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Wu HX, Tong SL, Wu C, Wang WX. HTRA1 gene expression in gastric epithelial cells. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7:765-71. [PMID: 25129457 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore HtrA1 gene expression and its regulation in human gastric cancers. METHODS The HtrA1 mRNA levels were examined by QPCR analysis and confirmed its expression with Northern blot analysis. The HtrA1 protein levels in all six gastric epithelial cell lines were investigated by Western blot analysis. Gene copy number was accessed and then sequenced the coding region from each mRNA in all six cell lines. The HtrA1 promoter region DNA methylation status was detected by using bisulfite sequencing analysis. Effect of decitabine and TSA on HTRA1 expression in gastric cancer cell line was determined by RTPCR. RESULTS HIC analysis indicated that HtrA1 was highly expressed in normal epithelium, but dramatically down-regulated in gastric carcinoma tissues and variably expressed in tumor-adjacent tissues. HtrA1 gene expression was dramatically decreased in gastric carcinoma cells compared to non-tumorigenic counterparts. The HtrA1 gene loss in any of the 4 breast cancer cell lines was not detected. Total 14 CpGs in this region were all methylated in gastric cancer cells, whereas two normal cells, GES-1 and HFI-145, were having several unmethylated cytosines in this region. HtrA1 showed as ~Mr 44,000, Expression of HtrA1 protein was not observed in any of the four gastric cancer cell lines, BGC-823, MKN-45, SGC-7901and MKN-28. HtrA1 expression was observed in the HFI-145and GES-1 cell lines. CONCLUSIONS The epigenetic silencing for HtrA1 gene expression could provide a possible strategy for re-activating HtrA1 gene expression in gastric cancer cells, thus facilitating further investigation of HtrA1's role in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xue Wu
- Gastrointestinal Department, People's Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Lun Tong
- Gastrointestinal Department, People's Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Chong Wu
- Gastrointestinal Department, People's Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xing Wang
- Gastrointestinal Department, People's Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, P.R. China
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Abdin AA, Soliman NA, Saied EM. Effect of propranolol on IL-10, visfatin, Hsp70, iNOS, TLR2, and survivin in amelioration of tumor progression and survival in Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma-bearing mice. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:1114-21. [PMID: 25443743 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Adrenergic signaling could contribute to initiation and progression of breast cancer. This research investigated some potential mechanisms of propranolol in amelioration of progression and survival in breast cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma (SEC) xenograft model was induced in 30 mice divided into 3 groups; where group I served as untreated SEC group. In groups II and III, propranolol treatment i.p. in low (5mg/kg) and high dose (10mg/kg) caused significant increase in interleukin-10 (IL-10) and decrease in heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity with non significant change in visfatin in tumor tissues compared to untreated SEC. In untreated SEC, tumor volume (V) exhibited significant negative correlation with IL-10 levels and toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression with significant positive correlation with Hsp70 levels and iNOS activity. While propranolol in either doses caused reduction of tumor volume (V), and improved percentage tumor growth inhibition (% TGI) only its high dose exhibited significant impact on survival rate. Propranolol dose-dependent effect was evident for IL-10 and Hsp70, and even only the high dose significantly increased and decreased TLR2 and survivin, respectively. This comes in favor of recommending high dose of propranolol in cancer therapy. Nonetheless, use of low dose cannot be ignored when benefit to risk balance have to be considered. CONCLUSIONS Propranolol could provide palliative effects in progression and survival of breast cancer that are mainly mediated via direct immunomodulatory and apoptotic mechanisms and probably associated with indirect anti-angiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany A Abdin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Nema A Soliman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman M Saied
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Tanta, Egypt
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Lu GW, Wang QJ, Xia MM, Qian J. Elevated plasma visfatin levels correlate with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Peptides 2014; 58:60-4. [PMID: 24911837 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Visfatin is a proinflammmatory cytokine with accumulating evidence for its rise in circulation of cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between preoperative plasma visfatin level and prognosis of gastric cancers. Preoperative plasma visfatin levels of 262 patients with gastric cancers and plasma visfatin levels of 262 healthy individuals were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Preoperative plasma visfatin level was substantially higher in patients than in healthy subjects. Plasma visfatin levels were associated with invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, tumor size and tumor node metastasis stage. Multivariate analysis revealed that high plasma visfatin level was an independent factor for death. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that plasma visfatin level predicted death with high area under curve. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified plasma visfatin level as an independent predictor of overall survival. Thus, our results suggest that high preoperative plasma visfatin level is associated with prognostic factors for gastric cancer as well as may play a role as prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wen Lu
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University, 251 Baizhang East Road, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Qi-Jun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University, 251 Baizhang East Road, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Min-Ming Xia
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University, 251 Baizhang East Road, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Jiao Qian
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University, 251 Baizhang East Road, Ningbo 315040, China.
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Shackelford RE, Mayhall K, Maxwell NM, Kandil E, Coppola D. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in malignancy: a review. Genes Cancer 2014; 4:447-56. [PMID: 24386506 DOI: 10.1177/1947601913507576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) synthesis. Both intracellular and extracellular Nampt (iNampt and eNampt) levels are increased in several human malignancies and some studies demonstrate increased iNampt in more aggressive/invasive tumors and in tumor metastases. Several different molecular targets have been identified that promote carcinogenesis following iNampt overexpression, including SirT1, CtBP, and PARP-1. Additionally, eNampt is elevated in several human cancers and is often associated with a higher tumor stage and worse prognoses. Here we review the roles of Nampt in malignancy, some of the known mechanisms by which it promotes carcinogenesis, and discuss the possibility of employing Nampt inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Mayhall
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Emad Kandil
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Anatomic Pathology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Riehmer V, Gietzelt J, Beyer U, Hentschel B, Westphal M, Schackert G, Sabel MC, Radlwimmer B, Pietsch T, Reifenberger G, Weller M, Weber RG, Loeffler M. Genomic profiling reveals distinctive molecular relapse patterns in IDH1/2 wild-type glioblastoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 53:589-605. [PMID: 24706357 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular changes associated with the progression of glioblastoma after standard radiochemotherapy remain poorly understood. We compared genomic profiles of 27 paired primary and recurrent IDH1/2 wild-type glioblastomas by genome-wide array-based comparative genomic hybridization. By bioinformatic analysis, primary and recurrent tumor profiles were normalized and segmented, chromosomal gains and losses identified taking the tumor cell content into account, and difference profiles deduced. Seven of 27 (26%) pairs lacked DNA copy number differences between primary and recurrent tumors (equal pairs). The recurrent tumors in 9/27 (33%) pairs contained all chromosomal imbalances of the primary tumors plus additional ones, suggesting a sequential acquisition of and/or selection for aberrations during progression (sequential pairs). In 11/27 (41%) pairs, the profiles of primary and recurrent tumors were divergent, i.e., the recurrent tumors contained additional aberrations but had lost others, suggesting a polyclonal composition of the primary tumors and considerable clonal evolution (discrepant pairs). Losses on 9p21.3 harboring the CDKN2A/B locus were significantly more common in primary tumors from sequential and discrepant (nonequal) pairs. Nonequal pairs showed ten regions of recurrent genomic differences between primary and recurrent tumors harboring 46 candidate genes associated with tumor recurrence. In particular, copy numbers of genes encoding apoptosis regulators were frequently changed at progression. In summary, approximately 25% of IDH1/2 wild-type glioblastoma pairs have stable genomic imbalances. In contrast, approximately 75% of IDH1/2 wild-type glioblastomas undergo further genomic aberrations and alter their clonal composition upon recurrence impacting their genomic profile, a process possibly facilitated by 9p21.3 loss in the primary tumor. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Riehmer
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Schuster S, Penke M, Gorski T, Petzold-Quinque S, Damm G, Gebhardt R, Kiess W, Garten A. Resveratrol differentially regulates NAMPT and SIRT1 in Hepatocarcinoma cells and primary human hepatocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91045. [PMID: 24603648 PMCID: PMC3946349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is reported to possess chemotherapeutic properties in several cancers. In this study, we wanted to investigate the molecular mechanisms of resveratrol-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis as well as the impact of resveratrol on NAMPT and SIRT1 protein function and asked whether there are differences in hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2, Hep3B cells) and non-cancerous primary human hepatocytes. We found a lower basal NAMPT mRNA and protein expression in hepatocarcinoma cells compared to primary hepatocytes. In contrast, SIRT1 was significantly higher expressed in hepatocarcinoma cells than in primary hepatocytes. Resveratrol induced cell cycle arrest in the S- and G2/M- phase and apoptosis was mediated by activation of p53 and caspase-3 in HepG2 cells. In contrast to primary hepatocytes, resveratrol treated HepG2 cells showed a reduction of NAMPT enzymatic activity and increased p53 acetylation (K382). Resveratrol induced NAMPT release from HepG2 cells which was associated with increased NAMPT mRNA expression. This effect was absent in primary hepatocytes where resveratrol was shown to function as NAMPT and SIRT1 activator. SIRT1 inhibition by EX527 resembled resveratrol effects on HepG2 cells. Furthermore, a SIRT1 overexpression significantly decreased both p53 hyperacetylation and resveratrol-induced NAMPT release as well as S-phase arrest in HepG2 cells. We could show that NAMPT and SIRT1 are differentially regulated by resveratrol in hepatocarcinoma cells and primary hepatocytes and that resveratrol did not act as a SIRT1 activator in hepatocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schuster
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Melanie Penke
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Theresa Gorski
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Petzold-Quinque
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Garten
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Estrogen-responsive genes overlap with triiodothyronine-responsive genes in a breast carcinoma cell line. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:969404. [PMID: 24587767 PMCID: PMC3920670 DOI: 10.1155/2014/969404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that estrogen plays an important role in the progression and treatment of breast cancer. However, the role of triiodothyronine (T₃) remains controversial. We have previously shown its capacity to stimulate the development of positive estrogen receptor breast carcinoma, induce the expression of genes (PR, TGF-alpha) normally stimulated by estradiol (E₂), and suppress genes (TGF-beta) normally inhibited by E₂. Since T₃ regulates growth hormones, metabolism, and differentiation, it is important to verify its action on other genes normally induced by E₂. Therefore, we used DNA microarrays to compare gene expression patterns in MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells treated with E₂ and T₃. Several genes were modulated by both E₂ and T₃ in MCF-7 cells (Student's t-test, P < 0.05). Specifically, we found eight genes that were differentially expressed after treatment with both E₂ and T₃, including amphiregulin, fibulin 1, claudin 6, pericentriolar material 1, premature ovarian failure 1B, factor for adipocyte differentiation-104, sterile alpha motif domain containing 9, and likely ortholog of rat vacuole membrane protein 1 (fold change > 2.0, pFDR < 0.05). We confirmed our microarray results by real-time PCR. Our findings reveal that certain genes in MCF-7 cells can be regulated by both E₂ and T₃.
