoclastic Methanosaetaceae (ABP and RSS) and/or hydrogenotrophic Archaea, e.g., Methanomicrobiaceae (CS) prevailing in the inoculum samples to larger populations of high acetate-preferring acetoclastic Methanosarcinaceae was observed by the end of the experiment. As a result, three independent, functional communities that syntrophically produced methane from acetate (primarily) and H2/CO2, methanol and methylamines were adapted. This study provides new insights into the specific process by which different inocula sampled from typical methanogenic environments that are commonly used to initiate industrial installations gradually adapted to allow biogas production from maize silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Wojcieszak
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Analysis, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Pyzik
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Poszytek
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Analysis, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel S Krawczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Sobczak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Lipinski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Otton Roubinek
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Palige
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sklodowska
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Analysis, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Drewniak
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Analysis, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Efficacies of Various Anaerobic Starter Seeds for Biogas Production from Different Types of Wastewater. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2782850. [PMID: 28932741 PMCID: PMC5592398 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2782850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Various anaerobic starter seeds from different sources were investigated for their efficacies in treatment of different types of wastewater. Six combinations of starter seeds and wastewaters were selected out of 25 combination batch experiments and operated in semicontinuous reactors. It was noticed that the efficacies of various anaerobic starter seeds for biogas production from different types of wastewater in terms of reactor performance and stability were depended on wastewater characteristics and F/M ratio affecting microbial community and their microbial activities. However, exogenous starter seed can be used across different types of wastewater with or without acclimatization. Four reactors reached the targeted OLR of 2 kg COD/m3·d with high performance and stability except for concentrated rubber wastewater (RBw), even using high active starter seeds of cassava starch (CSs) and palm oil (POs). The toxic compounds in RBw such as ammonia and sulfate might also adversely affect methanogenic activity in CSsRBw and POsRBw reactors. DGGE analysis showed that propionate utilizers, Smithella propionica strain LYP and Syntrophus sp., were detected in all samples. For Archaea domain, methylotrophic, hydrogenotrophic, and acetoclastic methanogens were also detected. Syntrophic relationships were assumed between propionate utilizers and methanogens as acetate/H2 producers and utilizers, respectively.
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Retracted: Microbial Ecology of Anaerobic Digesters: The Key Players of Anaerobiosis. ScientificWorldJournal 2017; 2017:3852369. [PMID: 28785722 PMCID: PMC5529646 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3852369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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66
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Sidhu C, Vikram S, Pinnaka AK. Unraveling the Microbial Interactions and Metabolic Potentials in Pre- and Post-treated Sludge from a Wastewater Treatment Plant Using Metagenomic Studies. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1382. [PMID: 28769920 PMCID: PMC5515832 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sewage waste represents an ecosystem of complex and interactive microbial consortia which proliferate with different kinetics according to their individual genetic as well as metabolic potential. We performed metagenomic shotgun sequencing on Ion-Torrent platform, to explore the microbial community structure, their biological interactions and associated functional capacity of pre-treated/raw sludge (RS) and post-treated/dried sludge (DS) of wastewater treatment plant. Bacterial phylotypes belonging to Epsilonproteobacteria (∼45.80%) dominated the RS with relatively few Archaea (∼1.94%) whereas DS has the dominance of beta- (30.23%) and delta- (13.38%) classes of Proteobacteria with relatively greater abundance of Archaea (∼7.18%). In particular, Epsilonproteobacteria appears as a primary energy source in RS and sulfur-reducing bacteria with methanogens seems to be in the potential syntrophic association in DS. These interactions could be ultimately responsible for carrying out amino-acid degradation, aromatic compound degradation and degradation of propionate and butyrate in DS. Our data also reveal the presence of key genes in the sludge microbial community responsible for degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Potential pathogenic microbes and genes for the virulence factors were found to be relatively abundant in RS which clearly reflect the necessity of treatment of RS. After treatment, potential pathogens load was reduced, indicating the sludge hygienisation in DS. Additionally, the interactions found in this study would reveal the biological and environmental cooperation among microbial communities for domestic wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandni Sidhu
- Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial TechnologyChandigarh, India
| | - Surendra Vikram
- Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial TechnologyChandigarh, India.,Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of PretoriaPretoria, South Africa
| | - Anil Kumar Pinnaka
- Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial TechnologyChandigarh, India
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68
