51
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Roh YG, Mun MH, Jeong MS, Kim WT, Lee SR, Chung JW, Kim SI, Kim TN, Nam JK, Leem SH. Drug resistance of bladder cancer cells through activation of ABCG2 by FOXM1. BMB Rep 2018; 51:98-103. [PMID: 29397866 PMCID: PMC5836564 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.2.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence is a serious problem in patients with bladder cancer. The hypothesis for recurrence was that the proliferation of drug-resistant cells was reported, and this study focused on drug resistance due to drug efflux. Previous studies have identified FOXM1 as the key gene for recurrence. We found that FOXM1 inhibition decreased drug efflux activity and increased sensitivity to Doxorubicin. Therefore, we examined whether the expression of ABC transporter gene related to drug efflux is regulated by FOXM1. As a result, ABCG2, one of the genes involved in drug efflux, has been identified as a new target for FOXM1. We also demonstrated direct transcriptional regulation of ABCG2 by FOXM1 using ChIP assay. Consequently, in the presence of the drug, FOXM1 is proposed to directly activate ABCG2 to increase the drug efflux activation and drug resistance, thereby involving chemoresistance of bladder cancer cells. Therefore, we suggest that FOXM1 and ABCG2 may be useful targets and important parameters in the treatment of bladder cancer. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(2): 98-103].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Gil Roh
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Mi-Hye Mun
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Mi-So Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Won-Tae Kim
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Se-Ra Lee
- Division of Drug Development & Optimization, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation (KBio), Chungbuk 28160, Korea
| | - Jin-Woong Chung
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Drug & Disease Target Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133; Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Tae Nam Kim
- Department of Urology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - Jong Kil Nam
- Department of Urology, Research Institute for Convergence of Biochemical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
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Schafer JR, Salzillo TC, Chakravarti N, Kararoudi MN, Trikha P, Foltz JA, Wang R, Li S, Lee DA. Education-dependent activation of glycolysis promotes the cytolytic potency of licensed human natural killer cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 143:346-358.e6. [PMID: 30096390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism by which natural killer (NK) cell education results in licensed NK cells with heightened effector function against missing self-targets is not known. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify potential mechanisms of enhanced function in licensed human NK cells. METHODS We used expanded human NK cells from killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)/HLA-genotyped donors sorted for single-KIR+ cells to generate pure populations of licensed and unlicensed NK cells. We performed proteomic and gene expression analysis of these cells before and after receptor cross-linking and performed functional and metabolic analysis before and after interference with selected metabolic pathways. We verified key findings using freshly isolated and sorted NK cells from peripheral blood. RESULTS We confirmed that licensed human NK cells are greater in number in peripheral blood and proliferate more in vitro than unlicensed NK cells. Using high-throughput protein analysis, we found that unstimulated licensed NK cells have increased expression of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme M2 and after KIR cross-linking have increased phosphorylation of the metabolic modulators p38-α and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α. After cytokine expansion and activation, unlicensed NK cells depended solely on mitochondrial respiration for cytolytic function, whereas licensed NK cells demonstrated metabolic reprogramming toward glycolysis and mitochondrial-dependent glutaminolysis, leading to accumulation of glycolytic metabolites and depletion of glutamate. As such, blocking both glycolysis and mitochondrial-dependent respiration was required to suppress the cytotoxicity of licensed NK cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data support an arming model of education in which enhanced glycolysis in licensed NK cells supports proliferative and cytotoxic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolie R Schafer
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center-UT Health, Houston, Tex; Departments of Pediatrics Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Travis C Salzillo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center-UT Health, Houston, Tex; Cancer Systems Imaging Houston, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Nitin Chakravarti
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Meisam Naeimi Kararoudi
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Prashant Trikha
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jennifer A Foltz
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shulin Li
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center-UT Health, Houston, Tex; Departments of Pediatrics Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex
| | - Dean A Lee
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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53
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O'Regan RM, Nahta R. Targeting forkhead box M1 transcription factor in breast cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 154:407-413. [PMID: 29859987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer continues to be the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and second most common cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the United States. Improved understanding of the molecular heterogeneity of breast tumors and the approval of multiple targeted therapies have revolutionized the treatment landscape and long-term survival rates for patients with breast cancer. Despite the development of highly effective targeted agents, drug resistance and disease progression remain major clinical concerns. Improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms mediating drug resistance will allow new treatments to be developed. The forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) transcription factor is overexpressed in breast cancer and strongly associated with resistance to targeted therapies and chemotherapy. FoxM1 regulates all hallmarks of cancer, including proliferation, mitosis, EMT, invasion, and metastasis. Inhibition of FoxM1 transcription factor function is a potential strategy for overcoming breast cancer progression. In this research update, we review the role of FoxM1 in breast cancer and pharmacological approaches for blocking FoxM1 transcription factor function. Future preclinical studies should evaluate combination drug strategies to inhibit FoxM1 function and upstream kinase signaling pathways as potential strategies to treat resistant and metastatic breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M O'Regan
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, United States
| | - Rita Nahta
- Departments of Pharmacology and Hematology & Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, United States.
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54
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Rinaldetti S, Wirtz RM, Worst TS, Eckstein M, Weiss CA, Breyer J, Otto W, Bolenz C, Hartmann A, Erben P. FOXM1 predicts overall and disease specific survival in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma and presents a differential expression between bladder cancer subtypes. Oncotarget 2018; 8:47595-47606. [PMID: 28498805 PMCID: PMC5564590 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a late cell cycle gene that plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. In this study, the impact of FOXM1 expression on patient outcome was investigated for the first time in formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples of chemotherapy naïve muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients. Expression analyses were performed on the Mannheim cohort (n=84) and validated on the independent Chungbuk cohort (n=61). In a Cox’ proportional hazards model, a distinct FOXM1 expression cut-off dividing both cohorts in a ‘high-risk’ and ‘low-risk’ group has been determined. Multivariate analyses showed that FOXM1 is an independent risk factor for outcome prediction superior to the TNM system. The FOXM1 ‘high-risk’ group had a 4- to 7-fold increased risk of death (p<0.03) and presented further an overexpression of MKI67. Recent studies showed that MIBCs can be subclassified in breast cancer-like subtypes: basal, luminal and p53-like. Here we demonstrated that FOXM1 was differentially expressed between MIBC subtypes concordant to its subtype specific expression in breast cancer. Since the proto-oncogene FOXM1 is known to play an important role in cisplatin resistance and to be a promising drug target, this study supports FOXM1 as a crucial biomarker in the personalization of MIBC therapy and urges prospective translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Rinaldetti
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Stefan Worst
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cleo Aaron Weiss
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Breyer
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Otto
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Erben
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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55
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Yang YF, Pan YH, Cao Y, Fu J, Yang X, Zhang MF, Tian QH. PDZ binding kinase, regulated by FoxM1, enhances malignant phenotype via activation of β-Catenin signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:47195-47205. [PMID: 28525379 PMCID: PMC5564556 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of serine/threonine kinase contributes to the development and progression of human diseases. PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) has been implicated in the malignant process of cancers, but its role and clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Here we show that PBK expression is increased and associated with larger tumor size, presence of vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis and poor overall and disease-free survivals in two independent cohorts of 879 patients with HCC. In vitro and in vivo data demonstrate PBK exerts oncogenic functions in HCC via activation of β-Catenin signaling pathway. The inhibition of β-Catenin by siRNAs or XAV-939 significantly attenuates PBK-mediated malignant phenotypes. PBK is further identified as a downstream effector of FoxM1. In clinical samples, PBK expression is positively correlated with the expression of FoxM1 and nuclear β-Catenin. Collectively, these findings suggest PBK functions as an oncogene in HCC and the newly identified FoxM1/PBK/β-Catenin axis serves as a promising prognostic factor as well as therapeutic intervention for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Yang
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Ying-Hua Pan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Cao
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Fu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Tian
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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56
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Nicolau-Neto P, Palumbo A, De Martino M, Esposito F, de Almeida Simão T, Fusco A, Nasciutti LE, Meireles Da Costa N, Ribeiro Pinto LF. UBE2C Is a Transcriptional Target of the Cell Cycle Regulator FOXM1. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040188. [PMID: 29596365 PMCID: PMC5924530 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXM1 (forkhead box protein M1) is a transcription factor that participates in all stages of tumor development, mainly through the control of cell cycle and proliferation, regulating the expression of genes involved in G1/S and G2/M transition and M phase progression. The ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 (UBE2C) is a member of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome, promoting the degradation of several target proteins along cell cycle progression, during metaphase/anaphase transition. FOXM1 and UBE2C have been found overexpressed in a wide range of different solid tumors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether UBE2C is a transcriptional target of FOXM1, using esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as a model, in addition to several cancer-deposited data. Our results show that FOXM1 and UBE2C expression present a positive correlation in normal tissues and in 25 distinct tumor types, including ESCC, where these genes are overexpressed. Moreover, FOXM1 binds to UBE2C promoter region in ESCC cell line and transcriptionally activates it, leading to UBE2C upregulation. In conclusion, this study provides evidences that FOXM1 transcriptionally regulates UBE2C expression in ESCC and their deregulation may be a general phenomenon in human neoplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Nicolau-Neto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua Andre Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Palumbo
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Prédio de Ciências da Saúde-Ilha do Fundão, A. Carlos Chagas, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marco De Martino
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Esposito
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Tatiana de Almeida Simão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro 87, Fundos, Pavilhão Américo Piquet Carneiro-4° Andar, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Prédio de Ciências da Saúde-Ilha do Fundão, A. Carlos Chagas, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia Meireles Da Costa
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua Andre Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua Andre Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro 87, Fundos, Pavilhão Américo Piquet Carneiro-4° Andar, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil.
