51
|
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between miR-221 expression and prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma.miR-221 expression in 69 osteosarcoma specimens and corresponding noncancer tissues were characterized by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The associations of miR-221 expression with clinicopathologic factors and prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma were statistically analyzed.miR-221 expression in patients with osteosarcoma was significantly higher than in the corresponding noncancer tissues (P < .01). miR-221 overexpression was significantly associated with tumor stage, metastatic status, and response to chemotherapy pretreatment. Cox regression analysis revealed that miR-221expression, metastasis, and response to chemotherapy were independent prognostic indicators for osteosarcoma.miR-221 upregulation may predict clinical outcomes in patients with osteosarcoma.
Collapse
|
52
|
Mumford SL, Towler BP, Pashler AL, Gilleard O, Martin Y, Newbury SF. Circulating MicroRNA Biomarkers in Melanoma: Tools and Challenges in Personalised Medicine. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8020021. [PMID: 29701682 PMCID: PMC6022922 DOI: 10.3390/biom8020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective management of melanoma depends heavily on early diagnosis. When detected in early non-metastatic stages, melanoma is almost 100% curable by surgical resection, however when detected in late metastatic stages III and IV, 5-year survival rates drop to ~50% and 10–25%, respectively, due to limited efficacy of current treatment options. This presents a pressing need to identify biomarkers that can detect patients at high risk of recurrence and progression to metastatic disease, which will allow for early intervention and survival benefit. Accumulating evidence over the past few decades has highlighted the potential use of circulating molecular biomarkers for melanoma diagnosis and prognosis, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) fragments. Since 2010, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been increasingly recognised as more robust non-invasive biomarkers for melanoma due to their structural stability under the harsh conditions of the blood and different conditions of sample processing and isolation. Several pre-analytical and analytical variables challenge the accurate quantification of relative miRNA levels between serum samples or plasma samples, leading to conflicting findings between studies on circulating miRNA biomarkers for melanoma. In this review, we provide a critical summary of the circulating miRNA biomarkers for melanoma published to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Mumford
- Medical Research Building, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK.
| | - Benjamin P Towler
- Medical Research Building, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK.
| | - Amy L Pashler
- Medical Research Building, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK.
| | - Onur Gilleard
- Pathology and Pharmacy Building at The Royal London Hospital, 80 Newark Street, London E1 2ES, UK.
| | - Yella Martin
- Huxley Building, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
| | - Sarah F Newbury
- Medical Research Building, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Tucci M, Mannavola F, Passarelli A, Stucci LS, Cives M, Silvestris F. Exosomes in melanoma: a role in tumor progression, metastasis and impaired immune system activity. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20826-20837. [PMID: 29755693 PMCID: PMC5945529 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes (Exo) are small vesicles produced by melanoma cells and the accessory cells of the tumor microenvironment. They emerge via both classical and direct pathways and actively participate in tumor colonisation of distant tissues. The proteins, nucleic acids, cytokines and growth factors engulfed by Exo are transferred to recipient cells, where they drive numerous functions required for the tumor escape from immune system control and tumor progression. By positively or negatively modulating immune cell properties, Exo provoke immune suppression and, in turn, defective dendritic cell (DC) functions. Together, these effects limit the cytotoxicity of T-cells and expand both T-regulatory and myeloid-derived suppressor populations. They also hinder perforin and granzyme production by natural killer cells. Finally, Exo also control the organotropism of melanoma cells. The distinct phenotypic properties of Exo can be exploited both for diagnostic purposes and in the early identification of melanoma patients likely to respond to immunotherapy. The potential therapeutic application of Exo derived from DCs has been demonstrated in vaccination trials, which showed an increase in anti-melanoma activity with respect to circulating tumor cells. However, additional studies are required before Exo can be effectively used in diagnostic and therapeutic applications in melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Mannavola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Passarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigia Stefania Stucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Cives
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Tan X, Tang H, Bi J, Li N, Jia Y. MicroRNA-222-3p associated with Helicobacter pylori targets HIPK2 to promote cell proliferation, invasion, and inhibits apoptosis in gastric cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5153-5162. [PMID: 29227536 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer ranks as the second leading cause of malignancy-related death worldwide, and always diagnosed at advanced stage. MicroRNA-222-3p (miR-222-3p) is aberrantly upregulated in various malignant tumors including gastric cancer, but its role and underlying molecular mechanisms in gastric cancer remain largely unknown. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection acts as a trigger in the development of gastric cancer, and increasing evidence suggests that H. pylori affects microRNA expression. In this study, gastric cancer tissue samples were divided into H. pylori positive group (+) and negative group (-). QRT-PCR showed that miR-222-3p was significantly upregulated in H. pylori (+) group compared with H. pylori (-) group, and luciferase reporter assays identified homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) as a novel target of miR-222-3p in gastric cancer. Immunohistochemistry revealed that HIPK2 levels were decreased in H. pylori (+) group compared with H. pylori (-). After that, functional experiments indicated that miR-222-3p overexpression promoted the proliferation and invasion, while inhibiting apoptosis of SGC7901 gastric cancer cells, but miR-222-3p knockdown exhibited the opposite effects. Also, HIPK2 knockdown induced similar effects as miR-222-3p overexpression in SGC7901 cells. Nude mouse experiments further suggested that HIPK2 overexpression signally attenuated the enhancing effect of miR-222-3p overexpression on cell proliferation, indicating that the effect of miR-222-3p on gastric cancer progression depends on HIPK2, at least in part. Overall, our results demonstrated that miR-222-3p/HIPK2 signal pathway regulated gastric cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion, provided a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric cancer infected by H. pylori.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haiying Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jian Bi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Na Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yujie Jia
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Sun T, Du SY, Armenia J, Qu F, Fan J, Wang X, Fei T, Komura K, Liu SX, Lee GSM, Kantoff PW. Expression of lncRNA MIR222HG co-transcribed from the miR-221/222 gene promoter facilitates the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncogenesis 2018. [PMID: 29540675 PMCID: PMC5852960 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms by which non-coding RNAs contribute to the progression of hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (PCa) (HSPC) to castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) remain largely unknown. We previously showed that microRNA-221/222 is up-regulated in CRPC and plays a critical role in modulating androgen receptor function during CRPC development. With further investigation, we characterized a putative promoter region located 23.3 kb upstream of the miR-221/222 gene, and this promoter is differentially activated in CRPC LNCaP-Abl cells, leading to the up-regulation of miR-221/222. Upon promoter activation, a set of polyadenylated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MIR222HGs was transcribed from this promoter region. Over-expression of these MIR222HGs increased androgen-independent cell growth and repressed the expression of androgen receptor-regulated dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced KLK3, TMPRSS2, and FKBP5 in HSPC LNCaP cells, hallmarks of the CRPC phenotype. Clinically, increased expression of MIR222HG is associated with PCa progression to CRPC. In primary tumors, expression levels of MIR222HG and miR-221/222 inversely correlate with Gleason score and androgen receptor (AR) pathway activity. Interestingly, MIR222HG is Argonaute 2-bound and its expression is Dicer 1-dependent, suggesting its functional association with the RNA-induced silencing complex. Further studies led to the hypothesis that MIR222HG may potentially affect miR-mediated expression silencing, subsequently leading to AR reprogramming. Our study highlights an essential role of a non-coding RNA in CRPC development and that differential activation of a single promoter can up-regulate two different types of non-coding RNAs, miR-221/222 and lncRNA MIR222HG, in CRPC. Additionally, this study reveals a novel function of lncRNAs as a modulator of Argonaute-mediated RNA-induced silencing complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Shin-Yi Du
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Joshua Armenia
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fangfang Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jingyu Fan
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Teng Fei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kazumasa Komura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Shirley X Liu
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Gwo-Shu Mary Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
MicroRNA-222-3p/GNAI2/AKT axis inhibits epithelial ovarian cancer cell growth and associates with good overall survival. Oncotarget 2018; 7:80633-80654. [PMID: 27811362 PMCID: PMC5348346 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal gynecologic tumor worldwide. Despite having developed molecular diagnostic tools and targeted therapies over the past few decades, patient survival is still quite poor. Numerous studies suggest that microRNAs are key regulators of many fundamental biological processes, including neoplasia and tumor progression. miR-222 is one of those miRNAs that has attracted much attention for its multiple roles in human diseases, especially cancer. The potential role of microRNAs in ovarian cancer has attracted much attention in recent years. Some of these microRNAs have been suggested as potential therapeutic targets for EOC patients. In this study, we sought to investigate the biologic functions of miR-222-3p in EOC carcinogenesis. Herein, we examined the expression of miR-222-3p in EOC patients, mouse models and cell lines, and found that higher expression of miR-222-3p was associated with better overall survival in EOC patients, and its level was negatively correlated with tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, in-vitro experiments indicated that miR-222-3p inhibited EOC cell proliferation and migration, and decreased the phosphorylation of AKT. We identified GNAI2 as a target of miR-222-3p. We also found that GNAI2 promoted EOC cell proliferation, and is an activator of the PI3K/AKT pathway. We describe the characterization of a novel regulatory axis in ovarian cancer cells, miR-222-3p/GNAI2/AKT and its potential application as a therapeutic target for EOC patients.
