51
|
Rocha-Martins M, de Toledo BC, Santos-França PL, Oliveira-Valença VM, Vieira-Vieira CH, Matos-Rodrigues GE, Linden R, Norden C, Martins RAP, Silveira MS. De novo genesis of retinal ganglion cells by targeted expression of Klf4 in vivo. Development 2019; 146:dev.176586. [PMID: 31405994 DOI: 10.1242/dev.176586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration is a hallmark of glaucoma, the most prevalent cause of irreversible blindness. Thus, therapeutic strategies are needed to protect and replace these projection neurons. One innovative approach is to promote de novo genesis of RGCs via manipulation of endogenous cell sources. Here, we demonstrate that the pluripotency regulator gene Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) is sufficient to change the potency of lineage-restricted retinal progenitor cells to generate RGCs in vivo Transcriptome analysis disclosed that the overexpression of Klf4 induces crucial regulators of RGC competence and specification, including Atoh7 and Eya2 In contrast, loss-of-function studies in mice and zebrafish demonstrated that Klf4 is not essential for generation or differentiation of RGCs during retinogenesis. Nevertheless, induced RGCs (iRGCs) generated upon Klf4 overexpression migrate to the proper layer and project axons aligned with endogenous fascicles that reach the optic nerve head. Notably, iRGCs survive for up to 30 days after in vivo generation. We identified Klf4 as a promising candidate for reprogramming retinal cells and regenerating RGCs in the retina.This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Rocha-Martins
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Beatriz C de Toledo
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro L Santos-França
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Viviane M Oliveira-Valença
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Vieira-Vieira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel E Matos-Rodrigues
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Linden
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caren Norden
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rodrigo A P Martins
- Programa de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Silveira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Sánchez-Piña J, Lorenzale M, Fernández MC, Durán AC, Sans-Coma V, Fernández B. Pigmentation of the aortic and pulmonary valves in C57BL/6J x Balb/cByJ hybrid mice of different coat colours. Anat Histol Embryol 2019; 48:429-436. [PMID: 31259435 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest-derived melanocytes have been recorded in several parts of the mammalian heart but not in the pulmonary valve. We report here the presence of melanin-containing cells in the leaflets (cusps) of both the aortic and pulmonary valves. A total of 158 C57BL/6J x Balb/cByJ hybrid mice exhibiting four coat colours, namely black, white, agouti and non-agouti brown, were examined. We sought for any relationship between the presence of melanocytes in the valves and the coat colour of the animals. The pigmentation levels of the leaflets were accomplished using a scale of five pigment intensities. White mice lacked pigment in the heart. In 10.5% of the remaining animals, there were melanocytes in the pulmonary valve leaflets. Thus, this is the first study to report the presence of such cells in the pulmonary valve of mammals. Melanocytes occurred in the leaflets of the aortic valves of 87.2% of mice. The incidence of melanocytes and the pigmentation level of the leaflets did not statistically differ according to the coat colours of the animals. This disagrees with previous observations, indicating that the amount of melanocytes in the heart reflects that of the skin. The incidence and distribution of melanocytes in aortic and pulmonary valves are consistent with the notion that the formation of the arterial valves is mediated by specific subpopulations of neural crest cells. We hypothesize that melanocytes, even not producing melanin, may be more frequent in the heart than previously thought, exerting presumably an immunological function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaira Sánchez-Piña
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Lorenzale
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Carmen Fernández
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana C Durán
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Valentín Sans-Coma
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Borja Fernández
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,CIBERCV Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Mozzini C, Girelli D, Cominacini L, Soresi M. An Exploratory Look at Bicuspid Aortic Valve (Bav) Aortopathy: Focus on Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Curr Probl Cardiol 2019; 46:100425. [PMID: 31097209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart malformation. BAV patients are at increased risk for aortic valve disease (stenosis/regurgitation), infective endocarditis, thrombi formation and, in particular, aortic dilatation, aneurysm and dissection. This review aims at exploring the possible interplay among genetics, extracellular matrix remodeling, abnormal signaling pathways, oxidative stress and inflammation in contributing to BAV-associated aortopathy (BAV-A-A). Novel circulating biomarkers have been proposed as diagnostic tools able to improve risk stratification in BAV-A-A. However, to date, the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms that lead to BAV-A-A remain unknown. Genetic, hemodynamic and cardiovascular risk factors have been implicated in the development and progression of BAV-A-A. Oxidative stress may also play a role, similarly to what observed in atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaque formation. The identification of common pathways between these 2 conditions may provide a platform for future therapeutic solutions.
Collapse
|
54
|
Fiebig C, Keiner S, Ebert B, Schäffner I, Jagasia R, Lie DC, Beckervordersandforth R. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Astrocytes Impairs the Generation of Reactive Astrocytes and Enhances Neuronal Cell Death in the Cortex Upon Photothrombotic Lesion. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:40. [PMID: 30853890 PMCID: PMC6395449 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles in regulating the metabolic state of a cell. In the brain, mitochondrial oxidative metabolism is the prevailing mechanism for neurons to generate ATP. While it is firmly established that neuronal function is highly dependent on mitochondrial metabolism, it is less well-understood how astrocytes function rely on mitochondria. In this study, we investigate if astrocytes require a functional mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and oxidative phosphorylation (oxPhos) under physiological and injury conditions. By immunohistochemistry we show that astrocytes expressed components of the ETC and oxPhos complexes in vivo. Genetic inhibition of mitochondrial transcription by conditional deletion of mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) led to dysfunctional ETC and oxPhos activity, as indicated by aberrant mitochondrial swelling in astrocytes. Mitochondrial dysfunction did not impair survival of astrocytes, but caused a reactive gliosis in the cortex under physiological conditions. Photochemically initiated thrombosis induced ischemic stroke led to formation of hyperfused mitochondrial networks in reactive astrocytes of the perilesional area. Importantly, mitochondrial dysfunction significantly reduced the generation of new astrocytes and increased neuronal cell death in the perilesional area. These results indicate that astrocytes require a functional ETC and oxPhos machinery for proliferation and neuroprotection under injury conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fiebig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silke Keiner
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Birgit Ebert
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Iris Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Ravi Jagasia
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., CNS Discovery, Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Chichung Lie
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruth Beckervordersandforth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Yu W, Ma X, Xu J, Heumüller AW, Fei Z, Feng X, Wang X, Liu K, Li J, Cui G, Peng G, Ji H, Li J, Jing N, Song H, Lin Z, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Zhou B, Zhang L. VGLL4 plays a critical role in heart valve development and homeostasis. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007977. [PMID: 30789911 PMCID: PMC6400400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart valve disease is a major clinical problem worldwide. Cardiac valve development and homeostasis need to be precisely controlled. Hippo signaling is essential for organ development and tissue homeostasis, while its role in valve formation and morphology maintenance remains unknown. VGLL4 is a transcription cofactor in vertebrates and we found it was mainly expressed in valve interstitial cells at the post-EMT stage and was maintained till the adult stage. Tissue specific knockout of VGLL4 in different cell lineages revealed that only loss of VGLL4 in endothelial cell lineage led to valve malformation with expanded expression of YAP targets. We further semi-knockout YAP in VGLL4 ablated hearts, and found hyper proliferation of arterial valve interstitial cells was significantly constrained. These findings suggest that VGLL4 is important for valve development and manipulation of Hippo components would be a potential therapy for preventing the progression of congenital valve disease. VGLL4, a new member of the Hippo pathway, is intensively investigated in inhibition of tumor progression via competing with YAP to bind TEADs, but its role in cardiovascular field remains unclear. Here we generated VGLL4 knockout mouse line and VGLL4-eGFP reporter mouse line. VGLL4-eGFP reporter mouse line showed VGLL4 was mainly expressed in valve interstitial cells from post-EMT stage to adult stage. Genetic loss of function and lineage tracing data demonstrated only endothelial loss of VGLL4 led to valve malformation with up-regulation of YAP targets. Of note, semi-knockout YAP could rescue this phenotype of VGLL4 knockouts. This is the first study to show the Hippo pathway plays a critical role in valve remodeling, maturation and homeostasis. Our findings suggest that mutations in VGLL4 may underlie human congenital heart valve dysplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Andreas Wilhelm Heumüller
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Zhaoliang Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guizhong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangdun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Song
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Masonic medical research institute, Utica, NY, United States of America
| | - Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (ZW); (BZ); (LZ)
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (ZW); (BZ); (LZ)
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (ZW); (BZ); (LZ)
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Méndez-Maldonado K, Vega-López G, Caballero-Chacón S, Aybar MJ, Velasco I. Activation of Hes1 and Msx1 in Transgenic Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Increases Differentiation into Neural Crest Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4025. [PMID: 30551562 PMCID: PMC6321090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) comprises a multipotent cell population that produces peripheral neurons, cartilage, and smooth muscle cells, among other phenotypes. The participation of Hes1 and Msx1 when expressed in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) undergoing NC differentiation is unexplored. In this work, we generated stable mESCs transfected with constructs encoding chimeric proteins in which the ligand binding domain of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is translocated to the nucleus by dexamethasone addition, is fused to either Hes1 (HGR) or Msx1 (MGR), as well as double-transgenic cells (HGR+MGR). These lines continued to express pluripotency markers. Upon NC differentiation, all lines exhibited significantly decreased Sox2 expression and upregulated Sox9, Snai1, and Msx1 expression, indicating NC commitment. Dexamethasone was added to induce nuclear translocation of the chimeric proteins. We found that Collagen IIa transcripts were increased in MGR cells, whereas coactivation of HGR+MGR caused a significant increase in Smooth muscle actin (α-Sma) transcripts. Immunostaining showed that activation in HGR+MGR cells induced higher proportions of β-TUBULIN III⁺, α-SMA⁺ and COL2A1⁺ cells. These findings indicate that nuclear translocation of MSX-1, alone or in combination with HES-1, produce chondrocyte-like cells, and simultaneous activation of HES-1 and MSX-1 increases the generation of smooth muscle and neuronal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Méndez-Maldonado
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular del Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México 14269, México.
