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Chen WC, Qiu JT, Lai CH, Huang HJ, Lin CT, Chen MY, Chou HH, Huang KG, Chang TC. Outcomes and prognoses of patients with ovarian cancer using bevacizumab: 6-year experience in a tertiary care hospital of northern Taiwan. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175703. [PMID: 28467466 PMCID: PMC5415172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bevacizumab (BEV) has been used for ovarian cancer (OC) for years in Taiwan, but the associated data related to outcome is scant. This retrospective study reviewed patients with OC treated with BEV and analyzed their results. Patients and methods All patients with OC treated with BEV from 2009 to 2015 in the Linkou branch of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Northern Taiwan were included. According to the means of administration, the patients were classified into 6 groups as follows: A—BEV plus chemotherapy (C/T) for initial platinum-resistant (PR) recurrent OC, B—BEV plus C/T for initial platinum-sensitive (PS) recurrent OC, C—BEV alone for recurrent OC, D—BEV plus 1st adjuvant C/T, E—BEV plus neoadjuvant C/T, and F—intraperitoneal (IP) BEV. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), hazard ratios (HRs), overall response rate (ORR), and mean number of BEV cycles were analyzed for groups A to E. Clinical improvement of ascites was assessed for group F. Results A comparison of early use (only one round of prior C/T) versus late use (multiple rounds of prior C/T) in patients of groups A and B showed a superior PFS (8.27 vs. 3.67, p = 0.037) in the early use group. No significant differences were found between groups A and B (PFS: 4.24 vs. 4.17 months, p = 0.690; OS: 10.06 vs. 9.93 months, p = 0.819; mean BEV cycles: 4.63 vs. 5.0 p = 0.992; ORR: 48.1% vs. 53.5%, p = 0.425). Comparing the response and non-response subgroups of patients in groups A and B, a better outcome was associated with endometrioid type cell (HR = 0.28, p = 0.008), good ECOG performance status (HR = 0.51, p = 0.005), and lack of ascites (HR = 0.67, p = 0.004). Comparing group C with groups A plus B, the BEV alone group had a poorer PFS (1.02 VS. 4.19, p = 0.04) and OS (1.42 VS. 9.99 p = 0.001) than the BEV plus C/T group. In group F, a good clinical benefit rate (85.6%) of ascites improvement was noted. Two patients had grade 5 gastrointestinal bleeding and venous/arterial thromboembolic events after administration of BEV. Grade 3 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurred more frequently in our study. Conclusion Early use of BEV combined with chemotherapy had a significant benefit in PFS for patients with recurrent OC. BEV plus chemotherapy was better than BEV alone for recurrent OC. In addition, IP BEV was helpful for improving clinical ascites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiantai Timothy Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (TCC); (JTQ)
| | - Chyong-Huey Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Jean Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tao Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsueh Chou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Gen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (TCC); (JTQ)
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Farzam P, Johansson J, Mireles M, Jiménez-Valerio G, Martínez-Lozano M, Choe R, Casanovas O, Durduran T. Pre-clinical longitudinal monitoring of hemodynamic response to anti-vascular chemotherapy by hybrid diffuse optics. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:2563-2582. [PMID: 28663891 PMCID: PMC5480498 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The longitudinal effect of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) antibody (DC 101) therapy on a xenografted renal cell carcinoma (RCC) mouse model was monitored using hybrid diffuse optics. Two groups of immunosuppressed male nude mice (seven treated, seven controls) were measured. Tumor microvascular blood flow, total hemoglobin concentration and blood oxygenation were investigated as potential biomarkers for the monitoring of the therapy effect twice a week and were related to the final treatment outcome. These hemodynamic biomarkers have shown a clear differentiation between two groups by day four. Moreover, we have observed that pre-treatment values and early changes in hemodynamics are highly correlated with the therapeutic outcome demonstrating the potential of diffuse optics to predict the therapy response at an early time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Farzam
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Sciences and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona),
Spain
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129,
USA
| | - Johannes Johansson
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Sciences and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona),
Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping,
Sweden
| | - Miguel Mireles
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Sciences and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona),
Spain
| | - Gabriela Jiménez-Valerio
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute – IDIBELL, 08908, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona),
Spain
| | - Mar Martínez-Lozano
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute – IDIBELL, 08908, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona),
Spain
| | - Regine Choe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627,
USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627,
USA
| | - Oriol Casanovas
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute – IDIBELL, 08908, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona),
Spain
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Sciences and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona),
Spain
- Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08015, Barcelona,
Spain
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53
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Jain H, Jackson T. Mathematical Modeling of Cellular Cross-Talk Between Endothelial and Tumor Cells Highlights Counterintuitive Effects of VEGF-Targeted Therapies. Bull Math Biol 2017; 80:971-1016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-017-0273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Rovithi M, Verheul HMW. Pulsatile high-dose treatment with antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors improves clinical antitumor activity. Angiogenesis 2017; 20:287-289. [PMID: 28421290 PMCID: PMC5511614 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rovithi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Room 3A46, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands.,Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Agios Nikolaos General Hospital, Agios Nikolaos, Crete, Greece
| | - Henk M W Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Room 3A46, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands.