Collapse
|
57
|
Puglisi R, Bellenghi M, Pontecorvi G, Gulino A, Petrini M, Felicetti F, Bottero L, Mattia G, Carè A. SCD5 restored expression favors differentiation and epithelial-mesenchymal reversion in advanced melanoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7567-7581. [PMID: 29484133 PMCID: PMC5800925 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous data supported a role for the Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD5) in protection against malignancy, whereby it appears to functionally modify tumor stroma impairing tumor spread. SCD5 is significantly expressed in primary melanoma, but becomes barely detectable at tumor advanced stages. Looking for the regulatory mechanisms underlying SCD5 reduced expression during melanoma progression, we demonstrated a significantly lower stability of SCD5 protein as well as the direct targeting of SCD5 mRNA by the oncogenic miR-221&222 in metastatic cell lines. Moreover, our results indicated the existence of a negative feedback loop between SCD5 and miR-221&222, in good agreement with their opposite functions. Also, we showed how SCD5 re-expression and the direct supplementation of its main product oleic acid (OA) can drive advanced melanoma cell lines toward differentiation and reversion of the epithelial-mesenchymal (EMT)-like process, eventually inducing a less malignant phenotype. Indeed, SCD5 re-established the sensitivity to all-trans retinoic acid in A375M metastatic melanoma, associated with increased levels of Tyrosinase, melanin production and reduced proliferation. As evidenced by the correct modulation of some key transcription factors, SCD5 managed by favoring a partial mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) transition in in vitro studies. Interestingly, a more complete MET, including E-cadherin re-expression correctly localized at cell membranes, was obtained in in vivo xenograft models, thus indicating the requirement of direct contacts between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment as well as the presence of some essential factors for SCD5 complete function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Puglisi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit-Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Bellenghi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit-Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Pontecorvi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit-Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gulino
- Department of Health Science, Tumor Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Palermo University School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marina Petrini
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit-Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Felicetti
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Lisabianca Bottero
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit-Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Mattia
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit-Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carè
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit-Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Thyagarajan A, Shaban A, Sahu RP. MicroRNA-Directed Cancer Therapies: Implications in Melanoma Intervention. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 364:1-12. [PMID: 29054858 PMCID: PMC5733457 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.242636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired tumor resistance to cancer therapies poses major challenges in the treatment of cancers including melanoma. Among several signaling pathways or factors that affect neocarcinogenesis, cancer progression, and therapies, altered microRNAs (miRNAs) expression has been identified as a crucial player in modulating the key pathways governing these events. While studies in the miRNA field have grown exponentially in the last decade, much remains to be discovered, particularly with respect to their roles in cancer therapies. Since immune and nonimmune signaling cascades prevail in cancers, identification and evaluation of miRNAs, their molecular mechanisms and cellular targets involved in the underlying development of cancers, and acquired therapeutic resistance would help in devising new strategies for the prognosis, treatment, and an early detection of recurrence. Importantly, in-depth validation of miRNA-targeted molecular events could lead to the development of accurate progression-risk biomarkers, improved effectiveness, and improved patient responses to standard therapies. The current review focuses on the roles of miRNAs with recent updates on regulated cell cycle and proliferation, immune responses, oncogenic/epigenetic signaling pathways, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis, with broader attention paid to melanomagenesis and melanoma therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Thyagarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio (A.T., R.P.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt (A.S.)
| | - Ahmed Shaban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio (A.T., R.P.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt (A.S.)
| | - Ravi Prakash Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio (A.T., R.P.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Abstract
Approximately 50% of all cutaneous melanomas harbor activating BRAF V600 mutations; among, these 10-30% carry the V600K mutation. Clinically, patients with V600K tumors experience distant metastases sooner and have an increased risk of relapse and shorter survival than patients with V600E tumors. Despite the clinical and other histopathological differences between these BRAF tumor subtypes, little is known about them at the genomic level. Herein, we systematically compared BRAF V600E and V600K skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for differential protein, gene, and microRNA expression genome-wide using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Our analyses showed that elements of energy-metabolism and protein-translation pathways were upregulated and that proapoptotic pathways were downregulated in V600K tumors compared with V600E tumors. We found that c-Kit protein and KIT gene expressions were significantly higher in V600K tumors than in V600E tumors, concurrent with significant downregulation of several KIT-targeting microRNAs (mir) including mir-222 in V600K tumors, suggesting KIT and mir-222 might be key genomic contributors toward the clinical differences observed. The relationship that we uncovered among KIT/c-Kit expression, mir-222 expression, and growth and prosurvival signals in V600 tumors is intriguing. We believe that the observed clinical aggressiveness of V600K tumors compared to V600E tumors may be attributable to the increased energy metabolism, protein translation and prosurvival signals compared with V600E tumors. If confirmed using larger numbers of V600K tumors, our results may prove useful for designing clinical management and targeted chemotherapeutical interventions for BRAF V600K-positive melanomas. Finally, the small sample size in V600K tumors is a major limitation of our study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Rodríguez-Cerdeira C, Molares-Vila A, Carnero-Gregorio M, Corbalán-Rivas A. Recent advances in melanoma research via "omics" platforms. J Proteomics 2017; 188:152-166. [PMID: 29138111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma has a high mortality rate and metastatic melanoma is highly resistant to conventional therapies. "Omics" fields such as proteomics and microRNA and exosome studies have provided new knowledge to complement the information generated by genomic studies. This work aimed to review the current status of biomarker discovery for melanoma through multi-"omics" platforms. A few sets of novel microRNAs and proteins are described, some of them with important implications in suppressing melanoma at different stages. Upregulation of genes involved in angiogenesis, immunosuppressive factors, modification of stroma, capture of melanoma cells in lymph nodes and factors responsible for tumour cell recruitment have been identified in exosomes, among molecules with other functions. A remarkable series of proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal/mesenchymal-epithelial transitions, inflammation, motility, proliferation and progression processes, centrosome amplification, aneuploidy, inhibition of CD8+ effector T-cells, and metastasis in general were identified. Genomic and protein-protein interactions or metabolome levels were not analysed. Proteomics tools such as Orbitrap shotgun mass spectrometry or deep mining proteomic analysis utilizing high-resolution reversed phase nanoseparation in combination with mass spectrometry are also discussed. The application of these tools together with bioinformatics approaches applied to the clinical setting will enable the implementation of personalized medicine in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rodríguez-Cerdeira
- Efficiency, Quality and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain; Dermatology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Alberto Molares-Vila
- Efficiency, Quality and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain; Department of Analytical & Food Chemistry, Universidade de Vigo (UVIGO), Spain
| | - Miguel Carnero-Gregorio
- Efficiency, Quality and Costs in Health Services Research Group (EFISALUD), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics & Immunology, Universidade de Vigo (UVIGO), Spain
| | - Alberte Corbalán-Rivas
- Nursery Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, A Coruña, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Wu F, Cui L. Resveratrol suppresses melanoma by inhibiting NF-κB/miR-221 and inducing TFG expression. Arch Dermatol Res 2017; 309:823-831. [PMID: 28936555 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-017-1784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (Res) is a natural compound with anti-cancer effects. The goal of this study is to evaluate the suppression of Res in melanoma and investigate its relationship with miRNAs during this process. The in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer abilities of Res were evaluated using cellular assays and animal model. Two melanoma cell lines (A375 and MV3) were used for both in vitro assay and in vivo experiments. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the changes in gene expressions and protein levels. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and bioinformatic tools were used to further confirm the protein binding and activation of targeted genes. In vitro experiments showed Res significantly decreased the expression of miR-221, an oncogenic microRNA, which was confirmed by the overexpression of miR-221 with or without Res treatment. Mechanistically, we showed that the inhibition of miR-221 by Res was achieved by regulating NF-κB (RELA) activity. In the meantime, we also identified that TFG, a tumor suppressor gene, was a target of miR-221. Finally, using in vivo melanoma model, we confirmed the tumor suppressive effects of Res and our in vitro regulatory network. Res displayed a significant anti-tumor effect on melanoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. The cellular mechanism under this effect involves miRNA regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China.
