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The Involvement of Natural Polyphenols in the Chemoprevention of Cervical Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168812. [PMID: 34445518 PMCID: PMC8396230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
From all types of cancer, cervical cancer manages to be in top four most frequent types, with a 6.5% rate of occurrence. The infectious vector that induces the disease, the high-risk Human papillomavirus (HPV), which is a sexually transmitted virus, is capable of transforming the host cell by modulating some of the principal signaling pathways responsible for cell cycle arrest, proliferation, and survival. Fortunately, like other cancer types, cervical cancer can be treated by chirurgical interventions or chemoradiotherapy, but these methods are not exactly the lucky clover of modern medicine because of the adverse effects they have. That is the reason why in the last years the emphasis has been on alternative medicine, more specifically on phytochemicals, as a substantial number of studies showed that diet contributes to cancer prevention and treatment. All these studies are trying to find new chemopreventive agents with less toxicity but high effectiveness both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this review is to evaluate the literature in order to underline the advantages and disadvantages of polyphenols, a class of dietary compounds, as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. This review also aims to present polyphenols from different perspectives, starting with mechanisms of action and ending with their toxicity. The bigger picture illustrates that polyphenols have great potential in cervical cancer prevention, with strong effects on gene modulation.
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Theofylaktou D, Takan I, Karakülah G, Biz GM, Zanni V, Pavlopoulou A, Georgakilas AG. Mining Natural Products with Anticancer Biological Activity through a Systems Biology Approach. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9993518. [PMID: 34422220 PMCID: PMC8376429 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9993518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural products, like turmeric, are considered powerful antioxidants which exhibit tumor-inhibiting activity and chemoradioprotective properties. Nowadays, there is a great demand for developing novel, affordable, efficacious, and effective anticancer drugs from natural resources. In the present study, we have employed a stringent in silico methodology to mine and finally propose a number of natural products, retrieved from the biomedical literature. Our main target was the systematic search of anticancer products as anticancer agents compatible to the human organism for future use. In this case and due to the great plethora of such products, we have followed stringent bioinformatics methodologies. Our results taken together suggest that natural products of a great diverse may exert cytotoxic effects in a maximum of the studied cancer cell lines. These natural compounds and active ingredients could possibly be combined to exert potential chemopreventive effects. Furthermore, in order to substantiate our findings and their application potency at a systems biology level, we have developed a representative, user-friendly, publicly accessible biodatabase, NaturaProDB, containing the retrieved natural resources, their active ingredients/fractional mixtures, the types of cancers that they affect, and the corresponding experimentally verified target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysia Theofylaktou
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Işıl Takan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340 Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Karakülah
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340 Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gökay Mehmet Biz
- Department of Technical Programs, Izmir Vocational School, Dokuz Eylül University, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Vaso Zanni
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Pavlopoulou
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), 35340 Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, 35340 Balcova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Alexandros G. Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Zografou Campus, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Athens, Greece
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Piechocka J, Gramza-Michałowska A, Szymandera-Buszka K. The Changes in Antioxidant Activity of Selected Flavonoids and Caffeine Depending on the Dosage and Form of Thiamine. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154702. [PMID: 34361853 PMCID: PMC8347205 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds and thiamine may serve as therapies against oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is important to note that these components show high instability under changing conditions. The study’s aim was to determine the impact of the thiamine concentration (hydrochloride—TH and pyrophosphate—TP; in the range 0.02 to 20 mg/100 g on the indices of the chelating properties and reducing power, and free radicals scavenging indices of EGCG, EGC, ECG and caffeine added from 0.04 to 6.0 mg/100 g. Our research confirmed that higher concentrations of TH and TP can exhibit significant activity against the test antioxidant indices of all components. When above 5.0 mg/100 g of thiamine was used, the radical scavenging abilities of the compound decreased in the following order: EGCG > ECG > EGC > caffeine. The highest correlation was found for the concentration of thiamine pyrophosphate to 20.0 mg/100 g and EGCG. Knowledge of the impact of factors associated with the concentration of both EGCG, EGC, ECG or caffeine and thiamine on their activity could carry weight in regulating the quality supplemented foods, especially of nutrition support for people of all ages were oral, enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition).
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De Matteis V, Cascione M, Rizzello L, Manno DE, Di Guglielmo C, Rinaldi R. Synergistic Effect Induced by Gold Nanoparticles with Polyphenols Shell during Thermal Therapy: Macrophage Inflammatory Response and Cancer Cell Death Assessment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3610. [PMID: 34298823 PMCID: PMC8303381 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, gold nanoparticle (Au NP)-based cancer therapy has been heavily debated. The physico-chemical properties of AuNPs can be exploited in photothermal therapy, making them a powerful tool for selectively killing cancer cells. However, the synthetic side products and capping agents often induce a strong activation of the inflammatory pathways of macrophages, thus limiting their further applications in vivo. METHODS Here, we described a green method to obtain stable polyphenol-capped AuNPs (Au NPs@polyphenols), as polyphenols are known for their anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. These NPs were used in human macrophages to test key inflammation-related markers, such as NF-κB, TNF-α, and interleukins-6 and 8. The results were compared with similar NPs obtained by a traditional chemical route (without the polyphenol coating), proving the potential of Au NPs@polyphenols to strongly promote the shutdown of inflammation. This was useful in developing them for use as heat-synergized tools in the thermal treatment of two types of cancer cells, namely, breast cancer (MCF-7) and neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. The cell viability, calcium release, oxidative stress, HSP-70 expression, mitochondrial, and DNA damage, as well as cytoskeleton alteration, were evaluated. RESULTS Our results clearly demonstrate that the combined strategy markedly exerts anticancer effects against the tested cancer cell, while neither of the single treatments (only heat or only NPs) induced significant changes. CONCLUSIONS Au NP@polyphenols may be powerful agents in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria De Matteis
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.C.); (D.E.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Mariafrancesca Cascione
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.C.); (D.E.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Loris Rizzello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM), University of Milan, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM), Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Daniela Erminia Manno
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.C.); (D.E.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Claudia Di Guglielmo
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.C.); (D.E.M.); (R.R.)
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Yang XY, Wang GB, Le YJ, Liu WT, He QY. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Antitumor Effects of Sodium New Houttuyfonate on Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2021.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Matute A, Tabart J, Cheramy-Bien JP, Kevers C, Dommes J, Defraigne JO, Pincemail J. Ex Vivo Antioxidant Capacities of Fruit and Vegetable Juices. Potential In Vivo Extrapolation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:770. [PMID: 34066070 PMCID: PMC8151340 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In support of claims that their products have antioxidant properties, the food industry and dietary supplement manufacturers rely solely on the in vitro determination of the ORAC (oxygen radical antioxidant capacity) value, despite its acknowledged lack of any in vivo relevance. It thus appears necessary to use tests exploiting biological materials (blood, white blood cells) capable of producing physiological free radicals, in order to evaluate more adequately the antioxidant capacities of foods such as fruit and vegetable juices. MATERIALS Two approaches to assessing the antioxidant capacities of 21 commercial fruit and vegetable juices were compared: the ORAC assay and the "PMA-whole blood assay," which uses whole blood stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate to produce the superoxide anion. We described in another paper the total polyphenol contents (TPCs) and individual phenolic compound contents of all the juices were investigated. RESULTS Ranking of the juices from highest to lowest antioxidant capacity differed considerably according to the test used, so there was no correlation (r = 0.33, p = 0.13) between the two assays when considering all juices. Although the results of the ORAC assay correlated positively with TPC (r = 0.50, p = 0.02), a much stronger correlation (r = 0.70, p = 0.004) emerged between TPC and % superoxide anion inhibition. In the PMA-whole blood assay, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, epigallocatechin gallate, catechin, and quercetin present in juices were found to inhibit superoxide anion production at concentrations below 1 µM, with a strong positive correlation. CONCLUSIONS Associated with the determination of total and individual phenolic compounds contained in fruit and vegetable juices, the PMA-whole blood assay appears better than the ORAC assay for evaluating juice antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Matute
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, UR InBios-Phytosystems, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.M.); (J.T.); (C.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Jessica Tabart
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, UR InBios-Phytosystems, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.M.); (J.T.); (C.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Jean-Paul Cheramy-Bien
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, CREDEC and Platform Nutrition Antioxydante et Santé, CHU and University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-P.C.-B.); (J.-O.D.)
| | - Claire Kevers
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, UR InBios-Phytosystems, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.M.); (J.T.); (C.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Jacques Dommes
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, UR InBios-Phytosystems, University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.M.); (J.T.); (C.K.); (J.D.)
| | - Jean-Olivier Defraigne
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, CREDEC and Platform Nutrition Antioxydante et Santé, CHU and University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-P.C.-B.); (J.-O.D.)
| | - Joël Pincemail
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, CREDEC and Platform Nutrition Antioxydante et Santé, CHU and University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.-P.C.-B.); (J.-O.D.)