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55
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Fabian KL, Storkus WJ. Immunotherapeutic Targeting of Tumor-Associated Blood Vessels. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1036:191-211. [PMID: 29275473 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67577-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis occurs during tumor progression and leads in the formation of an abnormal vasculature in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The tumor vasculature is disorganized, tortuous and leaky, resulting in high interstitial pressure and hypoxia in the TME, all of which are events that support tumor growth and survival. Given the sustaining role of the tumor vasculature, it has become an increasingly attractive target for the development of anti-cancer therapies. Antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and cancer vaccines that target pro-angiogenic factors, angiogenesis-associated receptors or tumor blood vessel-associated antigens continue to be developed and tested for therapeutic efficacy. Preferred anti-angiogenic protocols include those that "normalize" the tumor-associated vasculature which reduce hypoxia and improve tumor blood perfusion, resulting in tumor cell apoptosis, decreased immunosuppression, and enhanced effector immune cell infiltration/tumoricidal action within the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellsye L Fabian
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Walter J Storkus
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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56
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Jiménez-Valerio G, Casanovas O. Angiogenesis and Metabolism: Entwined for Therapy Resistance. Trends Cancer 2016; 3:10-18. [PMID: 28718423 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and metabolism are entwined processes that permit tumor growth and progression. Blood vessel supply is necessary for tumor survival not only by providing oxygen and nutrients for anabolism but also by removing waste products from cellular metabolism. On the other hand, blocking angiogenesis with antiangiogenic therapies shows clinical benefits in treating several tumor types. Nevertheless, resistance to therapy emerges over time. In this review we discuss a novel mechanism of adaptive resistance involving metabolic adaptation of tumor cells, and we also provide examples of tumor adaptation to therapy, which may represent a new mechanism of resistance in several types of cancer. Thus, targeting this metabolic tumor adaptation could be a way to avoid resistance in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Jiménez-Valerio
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Casanovas
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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57
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Sánchez-Peris M, Murga J, Falomir E, Carda M, Marco JA. Synthesis of honokiol analogues and evaluation of their modulating action on VEGF protein secretion and telomerase-related gene expressions. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 89:577-584. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Sánchez-Peris
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry; University Jaume I; Castellón Spain
| | - Juan Murga
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry; University Jaume I; Castellón Spain
| | - Eva Falomir
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry; University Jaume I; Castellón Spain
| | - Miguel Carda
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry; University Jaume I; Castellón Spain
| | - Juan Alberto Marco
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Valencia; Burjassot Spain
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58
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Targeting Syndecan-1, a molecule implicated in the process of vasculogenic mimicry, enhances the therapeutic efficacy of the L19-IL2 immunocytokine in human melanoma xenografts. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37426-42. [PMID: 26460958 PMCID: PMC4741939 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapy of solid tumors has until now failed to produce the long lasting clinical benefits desired, possibly due to the complexity of the neoangiogenic process. Indeed, a prominent role is played by “vasculogenic” or “vascular” mimicry (VM), a phenomenon in which aggressive cancer cells form an alternative microvascular circulation, independently of endothelial cell angiogenesis. In this study we observed, in melanoma patient cell lines having vasculogenic/stem-cell like phenotype and in melanoma tumors, the syndecan-1 co-expression with VM markers, such as CD144 and VEGFR-2. We show that melanoma cells lose their ability to form tubule-like structures in vitro after blocking syndecan-1 activity by the specific human recombinant antibody, OC-46F2. Moreover, in a human melanoma xenograft model, the combined therapy using OC-46F2 and L19-IL2, an immunocytokine specific for the tumor angiogenic-associated B-fibronectin isoform(B-FN), led to a complete inhibition of tumor growth until day 90 from tumor implantation in 71% of treated mice, with statistically significant differences compared to groups treated with OC-46F2 or L19-IL2 as monotherapy. Furthermore, in the tumors recovered from mice treated with OC-46F2 either as monotherapy or in combination with L19-IL2, we observed a dramatic decrease of vascular density and loss of VM structures. These findings indicate for the first time a role of syndecan-1 in melanoma VM and that targeting syndecan-1, together with B-FN, could be promising in improving the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
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Menendez JA, Vellon L, Espinoza I, Lupu R. The metastasis inducer CCN1 (CYR61) activates the fatty acid synthase (FASN)-driven lipogenic phenotype in breast cancer cells. Oncoscience 2016; 3:242-257. [PMID: 27713913 PMCID: PMC5043073 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The angiogenic inducer CCN1 (Cysteine-rich 61, CYR61) is differentially activated in metastatic breast carcinomas. However, little is known about the precise mechanisms that underlie the pro-metastatic actions of CCN1. Here, we investigated the impact of CCN1 expression on fatty acid synthase (FASN), a metabolic oncogene thought to provide cancer cells with proliferative and survival advantages. Forced expression of CCN1 in MCF-7 cells robustly up-regulated FASN protein expression and also significantly increased FASN gene promoter activity 2- to 3-fold, whereas deletion of the sterol response element-binding protein (SREBP) binding site in the FASN promoter completely abrogated CCN1-driven transcriptional activation. Pharmacological blockade of MAPK or PI-3'K activation similarly prevented the ability of CCN1 to induce FASN gene activation. Pharmacological inhibition of FASN activity with the mycotoxin cerulenin or the small compound C75 reversed CCN1-induced acquisition of estrogen independence and resistance to hormone therapies such as tamoxifen and fulvestrant in anchorage-independent growth assays. This study uncovers FASNdependent endogenous lipogenesis as a new mechanism controlling the metastatic phenotype promoted by CCN1. Because estrogen independence and progression to a metastatic phenotype are hallmarks of therapeutic resistance and mortality in breast cancer, this previously unrecognized CCN1-driven lipogenic phenotype represents a novel metabolic target to clinically manage metastatic disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Catalonia, Spain; Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Luciano Vellon