| | - Liying Cui
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Gui B, Hsieh CL, Kantoff PW, Kibel AS, Jia L. Androgen receptor-mediated downregulation of microRNA-221 and -222 in castration-resistant prostate cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184166. [PMID: 28886115 PMCID: PMC5590894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in cancer formation and progression by suppressing the production of key functional proteins at the post-transcriptional level in a sequence-specific manner. While differential expression of miRNAs is widely observed in cancers including prostate cancer (PCa), how these miRNAs are transcriptionally regulated is largely unknown. MiRNA-221 and miRNA-222 (miR-221/-222) are well-established oncogenes and overexpressed in breast, liver, pancreas, and lung cancer, but their expression and biological functions in PCa remain controversial. Both up and down regulation have been observed in patient samples. Specifically, studies have demonstrated miR-221/-222 function as oncogenes, and promote PCa cell proliferation and the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the expression level of miR-221/-222 is downregulated in several miRNA expression profiling studies. In this study, we demonstrate miR-221/-222 are androgen receptor (AR)-repressed genes and reside in a long primary transcript (pri-miRNA). Derepression of miR-221/-222 after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may enhance PCa cell proliferation potential through promoting G1/S phase transition. This function is likely transient but important in the development of CRPC. Downregulation of miR-221/-222 subsequently occurs once AR activity is restored through AR overexpression in CRPC. Our findings shed light on the complexity of transcriptional regulation of miRNAs in PCa and suggest context-dependent targeting of oncogenic miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Gui
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chen-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Philip W. Kantoff
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Adam S. Kibel
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Li Jia
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small 19-22 nucleotide long, noncoding, single-stranded, and multifunctional RNAs that regulate a diverse assortment of gene and protein functions that impact on a vast network of pathways. Lin-4, a noncoding transcript discovered in 1993 and named miRNA, initiated the exploration of research into these intriguing molecules identified in almost all organisms. miRNAs interfere with translation or posttranscriptional regulation of their target gene and regulate multiple biological actions exerted by these target genes. In cancer, they function as both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes displaying differential activity in various cellular contexts. Although the role of miRNAs on target gene functions has been extensively investigated, less is currently known about the upstream regulatory molecules that regulate miRNAs. This chapter focuses on the factors and processes involved in miRNA regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjan K Pradhan
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luni Emdad
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Lin KY, Chen CM, Lu CY, Cheng CY, Wu YH. Regulation of miR-21 expression in human melanoma via UV-ray-induced melanin pigmentation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:2064-2069. [PMID: 28398611 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive environmental ultraviolet (UV) radiation produces genetic mutations that can lead to skin cancer. This study was designed to assess the potential inhibitory activity of microRNA-21 (miR-21) on the UV irradiation-stimulated melanogenesis signal pathway in melanoma cells. The molecular mechanism of miR-21-induced inhibitory activity on UV-ray-stimulated melanogenesis-regulating proteins was examined in A375.S2 human melanoma and B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. UV irradiation for 30 min induced melanogenesis signal pathway by increasing melanin production and the number of A375.S2 cells. Similarly, UV radiation increased the expression of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) protein and decreased the melanogenesis-regulating signal, such as EGFR and Akt phosphorylation. Notably, miR-21 overexpression in UV-ray-stimulated A375.S2 cells decreased α-MSH expression and increased EGFR and Akt phosphorylation levels. Furthermore, miR-21 on UV-ray- induced melanogenesis was down-regulated by the Akt inhibitor and the EGFR inhibitor (Gefitinib). Results suggest that the suppressive activity of miR-21 on UV-ray-stimulated melanogenesis may involve the down-regulation of α-MSH and the activation in both of EGFR and Akt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yu Lin
- Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 40601, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 40601, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Min Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50094, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-You Lu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, 40601, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yuan Cheng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 50094, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Wu
- Dermatology, Feng Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, 42055, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Chen L, Cao Y, Rong D, Wang Y, Cao Y. MicroRNA-605 functions as a tumor suppressor by targeting INPP4B in melanoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1276-1286. [PMID: 28656250 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of various cancers, including melanoma. Recently, the genetic variants and deregulation of miR-605 have been reported to participate in carcinogenesis. However, the expression status of the miR-605 in melanoma tissues and its role in melanoma progression remain unknown. In this study, we found that miR-605 was significantly downregulated in melanoma cell lines and clinical specimens. Further function studies demonstrated that miR-605 suppressed melanoma cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, INPP4B gene was identified as a target of miR-605 through bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays. Further analysis demonstrated that the inhibition of INPP4B mediated SGK3 activation was required for the suppressive role of miR-605 on melanomas cell growth. Collectively, our data suggest that miR-605 functions as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating INPP4B mediated SGK3 activation in melanoma and may present a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Yunyan, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yaxuan Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Yunyan, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Dongyun Rong
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Yunyan, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Yunyan, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University, Yunyan, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Fogli S, Polini B, Carpi S, Pardini B, Naccarati A, Dubbini N, Lanza M, Breschi MC, Romanini A, Nieri P. Identification of plasma microRNAs as new potential biomarkers with high diagnostic power in human cutaneous melanoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317701646. [PMID: 28466785 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317701646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a devastating disease with few therapeutic options in the advanced stage and with the urgent need of reliable biomarkers for early detection. In this context, circulating microRNAs are raising great interest as diagnostic biomarkers. We analyzed the expression profiles of 21 selected microRNAs in plasma samples from melanoma patients and healthy donors to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers. Data analysis was performed using global mean normalization and NormFinder algorithm. Linear regression followed by receiver operating characteristic analyses was carried out to evaluate whether selected plasma miRNAs were able to discriminate between cases and controls. We found five microRNAs that were differently expressed among cases and controls after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Specifically, miR-15b-5p, miR-149-3p, and miR-150-5p were up-regulated in plasma of melanoma patients compared with healthy controls, while miR-193a-3p and miR-524-5p were down-regulated. Receiver operating characteristic analyses of these selected microRNAs provided area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values ranging from 0.80 to 0.95. Diagnostic value of microRNAs is improved when considering the combination of miR-149-3p, miR-150-5p, and miR-193a-3p. The triple classifier had a high capacity to discriminate between melanoma patients and healthy controls, making it suitable to be used in early melanoma diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fogli
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Sara Carpi
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Nevio Dubbini
- 3 Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Lanza
- 3 Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Nieri
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Niu J, Chu Y, Huang YF, Chong YS, Jiang ZH, Mao ZW, Peng LH, Gao JQ. Transdermal Gene Delivery by Functional Peptide-Conjugated Cationic Gold Nanoparticle Reverses the Progression and Metastasis of Cutaneous Melanoma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:9388-9401. [PMID: 28252938 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Permeability barrier imposed by stratum corneum makes an extreme challenge for the topical delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA), which is widely used in gene therapy. Existing techniques to overcome the skin barrier for bio-macromolecules delivery rely on sophisticated mechanical devices. It is still a big challenge to treat the skin cancer, for example, melanoma, that initiates in the dermal layer by topical gene therapy. To facilitate the skin penetration of pDNA deeply into the melanoma tissues, we here present a cell-penetrating peptide and cationic poly(ethyleneimine) conjugated gold nanoparticle (AuPT) that can compact the pDNAs into cationic nanocomplexes and penetrate through the intact stratum corneum without any additional enhancement used. Moreover, the AuPT is highly efficient in stimulating the intracellular uptake and nuclear targeting of the pDNAs in cells, which guarantees the effective transfection. This study provides evidence that penetrating peptide conjugated cationic gold nanoparticle offers a promising vehicle for both the skin penetration and transfection of pDNAs, possessing great potential in topical gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Niu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Fen Huang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yee-Song Chong
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Wei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hua Peng
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Qing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
|
69
|
Fornari F, Pollutri D, Patrizi C, La Bella T, Marinelli S, Casadei Gardini A, Marisi G, Baron Toaldo M, Baglioni M, Salvatore V, Callegari E, Baldassarre M, Galassi M, Giovannini C, Cescon M, Ravaioli M, Negrini M, Bolondi L, Gramantieri L. In Hepatocellular Carcinoma miR-221 Modulates Sorafenib Resistance through Inhibition of Caspase-3-Mediated Apoptosis. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3953-3965. [PMID: 28096271 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The aberrant expression of miR-221 is a hallmark of human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its involvement in drug resistance, together with a proved in vivo efficacy of anti-miR-221 molecules, strengthen its role as an attractive target candidate in the oncologic field. The discovery of biomarkers predicting the response to treatments represents a clinical challenge in the personalized treatment era. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of miR-221 as a circulating biomarker in HCC patients undergoing sorafenib treatment as well as to evaluate its contribution to sorafenib resistance in advanced HCC.Experimental Design: A chemically induced HCC rat model and a xenograft mouse model, together with HCC-derived cell lines were employed to analyze miR-221 modulation by Sorafenib treatment. Data from the functional analysis were validated in tissue samples from surgically resected HCCs. The variation of circulating miR-221 levels in relation to Sorafenib treatment were assayed in the animal models and in two independent cohorts of patients with advanced HCC.Results: MiR-221 over-expression was associated with Sorafenib resistance in two HCC animal models and caspase-3 was identified as its target gene, driving miR-221 anti-apoptotic activity following Sorafenib administration. Lower pre-treatment miR-221 serum levels were found in patients subsequently experiencing response to Sorafenib and an increase of circulating miR-221 at the two months assessment was observed in responder patients.Conclusions: MiR-221 might represent a candidate biomarker of likelihood of response to Sorafenib in HCC patients to be tested in future studies. Caspase-3 modulation by miR-221 participates to Sorafenib resistance. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3953-65. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fornari
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy. .,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Pollutri
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Clarissa Patrizi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tiziana La Bella
- INSERM, UMR-1162, Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, Paris, France
| | - Sara Marinelli
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Casadei Gardini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giorgia Marisi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Marco Baron Toaldo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Baglioni
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Salvatore
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Callegari
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Baldassarre
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marzia Galassi
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Catia Giovannini
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Cescon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, General and Transplant Surgery Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Ravaioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, General and Transplant Surgery Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Ferrara University, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Bolondi
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Gramantieri
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Pradhan AK, Talukdar S, Bhoopathi P, Shen XN, Emdad L, Das SK, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. mda-7/IL-24 Mediates Cancer Cell-Specific Death via Regulation of miR-221 and the Beclin-1 Axis. Cancer Res 2016; 77:949-959. [PMID: 27940575 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/IL-24 (mda-7/IL-24) displays broad-spectrum anticancer activity in vitro, in vivo in preclinical animal models, and in a phase I/II clinical trial in patients with advanced cancers without harming normal cells or tissues. Here we demonstrate that mda-7/IL-24 regulates a specific subset of miRNAs, including cancer-associated miR-221. Either ectopic expression of mda-7/IL-24 or treatment with recombinant His-MDA-7 protein resulted in downregulation of miR-221 and upregulation of p27 and PUMA in a panel of cancer cells, culminating in cell death. Mda-7/IL-24-induced cancer cell death was dependent on reactive oxygen species induction and was rescued by overexpression of miR-221. Beclin-1 was identified as a new transcriptional target of miR-221, and mda-7/IL-24 regulated autophagy through a miR-221/beclin-1 feedback loop. In a human breast cancer xenograft model, miR-221-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 clones were more aggressive and resistant to mda-7/IL-24-mediated cell death than parental clones. This is the first demonstration that mda-7/IL-24 directly regulates miRNA expression in cancer cells and highlights the novelty of the mda-7/IL-24-miR-221-beclin-1 loop in mediating cancer cell-specific death. Cancer Res; 77(4); 949-59. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjan K Pradhan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sarmistha Talukdar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Praveen Bhoopathi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Xue-Ning Shen
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia. .,VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Shi J, Fu H, Jia Z, He K, Fu L, Wang W. High Expression of CPT1A Predicts Adverse Outcomes: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. EBioMedicine 2016; 14:55-64. [PMID: 27916548 PMCID: PMC5161445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) protein catalyzes the rate-limiting step of Fatty-acid oxidation (FAO) pathway, which can promote cell proliferation and suppress apoptosis. Targeting CPT1A has shown remarkable anti-leukemia activity. But, its prognostic value remains unclear in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). In two independent cohorts of cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) patients, compared to low expression of CPT1A (CPT1Alow), high expression of CPT1A (CPT1Ahigh) was significantly associated with adverse outcomes, which was also shown in European Leukemia Network (ELN) Intermediate-I category. Multivariable analyses adjusting for known factors confirmed CPT1Ahigh as a high risk factor. Significant associations between CPT1Ahigh and adverse outcomes were further validated whether for all AML patients (OS: P = 0.008; EFS: P = 0.002, n = 334, no M3) or for National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Intermediate-Risk subgroup (OS: P = 0.021, EFS: P = 0.024, n = 173). Multiple omics analysis revealed aberrant alterations of genomics and epigenetics were significantly associated with CPT1A expression, including up- and down-regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressor, activation and inhibition of leukemic (AML, CML) and immune activation pathways, hypermethylation enrichments on CpG island and gene promoter regions. Combined with the previously reported anti-leukemia activity of CPT1A's inhibitor, our results proved CPT1A as a potential prognosticator and therapeutic target for AML. High expression of CPT1A is an adverse prognostic biomarker in AML. Aberrant alterations of genomic and epigenomic patterns are significantly associated with CPT1A expression.