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Imani A, Maleki N, Bohlouli S, Kouhsoltani M, Sharifi S, Maleki Dizaj S. Molecular mechanisms of anticancer effect of rutin. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2500-2513. [PMID: 33295678 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Because of the extensive biological functions of natural substances such as bioflavonoids, and their high safety and low costs, they could have high priority application in the health care system. The antioxidant properties of rutin, a polyphenolic bioflavonoid, have been well documented and demonstrated a wide range of pharmacological applications in cancer research. Since chemotherapeutic drugs have a wide range of side effects and rutin is a safe anticancer agent with minor side effects so recent investigations are performed for study of mechanisms of its anticancer effect. Both in-vivo and in-vitro examinations on anticancer mechanisms of this natural agent have been widely carried out. Regulation of different cellular signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, p53-independent pathway, PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT, MAPK, p53, apoptosis as well as NF-ĸB signaling pathways helps to mediate the anticancer impacts of this agent. This study tried to review the molecular mechanisms of rutin anticancer effect on various types of cancer. Deep exploration of these anticancer mechanisms can facilitate the development of this beneficial compound for its application in the treatment of different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Imani
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasim Maleki
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Bohlouli
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kouhsoltani
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Simin Sharifi
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Maleki Dizaj
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Lecci RM, D’Antuono I, Cardinali A, Garbetta A, Linsalata V, Logrieco AF, Leone A. Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Capacities as Mechanisms of Photoprotection of Olive Polyphenols on UVA-Damaged Human Keratinocytes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082153. [PMID: 33917980 PMCID: PMC8068360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of polyphenols are reported to have considerable antioxidant and skin photoprotective effects, although the mechanisms of action are not fully known. Environmentally friendly and inexpensive sources of natural bioactive compounds, such as olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the by-product of olive-oil processing, can be considered an economic source of bioactive polyphenols, with a range of biological activities, useful as chemotherapeutic or cosmeceutical agents. Green strategies, such as the process based on membrane technologies, allow to recover active polyphenols from this complex matrix. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant, pro-oxidant, and photoprotective effects, including the underlying action mechanism(s), of the ultra-filtered (UF) OMWW fractions, in order to substantiate their use as natural cosmeceutical ingredient. Six chemically characterized UF-OMWW fractions, from Italian and Greek olive cultivar processing, were investigated for their antioxidant activities, measured by Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), LDL oxidation inhibition, and ROS-quenching ability in UVA-irradiated HEKa (Human Epidermal Keratinocytes adult) cultures. The photoprotective properties of UF-OMWW were assayed as a pro-oxidant-mediated pro-apoptotic effect on the UVA-damaged HEKa cells, which can be potentially involved in the carcinogenesis process. All the UF-OMWW fractions exerted an effective antioxidant activity in vitro and in cells when administered together with UV-radiation on HEKa. A pro-oxidative and pro-apoptotic effect on the UVA-damaged HEKa cells were observed, suggesting some protective actions of polyphenol fraction on keratinocyte cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Marina Lecci
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Lecce), Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Isabella D’Antuono
- National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Bari), Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.D.); (A.G.); (V.L.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Angela Cardinali
- National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Bari), Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.D.); (A.G.); (V.L.); (A.F.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (A.L.); Tel.: +39-080-5929303 (A.C.); +39-0832-422615 (A.L.); Fax: +39-0832-422620 (A.L.)
| | - Antonella Garbetta
- National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Bari), Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.D.); (A.G.); (V.L.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Vito Linsalata
- National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Bari), Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.D.); (A.G.); (V.L.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Bari), Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.D.); (A.G.); (V.L.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Antonella Leone
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Lecce), Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (A.L.); Tel.: +39-080-5929303 (A.C.); +39-0832-422615 (A.L.); Fax: +39-0832-422620 (A.L.)
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Nutrigenomics and Life Style Facet- A Modulatory Molecular Evidence in Progression of Breast and Colon Cancer with Emerging Importance. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:336-348. [PMID: 33797366 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666210331151323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Legitimate nutrition assumes a significant role in preventing diseases and, in this way, nutritional interventions establish vital strategies in the area of public health. Nutrigenomics centres on the different genes and diet in an individual and how an individual's genes influence the reaction to bioactive foodstuff. It targets considering the genetic and epigenetic interactions with nutrients to lead to a phenotypic alteration and consequently to metabolism, differentiation, or even apoptosis. Nutrigenomics and lifestyle factors play a vital role in health management and represent an exceptional prospect for the improvement of personalized diets to the individual at risk of developing diseases like cancer. Concerning cancer as a multifactorial genetic ailment, several aspects need to be investigated and analysed. Various perspectives should be researched and examined regarding the development and prognosis of breast and colon cancer. Malignant growth occurrence is anticipated to upsurge in the impending days, and an effective anticipatory strategy is required. The effect of dietary components, basically studied by nutrigenomics, looks at gene expression and molecular mechanisms. It also interrelates bioactive compounds and nutrients because of different 'omics' innovations. Several preclinical investigations demonstrate the pertinent role of nutrigenomics in breast and colon cancer, and change of dietary propensities is conceivably a successful methodology for reducing cancer risk. The connection between the genomic profile of patients with breast or colon cancer and their supplement intake, it is conceivable to imagine an idea of personalized medicine, including nutrition and medicinal services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry. All India Institute of Medical Sciences. Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020. India
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Li C, Lee S, Lai W, Chang K, Huang X, Hung P, Lee C, Hsieh M, Tsai N. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction by Juniperus communis extract in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through activation of p53-induced apoptosis pathway. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1088-1098. [PMID: 33598192 PMCID: PMC7866587 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers. It has a high mortality rate and requires novel effective drugs and therapeutic approaches. Juniperus communis (JCo), used to flavor gin and food, has been documented to have anti-tumor activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor activity of JCo extract against ESCC and its possible mechanisms. JCo extract suppressed cell growth in ESCC and showed higher selection for ESCC cells than normal cells compared to the clinical drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). JCo extract induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase by regulating the expression of p53/p21 and CDKs/cyclins, triggering cell apoptosis by activating both the extrinsic (Fas/FasL/Caspase 8) and intrinsic (Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase 9) apoptosis pathways. Moreover, a combination treatment of JCo and 5-FU synergistically inhibited proliferation of ESCC cells. These results suggest that JCo extract is a potential natural therapeutic agent for esophageal cancer, as it could induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in ESCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐Yu Li
- Department of Life‐and‐Death StudiesNanhua UniversityChiayiTaiwan
| | - Shan‐Chih Lee
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological SciencesChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Medical ImagingChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Lin Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and BiotechnologyChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Clinical LaboratoryChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Kai‐Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and BiotechnologyChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Institute of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Xiao‐Fan Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and BiotechnologyChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Institute of MedicineChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Peng‐Yun Hung
- Department of Medical Laboratory and BiotechnologyChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Pin Lee
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of Internal MedicineDistmanson Medical Foundation Chia‐Yi Christian HospitalChia‐YiTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Chang Hsieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory and BiotechnologyChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Clinical LaboratoryChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Nu‐Man Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and BiotechnologyChung Shan Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Clinical LaboratoryChung Shan Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
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Jung EJ, Paramanantham A, Kim HJ, Shin SC, Kim GS, Jung JM, Ryu CH, Hong SC, Chung KH, Kim CW, Lee WS. Artemisia annua L. Polyphenol-Induced Cell Death Is ROS-Independently Enhanced by Inhibition of JNK in HCT116 Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1366. [PMID: 33573023 PMCID: PMC7866371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is activated by chemotherapeutic reagents including natural plant polyphenols, and cell fate is determined by activated phospho-JNK as survival or death depending on stimuli and cell types. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of JNK on the anticancer effects of the Korean plant Artemisia annua L. (pKAL) polyphenols in p53 wild-type HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells. Cell morphology, protein expression levels, apoptosis/necrosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), acidic vesicles, and granularity/DNA content were analyzed by phase-contrast microscopy; Western blot; and flow cytometry of annexin V/propidium iodide (PI)-, dichlorofluorescein (DCF)-, acridine orange (AO)-, and side scatter pulse height (SSC-H)/DNA content (PI)-stained cells. The results showed that pKAL induced morphological changes and necrosis or late apoptosis, which were associated with loss of plasma membrane/Golgi integrity, increased acidic vesicles and intracellular granularity, and decreased DNA content through downregulation of protein kinase B (Akt)/β-catenin/cyclophilin A/Golgi matrix protein 130 (GM130) and upregulation of phosphorylation of H2AX at Ser-139 (γ-H2AX)/p53/p21/Bak cleavage/phospho-JNK/p62/microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B)-I. Moreover, JNK inhibition by SP600125 enhanced ROS-independently pKAL-induced cell death through downregulation of p62 and upregulation of p53/p21/Bak cleavage despite a reduced state of DNA damage marker γ-H2AX. These findings indicate that phospho-JNK activated by pKAL inhibits p53-dependent cell death signaling and enhances DNA damage signaling, but cell fate is determined by phospho-JNK as survival rather than death in p53 wild-type HCT116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Anjugam Paramanantham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Sung Chul Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Jin-Myung Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Chung Ho Ryu
- Department of Food Technology, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Soon Chan Hong
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Ky Hyun Chung
- Department of Urology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Choong Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
| | - Won Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea;
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62
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Dos Santos AN, de L Nascimento TR, Gondim BLC, Velo MMAC, de A Rêgo RI, do C Neto JR, Machado JR, da Silva MV, de Araújo HWC, Fonseca MG, Castellano LRC. Catechins as Model Bioactive Compounds for Biomedical Applications. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4032-4047. [PMID: 32493187 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200603124418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Research regarding polyphenols has gained prominence over the years because of their potential as pharmacological nutrients. Most polyphenols are flavanols, commonly known as catechins, which are present in high amounts in green tea. Catechins are promising candidates in the field of biomedicine. The health benefits of catechins, notably their antioxidant effects, are related to their chemical structure and the total number of hydroxyl groups. In addition, catechins possess strong activities against several pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. One major limitation of these compounds is low bioavailability. Catechins are poorly absorbed by intestinal barriers. Some protective mechanisms may be required to maintain or even increase the stability and bioavailability of these molecules within living organisms. Moreover, novel delivery systems, such as scaffolds, fibers, sponges, and capsules, have been proposed. This review focuses on the unique structures and bioactive properties of catechins and their role in inflammatory responses as well as provides a perspective on their use in future human health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana N Dos Santos
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group (GEPIH), Technical School of Health, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Tatiana R de L Nascimento
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group (GEPIH), Technical School of Health, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Brenna L C Gondim
- Post-Graduation Program in Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Marilia M A C Velo
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renaly I de A Rêgo
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - José R do C Neto
- Post-Graduation Program in Tropical Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Machado
- Post-Graduation Program in Tropical Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil
| | - Marcos V da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helvia W C de Araújo
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Maria G Fonseca
- Research Center for Fuels and Materials (NPE - LACOM), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Lúcio R C Castellano
- Human Immunology Research and Education Group (GEPIH), Technical School of Health, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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63
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Cao Y, Xie L, Shi F, Tang M, Li Y, Hu J, Zhao L, Zhao L, Yu X, Luo X, Liao W, Bode AM. Targeting the signaling in Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases: mechanism, regulation, and clinical study. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:15. [PMID: 33436584 PMCID: PMC7801793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus-associated diseases are important global health concerns. As a group I carcinogen, EBV accounts for 1.5% of human malignances, including both epithelial- and lymphatic-originated tumors. Moreover, EBV plays an etiological and pathogenic role in a number of non-neoplastic diseases, and is even involved in multiple autoimmune diseases (SADs). In this review, we summarize and discuss some recent exciting discoveries in EBV research area, which including DNA methylation alterations, metabolic reprogramming, the changes of mitochondria and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), oxidative stress and EBV lytic reactivation, variations in non-coding RNA (ncRNA), radiochemotherapy and immunotherapy. Understanding and learning from this advancement will further confirm the far-reaching and future value of therapeutic strategies in EBV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Research Center for Technologies of Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics Hunan Province, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Joint Engineering Research Center for Genetic Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.