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Ma S, Huang Y, Wang C, Fan H, Dai L, Zhou Z, Liu X, Deng Y. Defluviitalea raffinosedens sp. nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic, saccharolytic bacterium isolated from an anaerobic batch digester treating animal manure and rice straw. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:1607-1612. [PMID: 27902335 PMCID: PMC5817277 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A thermophilic, anaerobic, fermentative bacterium, strain A6T, was obtained from an anaerobic batch digester treating animal manure and rice straw. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, slightly curved rods with a size of 0.6-1×2.5-8.2 µm, non-motile and produced terminal spores. The temperature, pH and NaCl concentration ranges for growth were 40-60 °C, 6.5-8.0 and 0-15.0 g l-1, with optimum growth noted at 50-55 °C, pH 7.5 and in the absence of NaCl, respectively. Yeast extract was required for growth. d-Glucose, maltose, d-xylose, d-galactose, d-fructose, d-ribose, lactose, raffinose, sucrose, d-arabinose, cellobiose, d-mannose and yeast extract were used as carbon and energy sources. The fermentation products from glucose were ethanol, lactate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, iso-butyrate, iso-valerate, H2 and CO2. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 36.6 mol%. The predominant fatty acids were C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 1, C14 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 N-alcohol and C13 : 0 3-OH. Respiratory quinones were not detected. The polar lipid profile comprised phosphoglycolipids, phospholipids, glycolipids, a diphosphatidylglycerol, a phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified lipid. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the strain was closely related to Defluviitalea saccharophila DSM 22681T with a similarity of 96.0 %. Based on the morphological, physiological and taxonomic characterization, strain A6T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Defluviitalea, for which the name Defluviitalea raffinosedens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A6T (=DSM 28090T=ACCC 19951T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Energy Microbiology and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Present address: Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Section 4-13, Renmin Nan Road, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Energy Microbiology and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Present address: College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Hui Fan
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Energy Microbiology and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Lirong Dai
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Energy Microbiology and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Energy Microbiology and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xing Liu
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Energy Microbiology and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Deng
- Key Laboratory of Energy Microbiology and Application, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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69
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Biomass Energy Technological Paradigm (BETP): Trends in This Sector. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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70
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Behera M, Ghangrekar MM. Optimization of Operating Conditions for Maximizing Power Generation and Organic Matter Removal in Microbial Fuel Cell. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manaswini Behera
- Assistant Professor, School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India (corresponding author)
| | - M. M. Ghangrekar
- Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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71
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Impact of water heater temperature setting and water use frequency on the building plumbing microbiome. ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:1318-1330. [PMID: 28282040 PMCID: PMC5437349 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hot water plumbing is an important conduit of microbes into the indoor environment and can increase risk of opportunistic pathogens (for example, Legionella pneumophila). We examined the combined effects of water heater temperature (39, 42, 48, 51 and 58 °C), pipe orientation (upward/downward), and water use frequency (21, 3 and 1 flush per week) on the microbial composition at the tap using a pilot-scale pipe rig. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing indicated that bulk water and corresponding biofilm typically had distinct taxonomic compositions (R2Adonis=0.246, PAdonis=0.001), yet similar predicted functions based on PICRUSt analysis (R2Adonis=0.087, PAdonis=0.001). Although a prior study had identified 51 °C under low water use frequency to enrich Legionella at the tap, here we reveal that 51 °C is also a threshold above which there are marked effects of the combined influences of temperature, pipe orientation, and use frequency on taxonomic and functional composition. A positive association was noted between relative abundances of Legionella and mitochondrial DNA of Vermamoeba, a genus of amoebae that can enhance virulence and facilitate replication of some pathogens. This study takes a step towards intentional control of the plumbing microbiome and highlights the importance of microbial ecology in governing pathogen proliferation.
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72
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Food Waste to Energy: An Overview of Sustainable Approaches for Food Waste Management and Nutrient Recycling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2370927. [PMID: 28293629 PMCID: PMC5331173 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2370927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Food wastage and its accumulation are becoming a critical problem around the globe due to continuous increase of the world population. The exponential growth in food waste is imposing serious threats to our society like environmental pollution, health risk, and scarcity of dumping land. There is an urgent need to take appropriate measures to reduce food waste burden by adopting standard management practices. Currently, various kinds of approaches are investigated in waste food processing and management for societal benefits and applications. Anaerobic digestion approach has appeared as one of the most ecofriendly and promising solutions for food wastes management, energy, and nutrient production, which can contribute to world's ever-increasing energy requirements. Here, we have briefly described and explored the different aspects of anaerobic biodegrading approaches for food waste, effects of cosubstrates, effect of environmental factors, contribution of microbial population, and available computational resources for food waste management researches.