- IBYME, CONICET-Laboratorio de Immunohematología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ingrid Espinoza
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ruth Lupu
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, USA
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Abstract
This review provides updated information published in 2014 regarding advances and major achievements in genitourinary cancer. Sections include the best in prostate cancer, renal cancer, bladder cancer, and germ cell tumors. In the field of prostate cancer, data related to treatment approach of hormone-sensitive disease, castrate-resistant prostate cancer, mechanisms of resistance, new drugs, and molecular research are presented. In relation to renal cancer, relevant aspects in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, immunotherapy, and molecular research, including angiogenesis and von Hippel-Lindau gene, molecular biology of non-clear cell histologies, and epigenetics of clear renal cell cancer are described. New strategies in the management of muscle-invasive localized bladder cancer and metastatic disease are reported as well as salient findings of biomolecular research in urothelial cancer. Some approaches intended to improve outcomes in poor prognosis patients with metastatic germ cell cancer are also reported. Results of clinical trials in these areas are discussed.
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61
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Mukherjee S, Patra CR. Therapeutic application of anti-angiogenic nanomaterials in cancers. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:12444-12470. [PMID: 27067119 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07887c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature, plays a vital role in physiological and pathological processes (embryonic development, wound healing, tumor growth and metastasis). The overall balance of angiogenesis inside the human body is maintained by pro- and anti-angiogenic signals. The processes by which drugs inhibit angiogenesis as well as tumor growth are called the anti-angiogenesis technique, a most promising cancer treatment strategy. Over the last couple of decades, scientists have been developing angiogenesis inhibitors for the treatment of cancers. However, conventional anti-angiogenic therapy has several limitations including drug resistance that can create problems for a successful therapeutic strategy. Therefore, a new comprehensive treatment strategy using antiangiogenic agents for the treatment of cancer is urgently needed. Recently researchers have been developing and designing several nanoparticles that show anti-angiogenic properties. These nanomedicines could be useful as an alternative strategy for the treatment of various cancers using anti-angiogenic therapy. In this review article, we critically focus on the potential application of anti-angiogenic nanomaterial and nanoparticle based drug/siRNA/peptide delivery systems in cancer therapeutics. We also discuss the basic and clinical perspectives of anti-angiogenesis therapy, highlighting its importance in tumor angiogenesis, current status and future prospects and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Mukherjee
- Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad - 500007, Telangana, India.
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Sánchez-Peris M, Falomir E, Murga J, Carda M, Marco JA. Synthesis and evaluation of biphenyl derivatives as potential downregulators of VEGF protein secretion and telomerase-related gene expressions. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3108-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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de Marinis F, Bria E, Ciardiello F, Crinò L, Douillard JY, Griesinger F, Lambrechts D, Perol M, Ramalingam SS, Smit EF, Gridelli C. International Experts Panel Meeting of the Italian Association of Thoracic Oncology on Antiangiogenetic Drugs for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Realities and Hopes. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:1153-69. [PMID: 27063293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, one of the hallmarks of cancer, occurs when new blood vessels feed malignant cells, providing oxygen and nutrients, promoting tumor growth, and allowing tumor cells to escape into the circulation, thus leading to metastases. To date, a series of antiangiogenic drugs (either monoclonal antibodies or small molecules) have been approved by regulatory agencies for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer, and they are currently available for both first- and second-line therapy. The overall benefit of these drugs seems modest (although clearly significant), especially when administered as a single agent, and there is no clear consensus with regard to which patients should be candidates to receive these drugs across the different disease settings. From the biological perspective, angiogenesis represents a difficult and complex process to explore, given the interference with other key pathways and the dynamic evolution during the disease's history. Indeed, this process is complicated by the presence of multiple targets to hit, polymorphisms, hypoxia-dependent modifications, and epigenetics. These difficulties do not allow capture of which specific key pathways can be identified as biomarkers of efficacy so as to maximize to overall benefit of such drugs. An International Experts Panel Meeting was inspired by the absence of clear recommendations to address which patients should receive antiangiogenic drugs in the context of advanced non-small cell lung cancer so as to support decisions for clinical practice on a daily basis and determine priorities for future research. After a literature review and panelists consensus, a series of recommendations were defined to support decisions for the daily clinical practice and to indicate a potential road map for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo de Marinis
- Thoracic Oncology Division, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Bria
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 'F. Magrassi e A. Lanzara, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Crinò
- Medical Oncology Division, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Frank Griesinger
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Division, Internal Medicine-Oncology, Pius-Hospital Oldenburg, University of Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- VIB Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maurice Perol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | | | - Egbert F Smit
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cesare Gridelli
- Medical Oncology, A.O. 'S.G. Moscati' Hospital, Avellino, Italy.