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
| | - Guillermo Vega-López
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000ILI, Argentina.
- Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000ILI, Argentina.
| | - Sara Caballero-Chacón
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
| | - Manuel J Aybar
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, CONICET-UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000ILI, Argentina.
- Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000ILI, Argentina.
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular del Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Ciudad de México 14269, México.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Injury and stress responses of adult neural crest-derived cells. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S356-S365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
58
|
Sayed A, Valente M, Sassoon D. Does cardiac development provide heart research with novel therapeutic approaches? F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 30450195 PMCID: PMC6221076 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15609.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic heart progenitors arise at specific spatiotemporal periods that contribute to the formation of distinct cardiac structures. In mammals, the embryonic and fetal heart is hypoxic by comparison to the adult heart. In parallel, the cellular metabolism of the cardiac tissue, including progenitors, undergoes a glycolytic to oxidative switch that contributes to cardiac maturation. While oxidative metabolism is energy efficient, the glycolytic-hypoxic state may serve to maintain cardiac progenitor potential. Consistent with this proposal, the adult epicardium has been shown to contain a reservoir of quiescent cardiac progenitors that are activated in response to heart injury and are hypoxic by comparison to adjacent cardiac tissues. In this review, we discuss the development and potential of the adult epicardium and how this knowledge may provide future therapeutic approaches for cardiac repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeliqua Sayed
- Cellular, Molecular, and Physiological Mechanisms of Heart Failure, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital (HEGP), INSERM U970, F-75737 Paris Cedex 15, Paris, France
| | - Mariana Valente
- Cellular, Molecular, and Physiological Mechanisms of Heart Failure, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital (HEGP), INSERM U970, F-75737 Paris Cedex 15, Paris, France
| | - David Sassoon
- Cellular, Molecular, and Physiological Mechanisms of Heart Failure, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital (HEGP), INSERM U970, F-75737 Paris Cedex 15, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Hamanaka S, Umino A, Sato H, Hayama T, Yanagida A, Mizuno N, Kobayashi T, Kasai M, Suchy FP, Yamazaki S, Masaki H, Yamaguchi T, Nakauchi H. Generation of Vascular Endothelial Cells and Hematopoietic Cells by Blastocyst Complementation. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:988-997. [PMID: 30245211 PMCID: PMC6178562 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the case of organ transplantation accompanied by vascular anastomosis, major histocompatibility complex mismatched vascular endothelial cells become a target for graft rejection. Production of a rejection-free, transplantable organ, therefore, requires simultaneous generation of vascular endothelial cells within the organ. To generate pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived vascular endothelial cells, we performed blastocyst complementation with a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 homozygous mutant blastocyst. This mutation is embryonic lethal at embryonic (E) day 8.5–9.5 due to an early defect in endothelial and hematopoietic cells. The Flk-1 homozygous knockout chimeric mice survived to adulthood for over 1 year without any abnormality, and all vascular endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells were derived from the injected PSCs. This approach could be used in conjunction with other gene knockouts which induce organ deficiency to produce a rejection-free, transplantable organ in which all the organ's cells and vasculature are PSC derived. Flk-1-deficient PSCs did not contribute to vascular endothelial cells in chimeric mice Flk-1-deficient mice survived into adulthood by blastocyst complementation Both vascular endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells were generated from PSCs
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Hamanaka
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ayumi Umino
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tomonari Hayama
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yanagida
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Naoaki Mizuno
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kobayashi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Mariko Kasai
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Fabian Patrik Suchy
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hideki Masaki
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Liu K, Yu W, Tang M, Tang J, Liu X, Liu Q, Li Y, He L, Zhang L, Evans SM, Tian X, Lui KO, Zhou B. A dual genetic tracing system identifies diverse and dynamic origins of cardiac valve mesenchyme. Development 2018; 145:dev.167775. [PMID: 30111655 DOI: 10.1242/dev.167775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In vivo genomic engineering is instrumental for studying developmental biology and regenerative medicine. Development of novel systems with more site-specific recombinases (SSRs) that complement with the commonly used Cre-loxP would be valuable for more precise lineage tracing and genome editing. Here, we introduce a new SSR system via Nigri-nox. By generating tissue-specific Nigri knock-in and its responding nox reporter mice, we show that the Nigri-nox system works efficiently in vivo by targeting specific tissues. As a new orthogonal system to Cre-loxP, Nigri-nox provides an additional control of genetic manipulation. We also demonstrate how the two orthogonal systems Nigri-nox and Cre-loxP could be used simultaneously to map the cell fate of two distinct developmental origins of cardiac valve mesenchyme in the mouse heart, providing dynamics of cellular contribution from different origins for cardiac valve mesenchyme during development. This work provides a proof-of-principle application of the Nigri-nox system for in vivo mouse genomic engineering. Coupled with other SSR systems, Nigri-nox would be valuable for more precise delineation of origins and cell fates during development, diseases and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Muxue Tang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Juan Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiaozhen Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lingjuan He
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xueying Tian
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China .,Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Fard MK, van der Meer F, Sánchez P, Cantuti-Castelvetri L, Mandad S, Jäkel S, Fornasiero EF, Schmitt S, Ehrlich M, Starost L, Kuhlmann T, Sergiou C, Schultz V, Wrzos C, Brück W, Urlaub H, Dimou L, Stadelmann C, Simons M. BCAS1 expression defines a population of early myelinating oligodendrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/419/eaam7816. [PMID: 29212715 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam7816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Investigations into brain function and disease depend on the precise classification of neural cell types. Cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage differ greatly in their morphology, but accurate identification has thus far only been possible for oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and mature oligodendrocytes in humans. We find that breast carcinoma amplified sequence 1 (BCAS1) expression identifies an oligodendroglial subpopulation in the mouse and human brain. These cells are newly formed, myelinating oligodendrocytes that segregate from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and mature oligodendrocytes and mark regions of active myelin formation in development and in the adult. We find that BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are restricted to the fetal and early postnatal human white matter but remain in the cortical gray matter until old age. BCAS1+ oligodendrocytes are reformed after experimental demyelination and found in a proportion of chronic white matter lesions of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) even in a subset of patients with advanced disease. Our work identifies a means to map ongoing myelin formation in health and disease and presents a potential cellular target for remyelination therapies in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam K Fard
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Franziska van der Meer
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paula Sánchez
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Sunit Mandad
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Jäkel
- Department of Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Eugenio F Fornasiero
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmitt
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marc Ehrlich
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Laura Starost
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christina Sergiou
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Verena Schultz
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Wrzos
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.,Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Robert Koch Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leda Dimou
- Department of Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Stadelmann
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Mikael Simons
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, 80805 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 6250 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Blanchart A, Navis AC, Assaife-Lopes N, Usoskin D, Aranda S, Sontheimer J, Ernfors P. UHRF1 Licensed Self-Renewal of Active Adult Neural Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1736-1751. [PMID: 29999568 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the brain continuously seeds new neurons throughout life, but how homeostasis of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) is maintained is incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that the DNA methylation adapter ubiquitin-like, containing PHD and RING finger domains-1 (UHRF1) is expressed in, and regulates proliferation of, the active but not quiescent pool of adult neural progenitor cells. Mice with a neural stem cell-specific deficiency in UHRF1 exhibit a massive depletion of neurogenesis resulting in a collapse of formation of new neurons. In the absence of UHRF1, NSCs unexpectedly remain in the cell cycle but with a 17-fold increased cell cycle length due to a failure of replication phase entry caused by promoter demethylation and derepression of Cdkn1a, which encodes the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. UHRF1 does not affect the proportion progenitor cells active within the cell cycle but among these cells, UHRF1 is critical for licensing replication re-entry. Therefore, this study shows that a UHRF1-Cdkn1a axis is essential for the control of stem cell self-renewal and neurogenesis in the adult brain. Stem Cells 2018;36:1736-1751.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Blanchart
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna C Navis
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Assaife-Lopes
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dmitry Usoskin
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergi Aranda
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jana Sontheimer
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik Ernfors
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Dual Requirement of CHD8 for Chromatin Landscape Establishment and Histone Methyltransferase Recruitment to Promote CNS Myelination and Repair. Dev Cell 2018; 45:753-768.e8. [PMID: 29920279 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Disruptive mutations in chromatin remodeler CHD8 cause autism spectrum disorders, exhibiting widespread white matter abnormalities; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We show that cell-type specific Chd8 deletion in oligodendrocyte progenitors, but not in neurons, results in myelination defects, revealing a cell-intrinsic dependence on CHD8 for oligodendrocyte lineage development, myelination and post-injury remyelination. CHD8 activates expression of BRG1-associated SWI/SNF complexes that in turn activate CHD7, thus initiating a successive chromatin remodeling cascade that orchestrates oligodendrocyte lineage progression. Genomic occupancy analyses reveal that CHD8 establishes an accessible chromatin landscape, and recruits MLL/KMT2 histone methyltransferase complexes distinctively around proximal promoters to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation. Inhibition of histone demethylase activity partially rescues myelination defects of CHD8-deficient mutants. Our data indicate that CHD8 exhibits a dual function through inducing a cascade of chromatin reprogramming and recruiting H3K4 histone methyltransferases to establish oligodendrocyte identity, suggesting potential strategies of therapeutic intervention for CHD8-associated white matter defects.