Identification of prognostic biomarkers is essential for therapeutic choice of AML. This study represents direct evidences that high expression of CPT1A is significantly associated with poor outcomes and abnormal genomic and epigenomic patterns in AML patients. CPT1A is an important catalyzer for fatty-acid oxidation pathway, which may provide alternative carbon source for leukemia proliferation. Findings of this study may indicate the significance of fat metabolism in leukemogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine (Chinese PLA General Hospital), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huaping Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhilong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine (Chinese PLA General Hospital), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlun He
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine (Chinese PLA General Hospital), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Hematology and Lymphoma Research Center, Peking University, Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Weidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Translational Medicine (Chinese PLA General Hospital), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Andrews MC, Cursons J, Hurley DG, Anaka M, Cebon JS, Behren A, Crampin EJ. Systems analysis identifies miR-29b regulation of invasiveness in melanoma. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:72. [PMID: 27852308 PMCID: PMC5112703 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In many cancers, microRNAs (miRs) contribute to metastatic progression by modulating phenotypic reprogramming processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity. This can be driven by miRs targeting multiple mRNA transcripts, inducing regulated changes across large sets of genes. The miR-target databases TargetScan and DIANA-microT predict putative relationships by examining sequence complementarity between miRs and mRNAs. However, it remains a challenge to identify which miR-mRNA interactions are active at endogenous expression levels, and of biological consequence. Methods We developed a workflow to integrate TargetScan and DIANA-microT predictions into the analysis of data-driven associations calculated from transcript abundance (RNASeq) data, specifically the mutual information and Pearson’s correlation metrics. We use this workflow to identify putative relationships of miR-mediated mRNA repression with strong support from both lines of evidence. Applying this approach systematically to a large, published collection of unique melanoma cell lines – the Ludwig Melbourne melanoma (LM-MEL) cell line panel – we identified putative miR-mRNA interactions that may contribute to invasiveness. This guided the selection of interactions of interest for further in vitro validation studies. Results Several miR-mRNA regulatory relationships supported by TargetScan and DIANA-microT demonstrated differential activity across cell lines of varying matrigel invasiveness. Strong negative statistical associations for these putative regulatory relationships were consistent with target mRNA inhibition by the miR, and suggest that differential activity of such miR-mRNA relationships contribute to differences in melanoma invasiveness. Many of these relationships were reflected across the skin cutaneous melanoma TCGA dataset, indicating that these observations also show graded activity across clinical samples. Several of these miRs are implicated in cancer progression (miR-211, -340, -125b, −221, and -29b). The specific role for miR-29b-3p in melanoma has not been well studied. We experimentally validated the predicted miR-29b-3p regulation of LAMC1 and PPIC and LASP1, and show that dysregulation of miR-29b-3p or these mRNA targets can influence cellular invasiveness in vitro. Conclusions This analytic strategy provides a comprehensive, systems-level approach to identify miR-mRNA regulation in high-throughput cancer data, identifies novel putative interactions with functional phenotypic relevance, and can be used to direct experimental resources for subsequent experimental validation. Computational scripts are available: http://github.com/uomsystemsbiology/LMMEL-miR-miner Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-016-0554-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miles C Andrews
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Joseph Cursons
- Systems Biology Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Centre for Systems Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel G Hurley
- Systems Biology Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Centre for Systems Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew Anaka
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan S Cebon
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia. .,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia. .,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Andreas Behren
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia. .,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Cancer Immunobiology Laboratory, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia. .,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia.
| | - Edmund J Crampin
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Systems Biology Laboratory, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Centre for Systems Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Varamo C, Occelli M, Vivenza D, Merlano M, Lo Nigro C. MicroRNAs role as potential biomarkers and key regulators in melanoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2016; 56:3-10. [PMID: 27561079 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is a highly aggressive skin cancer with high incidence worldwide. It originates from melanocytes and is characterized by invasion, early metastasis and despite the use of new drugs it is still characterized by high mortality. Since an early diagnosis determines a better prognosis, it is important to explore novel prognostic markers in the management of patients with MM. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small (∼22 nucleotides) single-stranded non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate the expression of more than 60% of human genes.miRNAs alterations are involved in several cancers, including MM, where a differential expression for some of them has been reported between healthy controls and MM patients. Moreover, since miRNAs are stable and easily detectable in body fluids, they might be considered as robust candidate biomarkers useful to identify risk of MM, to diagnose an early lesion and/or an early metastatic disease. This review highlights the importance of miRNAs as risk factors, prognostic factors and their role as molecular regulator in the development and progression of MM. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Varamo
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Translational Oncology, Oncology Department, S. Croce and Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo, 12100, Italy
| | - Marcella Occelli
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Department, S. Croce and Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo, 12100, Italy
| | - Daniela Vivenza
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Translational Oncology, Oncology Department, S. Croce and Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo, 12100, Italy
| | - Marco Merlano
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Department, S. Croce and Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo, 12100, Italy
| | - Cristiana Lo Nigro
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Translational Oncology, Oncology Department, S. Croce and Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo, 12100, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Kaushik SB, Kaushik N. Non-coding RNAs in skin cancers: An update. Noncoding RNA Res 2016; 1:83-86. [PMID: 30159415 PMCID: PMC6096428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers are the most common form of cancer in humans. They can largely be categorized into Melanoma and Non-melanoma skin cancers. The latter mainly includes Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) and Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), and have a higher incidence than melanomas. There has been a recent emergence of interest in the role of non-coding RNA's in pathogenesis of skin cancers. The transcripts which lack any protein coding capacity are called non-coding RNA. These non-coding RNA are further classified based on their length; small non-coding RNA (<200 nucleotides) and long non-coding RNA (>200 nucleotides). ncRNA They are involved at multiple transcriptional, post transcriptional and epigenetic levels, modulating cell proliferation, angiogenesis, senescence and apoptosis. Their expression pattern has also been linked to metastases, drug resistance and long term prognosis. They have both diagnostic and prognostic significance for skin cancers, and can also be a target for future therapies for cutaneous malignancies. More research is needed to further utilize their potential as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani B. Kaushik
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Markowitz J, Abrams Z, Jacob NK, Zhang X, Hassani JN, Latchana N, Wei L, Regan KE, Brooks TR, Uppati SR, Levine KM, Bekaii-Saab T, Kendra KL, Lesinski GB, Howard JH, Olencki T, Payne PR, Carson WE. MicroRNA profiling of patient plasma for clinical trials using bioinformatics and biostatistical approaches. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:5931-5941. [PMID: 27729802 PMCID: PMC5047719 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s106288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that function to repress translation of mRNA transcripts and contribute to the development of cancer. We hypothesized that miRNA array-based technologies work best for miRNA profiling of patient-derived plasma samples when the techniques and patient populations are precisely defined. Methods Plasma samples were obtained from five sources: melanoma clinical trial of interferon and bortezomib (12), purchased normal donor plasma samples (four), gastrointestinal tumor bank (nine), melanoma tumor bank (ten), or aged-matched normal donors (eight) for the tumor bank samples. Plasma samples were purified for miRNAs and quantified using NanoString® arrays or by the company Exiqon. Standard biostatistical array approaches were utilized for data analysis and compared to a rank-based analytical approach. Results With the prospectively collected samples, fewer plasma samples demonstrated visible hemolysis due to increased attention to eliminating factors, such as increased pressure during phlebotomy, small gauge needles, and multiple punctures. Cancer patients enrolled in a melanoma clinical study exhibited the clearest pattern of miRNA expression as compared to normal donors in both the rank-based analytical method and standard biostatistical array approaches. For the patients from the tumor banks, fewer miRNAs (<5) were found to be differentially expressed and the false positive rate was relatively high. Conclusion In order to obtain consistent results for NanoString miRNA arrays, it is imperative that patient cohorts have similar clinical characteristics with a uniform sample preparation procedure. A clinical workflow has been optimized to collect patient samples to study plasma miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Markowitz
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL; Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Department of Oncologic Sciences, USF Morsani School of Medicine, Tampa, FL; Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Zachary Abrams
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Department of Biomedical Informatics
| | - Naduparambil K Jacob
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Department of Radiation Oncology
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Center for Biostatistics
| | - John N Hassani
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Lai Wei
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Center for Biostatistics
| | - Kelly E Regan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Department of Biomedical Informatics
| | - Taylor R Brooks
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sarvani R Uppati
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Kala M Levine
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Tanios Bekaii-Saab
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Kari L Kendra
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - J Harrison Howard
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas Olencki
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