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73
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Elreedy A, Fujii M, Tawfik A. Factors affecting on hythane bio-generation via anaerobic digestion of mono-ethylene glycol contaminated wastewater: Inoculum-to-substrate ratio, nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio and pH. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 223:10-19. [PMID: 27792923 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the effect of inoculum-to-substrate ratio (ISR) and nitrogen-to-phosphorus balance on hythane production from thermophilic anaerobic decomposition of mono-ethylene glycol (MEG) contaminated wastewater. ISRs ranging from 2.65 to 13.23gVSS/gCOD were employed, whereas the tested N/P ratios varied from 4.6 to 8.5. Maximum methane and hydrogen yields (MY and HY) of 151.86±10.8 and 22.27±1.1mL/gCODinitial were achieved at ISRs of 5.29 and 3.78gVSS/gCOD, respectively. HY increased 1.45-fold by decreasing N/P from 8.5 to 4.6, while MY improved 1.6-fold by increasing N/P from 4.6 to 5.5. Methane production was strongly influenced by initial NH4-N, compared to initial PO4-P. Optimal HY of 47.55mL/gCODinitial was achieved at pH 5.0 and ISR of 3.78gVSS/gCOD using thermal-treated sludge. Three-dimensional regression model was applied for the combined effect of initial MEG, NH4-N and PO4-P on hythane production. Potential economic benefits of hythane production from MEG contaminated wastewater were assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elreedy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan; Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), P.O. Box 179, New Borg Al-Arab City, 21934 Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Ahmed Tawfik
- Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), P.O. Box 179, New Borg Al-Arab City, 21934 Alexandria, Egypt.
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74
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Chen JL, Steele TWJ, Stuckey DC. Stimulation and Inhibition of Anaerobic Digestion by Nickel and Cobalt: A Rapid Assessment Using the Resazurin Reduction Assay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11154-11163. [PMID: 27690408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of anaerobic digestion by essential trace metals is beneficial from a practical point of view to enhance the biodegradability and degradation rate of wastes. Hence, a quick method to determine which metal species, and at what concentration, can optimize anaerobic digestion is of great interest to both researchers and operators. In this present study, we investigated the effect of nickel(II), cobalt(II), and their mixture, on the anaerobic digestion of synthetic municipal wastewater. Using a volumetric method, that is, measuring methane production over time, revealed that anaerobic digestion was stimulated by the addition of 5 mg L-1 nickel(II), and cobalt(II), and their mixture in day(s). However, using a novel resazurin reduction assay, and based on its change in rate over time, we evaluated both inhibition at 250 mg L-1 nickel(II) and cobalt(II), and also the stimulatory effect of 5 mg L-1 nickel(II), and cobalt(II), and their mixture, in just 6 h. By investigating the dynamic distribution of these metals in the liquid phase of the anaerobic system and kinetics of resazurin reduction by nickel spiked anaerobic sludge, the concentration of nickel(II) on anaerobic digestion performance was profiled. Three critical concentrations were determined; stimulation starting (around 1 mg L-1), stimulation ending (around 100 mg L-1) and stimulation maximizing (around 10 mg L-1). Hence, we propose that the resazurin reduction assay is a novel and quick protocol for studying the stimulation of anaerobic bioprocesses by bioavailable essential trace metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lin Chen
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637141
| | - Terry W J Steele
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637141
| | - David C Stuckey
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637141
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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75
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Ravindran B, Wong JWC, Selvam A, Thirunavukarasu K, Sekaran G. Microbial biodegradation of proteinaceous tannery solid waste and production of a novel value added product - Metalloprotease. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 217:150-156. [PMID: 27005792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, animal fleshing (ANFL) was utilized as a substrate for the production of extracellular protease by Clostridium limosum through central composite rotatable design (CCRD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Optimum protease production of 433U/ml was achieved and the purified enzyme was identified as acidic metalloprotease, a monomeric protein. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 71kDa, whose activity was enhanced by bivalent metals such as Zn(2+) and Mg(2+). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination also revealed the hydrolysis/microbial degradation of ANFL through protease activity in the anaerobic fermentation process. Simultaneous hydrolysis of ANFL and production of an enzyme with the potential for different industrial applications provide an attractive methodology for the disposal of tannery solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramani Ravindran
- Animal Environment Division, Department of Animal Biotechnology and Environment, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju, South Korea.