Collapse
|
64
|
The role of calretinin-expressing granule cells in olfactory bulb functions and odor behavior. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9385. [PMID: 29925844 PMCID: PMC6010413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult mouse olfactory bulb is continuously supplied with new neurons that mostly differentiate into granule cells (GCs). Different subtypes of adult-born GCs have been identified, but their maturational profiles and their roles in bulbar network functioning and odor behavior remain elusive. It is also not known whether the same subpopulations of GCs born during early postnatal life (early-born) or during adulthood (adult-born) differ in their morpho-functional properties. Here, we show that adult-born calretinin-expressing (CR+) and non-expressing (CR−) GCs, as well as early-born CR+ GCs, display distinct inhibitory inputs but indistinguishable excitatory inputs and similar morphological characteristics. The frequencies of inhibitory post-synaptic currents were lower in early-born and adult-born CR+ GCs than in adult-born CR− neurons. These findings were corroborated by the reduced density of gephyrin+ puncta on CR+ GCs. CR+ GCs displayed a higher level of activation following olfactory tasks based on odor discrimination, as determined by an immediate early gene expression analysis. Pharmacogenetic inhibition of CR+ GCs diminished the ability of the mice to discriminate complex odor mixtures. Altogether, our results indicate that distinct inhibitory inputs are received by adult-born CR+ and CR− GCs, that early- and adult-born CR+ neurons have similar morpho-functional properties, and that CR+ GCs are involved in complex odor discrimination tasks.
Collapse
|
65
|
Petrik D, Myoga MH, Grade S, Gerkau NJ, Pusch M, Rose CR, Grothe B, Götz M. Epithelial Sodium Channel Regulates Adult Neural Stem Cell Proliferation in a Flow-Dependent Manner. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 22:865-878.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
66
|
Ueno M, Nakamura Y, Li J, Gu Z, Niehaus J, Maezawa M, Crone SA, Goulding M, Baccei ML, Yoshida Y. Corticospinal Circuits from the Sensory and Motor Cortices Differentially Regulate Skilled Movements through Distinct Spinal Interneurons. Cell Rep 2018; 23:1286-1300.e7. [PMID: 29719245 PMCID: PMC6608728 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the organizational and functional connectivity of the corticospinal (CS) circuits that are essential for voluntary movement. Here, we map the connectivity between CS neurons in the forelimb motor and sensory cortices and various spinal interneurons, demonstrating that distinct CS-interneuron circuits control specific aspects of skilled movements. CS fibers originating in the mouse motor cortex directly synapse onto premotor interneurons, including those expressing Chx10. Lesions of the motor cortex or silencing of spinal Chx10+ interneurons produces deficits in skilled reaching. In contrast, CS neurons in the sensory cortex do not synapse directly onto premotor interneurons, and they preferentially connect to Vglut3+ spinal interneurons. Lesions to the sensory cortex or inhibition of Vglut3+ interneurons cause deficits in food pellet release movements in goal-oriented tasks. These findings reveal that CS neurons in the motor and sensory cortices differentially control skilled movements through distinct CS-spinal interneuron circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Ueno
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan.
| | - Yuka Nakamura
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Jie Li
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Zirong Gu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jesse Niehaus
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Mari Maezawa
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Steven A Crone
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Martyn Goulding
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mark L Baccei
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yutaka Yoshida
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Frik J, Merl-Pham J, Plesnila N, Mattugini N, Kjell J, Kraska J, Gómez RM, Hauck SM, Sirko S, Götz M. Cross-talk between monocyte invasion and astrocyte proliferation regulates scarring in brain injury. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201745294. [PMID: 29632244 PMCID: PMC5934774 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Scar formation after brain injury is still poorly understood. To further elucidate such processes, here, we examine the interplay between astrocyte proliferation taking place predominantly at the vascular interface and monocyte invasion. Using genetic mouse models that decrease or increase reactive astrocyte proliferation, we demonstrate inverse effects on monocyte numbers in the injury site. Conversely, reducing monocyte invasion using CCR2-/- mice causes a strong increase in astrocyte proliferation, demonstrating an intriguing negative cross-regulation between these cell types at the vascular interface. CCR2-/- mice show reduced scar formation with less extracellular matrix deposition, smaller lesion site and increased neuronal coverage. Surprisingly, the GFAP+ scar area in these mice is also significantly decreased despite increased astrocyte proliferation. Proteomic analysis at the peak of increased astrocyte proliferation reveals a decrease in extracellular matrix synthesizing enzymes in the injury sites of CCR2-/- mice, highlighting how early key aspects of scar formation are initiated. Taken together, we provide novel insights into the cross-regulation of juxtavascular proliferating astrocytes and invading monocytes as a crucial mechanism of scar formation upon brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesica Frik
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.,Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Research Unit for Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Plesnila
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Experimental Stroke Research, University of Munich Medical School, Munich, Germany.,SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster Systems Neurology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicola Mattugini
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jacob Kjell
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonas Kraska
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ricardo M Gómez
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit for Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Swetlana Sirko
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany .,Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany .,Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.,SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster Systems Neurology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Kumar A, D'Souza SS, Moskvin OV, Toh H, Wang B, Zhang J, Swanson S, Guo LW, Thomson JA, Slukvin II. Specification and Diversification of Pericytes and Smooth Muscle Cells from Mesenchymoangioblasts. Cell Rep 2018; 19:1902-1916. [PMID: 28564607 PMCID: PMC6428685 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the pathways that lead to vasculogenic cells, and being able to identify their progenitors and lineage-restricted cells, is critical to the establishment of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) models for vascular diseases and development of vascular therapies. Here, we find that mesoderm-derived pericytes (PCs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) originate from a clonal mesenchymal progenitor mesenchymoangioblast (MB). In clonogenic cultures, MBs differentiate into primitive PDGFRβ+ CD271+CD73− mesenchymal progenitors, which give rise to proliferative PCs, SMCs, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. MB-derived PCs can be further specified to CD274+ capillary and DLK1+ arteriolar PCs with a proinflammatory and contractile phenotype, respectively. SMC maturation was induced using a MEK inhibitor. Establishing the vasculogenic lineage tree, along with identification of stage- and lineage-specific markers, provides a platform for interrogating the molecular mechanisms that regulate vasculogenic cell specification and diversification and manufacturing well-defined mural cell populations for vascular engineering and cellular therapies from hPSCs. Kumar et al. find that mesodermal pericytes and smooth muscle cells in human pluripotent stem cell cultures originate from a common endothelial and mesenchymal cell precursor, the mesenchymoangioblast. They show how different lineages of mural cells are specified from mesenchymoangioblasts and define stage- and lineage-specific markers for vasculogenic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Kumar
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Saritha Sandra D'Souza
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Oleg V Moskvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53703, USA
| | - Huishi Toh
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Jue Zhang
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53707, USA
| | - Scott Swanson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53707, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - James A Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53707, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53707, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Igor I Slukvin
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53707, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Wu LMN, Deng Y, Wang J, Zhao C, Wang J, Rao R, Xu L, Zhou W, Choi K, Rizvi TA, Remke M, Rubin JB, Johnson RL, Carroll TJ, Stemmer-Rachamimov AO, Wu J, Zheng Y, Xin M, Ratner N, Lu QR. Programming of Schwann Cells by Lats1/2-TAZ/YAP Signaling Drives Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:292-308.e7. [PMID: 29438698 PMCID: PMC5813693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are highly aggressive Schwann cell (SC)-lineage-derived sarcomas. Molecular events driving SC-to-MPNST transformation are incompletely understood. Here, we show that human MPNSTs exhibit elevated HIPPO-TAZ/YAP expression, and that TAZ/YAP hyperactivity in SCs caused by Lats1/2 loss potently induces high-grade nerve-associated tumors with full penetrance. Lats1/2 deficiency reprograms SCs to a cancerous, progenitor-like phenotype and promotes hyperproliferation. Conversely, disruption of TAZ/YAP activity alleviates tumor burden in Lats1/2-deficient mice and inhibits human MPNST cell proliferation. Moreover, genome-wide profiling reveals that TAZ/YAP-TEAD1 directly activates oncogenic programs, including platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signaling. Co-targeting TAZ/YAP and PDGFR pathways inhibits tumor growth. Thus, our findings establish a previously unrecognized convergence between Lats1/2-TAZ/YAP signaling and MPNST pathogenesis, revealing potential therapeutic targets in these untreatable tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lai Man Natalie Wu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yaqi Deng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Chuntao Zhao
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Rohit Rao
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lingli Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kwangmin Choi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Tilat A Rizvi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Marc Remke
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology, Neuropathology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany; Department of Pediatric Neuro-Oncogenomics, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Randy L Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Thomas J Carroll
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anat O Stemmer-Rachamimov