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57
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Zhao L, Wang X, Yu Y, Deng L, Chen L, Peng X, Jiao C, Gao G, Tan X, Pan W, Ge X, Wang P. OTUB1 protein suppresses mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity by deubiquitinating the mTORC1 inhibitor DEPTOR. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4883-4892. [PMID: 29382726 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates various environmental signals to regulate cell growth and metabolism. DEPTOR, also termed DEPDC6, is an endogenous inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities. The abundance of DEPTOR centrally orchestrates the mTOR signaling network. However, the mechanisms by which DEPTOR stability is regulated are still elusive. Here, we report that OTU domain-containing ubiquitin aldehyde-binding protein 1 (OTUB1) specifically deubiquitinates DEPTOR in a deubiquitination assay. We found that OTUB1 directly interacted with DEPTOR via its N-terminal domain, deubiquitinated DEPTOR, and thereby stabilized DEPTOR in a Cys-91-independent but Asp-88-dependent manner, suggesting that OTUB1 targets DEPTOR for deubiquitination via a deubiquitinase activity-independent non-canonical mechanism. The interaction between OTUB1 and DEPTOR was enhanced when the cells were treated with amino acids. Moreover, OTUB1 suppressed amino acid-induced activation of mTORC1 in a DEPTOR-dependent manner and thereby ultimately controlled cellular autophagy, cell proliferation, and size. Our findings reveal a mechanism that stabilizes the mTORC1 inhibitor DEPTOR via OTUB1's deubiquitinase activity. Our insights may inform research into various mTOR activity-related diseases, such as cancer, and may contribute to the identification of new diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies for cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xinbo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lu Deng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chenchen Jiao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guoli Gao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Weijuan Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Kelleher FC, O'Sullivan H. FOXM1 in sarcoma: role in cell cycle, pluripotency genes and stem cell pathways. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42792-42804. [PMID: 27074562 PMCID: PMC5173172 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXM1 is a pro-proliferative transcription factor that promotes cell cycle progression at the G1-S, and G2-M transitions. It is activated by phosphorylation usually mediated by successive cyclin – cyclin dependent kinase complexes, and is highly expressed in sarcoma. p53 down regulates FOXM1 and FOXM1 inhibition is also partly dependent on Rb and p21. Abnormalities of p53 or Rb are frequent in sporadic sarcomas with bone or soft tissue sarcoma, accounting for 36% of index cancers in the high penetrance TP53 germline disorder, Li-Fraumeni syndrome. FOXM1 stimulates transcription of pluripotency related genes including SOX2, KLF4, OCT4, and NANOG many of which are important in sarcoma, a disorder of mesenchymal stem cell/ partially committed progenitor cells. In a selected specific, SOX2 is uniformly expressed in synovial sarcoma. Embryonic pathways preferentially used in stem cell such as Hippo, Hedgehog, and Wnt dominate in FOXM1 stoichiometry to alter rates of FOXM1 production or degradation. In undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, liposarcoma, and fibrosarcoma, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway increases expression of the effector co-transcriptional activator Yes-Associated Protein (YAP). A complex involving YAP and the transcription factor TEAD elevates FOXM1 in these sarcoma subtypes. In another scenario 80% of desmoid tumors have nuclear localization of β-catenin, the Wnt pathway effector molecule. Thiazole antibiotics inhibit FOXM1 and because they have an auto-regulator loop FOXM1 expression is also inhibited. Current systemic treatment of sarcoma is of limited efficacy and inhibiting FOXM1 represents a potential new strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergal C Kelleher
- St. James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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59
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Li T, Ma J, Han X, Jia Y, Yuan H, Shui S, Guo D. MicroRNA-320 Enhances Radiosensitivity of Glioma Through Down-Regulation of Sirtuin Type 1 by Directly Targeting Forkhead Box Protein M1. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:205-212. [PMID: 29331678 PMCID: PMC5772006 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common cancer in human brain system and seriously threatens human health. miRNA-320 has been demonstrated to be closely correlated with the development of glioma. However, its effect and molecular mechanism underlying radioresistance have not been fully elucidated in glioma. Here, RT-qPCR assay was used to assess the expressions of miR-320 and forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1) mRNA in glioma tumor tissues and cells. The effects of miR-320, FoxM1 and sirtuin type 1 (Sirt1) on radiosensitivity in glioma cells were evaluated by clone formation assay, apoptosis assay, histone H2AX phosphorylation level (γH2AX) detection and caspase 3 activity analysis, respectively. The direct interaction between miR-320 and FoxM1 was detected by luciferase assay. The protein levels of FoxM1, Sirt1 and γH2AX were measured by western blot assay. We found that miR-320 expression was down-regulated and FoxM1 expression was up-regulated in radioresistant glioma tissues and IR-treated glioma cells. miR-320 overexpression dramatically enhanced radiosensitivity, promoted apoptosis, and improved γH2AX expression and caspase 3 activity in glioma cells. Luciferase reporter assay and western blot assay further validated that miR-320 suppressed FoxM1 expression by directly targeting 3' UTR region of FoxM1. Moreover, miR-320 inhibited Sirt1 expression via targeting FoxM1 in glioma cells. Furthermore, overexpression of FoxM1 and Sirt1 strikingly attenuated miR-320-induced increase of radiosensitivity, apoptosis and γH2AX expression in glioma cells. In conclusion, miR-320 enhanced radiosensitivity of glioma cells through down-regulation of Sirt1 by directly targeting FoxM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China; Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Ji Ma
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China; Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China; Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China.
| | - Yongxu Jia
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Huifeng Yuan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China; Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Shaofeng Shui
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China; Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China; Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
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Wang Y, Zhou X, Xu M, Weng W, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Wei P, Du X. OTUB1-catalyzed deubiquitination of FOXM1 facilitates tumor progression and predicts a poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:36681-36697. [PMID: 27167337 PMCID: PMC5095031 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is essential for regulation of cell physiology, protein stability, and signal transduction [1]. Its dysregulation is an important factor in many diseases, including cancer. We explored the potential OTUB1-catalyzed deubiquitination of FOXM1, a transcription factor linked to carcinogenesis, and the biological consequence of that interaction in ovarian cancer. We found that FOXM1 is ubiquitinated by multiple polyUb chains and targeted for proteosomal degradation in a reaction dependent on its ubiquitination-required KEN box. Additionally, the OTUB1 N-terminus and catalytic triad bind to FOXM1, specifically catalyzing cleavage of the K48-specific ubiquitin linkage from FOXM1. Moreover, OTUB1-FOXM1 interaction drives tumor progression and OTUB1 expression predicts a poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Our study suggests that inhibiting OTUB1-FOXM1 interaction is a potential new avenue for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200044, China
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200044, China
| | - Midie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiwei Weng
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiongyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yusi Yang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang Du
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Yao S, Fan LYN, Lam EWF. The FOXO3-FOXM1 axis: A key cancer drug target and a modulator of cancer drug resistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 50:77-89. [PMID: 29180117 PMCID: PMC6565931 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The FOXO3 and FOXM1 forkhead box transcription factors, functioning downstream of the essential PI3K-Akt, Ras-ERK and JNK/p38MAPK signalling cascades, are crucial for cell proliferation, differentiation, cell survival, senescence, DNA damage repair and cell cycle control. The development of resistance to both conventional and newly emerged molecularly targeted therapies is a major challenge confronting current cancer treatment in the clinic. Intriguingly, the mechanisms of resistance to ‘classical’ cytotoxic chemotherapeutics and to molecularly targeted therapies are invariably linked to deregulated signalling through the FOXO3 and FOXM1 transcription factors. This is owing to the involvement of FOXO3 and FOXM1 in the regulation of genes linked to crucial drug action-related cellular processes, including stem cell renewal, DNA repair, cell survival, drug efflux, and deregulated mitosis. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating the FOXO3-FOXM1 axis, as well as their downstream transcriptional targets and functions, may render these proteins reliable and early diagnostic/prognostic factors as well as crucial therapeutic targets for cancer treatment and importantly, for overcoming chemotherapeutic drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Yao
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lavender Yuen-Nam Fan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eric Wing-Fai Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Lemieux S, Sargeant T, Laperrière D, Ismail H, Boucher G, Rozendaal M, Lavallée VP, Ashton-Beaucage D, Wilhelm B, Hébert J, Hilton DJ, Mader S, Sauvageau G. MiSTIC, an integrated platform for the analysis of heterogeneity in large tumour transcriptome datasets. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:e122. [PMID: 28472340 PMCID: PMC5570030 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide transcriptome profiling has enabled non-supervised classification of tumours, revealing different sub-groups characterized by specific gene expression features. However, the biological significance of these subtypes remains for the most part unclear. We describe herein an interactive platform, Minimum Spanning Trees Inferred Clustering (MiSTIC), that integrates the direct visualization and comparison of the gene correlation structure between datasets, the analysis of the molecular causes underlying co-variations in gene expression in cancer samples, and the clinical annotation of tumour sets defined by the combined expression of selected biomarkers. We have used MiSTIC to highlight the roles of specific transcription factors in breast cancer subtype specification, to compare the aspects of tumour heterogeneity targeted by different prognostic signatures, and to highlight biomarker interactions in AML. A version of MiSTIC preloaded with datasets described herein can be accessed through a public web server (http://mistic.iric.ca); in addition, the MiSTIC software package can be obtained (github.com/iric-soft/MiSTIC) for local use with personalized datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Lemieux
- The Leucegene project, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Computer science and operation research, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Tobias Sargeant
- The Leucegene project, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Division of Molecular Medicine, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David Laperrière
- The Leucegene project, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Houssam Ismail
- The Leucegene project, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Geneviève Boucher
- The Leucegene project, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marieke Rozendaal
- The Leucegene project, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Vincent-Philippe Lavallée
- The Leucegene project, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Dariel Ashton-Beaucage
- The Leucegene project, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Brian Wilhelm
- The Leucegene project, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Josée Hébert
- The Leucegene project, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Division of Hematology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada.,Leukemia Cell Bank of Quebec, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Douglas J Hilton
- Division of Molecular Medicine, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3050, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sylvie Mader
