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Lemme M, Braren I, Prondzynski M, Aksehirlioglu B, Ulmer BM, Schulze ML, Ismaili D, Meyer C, Hansen A, Christ T, Lemoine MD, Eschenhagen T. Chronic intermittent tachypacing by an optogenetic approach induces arrhythmia vulnerability in human engineered heart tissue. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:1487-1499. [PMID: 31598634 PMCID: PMC7314638 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic tachypacing is commonly used in animals to induce cardiac dysfunction and to study mechanisms of heart failure and arrhythmogenesis. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) may replace animal models to overcome species differences and ethical problems. Here, 3D engineered heart tissue (EHT) was used to investigate the effect of chronic tachypacing on hiPSC-cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). METHODS AND RESULTS To avoid cell toxicity by electrical pacing, we developed an optogenetic approach. EHTs were transduced with lentivirus expressing channelrhodopsin-2 (H134R) and stimulated by 15 s bursts of blue light pulses (0.3 mW/mm2, 30 ms, 3 Hz) separated by 15 s without pacing for 3 weeks. Chronic optical tachypacing did not affect contractile peak force, but induced faster contraction kinetics, shorter action potentials, and shorter effective refractory periods. This electrical remodelling increased vulnerability to tachycardia episodes upon electrical burst pacing. Lower calsequestrin 2 protein levels, faster diastolic depolarization (DD) and efficacy of JTV-519 (46% at 1 µmol/L) to terminate tachycardia indicate alterations of Ca2+ handling being part of the underlying mechanism. However, other antiarrhythmic compounds like flecainide (69% at 1 µmol/L) and E-4031 (100% at 1 µmol/L) were also effective, but not ivabradine (1 µmol/L) or SEA0400 (10 µmol/L). CONCLUSION We demonstrated a high vulnerability to tachycardia of optically tachypaced hiPSC-CMs in EHT and the effective termination by ryanodine receptor stabilization, sodium or hERG potassium channel inhibition. This new model might serve as a preclinical tool to test antiarrhythmic drugs increasing the insight in treating ventricular tachycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lemme
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingke Braren
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maksymilian Prondzynski
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Bülent Aksehirlioglu
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bärbel M Ulmer
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mirja L Schulze
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Djemail Ismaili
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, University Heart Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Meyer
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, University Heart Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Christ
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc D Lemoine
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, University Heart Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the important role that metabolism plays in driving maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. RECENT FINDINGS Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes provide a model system for human cardiac biology. However, these models have been unable to fully recapitulate the maturity observed in the adult heart. By simulating the glucose to fatty acid transition observed in neonatal mammals, human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes undergo structural and functional maturation also accompanied by transcriptional changes and cell cycle arrest. The role of metabolism in energy production, signaling, and epigenetic modifications illustrates that metabolism and cellular phenotype are intimately linked. Further understanding of key metabolic factors driving cardiac maturation will facilitate the generation of more mature human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte models. This will increase our understanding of cardiac biology and potentially lead to novel therapeutics to enhance heart function.
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Multiparametric Mechanistic Profiling of Inotropic Drugs in Adult Human Primary Cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7692. [PMID: 32376974 PMCID: PMC7203129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of non-cardiac drugs on cardiac contractility can lead to serious adverse events. Furthermore, programs aimed at treating heart failure have had limited success and this therapeutic area remains a major unmet medical need. The challenges in assessing drug effect on cardiac contractility point to the fundamental translational value of the current preclinical models. Therefore, we sought to develop an adult human primary cardiomyocyte contractility model that has the potential to provide a predictive preclinical approach for simultaneously predicting drug-induced inotropic effect (sarcomere shortening) and generating multi-parameter data to profile different mechanisms of action based on cluster analysis of a set of 12 contractility parameters. We report that 17 positive and 9 negative inotropes covering diverse mechanisms of action exerted concentration-dependent increases and decreases in sarcomere shortening, respectively. Interestingly, the multiparametric readout allowed for the differentiation of inotropes operating via distinct mechanisms. Hierarchical clustering of contractility transient parameters, coupled with principal component analysis, enabled the classification of subsets of both positive as well as negative inotropes, in a mechanism-related mode. Thus, human cardiomyocyte contractility model could accurately facilitate informed mechanistic-based decision making, risk management and discovery of molecules with the most desirable pharmacological profile for the correction of heart failure.