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Pérez-Hernández AI, Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Rodríguez A, Frühbeck G. Mechanisms linking excess adiposity and carcinogenesis promotion. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:65. [PMID: 24829560 PMCID: PMC4013474 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity constitutes one of the most important metabolic diseases being associated to insulin resistance development and increased cardiovascular risk. Association between obesity and cancer has also been well established for several tumor types, such as breast cancer in post-menopausal women, colorectal, and prostate cancer. Cancer is the first death cause in developed countries and the second one in developing countries, with high incidence rates around the world. Furthermore, it has been estimated that 15-20% of all cancer deaths may be attributable to obesity. Tumor growth is regulated by interactions between tumor cells and their tissue microenvironment. In this sense, obesity may lead to cancer development through dysfunctional adipose tissue and altered signaling pathways. In this review, three main pathways relating obesity and cancer development are examined: (i) inflammatory changes leading to macrophage polarization and altered adipokine profile; (ii) insulin resistance development; and (iii) adipose tissue hypoxia. Since obesity and cancer present a high prevalence, the association between these conditions is of great public health significance and studies showing mechanisms by which obesity lead to cancer development and progression are needed to improve prevention and management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Gema Frühbeck, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII 36, Pamplona 31008, Spain e-mail:
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Li XY, Tang SH, Zhou XC, Ye YH, Xu XQ, Li RZ. Preoperative serum visfatin levels and prognosis of breast cancer among Chinese women. Peptides 2014; 51:86-90. [PMID: 24269296 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Visfatin is identified a pro-inflammatory cytokine and its serum level is increased in various cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative serum visfatin level in breast cancers. Preoperative serum visfatin levels of 248 patients with breast cancer and serum visfatin levels of 100 healthy individuals and 100 benign women controls were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Unfavorable outcome was defined as first local recurrence, distant metastasis, second primary cancer of another organ, or death from any cause. Disease-free survival was defined as the time between surgery and the date of unfavorable outcome whichever appeared first. Overall survival was defined from surgery to death for any cause. The association of serum visfatin level with outcomes including mortality, unfavorable outcome, disease-free survival and overall survival was investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Preoperative serum visfatin level was substantially higher in patients than in healthy subjects and benign controls respectively. Elevated preoperative serum level of visfatin was identified an independent predictor of mortality, unfavorable outcome, disease-free survival and overall survival. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that serum level visfatin had high predictive value for mortality and unfavorable outcome. Thus, our results suggest that high preoperative serum visfatin level is associated with poor patient outcomes as well as may play a role as prognostic biomarker in breast cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Li
- Department of Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wenzhou City, 32 Dajian Lane, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shao-Hua Tang
- Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wenzhou City, 32 Dajian Lane, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Xiao-Cong Zhou
- Department of Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wenzhou City, 32 Dajian Lane, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ying-Hai Ye
- Department of Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wenzhou City, 32 Dajian Lane, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xue-Qin Xu
- Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wenzhou City, 32 Dajian Lane, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ri-Zeng Li
- Department of Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wenzhou City, 32 Dajian Lane, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Li HJ, Che XM, Zhao W, He SC, Zhang ZL, Chen R, Fan L, Jia ZL. Diet-induced obesity promotes murine gastric cancer growth through a nampt/sirt1/c-myc positive feedback loop. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2153-60. [PMID: 23970286 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of gastric cancer and may promote its growth, as was recently demonstrated by our novel in vivo mouse model. However, the underlying mechanisms of this correlation remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the precise effects of obesity on gastric cancer growth and to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms. Diet-induced obese mice were insulin-resistant, glucose-intolerant and had high serum visfatin concentration. In the subcutaneous mouse model, tumors were more aggressive in diet-induced obese mice compared with lean mice. Tumor weights showed a significant positive correlation with mouse body weights, as well as serum insulin and visfatin concentrations. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression levels of iNampt, Sirt1 and c-MYC proteins were upregulated in the subcutaneous tumors from obese mice compared to those from lean animals. Furthermore, obesity not only prompted significantly murine forestomach carcinoma cell migration, proliferation, but also affected cellular apoptosis and cell cycle by endocrine mechanisms. These were associated with increased expression of the pro-survival nampt/sirt1/c-myc positive feedback loop confirmed by RT-PCR and western blotting. These results suggested that diet-induced obesity could promote murine gastric cancer growth by upregulating the expression of the nampt, sirt1 and c-myc genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Chen M, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhao L, Ye S, Wang S, Yu C, Xie H. Association of plasma visfatin with risk of colorectal cancer: An observational study of Chinese patients. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2013; 12:e65-74. [PMID: 23910020 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association between plasma visfatin levels and risk of early and advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS In total, 358 CRC patients and 286 controls were enrolled. According to the T factor of the TNM system. cancer patients were divided into two subgroups: early and advanced cancer. Levels of visfatin, anthropometric and metabolic parameters, which were classified as low, medium, and high, based on the tertile distributions in the control group, were determined. RESULTS The visfatin levels in patients with advanced and early cancer were higher than in controls (least significant difference test, P = 0.004 and 0.013, respectively). The patients in the highest tertile of visfatin concentration presented significantly higher odds for early and advanced CRC, adjusted for potential confounding factors (odds ratio 3.37; 95% CI, 1.93-8.37; P = 0.011; odds ratio 2.38; 95% CI: 1.82-8.35; P = 0.015, respectively). The visfatin level correlated significantly with waist:hip ratio (P < 0.05 for all) among case and control participants. Plasma visfatin levels in early and advanced CRC yielded a receiver operating characteristic curve area of 72 and 86%, respectively. The optimal sensitivity and specificity were 73% and 57% in discriminating between early CRC and normal controls while they were 76% and 68% in discriminating between advanced CRC and normal controls. CONCLUSION An increased level of visfatin was a strong risk factor for both early and advanced CRC in Chinese patients. Plasma visfatin levels might be a potential biomarker for CRC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Youming Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Division of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuai Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shenyi Wang
- Division of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Changjun Yu
- Division of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huijuan Xie
- Division of Endoscopy, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Zhang C, Tong J, Huang G. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (Nampt) is a target of microRNA-26b in colorectal cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69963. [PMID: 23922874 PMCID: PMC3726743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of cancers show increased expression of Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (Nampt). However, the mechanism through which Nampt is upregulated is unclear. In our study, we found that the Nampt-specific chemical inhibitor FK866 significantly inhibited cell survival and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels in LoVo and SW480 cell lines. Bioinformatics analyses suggested that miR-26b targets Nampt mRNA. We identified Nampt as a new target of miR-26b and demonstrated that miR-26b inhibits Nampt expression at the protein and mRNA levels by binding to the Nampt 3′-UTR. Moreover, we found that miR-26b was down regulated in cancer tissues relative to that in adjacent normal tissues in 18 colorectal cancer patients. A statistically significant inverse correlation between miR-26b and Nampt expression was observed in samples from colorectal cancer patients and in 5 colorectal cell lines (HT-29, SW480, SW1116, LoVo, and HCT116). In addition, over expression of miR-26b strongly inhibited LoVo cell survival and invasion, an effect partially abrogated by the addition of NAD. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the NAD-salvaging biosynthesis pathway involving Nampt might play a role in colorectal cancer cell survival. MiR-26b may serve as a tumor suppressor by targeting Nampt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenpeng Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinlu Tong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Gastrointestinal Diseases; Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: .