| | - Longlong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yueshuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Luqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Xinfang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weihua Liao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
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64
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The antioxidant profile of two species belonging to the genus Leonurus. Potential applications in toxicity. Toxicology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819092-0.00035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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65
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Phan TN, Kim O, Ha MT, Hwangbo C, Min BS, Lee JH. Albanol B from Mulberries Exerts Anti-Cancer Effect through Mitochondria ROS Production in Lung Cancer Cells and Suppresses In Vivo Tumor Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249502. [PMID: 33327489 PMCID: PMC7764986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Albanol B (ABN-B), an arylbenzofuran derivative isolated from mulberries, has been shown to have anti-Alzheimer’s disease, anti-bacterial and antioxidant activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effect of this compound against lung cancer cells. The results show that ABN-B inhibited the proliferation of four human lung cancer cell lines (A549, BZR, H1975, and H226) and induced apoptosis, based on the cleavage of caspase-7 and PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), as well as the downregulation of Bcl-2. ABN-B also induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M by down-regulating the expression of CKD1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1) and cyclin B1, but up-regulating p21 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1) expression. Notably, ABN-B increased the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, treatment with mito-TEMPO (a specific mitochondrial antioxidant) blocked ABN-B-induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M and apoptosis, as well as the up-regulation of p21 and down-regulation of CDK1 and cyclin B1 induced by ABN-B. At the molecular level, ABN-B-induced mitochondrial ROS production increased the phosphorylation levels of AKT (protein kinase B) and ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2), while the inhibition of these kinases blocked the ABN-B-induced up-regulation of p21 and down-regulation of CDK1 and cyclin B1. Moreover, ABN-B significantly suppressed tumor growth in Ex-3LL (Lewis lung carcinoma) tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, these results suggest that ABN-B can exert an anti-cancer effect by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M through mitochondrial ROS production in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nam Phan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24414, Korea; (T.N.P.); (O.K.)
| | - Okwha Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24414, Korea; (T.N.P.); (O.K.)
| | - Manh Tuan Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea; (M.T.H.); (B.-S.M.)
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
- Division of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Byung-Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea; (M.T.H.); (B.-S.M.)
| | - Jeong-Hyung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24414, Korea; (T.N.P.); (O.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-8519; Fax: +82-33-259-5664
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66
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Anticancer natural medicines: An overview of cell signaling and other targets of anticancer phytochemicals. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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67
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Sokkar HH, Abo Dena AS, Mahana NA, Badr A. Artichoke extracts in cancer therapy: do the extraction conditions affect the anticancer activity? FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Artichoke is an edible plant that is grown in the Mediterranean region and is known for its antimicrobial, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activities. Different artichoke extraction methods can impressively affect the nature as well as the yield of the extracted components.
Main body
The different methods of artichoke extraction and the influence of the extraction conditions on the extraction efficiency are summarized herein. In addition, cancer causalities and hallmarks together with the molecular mechanisms of artichoke active molecules in cancer treatment are also discussed. Moreover, a short background is given on the common types of cancer that can be treated with artichoke extracts as well as their pathogenesis. A brief discussion of the previous works devoted to the application of artichoke extracts in the treatment of these cancers is also given.
Conclusion
This review article covers the extraction methods, composition, utilization and applications of artichoke extracts in the treatment of different cancers.
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68
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Delgado-Roche L, González K, Mesta F, Couder B, Tavarez Z, Zavala R, Hernandez I, Garrido G, Rodeiro I, Vanden Berghe W. Polyphenolic Fraction Obtained From Thalassia testudinum Marine Plant and Thalassiolin B Exert Cytotoxic Effects in Colorectal Cancer Cells and Arrest Tumor Progression in a Xenograft Mouse Model. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:592985. [PMID: 33390973 PMCID: PMC7774314 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.592985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine plants are important sources of pharmacologically active metabolites. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the cytotoxic and antitumor activity of a polyphenolic fraction obtained from Thalassia testudinum marine plant and thalassiolin B in human colorectal cancer cells. Human cancer cell lines, including HCT15, HCT116, SW260, and HT29 were treated with tested products for cytotoxicity evaluation by crystal violet assay. The potential proapoptotic effect of these natural products was assessed by flow cytometry in HCT15 cells at 48 h using Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured by fluorescence using DCFH-DA staining, and sulfhydryl concentration by spectrophotometry. The in vivo antitumor activity of the polyphenolic fraction (25 mg/kg) was evaluated in a xenograft model in nu/nu mice. In vivo proapoptotic effect was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry using anti-caspase 3 and anti-Bcl-2 antibodies. The results showed that tested products exert colorectal cancer cell cytotoxicity. Besides, the tested products induced a significant increase (p < 0.05) of intracellular ROS generation, and a depletion of sulfhydryl concentration in HCT15 cells. The polyphenolic fraction arrested tumor growth and induced apoptosis in the xenograft mice model. These results demonstrate the cytotoxic activity of T. testudinum metabolites associated, at least, with ROS overproduction and pro-apoptotic effects. Here we demonstrated for the first time the antitumor activity of a T. testudinum polar extract in a xenograft mice model. These results suggest the potential use of T. testudinum marine plant metabolites as adjuvant treatment in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livan Delgado-Roche
- Dirección Médica, Laboratorios Liomont S.A. de C.V., Ciudad de México, México.,Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (ICIMAR), La Habana, Cuba
| | | | - Fernando Mesta
- Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Beatriz Couder
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Zaira Tavarez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ruby Zavala
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Gabino Garrido
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | | | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- PPES Lab, Proteinchemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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69
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Girardelo JR, Munari EL, Dallorsoleta JCS, Cechinel G, Goetten ALF, Sales LR, Reginatto FH, Chaves VC, Smaniotto FA, Somacal S, Emanuelli T, Benech JC, Soldi C, Winter E, Conterato GMM. Bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity and antitumoral activity of ethanolic extracts from fruits and seeds of Eugenia involucrata DC. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109615. [PMID: 33233205 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Eugenia involucrata DC. (Myrtaceae) is a native tree species from Brazil that has been scarcely studied. We investigated the phenolic composition, the antioxidant capacity and the antitumoral activity of ethanolic extracts from fruits (FE) and seeds (SE) of E. involucrata. Six anthocyanins were identified by UPLC-PDA/MS/MS in FE, being four derived from cyanidin, and the other ones derived from delphinidin and pelargonidin. Using HPLC-PDA, FE presented a larger number of phenolic compounds (epicatechin, catechin, rutin, ellagic acid, myricetin and quercetin) than SE, which did not show myricetin and quercetin. However, SE showed higher total phenolic content and generally stronger in vitro antioxidant capacity than FE, except that only FE exhibited superoxide radical scavenging activity, which may be attributed to the anthocyanins present in fruits. Additionally, only SE exhibited antitumoral activity in a pancreatic cancer cell line (PANC-1). The antitumoral mechanisms involved imbalance of antioxidant status, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytoskeleton disassembly and induction of cell death by apoptosis and necrosis. Compared to the standard antitumoral drug gemcitabine, SE exhibited higher antitumoral efficacy and selectivity index. The highest concentration of total phenolics and of specific phenolic compounds bearing antitumoral properties may be related to the antitumoral activity of SE. Our results corroborate previous data of E. involucrata as an important source of bioactive compounds and provide, for the first time, evidences of in vitro antitumoral potential of its seeds on pancreatic cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julheli R Girardelo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Eduarda L Munari
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
| | - Julio C S Dallorsoleta
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Cechinel
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
| | - André L F Goetten
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
| | - Luziane R Sales
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
| | - Flávio H Reginatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Vitor C Chaves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Franciele A Smaniotto
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Sabrina Somacal
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Juan Claudio Benech
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Cristian Soldi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
| | - Evelyn Winter
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil.