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ammaiyappan Selvam
- Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | | | - Ganesan Sekaran
- Environmental Technology Division, Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
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76
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Poirier S, Bize A, Bureau C, Bouchez T, Chapleur O. Community shifts within anaerobic digestion microbiota facing phenol inhibition: Towards early warning microbial indicators? WATER RESEARCH 2016; 100:296-305. [PMID: 27208731 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Performance stability is a key operational issue for anaerobic digestion (AD) and phenolic compounds are regularly mentioned as a major cause of digester failures. To get more insights into AD microbiota response to a wide range of inhibition levels, anaerobic batch toxicity assays were conducted with ten phenol concentrations up to 5.00 g/L. Final AD performance was not impaired up to 1.00 g/L. However, progressive shifts in microbial community structure were detected from 0.50 g/L. The methanogenic function was maintained along with increasing initial phenol concentrations up to 2.00 g/L thanks to the emergence of genus Methanoculleus at the expense of Methanosarcina. Within syntrophic populations, family Syntrophomonadaceae proportion was gradually reduced by phenol while Synergistaceae gained in importance in the microbiome. Moreover, at 2.00 g/L, the relative abundance of families belonging to order Clostridiales dropped, leading to the predominance of populations assigned to order Bacteroidales even though it did not prevent final AD performance deterioration. It illustrates the high level of adaptability of archaeal and bacterial communities and suggests the possibility of determining early warning microbial indicators associated with phenol inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Poirier
- Irstea, Hydrosystems and Bioprocesses Research Unit, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, F-92761 Antony, France.
| | - Ariane Bize
- Irstea, Hydrosystems and Bioprocesses Research Unit, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, F-92761 Antony, France.
| | - Chrystelle Bureau
- Irstea, Hydrosystems and Bioprocesses Research Unit, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, F-92761 Antony, France.
| | - Théodore Bouchez
- Irstea, Hydrosystems and Bioprocesses Research Unit, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, F-92761 Antony, France.
| | - Olivier Chapleur
- Irstea, Hydrosystems and Bioprocesses Research Unit, 1 rue Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, F-92761 Antony, France.
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77
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Yun J, Lee YY, Choi HJ, Cho KS. Process contribution evaluation for COD removal and energy production from molasses wastewater in a BioH 2-BioCH 4-MFC-integrated system. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 40:55-62. [PMID: 27573932 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a three-stage-integrated process using the hydrogenic process (BioH2), methanogenic process (BioCH4), and a microbial fuel cell (MFC) was operated using molasses wastewater. The contribution of individual processes to chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and energy production was evaluated. The three-stage integration system was operated at molasses of 20 g-COD L-1, and each process achieved hydrogen production rate of 1.1 ± 0.24 L-H2 L-1 day-1, methane production rate of 311 ± 18.94 mL-CH4 L-1 day-1, and production rate per electrode surface area of 10.8 ± 1.4 g m-2 day-1. The three-stage integration system generated energy production of 32.32 kJ g-COD-1 and achieved COD removal of 98 %. The contribution of BioH2, BioCH4, and the MFC reactor was 20.8, 72.2, and, 7.0 % of the total COD removal, and 18.7, 81.2, and 0.16 % of the total energy production, respectively. The continuous stirred-tank reactor BioH2 at HRT of 1 day, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket BioCH4 at HRT of 2 days, and MFC reactor at HRT of 3 days were decided in 1:2:3 ratios of working volume under hydraulic retention time consideration. This integration system can be applied to various configurations depending on target wastewater inputs, and it is expected to enhance energy recovery and reduce environmental impact of the final effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghee Yun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Yeong Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Choi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Suk Cho
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea.
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78
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Impact of different antibiotics on methane production using waste-activated sludge: mechanisms and microbial community dynamics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:9355-9364. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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79
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An integrated metagenome and -proteome analysis of the microbial community residing in a biogas production plant. J Biotechnol 2016; 231:268-279. [PMID: 27312700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To study the metaproteome of a biogas-producing microbial community, fermentation samples were taken from an agricultural biogas plant for microbial cell and protein extraction and corresponding metagenome analyses. Based on metagenome sequence data, taxonomic community profiling was performed to elucidate the composition of bacterial and archaeal sub-communities. The community's cytosolic metaproteome was represented in a 2D-PAGE approach. Metaproteome databases for protein identification were compiled based on the assembled metagenome sequence dataset for the biogas plant analyzed and non-corresponding biogas metagenomes. Protein identification results revealed that the corresponding biogas protein database facilitated the highest identification rate followed by other biogas-specific databases, whereas common public databases yielded insufficient identification rates. Proteins of the biogas microbiome identified as highly abundant were assigned to the pathways involved in methanogenesis, transport and carbon metabolism. Moreover, the integrated metagenome/-proteome approach enabled the examination of genetic-context information for genes encoding identified proteins by studying neighboring genes on the corresponding contig. Exemplarily, this approach led to the identification of a Methanoculleus sp. contig encoding 16 methanogenesis-related gene products, three of which were also detected as abundant proteins within the community's metaproteome. Thus, metagenome contigs provide additional information on the genetic environment of identified abundant proteins.