- The Leucegene project, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- The Leucegene project, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Division of Hematology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada.,Leukemia Cell Bank of Quebec, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Ni Q, Chen J, Li X, Xu X, Zhang N, Zhou A, Zhou B, Lu Q, Chen Z. Expression of OTUB1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its effects on HCC cell migration and invasion. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:680-688. [PMID: 28575188 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OTUB1 (OTU domain-containing ubiquitin aldehyde binding protein 1) is a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) that belongs to the ovarian tumor (OTU) domain protease superfamily. Although it has been demonstrated to play important roles in the development of many kinds of cancer, the mechanism of OTUB1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not clear. The aim of this study was to explore the roles of OTUB1 in HCC progression using cell lines and 115 archived HCC samples. In addition, the clinical outcomes were also analyzed with a special focus on OTUB1 expression in HCC samples. In the immunohistochemical study, OTUB1 showed high expression in 60 of the 115 cases (52.2%). The OTUB1 expression level was significantly correlated with many clinicopathological parameters, including TNM stage (P = 0.002), histology stage (P = 0.002), and metastasis/recurrence (P = 0.016). Survival analysis showed that the group with OTUB1 overexpression had significantly shorter overall survival time than the group with OTUB1 downregulation (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.482; confidence interval [CI]: 0.311-0.748; P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that OTUB1 expression was a significant and independent prognostic parameter (HR = 0.214; CI: 0.126-0.364; P < 0.001) for HCC patients. The ability of HCC cells to undergo proliferation, migration, and invasion was suppressed by disruption of endogenous OTUB1 using short hairpin RNA (shRNA). OTUB1 expression appears to be a new and independent predictor for the prognosis of HCC patients. Overexpression of OTUB1 in HCC could be a novel, effective, and supplementary biomarker for HCC because it plays a vital role in the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggan Ni
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Research Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Research Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Research Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ang Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Research Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Research Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Research Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Research Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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64
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Fenner F, Goody D, Protzel C, Erbersdobler A, Richter C, Hartz JM, Naumann CM, Kalthoff H, Herchenröder O, Hakenberg OW, Pützer BM. E2F1 Signalling is Predictive of Chemoresistance and Lymphogenic Metastasis in Penile Cancer: A Pilot Functional Study Reveals New Prognostic Biomarkers. Eur Urol Focus 2017; 4:599-607. [PMID: 28753861 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For penile cancer (PC) there are no known molecular predictors of lymphatic spread and/or chemoresistance. OBJECTIVE To identify functional biomarkers that can predict malignant progression and treatment responsiveness. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We used four patient-derived PC cell lines and measured invasion and capillary tube formation, chemoresponsiveness, and mRNA and protein expression. Data were further validated in E2F1 transcription factor knockdown and overexpression experiments. We quantified E2F1 transcript levels in a set of nonmetastatic tumours (NM), metastasised primary tumours (PT), and lymph node metastases (M) from 24 patients. E2F1 immunohistochemistry was performed in another set of 13 PC biopsies. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Relationships between different parameters were analysed using Student t tests. Transcript levels in patient samples were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests. Significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS In cell lines established from lymph node metastases, E2F1 was more abundantly expressed, pRB was inactivated, and CDK2, CDK4, and cyclins D and E were elevated in comparison to cells from primary PC. Overexpression of E2F1 enhanced migratory capacity and lymphatic endothelial tubule formation, while depletion reduced invasiveness and increased chemosensitivity. VEGFR-3 and VEGF-C and mesenchymal markers were upregulated by high E2F1. E2F1 was clearly upregulated in infiltrative and metastatic primary tumours and metastases (NM vs PT, p<0.05; NM vs M, p<0.0005). E2F1 Quick scores increased from grade I to grade III tumours. A limitation of the study is the small number of patients. CONCLUSIONS E2F1 is a driver of invasion and lymphatic dissemination and promotes chemoresistance. E2F1-related biomarkers might assist in stratifying PC patients for different treatment regimens. PATIENT SUMMARY The availability of penile cancer cell lines allows molecular research on the mechanisms underlying metastasis and chemotherapy. A critical pathway involved in both features has been identified and may lead to better patient stratification for treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Fenner
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany; Urology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Deborah Goody
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Chris Protzel
- Urology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Christin Richter
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Juliane M Hartz
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | - Carsten M Naumann
- Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Holger Kalthoff
- Division Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Cancer Centre North, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ottmar Herchenröder
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Brigitte M Pützer
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany.
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65
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Song X, Fiati Kenston SS, Zhao J, Yang D, Gu Y. Roles of FoxM1 in cell regulation and breast cancer targeting therapy. Med Oncol 2017; 34:41. [PMID: 28176242 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) is an oncogenic transcription factor involved in a wide variety of cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, proliferation, differentiation, migration, metabolism and DNA damage response. It is overexpressed in many human cancers, especially in breast cancers. Posttranslational modifications are known to play an important role in regulating the expression and transcriptional activity of FoxM1. In this review, we characterize the posttranslational modifications of FoxM1, summarize modifications of FoxM1 by different kinases, explore the relationship between the different sites of modifications and comprehensively describe how posttranslational modifications to regulate the function of FoxM1 by changing protein stability, nucleus localization and transcriptional activity. Additionally, we systematically summarize the roles of FoxM1 in breast cancer occurrence, therapy and drug resistance. The purpose of this paper tries to give a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of FoxM1 in cell regulation and highlights potential of a new method for breast cancer therapy by targeting FoxM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Song
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Samuel Selorm Fiati Kenston
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Danting Yang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanliang Gu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathological and Physiological Technology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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FOXM1 recruits nuclear Aurora kinase A to participate in a positive feedback loop essential for the self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells. Oncogene 2017; 36:3428-3440. [PMID: 28114286 PMCID: PMC5485180 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidence suggests that breast cancer initiation, recurrence and drug resistance is supported by breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Recently, we reported a novel role of Aurora kinase A (AURKA) in BCSCs, as a transactivating co-factor in the induction of the c-Myc oncoprotein. However, the mode of action and transcriptional network of nuclear AURKA in BCSCs remain unknown. Here, we report that nuclear AURKA can be recruited by Forkhead box subclass M1 (FOXM1) as a co-factor to transactivate FOXM1 target genes in a kinase-independent manner. In addition, we show that AURKA and FOXM1 participate in a tightly coupled positive feedback loop to enhance BCSC phenotype. Indeed, kinase-dead AURKA can effectively transactivate the FOXM1 promoter through a Forkhead response element, whereas FOXM1 can activate AURKA expression at the transcriptional level in a similar manner. Consistently, breast cancer patient samples portrayed a strong and significant correlation between the expression levels of FOXM1 and AURKA. Moreover, both FOXM1 and AURKA were essential for maintaining the BCSC population. Finally, we demonstrated that the AURKA inhibitor AKI603 and FOXM1 inhibitor thiostrepton acted synergistically to inhibit cytoplasmic AURKA activity and disrupt the nuclear AURKA/FOXM1-positive feedback loop, respectively, resulting in a more effective inhibition of the tumorigenicity and self-renewal ability of BCSCs. Collectively, our study uncovers a previously unknown tightly coupled positive feedback signalling loop between AURKA and FOXM1, crucial for BCSC self-renewal. Remarkably, our data reveal a novel potential therapeutic strategy for targeting both the cytoplasmic and nuclear AURKA function to effectively eliminate BCSCs, so as to overcome both breast cancer and drug resistance.
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67
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Nestal de Moraes G, Bella L, Zona S, Burton MJ, Lam EWF. Insights into a Critical Role of the FOXO3a-FOXM1 Axis in DNA Damage Response and Genotoxic Drug Resistance. Curr Drug Targets 2016; 17:164-77. [PMID: 25418858 PMCID: PMC5403963 DOI: 10.2174/1389450115666141122211549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
FOXO3a and FOXM1 are two forkhead transcription factors with antagonistic roles in cancer and DNA damage response. FOXO3a functions like a typical tumour suppressor, whereas FOXM1 is a potent oncogene aberrantly overexpressed in genotoxic resistant cancers. FOXO3a not only represses FOXM1 expression but also its transcriptional output. Recent research has provided novel insights into a central role for FOXO3a and FOXM1 in DNA damage response. The FOXO3a-FOXM1 axis plays a pivotal role in DNA damage repair and the accompanied cellular response through regulating the expression of genes essential for DNA damage sensing, mediating, signalling and repair as well as for senescence, cell cycle and cell death control. In this manner, the FOXO3a-FOXM1 axis also holds the key to cell fate decision in response to genotoxic therapeutic agents and controls the equilibrium between DNA repair and cell termination by cell death or senescence. As a consequence, inhibition of FOXM1 or reactivation of FOXO3a in cancer cells could enhance the efficacy of DNA damaging cancer therapies by decreasing the rate of DNA repair and cell survival while increasing senescence and cell death. Conceptually, targeting FOXO3a and FOXM1 may represent a promising molecular therapeutic option for improving the efficacy and selectivity of DNA damage agents, particularly in genotoxic agent resistant cancer. In addition, FOXO3a, FOXM1 and their downstream transcriptional targets may also be reliable diagnostic biomarkers for predicting outcome, for selecting therapeutic options, and for monitoring treatments in DNA-damaging agent therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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68
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Subhash VV, Tan SH, Yeo MS, Yan FL, Peethala PC, Liem N, Krishnan V, Yong WP. ATM Expression Predicts Veliparib and Irinotecan Sensitivity in Gastric Cancer by Mediating P53-Independent Regulation of Cell Cycle and Apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:3087-3096. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Genetic determinants of FOXM1 overexpression in epithelial ovarian cancer and functional contribution to cell cycle progression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27613-27. [PMID: 26243836 PMCID: PMC4695012 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The FOXM1 transcription factor network is frequently activated in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), the most common and lethal subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We used primary human EOC tissues, HGSOC cell lines, mouse and human ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells, and a murine transgenic ovarian cancer model to investigate genetic determinants of FOXM1 overexpression in EOC, and to begin to define its functional contribution to disease pathology. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data indicated that the FOXM1 locus is amplified in ~12% of HGSOC, greater than any other tumor type examined, and that FOXM1 amplification correlates with increased expression and poor survival. In an independent set of primary EOC tissues, FOXM1 expression correlated with advanced stage and grade. Of the three known FOXM1 isoforms, FOXM1c showed highest expression in EOC. In murine OSE cells, combined knockout of Rb1 and Trp53 synergistically induced FOXM1. Consistently, human OSE cells immortalized with SV40 Large T antigen (IOSE-SV) had significantly higher FOXM1 expression than OSE immortalized with hTERT (IOSE-T). FOXM1 was overexpressed in murine ovarian tumors driven by combined Rb1/Trp53 disruption. FOXM1 induction in IOSE-SV cells was partially dependent on E2F1, and FOXM1 expression correlated with E2F1 expression in human EOC tissues. Finally, FOXM1 functionally contributed to cell cycle progression and relevant target gene expression in human OSE and HGSOC cell models. In summary, gene amplification, p53 and Rb disruption, and E2F1 activation drive FOXM1 expression in EOC, and FOXM1 promotes cell cycle progression in EOC cell models.