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Abstract
We recently demonstrated that Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) inhibition depletes intracellular NAD⁺ content leading, to autophagic multiple myeloma (MM) cell death. Bortezomib has remarkably improved MM patient outcome, but dose-limiting toxicities and development of resistance limit its long-term utility. Here we observed higher Nampt messenger RNA levels in bortezomib-resistant patient MM cells, which correlated with decreased overall survival. We demonstrated that combining the NAD⁺ depleting agent FK866 with bortezomib induces synergistic anti-MM cell death and overcomes bortezomib resistance. This effect is associated with (1) activation of caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and downregulation of Mcl-1; (2) enhanced intracellular NAD⁺ depletion; (3) inhibition of chymotrypsin-like, caspase-like, and trypsin-like proteasome activities; (4) inhibition of nuclear factor κB signaling; and (5) inhibition of angiogenesis. Furthermore, Nampt knockdown significantly enhances the anti-MM effect of bortezomib, which can be rescued by ectopically overexpressing Nampt. In a murine xenograft MM model, low-dose combination FK866 and Bortezomib is well tolerated, significantly inhibits tumor growth, and prolongs host survival. Taken together, these findings indicate that intracellular NAD⁺ level represents a major determinant in the ability of bortezomib to induce apoptosis in MM cells and provide proof of concept for the combination with FK866 as a new strategy to enhance sensitivity or overcome resistance to bortezomib.
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Dudek AM, Grotenhuis AJ, Vermeulen SH, Kiemeney LALM, Verhaegh GW. Urinary bladder cancer susceptibility markers. What do we know about functional mechanisms? Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12346-66. [PMID: 23752272 PMCID: PMC3709789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been successful in the identification of the several urinary bladder cancer (UBC) susceptibility loci, pointing towards novel genes involved in tumor development. Despite that, functional characterization of the identified variants remains challenging, as they mostly map to poorly understood, non-coding regions. Recently, two of the UBC risk variants (PSCA and UGT1A) were confirmed to have functional consequences. They were shown to modify bladder cancer risk by influencing gene expression in an allele-specific manner. Although the role of the other UBC risk variants is unknown, it can be hypothesized-based on studies from different cancer types-that they influence cancer susceptibility by alterations in regulatory networks. The insight into UBC heritability gained through GWAS and further functional studies can impact on cancer prevention and screening, as well as on the development of new biomarkers and future personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M. Dudek
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 16, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (L.A.L.M.K.); (G.W.V.)
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (A.J.G.); (S.H.V.)
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Anne J. Grotenhuis
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (A.J.G.); (S.H.V.)
- Nijmegen Centre for Evidence Based Practice, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Sita H. Vermeulen
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (A.J.G.); (S.H.V.)
- Nijmegen Centre for Evidence Based Practice, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A. L. M. Kiemeney
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 16, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (L.A.L.M.K.); (G.W.V.)
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (A.J.G.); (S.H.V.)
- Nijmegen Centre for Evidence Based Practice, Geert Grooteplein 21, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald W. Verhaegh
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 16, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (L.A.L.M.K.); (G.W.V.)
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
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Tian W, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Teng F, Zhang H, Liu G, Ma X, Sun D, Rohan T, Xue F. Visfatin, a potential biomarker and prognostic factor for endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 129:505-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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66
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Lehner A, Magdolen V, Schuster T, Kotzsch M, Kiechle M, Meindl A, Sweep FCGJ, Span PN, Gross E. Downregulation of serine protease HTRA1 is associated with poor survival in breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60359. [PMID: 23580433 PMCID: PMC3620283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
HTRA1 is a highly conserved serine protease which has been implicated in suppression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) and cell motility in breast cancer. Its prognostic relevance for breast cancer is unclear so far. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of HTRA1 mRNA expression on patient outcome using a cohort of 131 breast cancer patients as well as a validation cohort including 2809 publically available data sets. Additionally, we aimed at investigating for the presence of promoter hypermethylation as a mechanism for silencing the HTRA1 gene in breast tumors. HTRA1 downregulation was detected in more than 50% of the breast cancer specimens and was associated with higher tumor stage (p = 0.025). By applying Cox proportional hazard models, we observed favorable overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) related to high HTRA1 expression (HR = 0.45 [CI 0.23-0.90], p = 0.023; HR = 0.55 [CI 0.32-0.94], p = 0.028, respectively), with even more pronounced impact in node-positive patients (HR = 0.21 [CI 0.07-0.63], p = 0.006; HR = 0.29 [CI 0.13-0.65], p = 0.002, respectively). Moreover, HTRA1 remained a statistically significant factor predicting DFS among established clinical parameters in the multivariable analysis. Its impact on patient outcome was independently confirmed in the validation set (for relapse-free survival (n = 2809): HR = 0.79 [CI 0.7-0.9], log-rank p = 0.0003; for OS (n = 971): HR = 0.63 [CI 0.48-0.83], log-rank p = 0.0009). In promoter analyses, we in fact detected methylation of HTRA1 in a small subset of breast cancer specimens (two out of a series of 12), and in MCF-7 breast cancer cells which exhibited 22-fold lower HTRA1 mRNA expression levels compared to unmethylated MDA-MB-231 cells. In conclusion, we show that downregulation of HTRA1 is associated with shorter patient survival, particularly in node-positive breast cancer. Since HTRA1 loss was demonstrated to induce EMT and cancer cell invasion, these patients might benefit from demethylating agents or histone deacetylase inhibitors previously reported to lead to HTRA1 upregulation, or from novel small-molecule inhibitors targeting EMT-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lehner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Viktor Magdolen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tibor Schuster
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Kotzsch
- Institute of Pathology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fred C. G. J. Sweep
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul N. Span
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Gross
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Kobos R, Nagai M, Tsuda M, Merl MY, Saito T, Laé M, Mo Q, Olshen A, Lianoglou S, Leslie C, Ostrovnaya I, Antczak C, Djaballah H, Ladanyi M. Combining integrated genomics and functional genomics to dissect the biology of a cancer-associated, aberrant transcription factor, the ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion oncoprotein. J Pathol 2013; 229:743-754. [PMID: 23288701 DOI: 10.1002/path.4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic rearrangements of the TFE3 transcription factor gene are found in two distinct human cancers. These include ASPSCR1-TFE3 in all cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) and ASPSCR1-TFE3, PRCC-TFE3, SFPQ-TFE3 and others in a subset of paediatric and adult RCCs. Here we examined the functional properties of the ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion oncoprotein, defined its target promoters on a genome-wide basis and performed a high-throughput RNA interference screen to identify which of its transcriptional targets contribute to cancer cell proliferation. We first confirmed that ASPSCR1-TFE3 has a predominantly nuclear localization and functions as a stronger transactivator than native TFE3. Genome-wide location analysis performed on the FU-UR-1 cell line, which expresses endogenous ASPSCR1-TFE3, identified 2193 genes bound by ASPSCR1-TFE3. Integration of these data with expression profiles of ASPS tumour samples and inducible cell lines expressing ASPSCR1-TFE3 defined a subset of 332 genes as putative up-regulated direct targets of ASPSCR1-TFE3, including MET (a previously known target gene) and 64 genes as down-regulated targets of ASPSCR1-TFE3. As validation of this approach to identify genuine ASPSCR1-TFE3 target genes, two up-regulated genes bound by ASPSCR1-TFE3, CYP17A1 and UPP1, were shown by multiple lines of evidence to be direct, endogenous targets of transactivation by ASPSCR1-TFE3. As the results indicated that ASPSCR1-TFE3 functions predominantly as a strong transcriptional activator, we hypothesized that a subset of its up-regulated direct targets mediate its oncogenic properties. We therefore chose 130 of these up-regulated direct target genes to study in high-throughput RNAi screens, using FU-UR-1 cells. In addition to MET, we provide evidence that 11 other ASPSCR1-TFE3 target genes contribute to the growth of ASPSCR1-TFE3-positive cells. Our data suggest new therapeutic possibilities for cancers driven by TFE3 fusions. More generally, this work establishes a combined integrated genomics/functional genomics strategy to dissect the biology of oncogenic, chimeric transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kobos