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80
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Goyal N, Zhou Z, Karimi IA. Metabolic processes of Methanococcus maripaludis and potential applications. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:107. [PMID: 27286964 PMCID: PMC4902934 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanococcus maripaludis is a rapidly growing, fully sequenced, genetically tractable model organism among hydrogenotrophic methanogens. It has the ability to convert CO2 and H2 into a useful cleaner energy fuel (CH4). In fact, this conversion enhances in the presence of free nitrogen as the sole nitrogen source due to prolonged cell growth. Given the global importance of GHG emissions and climate change, diazotrophy can be attractive for carbon capture and utilization applications from appropriately treated flue gases, where surplus hydrogen is available from renewable electricity sources. In addition, M. maripaludis can be engineered to produce other useful products such as terpenoids, hydrogen, methanol, etc. M. maripaludis with its unique abilities has the potential to be a workhorse like Escherichia coli and S. cerevisiae for fundamental and experimental biotechnology studies. More than 100 experimental studies have explored different specific aspects of the biochemistry and genetics of CO2 and N2 fixation by M. maripaludis. Its genome-scale metabolic model (iMM518) also exists to study genetic perturbations and complex biological interactions. However, a comprehensive review describing its cell structure, metabolic processes, and methanogenesis is still lacking in the literature. This review fills this crucial gap. Specifically, it integrates distributed information from the literature to provide a complete and detailed view for metabolic processes such as acetyl-CoA synthesis, pyruvate synthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, reductive tricarboxylic acid (RTCA) cycle, non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (NOPPP), nitrogen metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and nucleotide biosynthesis. It discusses energy production via methanogenesis and its relation to metabolism. Furthermore, it reviews taxonomy, cell structure, culture/storage conditions, molecular biology tools, genome-scale models, and potential industrial and environmental applications. Through the discussion, it develops new insights and hypotheses from experimental and modeling observations, and identifies opportunities for further research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishu Goyal
- />Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585 Singapore
| | - Zhi Zhou
- />School of Civil Engineering and Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Iftekhar A. Karimi
- />Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585 Singapore
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81
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Li L, He Q, Ma Y, Wang X, Peng X. A mesophilic anaerobic digester for treating food waste: process stability and microbial community analysis using pyrosequencing. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:65. [PMID: 27112950 PMCID: PMC4845381 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaerobic digesters become unstable when operated at a high organi c loading rate (OLR). Investigating the microbial community response to OLR disturbance is helpful for achieving efficient and stable process operation. However, previous studies have only focused on community succession during different process stages. How does community succession influence process stability? Is this kind of succession resilient? Are any key microbial indicator closely related to process stability? Such relationships between microbial communities and process stability are poorly understood. Results In this study, a mesophilic anaerobic digester for treating food waste (FW) was operated to study the microbial diversity and dynamicity due to OLR disturbance. Overloading resulted in proliferation of acidogenic bacteria, and the resulting high volatile fatty acid (VFA) yield triggered an abundance of acetogenic bacteria. However, the abundance and metabolic efficiency of hydrogenotrophic methanogens decreased after disturbance, and as a consequence, methanogens and acetogenic bacteria could not efficiently complete the syntrophy. This stress induced the proliferation of homoacetogens as alternative hydrogenotrophs for converting excessive H2 to acetate. However, the susceptible Methanothrix species also failed to degrade the excessive acetate. This metabolic imbalance finally led to process deterioration. After process recovery, the digester gradually returned to its original operational conditions, reached close to its original performance, and the microbial community profile achieved a new steady-state. Interestingly, the abundance of Syntrophomonas and Treponema increased during the deteriorative stage and rebounded after disturbance, suggesting they were resilient groups. Conclusions Acidogenic bacteria showed high functional redundancy, rapidly adapted to the increased OLR, and shaped new microbial community profiles. The genera Syntrophomonas and Treponema were resilient groups. This observation provides insight into the key microbial indicator that are closely related to process stability. Moreover, the succession of methanogens during the disturbance phase was unsuitable for the metabolic function needed at high OLR. This contradiction resulted in process deterioration. Thus, methanogenesis is the main step that interferes with the stable operation of digesters at high OLR. Further studies on identifying and breeding high-efficiency methanogens may be helpful for breaking the technical bottleneck of process instability and achieving stable operation under high OLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Xuya Peng
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
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82
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Chaudhury A. Raised Cecal Veillonella (Firmicutes)/S 24-7 (Bacteriodetes) May Not Cause Salt-Sensitive Hypertension. Front Physiol 2016; 7:118. [PMID: 27065886 PMCID: PMC4814461 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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83