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70
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Kongsema M, Zona S, Karunarathna U, Cabrera E, Man EPS, Yao S, Shibakawa A, Khoo US, Medema RH, Freire R, Lam EWF. RNF168 cooperates with RNF8 to mediate FOXM1 ubiquitination and degradation in breast cancer epirubicin treatment. Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e252. [PMID: 27526106 PMCID: PMC5007831 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2016.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) transcription factor has a central role in genotoxic agent response in breast cancer. FOXM1 is regulated at the post-translational level upon DNA damage, but the key mechanism involved remained enigmatic. RNF168 is a ubiquitination E3-ligase involved in DNA damage response. Western blot and gene promoter-reporter analyses showed that the expression level and transcriptional activity of FOXM1 reduced upon RNF168 overexpression and increased with RNF168 depletion by siRNA, suggesting that RNF168 negatively regulates FOXM1 expression. Co-immunoprecipitation studies in MCF-7 cells revealed that RNF168 interacted with FOXM1 and that upon epirubicin treatment FOXM1 downregulation was associated with an increase in RNF168 binding and conjugation to the protein degradation-associated K48-linked polyubiquitin chains. Consistently, RNF168 overexpression resulted in an increase in turnover of FOXM1 in MCF-7 cells treated with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Conversely, RNF168, knockdown significantly enhanced the half-life of FOXM1 in both absence and presence of epirubicin. Using a SUMOylation-defective FOXM1-5x(K>R) mutant, we demonstrated that SUMOylation is required for the recruitment of RNF168 to mediate FOXM1 degradation. In addition, clonogenic assays also showed that RNF168 mediates epirubicin action through targeting FOXM1, as RNF168 could synergise with epirubicin to repress clonal formation in wild-type but not in FOXM1-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). The physiological relevance of RNF168-mediated FOXM1 repression is further emphasized by the significant inverse correlation between FOXM1 and RNF168 expression in breast cancer patient samples. Moreover, we also obtained evidence that RNF8 recruits RNF168 to FOXM1 upon epirubicin treatment and cooperates with RNF168 to catalyse FOXM1 ubiquitination and degradation. Collectively, these data suggest that RNF168 cooperates with RNF8 to mediate the ubiquitination and degradation of SUMOylated FOXM1 in breast cancer genotoxic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kongsema
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S Zona
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - U Karunarathna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E Cabrera
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Ofra s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - E P S Man
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S Yao
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Shibakawa
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - U-S Khoo
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - R H Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Freire
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Ofra s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - E W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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11a-N-Tosyl-5-deoxi-pterocarpan, LQB-223, a novel compound with potent antineoplastic activity toward breast cancer cells with different phenotypes. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:2119-30. [PMID: 27520309 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multidrug resistance is the major obstacle for successful treatment of breast cancer, prompting the investigation of novel anticancer compounds. PURPOSE In this study, we tested whether LQB-223, an 11a-N-Tosyl-5-deoxi-pterocarpan newly synthesized compound, could be effective toward breast cancer cells. METHODS Human breast cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HB4a and MCF-7 Dox(R) were used as models for this study. Cell culture, MTT and clonogenic assay, flow cytometry and Western blotting were performed. RESULTS The LQB-223 decreased cell viability, inhibited colony formation and induced an expressive G2/M arrest in breast cancer cells. There was an induction in p53 and p21(Cip1) protein levels following treatment of wild-type p53 MCF-7 cells, which was not observed in the mutant p53 MDA-MB-231 cell line, providing evidence that the compound might act to modulate the cell cycle regardless of p53 status. In addition, LQB-223 resulted in decreased procaspase levels and increased annexin V staining, suggesting that the apoptotic cascade is also triggered. Importantly, LQB-223 treatment was shown to be less cytotoxic to non-neoplastic breast cells than docetaxel and doxorubicin. Strikingly, exposure of doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7-Dox(R) cells to LQB-223 resulted in suppression of cell viability and proliferation in levels comparable to MCF-7. Of note, MCF-7-Dox(R) cells have an elevated expression of the P-glycoprotein efflux pump when compared to MCF-7. CONCLUSION Together, these results show that LQB-223 mediates cytotoxic effects in sensitive and resistant breast cancer cells, while presenting low toxicity to non-neoplastic cells. The new compound might represent a potential strategy to induce toxicity in breast cancer cells, especially chemoresistant cells.
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Deregulated hedgehog pathway signaling is inhibited by the smoothened antagonist LDE225 (Sonidegib) in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukaemia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25476. [PMID: 27157927 PMCID: PMC4860619 DOI: 10.1038/srep25476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway represents a potential leukaemia stem cell (LSC)-directed therapy which may compliment tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to eradicate LSC in chronic phase (CP) chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). We set out to elucidate the role of Hh signaling in CP-CML and determine if inhibition of Hh signaling, through inhibition of smoothened (SMO), was an effective strategy to target CP-CML LSC. Assessment of Hh pathway gene and protein expression demonstrated that the Hh pathway is activated in CD34+ CP-CML stem/progenitor cells. LDE225 (Sonidegib), a small molecule, clinically investigated SMO inhibitor, used alone and in combination with nilotinib, inhibited the Hh pathway in CD34+ CP-CML cells, reducing the number and self-renewal capacity of CML LSC in vitro. The combination had no effect on normal haemopoietic stem cells. When combined, LDE225 + nilotinib reduced CD34+ CP-CML cell engraftment in NSG mice and, upon administration to EGFP+ /SCLtTA/TRE-BCR-ABL mice, the combination enhanced survival with reduced leukaemia development in secondary transplant recipients. In conclusion, the Hh pathway is deregulated in CML stem and progenitor cells. We identify Hh pathway inhibition, in combination with nilotinib, as a potentially effective therapeutic strategy to improve responses in CP-CML by targeting both stem and progenitor cells.
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73
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Karunarathna U, Kongsema M, Zona S, Gong C, Cabrera E, Gomes AR, Man EPS, Khongkow P, Tsang JWH, Khoo US, Medema RH, Freire R, Lam EWF. OTUB1 inhibits the ubiquitination and degradation of FOXM1 in breast cancer and epirubicin resistance. Oncogene 2016; 35:1433-44. [PMID: 26148240 PMCID: PMC4606987 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The forkhead transcription factor FOXM1 has a key role in DNA damage response, and its deregulated overexpression is associated with genotoxic drug resistance in breast cancer. However, little is known about the posttranslational mechanisms by which FOXM1 expression is regulated by genotoxic agents and how they are deregulated in resistant cells. Initial co-immunoprecipitation studies verified previous proteomic analysis finding that the OTUB1 is a novel FOXM1-interacting protein. Western blot analysis showed that both OTUB1 and FOXM1 expression reduced upon genotoxic agent treatment in MCF-7 cells, but remained relatively constant in resistant cells. FOXM1 expression reduced upon OTUB1 depletion by siRNA and increased with OTUB1 overexpression in MCF-7 cells, arguing that OTUB1 positively regulates FOXM1 expression. In agreement, co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that FOXM1 expression is associated with OTUB1 binding but inversely correlates with conjugation to the protein degradation-associated Lys-48-linked ubiquitin-chains. Overexpression of wild-type (WT) OTUB1, but not the OTUB1(C91S) mutant, disrupted the formation of Lys48-linked ubiquitin-conjugates on FOXM1. Importantly, knockdown of OTUB1 by siRNA resulted in an increase in turnover of FOXM1 in MCF-7 cells treated with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, whereas overexpression of WT OTUB1, but not the OTUB1(C91S) mutant, significantly enhances the half-life of FOXM1. In addition, proliferative and clonogenic assays also show that OTUB1 can enhance the proliferative rate and epirubicin resistance through targeting FOXM1, as OTUB1 has little effect on FOXM1-deficient cells. The physiological relevance of the regulation of FOXM1 by OTUB1 is further underscored by the significant correlations between FOXM1 and OTUB1 expression in breast cancer patient samples. Cox-regression survival analysis indicates that OTUB1 overexpression is linked to poorer outcome in particular in patients treated with chemotherapy. Collectively, these data suggest that OTUB1 limits the ubiquitination and degradation of FOXM1 in breast cancer and has a key role in genotoxic agent resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Karunarathna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - M Kongsema
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - S Zona
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - C Gong
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - E Cabrera
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Ofra s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - A R Gomes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - E P S Man
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - P Khongkow
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - J W-H Tsang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - U-S Khoo
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - R H Medema
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Freire
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Ofra s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - E W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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Flubendazole, FDA-approved anthelmintic, targets breast cancer stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6326-40. [PMID: 25811972 PMCID: PMC4467440 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cell (CS-like cell) is considered to be responsible for recurrence and drug resistance events in breast cancer, which makes it a potential target for novel cancer therapeutic strategy. The FDA approved flubendazole, has been widely used in the treatment of intestinal parasites. Here, we demonstrated a novel effect of flubendazole on breast CS-like cells. Flubendazole inhibited breast cancer cells proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manner and delayed tumor growth in xenograft models by intraperitoneal injection. Importantly, flubendazole reduced CD44high/CD24low subpopulation and suppressed the formation of mammosphere and the expression of self-renewal related genes including c-myc, oct4, sox2, nanog and cyclinD1. Moreover, we found that flubendazole induced cell differentiation and inhibited cell migration. Consistently, flubendazole reduced mesenchymal markers (β-catenin, N-cadherin and Vimentin) expression and induced epithelial and differentiation marker (Keratin 18) expression in breast cancer cells. Mechanism study revealed that flubendazole arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase and induced monopolar spindle formation through inhibiting tubulin polymerization. Furthermore, flubendazole enhanced cytotoxic activity of conventional therapeutic drugs fluorouracil and doxorubicin against breast cancer cells. In conclusion, our findings uncovered a remarkable effect of flubendazole on suppressing breast CS-like cells, indicating a novel utilization of flubendazole in breast cancer therapy.