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Makoto Nagai
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Masumi Tsuda
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Man Yee Merl
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Marick Laé
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Adam Olshen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Steven Lianoglou
- Computational Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, USA
| | - Christina Leslie
- Computational Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, USA
| | - Irina Ostrovnaya
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Christophe Antczak
- High-throughput Screening Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Hakim Djaballah
- High-throughput Screening Core Facility, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology and Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
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68
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Carraro DM, Koike Folgueira MAA, Garcia Lisboa BC, Ribeiro Olivieri EH, Vitorino Krepischi AC, de Carvalho AF, de Carvalho Mota LD, Puga RD, do Socorro Maciel M, Michelli RAD, de Lyra EC, Grosso SHG, Soares FA, Achatz MIADSW, Brentani H, Moreira-Filho CA, Brentani MM. Comprehensive analysis of BRCA1, BRCA2 and TP53 germline mutation and tumor characterization: a portrait of early-onset breast cancer in Brazil. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57581. [PMID: 23469205 PMCID: PMC3586086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and TP53 genes have been identified as one of the most important disease-causing issues in young breast cancer patients worldwide. The specific defective biological processes that trigger germline mutation-associated and -negative tumors remain unclear. To delineate an initial portrait of Brazilian early-onset breast cancer, we performed an investigation combining both germline and tumor analysis. Germline screening of the BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2 (c.1100delC) and TP53 genes was performed in 54 unrelated patients <35 y; their tumors were investigated with respect to transcriptional and genomic profiles as well as hormonal receptors and HER2 expression/amplification. Germline mutations were detected in 12 out of 54 patients (22%) [7 in BRCA1 (13%), 4 in BRCA2 (7%) and one in TP53 (2%) gene]. A cancer familial history was present in 31.4% of the unrelated patients, from them 43.7% were carriers for germline mutation (37.5% in BRCA1 and in 6.2% in the BRCA2 genes). Fifty percent of the unrelated patients with hormone receptor-negative tumors carried BRCA1 mutations, percentage increasing to 83% in cases with familial history of cancer. Over-representation of DNA damage-, cellular and cell cycle-related processes was detected in the up-regulated genes of BRCA1/2-associated tumors, whereas cell and embryo development-related processes were over-represented in the up-regulated genes of BRCA1/2-negative tumors, suggesting distinct mechanisms driving the tumorigenesis. An initial portrait of the early-onset breast cancer patients in Brazil was generated pointing out that hormone receptor-negative tumors and positive familial history are two major risk factors for detection of a BRCA1 germline mutation. Additionally, the data revealed molecular factors that potentially trigger the tumor development in young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirce Maria Carraro
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, A.C. Camargo Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil.
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69
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Fumagalli D, Andre F, Piccart-Gebhart MJ, Sotiriou C, Desmedt C. Molecular biology in breast cancer: should molecular classifiers be assessed by conventional tools or by gene expression arrays? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 84 Suppl 1:e58-69. [PMID: 22964299 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex disease, with heterogeneous presentations and clinical courses. Standard clinico-pathological parameters, relying on single gene or protein characterization determined with sometimes poorly-reproducible technologies, have shown limitations in the classification of the disease and in the prediction of individual patient outcomes and responses to therapy. Gene-expression profiling has revealed great potential to accurately classify breast cancer and define patient prognosis and prediction to anti-cancer therapy. Nevertheless, the performance of molecular classifiers remains sub-optimal, and both technical and conceptual improvements are needed. It is likely that determining the ideal strategy for tailoring treatment of breast cancer will require a more systematic, structured and multi-dimensional approach than in the past. Besides implementing cutting-edge technologies to detect genetic and epigenetic cancer alterations, the future of breast cancer research will in all probability rely on the innovative and multilevel integration of molecular profiles with clinical parameters of the disease and patient-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Fumagalli
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Unit, Jules Bordet Institute, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Dalamaga M. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferase/visfatin: a missing link between overweight/obesity and postmenopausal breast cancer? Potential preventive and therapeutic perspectives and challenges. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:617-21. [PMID: 22922056 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide breast cancer (BC) constitutes a significant public health concern. Excess body weight is associated with postmenopausal BC (PBC) risk. Recent studies have shown that the constellation of obesity, insulin resistance and serum adipokine levels are associated with the risk and prognosis of PBC. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferase (Nampt), also known as visfatin and pre-B-cell-colony-enhancing factor, found in the visceral fat, represents a novel pleiotropic adipokine acting as a cytokine, a growth factor and an enzyme. It plays an important role in a variety of metabolic and stress responses as well as in the cellular energy metabolism, particularly NAD biosynthesis. Nampt exhibits proliferative, anti-apoptotic, pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties. Nampt's insulin-mimetic function remains a controversial issue. Circulating Nampt levels are increased in obese women. Also, Nampt levels are significantly elevated in women suffering from PBC than in healthy controls independently from known risk factors of BC, anthropometric and metabolic parameters as well as serum concentrations of well known adipokines. High expression of Nampt in BC tissues was reported to be associated with more malignant cancer behavior as well as adverse prognosis. Taking into account the mitogenicity of Nampt as well as its proliferative, anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic properties, a novel hypothesis is proposed whereas Nampt may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of PBC and may represent a missing link between overweight/obesity and PBC. Nampt could exert its effects on the normal and neoplastic mammary tissue by endocrine and paracrine mechanisms; Nampt could also be secreted by tumor epithelial cells in an autocrine manner. It could stimulate mammary epithelial cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis, which is essential for BC development and progression. Serum Nampt might be a novel risk factor as well as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in PBC. In addition, pharmacologic agents that neutralize biochemically Nampt or medications that decrease Nampt levels or downregulate signaling pathways downstream of Nampt may prove to be useful anti-cancer agents. The potential harmful effect on PBC risk due to vitamin B3 (nicotinic acid, a natural NAD precursor in the biosynthetic route leading to NAD) intake is speculated for the first time. In this hypothesis, the role of Nampt in BC carcinogenesis and progression is explored as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the association between Nampt and PBC in the context of a dysfunctional adipose tissue in obesity. Understanding of these mechanisms may be important for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies against PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Athens, Attikon General University Hospital, 1 Rimini street, Chaidari, Athens 12462, Greece.