| | - Greicy M M Conterato
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Campus de Curitibanos, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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70
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Aquila G, Re Cecconi AD, Brault JJ, Corli O, Piccirillo R. Nutraceuticals and Exercise against Muscle Wasting during Cancer Cachexia. Cells 2020; 9:E2536. [PMID: 33255345 PMCID: PMC7760926 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a debilitating multifactorial syndrome, involving progressive deterioration and functional impairment of skeletal muscles. It affects about 80% of patients with advanced cancer and causes premature death. No causal therapy is available against CC. In the last few decades, our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to muscle wasting during cancer has markedly increased. Both inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) alter anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways mostly culminating with muscle depletion. Several preclinical studies have emphasized the beneficial roles of several classes of nutraceuticals and modes of physical exercise, but their efficacy in CC patients remains scant. The route of nutraceutical administration is critical to increase its bioavailability and achieve the desired anti-cachexia effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that a single therapy may not be enough, and a bimodal intervention (nutraceuticals plus exercise) may be a more effective treatment for CC. This review focuses on the current state of the field on the role of inflammation and OS in the pathogenesis of muscle atrophy during CC, and how nutraceuticals and physical activity may act synergistically to limit muscle wasting and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Aquila
- Neuroscience Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.)
- Italian Institute for Planetary Health, IIPH, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Andrea David Re Cecconi
- Neuroscience Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.)
- Italian Institute for Planetary Health, IIPH, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Jeffrey J. Brault
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Oscar Corli
- Italian Institute for Planetary Health, IIPH, 20156 Milan, Italy;
- Oncology Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Piccirillo
- Neuroscience Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.)
- Italian Institute for Planetary Health, IIPH, 20156 Milan, Italy;
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71
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Catalán M, Olmedo I, Faúndez J, Jara JA. Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Mitochondria: From New Vehicles and Pharmacophore Groups to Old Drugs with Mitochondrial Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8684. [PMID: 33217901 PMCID: PMC7698797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in tumor cell mitochondria as a pharmacological target has been rekindled in recent years. This attention is due in part to new publications documenting heterogenous characteristics of solid tumors, including anoxic and hypoxic zones that foster cellular populations with differentiating metabolic characteristics. These populations include tumor-initiating or cancer stem cells, which have a strong capacity to adapt to reduced oxygen availability, switching rapidly between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation as sources of energy and metabolites. Additionally, this cell subpopulation shows high chemo- and radioresistance and a high capacity for tumor repopulation. Interestingly, it has been shown that inhibiting mitochondrial function in tumor cells affects glycolysis pathways, cell bioenergy, and cell viability. Therefore, mitochondrial inhibition may be a viable strategy for eradicating cancer stem cells. In this context, medicinal chemistry research over the last decade has synthesized and characterized "vehicles" capable of transporting novel or existing pharmacophores to mitochondrial tumor cells, based on mechanisms that exploit the physicochemical properties of the vehicles and the inherent properties of the mitochondria. The pharmacophores, some of which have been isolated from plants and others, which were synthesized in the lab, are diverse in chemical nature. Some of these molecules are active, while others are prodrugs that have been evaluated alone or linked to mitochondria-targeted agents. Finally, researchers have recently described drugs with well-proven safety and efficacy that may exert a mitochondria-specific inhibitory effect in tumor cells through noncanonical mechanisms. The effectiveness of these molecules may be improved by linking them to mitochondrial carrier molecules. These promising pharmacological agents should be evaluated alone and in combination with classic chemotherapeutic drugs in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Catalán
- Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Ivonne Olmedo
- Physiopathology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Jennifer Faúndez
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Santiago 8380544, Chile;
| | - José A. Jara
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, Santiago 8380544, Chile;
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72
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Prieto K, Lozano MP, Urueña C, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Fiorentino S, Barreto A. The delay in cell death caused by the induction of autophagy by P2Et extract is essential for the generation of immunogenic signals in melanoma cells. Apoptosis 2020; 25:875-888. [PMID: 33156457 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
P2Et extract obtained from the Caesalpinia spinosa plant is abundant in phenolic compounds such as gallic acid and ethyl gallate and can generate signals to activate the immune response by inducing a mechanism known as immunogenic cell death in murine models of breast cancer and melanoma. Immunogenic cell death involves mechanisms such as autophagy, which can be modulated by various natural compounds, including phenolic compounds with a structure similar to those found in P2Et extract. Here, we determine the role of autophagy in apoptosis and the generation of immunogenic signals using murine wild-type B16-F10 melanoma cells and cells with beclin-1 gene knockout. We show that P2Et extract and ethyl gallate induced autophagy, partially protecting tumor cells from death and promoting calreticulin exposure and the release of ATP. Although ethyl gallate showed a mechanism similar to that of P2Et, the induction of apoptosis and immunogenic signals was significantly weaker. In contrast, gallic acid-induced autophagy acted by blocking autophagic flux, which was associated with increased cell death. However, this compound did not induce any of the immunogenic death signals evaluated. Therefore, the complex extract has greater antitumor potential than isolated compounds. Here, we show that inducing autophagic flux with P2Et protects cancer cells from cell death and that this delay in cell death is required for the generation of immunogenic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Prieto
- Grupo de Inmunobiología Y Biología Celular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maria Paula Lozano
- Grupo de Inmunobiología Y Biología Celular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Claudia Urueña
- Grupo de Inmunobiología Y Biología Celular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Instituto de Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Susana Fiorentino
- Grupo de Inmunobiología Y Biología Celular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alfonso Barreto
- Grupo de Inmunobiología Y Biología Celular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
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73
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Low-level laser irradiation potentiates anticancer activity of p-coumaric acid against human malignant melanoma cells. Melanoma Res 2020; 30:136-146. [PMID: 30855528 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
p-Coumaric acid (PCA) is a kind of phenolic compound, and as one of the cinnamic acid derivatives, it has many biological functions such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, and anticancer activity. Low-level laser irradiation has received increasing interest in the fields of tissue regeneration and wound healing. In this study, the effect of low-level laser irradiation on human fibroblast cells (human dermal fibroblast) and human melanoma cancer cells (A375 and SK-MEL-37) treated with PCA was investigated. The human dermal fibroblast, A375, and SK-MEL-37 cells were exposed to low-level laser at 660-nm wavelength with 3 J/cm for 90 s, and then the cells were treated with different concentrations of PCA (0-1000 μg/ml for 24 h), separately. In another experiment, first the cells were treated by PCA and then irradiated with low-level laser as described before. The effect of various irradiation energy (1-6 J/cm) on the melanoma cells, which were then treated by PCA, was studied. The cell viability using MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase assay was determined. Morphological changes owing to apoptosis induction by irradiation and PCA were detected by fluorescence microscopy using acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining. The results showed that pretreatment with low-level laser irradiation and then PCA reduced the survival and growth of melanoma cells more than the early treatment with PCA and then low-level laser irradiation. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was reduced significantly by preirradiation and then PCA treatment in comparison with the dark group in melanoma cells. The cell cytotoxicity at different irradiation energy and then IC50 concentration of PCA was increased up to 3 J/cm and then decreased following increasing irradiation energy. The morphology study with light microscopy and apoptotic assay using acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining confirmed the MTT results. This study showed that low-level laser irradiation alone is not able to kill human normal fibroblast and human melanoma cancer cells. Preirradiation followed by treatment with PCA did not change the cell viability in human fibroblast significantly but reduced the cell viability in melanoma cells presumably through the apoptosis pathway.
