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Mollinedo F, Gajate C. Direct Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeting by the Selective Alkylphospholipid Analog and Antitumor Ether Lipid Edelfosine as a Therapeutic Approach in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4173. [PMID: 34439330 PMCID: PMC8394177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common malignancy of the pancreas, shows a dismal and grim overall prognosis and survival rate, which have remained virtually unchanged for over half a century. PDAC is the most lethal of all cancers, with the highest mortality-to-incidence ratio. PDAC responds poorly to current therapies and remains an incurable malignancy. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets and drugs are urgently needed for pancreatic cancer treatment. Selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells is an appealing approach in cancer therapy. Apoptotic cell death is highly regulated by different signaling routes that involve a variety of subcellular organelles. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress acts as a double-edged sword at the interface of cell survival and death. Pancreatic cells exhibit high hormone and enzyme secretory functions, and thereby show a highly developed ER. Thus, pancreatic cancer cells display a prominent ER. Solid tumors have to cope with adverse situations in which hypoxia, lack of certain nutrients, and the action of certain antitumor agents lead to a complex interplay and crosstalk between ER stress and autophagy-the latter acting as an adaptive survival response. ER stress also mediates cell death induced by a number of anticancer drugs and experimental conditions, highlighting the pivotal role of ER stress in modulating cell fate. The alkylphospholipid analog prototype edelfosine is selectively taken up by tumor cells, accumulates in the ER of a number of human solid tumor cells-including pancreatic cancer cells-and promotes apoptosis through a persistent ER-stress-mediated mechanism both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we discuss and propose that direct ER targeting may be a promising approach in the therapy of pancreatic cancer, opening up a new avenue for the treatment of this currently incurable and deadly cancer. Furthermore, because autophagy acts as a cytoprotective response to ER stress, potentiation of the triggering of a persistent ER response by combination therapy, together with the use of autophagy blockers, could improve the current gloomy expectations for finding a cure for this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustino Mollinedo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, C/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Mutation in FBXO32 causes dilated cardiomyopathy through up-regulation of ER-stress mediated apoptosis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:884. [PMID: 34272480 PMCID: PMC8285540 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induction of cell death is implicated in cardiovascular diseases. Sustained activation of ER-stress induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, which in turn activate three major effector proteins. We previously reported a missense homozygous mutation in FBXO32 (MAFbx, Atrogin-1) causing advanced heart failure by impairing autophagy. In the present study, we performed transcriptional profiling and biochemical assays, which unexpectedly revealed a reduced activation of UPR effectors in patient mutant hearts, while a strong up-regulation of the CHOP transcription factor and of its target genes are observed. Expression of mutant FBXO32 in cells is sufficient to induce CHOP-associated apoptosis, to increase the ATF2 transcription factor and to impair ATF2 ubiquitination. ATF2 protein interacts with FBXO32 in the human heart and its expression is especially high in FBXO32 mutant hearts. These findings provide a new underlying mechanism for FBXO32-mediated cardiomyopathy, implicating abnormal activation of CHOP. These results suggest alternative non-canonical pathways of CHOP activation that could be considered to develop new therapeutic targets for the treatment of FBXO32-associated DCM. Al-Yacoub et al. investigate the consequences of FBXO32 mutation on dilated cardiomyopathy. ER stress, abnormal CHOP activation and CHOP-induced apoptosis with no UPR effector activation are found to underlie the FBXO32 mutation induced cardiomyopathy, suggesting an alternative pathway that can be considered to develop new therapeutic targets for its treatment.