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Incorporation of Antiangiogenic Therapy Into the Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Paradigm. Clin Lung Cancer 2016; 17:493-506. [PMID: 27381269 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although molecular targeted agents have improved the treatment of lung cancer, their use has largely been restricted to limited subsets of the overall population that carry specific mutations. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from existing networks, is an attractive, more general process for the development of targeted anticancer therapies, because it is critical for the growth of solid tumors, including non-small-cell lung cancer. Growing tissues require a vascular supply within a few millimeters. Therefore, solid tumors create a proangiogenic microenvironment to facilitate the development of new tumor-associated blood vessels, thus providing an adequate vascular supply for continued tumor growth. Antiangiogenic agents can specifically target the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathways, broadly inhibit multiple tyrosine kinases, or interfere with other angiogenic processes, such as disruption of existing tumor vasculature. The present report provides an overview of antiangiogenic therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer, including both currently approved antiangiogenic therapies (bevacizumab [anti-VEGF] and ramucirumab [anti-VEGF receptor 2] monoclonal antibodies), and a variety of promising novel agents in development. Although recent data have demonstrated promising efficacy for some novel agents, the overall development of antiangiogenic therapy has been hampered by redundancy in signaling pathways and the highly heterogeneous nature of tumors. An improved understanding of the molecular basis of angiogenesis will guide the development of new antiangiogenic therapies and the identification of biomarkers to predict which patients with lung cancer are most likely to benefit from antiangiogenic therapy.
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Fronczyk KM, Guindani M, Hobbs BP, Ng CS, Vannucci M. A Bayesian Nonparametric Approach for Functional Data Classification with Application to Hepatic Tissue Characterization. Cancer Inform 2016; 14:151-62. [PMID: 27279730 PMCID: PMC4886897 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s31933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography perfusion (CTp) is an emerging functional imaging technology that provides a quantitative assessment of the passage of fluid through blood vessels. Tissue perfusion plays a critical role in oncology due to the proliferation of networks of new blood vessels typical of cancer angiogenesis, which triggers modifications to the vasculature of the surrounding host tissue. In this article, we consider a Bayesian semiparametric model for the analysis of functional data. This method is applied to a study of four interdependent hepatic perfusion CT characteristics that were acquired under the administration of contrast using a sequence of repeated scans over a period of 590 seconds. More specifically, our modeling framework facilitates borrowing of information across patients and tissues. Additionally, the approach enables flexible estimation of temporal correlation structures exhibited by mappings of the correlated perfusion biomarkers and thus accounts for the heteroskedasticity typically observed in those measurements, by incorporating change-points in the covariance estimation. This method is applied to measurements obtained from regions of liver surrounding malignant and benign tissues, for each perfusion biomarker. We demonstrate how to cluster the liver regions on the basis of their CTp profiles, which can be used in a prediction context to classify regions of interest provided by future patients, and thereby assist in discriminating malignant from healthy tissue regions in diagnostic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra M. Fronczyk
- Research Staff Member, Operational Evaluation Division, Institute for Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Michele Guindani
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian P. Hobbs
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chaan S. Ng
- Professor, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marina Vannucci
- Professor, Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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66
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Eccles SA, Court W, Patterson L. In Vitro Assays for Endothelial Cell Functions Required for Angiogenesis: Proliferation, Motility, Tubular Differentiation, and Matrix Proteolysis. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1430:121-147. [PMID: 27172950 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3628-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This chapter deconstructs the process of angiogenesis into its component parts in order to provide simple assays to measure discrete endothelial cell functions. The techniques described will be suitable for studying stimulators and/or inhibitors of angiogenesis and determining which aspect of the process is modulated. The assays are designed to be robust and straightforward, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells, but with an option to use other sources such as microvascular endothelial cells from various tissues or lymphatic endothelial cells. It must be appreciated that such reductionist approaches cannot cover the complexity of the angiogenic process as a whole, incorporating as it does a myriad of positive and negative signals, three-dimensional interactions with host tissues and many accessory cells including fibroblasts, macrophages, pericytes and platelets. The extent to which in vitro assays predict physiological or pathological processes in vivo (e.g., wound healing, tumor angiogenesis) or surrogate techniques such as the use of Matrigel™ plugs, sponge implants, corneal assays etc remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A Eccles
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Centre for Cancer Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Rd., Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - William Court
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Centre for Cancer Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Rd., Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Lisa Patterson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Centre for Cancer Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Rd., Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