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mei Xin
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nancy Ratner
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Gu Z, Kalambogias J, Yoshioka S, Han W, Li Z, Kawasawa YI, Pochareddy S, Li Z, Liu F, Xu X, Wijeratne HRS, Ueno M, Blatz E, Salomone J, Kumanogoh A, Rasin MR, Gebelein B, Weirauch MT, Sestan N, Martin JH, Yoshida Y. Control of species-dependent cortico-motoneuronal connections underlying manual dexterity. Science 2018; 357:400-404. [PMID: 28751609 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan3721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Superior manual dexterity in higher primates emerged together with the appearance of cortico-motoneuronal (CM) connections during the evolution of the mammalian corticospinal (CS) system. Previously thought to be specific to higher primates, we identified transient CM connections in early postnatal mice, which are eventually eliminated by Sema6D-PlexA1 signaling. PlexA1 mutant mice maintain CM connections into adulthood and exhibit superior manual dexterity as compared with that of controls. Last, differing PlexA1 expression in layer 5 of the motor cortex, which is strong in wild-type mice but weak in humans, may be explained by FEZF2-mediated cis-regulatory elements that are found only in higher primates. Thus, species-dependent regulation of PlexA1 expression may have been crucial in the evolution of mammalian CS systems that improved fine motor control in higher primates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zirong Gu
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - John Kalambogias
- Department of Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA.,Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Shin Yoshioka
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Wenqi Han
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Basic Medical School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P.R. China
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Institute for Personalized Medicine, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, PA 17033, USA
| | - Sirisha Pochareddy
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Fuchen Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xuming Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - H. R. Sagara Wijeratne
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Emily Blatz
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joseph Salomone
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mladen-Roko Rasin
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Brian Gebelein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Division of Biomedical Informatics, and Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - John H Martin
- Department of Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY 10031, USA. .,Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Yutaka Yoshida
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Odelin G, Faure E, Coulpier F, Di Bonito M, Bajolle F, Studer M, Avierinos JF, Charnay P, Topilko P, Zaffran S. Krox20 defines a subpopulation of cardiac neural crest cells contributing to arterial valves and bicuspid aortic valve. Development 2018; 145:dev.151944. [PMID: 29158447 DOI: 10.1242/dev.151944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although cardiac neural crest cells are required at early stages of arterial valve development, their contribution during valvular leaflet maturation remains poorly understood. Here, we show in mouse that neural crest cells from pre-otic and post-otic regions make distinct contributions to the arterial valve leaflets. Genetic fate-mapping analysis of Krox20-expressing neural crest cells shows a large contribution to the borders and the interleaflet triangles of the arterial valves. Loss of Krox20 function results in hyperplastic aortic valve and partially penetrant bicuspid aortic valve formation. Similar defects are observed in neural crest Krox20-deficient embryos. Genetic lineage tracing in Krox20-/- mutant mice shows that endothelial-derived cells are normal, whereas neural crest-derived cells are abnormally increased in number and misplaced in the valve leaflets. In contrast, genetic ablation of Krox20-expressing cells is not sufficient to cause an aortic valve defect, suggesting that adjacent cells can compensate this depletion. Our findings demonstrate a crucial role for Krox20 in arterial valve development and reveal that an excess of neural crest cells may be associated with bicuspid aortic valve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Odelin
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Faure
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France
| | - Fanny Coulpier
- INSERM, U1024, IBENS, École normale supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8197, IBENS, École normale supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maria Di Bonito
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06108 Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Fanny Bajolle
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes (M3C), Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Michèle Studer
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06108 Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-François Avierinos
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France.,Service de cardiologie, Hôpital de la Timone, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Charnay
- INSERM, U1024, IBENS, École normale supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8197, IBENS, École normale supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Piotr Topilko
- INSERM, U1024, IBENS, École normale supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8197, IBENS, École normale supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Mohan RA, Boukens BJ, Christoffels VM. Developmental Origin of the Cardiac Conduction System: Insight from Lineage Tracing. Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:1107-1114. [PMID: 29774393 PMCID: PMC6096846 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-018-1906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The components of the cardiac conduction system (CCS) generate and propagate the electrical impulse that initiates cardiac contraction. These interconnected components share properties, such as automaticity, that set them apart from the working myocardium of the atria and ventricles. A variety of tools and approaches have been used to define the CCS lineages. These include genetic labeling of cells expressing lineage markers and fate mapping of dye labeled cells, which we will discuss in this review. We conclude that there is not a single CCS lineage, but instead early cell fate decisions segregate the lineages of the CCS components while they remain interconnected. The latter is relevant for development of therapies for conduction system disease that focus on reprogramming cardiomyocytes or instruction of pluripotent stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv A. Mohan
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan J. Boukens
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Hosford BE, Rowley S, Liska JP, Danzer SC. Ablation of peri-insult generated granule cells after epilepsy onset halts disease progression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:18015. [PMID: 29269775 PMCID: PMC5740143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant integration of newborn hippocampal granule cells is hypothesized to contribute to the development of temporal lobe epilepsy. To test this hypothesis, we used a diphtheria toxin receptor expression system to selectively ablate these cells from the epileptic mouse brain. Epileptogenesis was initiated using the pilocarpine status epilepticus model in male and female mice. Continuous EEG monitoring was begun 2–3 months after pilocarpine treatment. Four weeks into the EEG recording period, at a time when spontaneous seizures were frequent, mice were treated with diphtheria toxin to ablate peri-insult generated newborn granule cells, which were born in the weeks just before and after pilocarpine treatment. EEG monitoring continued for another month after cell ablation. Ablation halted epilepsy progression relative to untreated epileptic mice; the latter showing a significant and dramatic 300% increase in seizure frequency. This increase was prevented in treated mice. Ablation did not, however, cause an immediate reduction in seizures, suggesting that peri-insult generated cells mediate epileptogenesis, but that seizures per se are initiated elsewhere in the circuit. These findings demonstrate that targeted ablation of newborn granule cells can produce a striking improvement in disease course, and that the treatment can be effective when applied months after disease onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany E Hosford
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Shane Rowley
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - John P Liska
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Steve C Danzer
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,Departments of Anesthesia and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA. .,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Sato S, Furuta Y, Kawakami K. Regulation of continuous but complex expression pattern of Six1 during early sensory development. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:250-261. [PMID: 29106072 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vertebrates, cranial sensory placodes give rise to neurosensory and endocrine structures, such as the olfactory epithelium, inner ear, and anterior pituitary. We report here the establishment of a transgenic mouse line that expresses Cre recombinase under the control of Six1-21, a major placodal enhancer of the homeobox gene Six1. RESULTS In the new Cre-expressing line, mSix1-21-NLSCre, the earliest Cre-mediated recombination was induced at embryonic day 8.5 in the region overlapping with the otic-epibranchial progenitor domain (OEPD), a transient, common precursor domain for the otic and epibranchial placodes. Recombination was later observed in the OEPD-derived structures (the entire inner ear and the VIIth-Xth cranial sensory ganglia), olfactory epithelium, anterior pituitary, pharyngeal ectoderm and pouches. Other Six1-positive structures, such as salivary/lacrimal glands and limb buds, were also positive for recombination. Moreover, comparison with another mouse line expressing Cre under the control of the sensory neuron enhancer, Six1-8, indicated that the continuous and complex expression pattern of Six1 during sensory organ formation is pieced together by separate enhancers. CONCLUSIONS mSix1-21-NLSCre has several unique characteristics to make it suitable for analysis of cell lineage and gene function in sensory placodes as well as nonplacodal Six1-positive structures. Developmental Dynamics 247:250-261, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Sato
- Division of Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Furuta
- Animal Resource Development Unit and Genetic Engineering Team, Division of Bio-function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kawakami
- Division of Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Targeted deletion of RANKL in M cell inducer cells by the Col6a1-Cre driver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:437-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
76
|