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53
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Unfolded protein response during cardiovascular disorders: a tilt towards pro-survival and cellular homeostasis. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4061-4080. [PMID: 34259975 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that orchestrates the production and proper assembly of an extensive types of secretory and membrane proteins. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is conventionally related to prolonged disruption in the protein folding machinery resulting in the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER. This disruption is often manifested due to oxidative stress, Ca2+ leakage, iron imbalance, disease conditions which in turn hampers the cellular homeostasis and induces cellular apoptosis. A mild ER stress is often reverted back to normal. However, cells retaliate to acute ER stress by activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) which comprises three signaling pathways, Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), inositol requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α), and protein kinase RNA-activated-like ER kinase (PERK). The UPR response participates in both protective and pro-apoptotic responses and not much is known about the mechanistic aspects of the switch from pro-survival to pro-apoptosis. When ER stress outpaces UPR response then cell apoptosis prevails which often leads to the development of various diseases including cardiomyopathies. Therefore, it is important to identify molecules that modulate the UPR that may serve as promising tools towards effective treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we elucidated the latest advances in construing the contribution imparted by the three arms of UPR to combat the adverse environment in the ER to restore cellular homeostasis during cardiomyopathies. We also summarized the various therapeutic agents that plays crucial role in tilting the UPR response towards pro-survival.
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Chakafana G, Spracklen TF, Kamuli S, Zininga T, Shonhai A, Ntusi NAB, Sliwa K. Heat Shock Proteins: Potential Modulators and Candidate Biomarkers of Peripartum Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:633013. [PMID: 34222357 PMCID: PMC8241919 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.633013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a potentially life-threatening condition in which heart failure and systolic dysfunction occur late in pregnancy or within months following delivery. To date, no reliable biomarkers or therapeutic interventions for the condition exist, thus necessitating an urgent need for identification of novel PPCM drug targets and candidate biomarkers. Leads for novel treatments and biomarkers are therefore being investigated worldwide. Pregnancy is generally accompanied by dramatic hemodynamic changes, including a reduced afterload and a 50% increase in cardiac output. These increased cardiac stresses during pregnancy potentially impair protein folding processes within the cardiac tissue. The accumulation of misfolded proteins results in increased toxicity and cardiac insults that trigger heart failure. Under stress conditions, molecular chaperones such as heat shock proteins (Hsps) play crucial roles in maintaining cellular proteostasis. Here, we critically assess the potential role of Hsps in PPCM. We further predict specific associations between the Hsp types Hsp70, Hsp90 and small Hsps with several proteins implicated in PPCM pathophysiology. Furthermore, we explore the possibility of select Hsps as novel candidate PPCM biomarkers and drug targets. A better understanding of how these Hsps modulate PPCM pathogenesis holds promise in improving treatment, prognosis and management of the condition, and possibly other forms of acute heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Chakafana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Timothy F Spracklen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stephen Kamuli
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tawanda Zininga
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Addmore Shonhai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
| | - Ntobeko A B Ntusi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karen Sliwa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Wang N, Ma J, Ma Y, Lu L, Ma C, Qin P, Gao E, Zuo M, Yang J, Yang L. Electroacupuncture Pretreatment Mitigates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via XBP1/GRP78/Akt Pathway. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:629547. [PMID: 34195232 PMCID: PMC8236521 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.629547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury is a common clinical problem and can result in severe cardiac dysfunction. Previous studies have demonstrated the protection of electroacupuncture against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the role of X-box binding protein I (XBP1) signaling pathway in the protection of electroacupuncture was still elusive. Thus, we designed this study and demonstrated that electroacupuncture significantly improved cardiac function during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and reduced cardiac infarct size. Electroacupuncture treatment further inhibited cardiac injury manifested by the decrease of the activities of serum lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-MB. The results also revealed that electroacupuncture elevated the expressions of