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75
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Yamada T, Das Gupta TK, Beattie CW. p28-Mediated Activation of p53 in G2–M Phase of the Cell Cycle Enhances the Efficacy of DNA Damaging and Antimitotic Chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2354-65. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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The Role of Forkhead Box Protein M1 in Breast Cancer Progression and Resistance to Therapy. Int J Breast Cancer 2016; 2016:9768183. [PMID: 26942015 PMCID: PMC4752991 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9768183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a transcription factor that has been implicated in normal cell growth and proliferation through control of cell cycle transition and mitotic spindle. It is implicated in carcinogenesis of various malignancies where it is activated by either amplification, increased stability, enhanced transcription, dysfunction of regulatory pathways, or activation of PI3K/AKT, epidermal growth factor receptor, Raf/MEK/MAPK, and Hedgehog pathways. This review describes the role of FOXM1 in breast cancer. This includes how FOXM1 impacts on different subtypes of breast cancer, that is, luminal/estrogen receptor positive (ER+), expressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), basal-like breast cancer (BBC), and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The review also describes different tested preclinical therapeutic strategies targeting FOXM1. Developing clinically applicable therapies that specifically inhibit FOXM1 activity is a logical next step in biomarker-driven approaches against breast cancer but will not be without its challenges due to the unique properties of this transcription factor.
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77
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Halasi M, Váraljai R, Benevolenskaya E, Gartel AL. A Novel Function of Molecular Chaperone HSP70: SUPPRESSION OF ONCOGENIC FOXM1 AFTER PROTEOTOXIC STRESS. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:142-8. [PMID: 26559972 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.678227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic transcription factor FOXM1 is overexpressed in the majority of human cancers, and it is a potential target for anticancer therapy. We identified proteasome inhibitors as the first type of drugs that target FOXM1 in cancer cells. Here we found that HSP90 inhibitor PF-4942847 and heat shock also suppress FOXM1. The common effector, which was induced after treatment with proteasome and HSP90 inhibitors or heat shock, was the molecular chaperone HSP70. We show that HSP70 binds to FOXM1 following proteotoxic stress and that HSP70 inhibits FOXM1 DNA-binding ability. Inhibition of FOXM1 transcriptional autoregulation by HSP70 leads to the suppression of FOXM1 protein expression. In addition, HSP70 suppression elevates FOXM1 expression, and simultaneous inhibition of FOXM1 and HSP70 increases the sensitivity of human cancer cells to anticancer drug-induced apoptosis. Overall, we determined the unique and novel mechanism of FOXM1 suppression by proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renáta Váraljai
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | | | - Andrei L Gartel
- From the Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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78
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Wang B, Ma A, Zhang L, Jin WL, Qian Y, Xu G, Qiu B, Yang Z, Liu Y, Xia Q, Liu Y. POH1 deubiquitylates and stabilizes E2F1 to promote tumour formation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8704. [PMID: 26510456 PMCID: PMC4846323 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the transcriptional factor E2F1 occurs frequently in human cancers and contributes to malignant progression. E2F1 activity is regulated by proteolysis mediated by the ubiquitin–proteasome system. However, the deubiquitylase that controls E2F1 ubiquitylation and stability remains undefined. Here we demonstrate that the deubiquitylase POH1 stabilizes E2F1 protein through binding to and deubiquitylating E2F1. Conditional knockout of Poh1 alleles results in reduced E2F1 expression in primary mouse liver cells. The POH1-mediated regulation of E2F1 expression strengthens E2F1-downstream prosurvival signals, including upregulation of Survivin and FOXM1 protein levels, and efficiently facilitates tumour growth of liver cancer cells in nude mice. Importantly, human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) recapitulate POH1 regulation of E2F1 expression, as nuclear abundance of POH1 is increased in HCCs and correlates with E2F1 overexpression and tumour growth. Thus, our study suggests that the hyperactivated POH1–E2F1 regulation may contribute to the development of liver cancer. The transcription factor E2F1 controls the expression of multiple genes and is frequently overactivated in cancer. Here, the authors show that E2F1 is deubiquitinated by POH1 and that this enhances the role of E2F1 in cell survival, and contributes to the pathogenesis of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshi Wang
- State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Aihui Ma
- State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei-Lin Jin
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu Qian
- State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guiqin Xu
- State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bijun Qiu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200217, China
| | - Zhaojuan Yang
- State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200217, China
| | - Yongzhong Liu
- State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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79
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Lee Y, Kim KH, Kim DG, Cho HJ, Kim Y, Rheey J, Shin K, Seo YJ, Choi YS, Lee JI, Lee J, Joo KM, Nam DH. FoxM1 Promotes Stemness and Radio-Resistance of Glioblastoma by Regulating the Master Stem Cell Regulator Sox2. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137703. [PMID: 26444992 PMCID: PMC4596841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and most lethal brain tumor. As current standard therapy consisting of surgery and chemo-irradiation provides limited benefit for GBM patients, novel therapeutic options are urgently required. Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) transcription factor is an oncogenic regulator that promotes the proliferation, survival, and treatment resistance of various human cancers. The roles of FoxM1 in GBM remain incompletely understood, due in part to pleotropic nature of the FoxM1 pathway. Here, we show the roles of FoxM1 in GBM stem cell maintenance and radioresistance. ShRNA-mediated FoxM1 inhibition significantly impeded clonogenic growth and survival of patient-derived primary GBM cells with marked downregulation of Sox2, a master regulator of stem cell phenotype. Ectopic expression of Sox2 partially rescued FoxM1 inhibition-mediated effects. Conversely, FoxM1 overexpression upregulated Sox2 expression and promoted clonogenic growth of GBM cells. These data, with a direct binding of FoxM1 in the Sox2 promoter region in GBM cells, suggest that FoxM1 regulates stemness of primary GBM cells via Sox2. We also found significant increases in FoxM1 and Sox2 expression in GBM cells after irradiation both in vitro and in vivo orthotopic tumor models. Notably, genetic or a small-molecule FoxM1 inhibitor-mediated FoxM1 targeting significantly sensitized GBM cells to irradiation, accompanying with Sox2 downregulation. Finally, FoxM1 inhibition combined with irradiation in a patient GBM-derived orthotopic model significantly impeded tumor growth and prolonged the survival of tumor bearing mice. Taken together, these results indicate that the FoxM1-Sox2 signaling axis promotes clonogenic growth and radiation resistance of GBM, and suggest that FoxM1 targeting combined with irradiation is a potentially effective therapeutic approach for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeri Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kang Ho Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Geon Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cho
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeonghwan Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Jinguen Rheey
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kayoung Shin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Jee Seo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Il Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongwu Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Kyeung Min Joo
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Anatomy and cell biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- * E-mail: (DHN); (KMJ)
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (DHN); (KMJ)
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80
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Wang Y, Alla V, Goody D, Gupta SK, Spitschak A, Wolkenhauer O, Pützer BM, Engelmann D. Epigenetic factor EPC1 is a master regulator of DNA damage response by interacting with E2F1 to silence death and activate metastasis-related gene signatures. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:117-33. [PMID: 26350215 PMCID: PMC4705687 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor E2F1 is a key regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Recently, it has been shown that aberrant E2F1 expression often detectable in advanced cancers contributes essentially to cancer cell propagation and characterizes the aggressive potential of a tumor. Conceptually, this requires a subset of malignant cells capable of evading apoptotic death through anticancer drugs. The molecular mechanism by which the pro-apoptotic activity of E2F1 is antagonized is widely unclear. Here we report a novel function for EPC1 (enhancer of polycomb homolog 1) in DNA damage protection. Depletion of EPC1 potentiates E2F1-mediated apoptosis in response to genotoxic treatment and abolishes tumor cell motility. We found that E2F1 directly binds to the EPC1 promoter and EPC1 vice versa physically interacts with bifunctional E2F1 to modulate its transcriptional activity in a target gene-specific manner. Remarkably, nuclear-colocalized EPC1 activates E2F1 to upregulate the expression of anti-apoptotic survival genes such as BCL-2 or Survivin/BIRC5 and inhibits death-inducing targets. The uncovered cooperativity between EPC1 and E2F1 triggers a metastasis-related gene signature in advanced cancers that predicts poor patient survival. These findings unveil a novel oncogenic function of EPC1 for inducing the switch into tumor progression-relevant gene expression that may help to set novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Wang
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Vijay Alla
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Deborah Goody
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Shailendra K Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alf Spitschak
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte M Pützer
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - David Engelmann
- Institute of Experimental Gene Therapy and Cancer Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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81
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Zhang M, Liu Y, Gao Y, Li S. Silibinin-induced glioma cell apoptosis by PI3K-mediated but Akt-independent downregulation of FoxM1 expression. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 765:346-54. [PMID: 26342429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The oncogenic transcription factor Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) is overexpressed in many human tumors, including glioma. As a critical regulator of the cell cycle and apoptosis-related genes, FoxM1 is a potential therapeutic target against human malignant glioma. Silibinin, a flavonoid isolated from Silybum marianum, dose-dependently reduced glioma cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and downregulated FoxM1 expression. Knockdown of FoxM1 by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) transfection also promoted glioma cell apoptosis and augmented the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic properties of silibinin. Moreover, silibinin increased caspase-3 activation, upregulated pro-apoptotic Bax, and suppressed anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression, effects enhanced by FoxM1 knockdown. Silibinin treatment suppressed U87 cell PI3K phospho-activation, and simultaneous silibinin exposure, FoxM1 knockdown, and PI3K inhibition additively increased U87 cell apoptosis. Furthermore, PI3K inhibition reduced FoxM1 expression. Akt activity was also suppressed by FoxM1 downregulation but Akt inhibition did not alter FoxM1 expression. Thus, silibinin likely inhibited glioma cell proliferation and induced apoptosis through inactivation of PI3K and FoxM1, leading to activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. FoxM1 may be a novel target for chemotherapy against human glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, PR China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, PR China.