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54
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Gintant G, Traebert M. The roles of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in drug discovery: managing in vitro safety study expectations. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:719-729. [PMID: 32129680 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1736549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) preparations are increasingly employed in in vitro cardiac safety studies to support candidate drug selection and regulatory submissions. The value of hiPSC-CM-based approaches depends on their ability to recapitulate the cellular mechanisms responsible for cardiotoxicity as well as overall assay characteristics (thus defining model performance). Different expectations at different drug development stages define the utility of these human-derived models. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors review the importance of understanding the functional characteristics of the evolving spectrum of simpler (2D) and more complex (co-cultures, 3D constructs, and engineered tissues) human-derived cardiac preparations, and how their performance may be evaluated based on analytical sensitivity, variability, and reproducibility in order to correctly match preparations with expectations of different safety assays. The need for consensus clinical examples of electrophysiologic, contractile, and structural cardiotoxicities essential for benchmarking human-derived models is also discussed. EXPERT OPINION It is helpful (but not essential) that hiPSC-CMs preparations fully recapitulate pharmacological responses of native adult human ventricular myocytes when evaluating cardiotoxicity in vitro. Further calibration and model standardization (aligning concordance with clinical findings) are necessary to understand the role of hiPSC-CMs in guiding cardiotoxicity assessments in early drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Gintant
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology (ZR13), AP-9A-LL, AbbVie Inc. , North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martin Traebert
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Safety Pharmacology, Basel, Switzerland
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Case Report on: Very Early Afterdepolarizations in HiPSC-Cardiomyocytes-An Artifact by Big Conductance Calcium Activated Potassium Current (I bk,Ca). Cells 2020; 9:cells9010253. [PMID: 31968557 PMCID: PMC7017352 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) represent an unlimited source of human CMs that could be a standard tool in drug research. However, there is concern whether hiPSC-CMs express all cardiac ion channels at physiological level and whether they might express non-cardiac ion channels. In a control hiPSC line, we found large, “noisy” outward K+ currents, when we measured outward potassium currents in isolated hiPSC-CMs. Currents were sensitive to iberiotoxin, the selective blocker of big conductance Ca2+-activated K+ current (IBK,Ca). Seven of 16 individual differentiation batches showed a strong initial repolarization in the action potentials (AP) recorded from engineered heart tissue (EHT) followed by very early afterdepolarizations, sometimes even with consecutive oscillations. Iberiotoxin stopped oscillations and normalized AP shape, but had no effect in other EHTs without oscillations or in human left ventricular tissue (LV). Expression levels of the alpha-subunit (KCa1.1) of the BKCa correlated with the presence of oscillations in hiPSC-CMs and was not detectable in LV. Taken together, individual batches of hiPSC-CMs can express sarcolemmal ion channels that are otherwise not found in the human heart, resulting in oscillating afterdepolarizations in the AP. HiPSC-CMs should be screened for expression of non-cardiac ion channels before being applied to drug research.
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56
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Generating ring-shaped engineered heart tissues from ventricular and atrial human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:75. [PMID: 31911598 PMCID: PMC6946709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of the heart are achieved through coordination of different cardiac cell subtypes (e.g., ventricular, atrial, conduction-tissue cardiomyocytes). Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) offer unique opportunities for cardiac research. Traditional studies using these cells focused on single-cells and utilized mixed cell populations. Our goal was to develop clinically-relevant engineered heart tissues (EHTs) comprised of chamber-specific hPSC-CMs. Here we show that such EHTs can be generated by directing hPSCs to differentiate into ventricular or atrial cardiomyocytes, and then embedding these cardiomyocytes in a collagen-hydrogel to create chamber-specific, ring-shaped, EHTs. The chamber-specific EHTs display distinct atrial versus ventricular phenotypes as revealed by immunostaining, gene-expression, optical assessment of action-potentials and conduction velocity, pharmacology, and mechanical force measurements. We also establish an atrial EHT-based arrhythmia model and confirm its usefulness by applying relevant pharmacological interventions. Thus, our chamber-specific EHT models can be used for cardiac disease modeling, pathophysiological studies and drug testing. The cellular composition of previous engineered heart tissue is often heterogeneous. Here, the authors create chamber-specific human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to form both ventricular and atrial cells before embedding in collagen-based matrix to form ring-shaped engineered heart tissue.