XBP1, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), Akt, and Bcl-2 and decreased the Bax and cleaved Caspase 3 expressions. By using the inhibitor of XBP1 in vitro, the results revealed that suppression of XBP1 expression could markedly increase the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-MB and cell apoptosis, thus exacerbating stimulated ischemia/reperfusion-induced H9c2 cell injury. Compared with stimulated ischemia/reperfusion group, inhibition of XBP1 inhibited the downstream GRP78 and Akt expressions during stimulated ischemia/reperfusion injury. Collectively, our data demonstrated that electroacupuncture treatment activated XBP1/GRP78/Akt signaling to protect hearts from myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. These findings revealed the underlying mechanisms of electroacupuncture protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and may provide novel therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jipeng Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Linhe Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mingzhang Zuo
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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56
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Jin T, Lin J, Gong Y, Bi X, Hu S, Lv Q, Chen J, Li X, Chen J, Zhang W, Wang M, Fu G. iPLA 2β Contributes to ER Stress-Induced Apoptosis during Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2021; 10:1446. [PMID: 34207793 PMCID: PMC8227999 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Both calcium-independent phospholipase A2 beta (iPLA2β) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress regulate important pathophysiological processes including inflammation, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis. However, their roles in ischemic heart disease are poorly understood. Here, we show that the expression of iPLA2β is increased during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, concomitant with the induction of ER stress and the upregulation of cell death. We further show that the levels of iPLA2β in serum collected from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and in samples collected from both in vivo and in vitro I/R injury models are significantly elevated. Further, iPLA2β knockout mice and siRNA mediated iPLA2β knockdown are employed to evaluate the ER stress and cell apoptosis during I/R injury. Additionally, cell surface protein biotinylation and immunofluorescence assays are used to trace and locate iPLA2β. Our data demonstrate the increase of iPLA2β augments ER stress and enhances cardiomyocyte apoptosis during I/R injury in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of iPLA2β ameliorates ER stress and decreases cell death. Mechanistically, iPLA2β promotes ER stress and apoptosis by translocating to ER upon myocardial I/R injury. Together, our study suggests iPLA2β contributes to ER stress-induced apoptosis during myocardial I/R injury, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target against ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Yingchao Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Xukun Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Shasha Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Qingbo Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jiaweng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Meihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China; (T.J.); (J.L.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (S.H.); (Q.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310027, China; (J.C.); (J.C.)
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Cao T, Peng B, Zhou X, Cai J, Tang Y, Luo J, Xie H, Zhang J, Liu S. Integrated signaling system under endoplasmic reticulum stress in eukaryotic microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4805-4818. [PMID: 34106312 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle, which is crucial for correct folding and assembly of secretory and transmembrane proteins. Perturbations of ER function can cause ER stress. ER stress can activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to cope with the accumulation of misfolded proteins and protein toxicity. UPR is a coordination system that regulates transcription and translation, leading to the recovery of ER homeostasis or cell death. However, cells have an integrated signaling system to cope with ER stress, which helps cells to restore and balance their ER function. The main components of this system are ER-associated degradation (ERAD), autophagy, hypoxia signaling, and mitochondrial biogenesis. If the balance cannot be restored, the imbalance will lead to cell death or apoptosis, or even to a series of diseases. In this review, a series of activities to restore the homeostasis of cells during ER stress are discussed. KEY POINTS: • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a key role in the biological process of cells. • Perturbations of ER function can cause ER stress, including the ER overload response (EOR), sterol-regulated cascade reaction, and the UPR. • Cells have an integrated signaling system (ERAD, autophagy, hypoxia signaling, and mitochondrial biogenesis) to cope with the adverse impact caused by ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Binfeng Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangping Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Jialun Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Haitao Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China
| | - Shuangquan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, 421000, Hunan, China.