| | - Philip R Payne
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Department of Biomedical Informatics
| | - William E Carson
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
A Meta-Path-Based Prediction Method for Human miRNA-Target Association. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:7460740. [PMID: 27703979 PMCID: PMC5040835 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7460740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that play important roles in regulating gene expressing, and the perturbed miRNAs are often associated with development and tumorigenesis as they have effects on their target mRNA. Predicting potential miRNA-target associations from multiple types of genomic data is a considerable problem in the bioinformatics research. However, most of the existing methods did not fully use the experimentally validated miRNA-mRNA interactions. Here, we developed RMLM and RMLMSe to predict the relationship between miRNAs and their targets. RMLM and RMLMSe are global approaches as they can reconstruct the missing associations for all the miRNA-target simultaneously and RMLMSe demonstrates that the integration of sequence information can improve the performance of RMLM. In RMLM, we use RM measure to evaluate different relatedness between miRNA and its target based on different meta-paths; logistic regression and MLE method are employed to estimate the weight of different meta-paths. In RMLMSe, sequence information is utilized to improve the performance of RMLM. Here, we carry on fivefold cross validation and pathway enrichment analysis to prove the performance of our methods. The fivefold experiments show that our methods have higher AUC scores compared with other methods and the integration of sequence information can improve the performance of miRNA-target association prediction.
Collapse
|
77
|
MicroRNA-15a inhibits the growth and invasiveness of malignant melanoma and directly targets on CDCA4 gene. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13941-13950. [PMID: 27492455 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs can affect behaviors of tumor cells by modulating the expression of the target genes that involve tumor growth, invasiveness, and death. The goal of this research is to examine the effects of miR-15a on the proliferation and invasiveness of malignant melanoma cells in vitro, as well as the therapeutic effect of miR-15a in a mouse melanoma model. miR-15a displayed inhibitory effects on proliferation and invasiveness of several malignant melanoma cell lines. miR-15a also caused cell cycle arrest at G1/G0 phase. miRNA 15a downregulated the expressions of CDCA4 and AKT-3 in melanoma cell lines. In vivo, experiment showed that miRNA 15a significantly retarded the growth of melanoma tumors in the mouse model. The luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR15a can suppress gene expression through the binding site in the 3 'UTR of CACD4, which is a bona fide target of miRNA 15a. In conclusion, miRNA 15a suppressed the growth and invasiveness of melanoma cells, suggesting that miRNA 15a may represent a viable microRNA-based therapy against melanoma.
Collapse
|
78
|
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor suppresses invasion by reducing intracellular GTP pools. Oncogene 2016; 36:84-96. [PMID: 27181209 PMCID: PMC5112150 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma progression is associated with increased invasion and, often, decreased levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Accordingly, downregulation of MITF induces invasion in melanoma cells, however little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here, we report for the first time that depletion of MITF results in elevation of intracellular GTP levels and increased amounts of active (GTP-bound) RAC1, RHO-A and RHO-C. Concomitantly, MITF-depleted cells display larger number of invadopodia and increased invasion. We further demonstrate that the gene for guanosine monophosphate reductase (GMPR) is a direct MITF target, and that the partial repression of GMPR accounts mostly for the above phenotypes in MITF-depleted cells. Reciprocally, transactivation of GMPR is required for MITF-dependent suppression of melanoma cell invasion, tumorigenicity, and lung colonization. Moreover, loss of GMPR accompanies downregulation of MITF in vemurafenib-resistant BRAFV600E-melanoma cells and underlies the increased invasion in these cells. Our data uncover novel mechanisms linking MITF-dependent inhibition of invasion to suppression of guanylate metabolism.
Collapse
|
79
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Over the last years, our understanding in molecular biology of melanoma has grown significantly and many genetic alterations have been identified affecting melanoma pathogenesis. This growing evidence has led to the development of targeted therapies which are showing promising clinical results. In addition to genetic alterations, an increasing number of studies have recently demonstrated the role of epigenetics in melanoma development and progression. Here, we summarize the current data on epigenetic research in melanoma. RECENT FINDINGS MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiling studies have identified several miRNAs implicated in melanoma cell cycle and proliferation, cell migration and invasion, as well as miRNAs involved in apoptosis and immune response. Abnormal methylation profiling has been associated with melanoma progression and to date aberrant hypermethylation in more than 70 genes has been described. Recent works have highlighted the increasing evidence of the role of histone modification as a central regulatory event in melanoma pathogenesis. SUMMARY Many of these epigenetic biomarkers may have potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications. Future approach might be using a combination of genetic and epigenetic biomarkers.
Collapse
|
80
|
Jiang T, Wang X, Wu W, Zhang F, Wu S. Let-7c miRNA Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Heat-Denatured Dermal Fibroblasts Through Down-Regulating HSP70. Mol Cells 2016; 39:345-51. [PMID: 26923191 PMCID: PMC4844942 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex physiological process necessitating the coordinated action of various cell types, signals and microRNAs (miRNAs). However, little is known regarding the role of miRNAs in mediating this process. In the present study, we show that let-7c miRNA is decreased in heat-denatured fibroblasts and that inhibiting let-7c expression leads to the increased proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts, whereas the overexpression of let-7c exerts an opposite effect. Further investigation has identified heat shock protein 70 as a direct target of let-7c and has demonstrated that the expression of HSP70 in fibroblasts is negatively correlated with let-7c levels. Moreover, down-regulation of let-7c expression is accompanied by up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and down-regulation of Bax expression, both of which are the downstream genes of HSP70. Notably, the knockdown of HSP70 by HSP70 siRNA apparently abrogates the stimulatory effect of let-7c inhibitor on heat-denatured fibroblasts proliferation and migration. Overall, we have identified let-7c as a key regulator that inhibits fibroblasts proliferation and migration during wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033,
China
| | - Xingang Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033,
China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Department of Burns Surgery, the First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021,
China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center of Tuberculous Meningitis, Changchun City Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Changchun 130123,
China
| | - Shifeng Wu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033,
China
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Errico MC, Jin K, Sukumar S, Carè A. The Widening Sphere of Influence of HOXB7 in Solid Tumors. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2857-62. [PMID: 27197229 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Strong lines of evidence have established a critical role for the homeodomain protein HOXB7 in cancer. Specifically, molecular and cellular studies have demonstrated that HOXB7 is a master regulatory gene, capable of orchestrating a variety of target molecules, resulting in the activation of several oncogenic pathways. HOXB7 overexpression correlates with clinical progression and poor outcome of cancer patients. Specific inhibition of HOXB7 is particularly relevant in cancers still lacking effective therapies, such as tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer and melanoma. Mechanistic studies are providing additional targets of therapy, and biomarker studies are further establishing its importance in early diagnosis and prognosis. Cancer Res; 76(10); 2857-62. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Errico
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Kideok Jin
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Saraswati Sukumar
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Alessandra Carè
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Zhang P, Huang C, Fu C, Tian Y, Hu Y, Wang B, Strasner A, Song Y, Song E. Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) suppressed HMGA2, Twist1 and ZEB1-dependent melanoma invasion and metastasis by targeting miR-33b. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9834-53. [PMID: 25868853 PMCID: PMC4496401 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma, the most deadly form of skin cancer, has a high propensity for metastatic spread and is notoriously chemotherapy-resistant. Cordycepin, the active component of Cordyceps spp., has been identified to have anti-metastatic effect on tumor progression and thus possesses pharmacological and therapeutic potentials. However, the mechanisms of anti-metastatic effects of cordycepin at cellular levels remain elusive. We analyzed the effect of cordycepin on human melanoma miRNA expression profiles by miRNAarray and found that miR-33b was upregulated in highly-metastatic melanoma cell lines following cordycepin exposure. Cordycepin-mediated miR-33b expression was dependent on LXR-RXR heterodimer activation. miR-33b directly binds to HMGA2, Twist1 and ZEB1 3'-UTR to suppress their expression. The negative correlations between miR-33b levels and HMGA2, Twist1 or ZEB1 expression were detected in 72 patient melanoma tissue samples. By targeting HMGA2 and Twist1, miR-33b attenuated melanoma migration and invasiveness upon cordycepin exposure. miR-33b knockdown or ZEB1 overexpression reverted cordycepin-mediated mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), triggering the expression of N-cadherin. In spontaneous metastasis models, cordycepin suppressed tumor metastasis without altering primary tumor growth. We showed for the first time that targeting miRNA by cordycepin indicates a new mechanism of cordycepin-induced suppression of tumor metastasis and miR-33b/HMGA2/Twist1/ZEB1 axis plays critical roles in regulating melanoma dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.,Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Changjin Huang
- Institute of Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Changliang Fu
- Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Yang Tian
- Institute of Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yijuan Hu
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bochu Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Amy Strasner
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Hu D, Peng X, Liu Y, Zhang W, Peng X, Tang H, Yuan J, Zhu Z, Yang J. Overexpression of miR-221 in peripheral blood lymphocytes in petrol station attendants: A population based cross-sectional study in southern China. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 149:8-13. [PMID: 26841344 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Benzene is a recognized environmental leukemogen, however, the mechanisms for its carcinogenesis have not been fully elucidated. Recently, miR-221, a suggested oncogene involved in a number of malignancies, has been detected with elevated expression levels in blood cells of patients with leukemia. To explore whether benzene exposure has an effect on the expression of miR-221, a population based cross-sectional study was conducted in southern China, with 97 petrol station attendants as the exposure group and 103 general residents as the control group. Plasma benzene was analyzed by using GC∖MS. miR-221 in peripheral blood lymphocytes were measured by qRT-PCR and the ΔCt value for each sample was calculated by normalizing the Ct value for miR-221 with U6 RNA (i.e., ΔCt = CtmiR-221 - CtU6). Potential confounding factors were taken into account. Pearson correlation, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed in statistical analysis. The results showed that the air concentrations of benzene were significantly higher in petrol stations than in control sites (P < 0.05); The levels of benzene and miR-221 in exposure group were both significantly higher than in control group (P < 0.05) and there was a significant positive correlation between the two indexes (r = 0.851, P < 0.05); An association between benzene levels and the ΔCt values for miR-221 was identified by univariate and multivariate logistic analysis (OR 0.274; 95%CI 0.117, 0.396). Our investigation indicates that benzene exposure may be related to elevated miR-221 expression in human lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalin Hu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Xiaowu Peng