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71
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Wang N, Eckert KA, Zomorrodi AR, Xin P, Pan W, Shearer DA, Weisz J, Maranus CD, Clawson GA. Down-regulation of HtrA1 activates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and ATM DNA damage response pathways. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39446. [PMID: 22761798 PMCID: PMC3383700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the serine protease HtrA1 is decreased or abrogated in a variety of human primary cancers, and higher levels of HtrA1 expression are directly related to better response to chemotherapeutics. However, the precise mechanisms leading to HtrA1 down regulation during malignant transformation are unclear. To investigate HtrA1 gene regulation in breast cancer, we characterized expression in primary breast tissues and seven human breast epithelial cell lines, including two non-tumorigenic cell lines. In human breast tissues, HtrA1 expression was prominent in normal ductal glands. In DCIS and in invasive cancers, HtrA1 expression was greatly reduced or lost entirely. HtrA1 staining was also reduced in all of the human breast cancer cell lines, compared with the normal tissue and non-tumorigenic cell line controls. Loss of HtrA1 gene expression was attributable primarily to epigenetic silencing mechanisms, with different mechanisms operative in the various cell lines. To mechanistically examine the functional consequences of HtrA1 loss, we stably reduced and/or overexpressed HtrA1 in the non-tumorigenic MCF10A cell line. Reduction of HtrA1 levels resulted in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition with acquisition of mesenchymal phenotypic characteristics, including increased growth rate, migration, and invasion, as well as expression of mesenchymal biomarkers. A concomitant decrease in expression of epithelial biomarkers and all microRNA 200 family members was also observed. Moreover, reduction of HtrA1 expression resulted in activation of the ATM and DNA damage response, whereas overexpression of HtrA1 prevented this activation. Collectively, these results suggest that HtrA1 may function as a tumor suppressor by controlling the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and may function in chemotherapeutic responsiveness by mediating DNA damage response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Gittlen Cancer Research Institute & Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kristin A. Eckert
- Gittlen Cancer Research Institute & Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ali R. Zomorrodi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ping Xin
- Gittlen Cancer Research Institute & Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Weihua Pan
- Gittlen Cancer Research Institute & Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Debra A. Shearer
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Judith Weisz
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Costas D. Maranus
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gary A. Clawson
- Gittlen Cancer Research Institute & Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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72
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Tan SH, Lee SC. An update on chemotherapy and tumor gene expression profiles in breast cancer. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:1083-113. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.694867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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73
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James MA, Wen W, Wang Y, Byers LA, Heymach JV, Coombes KR, Girard L, Minna J, You M. Functional characterization of CLPTM1L as a lung cancer risk candidate gene in the 5p15.33 locus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36116. [PMID: 22675468 PMCID: PMC3366984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleft Lip and Palate Transmembrane Protein 1-Like (CLPTM1L), resides in a region of chromosome 5 for which copy number gain has been found to be the most frequent genetic event in the early stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This locus has been found by multiple genome wide association studies to be associated with lung cancer in both smokers and non-smokers. CLPTM1L has been identified as an overexpressed protein in human ovarian tumor cell lines that are resistant to cisplatin, which is the only insight thus far into the function of CLPTM1L. Here we find CLPTM1L expression to be increased in lung adenocarcinomas compared to matched normal lung tissues and in lung tumor cell lines by mechanisms not exclusive to copy number gain. Upon loss of CLPTM1L accumulation in lung tumor cells, cisplatin and camptothecin induced apoptosis were increased in direct proportion to the level of CLPTM1L knockdown. Bcl-xL accumulation was significantly decreased upon loss of CLPTM1L. Expression of exogenous Bcl-xL abolished sensitization to apoptotic killing with CLPTM1L knockdown. These results demonstrate that CLPTM1L, an overexpressed protein in lung tumor cells, protects from genotoxic stress induced apoptosis through regulation of Bcl-xL. Thus, this study implicates anti-apoptotic CLPTM1L function as a potential mechanism of susceptibility to lung tumorigenesis and resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. James
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Weidong Wen
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Yian Wang
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Lauren A. Byers
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John V. Heymach
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kevin R. Coombes
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Luc Girard
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Simmons Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - John Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, Simmons Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ming You
- MCW Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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74
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Bienertová-Vašků J, Bienert P, Zlámal F, Tomandl J, Tomandlová M, Dostálová Z, Vašků A. Visfatin is secreted into the breast milk and is correlated with weight changes of the infant after the birth. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 96:355-61. [PMID: 21741723 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Visfatin is a recently identified adipokine with numerous metabolic and immunoregulatory properties that has been implicated in the regulation of the white adipose tissue (WAT) and significant changes in visfatin levels were reported during pregnancy. The aim of the study was to investigate dynamics of visfatin levels in maternal serum and human breast milk during a 180-d period after the delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Breast milk and venous blood samples were obtained from 24 healthy lactating women with uncomplicated, physiological pregnancy and appropriate-for-gestational age neonates and serum-milk sample duos were collected at the time of birth, at the 1-3, 12-14, 28-30, 88-90 and 178-180 postpartum. RESULTS Our study demonstrates that (1) visfatin is abundantly secreted into breast milk in humans, reaching approx. 100× higher concentrations compared to maternal serum; (2) visfatin concentrations in maternal serum show significant variations after the delivery and (3) visfatin concentration in colostrum could be used for prediction of the subsequent weight development (less/more severe weight loss during first 3 days after the birth) of the infant. DISCUSSION Our data suggest that visfatin could play an important role in regulation of adiposity of the infant after the birth.
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Rodrıguez-Gonzalez FG, Mustafa DAM, Mostert B, Sieuwerts AM. The challenge of gene expression profiling in heterogeneous clinical samples. Methods 2012; 59:47-58. [PMID: 22652627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all samples used in tumor biology, such as tissues and bodily fluids, are heterogeneous, i.e., consist of different cell types. Evaluating the degree of heterogeneity in samples can increase our knowledge on processes such as clonal selection and metastasis. In addition, generating expression profiles from specific sub populations of cells can reveal their distinct functions. Tissue heterogeneity also poses a challenge, as it can confound the interpretation of gene expression data. This chapter will (1) give a brief overview on how heterogeneity may influence gene expression profiling data and (2) describe the methods that are currently available to assess transcriptional biomarkers in a heterogeneous cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- F German Rodrıguez-Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Josephine Nefkens Institute and Cancer Genomics Centre, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Elevated serum visfatin/nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferase levels are associated with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer independently from adiponectin, leptin, and anthropometric and metabolic parameters. Menopause 2012; 18:1198-204. [PMID: 21712732 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31821e21f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity has been implicated in the etiology of postmenopausal breast cancer (PBC). We hypothesized that altered secretion of visfatin may underlie this association. We thus investigated the association of serum visfatin with PBC risk, taking into account known risk factors including adipokines and anthropometric and metabolic parameters. METHODS In a case-control study, we studied 102 postmenopausal women with pathologically confirmed, incident invasive breast cancer and 102 control women matched on age and time of diagnosis between 2003 and 2010 at Army Share Fund Hospital, Veterans' Hospital (NIMTS). Levels of serum visfatin, adiponectin, leptin, metabolic parameters, carcinoembryonic antigen, and CA 15-3 were determined. RESULTS The mean serum visfatin level was significantly higher in case than in control participants (P < 0.001). Women in the highest quartile of visfatin concentration presented significantly higher odds for PBC, adjusting for age, date of diagnosis, education, body mass index, waist circumference, years with menstruation, parity/age at first full-term pregnancy, breast-feeding, family history of cancer, use of exogenous hormones, alcohol consumption, smoking status, homeostasis model assessment score, and serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations (odds ratio, 7.93; 95% CI, 2.52-24.9). In case participants, the visfatin level correlated significantly with the tumor marker CA 15-3 (P = 0.03) but not with metabolic and anthropometric variables (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Further prospective studies are needed to determine whether an elevated serum visfatin level is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of PBC or reflects changes during PBC progression and could therefore be used as a biomarker for PBC.
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Campos AHJFM, Silva AA, Mota LDDC, Olivieri ER, Prescinoti VC, Patrão D, Camargo LP, Brentani H, Carraro DM, Brentani RR, Soares FA. The Value of a Tumor Bank in the Development of Cancer Research in Brazil: 13 Years of Experience at the A C Camargo Hospital. Biopreserv Biobank 2012; 10:168-73. [DOI: 10.1089/bio.2011.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Hugo Jose Froes Marques Campos
- A C Camargo Hospital Biobank, A C Camargo Hospital–Antonio Prudente Foundation, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- A C Camargo Hospital Tumor Bank, A C Camargo Hospital–Antonio Prudente Foundation, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, A C Camargo Hospital–Antonio Prudente Foundation, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andre Abreu Silva
- A C Camargo Hospital Tumor Bank, A C Camargo Hospital–Antonio Prudente Foundation, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Diogo Patrão
- Biotechnology Laboratory, A C Camargo Hospital–Antonio Prudente Foundation, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo Camargo
- Biotechnology Laboratory, A C Camargo Hospital–Antonio Prudente Foundation, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Brentani
- Biotechnology Laboratory, A C Camargo Hospital–Antonio Prudente Foundation, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dirce Maria Carraro
- DNA & RNA Bank, A C Camargo Hospital–Antonio Prudente Foundation, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Renzo Brentani
- Centro Internacional de Pesquisa e Ensino—CIPE, A C Camargo Hospital–Antonio Prudente Foundation, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Soares
- A C Camargo Hospital Tumor Bank, A C Camargo Hospital–Antonio Prudente Foundation, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, A C Camargo Hospital–Antonio Prudente Foundation, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Genomic analysis: Toward a new approach in breast cancer management. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2012; 81:207-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Kim SR, Park HJ, Bae YH, Ahn SC, Wee HJ, Yun I, Jang HO, Bae MK, Bae SK. Curcumin down-regulates visfatin expression and inhibits breast cancer cell invasion. Endocrinology 2012; 153:554-63. [PMID: 22186408 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is frequently associated with breast cancer. Such associations are possibly mediated by adipokines. Visfatin, an adipokine, has recently been shown to be related to the development and progression of breast cancer. Therefore, the down-regulation of visfatin may be a novel strategy for breast cancer therapy. Curcumin has anticancer activities by modulating multiple signaling pathways and genes. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether visfatin gene expression is affected by curcumin in human breast cancer cells and to characterize the functional role of visfatin in breast cancer. We found that the mRNA and protein levels of visfatin were down-regulated by curcumin in MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and MCF-7 breast cancer cells, along with decreased activity of constitutive nuclear factor (NF)-κB. We confirmed the repressive effect of curcumin on visfatin transcription by performing a visfatin promoter-driven reporter assay and identified two putative NF-κB-binding sites on visfatin promoter that are important for this effect. EMSA and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis indicated the binding of p65 to the visfatin promoter, which was effectively blocked by curcumin. Enforced expression of p65 protein increased visfatin promoter activity, whereas blocking NF-κB signaling suppressed visfatin gene expression. Visfatin could enhance the invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells and also attenuate curcumin-induced inhibition of cell invasion; on the other hand, visfatin knockdown by small interfering RNA led to the reduction of cell invasion. Our data demonstrate, for the first time, that curcumin down-regulates visfatin gene expression in human breast cancer cells by a mechanism that is, at least in part, NF-κB dependent and suggest that visfatin may contribute to breast cancer cell invasion and link obesity to breast cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ryun Kim
- School of Dentistry, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, South Korea.