Milstone ZJ, Lawson G, Trivedi CM. Histone deacetylase 1 and 2 are essential for murine neural crest proliferation, pharyngeal arch development, and craniofacial morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:1015-1026. [PMID: 28791750 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craniofacial anomalies involve defective pharyngeal arch development and neural crest function. Copy number variation at 1p35, containing histone deacetylase 1 (Hdac1), or 6q21-22, containing Hdac2, are implicated in patients with craniofacial defects, suggesting an important role in guiding neural crest development. However, the roles of Hdac1 and Hdac2 within neural crest cells remain unknown. RESULTS The neural crest and its derivatives express both Hdac1 and Hdac2 during early murine development. Ablation of Hdac1 and Hdac2 within murine neural crest progenitor cells cause severe hemorrhage, atrophic pharyngeal arches, defective head morphogenesis, and complete embryonic lethality. Embryos lacking Hdac1 and Hdac2 in the neural crest exhibit decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis in both the neural tube and the first pharyngeal arch. Mechanistically, loss of Hdac1 and Hdac2 upregulates cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors Cdkn1a, Cdkn1b, Cdkn1c, Cdkn2b, Cdkn2c, and Tp53 within the first pharyngeal arch. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that Hdac1 and Hdac2 function redundantly within the neural crest to regulate proliferation and the development of the pharyngeal arches by means of repression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Developmental Dynamics 246:1015-1026, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Milstone
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Grace Lawson
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Chinmay M Trivedi
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Falk S, Bugeon S, Ninkovic J, Pilz GA, Postiglione MP, Cremer H, Knoblich JA, Götz M. Time-Specific Effects of Spindle Positioning on Embryonic Progenitor Pool Composition and Adult Neural Stem Cell Seeding. Neuron 2017; 93:777-791.e3. [PMID: 28231465 PMCID: PMC5338691 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The developmental mechanisms regulating the number of adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) are largely unknown. Here we show that the cleavage plane orientation in murine embryonic radial glia cells (RGCs) regulates the number of aNSCs in the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE). Randomizing spindle orientation in RGCs by overexpression of Insc or a dominant-negative form of Lgn (dnLgn) reduces the frequency of self-renewing asymmetric divisions while favoring symmetric divisions generating two SNPs. Importantly, these changes during embryonic development result in reduced seeding of aNSCs. Interestingly, no effects on aNSC numbers were observed when Insc was overexpressed in postnatal RGCs or aNSCs. These data suggest a new mechanism for controlling aNSC numbers and show that the role of spindle orientation during brain development is highly time and region dependent. Randomization of the spindle orientation changes the progenitor pool composition Overexpression of Insc or dnLgn reduces asymmetric self-renewing division of aRGCs The change in embryonic progenitor pool leads to reduced seeding of adult NSCs Insc influences the seeding of adult NSCs in a narrow developmental time window
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Falk
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, 82152 Planegg/Munich, Germany
| | - Stéphane Bugeon
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IBDM, UMR7288, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, 82152 Planegg/Munich, Germany
| | - Gregor-Alexander Pilz
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Pia Postiglione
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harold Cremer
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IBDM, UMR7288, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Jürgen A Knoblich
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, 82152 Planegg/Munich, Germany; SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, 82152 Planegg/Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Skilled Movements Require Non-apoptotic Bax/Bak Pathway-Mediated Corticospinal Circuit Reorganization. Neuron 2017; 94:626-641.e4. [PMID: 28472660 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Early postnatal mammals, including human babies, can perform only basic motor tasks. The acquisition of skilled behaviors occurs later, requiring anatomical changes in neural circuitry to support the development of coordinated activation or suppression of functionally related muscle groups. How this circuit reorganization occurs during postnatal development remains poorly understood. Here we explore the connectivity between corticospinal (CS) neurons in the motor cortex and muscles in mice. Using trans-synaptic viral and electrophysiological assays, we identify the early postnatal reorganization of CS circuitry for antagonistic muscle pairs. We further show that this synaptic rearrangement requires the activity-dependent, non-apoptotic Bax/Bak-caspase signaling cascade. Adult Bax/Bak mutant mice exhibit aberrant co-activation of antagonistic muscle pairs and skilled grasping deficits but normal reaching and retrieval behaviors. Our findings reveal key cellular and molecular mechanisms driving postnatal motor circuit reorganization and the resulting impacts on muscle activation patterns and the execution of skilled movements.
Collapse
|
79
|
Ablation of Newly Generated Hippocampal Granule Cells Has Disease-Modifying Effects in Epilepsy. J Neurosci 2017; 36:11013-11023. [PMID: 27798182 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1371-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal granule cells generated in the weeks before and after an epileptogenic brain injury can integrate abnormally into the dentate gyrus, potentially mediating temporal lobe epileptogenesis. Previous studies have demonstrated that inhibiting granule cell production before an epileptogenic brain insult can mitigate epileptogenesis. Here, we extend upon these findings by ablating newly generated cells after the epileptogenic insult using a conditional, inducible diphtheria-toxin receptor expression strategy in mice. Diphtheria-toxin receptor expression was induced among granule cells born up to 5 weeks before pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus and these cells were then eliminated beginning 3 d after the epileptogenic injury. This treatment produced a 50% reduction in seizure frequency, but also a 20% increase in seizure duration, when the animals were examined 2 months later. These findings provide the first proof-of-concept data demonstrating that granule cell ablation therapy applied at a clinically relevant time point after injury can have disease-modifying effects in epilepsy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT These findings support the long-standing hypothesis that newly generated dentate granule cells are pro-epileptogenic and contribute to the occurrence of seizures. This work also provides the first evidence that ablation of newly generated granule cells can be an effective therapy when begun at a clinically relevant time point after an epileptogenic insult. The present study also demonstrates that granule cell ablation, while reducing seizure frequency, paradoxically increases seizure duration. This paradoxical effect may reflect a disruption of homeostatic mechanisms that normally act to reduce seizure duration, but only when seizures occur frequently.
Collapse
|
80
|
Synapse Formation in Monosynaptic Sensory-Motor Connections Is Regulated by Presynaptic Rho GTPase Cdc42. J Neurosci 2017; 36:5724-35. [PMID: 27225763 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2146-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Spinal reflex circuit development requires the precise regulation of axon trajectories, synaptic specificity, and synapse formation. Of these three crucial steps, the molecular mechanisms underlying synapse formation between group Ia proprioceptive sensory neurons and motor neurons is the least understood. Here, we show that the Rho GTPase Cdc42 controls synapse formation in monosynaptic sensory-motor connections in presynaptic, but not postsynaptic, neurons. In mice lacking Cdc42 in presynaptic sensory neurons, proprioceptive sensory axons appropriately reach the ventral spinal cord, but significantly fewer synapses are formed with motor neurons compared with wild-type mice. Concordantly, electrophysiological analyses show diminished EPSP amplitudes in monosynaptic sensory-motor circuits in these mutants. Temporally targeted deletion of Cdc42 in sensory neurons after sensory-motor circuit establishment reveals that Cdc42 does not affect synaptic transmission. Furthermore, addition of the synaptic organizers, neuroligins, induces presynaptic differentiation of wild-type, but not Cdc42-deficient, proprioceptive sensory neurons in vitro Together, our findings demonstrate that Cdc42 in presynaptic neurons is required for synapse formation in monosynaptic sensory-motor circuits. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Group Ia proprioceptive sensory neurons form direct synapses with motor neurons, but the molecular mechanisms underlying synapse formation in these monosynaptic sensory-motor connections are unknown. We show that deleting Cdc42 in sensory neurons does not affect proprioceptive sensory axon targeting because axons reach the ventral spinal cord appropriately, but these neurons form significantly fewer presynaptic terminals on motor neurons. Electrophysiological analysis further shows that EPSPs are decreased in these mice. Finally, we demonstrate that Cdc42 is involved in neuroligin-dependent presynaptic differentiation of proprioceptive sensory neurons in vitro These data suggest that Cdc42 in presynaptic sensory neurons is essential for proper synapse formation in the development of monosynaptic sensory-motor circuits.
Collapse
|
81
|
Long-term Fate Mapping to Assess the Impact of Postnatal Isoflurane Exposure on Hippocampal Progenitor Cell Productivity. Anesthesiology 2017; 125:1159-1170. [PMID: 27655218 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to isoflurane increases apoptosis among postnatally generated hippocampal dentate granule cells. These neurons play important roles in cognition and behavior, so their permanent loss could explain deficits after surgical procedures. METHODS To determine whether developmental anesthesia exposure leads to persistent deficits in granule cell numbers, a genetic fate-mapping approach to label a cohort of postnatally generated granule cells in Gli1-CreER::GFP bitransgenic mice was utilized. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression was induced on postnatal day 7 (P7) to fate map progenitor cells, and mice were exposed to 6 h of 1.5% isoflurane or room air 2 weeks later (P21). Brain structure was assessed immediately after anesthesia exposure (n = 7 controls and 8 anesthesia-treated mice) or after a 60-day recovery (n = 8 controls and 8 anesthesia-treated mice). A final group of C57BL/6 mice was exposed to isoflurane at P21 and examined using neurogenesis and cell death markers after a 14-day recovery (n = 10 controls and 16 anesthesia-treated mice). RESULTS Isoflurane significantly increased apoptosis immediately after exposure, leading to cell death among 11% of GFP-labeled cells. Sixty days after isoflurane exposure, the number of GFP-expressing granule cells in treated animals was indistinguishable from control animals. Rates of neurogenesis were equivalent among groups at both 2 weeks and 2 months after treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the dentate gyrus can restore normal neuron numbers after a single, developmental exposure to isoflurane. The authors' results do not preclude the possibility that the affected population may exhibit more subtle structural or functional deficits. Nonetheless, the dentate appears to exhibit greater resiliency relative to nonneurogenic brain regions, which exhibit permanent neuron loss after isoflurane exposure.