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Christensen RK, von Halling Laier C, Kiziltay A, Wilson S, Larsen NB. 3D Printed Hydrogel Multiassay Platforms for Robust Generation of Engineered Contractile Tissues. Biomacromolecules 2019; 21:356-365. [PMID: 31860278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a method for reproducible manufacture of multiassay platforms with tunable mechanical properties for muscle tissue strip analysis. The platforms result from stereolithographic 3D printing of low protein-binding poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels. Contractile microtissues have previously been engineered by immobilizing suspended cells in a confined hydrogel matrix with embedded anchoring cantilevers to facilitate muscle tissue strip formation. The 3D shape and mechanical properties of the confinement and the embedded cantilevers are critical for the tissue robustness. High-resolution 3D printing of PEGDA hydrogels offers full design freedom to engineer cantilever stiffness, while minimizing unwanted cell attachment. We demonstrate the applicability by generating suspended muscle tissue strips from C2C12 mouse myoblasts in a compliant fibrin-based hydrogel matrix. The full design freedom allows for new platform geometries that reduce local stress in the matrix and tissue, thus, reducing the risk of tissue fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kjær Christensen
- Department of Health Technology , DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark , Ørsteds Plads 345C , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark.,Sophion Bioscience A/S , Baltorpvej 154 , 2750 Ballerup , Denmark
| | - Christoffer von Halling Laier
- Department of Health Technology , DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark , Ørsteds Plads 345C , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Aysel Kiziltay
- Department of Health Technology , DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark , Ørsteds Plads 345C , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
| | - Sandra Wilson
- Sophion Bioscience A/S , Baltorpvej 154 , 2750 Ballerup , Denmark
| | - Niels Bent Larsen
- Department of Health Technology , DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark , Ørsteds Plads 345C , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
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58
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Nánási PP, Szabó Z, Kistamás K, Horváth B, Virág L, Jost N, Bányász T, Almássy J, Varró A. Implication of frequency-dependent protocols in antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic drug testing. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 157:76-83. [PMID: 31726065 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
It has long been known that the electrophysiological effects of many cardioactive drugs strongly depend on the rate dependent frequency. This was recognized first for class I antiarrhythmic agents: their Vmax suppressive effect was attenuated at long cycle lengths. Later many Ca2+ channel blockers were also found to follow such kinetics. The explanation was provided by the modulated and the guarded receptor theories. Regarding the duration of cardiac action potentials (APD) an opposite frequency-dependence was observed, i.e. the drug-induced changes in APD were proportional with the cycle length of stimulation, therefore it was referred as "reverse rate-dependency". The beat-to-beat, or short term variability of APD (SV) has been recognized as an important proarrhythmic mechanism, its magnitude can be used as an arrhythmia predictor. SV is modulated by several cardioactive agents, however, these drugs modify also APD itself. In order to clear the drug-specific effects on SV from the concomitant unspecific APD-change related ones, the term of "relative variability" was introduced. Relative variability is increased by ion channel blockers that decrease the negative feedback control of APD (i.e. blockers of ICa, IKr and IKs) and also by elevation of cytosolic Ca2+. Cardiac arrhythmias are also often categorized according to the characteristic heart rate (tachy- and bradyarrhythmias). Tachycardia is proarrhythmic primarily due to the concomitant Ca2+ overload causing delayed afterdepolarizations. Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) are complications of the bradycardic heart. What is common in the reverse rate-dependent nature of drug action on APD, increased SV and EAD incidence associated with bradycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter P Nánási
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Dental Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Kornél Kistamás
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Horváth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Virág
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Jost
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bányász
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Almássy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - András Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Szeged, Hungary.