- Department of Environment and Health, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, 7 S. East Yuancun Road, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yungang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaochun Peng
- Department of Environment and Health, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, 7 S. East Yuancun Road, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, 1 S. Xincheng Road, Science Park of Songshanhu Lake, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jianhui Yuan
- Department of Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 S. Longyuan Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health, Baoan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 116 S. Longjing Road, Shenzhen 518101, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, Baoan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 116 S. Longjing Road, Shenzhen 518101, China
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Felicetti F, De Feo A, Coscia C, Puglisi R, Pedini F, Pasquini L, Bellenghi M, Errico MC, Pagani E, Carè A. Exosome-mediated transfer of miR-222 is sufficient to increase tumor malignancy in melanoma. J Transl Med 2016; 14:56. [PMID: 26912358 PMCID: PMC4765208 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Growing evidence is showing that metastatic cell populations are able to transfer their characteristics to less malignant cells. Exosomes (EXOs) are membrane vesicles of endocytic origin able to convey their cargo of mRNAs, microRNAs (miRs), proteins and lipids from donors to proximal as well as distant acceptor cells. Our previous results indicated that miR-221&222 are key factors for melanoma development and dissemination. The aim of this study was to verify whether the tumorigenic properties associated with miR-222 overexpression can be also propagated by miR-222-containing EXOs. Methods EXOs were isolated by UltraCentrifugation or Exoquick-TC® methods. Preparations of melanoma-derived vesicles were characterized by using the Nanosight™ technology and the expression of exosome markers analyzed by western blot. The expression levels of endogenous and exosomal miRNAs were examined by real time PCR. Confocal microscopy was used to evaluate transfer and uptake of microvesicles from donor to recipient cells. The functional significance of exosomal miR-222 was estimated by analyzing the vessel-like process formation, as well as cell cycle rates, invasive and chemotactic capabilities. Results Besides microvesicle marker characterization, we evidenced that miR-222 exosomal expression mostly reflected its abundance in the cells of origin, correctly paralleled by repression of its target genes, such as p27Kip1, and induction of the PI3K/AKT pathway, thus confirming its functional implication in cancer. The possible differential significance of PI3K/AKT blockade was assessed by using the BKM120 inhibitor in miR-222-transduced cell lines. In addition, in vitro cultures showed that vesicles released by miR-222-overexpressing cells were able to transfer miR-222-dependent malignancy when taken-up by recipient primary melanomas. Results were confirmed by antagomiR-221&222 treatments and by functional observations after internalization of EXOs devoid of these miRs. Conclusion All together these data, besides generally confirming the role of miR-222 in melanoma tumorigenesis, supported its responsibility in the exosome-associated melanoma properties, thus further indicating this miR as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and its abrogation as a future therapeutic option. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0811-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Felicetti
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra De Feo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Carolina Coscia
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rossella Puglisi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Pedini
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Bellenghi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Errico
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elena Pagani
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico DELL'IMMACOLATA-IRCCS, 00167, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Carè
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Yan H, Chen Y, Zhou S, Li C, Gong G, Chen X, Wang T, Chen S, Sha Z. Expression Profile Analysis of miR-221 and miR-222 in Different Tissues and Head Kidney Cells of Cynoglossus semilaevis, Following Pathogen Infection. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 18:37-48. [PMID: 26420296 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-015-9668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is an important marine commercial fish species in China, which suffers from widespread disease outbreaks. Recently, in this regard, our group identified immune-related microRNAs (miRNAs) of C. semilaevis following Vibrio anguillarum infection. Furthermore, miRNA microarray was utilized to characterize the immune roles of important miRNA candidates in response to bacterial infection. Therefore, in the present study, we characterized miR-221 and miR-222 and profiled their expression after challenge. Here, miR-221 and miR-222 precursors were predicted to have a typical hairpin structure. Both miRNAs were expressed in a broad range of tissues in C. semilaevis, while miR-221 and miR-222 were significantly differentially expressed in the immune tissues of C. semilaevis among three small RNA libraries [control group (CG), bacteria-challenged fish without obvious symptoms of infection (NOSG), and bacteria-challenged fish with obvious symptoms of infection (HOSG)]. In order to further characterize and understand the immune response of miR-221 and miR-222, therefore, we profiled miR-221 and miR-222 expression in selected immune tissues after challenge with V. anguillarum. Both miR-221 and miR-222 were upregulated in the liver and spleen, while different expression patterns were observed in the head kidney. In addition, in half-smooth tongue sole head kidney cell line after challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), peptidoglycan (PGN), and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), both miR-221 and miR-222 showed significant difference in expression response to pathogen. Meanwhile, the target gene of miR-221 and miR-222 was predicted, which indicated that tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were the target genes of miR-221 and miR-222, respectively. Collectively, these findings indicated that miR-221 and miR-222 have putative roles in innate immune response during C. semilaevis exposure to pathogens. Our findings could expand the knowledge of immune function of C. semilaevis miRNA and guide future studies on C. semilaevis immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yan
- Key Lab for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Chen
- Key Lab for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangye Gong
- Key Lab for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejie Chen
- Key Lab for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianzi Wang
- Key Lab for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Key Lab for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxia Sha
- Key Lab for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Liu TM, Lee EH, Lim B, Shyh-Chang N. Concise Review: Balancing Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Differentiation with PLZF. Stem Cells 2016; 34:277-87. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Ming Liu
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Eng Hin Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; National University of Singapore; Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP); National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Bing Lim
- Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology; Genome Institute of Singapore; Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Mirzaei H, Gholamin S, Shahidsales S, Sahebkar A, Jaafari MR, Mirzaei HR, Hassanian SM, Avan A. MicroRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in melanoma. Eur J Cancer 2015; 53:25-32. [PMID: 26693896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a life-threatening malignancy with poor prognosis and a relatively high burden of mortality in advanced stages. The efficacy of current available therapeutic strategies is limited, with a survival rate of less than 10%. Despite rapid advances in biomarker-guided drug development in different tumour types, including melanoma, only a very small number of biomarkers have been identified. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a molecular regulator in the development and progression of melanoma. Aberrant activation of some known miRNAs, e.g. let-7a and b, miR-148, miR-155, miR-182, miR-200c, miR-211, miR-214, miR-221 and 222, has been recognised to be linked with melanoma-associated genes such as NRAS, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, receptor tyrosine kinase c-KIT, AP-2 transcription factor, etc. There is accumulating evidence suggesting the potential impact of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic markers in diseases. In addition, miRNAs have turned out to play important roles in drug-resistance mechanisms; suggesting their modulation as a potential approach to overcome chemoresistance. This review highlights recent preclinical and clinical studies on circulating miRNAs and their potential role as diagnosis, and therapeutic targets in melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sharareh Gholamin
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Soodabeh Shahidsales
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Naito M, Vongsa S, Tsukune N, Ohashi A, Takahashi T. Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger mediates glucocorticoid-induced cell cycle arrest in the chondroprogenitor cell line ATDC5. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 417:114-23. [PMID: 26419928 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) affect the proliferation of growth plate chondrocytes. In this study, we investigated the role of the GC-inducible promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) gene in chondrocyte differentiation by using the chondrogenic cell line ATDC5. PLZF overexpression suppressed cell cycle progression (p < 0.01) and promoted differentiation into hypertrophic chondrocytes by inducing mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.01), and the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21 (p < 0.01). In contrast, PLZF knockdown impaired differentiation into hypertrophic chondrocytes and promoted cell cycle progression (p < 0.01). Treatment with the GC analogue dexamethasone (10(-6) M) suppressed cell cycle progression in ATDC5 cells. PLZF shRNA attenuated dexamethasone-induced cell cycle arrest (p < 0.01) by downregulating the mRNA expression of the CDK inhibitors p21 and p57 (p < 0.01). These results clearly indicated that PLZF promoted differentiation into hypertrophic chondrocytes and mediated dexamethasone-induced cell cycle arrest by regulating CDK inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masako Naito
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Souksavanh Vongsa
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Tsukune
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Ohashi
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomihisa Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Abstract