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Could serum visfatin be a potential biomarker for postmenopausal breast cancer? Maturitas 2012; 71:301-8. [PMID: 22261365 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that visfatin is significantly elevated in patients with gastric carcinoma and postmenopausal breast cancer (PBC). We thus explored whether serum visfatin could be used as a potential diagnostic and prognostic tool for PBC, taking into account clinicopathological features, serum tumor markers, anthropometric and metabolic parameters. METHODS Serum visfatin, tumor marker CA 15-3, carcinoembryonic antigen, metabolic and anthropometric parameters were determined in 103 postmenopausal women with pathologically confirmed, incident invasive breast cancer, 103 controls matched on age and time of diagnosis, and 51 patients with benign breast lesions (BBL). RESULTS Mean serum visfatin was significantly higher in cases than in controls and patients with BBL (p<0.001). In cases, visfatin was significantly associated with CA 15-3 (p=0.03), hormone-receptor status (p<0.001), lymph node invasion (p=0.06) but not with metabolic and anthropometric variables (p>0.05). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER-PR-) was the strongest significant determinant of serum visfatin (p<0.001) in cases adjusting for demographic, metabolic and clinicopathological features. Based upon receiver operator characteristic analysis, serum visfatin outperformed CA 15-3 only in discriminating between PBC cases with early cancer stage than those with late stage, and in differentiating particularly patients with ER-PR- breast tumors. CONCLUSION Further prospective and longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether serum visfatin could be used as a prognostic tool in the armamentarium of PBC monitoring and management in conjunction with other biomarkers.
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81
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Lee YC, Yang YH, Su JH, Chang HL, Hou MF, Yuan SSF. High visfatin expression in breast cancer tissue is associated with poor survival. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:1892-901. [PMID: 21784959 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocytokines, adipocyte-secreted hormones, play a critical role in breast cancer development. The expression of visfatin, a newly discovered adipocytokine, in breast cancer tissues was determined and correlated with patient clinicopathologic variables. METHODS Visfatin expression in breast cancer tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Visfatin expression was correlated with clinicopathologic variables as well as recurrence rates, using the χ(2) test. The prognostic value of visfatin for disease-free and overall survival was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier estimates, and the significance of differences between curves was evaluated by the log-rank test. RESULTS High visfatin expression in breast cancer tissues was significantly correlated with tumor size, estrogen receptor (ER) negativity, and progesterone receptor (PR) negativity. Hormone therapy, but not radiotherapy or chemotherapy, decreased the recurrence rate in patients with high visfatin expression. Whereas high visfatin expression alone was associated with poor disease-free and overall survival, worse disease-free and overall survival was observed when high visfatin expression was combined with ER- and PR-negative status. Cox regression analysis also revealed that visfatin is an independent predictor of disease-free and overall survival. CONCLUSION High visfatin expression in breast cancer tissue is associated with more malignant cancer behavior as well as poor patient survival. IMPACT Visfatin is an independent prognosis predictor for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Poly (A)+ transcriptome assessment of ERBB2-induced alterations in breast cell lines. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21022. [PMID: 21731642 PMCID: PMC3120832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first quantitative and qualitative analysis of the poly (A)+ transcriptome of two human mammary cell lines, differentially expressing (human epidermal growth factor receptor) an oncogene over-expressed in approximately 25% of human breast tumors. Full-length cDNA populations from the two cell lines were digested enzymatically, individually tagged according to a customized method for library construction, and simultaneously sequenced by the use of the Titanium 454-Roche-platform. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis followed by experimental validation confirmed novel genes, splicing variants, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and gene fusions indicated by RNA-seq data from both samples. Moreover, comparative analysis showed enrichment in alternative events, especially in the exon usage category, in ERBB2 over-expressing cells, data indicating regulation of alternative splicing mediated by the oncogene. Alterations in expression levels of genes, such as LOX, ATP5L, GALNT3, and MME revealed by large-scale sequencing were confirmed between cell lines as well as in tumor specimens with different ERBB2 backgrounds. This approach was shown to be suitable for structural, quantitative, and qualitative assessment of complex transcriptomes and revealed new events mediated by ERBB2 overexpression, in addition to potential molecular targets for breast cancer that are driven by this oncogene.
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83
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Koike Folgueira MAA, Longo Snitcovsky IM, Del Valle PR, Hirata Katayama ML, Brentani MM, da Costa Vieira RA. Transcriptional profile and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0104-4230(11)70071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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84
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Castaldi PJ, Dahabreh IJ, Ioannidis JPA. An empirical assessment of validation practices for molecular classifiers. Brief Bioinform 2011; 12:189-202. [PMID: 21300697 PMCID: PMC3088312 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbq073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proposed molecular classifiers may be overfit to idiosyncrasies of noisy genomic and proteomic data. Cross-validation methods are often used to obtain estimates of classification accuracy, but both simulations and case studies suggest that, when inappropriate methods are used, bias may ensue. Bias can be bypassed and generalizability can be tested by external (independent) validation. We evaluated 35 studies that have reported on external validation of a molecular classifier. We extracted information on study design and methodological features, and compared the performance of molecular classifiers in internal cross-validation versus external validation for 28 studies where both had been performed. We demonstrate that the majority of studies pursued cross-validation practices that are likely to overestimate classifier performance. Most studies were markedly underpowered to detect a 20% decrease in sensitivity or specificity between internal cross-validation and external validation [median power was 36% (IQR, 21-61%) and 29% (IQR, 15-65%), respectively]. The median reported classification performance for sensitivity and specificity was 94% and 98%, respectively, in cross-validation and 88% and 81% for independent validation. The relative diagnostic odds ratio was 3.26 (95% CI 2.04-5.21) for cross-validation versus independent validation. Finally, we reviewed all studies (n = 758) which cited those in our study sample, and identified only one instance of additional subsequent independent validation of these classifiers. In conclusion, these results document that many cross-validation practices employed in the literature are potentially biased and genuine progress in this field will require adoption of routine external validation of molecular classifiers, preferably in much larger studies than in current practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Castaldi
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies at Tufts Medical Center, USA
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85
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Koike Folgueira MAA, Snitcovsky IML, Valle PRD, Hirata Katayama ML, Brentani MM, Costa Vieira RAD. Perfil transcricional e resposta à quimioterapia neoadjuvante em câncer de mama. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42302011000300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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86
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Protein profiling predicts the response to anthracycline and taxanes based neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-011-5106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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87
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Perlman EJ, Grundy PE, Anderson JR, Jennings LJ, Green DM, Dome JS, Shamberger RC, Ruteshouser EC, Huff V. WT1 mutation and 11P15 loss of heterozygosity predict relapse in very low-risk wilms tumors treated with surgery alone: a children's oncology group study. J Clin Oncol 2010; 29:698-703. [PMID: 21189373 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.31.5192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Children's Oncology Group defines very low-risk Wilms tumors (VLRWT) as stage I favorable histology Wilms tumors weighing less than 550 g in children younger than 24 months of age. VLRWTs may be treated with nephrectomy alone. However, 10% to 15% of VLRWTs relapse without chemotherapy. Previous studies suggest that VLRWTs with low WT1 expression and/or 11p15 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) may have increased risk of relapse. The current study validates these findings within prospectively identified children with VLRWT who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-six VLRWTs (10 relapses) were analyzed for mutation of WT1, CTNNB1, and WTX; for 11p15 LOH using microsatellite analysis; and for H19DMR and KvDMR1 methylation. RESULTS 11p15 LOH was identified in 19 (41%) of 46 evaluable VLRWTs and was significantly associated with relapse (P < .001); 16 of 19 were isodisomic for 11p15. WT1 mutation was identified in nine (20%) of 45 evaluable VLRWTs and was significantly associated with relapse (P = .004); all nine cases also had 11p15 LOH. All evaluable tumors showing LOH by microsatellite analysis also showed LOH by methylation analysis. Retention of the normal imprinting pattern was identified in 24 of 42 evaluable tumors, and none relapsed. Loss of imprinting at 11p15 was identified in one of 42 tumors. CONCLUSION WT1 mutation and 11p15 LOH are associated with relapse in patients with VLRWTs who do not receive chemotherapy. These may provide meaningful biomarkers to stratify patients for reduced chemotherapy in the future. VLRWTs show a different incidence of WT1 mutation and 11p15 imprinting patterns than has been reported in Wilms tumors of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Perlman
- Children's Memorial Hospital, 2300 Children's Plaza, Box 17, Chicago IL 60614, USA.