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59
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Prondzynski M, Lemoine MD, Zech AT, Horváth A, Di Mauro V, Koivumäki JT, Kresin N, Busch J, Krause T, Krämer E, Schlossarek S, Spohn M, Friedrich FW, Münch J, Laufer SD, Redwood C, Volk AE, Hansen A, Mearini G, Catalucci D, Meyer C, Christ T, Patten M, Eschenhagen T, Carrier L. Disease modeling of a mutation in α-actinin 2 guides clinical therapy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e11115. [PMID: 31680489 PMCID: PMC6895603 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a cardiac genetic disease accompanied by structural and contractile alterations. We identified a rare c.740C>T (p.T247M) mutation in ACTN2, encoding α-actinin 2 in a HCM patient, who presented with left ventricular hypertrophy, outflow tract obstruction, and atrial fibrillation. We generated patient-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and show that hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and engineered heart tissues recapitulated several hallmarks of HCM, such as hypertrophy, myofibrillar disarray, hypercontractility, impaired relaxation, and higher myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, and also prolonged action potential duration and enhanced L-type Ca2+ current. The L-type Ca2+ channel blocker diltiazem reduced force amplitude, relaxation, and action potential duration to a greater extent in HCM than in isogenic control. We translated our findings to patient care and showed that diltiazem application ameliorated the prolonged QTc interval in HCM-affected son and sister of the index patient. These data provide evidence for this ACTN2 mutation to be disease-causing in cardiomyocytes, guiding clinical therapy in this HCM family. This study may serve as a proof-of-principle for the use of hiPSC for personalized treatment of cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksymilian Prondzynski
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc D Lemoine
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Tl Zech
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - András Horváth
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vittoria Di Mauro
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, National Research Council, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jussi T Koivumäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nico Kresin
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Josefine Busch
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Krause
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Krämer
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Schlossarek
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Spohn
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix W Friedrich
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Münch
- Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra D Laufer
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charles Redwood
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander E Volk
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giulia Mearini
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research, Milan Unit, National Research Council, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Meyer
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Christ
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monica Patten
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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60
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de Korte T, Katili PA, Mohd Yusof NAN, van Meer BJ, Saleem U, Burton FL, Smith GL, Clements P, Mummery CL, Eschenhagen T, Hansen A, Denning C. Unlocking Personalized Biomedicine and Drug Discovery with Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Fit for Purpose or Forever Elusive? Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 60:529-551. [PMID: 31506008 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, drug development costs have increased by approximately a hundredfold, and yet about 1 in 7 licensed drugs are withdrawn from the market, often due to cardiotoxicity. This review considers whether technologies using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) could complement existing assays to improve discovery and safety while reducing socioeconomic costs and assisting with regulatory guidelines on cardiac safety assessments. We draw on lessons from our own work to suggest a panel of 12 drugs that will be useful in testing the suitability of hiPSC-CM platforms to evaluate contractility. We review issues, including maturity versus complexity, consistency, quality, and cost, while considering a potential need to incorporate auxiliary approaches to compensate for limitations in hiPSC-CM technology. We give examples on how coupling hiPSC-CM technologies with Cas9/CRISPR genome engineering is starting to be used to personalize diagnosis, stratify risk, provide mechanistic insights, and identify new pathogenic variants for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa de Korte
- Ncardia, 2333 BD Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Puspita A Katili
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom;
| | - Nurul A N Mohd Yusof
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom;
| | - Berend J van Meer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Umber Saleem
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francis L Burton
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Godfrey L Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Clements
- David Jack Centre for Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, SG12 0DP Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZD Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chris Denning
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom;