Melanoma, one of the most virulent forms of human malignancy, is the primary cause of mortality from cancers arising from the skin. The prognosis of metastatic melanoma remains dismal despite targeted therapeutic regimens that exploit our growing understanding of cancer immunology and genetic mutations that drive oncogenic cell signaling pathways in cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation/demethylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNAs recently have been shown to play critical roles in melanoma pathogenesis. Current evidence indicates that imbalance of DNA methylation and demethylation, dysregulation of histone modification and chromatin remodeling, and altered translational control by noncoding RNAs contribute to melanoma tumorigenesis. Here, we summarize the most recent insights relating to epigenetic markers, focusing on diagnostic potential as well as novel therapeutic approaches for more effective treatment of advanced melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Guo
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave. EBRC 401, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave. EBRC 401, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan J Lee
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave. EBRC 401, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George F Murphy
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave. EBRC 401, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christine G Lian
- Program in Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave. EBRC 401, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Cell-to-cell propagation of the bacterial toxin CNF1 via extracellular vesicles: potential impact on the therapeutic use of the toxin. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:4610-21. [PMID: 26556375 PMCID: PMC4663523 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7114610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), either constitutively or in a regulated manner, which represent an important mode of intercellular communication. EVs serve as vehicles for transfer between cells of membrane and cytosolic proteins, lipids and RNA. Furthermore, certain bacterial protein toxins, or possibly their derived messages, can be transferred cell to cell via EVs. We have herein demonstrated that eukaryotic EVs represent an additional route of cell-to-cell propagation for the Escherichia coli protein toxin cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1). Our results prove that EVs from CNF1 pre-infected epithelial cells can induce cytoskeleton changes, Rac1 and NF-κB activation comparable to that triggered by CNF1. The observation that the toxin is detectable inside EVs derived from CNF1-intoxicated cells strongly supports the hypothesis that extracellular vesicles can offer to the toxin a novel route to travel from cell to cell. Since anthrax and tetanus toxins have also been reported to engage in the same process, we can hypothesize that EVs represent a common mechanism exploited by bacterial toxins to enhance their pathogenicity.
Collapse
|
91
|
Silencing the double-stranded RNA binding protein DGCR8 inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Pharm Res 2015; 32:769-78. [PMID: 25823356 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of DiGeorge Critical Region 8 (DGCR8), a key component of miRNA biogenesis pathway in ovarian cancer. METHODS The expression of DGCR8 in ovarian cancer was detected by immunostaining and DGCR8 knockdown in ovarian cancer cells was achieved using lentiviral shRNA. Differential expression of miRNAs was determined using Nanostring miRNA arrays and validated by real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS DGCR8 was highly expressed in ovarian cancer. Knockdown of DGCR8 expression inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as sensitizes cells to apoptosis induced by the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin. Cellular survival pathways including ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT were attenuated in DGCR8 knockdown cells. DGCR8 knockdown results in dysregulated miRNA gene expression. miR-27b was identified as the most highly down-regulated miRNA in DGCR8 knockdown cells and promoted cell proliferation in ovarian cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS DGCR8 functions as an oncogene in ovarian cancer, which is in part mediated by miR-27b.
Collapse
|
92
|
Rambow F, Job B, Petit V, Gesbert F, Delmas V, Seberg H, Meurice G, Van Otterloo E, Dessen P, Robert C, Gautheret D, Cornell RA, Sarasin A, Larue L. New Functional Signatures for Understanding Melanoma Biology from Tumor Cell Lineage-Specific Analysis. Cell Rep 2015; 13:840-853. [PMID: 26489459 PMCID: PMC5970542 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular signatures specific to particular tumor types are required to design treatments for resistant tumors. However, it remains unclear whether tumors and corresponding cell lines used for drug development share such signatures. We developed similarity core analysis (SCA), a universal and unsupervised computational framework for extracting core molecular features common to tumors and cell lines. We applied SCA to mRNA/miRNA expression data from various sources, comparing melanoma cell lines and metastases. The signature obtained was associated with phenotypic characteristics in vitro, and the core genes CAPN3 and TRIM63 were implicated in melanoma cell migration/invasion. About 90% of the melanoma signature genes belong to an intrinsic network of transcription factors governing neural development (TFAP2A, DLX2, ALX1, MITF, PAX3, SOX10, LEF1, and GAS7) and miRNAs (211-5p, 221-3p, and 10a-5p). The SCA signature effectively discriminated between two subpopulations of melanoma patients differing in overall survival, and classified MEKi/BRAFi-resistant and -sensitive melanoma cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rambow
- Institut Curie, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, 91405 Orsay, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR3347, 91405 Orsay, France; INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France; Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Bastien Job
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, UMS AMMICA, Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Valérie Petit
- Institut Curie, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, 91405 Orsay, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR3347, 91405 Orsay, France; INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France; Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Franck Gesbert
- Institut Curie, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, 91405 Orsay, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR3347, 91405 Orsay, France; INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France; Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Véronique Delmas
- Institut Curie, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, 91405 Orsay, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR3347, 91405 Orsay, France; INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France; Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Hannah Seberg
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Guillaume Meurice
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, UMS AMMICA, Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Van Otterloo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Philippe Dessen
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, UMS AMMICA, Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | | | - Daniel Gautheret
- Plateforme de Bioinformatique, UMS AMMICA, Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Robert A Cornell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alain Sarasin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR8200, Gustave-Roussy and University Paris-Sud, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, 91405 Orsay, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR3347, 91405 Orsay, France; INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France; Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 91405 Orsay, France.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Galore-Haskel G, Nemlich Y, Greenberg E, Ashkenazi S, Hakim M, Itzhaki O, Shoshani N, Shapira-Fromer R, Ben-Ami E, Ofek E, Anafi L, Besser MJ, Schachter J, Markel G. A novel immune resistance mechanism of melanoma cells controlled by the ADAR1 enzyme. Oncotarget 2015; 6:28999-9015. [PMID: 26338962 PMCID: PMC4745707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The blossom of immunotherapy in melanoma highlights the need to delineate mechanisms of immune resistance. Recently, we have demonstrated that the RNA editing protein, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-1 (ADAR1) is down-regulated during metastatic transition of melanoma, which enhances melanoma cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. Here we investigate the role of ADAR1 in melanoma immune resistance.Importantly, knockdown of ADAR1 in human melanoma cells induces resistance to tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in a cell contact-dependent mechanism. We show that ADAR1, in an editing-independent manner, regulates the biogenesis of miR-222 at the transcription level and thereby Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM1) expression, which consequently affects melanoma immune resistance. ADAR1 thus has a novel, pivotal, role in cancer immune resistance. Corroborating with these results, the expression of miR-222 in melanoma tissue specimens was significantly higher in patients who had no clinical benefit from treatment with ipilimumab as compared to patients that responded clinically, suggesting that miR-222 could function as a biomarker for the prediction of response to ipilimumab.These results provide not only novel insights on melanoma immune resistance, but also pave the way to the development of innovative personalized tools to enable optimal drug selection and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilli Galore-Haskel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Nemlich
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Eyal Greenberg
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shira Ashkenazi
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Motti Hakim
- cCAM Biotherapeutics, Misgav Industrial Park, Misgav, Israel
| | - Orit Itzhaki
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Noa Shoshani
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | | | - Eytan Ben-Ami
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Efrat Ofek
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Liat Anafi
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Michal J. Besser
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Schachter
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Gal Markel
- Ella Lemelbaum Institute of Melanoma, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
AP2α controls the dynamic balance between miR-126&126* and miR-221&222 during melanoma progression. Oncogene 2015; 35:3016-26. [PMID: 26434590 PMCID: PMC4908437 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences have shown the association between aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRs) and cancer, where these small regulatory RNAs appear to dictate the cell fate by regulating all the main biological processes. We demonstrated the responsibility of the circuitry connecting the oncomiR-221&222 with the tumor suppressors miR-126&126* in melanoma development and progression. According to the inverse correlation between endogenous miR-221&222 and miR-126&126*, respectively increasing or decreasing with malignancy, their enforced expression or silencing was sufficient for a reciprocal regulation. In line with the opposite roles of these miRs, protein analyses confirmed the reverse expression pattern of miR-126&126*-targeted genes that were induced by miR-221&222. Looking for a central player in this complex network, we revealed the dual regulation of AP2α, on one side directly targeted by miR-221&222 and on the other a transcriptional activator of miR-126&126*. We showed the chance of restoring miR-126&126* expression in metastatic melanoma to reduce the amount of mature intracellular heparin-binding EGF like growth factor, thus preventing promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger delocalization and maintaining its repression on miR-221&222 promoter. Thus, the low-residual quantity of these two miRs assures the release of AP2α expression, which in turn binds to and induces miR-126&126* transcription. All together these results point to an unbalanced ratio functional to melanoma malignancy between these two couples of miRs. During progression this balance gradually moves from miR-126&126* toward miR-221&222. This circuitry, besides confirming the central role of AP2α in orchestrating melanoma development and/or progression, further displays the significance of these miRs in cancer and the option of utilizing them for novel therapeutics.