Collapse
|
82
|
The complex genetics of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1152-1159. [PMID: 28530678 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects up to 1% of live births. Although a genetic etiology is indicated by an increased recurrence risk, sporadic occurrence suggests that CHD genetics is complex. Here, we show that hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), a severe CHD, is multigenic and genetically heterogeneous. Using mouse forward genetics, we report what is, to our knowledge, the first isolation of HLHS mutant mice and identification of genes causing HLHS. Mutations from seven HLHS mouse lines showed multigenic enrichment in ten human chromosome regions linked to HLHS. Mutations in Sap130 and Pcdha9, genes not previously associated with CHD, were validated by CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in mice as being digenic causes of HLHS. We also identified one subject with HLHS with SAP130 and PCDHA13 mutations. Mouse and zebrafish modeling showed that Sap130 mediates left ventricular hypoplasia, whereas Pcdha9 increases penetrance of aortic valve abnormalities, both signature HLHS defects. These findings show that HLHS can arise genetically in a combinatorial fashion, thus providing a new paradigm for the complex genetics of CHD.
Collapse
|
83
|
Lineages of the Cardiac Conduction System. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2017; 4:jcdd4020005. [PMID: 29367537 PMCID: PMC5715704 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd4020005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac conduction system (CCS) initiates and coordinately propagates the electrical impulse to orchestrate the heartbeat. It consists of a set of interconnected components with shared properties. A better understanding of the origin and specification of CCS lineages has allowed us to better comprehend the etiology of CCS disease and has provided leads for development of therapies. A variety of technologies and approaches have been used to investigate CCS lineages, which will be summarized in this review. The findings imply that there is not a single CCS lineage. In contrast, early cell fate decisions segregate the lineages of the CCS components while they remain connected to each other.
Collapse
|
84
|
A reciprocal regulatory loop between TAZ/YAP and G-protein Gαs regulates Schwann cell proliferation and myelination. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15161. [PMID: 28443644 PMCID: PMC5414202 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cell (SC) myelination in the peripheral nervous system is essential for motor function, and uncontrolled SC proliferation occurs in cancer. Here, we show that a dual role for Hippo effectors TAZ and YAP in SC proliferation and myelination through modulating G-protein expression and interacting with SOX10, respectively. Developmentally regulated mutagenesis indicates that TAZ/YAP are critical for SC proliferation and differentiation in a stage-dependent manner. Genome-wide occupancy mapping and transcriptome profiling reveal that nuclear TAZ/YAP promote SC proliferation by activating cell cycle regulators, while targeting critical differentiation regulators in cooperation with SOX10 for myelination. We further identify that TAZ targets and represses Gnas, encoding Gαs-protein, which opposes TAZ/YAP activities to decelerate proliferation. Gnas deletion expands SC precursor pools and blocks peripheral myelination. Thus, the Hippo/TAZ/YAP and Gαs-protein feedback circuit functions as a fulcrum balancing SC proliferation and differentiation, providing insights into molecular programming of SC lineage progression and homeostasis. The Hippo pathway has recently been implicated in Schwann cell (SC) development and myelination. Here the authors reveal mechanistic insights into how TAZ and YAP regulate and interact with target genes; they further identify a negative feedback loop between TAZ/YAP and G protein Gαs that balances SC proliferation and differentiation.
Collapse
|
85
|
Chen G, Ishan M, Yang J, Kishigami S, Fukuda T, Scott G, Ray MK, Sun C, Chen SY, Komatsu Y, Mishina Y, Liu HX. Specific and spatial labeling of P0-Cre versus Wnt1-Cre in cranial neural crest in early mouse embryos. Genesis 2017; 55. [PMID: 28371069 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
P0-Cre and Wnt1-Cre mouse lines have been widely used in combination with loxP-flanked mice to label and genetically modify neural crest (NC) cells and their derivatives. Wnt1-Cre has been regarded as the gold standard and there have been concerns about the specificity of P0-Cre because it is not clear about the timing and spatial distribution of the P0-Cre transgene in labeling NC cells at early embryonic stages. We re-visited P0-Cre and Wnt1-Cre models in the labeling of NC cells in early mouse embryos with a focus on cranial NC. We found that R26-lacZ Cre reporter responded to Cre activity more reliably than CAAG-lacZ Cre reporter during early embryogenesis. Cre immunosignals in P0-Cre and reporter (lacZ and RFP) activity in P0-Cre/R26-lacZ and P0-Cre/R26-RFP embryos was detected in the cranial NC and notochord regions in E8.0-9.5 (4-19 somites) embryos. P0-Cre transgene expression was observed in migrating NC cells and was more extensive in the forebrain and hindbrain but not apparent in the midbrain. Differences in the Cre distribution patterns of P0-Cre and Wnt1-Cre were profound in the midbrain and hindbrain regions, that is, extensive in the midbrain of Wnt1-Cre and in the hindbrain of P0-Cre embryos. The difference between P0-Cre and Wnt1-Cre in labeling cranial NC may provide a better explanation of the differential distributions of their NC derivatives and of the phenotypes caused by Cre-driven genetic modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiqian Chen
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - Mohamed Ishan
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - Jingwen Yang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
| | - Satoshi Kishigami
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Greg Scott
- Knockout Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Manas K Ray
- Knockout Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Chenming Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - Yoshihiro Komatsu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.,Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109.,Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709.,Knockout Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Hong-Xiang Liu
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
|
87
|
Wu B, Wang Y, Xiao F, Butcher JT, Yutzey KE, Zhou B. Developmental Mechanisms of Aortic Valve Malformation and Disease. Annu Rev Physiol 2017; 79:21-41. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingruo Wu
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461;
| | - Yidong Wang
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461;
| | - Feng Xiao
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461;
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029 China
| | - Jonathan T. Butcher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;
| | - Katherine E. Yutzey
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229;
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461;
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029 China
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Beckervordersandforth R, Ebert B, Schäffner I, Moss J, Fiebig C, Shin J, Moore DL, Ghosh L, Trinchero MF, Stockburger C, Friedland K, Steib K, von Wittgenstein J, Keiner S, Redecker C, Hölter SM, Xiang W, Wurst W, Jagasia R, Schinder AF, Ming GL, Toni N, Jessberger S, Song H, Lie DC. Role of Mitochondrial Metabolism in the Control of Early Lineage Progression and Aging Phenotypes in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Neuron 2017; 93:560-573.e6. [PMID: 28111078 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Precise regulation of cellular metabolism is hypothesized to constitute a vital component of the developmental sequence underlying the life-long generation of hippocampal neurons from quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs). The identity of stage-specific metabolic programs and their impact on adult neurogenesis are largely unknown. We show that the adult hippocampal neurogenic lineage is critically dependent on the mitochondrial electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation machinery at the stage of the fast proliferating intermediate progenitor cell. Perturbation of mitochondrial complex function by ablation of the mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) reproduces multiple hallmarks of aging in hippocampal neurogenesis, whereas pharmacological enhancement of mitochondrial function ameliorates age-associated neurogenesis defects. Together with the finding of age-associated alterations in mitochondrial function and morphology in NSCs, these data link mitochondrial complex function to efficient lineage progression of adult NSCs and identify mitochondrial function as a potential target to ameliorate neurogenesis-defects in the aging hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Beckervordersandforth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Birgit Ebert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Iris Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Moss
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Fiebig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jaehoon Shin
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Darcie L Moore
- Brain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laboni Ghosh
- Brain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariela F Trinchero
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Leloir Institute (IIBBA, CONICET), C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carola Stockburger
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Steib
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia von Wittgenstein
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silke Keiner
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Redecker
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Sabine M Hölter
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wei Xiang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ravi Jagasia
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CNS Discovery; Pharma Research and Early Development, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro F Schinder
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Leloir Institute (IIBBA, CONICET), C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nicolas Toni
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Jessberger
- Brain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hongjun Song
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - D Chichung Lie
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
McGovern MM, Brancheck J, Grant AC, Graves KA, Cox BC. Quantitative Analysis of Supporting Cell Subtype Labeling Among CreER Lines in the Neonatal Mouse Cochlea. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2016; 18:227-245. [PMID: 27873085 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-016-0598-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Four CreER lines that are commonly used in the auditory field to label cochlear supporting cells (SCs) are expressed in multiple SC subtypes, with some lines also showing reporter expression in hair cells (HCs). We hypothesized that altering the tamoxifen dose would modify CreER expression and target subsets of SCs. We also used two different reporter lines, ROSA26 tdTomato and CAG-eGFP, to achieve the same goal. Our results confirm previous reports that Sox2 CreERT2 and Fgfr3-iCreER T2 are not only expressed in neonatal SCs but also in HCs. Decreasing the tamoxifen dose did not reduce HC expression for Sox2 CreERT2 , but changing to the CAG-eGFP reporter decreased reporter-positive HCs sevenfold. However, there was also a significant decrease in the number of reporter-positive SCs. In contrast, there was a large reduction in reporter-positive HCs in Fgfr3-iCreER T2 mice with the lowest tamoxifen dose tested yet only limited reduction in SC labeling. The targeting of reporter expression to inner phalangeal and border cells was increased when Plp-CreER T2 was paired with the CAG-eGFP reporter; however, the total number of labeled cells decreased. Changes to the tamoxifen dose or reporter line with Prox1 CreERT2 caused minimal changes. Our data demonstrate that modifications to the tamoxifen dose or the use of different reporter lines may be successful in narrowing the numbers and/or types of cells labeled, but each CreER line responded differently. When the ROSA26 tdTomato reporter was combined with any of the four CreER lines, there was no difference in the number of tdTomato-positive cells after one or two injections of tamoxifen given at birth. Thus, tamoxifen-mediated toxicity could be reduced by only giving one injection. While the CAG-eGFP reporter consistently labeled fewer cells, both reporter lines are valuable depending on the goal of the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M McGovern