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74
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Pillai SC, Borah A, Jindal A, Jacob EM, Yamamoto Y, Kumar DS. BioPerine Encapsulated Nanoformulation for Overcoming Drug-Resistant Breast Cancers. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 15:701-712. [PMID: 33363626 PMCID: PMC7750832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolving dynamics of drug resistance due to tumor heterogeneity often creates impediments to traditional therapies making it a challenging issue for cancer cure. Breast cancer often faces challenges of current therapeutic interventions owing to its multiple complexities and high drug resistivity, for example against drugs like trastuzumab and tamoxifen. Drug resistance in the majority of breast cancer is often aided by the overtly expressed P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that guides in the rapid drug efflux of chemotherapy drugs. Despite continuous endeavors and ground-breaking achievements in the pursuit of finding better cancer therapeutic avenues, drug resistance is still a menace to hold back. Among newer therapeutic approaches, the application of phytonutrients such as alkaloids to suppress P-gp activity in drug-resistant cancers has found an exciting niche in the arena of alternative cancer therapies. In this work, we would like to present a black pepper alkaloid derivative known as BioPerine-loaded chitosan (CS)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated polylactic acid (PLA) hybrid polymeric nanoparticle to improve the bioavailability of BioPerine and its therapeutic efficacy in suppressing P-gp expression in MDA-MB 453 breast cancer cell line. Our findings revealed that the CS-PEG-BioPerine-PLA nanoparticles demonstrated a smooth spherical morphology with an average size of 316 nm, with improved aqueous solubility, and provided sustained BioPerine release. The nanoparticles also enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity and downregulation of P-gp expression in MDA-MB 453 cells compared to the commercial inhibitor verapamil hydrochloride, thus promising a piece of exciting evidence for the development of BioPerine based nano-drug delivery system in combination with traditional therapies as a crucial approach to tackling multi-drug resistance in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu C Pillai
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Ankita Borah
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Amandeep Jindal
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Eden Mariam Jacob
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - D. Sakthi Kumar
- Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Saitama 350-8585, Japan
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75
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Rummun N, Rondeau P, Bourdon E, Pires E, McCullagh J, Claridge TDW, Bahorun T, Li WW, Neergheen VS. Terminalia bentzoë, a Mascarene Endemic Plant, Inhibits Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Growth In Vitro via G0/G1 Phase Cell Cycle Arrest. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13100303. [PMID: 33053825 PMCID: PMC7650599 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests constitute a prolific sanctuary of unique floral diversity and potential medicinal sources, however, many of them remain unexplored. The scarcity of rigorous scientific data on the surviving Mascarene endemic taxa renders bioprospecting of this untapped resource of utmost importance. Thus, in view of valorizing the native resource, this study has as its objective to investigate the bioactivities of endemic leaf extracts. Herein, seven Mascarene endemic plants leaves were extracted and evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant properties and antiproliferative effects on a panel of cancer cell lines, using methyl thiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and clonogenic cell survival assays. Flow cytometry and comet assay were used to investigate the cell cycle and DNA damaging effects, respectively. Bioassay guided-fractionation coupled with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (MS), gas chromatography-MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis were used to identify the bioactive compounds. Among the seven plants tested, Terminaliabentzoë was comparatively the most potent antioxidant extract, with significantly (p < 0.05) higher cytotoxic activities. T. bentzoë extract further selectively suppressed the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and significantly halted the cell cycle progression in the G0/G1 phase, decreased the cells' replicative potential and induced significant DNA damage. In total, 10 phenolic compounds, including punicalagin and ellagic acid, were identified and likely contributed to the extract's potent antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. These results established a promising basis for further in-depth investigations into the potential use of T. bentzoë as a supportive therapy in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawraj Rummun
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius;
- Biopharmaceutical Unit Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius;
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Philippe Rondeau
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Reunion, France; (P.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Emmanuel Bourdon
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, Reunion, France; (P.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Elisabete Pires
- Chemical Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; (E.P.); (J.M.); (T.D.W.C.)
| | - James McCullagh
- Chemical Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; (E.P.); (J.M.); (T.D.W.C.)
| | - Timothy D. W. Claridge
- Chemical Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; (E.P.); (J.M.); (T.D.W.C.)
| | - Theeshan Bahorun
- Biopharmaceutical Unit Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius;
| | - Wen-Wu Li
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, UK
- Correspondence: (W.-W.L.); (V.S.N.)
| | - Vidushi S. Neergheen
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius;
- Biopharmaceutical Unit Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius;
- Correspondence: (W.-W.L.); (V.S.N.)
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76
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Samodien S, Kock MD, Joubert E, Swanevelder S, Gelderblom WCA. Differential Cytotoxicity of Rooibos and Green Tea Extracts against Primary Rat Hepatocytes and Human Liver and Colon Cancer Cells - Causal Role of Major Flavonoids. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2050-2064. [PMID: 32930006 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1820054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Differential anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of aqueous extracts of green rooibos (Rg; Aspalathus linearis) and green tea (GT; Camellia sinensis) and an aspalathin-enriched extract of green rooibos (GRE), were investigated in primary rat hepatocytes (PH) and human liver (HepG2) and colon (HT-29) cancer cells. Rooibos flavonoids, aspalathin and luteolin, and the green tea flavanol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), were included to assess their contribution relative to their extract concentrations. GRE was the most effective in reducing cell growth parameters which was associated with a high total polyphenol content and high ferric reducing potential. Differential cell responses were noticed with HepG2 cells more sensitive than PH toward the induction of apoptosis by GRE. Luteolin induced apoptosis in PH and HepG2 cells while aspalathin lacked any effect. EGCG induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells while PH were resistant. HT-29 cells were resistant to apoptosis induction by the tea and pure flavonoids. Differences existed in the individual effects of the major rooibos and GT flavonoids against cell growth parameters compared to their equivalent concentrations in the extract mixtures. Diversity of the flavonoid constituents, physicochemical properties and cellular redox status governing cell survival are likely to explain the differential cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedicka Samodien
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Maryna de Kock
- Department of Medical Bioscience Program, University of Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Sonja Swanevelder
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
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77
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Nouri Z, Fakhri S, Nouri K, Wallace CE, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cancer: The Rutin Therapeutic Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2276. [PMID: 32823876 PMCID: PMC7463935 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple dysregulated signaling pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. The conventional therapies used in cancer prevention/treatment suffer from low efficacy, considerable toxicity, and high cost. Hence, the discovery and development of novel multi-targeted agents to attenuate the dysregulated signaling in cancer is of great importance. In recent decades, phytochemicals from dietary and medicinal plants have been successfully introduced as alternative anticancer agents due to their ability to modulate numerous oncogenic and oncosuppressive signaling pathways. Rutin (also known as rutoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and sophorin) is an active plant-derived flavonoid that is widely distributed in various vegetables, fruits, and medicinal plants, including asparagus, buckwheat, apricots, apples, cherries, grapes, grapefruit, plums, oranges, and tea. Rutin has been shown to target various inflammatory, apoptotic, autophagic, and angiogenic signaling mediators, including nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins, light chain 3/Beclin, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein, caspases, and vascular endothelial growth factor. A comprehensive and critical analysis of the anticancer potential of rutin and associated molecular targets amongst various cancer types has not been performed previously. Accordingly, the purpose of this review is to present an up-to-date and critical evaluation of multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms through which the anticancer effects of rutin are known to be exerted. The current challenges and limitations as well as future directions of research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran;
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
| | - Keyvan Nouri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;
| | - Carly E. Wallace
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
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78
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Alfei S, Marengo B, Zuccari G. Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Capabilities, and Bioavailability: Ellagic Acid or Urolithins? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E707. [PMID: 32759749 PMCID: PMC7465258 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS), triggered by overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, is the main mechanism responsible for several human diseases. The available one-target drugs often face such illnesses, by softening symptoms without eradicating the cause. Differently, natural polyphenols from fruits and vegetables possess multi-target abilities for counteracting OS, thus representing promising therapeutic alternatives and adjuvants. Although in several in vitro experiments, ellagitannins (ETs), ellagic acid (EA), and its metabolites urolithins (UROs) have shown similar great potential for the treatment of OS-mediated human diseases, only UROs have demonstrated in vivo the ability to reach tissues to a greater extent, thus appearing as the main molecules responsible for beneficial activities. Unfortunately, UROs production depends on individual metabotypes, and the consequent extreme variability limits their potentiality as novel therapeutics, as well as dietary assumption of EA, EA-enriched functional foods, and food supplements. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of OS; on EA and UROs chemical features and on the mechanisms of their antioxidant activity. A discussion on the clinical applicability of the debated UROs in place of EA and on the effectiveness of EA-enriched products is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 4, I-16148 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Barbara Marengo
- Department of Experimental Medicine—DIMES, Via Alberti L.B. 2, I-16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 4, I-16148 Genoa, Italy;
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79
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De Vita S, Terracciano S, Bruno I, Chini MG. From Natural Compounds to Bioactive Molecules through NMR and
In Silico
Methodologies. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Vita
- Department of Pharmacy University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, n°132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Stefania Terracciano
- Department of Pharmacy University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, n°132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Ines Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy University of Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II, n°132 84084 Fisciano (SA) Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Chini
- Department of Biosciences and Territory University of Molise C.da Fonte Lappone‐ 86090 Pesche (IS) Italy
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80