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Ames JJ, Contois L, Caron JM, Tweedie E, Yang X, Friesel R, Vary C, Brooks PC. Identification of an Endogenously Generated Cryptic Collagen Epitope (XL313) That May Selectively Regulate Angiogenesis by an Integrin Yes-associated Protein (YAP) Mechano-transduction Pathway. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:2731-50. [PMID: 26668310 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.669614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling regulates angiogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms by which structural changes in ECM proteins contribute to angiogenesis are not fully understood. Integrins are molecules with the ability to detect compositional and structural changes within the ECM and integrate this information into a network of signaling circuits that coordinate context-dependent cell behavior. The role of integrin αvβ3 in angiogenesis is complex, as evidence exists for both positive and negative functions. The precise downstream signaling events initiated by αvβ3 may depend on the molecular characteristics of its ligands. Here, we identified an RGD-containing cryptic collagen epitope that is generated in vivo. Surprisingly, rather than inhibiting αvβ3 signaling, this collagen epitope promoted αvβ3 activation and stimulated angiogenesis and inflammation. An antibody directed to this RGDKGE epitope but not other RGD collagen epitopes inhibited angiogenesis and inflammation in vivo. The selective ability of this RGD epitope to promote angiogenesis and inflammation depends in part on its flanking KGE motif. Interestingly, a subset of macrophages may represent a physiologically relevant source of this collagen epitope. Here, we define an endothelial cell mechano-signaling pathway in which a cryptic collagen epitope activates αvβ3 leading to an Src and p38 MAPK-dependent cascade that leads to nuclear accumulation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) and stimulation of endothelial cell growth. Collectively, our findings not only provide evidence for a novel mechano-signaling pathway, but also define a possible therapeutic strategy to control αvβ3 signaling by targeting a pro-angiogenic and inflammatory ligand of αvβ3 rather than the receptor itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn J Ames
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine 04074
| | - Liangru Contois
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine 04074
| | - Jennifer M Caron
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine 04074
| | - Eric Tweedie
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine 04074
| | - Xuehui Yang
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine 04074
| | - Robert Friesel
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine 04074
| | - Calvin Vary
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine 04074
| | - Peter C Brooks
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, Maine 04074
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Cesca M, Morosi L, Berndt A, Nerini IF, Frapolli R, Richter P, Decio A, Dirsch O, Micotti E, Giordano S, D'Incalci M, Davoli E, Zucchetti M, Giavazzi R. Bevacizumab-Induced Inhibition of Angiogenesis Promotes a More Homogeneous Intratumoral Distribution of Paclitaxel, Improving the Antitumor Response. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 15:125-35. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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69
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Ugel S, Facciponte JG, De Sanctis F, Facciabene A. Targeting tumor vasculature: expanding the potential of DNA cancer vaccines. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:1339-48. [PMID: 26267042 PMCID: PMC11028665 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the tumor vasculature with anti-angiogenesis modalities is a bona fide validated approach that has complemented cancer treatment paradigms. Tumor vasculature antigens (TVA) can be immunologically targeted and offers multiple theoretical advantages that may enhance existing strategies against cancer. We focused on tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1/CD248) as a model TVA since it is broadly expressed on many different cancers. Our DNA-based vaccine approach demonstrated that CD248 can be effectively targeted immunologically; anti-tumor responses were generated in several mouse models; and CD8(+)/CD4(+) T cell responses were elicited against peptides derived from CD248 protein. Our work supports our contention that CD248 is a novel immunotherapeutic target for cancer treatment and highlights the efficient, safe and translatable use of DNA-based immunotherapy. We next briefly highlight ongoing investigations targeting CD248 with antibodies as a diagnostic imaging agent and as a therapeutic antibody in an early clinical trial. The optimal approach for generating effective DNA-based cancer vaccines for several tumor types may be a combinatorial approach that enhances immunogenicity such as combination with chemotherapy. Additional combination approaches are discussed and include those that alleviate the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment induced by myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T regulatory cells. Targeting the tumor vasculature by CD248-based immunological modalities expands the armamentarium against cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/immunology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/therapy
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ugel
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building II/III, 13th Floor, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - John G. Facciponte
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building II/III, 13th Floor, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Francesco De Sanctis
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building II/III, 13th Floor, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Facciabene
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center (OCRC), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building II/III, 13th Floor, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Martí-Centelles R, Falomir E, Murga J, Carda M, Marco JA. Inhibitory effect of cytotoxic stilbenes related to resveratrol on the expression of the VEGF, hTERT and c-Myc genes. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 103:488-96. [PMID: 26402726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A group of thirty-nine stilbene derivatives, prepared by means of Heck coupling reactions, has been investigated for their cytotoxicity, as well as for their ability to inhibit the production of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the activation of telomerase. The ability of these compounds to inhibit proliferation of two tumoral cell lines (HT-29 and MCF-7) and one non tumoral cell line (HEK-293) was first determined. Subsequently, we determined the capacity of the compounds to inhibit the secretion of VEGF in the aforementioned cell lines and to downregulate the expression of the VEGF, hTERT and c-Myc genes, the two latter involved in the control of the activation of telomerase. One of the synthetic stilbenes, (E)-4-(4-methoxystyryl)aniline, showed strong cytotoxicity and proved able to cause a marked decrease both in the secretion of VEGF and in the expression of the hTERT and c-Myc genes, in all cases at concentrations in the low nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Falomir
- Depart. de Q. Inorgánica y Orgánica, Univ. Jaume I, E-12071, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Juan Murga
- Depart. de Q. Inorgánica y Orgánica, Univ. Jaume I, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Miguel Carda
- Depart. de Q. Inorgánica y Orgánica, Univ. Jaume I, E-12071, Castellón, Spain.