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Gonzalez-Martinez A, Garcia-Ruiz MJ, Rodriguez-Sanchez A, Osorio F, Gonzalez-Lopez J. Archaeal and bacterial community dynamics and bioprocess performance of a bench-scale two-stage anaerobic digester. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6013-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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84
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Win TT, Kim H, Cho K, Song KG, Park J. Monitoring the microbial community shift throughout the shock changes of hydraulic retention time in an anaerobic moving bed membrane bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 202:125-132. [PMID: 26706726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An anaerobic moving bed membrane bioreactor (AnMBMBR) fed with synthetic domestic wastewater was investigated under hydraulic retention time (HRT) shocks to assess the effects on the microbial (bacteria and archaea) community and reactor performance. 16S rDNA targeted polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) approach was optimized to relate the metabolic and community composition with biogas generation, methane content and COD removal efficiency. From the drastic decrease of HRT (from 8 h to 4 h), the methane production was significantly reduced due to the HRT shock, while the COD removal efficiency was not affected. The enhanced growth of homoacetogenic bacteria, Thermoanaerobacteraceae competes with methanogens under shock period. When the HRT was recovered to 8 h, the methane generation rate was higher than the initial operation before the shock HRT changes, which would be ascribed to the activity of new emerging hydrogenotrophic archaea, Methanocella sp. and Methanofollis sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theint Theint Win
- Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea; Biotechnology Research Department, Ministry of Science and Technology, Myanmar
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangwoo Cho
- Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Guen Song
- Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
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85
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Enrichment of Secondary Wastewater Sludge for Production of Hydrogen from Crude Glycerol and Comparative Evaluation of Mono-, Co- and Mixed-Culture Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010092. [PMID: 26771607 PMCID: PMC4730334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion using mixed-culture with broader choice of pretreatments for hydrogen (H2) production was investigated. Pretreatment of wastewater sludge by five methods, such as heat, acid, base, microwave and chloroform was conducted using crude glycerol (CG) as substrate. Results for heat treatment (100 °C for 15 min) showed the highest H2 production across the pretreatment methods with 15.18 ± 0.26 mmol/L of medium at 30 °C in absence of complex media and nutrient solution. The heat-pretreated inoculum eliminated H2 consuming bacteria and produced twice as much as H2 as compared to other pretreatment methods. The fermentation conditions, such as CG concentration (1.23 to 24 g/L), percentage of inoculum size (InS) (1.23% to 24% v/v) along with initial pH (2.98 to 8.02) was tested using central composite design (CCD) with H2 production as response parameter. The maximum H2 production of 29.43 ± 0.71 mmol/L obtained at optimum conditions of 20 g/L CG, 20% InS and pH 7. Symbiotic correlation of pH over CG and InS had a significant (p-value: 0.0011) contribution to H2 production. The mixed-culture possessed better natural acclimatization activity for degrading CG, at substrate inhibition concentration and provided efficient inoculum conditions in comparison to mono- and co-culture systems. The heat pretreatment step used across mixed-culture system is simple, cheap and industrially applicable in comparison to mono-/co-culture systems for H2 production.
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86
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Degueurce A, Tomas N, Le Roux S, Martinez J, Peu P. Biotic and abiotic roles of leachate recirculation in batch mode solid-state anaerobic digestion of cattle manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:388-395. [PMID: 26512863 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Solid state anaerobic digestion, with leachate recirculation, is suitable for exploiting manure with a high solid content. The biotic and abiotic effects of the leachates were studied in lab-scale leach bed reactors (LBRs). LBRs were fed with cow manure and four leachates either biologically active or inert. The biotic impact of leachate was assessed by monitoring the microbial communities in the manure and in the leachates. LBRs with biologically active leachates, regardless to their origin, produced equivalent methane volumes (114.52±19.05 and 99.79±6.4NL/kgVS) while LBRs with inert leachates produced half less methane (60.22±5.71 and 58.87±13.2NL/kgVS) attesting to the biotic role of leachate. Moreover, its beneficial abiotic role is mainly due to its initial nutrient content, pH, and buffering capacity. The microbial community in the manure was strongly involved in methane production, and no transfer of microorganisms from the liquid phase was found (p<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Degueurce
- Irstea, UR GERE, 17 av. de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France; Université Européenne de Bretagne, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - Nair Tomas
- Irstea, UR GERE, 17 av. de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France; Université Européenne de Bretagne, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Le Roux
- Irstea, UR GERE, 17 av. de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France; Université Européenne de Bretagne, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - José Martinez
- Irstea, UR GERE, 17 av. de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France; Université Européenne de Bretagne, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - Pascal Peu
- Irstea, UR GERE, 17 av. de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France; Université Européenne de Bretagne, F-35044 Rennes, France.