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88
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Barros Filho M, Katayama M, Brentani H, Abreu A, Barbosa E, Oliveira C, Góes J, Brentani M, Folgueira M. Gene trio signatures as molecular markers to predict response to doxorubicin cyclophosphamide neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancerpatients. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 43:1225-31. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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89
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Deng ZH, Cao HQ, Hu YB, Wen JF, Zhou JH. TRX is up-regulated by fibroblast growth factor-2 in lung carcinoma. APMIS 2010; 119:57-65. [PMID: 21143527 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that exogenous fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) inhibits apoptosis of the small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line NCI-H446, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, the protein profiles of FGF-2-treated and untreated NCI-H446 cells were determined by 2-D gel electrophoresis combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and bioinformatics. Differential expression analysis of the protein profiles after FGF-2 treatment identified a total of 24 protein spots, of which nine were up-regulated and 15 were down-regulated. Four proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS: thioredoxin (TRX), visfatin, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD). Western blotting revealed that TRX was up-regulated in NCI-H446 and A549 cells treated with FGF-2. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining confirmed that both FGF-2 and TRX were overexpressed in lung cancer tissues and could be correlated with both lymph node metastasis and clinical stage. These data indicate that TRX may be involved in the FGF-2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hao Deng
- Department of Pathology, XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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90
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Marqueurs pronostiques et prédictifs de réponse aux traitements des cancers du sein. Bull Cancer 2010; 97:1297-304. [DOI: 10.1684/bdc.2010.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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91
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Haggerty TJ, Dunn IS, Rose LB, Newton EE, Martin S, Riley JL, Kurnick JT. Topoisomerase inhibitors modulate expression of melanocytic antigens and enhance T cell recognition of tumor cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 60:133-44. [PMID: 21052994 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While there are many obstacles to immune destruction of autologous tumors, there is mounting evidence that tumor antigen recognition does occur. Unfortunately, immune recognition rarely controls clinically significant tumors. Even the most effective immune response will fail if tumors fail to express target antigens. Importantly, reduced tumor antigen expression often results from changes in gene regulation rather than irrevocable loss of genetic information. Such perturbations are often reversible by specific compounds or biological mediators, prompting a search for agents with improved antigen-enhancing properties. Some recent findings have suggested that certain conventional chemotherapeutic agents may have beneficial properties for cancer treatment beyond their direct cytotoxicities against tumor cells. Accordingly, we screened an important subset of these agents, topoisomerase inhibitors, for their effects on antigen levels in tumor cells. Our analyses demonstrate upregulation of antigen expression in a variety of melanoma cell lines and gliomas in response to nanomolar levels of certain specific topoisomerase inhibitors. To demonstrate the ability of CD8+ T cells to recognize tumors, we assayed cytokine secretion in T cells transfected with T cell receptors directed against Melan-A/MART-1 antigen. Three days of daunorubicin treatment resulted in enhanced antigen expression by tumor cells, in turn inducing co-cultured antigen-specific T cells to secrete Interleukin-2 and Interferon-γ. These results demonstrate that specific topoisomerase inhibitors can augment melanoma antigen production, suggesting that a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy may be of potential value in the treatment of otherwise insensitive cancers.
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92
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Santos RPC, Benvenuti TT, Honda ST, Del Valle PR, Katayama MLH, Brentani HP, Carraro DM, Rozenchan PB, Brentani MM, de Lyra EC, Torres CH, Salzgeber MB, Kaiano JHL, Góes JCS, Folgueira MAAK. Influence of the interaction between nodal fibroblast and breast cancer cells on gene expression. Tumour Biol 2010; 32:145-57. [PMID: 20820980 PMCID: PMC3003151 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-010-0108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate the interaction between breast cancer cells and nodal fibroblasts, by means of their gene expression profile. Fibroblast primary cultures were established from negative and positive lymph nodes from breast cancer patients and a similar gene expression pattern was identified, following cell culture. Fibroblasts and breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231, MDA-MB435, and MCF7) were cultured alone or co-cultured separated by a porous membrane (which allows passage of soluble factors) for comparison. Each breast cancer lineage exerted a particular effect on fibroblasts viability and transcriptional profile. However, fibroblasts from positive and negative nodes had a parallel transcriptional behavior when co-cultured with a specific breast cancer cell line. The effects of nodal fibroblasts on breast cancer cells were also investigated. MDA MB-231 cells viability and migration were enhanced by the presence of fibroblasts and accordingly, MDA-MB435 and MCF7 cells viability followed a similar pattern. MDA-MB231 gene expression profile, as evaluated by cDNA microarray, was influenced by the fibroblasts presence, and HNMT, COMT, FN3K, and SOD2 were confirmed downregulated in MDA-MB231 co-cultured cells with fibroblasts from both negative and positive nodes, in a new series of RT-PCR assays. In summary, transcriptional changes induced in breast cancer cells by fibroblasts from positive as well as negative nodes are very much alike in a specific lineage. However, fibroblasts effects are distinct in each one of the breast cancer lineages, suggesting that the inter-relationships between stromal and malignant cells are dependent on the intrinsic subtype of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela Portilho Costa Santos
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, LIM24, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 4º andar, sala 4124, CEP: 01246-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Mallmann MR, Staratschek-Jox A, Rudlowski C, Braun M, Gaarz A, Wolfgarten M, Kuhn W, Schultze JL. Prediction and prognosis: impact of gene expression profiling in personalized treatment of breast cancer patients. EPMA J 2010. [PMID: 23199086 PMCID: PMC3405335 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-010-0044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex disease, whose heterogeneity is increasingly recognized. Despite considerable improvement in breast cancer treatment and survival, a significant proportion of patients seems to be over- or undertreated. To date, single clinicopathological parameters show limited success in predicting the likelihood of survival or response to endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. Consequently, new gene expression based prognostic and predictive tests are emerging that promise an improvement in predicting survival and therapy response. Initial evidence has emerged that this leads to allocation of fewer patients into high-risk groups allowing a reduction of chemotherapy treatment. Moreover, pattern-based approaches have also been developed to predict response to endocrine therapy or particular chemotherapy regimens. Irrespective of current pitfalls such as lack of validation and standardization, these pattern-based biomarkers will prove useful for clinical decision making in the near future, especially if more patients get access to this form of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Mallmann
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany ; LIMES (Life and Medical Sciences Bonn) Institute, Genomics and Immunoregulation, University Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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94
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Bertucci F, Borie N, Roche H, Bachelot T, Le Doussal JM, Macgrogan G, Debono S, Martinec A, Treilleux I, Finetti P, Esterni B, Extra JM, Geneve J, Hermitte F, Chabannon C, Jacquemier J, Martin AL, Longy M, Maraninchi D, Fert V, Birnbaum D, Viens P. Gene expression profile predicts outcome after anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 127:363-73. [PMID: 20585850 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-1003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prognosis of early beast cancer is heterogeneous. Today, no histoclinical or biological factor predictive for clinical outcome after adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy (CT) has been validated and introduced in routine use. Using DNA microarrays, we searched for a gene expression signature associated with metastatic relapse after adjuvant anthracycline-based CT without taxane. We profiled a multicentric series of 595 breast cancers including 498 treated with such adjuvant CT. The identification of the prognostic signature was done using a metagene-based supervised approach in a learning set of 323 patients. The signature was then tested on an independent validation set comprising 175 similarly treated patients, 128 of them from the PACS01 prospective clinical trial. We identified a 3-metagene predictor of metastatic relapse in the learning set, and confirmed its independent prognostic impact in the validation set. In multivariate analysis, the predictor outperformed the individual current prognostic factors, as well as the Nottingham Prognostic Index-based classifier, both in the learning and the validation sets, and added independent prognostic information. Among the patients treated with adjuvant anthracycline-based CT, with a median follow-up of 68 months, the 5-year metastasis-free survival was 82% in the "good-prognosis" group and 56% in the "poor-prognosis" group. Our predictor refines the prediction of metastasis-free survival after adjuvant anthracycline-based CT and might help tailoring adjuvant CT regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bertucci
- Département d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, UMR891 Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France.