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, 62711, USA
| | - Joseph Brancheck
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, 62711, USA
| | - Auston C Grant
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, 62711, USA
| | - Kaley A Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, 62711, USA
| | - Brandon C Cox
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, 62711, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, 62711, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Ma P, Gu S, Karunamuni GH, Jenkins MW, Watanabe M, Rollins AM. Cardiac neural crest ablation results in early endocardial cushion and hemodynamic flow abnormalities. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1150-H1159. [PMID: 27542407 PMCID: PMC5130492 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00188.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac neural crest cell (CNCC) ablation creates congenital heart defects (CHDs) that resemble those observed in many syndromes with craniofacial and cardiac consequences. The loss of CNCCs causes a variety of great vessel defects, including persistent truncus arteriosus and double-outlet right ventricle. However, because of the lack of quantitative volumetric measurements, less severe defects, such as great vessel size changes and valve defects, have not been assessed. Also poorly understood is the role of abnormal cardiac function in the progression of CNCC-related CHDs. CNCC ablation was previously reported to cause abnormal cardiac function in early cardiogenesis, before the CNCCs arrive in the outflow region of the heart. However, the affected functional parameters and how they correlate with the structural abnormalities were not fully characterized. In this study, using a CNCC-ablated quail model, we contribute quantitative phenotyping of CNCC ablation-related CHDs and investigate abnormal early cardiac function, which potentially contributes to late-stage CHDs. Optical coherence tomography was used to assay early- and late-stage embryos and hearts. In CNCC-ablated embryos at four-chambered heart stages, great vessel diameter and left atrioventricular valve leaflet volumes are reduced. Earlier, at cardiac looping stages, CNCC-ablated embryos exhibit abnormally twisted bodies, abnormal blood flow waveforms, increased retrograde flow percentage, and abnormal cardiac cushions. The phenotypes observed in this CNCC-ablation model were also strikingly similar to those found in an established avian fetal alcohol syndrome model, supporting the contribution of CNCC dysfunction to the development of alcohol-induced CHDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - Shi Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - Ganga H Karunamuni
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michael W Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; and
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michiko Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Andrew M Rollins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Transplanted embryonic neurons integrate into adult neocortical circuits. Nature 2016; 539:248-253. [DOI: 10.1038/nature20113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
92
|
Ju ZR, Wang HJ, Ma XJ, Ma D, Huang GY. HIRA Gene is Lower Expressed in the Myocardium of Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 129:2403-2408. [PMID: 27748330 PMCID: PMC5072250 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.191745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The most typical cardiac abnormality is conotruncal defects (CTDs) in patients with 22q11 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). HIRA (histone cell cycle regulator) gene, as one of the candidate genes located at the critical region of 22q11DS, was reported as possibly relevant to CTD in animal models. This study aimed to analyze the level of expression of the HIRA gene in tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients and the potential DNA sequence variations in the promoter region. Methods: The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was examined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 39 myocardial tissues of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) from TOF patients and 4 myocardial tissues of RVOT from noncardiac death children. The protein expression was detected using immunohistochemistry in 12 TOF patients and 4 controls. A total of 100 TOF cases and 200 healthy controls were recruited for DNA sequencing. Results: The mRNA and protein expressions of the HIRA gene in the myocardium of the TOF patients were both significantly lower as compared to the controls (P < 0.05). Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including g.4111A>G (rs1128399), g.4265C>A (rs4585115), g.4369T>G (rs2277837), g.4371C>A (rs148516780), and g.4543T>C (rs111802956), were found in the promoter region of the HIRA gene. There were no significant differences of frequencies in these SNPs between the TOF patients and the controls (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The abnormal lower expression of the HIRA gene in the myocardium may participate in the pathogenesis of TOF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Ru Ju
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Hui-Jun Wang
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102; Laboratory of Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Ma
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102; Laboratory of Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Laboratory of Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Guo-Ying Huang
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102; Laboratory of Congenital Heart Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai 201102, China
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Ayoub S, Ferrari G, Gorman RC, Gorman JH, Schoen FJ, Sacks MS. Heart Valve Biomechanics and Underlying Mechanobiology. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:1743-1780. [PMID: 27783858 PMCID: PMC5537387 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Heart valves control unidirectional blood flow within the heart during the cardiac cycle. They have a remarkable ability to withstand the demanding mechanical environment of the heart, achieving lifetime durability by processes involving the ongoing remodeling of the extracellular matrix. The focus of this review is on heart valve functional physiology, with insights into the link between disease-induced alterations in valve geometry, tissue stress, and the subsequent cell mechanobiological responses and tissue remodeling. We begin with an overview of the fundamentals of heart valve physiology and the characteristics and functions of valve interstitial cells (VICs). We then provide an overview of current experimental and computational approaches that connect VIC mechanobiological response to organ- and tissue-level deformations and improve our understanding of the underlying functional physiology of heart valves. We conclude with a summary of future trends and offer an outlook for the future of heart valve mechanobiology, specifically, multiscale modeling approaches, and the potential directions and possible challenges of research development. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1743-1780, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Ayoub
- Center for Cardiovascular Simulation, Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Giovanni Ferrari
- Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Robert C. Gorman
- Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Joseph H. Gorman
- Gorman Cardiovascular Research Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Frederick J. Schoen
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael S. Sacks
- Center for Cardiovascular Simulation, Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Schneider S, Gruart A, Grade S, Zhang Y, Kröger S, Kirchhoff F, Eichele G, Delgado García JM, Dimou L. Decrease in newly generated oligodendrocytes leads to motor dysfunctions and changed myelin structures that can be rescued by transplanted cells. Glia 2016; 64:2201-2218. [PMID: 27615452 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
NG2-glia in the adult brain are known to proliferate and differentiate into mature and myelinating oligodendrocytes throughout lifetime. However, the role of these newly generated oligodendrocytes in the adult brain still remains little understood. Here we took advantage of the Sox10-iCreERT2 x CAG-eGFP x Esco2fl/fl mouse line in which we can specifically ablate proliferating NG2-glia in adult animals. Surprisingly, we observed that the generation of new oligodendrocytes in the adult brain was severely affected, although the number of NG2-glia remained stable due to the enhanced proliferation of non-recombined cells. This lack of oligodendrogenesis led to the elongation of the nodes of Ranvier as well as the associated paranodes, which could be locally rescued by myelinating oligodendrocytes differentiated from transplanted NG2-glia deriving from wildtype mice. Repetitive measurements of conduction velocity in the corpus callosum of awake animals revealed a progressive deceleration specifically in the mice lacking adult oligodendrogenesis that resulted in progressive motor deficits. In summary, here we demonstrated for the first time that axon function is not only controlled by the reliable organization of myelin, but also requires a dynamic and continuous generation of new oligodendrocytes in the adult brain. GLIA 2016;64:2201-2218.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schneider
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum, Neuherberg, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Agnès Gruart
- División de Neurosciencias, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Sofia Grade
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yina Zhang
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Kröger
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center of Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gregor Eichele
- Department of Genes and Behavior, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Leda Dimou
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany. .,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum, Neuherberg, Germany. .,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Santini MP, Forte E, Harvey RP, Kovacic JC. Developmental origin and lineage plasticity of endogenous cardiac stem cells. Development 2016; 143:1242-58. [PMID: 27095490 DOI: 10.1242/dev.111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, several populations of cardiac stem cells have been described in the adult mammalian heart. For the most part, however, their lineage origins and in vivo functions remain largely unexplored. This Review summarizes what is known about different populations of embryonic and adult cardiac stem cells, including KIT(+), PDGFRα(+), ISL1(+)and SCA1(+)cells, side population cells, cardiospheres and epicardial cells. We discuss their developmental origins and defining characteristics, and consider their possible contribution to heart organogenesis and regeneration. We also summarize the origin and plasticity of cardiac fibroblasts and circulating endothelial progenitor cells, and consider what role these cells have in contributing to cardiac repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Santini
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Elvira Forte
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA Stem Cells Australia, Melbourne Brain Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Síndrome de deleción 22q11: bases embriológicas y algoritmo diagnóstico. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
97
|