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Khalil M, Khalifeh H, Baldini F, Serale N, Parodi A, Voci A, Vergani L, Daher A. Antitumor Activity of Ethanolic Extract from Thymbra Spicata L. aerial Parts: Effects on Cell Viability and Proliferation, Apoptosis Induction, STAT3, and NF-kB Signaling. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1193-1206. [PMID: 32696667 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1792517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Thyme-like plants including Thymbra spicata L. are widely used as food and folk medicinal remedies in the Mediterranean area. This study aimed to explore the in vitro antitumor potential of polyphenol-enriched extracts from aerial parts of T. spicata. The ethanolic extract significantly inhibited proliferation of different human tumor cell lines, without significant effects on non-neoplastic cells. A deeper investigation of the molecular mechanism sustaining the in vitro antitumor activity of the extract was carried on the human breast cancer cells MCF-7 in comparison with the normal breast cells MCF-10A. The effects on MCF-7 cells were associated with the following: (i) production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and release of nitric oxide; (ii) apoptosis induction; and (iii) reduction in STAT3 and NF-kB phosphorylation. The ethanolic extract from T. spicata leaves might represent a novel therapeutic tool in combination with conventional chemotherapy to reduce the adverse side effects and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Khalil
- Laboratory Rammal Rammal (ATAC), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Hala Khalifeh
- Laboratory Rammal Rammal (ATAC), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Francesca Baldini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Nadia Serale
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessia Parodi
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Adriana Voci
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Vergani
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Ahmad Daher
- Laboratory Rammal Rammal (ATAC), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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81
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Mbemi AT, Sims JN, Yedjou CG, Noubissi FK, Gomez CR, Tchounwou PB. Vernonia calvoana Shows Promise towards the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4429. [PMID: 32580345 PMCID: PMC7352360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment for ovarian cancers includes chemotherapies which use drugs such as cisplatin, paclitaxel, carboplatin, platinum, taxanes, or their combination, and other molecular target therapies. However, these current therapies are often accompanied with side effects. Vernonia calvoana (VC) is a valuable edible medicinal plant that is widespread in West Africa. In vitro data in our lab demonstrated that VC crude extract inhibits human ovarian cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting its antitumor activity. From the VC crude extract, we have generated 10 fractions and VC fraction 7 (F7) appears to show the highest antitumor activity towards ovarian cancer cells. However, the mechanisms by which VC F7 exerts its antitumor activity in cancer cells remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that VC F7 inhibits cell proliferation and induces DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in ovarian cells through oxidative stress. To test our hypothesis, we extracted and fractionated VC leaves. The effects of VC F7 were tested in OVCAR-3 cells. Viability was assessed by the means of MTS assay. Cell morphology was analyzed by acridine orange and propidium iodide (AO/PI) dye using a fluorescent microscope. Oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated by the means of lipid peroxidation, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase assays, respectively. The degree of DNA damage was assessed by comet assay. Cell cycle distribution was assessed by flow cytometry. Data generated from the MTS assay demonstrated that VC F7 inhibits the growth of OVCAR-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner, showing a gradual increase in the loss of viability in VC F7-treated cells. Data obtained from the AO/PI dye assessment revealed morphological alterations and exhibited characteristics such as loss of cellular membrane integrity, cell shrinkage, cell membrane damage, organelle breakdown, and detachment from the culture plate. We observed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the levels of malondialdhyde (MDA) production in treated cells compared to the control. A gradual decrease in both catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were observed in the treated cells compared to the control. Data obtained from the comet assay showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the percentages of DNA cleavage and comet tail length. The results of the flow cytometry analysis indicated VC F7 treatment caused cell cycle arrest at the S-phase checkpoint. Taken together, our results demonstrate that VC F7 exerts its anticancer activity by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing DNA damage, and causing cell cycle arrest through oxidative stress in OVAR-3 cells. This finding suggests that VC F7 may be a potential alternative dietary agent for the prevention and/or treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane T. Mbemi
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Jackson, MS 39217, USA;
| | - Jennifer N. Sims
- School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson Medical Mall-Thad Cochran Center, 350 West Woodrow Wilson Avenue, Jackson, MS 39213, USA;
| | - Clement G. Yedjou
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Jackson, MS 39217, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Felicite K. Noubissi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Jackson, MS 39217, USA;
| | - Christian R. Gomez
- Departments of Pathology and Radiation Oncology, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
| | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Jackson, MS 39217, USA;
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82
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A review on anti-cancer properties of Quercetin in breast cancer. Life Sci 2020; 248:117463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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83
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Ogunlade B, Adelakun SA, Agie JA. Nutritional supplementation of gallic acid ameliorates Alzheimer-type hippocampal neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment induced by aluminum chloride exposure in adult Wistar rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:651-662. [PMID: 32329360 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1754849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to aluminum through occupational hazards or food/water intake has been linked to the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed at investigating the neuroprotective effects of Gallic Acid (GA) against aluminum-chloride induced AD in adult Wistar rats. Twenty eight (28) adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 7). Group A received normal saline as placebo; Group B received 200 mg/kg bw of AlCl3 only; Group C received 100 mg/kg bw of GA only and group D received 100 mg/kg bw of GA and 200 mg/kg bw of AlCl3. At the end of the 60 days experiment, blood samples were collected to obtain serum for analysis and the brain was harvested. Neurobehavioural tests (Morris Water maze, Y-Maze), neurotransmitter levels, oxidative stress markers, serum electrolytes, antioxidant enzymes and histological assessment were carried out. There was a significant decrease in antioxidant enzymes (CAT, GSH and SOD), serum electrolyte (except K+) and neurotransmitter levels (except norepinephrine) with corresponding increase in stress markers (MDA, H2O2 and NO) among group B compared to control but was restored nearly to normal after GA administration. Neurobehavioral tests showed decreased spatial memory impairment and learning deficit in group B compared to control but was ameliorated with GA administration. Histological observation showed neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques in the external granular layer of group B but protected by GA administration. Nutritional supplementation of GA preserve the morphological and physiological integrity of the hippocampus against environmental neurotoxins (AlCl3) by mopping up free radicals associated with oxidative stress induced AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ogunlade
- Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - S A Adelakun
- Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - J A Agie
- Human Anatomy Department, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Akure, Nigeria
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84
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Maruszewska A, Tarasiuk J. Quercetin Triggers Induction of Apoptotic and Lysosomal Death of Sensitive and Multidrug Resistant Leukaemia HL60 Cells. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:484-501. [PMID: 32329631 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1752745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) constitutes the major cause of the failure in anticancer therapy. One of the most important mechanisms leading to the occurrence of MDR is related to the modulation of cellular death pathways. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of quercetin (Q) on triggering the programed death of human promyelocytic leukemia sensitive cells HL60 as well as multidrug resistant HL60/VINC cells overexpressing P-glycoprotein and HL60/MX2 cells characterized by the presence of mutated α isoform of topoisomerase II and the absence of β isoform of this enzyme. Q exerted comparable cytotoxic activities toward sensitive HL60 cells and their MDR counterparts. It was also found that this compound modulated the cellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and led to the marked decrease in cellular GSH level. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that Q used at IC50 and IC90 significantly increased the percentage of sub-G1 subpopulation of all studied leukemia cells causing oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. The present study also indicated that Q used at IC90 triggers predominantly programed cell death of sensitive HL60 cells and their MDR counterparts by induction of apoptosis occurring with the involvement of caspase-3 and caspase-8 as well as by lysosome membrane permeabilization-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Maruszewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.,Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Tarasiuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.,Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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85
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Kantapan J, Paksee S, Chawapun P, Sangthong P, Dechsupa N. Pentagalloyl Glucose- and Ethyl Gallate-Rich Extract from Maprang Seeds Induce Apoptosis in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells through Mitochondria-Mediated Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:5686029. [PMID: 32382295 PMCID: PMC7193289 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5686029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Bouea macrophylla Griffith, locally known as maprang, has important economic value as a Thai fruit tree. The maprang seed extract (MPSE) has been shown to exhibit antibacterial and anticancer activities. However, the bioactive constituents in MPSE and the molecular mechanisms underlying these anticancer activities remain poorly understood. This study aims to identify the active compounds in MPSE and to investigate the mechanisms involved in MPSE-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 treated cancer cells. The cytotoxic effect was determined by MTT assay. The apoptosis induction of MPSE was evaluated in terms of ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, and apoptosis-related gene expression. The compounds identified by HPLC and LC/MS analysis were pentagalloyl glucose, ethyl gallate, and gallic acid. MPSE treatment decreased cell proliferation in MCF-7 cells, and MPSE was postulated to induce G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. MPSE was found to promote intracellular ROS production in MCF-7 treated cells and to also influence the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, MPSE treatment can lead to increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 gene expression ratio, suggesting that MPSE-induced apoptosis is mitochondria-dependent pathway. Our results suggest that natural products obtained from maprang seeds have the potential to target the apoptosis pathway in breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Kantapan
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siwaphon Paksee
- Department of Radiological Technology, Kanchanabhishek Institute of Medical and Public Health Technology, Nonthaburi 11150, Thailand
| | - Pornthip Chawapun
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Padchanee Sangthong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Center on Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products from Northern Resources, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nathupakorn Dechsupa
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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86
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Tabrez S, Jabir NR, Adhami VM, Khan MI, Moulay M, Kamal MA, Mukhtar H. Nanoencapsulated dietary polyphenols for cancer prevention and treatment: successes and challenges. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1147-1162. [PMID: 32292109 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many dietary polyphenols have been investigated for their therapeutic potential either as single agents or in combinations. Despite the significant anticancer potential of these polyphenols in in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal models, their clinical applications have been limited because of challenges such as ineffective systemic delivery, stability and low bioavailability. Nanoencapsulation of these polyphenols could prolong circulation, improve localization, enhance efficacy and reduce the chances of multidrug resistance. This review summarized the use of various polyphenols especially epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, curcumin and resveratrol as nanoformulations for cancer prevention and treatment. Despite some success, more research is warranted to design a nanoencapsulated combination of polyphenols, effective in in vitro, in vivo and human systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasimudeen R Jabir