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Ribeiro AJS, Guth BD, Engwall M, Eldridge S, Foley CM, Guo L, Gintant G, Koerner J, Parish ST, Pierson JB, Brock M, Chaudhary KW, Kanda Y, Berridge B. Considerations for an In Vitro, Cell-Based Testing Platform for Detection of Drug-Induced Inotropic Effects in Early Drug Development. Part 2: Designing and Fabricating Microsystems for Assaying Cardiac Contractility With Physiological Relevance Using Human iPSC-Cardiomyocytes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:934. [PMID: 31555128 PMCID: PMC6727630 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Contractility of the myocardium engines the pumping function of the heart and is enabled by the collective contractile activity of its muscle cells: cardiomyocytes. The effects of drugs on the contractility of human cardiomyocytes in vitro can provide mechanistic insight that can support the prediction of clinical cardiac drug effects early in drug development. Cardiomyocytes differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells have high potential for overcoming the current limitations of contractility assays because they attach easily to extracellular materials and last long in culture, while having human- and patient-specific properties. Under these conditions, contractility measurements can be non-destructive and minimally invasive, which allow assaying sub-chronic effects of drugs. For this purpose, the function of cardiomyocytes in vitro must reflect physiological settings, which is not observed in cultured cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells because of the fetal-like properties of their contractile machinery. Primary cardiomyocytes or tissues of human origin fully represent physiological cellular properties, but are not easily available, do not last long in culture, and do not attach easily to force sensors or mechanical actuators. Microengineered cellular systems with a more mature contractile function have been developed in the last 5 years to overcome this limitation of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, while simultaneously measuring contractile endpoints with integrated force sensors/actuators and image-based techniques. Known effects of engineered microenvironments on the maturity of cardiomyocyte contractility have also been discovered in the development of these systems. Based on these discoveries, we review here design criteria of microengineered platforms of cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells for measuring contractility with higher physiological relevance. These criteria involve the use of electromechanical, chemical and morphological cues, co-culture of different cell types, and three-dimensional cellular microenvironments. We further discuss the use and the current challenges for developing and improving these novel technologies for predicting clinical effects of drugs based on contractility measurements with cardiomyocytes differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells. Future research should establish contexts of use in drug development for novel contractility assays with stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre J S Ribeiro
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translation Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Brian D Guth
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.,PreClinical Drug Development Platform (PCDDP), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Michael Engwall
- Safety Pharmacology and Animal Research Center, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Sandy Eldridge
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - C Michael Foley
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Integrated Sciences and Technology, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Liang Guo
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Gary Gintant
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Integrated Sciences and Technology, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - John Koerner
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translation Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Stanley T Parish
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jennifer B Pierson
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Mathew Brock
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Khuram W Chaudhary
- Global Safety Pharmacology, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Brian Berridge
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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Human iPS cell-derived engineered heart tissue does not affect ventricular arrhythmias in a guinea pig cryo-injury model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9831. [PMID: 31285568 PMCID: PMC6614415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human iPSC-derived engineered heart tissue (hEHT) has been used to remuscularize injured hearts in a guinea pig infarction model. While beneficial effects on cardiac remodeling have been demonstrated, the arrhythmogenic potential of hEHTs is a major concern. We investigated whether hiPSC-derived hEHTs increase the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. HEHTs were created from human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. Left-ventricular cryo-injury was induced in guinea pigs (n = 37) and telemetry sensors for continuous ECG monitoring were implanted. 7 days following the cryo-injury, hEHTs or cell-free constructs were transplanted into the surviving animals (n = 15 and n = 9). ECGs were recorded over the following 28 days. 10 hEHT animals and 8 control animals survived the observation period and were included in the final analysis. After implantation of hEHTs or cell-free constructs, ventricular arrhythmias (premature ventricular contractions, couplets, triplets and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia) were observed in animals of both groups. The fraction of animals with the respective arrhythmias as well as the rate of arrhythmic events did not differ between groups. Following hEHT implantation, no clinically relevant sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation was detected. Our telemetric data provides first evidence for the electrical safety of human iPSC-derived EHTs in this experimental model, thereby supporting further development of this approach.