| | - Yun Gao
- He University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110163, PR China
| | - Shaoyi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, PR China
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82
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Pathway-centric analysis of the DNA damage response to chemotherapeutic agents in two breast cell lines. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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83
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Zhang X, Cheng L, Minn K, Madan R, Godwin AK, Shridhar V, Chien J. Targeting of mutant p53-induced FoxM1 with thiostrepton induces cytotoxicity and enhances carboplatin sensitivity in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11365-80. [PMID: 25426548 PMCID: PMC4294351 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
FoxM1 is an oncogenic Forkhead transcription factor that is overexpressed in ovarian cancer. However, the mechanisms by which FoxM1 is deregulated in ovarian cancer and the extent to which FoxM1 can be targeted in ovarian cancer have not been reported previously. In this study, we showed that MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin-3 upregulated p53 protein and downregulated FoxM1 expression in several cancer cell lines with wild type TP53 but not in cell lines with mutant TP53. FoxM1 downregulation was partially blocked by cycloheximide or actinomycin D, and pulse-chase studies indicate Nutlin-3 enhances FoxM1 mRNA decay. Knockdown of p53 using shRNAs abrogated the FoxM1 downregulation by Nutlin-3, indicating a p53-dependent mechanism. FoxM1 inhibitor, thiostrepton, induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines and enhances sensitivity to cisplatin in these cells. Thiostrepton downregulates FoxM1 expression in several cancer cell lines and enhances sensitivity to carboplatin in vivo. Finally, FoxM1 expression is elevated in nearly all (48/49) ovarian tumors, indicating that thiostrepton target gene is highly expressed in ovarian cancer. In summary, the present study provides novel evidence that both amorphic and neomorphic mutations in TP53 contribute to FoxM1 overexpression and that FoxM1 may be targeted for therapeutic benefits in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, U.S.A
| | - Lihua Cheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, U.S.A
| | - Kay Minn
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, U.S.A
| | - Rashna Madan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, U.S.A
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, U.S.A
| | - Viji Shridhar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Jeremy Chien
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, U.S.A
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84
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Matai I, Sachdev A, Gopinath P. Self-Assembled Hybrids of Fluorescent Carbon Dots and PAMAM Dendrimers for Epirubicin Delivery and Intracellular Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:11423-35. [PMID: 25946165 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced nanomaterials integrating imaging and therapeutic modalities on a single platform offers a new horizon in current cancer treatment strategies. Recently, carbon dots (CQDs) have been successfully employed for bioimaging of cancer cells. In the present study, luminescent CQDs with anionic terminus and cationic acetylated G5 poly(amido amine) (G5-Ac85) dendrimers were combined via noncovalent interactions to form self-assembled fluorescent hybrids. The fluorescence of CQDs in hybrids is enhanced in the vicinity of primary amine groups of dendrimers, making them suitable as cellular imaging probes. Encapsulation of chemo-drug epirubicin (EPI) in the dendrimer interiors endowed the fluorescent hybrids with therapeutic potential. The in vitro release of an entrapped EPI drug from CQDs@EPI⊂G5-Ac85 hybrids was faster in an acidic environment than under physiological conditions. Herein, multifunctional CQDs@EPI⊂G5-Ac85 hybrids serve as a dual-emission delivery system, to track the intracellular distribution and cytotoxic effects of EPI drugs. Green emission properties of CQDs were used for fluorescence microscopic imaging and cellular uptake by flow cytometry. Cell cycle analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and up-regulation of apoptotic signaling genes unanimously demonstrated the apoptosis inducing ability of CQDs@EPI⊂G5-Ac85 hybrids in breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Therefore, we have evaluated CQDs@EPI⊂G5-Ac85 hybrids as prospective candidates to achieve simultaneous imaging and drug delivery in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Matai
- †Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
| | - Abhay Sachdev
- †Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
| | - P Gopinath
- †Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
- ‡Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
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85
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Nagel R, Stigter-van Walsum M, Buijze M, van den Berg J, van der Meulen IH, Hodzic J, Piersma SR, Pham TV, Jiménez CR, van Beusechem VW, Brakenhoff RH. Genome-wide siRNA Screen Identifies the Radiosensitizing Effect of Downregulation of MASTL and FOXM1 in NSCLC. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1434-44. [PMID: 25808837 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and on top of that has a very poor prognosis, which is reflected by a 5-year survival rate of 5% to 15%. Radiotherapy is an integral part of most treatment regimens for this type of tumor, often combined with radiosensitizing cytotoxic drugs. In this study, we identified many genes that could potentially be exploited for targeted radiosensitization using a genome-wide siRNA screen in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. The screen identified 433 siRNAs that potentially sensitize lung cancer cells to radiation. Validation experiments showed that knockdown of expression of Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) or microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like (MASTL) indeed causes radiosensitization in a panel of NSCLC cells. Strikingly, this effect was not observed in primary human fibroblasts, suggesting that the observed radiosensitization is specific for cancer cells. Phosphoproteomics analyses with and without irradiation showed that a number of cell-cycle-related proteins were significantly less phosphorylated after MASTL knockdown in comparison to the control, while there were no changes in the levels of phosphorylation of DNA damage response proteins. Subsequent analyses showed that MASTL knockdown cells respond differently to radiation, with a significantly shortened G2-M phase arrest and defects in cytokinesis, which are followed by a cell-cycle arrest. In summary, we have identified many potential therapeutic targets that could be used for radiosensitization of NSCLC cells, with MASTL being a very promising and druggable target to combine with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco Nagel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke Stigter-van Walsum
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marijke Buijze
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap van den Berg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ida H van der Meulen
- RNA Interference Functional Oncogenomics Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasmina Hodzic
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander R Piersma
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thang V Pham
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jiménez
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Victor W van Beusechem
- RNA Interference Functional Oncogenomics Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud H Brakenhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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86
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Wang Y, Fang W, Huang Y, Hu F, Ying Q, Yang W, Xiong B. Reduction of selenium-binding protein 1 sensitizes cancer cells to selenite via elevating extracellular glutathione: a novel mechanism of cancer-specific cytotoxicity of selenite. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 79:186-96. [PMID: 25445402 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element and has been extensively studied for preventive effects on cancers. Recent emerging evidence has also shown that selenium at supranutritional dosage has a preferential cytotoxicity in cancer cells and chemotherapeutic drug-resistant cells, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study was to investigate the roles of two distinct representatives of selenium-containing proteins, selenium-binding protein 1 (SBP1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), in selenite-mediated cancer-specific cytotoxicity. We found that there was a significantly inverse correlation between SBP1 and GPX1 protein level in human breast cancers and adjacent matched nontumor tissues (Pearson r=-0.4347, P=0.0338). Ectopic expression of GPX1 enhanced selenite cytotoxicity through down-regulation of SBP1, and SBP1 was likely to be a crucial determinant for selenite-mediated cytotoxicity. Reduction of SBP1 in cancer cells and epirubicin-resistant cells on selenite exposure resulted in a dramatic increase in the generation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion, which in turn caused oxidative stress and triggered apoptosis. Furthermore, knockdown SBP1 by small interfering RNA increased selenite sensitivity by elevating extracellular glutathione (GSH), which spontaneously reacted with selenite and led to the rapid depletion of selenium (IV) in growth medium and the high-affinity uptake of selenite. In conclusion, these findings would improve our understanding of the roles of selenium-containing proteins in selenite-mediated cytotoxicity, and revealed a potent mechanism of the selective cytotoxicity of selenite in cancer cells and drug-resistant cells, in which SBP1 was likely to play an important role in modulating the extracellular microenvironment by regulating the levels of extracellular GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China; Department of Oncology, the Fifth Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430051, China
| | - Fen Hu
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Qi Ying
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Wancai Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China; Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
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87