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Research & Development, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613403, India
| | | | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Moulay
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
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87
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Hassabou NF, Farag AF. Anticancer effects induced by artichoke extract in oral squamous carcinoma cell lines. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2020; 32:17. [PMID: 32372389 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-020-00026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma is occupying the eighth position of all malignant neoplasia worldwide. Nowadays, natural compounds found in vegetables and fruits are important resources of many anticancer drugs especially those with high levels of phytochemicals representing an efficient strategy for cancer prevention and treatment. Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a kind of antioxidant-rich vegetables demonstrated a potential anticancer activity on various types of cancer cells related to its content of phenolic compounds. Anticarcinogenic effects of polyphenolic extracts were reported to cause a reduction in cell viability, inhibition of cell growth, and initiation of apoptotic mechanisms. The present study aimed to investigate the cell cycle arrest, cytotoxic, and apoptotic effects of artichoke extract against the invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma. RESULTS A pure extract from the edible part and leaves of fresh artichoke was added to oral squamous carcinoma cell lines and to control group to evaluate the expression of caspase-9, Bcl-2, and Bax genes. Artichoke extract demonstrated the highest cytotoxic effect against cancer cell lines which increased in a time-dependent manner. No apparent effects were observed in the normal control group. Expression of Bax and caspase-9 genes revealed a highly significant increase in cancer cell lines (p = 0.0001) when compared to the control group. In addition to a highly significant decrease (p = 0.005) in Bcl-2 of cancer cells. It was demonstrated that artichoke extract induced cell growth arrest at G2/M phase which revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in comparison to the untreated control group. CONCLUSION Artichoke exerts potent cell cycle arrest, cytotoxic, and apoptotic effects on oral squamous carcinoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Fathy Hassabou
- Oral and maxillofacial pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, October 6 University, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Amina Fouad Farag
- Oral and maxillofacial pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, October 6 University, Giza, 12585, Egypt
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88
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Rodrigues CA, Nicácio AE, Boeing JS, Garcia FP, Nakamura CV, Visentainer JV, Maldaner L. Rapid extraction method followed by a d-SPE clean-up step for determination of phenolic composition and antioxidant and antiproliferative activities from berry fruits. Food Chem 2020; 309:125694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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89
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Pharmacological Activity of Quercetin and 5 Caffeoylquinic Acid Oral Intake in Male Balb/c Mice with Lung Adenocarcinoma. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:8-12. [PMID: 32086110 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) is a major worldwide cause of death by cancer, it shows high aggressiveness, functional decline, systemic compromise and severe cachexia, which might be counteracted by dietary redox-active phytochemicals. Therefore, our aim was to establish the anticancer effects of the oral intake of quercetin and 5 caffeoylquinic acid. METHODS LAC-1-bearing male Balb/c mice received quercetin (0-25 μg/kg/d) and 5 caffeoylquinic acid (0-120 μg/kg/d) for three weeks, with different organic and biochemical variables being then compared with ANOVA and the Fisher Test (p <0.05). RESULTS Quercetin delayed 1.18 fold tumour appearance and increased 8.87 fold non-neoplastic body weight gain, whereas 5 caffeoylquinic acid did it in a lesser extent (1.17 and 2.48 fold, respectively), with tumour weight being consequent with the evolution time. Quercetin induced >1.15 fold tumour hydroperoxides and lipoperoxides, whereas 5 caffeoylquinic acid induced only lipoperoxides. Although both phytochemicals reduced <0.85 fold hydroperoxides and lipoperoxides in the kidney, only quercetin was also antioxidant in the liver. Additionally, 5 caffeoylquinic acid increased >1.15 fold hepatic and renal weights. Although these phytochemicals did not modify telencephalic interleukin 6 production, quercetin augmented 2.51 fold interleukin 6 in the diencephalon, whereas 5 caffeoylquinic acid decreased it 0.43 fold. CONCLUSIONS Quercetin delayed lung adenocarcinoma appearance and increased the non-neoplastic body weight gain in mice with tumour oxidative stress, without brain interleukin 6 participation. 5 caffeoylquinic acid showed similar effects, although they were weaker. Additionally, quercetin acted as a hepatic and renal antioxidant, whereas 5 caffeoylquinic acid only exerted this effect in the kidney. Therefore, safe oral doses of this flavonoid are promissory to modulate lung cancer progression, with further studies being encouraged.
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90
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The dual role of curcumin and ferulic acid in counteracting chemoresistance and cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1063. [PMID: 31974389 PMCID: PMC6978317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based agents, such as cisplatin, form the mainstay of currently used chemotherapeutic regimens for several malignancies; however, the main limitations are chemoresistance and ototoxic side effects. In this study we used two different polyphenols, curcumin and ferulic acid as adjuvant chemotherapeutics evaluating (1) in vivo their antioxidant effects in protecting against cisplatin ototoxicity and (2) in vitro the transcription factors involved in tumor progression and cisplatin resistance. We reported that both polyphenols show antioxidant and oto-protective activity in the cochlea by up-regulating Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway and downregulating p53 phosphorylation. However, only curcumin is able to influence inflammatory pathways counteracting NF-κB activation. In human cancer cells, curcumin converts the anti-oxidant effect into a pro-oxidant and anti-inflammatory one. Curcumin exerts permissive and chemosensitive properties by targeting the cisplatin chemoresistant factors Nrf-2, NF-κB and STAT-3 phosphorylation. Ferulic acid shows a biphasic response: it is pro-oxidant at lower concentrations and anti-oxidant at higher concentrations promoting chemoresistance. Thus, polyphenols, mainly curcumin, targeting ROS-modulated pathways may be a promising tool for cancer therapy. Thanks to their biphasic activity of antioxidant in normal cells undergoing stressful conditions and pro-oxidant in cancer cells, these polyphenols probably engage an interplay among the key factors Nrf-2, NF-κB, STAT-3 and p53.
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91
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Nagesh PKB, Chowdhury P, Hatami E, Jain S, Dan N, Kashyap VK, Chauhan SC, Jaggi M, Yallapu MM. Tannic acid inhibits lipid metabolism and induce ROS in prostate cancer cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:980. [PMID: 31969643 PMCID: PMC6976712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) cells exploit the aberrant lipid signaling and metabolism as their survival advantage. Also, intracellular storage lipids act as fuel for the PCa proliferation. However, few studies were available that addressed the topic of targeting lipid metabolism in PCa. Here, we assessed the tannic acid (TA) lipid-targeting ability and its capability to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PCa cells. TA exhibited dual effects by inhibiting lipogenic signaling and suppression of lipid metabolic pathways. The expression of proteins responsible for lipogenesis was down regulated. The membrane permeability and functionality of PCa were severely affected and caused nuclear disorganization during drug exposure. Finally, these consolidated events shifted the cell's survival balance towards apoptosis. These results suggest that TA distinctly interferes with the lipid signaling and metabolism of PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth K B Nagesh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Pallabita Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Elham Hatami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Shashi Jain
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
- Department of Pathology, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, and Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nirnoy Dan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Vivek Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, 78504, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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92
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Khorsandi K, Kianmehr Z, hosseinmardi Z, Hosseinzadeh R. Anti-cancer effect of gallic acid in presence of low level laser irradiation: ROS production and induction of apoptosis and ferroptosis. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:18. [PMID: 31956296 PMCID: PMC6958578 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-1100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are different treatments for breast cancer and melanoma that mostly have some side effects. One of the therapeutic strategies is the use of natural components. Phenol components are a class of antioxidants in plants that have many biological functions like anticancer effects. Gallic acid (GA) is a natural polyhydroxy phenolic compound and commonly found in various foods. In the present study, GA effects alone and in combination with low-level laser irradiation on human dermal fibroblast cell line (HDF), human non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line (MCF10A), breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and melanoma cancer cell line (A375) was under the investigation. METHODS The normal and cancerous cell lines were exposed to 660 nm low-level laser with 3 J/cm2 for 90 s. Then, the cells were treated with different concentrations of GA for 24 h. In another study, the cell lines firstly were treated with GA and then exposed to low-level laser irradiation. The effects of GA and low-level laser on cell survival and apoptosis were examined using MTT assay, light microscopy, ROS production assay, fluorescence microscopy (AO/EB double staining) and flow cytometry. RESULTS The results showed that pre-treatment with low-level laser and then GA reduced the survival of breast cancer cells and melanoma more than the first treatment with GA and then low-level laser irradiation. Our findings showed that ROS production in cells treated with both low-level laser and GA was more than the cells treated with GA alone. The apoptosis and ferroptosis assays confirmed the MTT results which combination treatment with low-level laser and then GA increase the cell death probably via apoptosis and ferroptosis cell death mechanisms compared to GA alone. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that low-level laser irradiation alone is not able to cause death in human normal and cancerous cells. Preirradiation followed by GA treatment did not change the cell viability in human normal significantly but reduces the cell survival of cancer cells more than GA alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Kianmehr
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology (Biochemistry), Faculty of Biological Science, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh hosseinmardi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology (Biochemistry), Faculty of Biological Science, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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93
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Poor Dietary Polyphenol Intake in Childhood Cancer Patients. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112835. [PMID: 31752350 PMCID: PMC6893556 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging research demonstrates polyphenol-rich diets like the Mediterranean diet may play a role in improving the outcomes of adult cancer therapy. To date, there are no trials assessing the intake or efficacy of polyphenol-rich diets in childhood cancer patients. In this study we collected dietary data on 59 childhood cancer patients on treatment using a three-pass 24-h dietary recall (24-HDR), which is based on a validated and structured three-part methodology. Polyphenol consumption was calculated by matching the food consumption data with polyphenol content extracted from the most updated Phenol-Explorer database. The mean total polyphenol intake was 173.31 ± 141.02 mg/day. The major food sources of polyphenols were fruits, beverages, and cereals. There were no significant associations with time since diagnosis, body mass index (BMI) z-score, types of cancer, treatment intensity, food-related symptoms, relapse, and total daily polyphenol intake. Further investigation with larger studies will facilitate the steps in assessing the value of polyphenol-rich dietary patterns in future nutritional interventions for childhood cancer patients.