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58
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Liao M, Wang C, Yang B, Huang D, Zheng Y, Wang S, Wang X, Zhang J, Tang C, Xu Z, He Y, Huang R, Zhang F, Wang Z, Wang N. Autophagy Blockade by Ai Du Qing Formula Promotes Chemosensitivity of Breast Cancer Stem Cells Via GRP78/β-Catenin/ABCG2 Axis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:659297. [PMID: 34149413 PMCID: PMC8210424 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.659297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the root of drug chemoresistance in breast cancer is tightly associated with subpopulations of cancer stem cells (CSCs), whose activation is largely dependent on taxol-promoting autophagy. Our pilot study identified GRP78 as a specific marker for chemoresistance potential of breast CSCs by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Ai Du Qing (ADQ) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula that has been utilized in the treatment cancer, particularly during the consolidation phase. In the present study, we investigated the regulatory effects and molecular mechanisms of ADQ in promoting autophagy-related breast cancer chemosensitivity. ADQ with taxol decreasing the cell proliferation and colony formation of breast cancer cells, which was accompanied by suppressed breast CSC ratio, limited self-renewal capability, as well as attenuated multi-differentiation. Furthermore, autophagy in ADQ-treated breast CSCs was blocked by taxol via regulation of β-catenin/ABCG2 signaling. We also validated that autophagy suppression and chemosensitizing activity of this formula was GRP78-dependent. In addition, GRP78 overexpression promoted autophagy-inducing chemoresistance in breast cancer cells by stabilizing β-catenin, while ADQ treatment downregulated GRP78, activated the Akt/GSK3β-mediated proteasome degradation of β-catenin via ubiquitination activation, and consequently attenuated the chemoresistance-promoted effect of GRP78. In addition, both mouse breast cancer xenograft and zebrafish xenotransplantation models demonstrated that ADQ inhibited mammary tumor growth, and the breast CSC subpopulation showed obscure adverse effects. Collectively, this study not only reveals the chemosensitizating mechanism of ADQ in breast CSCs, but also highlights the importance of GRP78 in mediating autophagy-promoting drug resistance via β-catenin/ABCG2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianmian Liao
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiwei Wang
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danping Huang
- Shenzhen Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Zheng
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juping Zhang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunbian Tang
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruolin Huang
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Neng Wang
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Therapies to prevent post-infarction remodelling: From repair to regeneration. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120906. [PMID: 34139506 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is the first cause of worldwide mortality, with an increasing incidence also reported in developing countries. Over the past decades, preclinical research and clinical trials continually tested the efficacy of cellular and acellular-based treatments. However, none of them resulted in a drug or device currently used in combination with either percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft. Inflammatory, proliferation and remodelling phases follow the ischaemic event in the myocardial tissue. Only recently, single-cell sequencing analyses provided insights into the specific cell populations which determine the final fibrotic deposition in the affected region. In this review, ischaemia, inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, cellular stress and fundamental cellular and molecular components are evaluated as therapeutic targets. Given the emerging evidence of biomaterial-based systems, the increasing use of injectable hydrogels/scaffolds and epicardial patches is reported both as acellular and cellularised/functionalised treatments. Since several variables influence the outcome of any experimented treatment, we return to the pathological basis with an unbiased view towards any specific process or cellular component. Thus, by evaluating the benefits and limitations of the approaches based on these targets, the reader can weigh the rationale of each of the strategies that reached the clinical trials stage. As recent studies focused on the relevance of the extracellular matrix in modulating ischaemic remodelling and enhancing myocardial regeneration, we aim to portray current trends in the field with this review. Finally, approaches towards feasible translational studies that are as yet unexplored are also suggested.
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Lactate Dehydrogenase A Governs Cardiac Hypertrophic Growth in Response to Hemodynamic Stress. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108087. [PMID: 32877669 PMCID: PMC7520916 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart manifests hypertrophic growth in response to high blood pressure, which may decompensate and progress to heart failure under persistent stress. Metabolic remodeling is an early event in this process. However, its role remains to be fully characterized. Here, we show that lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), a critical glycolytic enzyme, is elevated in the heart in response to hemodynamic stress. Cardiomyocyte-restricted deletion of LDHA leads to defective cardiac hypertrophic growth and heart failure by pressure overload. Silencing of LDHA in cultured cardiomyocytes suppresses cell growth from pro-hypertrophic stimulation in vitro, while overexpression of LDHA is sufficient to drive cardiomyocyte growth. Furthermore, we find that lactate is capable of rescuing the growth defect from LDHA knockdown. Mechanistically, lactate stabilizes NDRG3 (N-myc downregulated gene family 3) and stimulates ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase). Our results together suggest that the LDHA/NDRG3 axis may play a critical role in adaptive cardiomyocyte growth in response to hemodynamic stress. Dai et al. find that LDHA is significantly increased in the heart under hemodynamic stress, and cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of LDHA leads to severe cardiac dysfunction in response to pressure overload. LDHA may govern adaptive growth through elevation of NDRG3 and activation of ERK.