Mlinar B, Montalbano A, Piszczek L, Gross C, Corradetti R. Firing Properties of Genetically Identified Dorsal Raphe Serotonergic Neurons in Brain Slices. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:195. [PMID: 27536220 PMCID: PMC4971071 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tonic spiking of serotonergic neurons establishes serotonin levels in the brain. Since the first observations, slow regular spiking has been considered as a defining feature of serotonergic neurons. Recent studies, however, have revealed the heterogeneity of serotonergic neurons at multiple levels, comprising their electrophysiological properties, suggesting the existence of functionally distinct cellular subpopulations. In order to examine in an unbiased manner whether serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) are heterogeneous, we used a non-invasive loose-seal cell-attached method to record α1 adrenergic receptor-stimulated spiking of a large sample of neurons in brain slices obtained from transgenic mice lines that express fluorescent marker proteins under the control of serotonergic system-specific Tph2 and Pet-1 promoters. We found wide homogeneous distribution of firing rates, well fitted by a single Gaussian function (r (2) = 0.93) and independent of anatomical location (P = 0.45), suggesting that in terms of intrinsic firing properties, serotonergic neurons in the DRN represent a single cellular population. Characterization of the population in terms of spiking regularity was hindered by its dependence on the firing rate. For instance, the coefficient of variation of the interspike intervals (ISI), a common measure of spiking irregularity, is of limited usefulness since it correlates negatively with the firing rate (r = -0.33, P < 0.0001). Nevertheless, the majority of neurons exhibited regular, pacemaker-like activity, with coefficient of variance of the ISI lower than 0.5 in ~97% of cases. Unexpectedly, a small percentage of neurons (~1%) exhibited a particular spiking pattern, characterized by low frequency (~0.02-0.1 Hz) oscillations in the firing rate. Transitions between regular and oscillatory firing were observed, suggesting that the oscillatory firing is an alternative firing pattern of serotonergic neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Mlinar
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Children's Health, University of Florence Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Montalbano
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Children's Health, University of Florence Florence, Italy
| | - Lukasz Piszczek
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Cornelius Gross
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Renato Corradetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Children's Health, University of Florence Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Vogl C, Panou I, Yamanbaeva G, Wichmann C, Mangosing SJ, Vilardi F, Indzhykulian AA, Pangršič T, Santarelli R, Rodriguez-Ballesteros M, Weber T, Jung S, Cardenas E, Wu X, Wojcik SM, Kwan KY, Del Castillo I, Schwappach B, Strenzke N, Corey DP, Lin SY, Moser T. Tryptophan-rich basic protein (WRB) mediates insertion of the tail-anchored protein otoferlin and is required for hair cell exocytosis and hearing. EMBO J 2016; 35:2536-2552. [PMID: 27458190 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane recognition complex (TRC40) pathway mediates the insertion of tail-anchored (TA) proteins into membranes. Here, we demonstrate that otoferlin, a TA protein essential for hair cell exocytosis, is inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the TRC40 pathway. We mutated the TRC40 receptor tryptophan-rich basic protein (Wrb) in hair cells of zebrafish and mice and studied the impact of defective TA protein insertion. Wrb disruption reduced otoferlin levels in hair cells and impaired hearing, which could be restored in zebrafish by transgenic Wrb rescue and otoferlin overexpression. Wrb-deficient mouse inner hair cells (IHCs) displayed normal numbers of afferent synapses, Ca2+ channels, and membrane-proximal vesicles, but contained fewer ribbon-associated vesicles. Patch-clamp of IHCs revealed impaired synaptic vesicle replenishment. In vivo recordings from postsynaptic spiral ganglion neurons showed a use-dependent reduction in sound-evoked spiking, corroborating the notion of impaired IHC vesicle replenishment. A human mutation affecting the transmembrane domain of otoferlin impaired its ER targeting and caused an auditory synaptopathy. We conclude that the TRC40 pathway is critical for hearing and propose that otoferlin is an essential substrate of this pathway in hair cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vogl
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iliana Panou
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Göttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences, Biophysics and Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gulnara Yamanbaeva
- Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Auditory Systems Physiology Group and InnerEarLab, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Wichmann
- Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Molecular Architecture of Synapses Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sara J Mangosing
- Otolaryngology Division, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Fabio Vilardi
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Artur A Indzhykulian
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tina Pangršič
- Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Synaptic Physiology of Mammalian Vestibular Hair Cells Junior Research Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rosamaria Santarelli
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Audiology and Phoniatrics Service, Treviso Regional Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | | | - Thomas Weber
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Synaptic Nanophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elena Cardenas
- Otolaryngology Division, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xudong Wu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sonja M Wojcik
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kelvin Y Kwan
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Nelson Lab-D250, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ignacio Del Castillo
- Servicio de Genetica, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanche Schwappach
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicola Strenzke
- Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Auditory Systems Physiology Group and InnerEarLab, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David P Corey
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuh-Yow Lin
- Otolaryngology Division, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tobias Moser
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany .,Collaborative Research Center 889, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Synaptic Nanophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Swartz EW, Baek J, Pribadi M, Wojta KJ, Almeida S, Karydas A, Gao FB, Miller BL, Coppola G. A Novel Protocol for Directed Differentiation of C9orf72-Associated Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Contractile Skeletal Myotubes. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1461-1472. [PMID: 27369896 PMCID: PMC5070503 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, functional skeletal myotubes were efficiently generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells using a small molecule-based approach. Myotubes derived from patients carrying the C9orf72 repeat expansion show no change in differentiation efficiency and normal TDP-43 localization after as many as 120 days in vitro when compared to unaffected controls. The protocol described in this study for the generation of skeletal myotubes from human induced pluripotent stem cells may serve as a valuable tool in drug discovery and modeling of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular diseases. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer an unlimited resource of cells to be used for the study of underlying molecular biology of disease, therapeutic drug screening, and transplant-based regenerative medicine. However, methods for the directed differentiation of skeletal muscle for these purposes remain scarce and incomplete. Here, we present a novel, small molecule-based protocol for the generation of multinucleated skeletal myotubes using eight independent iPSC lines. Through combinatorial inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) with addition of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), we report up to 64% conversion of iPSCs into the myogenic program by day 36 as indicated by MYOG+ cell populations. These cells began to exhibit spontaneous contractions as early as 34 days in vitro in the presence of a serum-free medium formulation. We used this protocol to obtain iPSC-derived muscle cells from frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients harboring C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions (rGGGGCC), sporadic FTD, and unaffected controls. iPSCs derived from rGGGGCC carriers contained RNA foci but did not vary in differentiation efficiency when compared to unaffected controls nor display mislocalized TDP-43 after as many as 120 days in vitro. This study presents a rapid, efficient, and transgene-free method for generating multinucleated skeletal myotubes from iPSCs and a resource for further modeling the role of skeletal muscle in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron diseases. Significance Protocols to produce skeletal myotubes for disease modeling or therapy are scarce and incomplete. The present study efficiently generates functional skeletal myotubes from human induced pluripotent stem cells using a small molecule-based approach. Using this strategy, terminal myogenic induction of up to 64% in 36 days and spontaneously contractile myotubes within 34 days were achieved. Myotubes derived from patients carrying the C9orf72 repeat expansion show no change in differentiation efficiency and normal TDP-43 localization after as many as 120 days in vitro when compared to unaffected controls. This study provides an efficient, novel protocol for the generation of skeletal myotubes from human induced pluripotent stem cells that may serve as a valuable tool in drug discovery and modeling of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elliot W Swartz
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jaeyun Baek
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mochtar Pribadi
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin J Wojta
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sandra Almeida
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fen-Biao Gao
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Nomir AG, Takeuchi Y, Fujikawa J, El Sharaby AA, Wakisaka S, Abe M. Fate mapping of Trps1 daughter cells during cardiac development using novel Trps1-Cre mice. Genesis 2016; 54:379-88. [PMID: 27257806 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is a rare congenital disorder that is characterized by abnormal hair growth and skeletal deformities. These result in sparse hair, short stature, and early onset of joint problems. Recent reports have shown that a relatively high proportion of patients with TRPS exhibit a broad range of congenital heart defects. To determine the regulation of Trps1 transcription in vivo, we generated novel transgenic mice, which expressed Cre recombinase under the murine Trps1 proximal promoter sequence (Trps1-Cre). We crossed these mice with Cre reporter mice to identify Trps1 daughter cells. Labeled cells were observed in the appendicular joint tissue, dermal papilla of the hair follicles, cardiac valves, aortic sinus, atrial walls, and the interventricular septum. In situ analysis showed restricted Trps1 expression, which was observed in endocardial cushions of the outflow tract, and in leaflets of all mature cardiac valves. These results suggest that the Trps1 proximal promoter sequence contains some of the tissue-specific Trps1 regulatory region. Further, our findings partially explain why patients with TRPS show a broad range of congenital cardiac defects, although Trps1 expression is observed in a more restricted fashion. genesis 54:379-388, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G Nomir
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damnhour University, Egypt
| | - Yuto Takeuchi
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junji Fujikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ashraf A El Sharaby
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damnhour University, Egypt
| | - Satoshi Wakisaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Abe
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|