| | - J Alberto Marco
- Depart. de Q. Orgánica, Univ. de Valencia, E-46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Broggini T, Wüstner M, Harms C, Stange L, Blaes J, Thomé C, Harms U, Mueller S, Weiler M, Wick W, Vajkoczy P, Czabanka M. NDRG1 overexpressing gliomas are characterized by reduced tumor vascularization and resistance to antiangiogenic treatment. Cancer Lett 2015; 380:568-576. [PMID: 26297987 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-regulated molecules play an important role in vascular resistance to antiangiogenic treatment. N-myc downstream-regulated-gene 1 (NDRG1) is significantly upregulated during hypoxia in glioma. It was the aim of the present study to analyze the role of NDRG1 on glioma angiogenesis and on antiangiogenic treatment. Orthotopically implanted NDRG1 glioma showed reduced tumor growth and vessel density compared to controls. RT-PCR gene array analysis revealed a 30-fold TNFSF15 increase in NDRG1 tumors. Consequently, the supernatant from NDRG1 transfected U87MG glioma cells resulted in reduced HUVEC proliferation, migration and angiogenic response in tube formation assays in vitro. This effect was provoked by increased TNFSF15 promoter activity in NDRG1 cells. Mutations in NF-κB and AP-1 promoter response elements suppressed TNFSF15 promoter activity. Moreover, U87MG glioma NDRG1 knockdown supernatant contained multiple proangiogenic proteins and increased HUVEC spheroid sprouting. Sunitinib treatment of orhotopically implanted mice reduced tumor volume and vessel density in controls; in NDRG1 overexpressing cells no reduction of tumor volume or vessel density was observed. NDRG1 overexpression leads to reduced tumor growth and angiogenesis in experimental glioma via upregulation of TNFSF15. In NDRG1 overexpressing glioma antiangiogenic treatment does not yield a therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Broggini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurochirurgische Klinik - Universitätsmedizin Charite, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Wüstner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurochirurgische Klinik - Universitätsmedizin Charite, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Harms
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Stange
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurochirurgische Klinik - Universitätsmedizin Charite, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Blaes
- Department of Neurooncology, Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Carina Thomé
- Department of Neurooncology, Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Ulrike Harms
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Mueller
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Weiler
- Department of Neurooncology, Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Department of Neurooncology, Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurochirurgische Klinik - Universitätsmedizin Charite, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Czabanka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurochirurgische Klinik - Universitätsmedizin Charite, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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72
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Ren T, Shan J, Li M, Qing Y, Qian C, Wang G, Li Q, Lu G, Li C, Peng Y, Luo H, Zhang S, Yang Y, Cheng Y, Wang D, Zhou SF. Small-molecule BH3 mimetic and pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor AT-101 enhances the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin through inhibition of APE1 repair and redox activity in non-small-cell lung cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:2887-910. [PMID: 26089640 PMCID: PMC4467754 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s82724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AT-101 is a BH3 mimetic and pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor that has shown potent anticancer activity in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in murine models, but failed to show clinical efficacy when used in combination with docetaxel in NSCLC patients. Our recent study has demonstrated that AT-101 enhanced the antitumor effect of cisplatin (CDDP) in a murine model of NSCLC via inhibition of the interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. This study explored the underlying mechanisms for the enhanced anticancer activity of CDDP by AT-101. Our results show that, when compared with monotherapy, AT-101 significantly enhanced the inhibitory effects of CDDP on proliferation and migration of A549 cells and on tube formation and migration in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. AT-101 promoted the proapoptotic activity of CDDP in A549 cells. AT-101 also enhanced the inhibitory effect of CDDP on DNA repair and redox activities of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in A549 cells. In tumor tissues from nude mice treated with AT-101 plus CDDP or monotherapy, the combination therapy resulted in greater inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation than the monotherapy. These results suggest that AT-101 can enhance the antitumor activity of CDDP in NSCLC via inhibition of APE1 DNA repair and redox activities and by angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis, but other mechanisms cannot be excluded. We are now conducting a Phase II trial to examine the clinical efficacy and safety profile of combined use of AT-101 plus CDDP in advanced NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ren
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jinlu Shan
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Qing
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengyuan Qian
- Department of Oncology, The 97 Hospital of PLA, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangjie Wang
- Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Military District General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Guoshou Lu
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongyi Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Peng
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Luo