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95
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Frati A, Lesieur B, Benbara A, Bezu C, Uzan S, Rouzier R, Coutant C. [Clinicopathological and genomics predictors of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 38:475-80. [PMID: 20579923 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a frequent and heterogeneous disease. The choice of systemic treatments such as chemotherapy is based on predicting factors of response that did not much evolve. Preoperative chemotherapy provides an opportunity to directly assess tumor response to therapy. Predictors based on mathematical models could optimize those treatments. To go on this way, three different concepts have been developed to predict the preoperative chemotherapy complete response. Predictors based on clinical and pathological variables are specific of a tumor. They combine into mathematical models variables that have been previously identified as predicting the preoperative chemotherapy complete response. Predictors based on gene expression profile have been developed from groups of patients who received preoperative chemotherapy. They integrate multigene information to predict the tumor behaviour in front of several cytotoxic agents. Those predictors developed for each type of drug characterize the genetic chemoresistance of a tumor. In the same time, predictors of chemosensitivity developed from cell lines of diverse human cancer appeared. The authors established a genetic profile involved into chemoresistance and extrapolated the drug sensitivity for another type of cancer which was not represented, as breast cancer. All those predictors seem interesting but evolution of patients' characteristics and treatments induces a perpetual reassessment to optimize our predictive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Frati
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique et médecine de la reproduction, CancerEst, hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie Paris-6, Paris, France
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96
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Tan SH, Lee SC. Clinical implications of chemotherapy-induced tumor gene expression in human breast cancers. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:283-306. [PMID: 20163320 DOI: 10.1517/17425250903510611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD There has been much interest in generating gene signatures to predict treatment response in breast cancer. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW There are at least 15 published studies that describe baseline tumor gene signatures predicting chemotherapy sensitivity. As an extension of these baseline studies, there have been at least 8 published studies evaluating chemotherapy-induced tumor genomic changes over time in human breast cancers. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Studies on chemotherapy-induced gene expression changes were reviewed in detail. Drug-induced biological changes within the tumor shed light on mechanisms of drug resistance and provided valuable insights regarding genes and pathways that were regulated by different drugs, including therapeutic targets that could be exploited to overcome resistance. One study also suggested post-chemotherapy gene signatures to be more predictive of response and survival than the unchallenged baseline signatures. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Studies on chemotherapy-induced changes, although informative, are logistically demanding to execute, often with significant attrition of collected samples resulting in small datasets. They are further limited by heterogeneity of study population, chemotherapy regimens used, timing of the post-therapy sample and definition of response endpoint, making cross-comparisons of studies and data interpretation difficult. Future studies should address these limitations, and should involve larger sample sets and prospective studies for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing-Huang Tan
- National University Health System, Department of Haematology-Oncology, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore
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97
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Knauer M, Mook S, Rutgers EJT, Bender RA, Hauptmann M, van de Vijver MJ, Koornstra RHT, Bueno-de-Mesquita JM, Linn SC, van 't Veer LJ. The predictive value of the 70-gene signature for adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 120:655-61. [PMID: 20204499 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-0814-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multigene assays have been developed and validated to determine the prognosis of breast cancer. In this study, we assessed the additional predictive value of the 70-gene MammaPrint signature for chemotherapy (CT) benefit in addition to endocrine therapy (ET) from pooled study series. For 541 patients who received either ET (n = 315) or ET + CT (n = 226), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and distant disease-free survival (DDFS) at 5 years were assessed separately for the 70-gene high and low risk groups. The 70-gene signature classified 252 patients (47%) as low risk and 289 (53%) as high risk. Within the 70-gene low risk group, BCSS was 97% for the ET group and 99% for the ET + CT group at 5 years with a non-significant univariate hazard ratio (HR) of 0.58 (95% CI 0.07-4.98; P = 0.62). In the 70-gene high risk group, BCSS was 81% (ET group) and 94% (ET + CT group) at 5 years with a significant HR of 0.21 (95% CI 0.07-0.59; P < 0.01). DDFS was 93% (ET) versus 99% (ET + CT), respectively, in the 70-gene low risk group, HR 0.26 (95% CI 0.03-2.02; P = 0.20). In the high risk group DDFS was 76 versus 88%, HR of 0.35 (95% CI 0.17-0.71; P < 0.01). Results were similar in multivariate analysis, showing significant survival benefit by adding CT in the 70-gene high risk group. A significant and clinically meaningful benefit was observed by adding chemotherapy to endocrine treatment in 70-gene high risk patients. This benefit was not significant in low risk patients, who were at such low risk for recurrence and cancer-related death, that adding CT does not appear to be clinically meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Knauer
- Division of Diagnostic Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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98
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Munkácsy G, Abdul-Ghani R, Mihály Z, Tegze B, Tchernitsa O, Surowiak P, Schäfer R, Györffy B. PSMB7 is associated with anthracycline resistance and is a prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2010; 102:361-8. [PMID: 20010949 PMCID: PMC2816652 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date individual markers have failed to correctly predict resistance against anticancer agents in breast cancer. We used gene expression patterns attributable to chemotherapy-resistant cells to detect potential new biomarkers related to anthracycline resistance. One of the genes, PSMB7, was selected for further functional studies and clinical validation. METHODS We contrasted the expression profiles of four pairs of different human tumour cell lines and of their counterparts resistant to doxorubicin. Observed overexpression of PSMB7 in resistant cell lines was validated by immunohistochemistry. To examine its function in chemoresistance, we silenced the gene by RNA interference (RNAi) in doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cells, then cell vitality was measured after doxorubicin treatment. Microarray gene expression from GEO raw microarray samples with available progression-free survival data was downloaded, and expression of PSMB7 was used for grouping samples. RESULTS After doxorubicin treatment, 79.8+/-13.3% of resistant cells survived. Silencing of PSMB7 in resistant cells decreased survival to 31.8+/-6.4% (P>0.001). A similar effect was observed after paclitaxel treatment. In 1592 microarray samples, the patients with high PSMB7 expression had a significantly shorter survival than the patients with low expression (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that high PSMB7 expression is an unfavourable prognostic marker in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Munkácsy
- Joint Research Laboratory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Semmelweis University 1st Department of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - R Abdul-Ghani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Z Mihály
- Joint Research Laboratory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Semmelweis University 1st Department of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - B Tegze
- Joint Research Laboratory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Semmelweis University 1st Department of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - O Tchernitsa
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Surowiak
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Chair and Department of Histology and Embryology, University School of Medicine, Wrocław, Poland
| | - R Schäfer
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Györffy
- Joint Research Laboratory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Semmelweis University, Semmelweis University 1st Department of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
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99
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Patel ST, Mistry T, Brown JEP, Digby JE, Adya R, Desai KM, Randeva HS. A novel role for the adipokine visfatin/pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor 1 in prostate carcinogenesis. Peptides 2010; 31:51-7. [PMID: 19819277 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is now well established as an endocrine organ and multiple hormones termed 'adipokines' are released from it. With the rapidly increasing obese population and the increased risk mortality from prostate cancer within the obese population we looked to investigate the role of the adipokine visfatin in LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines. Using immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry we demonstrate visfatin expression in LNCaP (androgen-sensitive) and PC3 (androgen-insensitive) human prostate cancer cell lines as well as human prostate cancer tissue. Additionally, we show that visfatin increases PC3 cell proliferation and demonstrate the activation of the MAPKs ERK-1/2 and p38. Moreover we also demonstrate that visfatin promotes the expression and activity of MMP-2/9 which are important proteases involved in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix, suggesting a possible role for visfatin in prostate cancer metastases. These data suggest a contributory and multifunctional role for visfatin in prostate cancer progression, with particular relevance and emphasis in an obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal T Patel
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Group, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
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100
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A gene expression signature that predicts the therapeutic response of the basal-like breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 123:691-9. [PMID: 19967557 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several gene expression profiles have been reported to predict breast cancer response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These studies often consider breast cancer as a homogeneous entity, although higher rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) are known to occur within the basal-like subclass. We postulated that profiles with higher predictive accuracy could be derived from a subset analysis of basal-like tumors in isolation. Using a previously described "intrinsic" signature to differentiate breast tumor subclasses, we identified 50 basal-like tumors from two independent clinical trials associated with gene expression profile data. 24 tumor data sets were derived from a 119-patient neoadjuvant trial at our institution and an additional 26 tumor data sets were identified from a published data set (Hess et al. J Clin Oncol 24:4236-4244, 2006). The combined 50 basal-like tumors were partitioned to form a 37 sample training set with 13 sequestered for validation. Clinical surveillance occurred for a mean of 26 months. We identified a 23-gene profile which predicted pCR in basal-like breast cancers with 92% predictive accuracy in the sequestered validation data set. Furthermore, distinct cluster of patients with high rates of cancer recurrence was observed based on cluster analysis with the 23-gene signature. Disease-free survival analysis of these three clusters revealed significantly reduced survival in the patients of this high recurrence cluster. We identified a 23-gene signature which predicts response of basal-like breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy as well as disease-free survival. This signature is independent of tissue collection method and chemotherapeutic regimen.
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