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94
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Al-Eitan LN, Alzoubi KH, Al-Smadi LI, Khabour OF. Vitamin E protects against cisplatin-induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 62:104672. [PMID: 31629897 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is an anticancer drug that is widely used in treatments of human malignancies such as ovaries,' testes,' and solid tumors of the head and neck. However, the use of cisplatin in the treatments can be associated with DNA damage and high risk to the development of secondary malignancies. Vitamin E is a strong lipophilic antioxidant that has the ability to protect normal cells from chromosomal damage and promote the repair of the damaged DNA. In the current study, the possible protective effect of vitamin E on DNA damage induced by cisplatin was investigated. For that, chromosomal aberrations (CAs) frequency and the number of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were measured in cultured human lymphocytes. Results showed that cisplatin statistically significant increases in the number of cells with CAs (P < 0.05) and in the frequency of SCEs (P < 0.05) as compared to the control group. These increases were significantly lowered by pretreatment of cells with vitamin E. Additionally, cisplatin reduced mitotic index at used concentrations (P < 0.05), which was normalized by vitamin E. Therefore, we conclude that vitamin E can prevent the genotoxicity of cisplatin on cultured human lymphocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith N Al-Eitan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 22110 Irbid, Jordan; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 22110 Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 22110 Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Lara I Al-Smadi
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 22110 Irbid, Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, 22110 Irbid, Jordan.
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95
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Popović D, Kocić G, Katić V, Zarubica A, Janković Veličković L, Ničković VP, Jović A, Veljković A, Petrović V, Rakić V, Jović Z, Poklar Ulrih N, Sokolović D, Stojanović M, Stanković M, Radenković G, Nikolić GR, Lukač А, Milosavljević A, Sokolović D. Anthocyanins Protect Hepatocytes against CCl 4-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Rats by Inhibiting Pro-inflammatory mediators, Polyamine Catabolism, Lipocalin-2, and Excessive Proliferation of Kupffer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100451. [PMID: 31590249 PMCID: PMC6826396 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
: This study examined the hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins from Vaccinim myrtillus (bilberry) fruit extract on the acute liver failure caused by carbon tetrachloride-CCl4 (3 mL/kg, i.p.). The preventive treatment of the bilberry extract (200 mg anthocyanins/kg, orally, 7 days) prior to the exposure to the CCl4 resulted in an evident decrease in markers of liver damage (glutamate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase), and reduced pro-oxidative (conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, advanced oxidation protein products, NADPH oxidase, hydrogen peroxide, oxidized glutathione), and pro-inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, nitrite, myeloperoxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, CD68, lipocalin-2), and also caused a significant decrease in the dissipation of the liver antioxidative defence capacities (reduced glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, and quinone reductase) in comparison to the results detected in the animals treated with CCl4 exclusively. The administration of the anthocyanins prevented the arginine metabolism's diversion towards the citrulline, decreased the catabolism of polyamines (the activity of putrescine oxidase and spermine oxidase), and significantly reduced the excessive activation and hyperplasia of the Kupffer cells. There was also an absence of necrosis, in regard to the toxic effect of CCl4 alone. The hepatoprotective mechanisms of bilberry extract are based on the inhibition of pro-oxidative mediators, strong anti-inflammatory properties, inducing of hepatic phase II antioxidant enzymes (glutathione S-transferase, quinone reductase) and reduced glutathione, hypoplasia of Kupffer cells, and a decrease in the catabolism of polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Popović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (G.K.); (A.V.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +00-381-637-195-951
| | - Gordana Kocić
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (G.K.); (A.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Vuka Katić
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (V.K.); (L.J.V.)
| | - Aleksandra Zarubica
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Ljubinka Janković Veličković
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (V.K.); (L.J.V.)
| | | | - Andrija Jović
- Clinic of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Clinical Center of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 48, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Andrej Veljković
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (G.K.); (A.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Vladimir Petrović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (V.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Violeta Rakić
- College of Agriculture and Food Technology, Ćirila i Metodija 1, 18400 Prokuplje, Serbia;
| | - Zorica Jović
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Danka Sokolović
- Institute for Blood Transfusion in Nis, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 48, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Marko Stojanović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Marko Stanković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Goran Radenković
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (V.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Gordana R. Nikolić
- Medical Faculty, University of Priština, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia;
| | - Аzra Lukač
- Health Center Rožaje, 84310 Rožaje, Montenegro;
| | - Aleksandar Milosavljević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (M.S.); (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Dušan Sokolović
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Bulevar dr Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (G.K.); (A.V.); (D.S.)
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96
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Polyphenols: Major regulators of key components of DNA damage response in cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 82:102679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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97
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Miele D, Catenacci L, Sorrenti M, Rossi S, Sandri G, Malavasi L, Dacarro G, Ferrari F, Bonferoni MC. Chitosan Oleate Coated Poly Lactic-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) Nanoparticles versus Chitosan Oleate Self-Assembled Polymeric Micelles, Loaded with Resveratrol. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E515. [PMID: 31480614 PMCID: PMC6780743 DOI: 10.3390/md17090515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oleate (CS-OA), a chitosan salt with amphiphilic properties, has demonstrated the ability to self-assemble in aqueous environment to give polymeric micelles useful to load poorly soluble drugs. More recently, CS-OA was proposed to stabilize nanoemulsions during the preparation by emulsification and solvent evaporation of poly lactic-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with curcumin. Positive mucoadhesive behavior and internalization properties were demonstrated for these NPs attributable to the presence of positive charge at the NP surface. In the present paper, two CS-OA-based nanosystems, micelles and PLGA NPs, were compared with the aim of elucidating their physico-chemical characteristics, and especially their interaction with cell substrates. The two systems were loaded with resveratrol (RSV), a hydrophobic polyphenol endowed with anti-cancerogenic, anti-inflammatory, and heart/brain protective effects, but with low bioavailability mainly due to poor aqueous solubility. Calorimetric analysis and X-ray spectra demonstrated amorphization of RSV, confirming its affinity for hydrophobic domains of polymeric micelles and PLGA core of NPs. TGA decomposition patterns suggest higher stability of PLGA-NPs compared with polymeric micelles, that anyway resulted more stable than expected, considering the RSV release profiles, and the cell line interaction results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Miele
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Catenacci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Milena Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Malavasi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dacarro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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98
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Nowdijeh AA, Moosavi MA, Hosseinzadeh S, Soleimani M, Sabouni F, Hosseini-Mazinani M. Anti-oxidant and Selective Anti-proliferative Effects of the Total Cornicabra Olive Polyphenols on Human Gastric MKN45 Cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 17:e1967. [PMID: 31457043 PMCID: PMC6697859 DOI: 10.21859/ijb.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background According to the epidemiological studies, consuming olive products can decrease the incidence of the different types of cancers mostly due to the high anti-oxidant properties of their polyphenolic compounds. Objectives To evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative potentials of the olive fruits total polyphenols on the gastric adenocarcinoma MKN45 cells in comparison to the normal Hu02 cells. Materials and Methods The total phenolic content of the olive fruits and radical scavenging activity were determined by Folin and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) tests respectively. MTT assay was performed for the evaluation of the cell viability. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured using DCFH-DA. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16 statistical software. Results Treatment of the MKN45 cells with the phenolic compounds extracted from olive fruits decreased growth and viability of the cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, treatment of the MKN45 cells with a combination of the phenolic compounds extracts and cytarabine further decreased cell compared to monotherapy of the cells with each compound alone. Mechanistically, we showed that the anti-cancer effects of the olive polyphenols in the MKN45 cells are mediated through depletion of ROS. Similarly, polyphenolic extracts were found to decrease ROS level in the normal cells at the concentrations of 500 and 1000 μg.mL-1 and short treatment times (6 h), but the viability of these cells did not significantly change. At high concentrations (2000 μg.mL-1) of the phenolic extracts or at longer times of incubation (12 h), however, both ROS levels and the viability of the cells were significantly decreased in the normal cells. Conclusions The olive fruits polyphenolic extract modulates ROS levels and selectively targets cancerous cells at low concentrations. Also, the effects of cytarabine could be potentiated by the olive fruits polyphenols. Thus, for a combined protocol of cancer cell therapy, olive fruit polyphenolic compound could be proposed as a proper candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Amiri Nowdijeh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- School of Advanced Technologies of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-331, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sabouni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hosseini-Mazinani
- Department of Plant Molecular Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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99
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Durazzo A, Lucarini M, Souto EB, Cicala C, Caiazzo E, Izzo AA, Novellino E, Santini A. Polyphenols: A concise overview on the chemistry, occurrence, and human health. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2221-2243. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eliana B. Souto
- Faculty of Pharmacy of University of Coimbra Azinhaga de Santa Comba Coimbra Portugal
- CEB‐Centre of Biological EngineeringUniversity of Minho Braga Portugal
| | - Carla Cicala
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy
| | | | - Angelo A. Izzo
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Napoli Federico II Napoli Italy
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In Search of Panacea-Review of Recent Studies Concerning Nature-Derived Anticancer Agents. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061426. [PMID: 31242602 PMCID: PMC6627480 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are one of the leading causes of deaths affecting millions of people around the world, therefore they are currently a major public health problem. The treatment of cancer is based on surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or immunotherapy, much of which is often insufficient and cause serious, burdensome and undesirable side effects. For many years, assorted secondary metabolites derived from plants have been used as antitumor agents. Recently, researchers have discovered a large number of new natural substances which can effectively interfere with cancer cells’ metabolism. The most famous groups of these compounds are topoisomerase and mitotic inhibitors. The aim of the latest research is to characterize natural compounds found in many common foods, especially by means of their abilities to regulate cell cycle, growth and differentiation, as well as epigenetic modulation. In this paper, we focus on a review of recent discoveries regarding nature-derived anticancer agents.
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