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiheng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxing Yang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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73
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Jarosz-Biej M, Smolarczyk R, Cichoń T, Kułach N, Czapla J, Matuszczak S, Szala S. Combined Tumor Cell-Based Vaccination and Interleukin-12 Gene Therapy Polarizes the Tumor Microenvironment in Mice. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 63:451-64. [PMID: 25801067 PMCID: PMC4633448 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression depends on tumor milieu, which influences neovasculature formation and immunosuppression. Combining immunotherapy with antiangiogenic/antivascular therapy might be an effective therapeutic approach. The aim of our study was to elaborate an anticancer therapeutic strategy based on the induction of immune response which leads to polarization of tumor milieu. To achieve this, we developed a tumor cell-based vaccine. CAMEL peptide was used as a B16-F10 cell death-inducing agent. The lysates were used as a vaccine to immunize mice bearing B16-F10 melanoma tumors. To further improve the therapeutic effect of the vaccine, we combined it with interleukin (IL)-12 gene therapy. IL-12, a cytokine with antiangiogenic properties, activates nonspecific and specific immune responses. We observed that combined therapy is significantly more effective (as compared with monotherapies) in inhibiting tumor growth. Furthermore, the tested combination polarizes the tumor microenvironment, which results in a switch from a proangiogenic/immunosuppressive to an antiangiogenic/immunostimulatory one. The switch manifests itself as a decreased number of tumor blood vessels, increased levels of tumor-infiltrating CD4+, CD8+ and NK cells, as well as lower level of suppressor lymphocytes (Treg). Our results suggest that polarizing tumor milieu by such combined therapy does inhibit tumor growth and seems to be a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jarosz-Biej
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Smolarczyk
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Cichoń
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Natalia Kułach
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxycology, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Czapla
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sybilla Matuszczak
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Stanisław Szala
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
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74
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Soler A, Angulo-Urarte A, Graupera M. PI3K at the crossroads of tumor angiogenesis signaling pathways. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 2:e975624. [PMID: 27308431 PMCID: PMC4905058 DOI: 10.4161/23723556.2014.975624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumors need blood vessels for their growth, thus providing the rationale for antiangiogenic therapy in cancer treatment. However, intrinsic and acquired resistance and low response rates have turned out to be major limitations of antiangiogenic therapy. This emphasizes the need to further understand how the vasculature in cancer can be targeted. Although endothelial cells (ECs) rely on multiple growth factors and cytokines to grow, antiangiogenic therapies have mainly centered on targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) form a family of 8 isoenzymes with non-redundant functions in normal biology and cancer. The subgroup of class I PI3Ks are situated at the crossroad of a plethora of proangiogenic signals and control cell growth, survival, motility, and metabolism. These isoenzymes have pleiotropic roles in the tumor microenvironment, including cell-autonomous functions in ECs, underscoring the complexity of targeting this pathway in cancer. Here, we describe how the PI3K axis influences angiogenesis in different cell compartments and summarize the diversity of vascular responses to PI3K inhibition. Targeting PI3K signaling by isoform-selective inhibitors, together with readjusting the current doses below the maximum tolerated dose, may improve clinical responses to class I PI3K anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Soler
- Vascular Signalling Lab; Angiogenesis Unit, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) ; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Angulo-Urarte
- Vascular Signalling Lab; Angiogenesis Unit, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) ; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Vascular Signalling Lab; Angiogenesis Unit, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) ; Barcelona, Spain
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75
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Järveläinen H, Sainio A, Wight TN. Pivotal role for decorin in angiogenesis. Matrix Biol 2015; 43:15-26. [PMID: 25661523 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels, is a highly complex process. It is regulated in a finely-tuned manner by numerous molecules including not only soluble growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and several other growth factors, but also a diverse set of insoluble molecules, particularly collagenous and non-collagenous matrix constituents. In this review we have focused on the role and potential mechanisms of a multifunctional small leucine-rich proteoglycan decorin in angiogenesis. Depending on the cellular and molecular microenvironment where angiogenesis occurs, decorin can exhibit either a proangiogenic or an antiangiogenic activity. Nevertheless, in tumorigenesis-associated angiogenesis and in various inflammatory processes, particularly foreign body reactions and scarring, decorin exhibits an antiangiogenic activity, thus providing a potential basis for the development of decorin-based therapies in these pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Järveläinen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Annele Sainio
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
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76