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Motiwala T, Kutay H, Zanesi N, Frissora FW, Mo X, Muthusamy N, Jacob ST. PTPROt-mediated regulation of p53/Foxm1 suppresses leukemic phenotype in a CLL mouse model. Leukemia 2014; 29:1350-9. [PMID: 25482129 PMCID: PMC4456291 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding PTPROt is methylated and suppressed in Chronic Lymphocytc Leukemia. PTPROt exhibits in vitro tumor suppressor characteristics through the regulation of B-cell receptor signaling. Here, we generated transgenic (Tg) mice with B-cell specific expression of PTPROt. While lymphocyte development is normal in these mice, crossing them with TCL1 Tg mouse model of CLL results in a survival advantage compared to the TCL1 Tg mice. Gene expression profiling of splenic B-lymphocytes before detectable signs of CLL followed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that the most prominently regulated functions in TCL1 Tg vs non-transgenic (NTg) and TCL1 Tg vs PTPROt/TCL1 double Tg are the same and also biologically relevant to this study. Further, enhanced expression of the chemokine Ccl3, the oncogenic transcription factor Foxm1 and its targets in TCL1 Tg mice were significantly suppressed in the double Tg mice suggesting a protective function of PTPROt against leukemogenesis. This study also showed that PTPROt mediated regulation of Foxm1 involves activation of p53, a transcriptional repressor of Foxm1, which is facilitated through suppression of B-cell receptor signaling. These results establish the in vivo tumor suppressive function of PTPROt, and identify p53/Foxm1 axis as a key downstream effect of PTPROt-mediated suppression of BCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Motiwala
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - H Kutay
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - N Zanesi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - F W Frissora
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - X Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - N Muthusamy
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S T Jacob
- 1] Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA [2] Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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88
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Baranski OA, Kalinichenko VV, Adami GR. Increased FOXM1 expression can stimulate DNA repair in normal hepatocytes in vivo but also increases nuclear foci associated with senescence. Cell Prolif 2014; 48:105-15. [PMID: 25477198 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES FOXM1 is a transcription factor that has been shown to promote cell proliferation in many tissues during early development and high cell turnover tissues in adults. In a number of tumour cell lines, enrichment of FOXM1 has been shown to reduce the DNA damage response (DDR) and induction of senescence by a range of DNA-damaging agents, suggesting a role for the protein in DNA repair. Endogenous FOXM1 is expressed at detectable levels in hepatocytes of mice up to 2 weeks of age, but not in older mice. The aim of this investigation has been to better understand the role of the protein in DDR in normal cells in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice with artificially prolonged elevated FOXM1 expression in hepatocytes, were exposed to alkylating diethylnitrosamine. RESULTS FOXM1-enriched mice had dampened DDR after treatment with this alkylating agent, which was consistent with observed increase in expression of genes involved in DNA repair. Paradoxically, mice with FOXM1 expression, within weeks after exposure to the DNA-damaging agent, had increased levels of potentially senescent hepatocytes with large nuclear foci, containing 53BP1. Similarly, spontaneous accumulation of these cells seen with normal ageing in mice was increased with FOXM1 enrichment. CONCLUSION Despite its known abilities to promote proliferation and DNA repair, and to reduce ROS, enrichment of FOXM1, as with other oncoproteins, may cause increased persistent DNA lesions and/or senescence in normal murine hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Baranski
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612-7213, USA
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89
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Zhao F, Siu MKY, Jiang L, Tam KF, Ngan HYS, Le XF, Wong OGW, Wong ESY, Gomes AR, Bella L, Khongkow P, Lam EWF, Cheung ANY. Overexpression of forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) in ovarian cancer correlates with poor patient survival and contributes to paclitaxel resistance. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113478. [PMID: 25411964 PMCID: PMC4239070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Deregulation of FOXM1 has been documented in various cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of FOXM1 in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis and paclitaxel resistance. Experimental Design Expression of FOXM1 was examined in 119 clinical samples by immunohistochemistry and correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Effects of FOXM1 knockdown on ovarian cancer cell migration, invasion and mitotic catastrophe were also studied. qPCR and ChIP-qPCR were used to establish KIF2C as a novel FOXM1 target gene implicated in chemoresistance. Results High nuclear FOXM1 expression in ovarian cancer patient samples was significantly associated with advanced stages (P = 0.035), shorter overall (P = 0.019) and disease-free (P = 0.014) survival. Multivariate analysis confirmed FOXM1 expression as an independent prognostic factor for ovarian cancer. FOXM1 knockdown significantly inhibited migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells and enhanced paclitaxel-mediated cell death and mitotic catastrophe in a p53-independent manner. Bioinformatics analysis suggested a number of potential transcription targets of FOXM1. One of the potential targets, KIF2C, exhibited similar expression pattern to FOXM1 in chemosensitive and chemoresistant cells in response to paclitaxel treatment. FOXM1 could be detected at the promoter of KIF2C and FOXM1 silencing significantly down-regulated KIF2C. Conclusion Our findings suggest that FOXM1 is associated with poor patient outcome and contributes to paclitaxel resistance by blocking mitotic catastrophe. KIF2C is identified as a novel FOXM1 transcriptional target that may be implicated in the acquisition of chemoresistance. FOXM1 should be further investigated as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fung Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle K Y Siu
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - LiLi Jiang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuang University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kar Fai Tam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Hextan Y S Ngan
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Xiao Feng Le
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas, United States of America
| | - Oscar G W Wong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Esther S Y Wong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Ana R Gomes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Bella
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pasarat Khongkow
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annie N Y Cheung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China; Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong -Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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90
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Chen PM, Cheng YW, Wang YC, Wu TC, Chen CY, Lee H. Up-regulation of FOXM1 by E6 oncoprotein through the MZF1/NKX2-1 axis is required for human papillomavirus-associated tumorigenesis. Neoplasia 2014; 16:961-71. [PMID: 25425970 PMCID: PMC4240922 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Foxhead box M1 (FOXM1) expression has been shown to be linked with human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18-infected cervical cancer. However, the mechanism underlying the induction of FOXM1 in HPV 16/18-infected cancers remains elusive. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The mechanistic actions of FOXM1 induced by the E6/NKX2-1 axis in tumor aggressiveness were elucidated in cellular and animal models. The prognostic value of FOXM1 for overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in HPV-positive oral and lung cancers was assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models. RESULTS Herein, FOXM1 expression is upregulated by E6-mediated NKX2-1 in HPV-positive cervical, oral, and lung cancer cells. Induction of FOXM1 by E6 through the MZF1/NKX2-1 axis is responsible for HPV-mediated soft agar growth, invasiveness, and stemness through activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In a nude mice model, metastatic lung tumor nodules in HPV 18 E6-positive GNM or HPV 16 E6-positive TL-1-injected nude mice were markedly decreased in both cell types with E6 knockdown, FOXM1 knockdown, or treatment with FOXM1 inhibitor (thiostrepton). Among the four subgroup patients, the worst FOXM1 prognostic value for OS and RFS was observed in HPV 16/18-positive patients with tumors with high-expressing FOXM1. CONCLUSIONS Induction of FOXM1 by E6 oncoprotein through the MZF1/NKX2-1 axis may be responsible for HPV 16/18-mediated tumor progression and poor outcomes in HPV-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chen Wang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chin Wu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ; Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Chen
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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91
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Zona S, Bella L, Burton MJ, Nestal de Moraes G, Lam EWF. FOXM1: an emerging master regulator of DNA damage response and genotoxic agent resistance. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1839:1316-22. [PMID: 25287128 PMCID: PMC4316173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
FOXM1 is a transcription factor required for a wide spectrum of essential biological functions, including DNA damage repair, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell renewal, cell differentiation and tissue homeostasis. Recent evidence suggests that FOXM1 also has a role in many aspects of the DNA damage response. Accordingly, FOXM1 drives the transcription of genes for DNA damage sensors, mediators, signal transducers and effectors. As a result of these functions, it plays an integral part in maintaining the integrity of the genome and so is key to the propagation of accurate genetic information to the next generation. Preserving the genetic code is a vital means of suppressing cancer and other genetic diseases. Conversely, FOXM1 is also a potent oncogenic factor that is essential for cancer initiation, progression and drug resistance. An enhanced FOXM1 DNA damage repair gene expression network can confer resistance to genotoxic agents. Developing a thorough understanding of the regulation and function of FOXM1 in DNA damage response will improve the diagnosis and treatment of diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative conditions and immunodeficiency disorders. It will also benefit cancer patients with acquired genotoxic agent resistance. FOXM1 is a potent oncogenic factor essential for cancer initiation, progression and drug resistance. FOXM1 also drives the transcription of genes for DNA damage sensors, mediators, signal transducers and effectors. It plays an integral part in maintaining the integrity of the genome. An enhanced FOXM1 DNA damage repair gene expression network can confer resistance to genotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Zona
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Laura Bella
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Matthew J Burton
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Gabriela Nestal de Moraes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK.