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87
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Holmes D, Smith J. Biologically Produced Methane as a Renewable Energy Source. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2016; 97:1-61. [PMID: 27926429 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Methanogens are a unique group of strictly anaerobic archaea that are more metabolically diverse than previously thought. Traditionally, it was thought that methanogens could only generate methane by coupling the oxidation of products formed by fermentative bacteria with the reduction of CO2. However, it has recently been observed that many methanogens can also use electrons extruded from metal-respiring bacteria, biocathodes, or insoluble electron shuttles as energy sources. Methanogens are found in both human-made and natural environments and are responsible for the production of ∼71% of the global atmospheric methane. Their habitats range from the human digestive tract to hydrothermal vents. Although biologically produced methane can negatively impact the environment if released into the atmosphere, when captured, it can serve as a potent fuel source. The anaerobic digestion of wastes such as animal manure, human sewage, or food waste produces biogas which is composed of ∼60% methane. Methane from biogas can be cleaned to yield purified methane (biomethane) that can be readily incorporated into natural gas pipelines making it a promising renewable energy source. Conventional anaerobic digestion is limited by long retention times, low organics removal efficiencies, and low biogas production rates. Therefore, many studies are being conducted to improve the anaerobic digestion process. Researchers have found that addition of conductive materials and/or electrically active cathodes to anaerobic digesters can stimulate the digestion process and increase methane content of biogas. It is hoped that optimization of anaerobic digesters will make biogas more readily accessible to the average person.
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88
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Regueiro L, Lema JM, Carballa M. Key microbial communities steering the functioning of anaerobic digesters during hydraulic and organic overloading shocks. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 197:208-16. [PMID: 26340029 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Overloading is one of the most typical process disturbance in anaerobic digesters, resulting in volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation. This work aimed to study the microbial community dynamics during hydraulic (decreasing the hydraulic retention time (HRT)) and organic (increasing the organic loading rate maintaining the HRT constant) overload shocks in anaerobic reactors treating agro-industrial wastes, as well as during the recovery period. In both cases, the organic loading rate increased from 2 to 10gCODL(-1)d(-1), resulting in VFAs accumulation up to 9gL(-1). Both overloads were correlated to an increase in Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria phyla and with a drop in Syntrophomonadaceae and Pseudomonadaceae families. In contrast, Tissierellaceae family only increased during the organic shock. Active Archaea decreased in both overloads, going from Methanosaeta dominance to Methanosarcina prevalence. During the recovery period, Porphyromonadaceae family increased its presence and Clostridium genus recovered values prior to perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Regueiro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Juan M Lema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Carballa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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89
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Li J, Rui J, Yao M, Zhang S, Yan X, Wang Y, Yan Z, Li X. Substrate Type and Free Ammonia Determine Bacterial Community Structure in Full-Scale Mesophilic Anaerobic Digesters Treating Cattle or Swine Manure. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1337. [PMID: 26648921 PMCID: PMC4663275 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial-mediated anaerobic digestion (AD) process represents an efficient biological process for the treatment of organic waste along with biogas harvest. Currently, the key factors structuring bacterial communities and the potential core and unique bacterial populations in manure anaerobic digesters are not completely elucidated yet. In this study, we collected sludge samples from 20 full-scale anaerobic digesters treating cattle or swine manure, and investigated the variations of bacterial community compositions using high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Clustering and correlation analysis suggested that substrate type and free ammonia (FA) play key roles in determining the bacterial community structure. The COD: NH4+-N (C:N) ratio of substrate and FA were the most important available operational parameters correlating to the bacterial communities in cattle and swine manure digesters, respectively. The bacterial populations in all of the digesters were dominated by phylum Firmicutes, followed by Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi. Increased FA content selected Firmicutes, suggesting that they probably play more important roles under high FA content. Syntrophic metabolism by Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Synergistetes and Planctomycetes are likely inhibited when FA content is high. Despite the different manure substrates, operational conditions and geographical locations of digesters, core bacterial communities were identified. The core communities were best characterized by phylum Firmicutes, wherein Clostridium predominated overwhelmingly. Substrate-unique and abundant communities may reflect the properties of manure substrate and operational conditions. These findings extend our current understanding of the bacterial assembly in full-scale manure anaerobic digesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan, China ; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan, China
| | - Junpeng Rui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan, China ; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan, China
| | - Minjie Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan, China ; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan, China
| | - Shiheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan, China ; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan, China
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan, China ; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanpeng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Fujian, China
| | - Zhiying Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan, China ; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan, China ; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan, China
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90