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Martí-Centelles R, Murga J, Falomir E, Carda M, Alberto Marco J. Inhibitory effect of cytotoxic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic stilbene analogues on VEGF protein secretion and VEGF, hTERT and c-Myc gene expression. MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00197h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-one nitrogen-containing heterocyclic stilbenes were synthesized. Their cytotoxicity and effect on VEGF protein secretion as well asVEGF,hTERTandc-Mycgene expression were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Murga
- Depart. de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica
- Univ. Jaume I
- E-12071 Castellón
- Spain
| | - Eva Falomir
- Depart. de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica
- Univ. Jaume I
- E-12071 Castellón
- Spain
| | - Miguel Carda
- Depart. de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica
- Univ. Jaume I
- E-12071 Castellón
- Spain
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77
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Bupathi M, Kaseb A, Janku F. Angiopoietin 2 as a therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment: current perspectives. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:1927-32. [PMID: 25364263 PMCID: PMC4211614 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s46457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a hypervascular malignancy and is the third leading cause of death worldwide. The disease has multiple predisposing risk factors and limited treatment options. Although the precise mechanism(s) underlying HCC is unknown, several pathways have been implicated in its development. HCC is a vascular tumor and angiogenesis is believed to play an important role in its progression. Hypoxia is believed to increase the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) through the expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. VEGF and angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) are expressed on cancer cells, whereas angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) occurs predominantly in support cells of large blood cells as well as stromal, endothelial, and tumor cells. Ang2 is concomitantly an agonist and antagonist of angiopoietin 1 and is expressed during vascular remodeling. This prevents vascular stability and allows VEGF to stimulate endothelial cells. Ang2 is expressed along with growing blood vessels, destabilizing the vascular integrity. Inhibiting Ang2 can, on the other hand, promote vesicular stability and decrease angiogenesis. We discuss in this review angiopoietin as a therapeutic target alone or in combination with other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojkumar Bupathi
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed Kaseb
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Filip Janku
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Song EK, Tai WM, Messersmith WA, Bagby S, Purkey A, Quackenbush KS, Pitts TM, Wang G, Blatchford P, Yahn R, Kaplan J, Tan AC, Atreya CE, Eckhardt G, Kelley RK, Venook A, Kwak EL, Ryan D, Arcaroli JJ. Potent antitumor activity of cabozantinib, a c-MET and VEGFR2 inhibitor, in a colorectal cancer patient-derived tumor explant model. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1967-75. [PMID: 25242168 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapy is commonly used for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Although patients derive some clinical benefit, treatment resistance inevitably occurs. The MET signaling pathway has been proposed to be a major contributor of resistance to antiangiogenic therapy. MET is upregulated in response to vascular endothelial growth factor pathway inhibition and plays an essential role in tumorigenesis and progression of tumors. In this study, we set out to determine the efficacy of cabozantinib in a preclinical CRC patient-derived tumor xenograft model. We demonstrate potent inhibitory effects on tumor growth in 80% of tumors treated. The greatest antitumor effects were observed in tumors that possess a mutation in the PIK3CA gene. The underlying antitumor mechanisms of cabozantinib consisted of inhibition of angiogenesis and Akt activation and significantly decreased expression of genes involved in the PI3K pathway. These findings support further evaluation of cabozantinib in patients with CRC. PIK3CA mutation as a predictive biomarker of sensitivity is intriguing and warrants further elucidation. A clinical trial of cabozantinib in refractory metastatic CRC is being activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kee Song
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver and University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO; Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Leprivier G, Sorensen PH. How does oncogene transformation render tumor cells hypersensitive to nutrient deprivation? Bioessays 2014; 36:1082-90. [PMID: 25244326 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201400085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oncogene activation leads to cellular transformation by deregulation of biological processes such as proliferation and metabolism. Paradoxically, this can also sensitize cells to nutrient deprivation, potentially representing an Achilles' heel in early stage tumors. The mechanisms underlying this phenotype include loss of energetic and redox homeostasis as a result of metabolic reprogramming, favoring synthesis of macromolecules. Moreover, an emerging mechanism involving the deregulation of mRNA translation elongation through inhibition of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) is presented. The potential consequences of eEF2K deregulation leading to cell death under nutrient depletion are discussed. Finally, the relevance of eEF2K as a master regulator of the response to nutrient deprivation in vivo, and its potential exploitation for therapeutic targeting of cancers, are elaborated. Overall, a better understanding of the adaptive mechanisms allowing tumors to circumvent oncogene-induced hypersensitivity to nutrient deprivation is a promising avenue for uncovering novel therapeutic targets in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Leprivier
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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