Collapse
|
95
|
Yang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang M, Liu H, Zhang S, Qi B, Sun X. Serum microRNA-221 functions as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for patients with osteosarcoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 75:153-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
96
|
McConnell MJ, Durand L, Langley E, Coste-Sarguet L, Zelent A, Chomienne C, Kouzarides T, Licht JD, Guidez F. Post transcriptional control of the epigenetic stem cell regulator PLZF by sirtuin and HDAC deacetylases. Epigenetics Chromatin 2015; 8:38. [PMID: 26405459 PMCID: PMC4581162 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-015-0030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcriptional repressor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) is critical for the regulation of normal stem cells maintenance by establishing specific epigenetic landscape. We have previously shown that CBP/p300 acetyltransferase induces PLZF acetylation in order to increase its deoxynucleotidic acid (DNA) binding activity and to enhance its epigenetic function (repression of PLZF target genes). However, how PLZF is inactivated is not yet understood. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrate that PLZF is deacetylated by both histone deacetylase 3 and the NAD+ dependent deacetylase silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1). Unlike other PLZF-interacting deacetylases, these two proteins interact with the zinc finger domain of PLZF, where the activating CBP/p300 acetylation site was previously described, inducing deacetylation of lysines 647/650/653. Overexpression of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and SIRT1 is associated with loss of PLZF DNA binding activity and decreases PLZF transcriptional repression. As a result, the chromatin status of the promoters of PLZF target genes, involved in oncogenesis, shift from a heterochromatin to an open euchromatin environment leading to gene expression even in the presence of PLZF. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, SIRT1 and HDAC3 mediated-PLZF deacetylation provides for rapid control and fine-tuning of PLZF activity through post-transcriptional modification to regulate gene expression and cellular homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J. McConnell
- />Malaghan Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington, New Zealand
- />Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Laetitia Durand
- />INSERM UMRS-1131, Institut universitaire d’Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Emma Langley
- />Wellcome Institute/Cancer Research UK, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR UK
- />Biogen Idec, San Diego, CA 92122 USA
| | - Lise Coste-Sarguet
- />INSERM UMRS-1131, Institut universitaire d’Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Arthur Zelent
- />Division of Hemato-oncology, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Christine Chomienne
- />INSERM UMRS-1131, Institut universitaire d’Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Tony Kouzarides
- />Wellcome Institute/Cancer Research UK, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QR UK
| | - Jonathan D. Licht
- />Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- />Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Fabien Guidez
- />INSERM UMRS-1131, Institut universitaire d’Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Chen S, Qian J, Shi X, Gao T, Liang T, Liu C. Control of hepatic gluconeogenesis by the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 28:1987-98. [PMID: 25333514 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) protein is involved in major biological processes including energy metabolism, although its role remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that hepatic PLZF expression was induced in fasted or diabetic mice. PLZF promoted gluconeogenic gene expression and hepatic glucose output, leading to hyperglycemia. In contrast, hepatic PLZF knockdown improved glucose homeostasis in db/db mice. Mechanistically, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α and the glucocorticoid receptor synergistically activated PLZF expression. We conclude that PLZF is a critical regulator of hepatic gluconeogenesis. PLZF manipulation may benefit the treatment of metabolic diseases associated with gluconeogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences (S.C., J.Q., X.S., T.G., T.L., C.L.), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (C.L.), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Ding Z, Jian S, Peng X, Liu Y, Wang J, Zheng L, Ou C, Wang Y, Zeng W, Zhou M. Loss of MiR-664 Expression Enhances Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Proliferation by Upregulating PLP2. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1327. [PMID: 26287415 PMCID: PMC4616445 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolipid protein 2 (PLP2) has been shown to be upregulated in several cancers, including breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and melanoma. PLP2 specifically binds to phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase to activate the protein kinase B pathway to enhance cell proliferation, adhesion, and invasion in melanoma cells. Therefore, we speculated that PLP2 exhibits oncogenic potential. However, the regulatory mechanisms of PLP2 in cancer cells remain unclear.Herein, we found that microRNA (miR)-664 expression was significantly downregulated in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) cells and tissues compared with normal human melanocytes and benign melanocytic naevi. MiR-664 expression level was significantly correlated with patient survival. Ectopic expression of miR-664 reduced CMM cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth, whereas the inhibition of miR-664 induced these effects. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-664 in CMM cells resulted in modulation of their entry into the G1/S transitional phase, which was caused by downregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P21 and upregulation of the cell-cycle regulator cyclin D1. Moreover, we demonstrated that miR-664 downregulated PLP2 expression by directly targeting the PLP2 untranslated region.Taken together, our results suggest that miR-664 may play an important role in suppressing proliferation of CMM cells and present a novel mechanism of miR-mediated direct suppression of PLP2 expression in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Ding
- From the Department of Radiation Medicine (ZD, LZ, CO, YW, MZ), School of Public Health and Tropic Medicine, Southern Medical University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,China; Department of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery (SJ), Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou,Guangdong,China Department of Dermatology (XP), Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,China; Guangzhou Twelfth Hospital (YL, JW); and Guangzhou Biocare Cancer Institute (WZ), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Xiao GQ, Li F, Findeis-Hosey J, Hyrien O, Unger PD, Xiao L, Dunne R, Kim ES, Yang Q, McMahon L, Burstein DE. Down-regulation of cytoplasmic PLZF correlates with high tumor grade and tumor aggression in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:1607-15. [PMID: 26297253 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There are currently no effective prognostic biomarkers for lung cancer. Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), a transcriptional repressor, has a role in cell cycle progression and tumorigenicity in various cancers. The expression and value of PLZF in lung carcinoma, particularly in the subclass of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), has not been studied. Our aim was to study the immunohistochemical expression of PLZF in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma and correlate the alteration of PLZF expression with tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, tumor stage, and overall survival. A total of 296 NSCLCs being mounted on tissue microarray (181 adenocarcinomas and 91 squamous cell carcinomas) were investigated. Moderate to strong expression of PLZF was found in the cytoplasm of all the nonneoplastic respiratory epithelium and most (89.9%) well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. The proportions of moderately differentiated, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and paired lymph node adenocarcinoma metastases that demonstrated negative or only weak PLZF reactivity were 75.6%, 97.2%, and 89.9%, respectively. The expression of PLZF in squamous cell carcinoma was mostly weak or absent and significantly lower than that in adenocarcinoma of the same grade (P < .0005). The loss of cytoplasmic PLZF strongly correlated with high tumor grade and lymph node metastasis in both squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (P < .0001). Down-regulation of PLZF also correlated with higher tumor stage and shorter overall survival (P < .05). These results support a prognostic value for loss of cytoplasmic PLZF expression in the stratification of NSCLC and a possible role of cytoplasmic shift and down-regulation of PLZF in the pathogenesis of NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Qian Xiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642.
| | - Faqian Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | | | - Ollivier Hyrien
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Pamela D Unger
- Department of Pathology, Lenox Hill Hospital-NS/LIJ Health System, New York, NY 10065
| | - Lu Xiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Richard Dunne
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Eric S Kim
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Loralee McMahon
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - David E Burstein
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Jinnin M. Recent progress in studies of miRNA and skin diseases. J Dermatol 2015; 42:551-8. [PMID: 25917002 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
miRNA is a family of small non-coding RNA that consists of 22 nucleotides on average. miRNA are implicated in various cellular activities such as cell proliferation or migration via the modulation of gene expression, and also are linked to the pathogenesis of human diseases. This paper reviews recent research progress about the contribution of miRNA to the pathogenesis of various skin diseases, and possible application of miRNA as the disease markers in each disease. For example, downregulated miR-424-5p in psoriatic skin causes the overexpression of MEK1 and cyclin E1 in psoriatic keratinocytes, resulting in the keratinocyte overgrowth and hyperproliferation seen in the disease. Although there was no significant difference in the serum miR-424-5p levels between psoriasis patients and healthy controls, serum miR-1266-5p levels were significantly upregulated in psoriasis patients, and showed weak and inverse correlation with disease activity. Furthermore, combination of serum levels of miR-146a-5p and -203a-3p was more reliable to distinguish psoriasis patients and normal subjects, than each miRNA alone. Hair shaft miR-424-5p levels were significantly higher in psoriasis patients than normal subjects, while hair root miR-19a-3p levels in psoriasis patients were inversely correlated with the duration between symptom onset and the first visit to the hospital. Future researches of miRNA will enable the advances of their clinical applications including the clarification of pathogenesis, disease markers and novel treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|