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Carballa M, Regueiro L, Lema JM. Microbial management of anaerobic digestion: exploiting the microbiome-functionality nexus. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 33:103-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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91
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Sträuber H, Bühligen F, Kleinsteuber S, Nikolausz M, Porsch K. Improved Anaerobic Fermentation of Wheat Straw by Alkaline Pre-Treatment and Addition of Alkali-Tolerant Microorganisms. Bioengineering (Basel) 2015; 2:66-93. [PMID: 28955014 PMCID: PMC5597194 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering2020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of two alkali-tolerant, lignocellulolytic environmental enrichment cultures to improve the anaerobic fermentation of Ca(OH)₂-pre-treated wheat straw was studied. The biomethane potential of pre-treated straw was 36% higher than that of untreated straw. The bioaugmentation of pre-treated straw with the enrichment cultures did not enhance the methane yield, but accelerated the methane production during the first week. In acidogenic leach-bed fermenters, a 61% higher volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and a 112% higher gas production, mainly CO₂, were observed when pre-treated instead of untreated straw was used. With one of the two enrichment cultures as the inoculum, instead of the standard inoculum, the VFA production increased by an additional 36% and the gas production by an additional 110%, again mainly CO₂. Analysis of the microbial communities in the leach-bed processes revealed similar bacterial compositions in the fermenters with pre-treated straw, which developed independently of the used inoculum. It was suggested that the positive metabolic effects with the enrichment cultures observed in both systems were due to initial activities of the alkali-tolerant microorganisms tackling the alkaline conditions better than the standard inocula, whereas the latter dominated in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Sträuber
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Microbiology, (in cooperation with) Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum (DBFZ), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Franziska Bühligen
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Microbiology, (in cooperation with) Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum (DBFZ), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sabine Kleinsteuber
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Microbiology, (in cooperation with) Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum (DBFZ), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Marcell Nikolausz
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Microbiology, (in cooperation with) Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum (DBFZ), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Katharina Porsch
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Microbiology, (in cooperation with) Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum (DBFZ), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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92
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Phylogenetic relationship of phosphate solubilizing bacteria according to 16S rRNA genes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:201379. [PMID: 25632387 PMCID: PMC4303023 DOI: 10.1155/2015/201379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can convert insoluble form of phosphorous to an available form. Applications of PSB as inoculants increase the phosphorus uptake by plant in the field. In this study, isolation and precise identification of PSB were carried out in Malaysian (Serdang) oil palm field (University Putra Malaysia). Identification and phylogenetic analysis of 8 better isolates were carried out by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in which as a result five isolates belong to the Beta subdivision of Proteobacteria, one isolate was related to the Gama subdivision of Proteobacteria, and two isolates were related to the Firmicutes. Bacterial isolates of 6upmr, 2upmr, 19upmnr, 10upmr, and 24upmr were identified as Alcaligenes faecalis. Also, bacterial isolates of 20upmnr and 17upmnr were identified as Bacillus cereus and Vagococcus carniphilus, respectively, and bacterial isolates of 31upmr were identified as Serratia plymuthica. Molecular identification and characterization of oil palm strains as the specific phosphate solubilizer can reduce the time and cost of producing effective inoculate (biofertilizer) in an oil palm field.
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93
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Alvarado A, Montañez-Hernández LE, Palacio-Molina SL, Oropeza-Navarro R, Luévanos-Escareño MP, Balagurusamy N. Microbial trophic interactions and mcrA gene expression in monitoring of anaerobic digesters. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:597. [PMID: 25429286 PMCID: PMC4228917 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a biological process where different trophic groups of microorganisms break down biodegradable organic materials in the absence of oxygen. A wide range of AD technologies is being used to convert livestock manure, municipal and industrial wastewaters, and solid organic wastes into biogas. AD gains importance not only because of its relevance in waste treatment but also because of the recovery of carbon in the form of methane, which is a renewable energy and is used to generate electricity and heat. Despite the advances on the engineering and design of new bioreactors for AD, the microbiology component always poses challenges. Microbiology of AD processes is complicated as the efficiency of the process depends on the interactions of various trophic groups involved. Due to the complex interdependence of microbial activities for the functionality of the anaerobic bioreactors, the genetic expression of mcrA, which encodes a key enzyme in methane formation, is proposed as a parameter to monitor the process performance in real time. This review evaluates the current knowledge on microbial groups, their interactions, and their relationship to the performance of anaerobic biodigesters with a focus on using mcrA gene expression as a tool to monitor the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, TorreónMéxico
- Department of Ecophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, MarburgGermany
| | - Lilia E. Montañez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, TorreónMéxico
| | - Sandra L. Palacio-Molina
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, TorreónMéxico
| | | | - Miriam P. Luévanos-Escareño
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, TorreónMéxico
| | - Nagamani Balagurusamy
- Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, TorreónMéxico
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