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Mann SA, Heide J, Knott T, Airini R, Epureanu FB, Deftu AF, Deftu AT, Radu BM, Amuzescu B. Recording of multiple ion current components and action potentials in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes via automated patch-clamp. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019; 100:106599. [PMID: 31228558 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.106599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) initiative proposes a three-step approach to evaluate proarrhythmogenic liability of drug candidates: effects on individual ion channels in heterologous expression systems, integrating these data into in-silico models of the electrical activity of human cardiomyocytes, and comparison with experiments on human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM). Here we introduce patch-clamp electrophysiology techniques on hiPSC-CM to combine two of the CiPA steps in one assay. METHODS We performed automated patch-clamp experiments on hiPSC-CM (Cor.4U®, Ncardia) using the CytoPatch™2 platform in ruptured whole-cell and β-escin-perforated-patch configurations. A combination of three voltage-clamp protocols allowed recording of five distinct ion current components (voltage-gated Na+ current, L-type Ca2+ current, transient outward K+ current, delayed rectifier K+ current, and "funny" hyperpolarization-activated current) from the same cell. We proved their molecular identity by either Na+ replacement with choline or by applying specific blockers: nifedipine, cisapride, chromanol 293B, phrixotoxin-1, ZD7288. We developed a C++ script for automated analysis of voltage-clamp recordings and computation of ion current/conductance surface density for these five cardiac ion currents. RESULTS The distributions from n = 54 hiPSC-CM in "ruptured" patch-clamp vs. n = 35 hiPSC-CM in β-escin-perforated patch-clamp were similar for membrane capacitance, access resistance, and ion current/conductance surface densities. The β-escin-perforated configuration resulted in improved stability of action potential (AP) shape and duration over a 10-min interval, with APD90 decay rate 0.7 ± 1.6%/min (mean ± SD, n = 4) vs. 4.6 ± 1.1%/min. (n = 3) for "ruptured" approach (p = 0.0286, one-tailed Mann-Whitney test). DISCUSSION The improved stability obtained here will allow development of CiPA-compliant automated patch-clamp assays on hiPSC-CM. Future applications include the study of multi ion-channel blocking properties of drugs using dynamic-clamp protocols, adding a valuable new tool to the arsenal of safety-pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Mann
- Cytocentrics Bioscience GmbH, Nattermannallee 1, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Juliane Heide
- Cytocentrics Bioscience GmbH, Nattermannallee 1, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Knott
- CytoBioScience Inc., 3463 Magic Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Razvan Airini
- Dept. Biophysics & Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Bogdan Epureanu
- Dept. Biophysics & Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru-Florian Deftu
- Dept. Biophysics & Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antonia-Teona Deftu
- Dept. Biophysics & Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Beatrice Mihaela Radu
- Dept. Biophysics & Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Amuzescu
- Dept. Biophysics & Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
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Johansson J, Larsson MH, Hornberg JJ. Predictive in vitro toxicology screening to guide chemical design in drug discovery. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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65
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Schulze ML, Lemoine MD, Fischer AW, Scherschel K, David R, Riecken K, Hansen A, Eschenhagen T, Ulmer BM. Dissecting hiPSC-CM pacemaker function in a cardiac organoid model. Biomaterials 2019; 206:133-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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66
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Zhao Y, Rafatian N, Feric NT, Cox BJ, Aschar-Sobbi R, Wang EY, Aggarwal P, Zhang B, Conant G, Ronaldson-Bouchard K, Pahnke A, Protze S, Lee JH, Davenport Huyer L, Jekic D, Wickeler A, Naguib HE, Keller GM, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Broeckel U, Backx PH, Radisic M. A Platform for Generation of Chamber-Specific Cardiac Tissues and Disease Modeling. Cell 2019; 176:913-927.e18. [PMID: 30686581 PMCID: PMC6456036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering using cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells holds a promise to revolutionize drug discovery, but only if limitations related to cardiac chamber specification and platform versatility can be overcome. We describe here a scalable tissue-cultivation platform that is cell source agnostic and enables drug testing under electrical pacing. The plastic platform enabled on-line noninvasive recording of passive tension, active force, contractile dynamics, and Ca2+ transients, as well as endpoint assessments of action potentials and conduction velocity. By combining directed cell differentiation with electrical field conditioning, we engineered electrophysiologically distinct atrial and ventricular tissues with chamber-specific drug responses and gene expression. We report, for the first time, engineering of heteropolar cardiac tissues containing distinct atrial and ventricular ends, and we demonstrate their spatially confined responses to serotonin and ranolazine. Uniquely, electrical conditioning for up to 8 months enabled modeling of polygenic left ventricular hypertrophy starting from patient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimu Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Naimeh Rafatian
- Division of Cardiology and Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University of Health Network; Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Nicole T Feric
- TARA Biosystems, Inc., New York, NY 10016, USA; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Brian J Cox
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Roozbeh Aschar-Sobbi
- Division of Cardiology and Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University of Health Network; Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada; TARA Biosystems, Inc., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Erika Yan Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Praful Aggarwal
- Section of Genomic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Genevieve Conant
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Kacey Ronaldson-Bouchard
- TARA Biosystems, Inc., New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aric Pahnke
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Stephanie Protze
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1A8, Canada; McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Jee Hoon Lee
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; BlueRock Therapeutics, MaRS Discovery District, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Locke Davenport Huyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Danica Jekic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Anastasia Wickeler
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Hani E Naguib
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Gordon M Keller
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ulrich Broeckel
- Section of Genomic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Peter H Backx
- Division of Cardiology and Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University of Health Network; Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Toronto; Toronto; Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Biology; York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada.