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92
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Peake BF, Nahta R. Resistance to HER2-targeted therapies: a potential role for FOXM1. BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT 2014; 3:423-431. [PMID: 25598845 DOI: 10.2217/bmt.14.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the tremendous efficacy of trastuzumab against HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancers, a significant fraction of women demonstrate progressive disease during treatment. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to mediate trastuzumab resistance. In this mini-review, we discuss the evidence supporting FOXM1 as a mediator of resistance and potential new therapeutic target in trastuzumab-refractory breast cancer. FOXM1 expression is significantly elevated in multiple breast cancer data sets. Some studies suggest a direct correlation between FOXM1 and HER2 expression levels. In addition, overexpression of FOXM1 reduces the sensitivity of HER2-positive breast cancer cells to trastuzumab or lapatinib. Conversely, knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of FOXM1 rescues resistance to HER2-targeted therapies. Current pre-clinical information supports further investigation of the role of FOXM1 in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette F Peake
- Molecular & Systems Pharmacology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University
| | - Rita Nahta
- Molecular & Systems Pharmacology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University ; Cancer Biology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University ; Department of Pharmacology, Emory University ; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University ; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University
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93
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Bella L, Zona S, Nestal de Moraes G, Lam EWF. FOXM1: A key oncofoetal transcription factor in health and disease. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 29:32-9. [PMID: 25068996 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) is a bona fide oncofoetal transcription factor, which orchestrates complex temporal and spatial gene expression throughout embryonic and foetal development as well as during adult tissue homeostasis and repair. Controlled FOXM1 expression and activity provides a balanced transcriptional programme to ensure proper growth and maturation during embryogenesis and foetal development as well as to manage appropriate homeostasis and repair of adult tissues. Conversely, deregulated FOXM1 upregulation likely affects cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, stem cell renewal, DNA damage repair and cellular senescence, which impact tumour initiation, progression, metastasis, angiogenesis and drug resistance. A thorough understanding of the regulation and role of FOXM1 in health and in cancer should contribute to the development of better diagnostics and treatments for cancer as well as congenital disorders and other developmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bella
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Zona
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Nestal de Moraes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
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Zheng FM, Long ZJ, Hou ZJ, Luo Y, Xu LZ, Xia JL, Lai XJ, Liu JW, Wang X, Kamran M, Yan M, Shao SJ, Lam EWF, Wang SW, Lu G, Liu Q. A novel small molecule aurora kinase inhibitor attenuates breast tumor-initiating cells and overcomes drug resistance. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1991-2003. [PMID: 24899685 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major cause of cancer treatment failure. Tumor-initiating cells (TIC) have attracted a considerable amount of attention due to their role in chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. Here, we evaluated the small molecule Aurora kinase inhibitor AKI603 as a novel agent against TICs in breast cancer. AKI603 significantly inhibited Aurora-A (AurA) kinase and induced cell-cycle arrest. In addition, the intragastric administration of AKI603 reduced xenograft tumor growth. Interestingly, we found that breast cancer cells that were resistant to epirubicin expressed a high level of activated AurA and also have a high CD24(Low)/CD44(High) TIC population. The inhibition of AurA kinase by AKI603 abolished the epirubicin-induced enrichment of TICs. Moreover, AKI603 suppressed the capacity of cells to form mammosphere and also suppressed the expression of self-renewal genes (β-catenin, c-Myc, Sox2, and Oct4). Thus, our work suggests the potential clinical use of the small molecule Aurora kinase inhibitor AKI603 to overcome drug resistance induced by conventional chemotherapeutics in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Meng Zheng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell - First Affiliated Hospital Collaborative Innovation Center of Oncology
| | - Zi-Jie Long
- Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Zhi-Jie Hou
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell - First Affiliated Hospital Collaborative Innovation Center of Oncology
| | - Yu Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Ling-Zhi Xu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell - First Affiliated Hospital Collaborative Innovation Center of Oncology
| | - Jiang-Long Xia
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell - First Affiliated Hospital Collaborative Innovation Center of Oncology
| | - Xiao-Ju Lai
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University
| | - Ji-Wei Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell - First Affiliated Hospital Collaborative Innovation Center of Oncology
| | - Xi Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell - First Affiliated Hospital Collaborative Innovation Center of Oncology
| | - Min Yan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University
| | - Shu-Juan Shao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; and
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shao-Wu Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell - First Affiliated Hospital Collaborative Innovation Center of Oncology
| | - Gui Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou;
| | - Quentin Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University; Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell - First Affiliated Hospital Collaborative Innovation Center of Oncology;
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96
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Pardo I, Lillemoe HA, Blosser RJ, Choi M, Sauder CAM, Doxey DK, Mathieson T, Hancock BA, Baptiste D, Atale R, Hickenbotham M, Zhu J, Glasscock J, Storniolo AMV, Zheng F, Doerge RW, Liu Y, Badve S, Radovich M, Clare SE. Next-generation transcriptome sequencing of the premenopausal breast epithelium using specimens from a normal human breast tissue bank. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:R26. [PMID: 24636070 PMCID: PMC4053088 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Our efforts to prevent and treat breast cancer are significantly impeded by a lack of knowledge of the biology and developmental genetics of the normal mammary gland. In order to provide the specimens that will facilitate such an understanding, The Susan G. Komen for the Cure Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center (KTB) was established. The KTB is, to our knowledge, the only biorepository in the world prospectively established to collect normal, healthy breast tissue from volunteer donors. As a first initiative toward a molecular understanding of the biology and developmental genetics of the normal mammary gland, the effect of the menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptives on DNA expression in the normal breast epithelium was examined. Methods Using normal breast tissue from 20 premenopausal donors to KTB, the changes in the mRNA of the normal breast epithelium as a function of phase of the menstrual cycle and hormonal contraception were assayed using next-generation whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). Results In total, 255 genes representing 1.4% of all genes were deemed to have statistically significant differential expression between the two phases of the menstrual cycle. The overwhelming majority (221; 87%) of the genes have higher expression during the luteal phase. These data provide important insights into the processes occurring during each phase of the menstrual cycle. There was only a single gene significantly differentially expressed when comparing the epithelium of women using hormonal contraception to those in the luteal phase. Conclusions We have taken advantage of a unique research resource, the KTB, to complete the first-ever next-generation transcriptome sequencing of the epithelial compartment of 20 normal human breast specimens. This work has produced a comprehensive catalog of the differences in the expression of protein-coding genes as a function of the phase of the menstrual cycle. These data constitute the beginning of a reference data set of the normal mammary gland, which can be consulted for comparison with data developed from malignant specimens, or to mine the effects of the hormonal flux that occurs during the menstrual cycle.
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97
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Saldanha SN, Tollefsbol TO. Pathway modulations and epigenetic alterations in ovarian tumorbiogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:393-406. [PMID: 24105793 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellular pathways are numerous and are highly integrated in function in the control of cellular systems. They collectively regulate cell division, proliferation, survival and apoptosis of cells and mutagenesis of key genes that control these pathways can initiate neoplastic transformations. Understanding these pathways is crucial to future therapeutic and preventive strategies of the disease. Ovarian cancers are of three major types; epithelial, germ-cell, and stromal. However, ovarian cancers of epithelial origin, arising from the mesothelium, are the predominant form. Of the subtypes of ovarian cancer, the high-grade serous tumors are fatal, with low survival rate due to late detection and poor response to treatments. Close examination of preserved ovarian tissues and in vitro studies have provided insights into the mechanistic changes occurring in cells mediated by a few key genes. This review will focus on pathways and key genes of the pathways that are mutated or have aberrant functions in the pathology of ovarian cancer. Non-genetic mechanisms that are gaining prominence in the pathology of ovarian cancer, miRNAs and epigenetics, will also be discussed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabita N Saldanha
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, Alabama
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98
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Pavlopoulos GA, Promponas VJ, Ouzounis CA, Iliopoulos I. Biological information extraction and co-occurrence analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1159:77-92. [PMID: 24788262 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0709-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, it is possible to identify terms corresponding to biological entities within passages in biomedical text corpora: critically, their potential relationships then need to be detected. These relationships are typically detected by co-occurrence analysis, revealing associations between bioentities through their coexistence in single sentences and/or entire abstracts. These associations implicitly define networks, whose nodes represent terms/bioentities/concepts being connected by relationship edges; edge weights might represent confidence for these semantic connections.This chapter provides a review of current methods for co-occurrence analysis, focusing on data storage, analysis, and representation. We highlight scenarios of these approaches implemented by useful tools for information extraction and knowledge inference in the field of systems biology. We illustrate the practical utility of two online resources providing services of this type-namely, STRING and BioTextQuest-concluding with a discussion of current challenges and future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios A Pavlopoulos
- Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, 71110, Greece
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99
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Myatt SS, Kongsema M, Man CWY, Kelly DJ, Gomes AR, Khongkow P, Karunarathna U, Zona S, Langer JK, Dunsby CW, Coombes RC, French PM, Brosens JJ, Lam EWF. SUMOylation inhibits FOXM1 activity and delays mitotic transition. Oncogene 2013; 33:4316-29. [PMID: 24362530 PMCID: PMC4096495 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The forkhead box transcription factor FOXM1 is an essential effector of G2/M-phase transition, mitosis and the DNA damage response. As such, it is frequently deregulated during tumorigenesis. Here we report that FOXM1 is dynamically modified by SUMO1 but not by SUMO2/3 at multiple sites. We show that FOXM1 SUMOylation is enhanced in MCF-7 breast cancer cells in response to treatment with epirubicin and mitotic inhibitors. Mutation of five consensus conjugation motifs yielded a SUMOylation-deficient mutant FOXM1. Conversely, fusion of the E2 ligase Ubc9 to FOXM1 generated an auto-SUMOylating mutant (FOXM1-Ubc9). Analysis of wild-type FOXM1 and mutants revealed that SUMOylation inhibits FOXM1 activity, promotes translocation to the cytoplasm and enhances APC/Cdh1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. Further, expression of the SUMOylation-deficient mutant enhanced cell proliferation compared with wild-type FOXM1, whereas the FOXM1-Ubc9 fusion protein resulted in persistent cyclin B1 expression and slowed the time from mitotic entry to exit. In summary, our findings suggest that SUMOylation attenuates FOXM1 activity and causes mitotic delay in cytotoxic drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Myatt
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
| | - M Kongsema
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
| | - C W-Y Man
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - D J Kelly
- 1] Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK [2] Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A R Gomes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
| | - P Khongkow
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
| | - U Karunarathna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
| | - S Zona
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
| | - J K Langer
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
| | - C W Dunsby
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R C Coombes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
| | - P M French
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J J Brosens
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, University Hospital, Coventry, UK
| | - E W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), London, UK
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100
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Forkhead box proteins: the tuning forks in cancer development and treatment. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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