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Large-Scale Simulation of the Phenotypical Variability Induced by Loss-of-Function Long QT Mutations in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113583. [PMID: 30428582 PMCID: PMC6274824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function long QT (LQT) mutations inducing LQT1 and LQT2 syndromes have been successfully translated to human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) used as disease-specific models. However, their in vitro investigation mainly relies on experiments using small numbers of cells. This is especially critical when working with cells as heterogeneous as hiPSC-CMs. We aim (i) to investigate in silico the ionic mechanisms underlying LQT1 and LQT2 hiPSC-CM phenotypic variability, and (ii) to enable massive in silico drug tests on mutant hiPSC-CMs. We combined (i) data of control and mutant slow and rapid delayed rectifying K+ currents, IKr and IKs respectively, (ii) a recent in silico hiPSC-CM model, and (iii) the population of models paradigm to generate control and mutant populations for LQT1 and LQT2 cardiomyocytes. Our four populations contain from 1008 to 3584 models. In line with the experimental in vitro data, mutant in silico hiPSC-CMs showed prolonged action potential (AP) duration (LQT1: +14%, LQT2: +39%) and large electrophysiological variability. Finally, the mutant populations were split into normal-like hiPSC-CMs (with action potential duration similar to control) and at risk hiPSC-CMs (with clearly prolonged action potential duration). At risk mutant hiPSC-CMs carried higher expression of L-type Ca2+, lower expression of IKr and increased sensitivity to quinidine as compared to mutant normal-like hiPSC-CMs, resulting in AP abnormalities. In conclusion, we were able to reproduce the two most common LQT syndromes with large-scale simulations, which enable investigating biophysical mechanisms difficult to assess in vitro, e.g., how variations of ion current expressions in a physiological range can impact on AP properties of mutant hiPSC-CMs.
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Lemme M, Ulmer BM, Lemoine MD, Zech ATL, Flenner F, Ravens U, Reichenspurner H, Rol-Garcia M, Smith G, Hansen A, Christ T, Eschenhagen T. Atrial-like Engineered Heart Tissue: An In Vitro Model of the Human Atrium. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:1378-1390. [PMID: 30416051 PMCID: PMC6294072 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are under investigation for their suitability as human models in preclinical drug development. Antiarrhythmic drug development focuses on atrial biology for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Here we used recent retinoic acid-based protocols to generate atrial CMs from hiPSCs and establish right atrial engineered heart tissue (RA-EHT) as a 3D model of human atrium. EHT from standard protocol-derived hiPSC-CMs (Ctrl-EHT) and intact human muscle strips served as comparators. RA-EHT exhibited higher mRNA and protein concentrations of atrial-selective markers, faster contraction kinetics, lower force generation, shorter action potential duration, and higher repolarization fraction than Ctrl-EHTs. In addition, RA-EHTs but not Ctrl-EHTs responded to pharmacological manipulation of atrial-selective potassium currents. RA- and Ctrl-EHTs’ behavior reflected differences between human atrial and ventricular muscle preparations. Taken together, RA-EHT is a model of human atrium that may be useful in preclinical drug screening. Retinoic acid induced differentiation of hiPSCs into atrial-like myocytes 3D engineered heart tissue format favored atrial specificity compared with 2D culture Atrial-like engineered heart tissue can be used as a model of human atrium
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lemme
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Clyde Biosciences Ltd, BioCity Scotland, Bo'Ness Road, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5UH, UK
| | - Bärbel M Ulmer
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc D Lemoine
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology-Electrophysiology, University Heart Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonia T L Zech
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Flenner
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Ravens
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hermann Reichenspurner
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Rol-Garcia
- Clyde Biosciences Ltd, BioCity Scotland, Bo'Ness Road, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5UH, UK
| | - Godfrey Smith
- Clyde Biosciences Ltd, BioCity Scotland, Bo'Ness Road, Newhouse, Lanarkshire ML1 5UH, UK
| | - Arne Hansen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Christ
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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69
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Rat atrial engineered heart tissue: a new in vitro model to study atrial biology. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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