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Gong Y, Lin J, Ma Z, Yu M, Wang M, Lai D, Fu G. Mitochondria-associated membrane-modulated Ca 2+ transfer: A potential treatment target in cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury and heart failure. Life Sci 2021; 278:119511. [PMID: 33864818 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Effective Ca2+ dependent mitochondrial energy supply is imperative for proper cardiac contractile activity, while disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis participates in the pathogenesis of multiple human diseases. This phenomenon is particularly prominent in cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) and heart failure, both of which require strict clinical intervention. The interface between endoplasmic reticula (ER) and mitochondria, designated the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM), is now regarded as a crucial mediator of Ca2+ transportation. Thus, interventions targeting this physical and functional coupling between mitochondria and the ER are highly desirable. Increasing evidence supports the notion that restoration, and maintenance, of the physiological contact between these two organelles can improve mitochondrial function, while inhibiting cell death, thereby sufficiently ameliorating I/R injury and heart failure development. A better understanding regarding the underlying mechanism of MAM-mediated transport will pave the way for identification of novel treatment approaches for heart disease. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the crucial functions and potential mechanisms of MAMs in the pathogenesis of I/R and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zetao Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meihui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Dongwu Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China.
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62
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Wang XT, Peng Z, An YY, Shang T, Xiao G, He S, Chen X, Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang T, Zhang JH, Gao X, Zhu Y, Feng Y. Paeoniflorin and Hydroxysafflor Yellow A in Xuebijing Injection Attenuate Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Inhibit Proinflammatory Cytokine Production. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:614024. [PMID: 33986658 PMCID: PMC8112230 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.614024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction is a major contributor to the poor outcomes of septic shock. As an add-on with conventional sepsis management for over 15 years, the effect of Xuebijing injection (XBJ) on the sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction was not well understood. The material basis of Xuebijing injection (XBJ) in managing infections and infection-related complications remains to be defined. A murine cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model and cardiomyocytes in vitro culture were adopted to study the influence of XBJ on infection-induced cardiac dysfunction. XBJ significantly improved the survival of septic-mice and rescued cardiac dysfunction in vivo. RNA-seq revealed XBJ attenuated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and related signalings in the heart which was further confirmed on the mRNA and protein levels. Xuebijing also protected cardiomyocytes from LPS-induced mitochondrial calcium ion overload and reduced the LPS-induced ROS production in cardiomyocytes. The therapeutic effect of XBJ was mediated by the combination of paeoniflorin and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) (C0127-2). C0127-2 improved the survival of septic mice, protected their cardiac function and cardiomyocytes while balancing gene expression in cytokine-storm-related signalings, such as TNF-α and NF-κB. In summary, Paeoniflorin and HSYA are key active compounds in XBJ for managing sepsis, protecting cardiac function, and controlling inflammation in the cardiac tissue partially by limiting the production of IL-6, IL-1β, and CXCL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying-Ying An
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangxu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Abstract
Cells respond to stress by activating a variety of defense signaling pathways, including cell survival and cell death pathways. Although cell survival signaling helps the cell to recover from acute insults, cell death or senescence pathways induced by chronic insults can lead to unresolved pathologies. Arterial hypertension results from chronic physiological maladaptation against various stressors represented by abnormal circulating or local neurohormonal factors, mechanical stress, intracellular accumulation of toxic molecules, and dysfunctional organelles. Hypertension and aging share common mechanisms that mediate or prolong chronic cell stress, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress and accumulation of protein aggregates, oxidative stress, metabolic mitochondrial stress, DNA damage, stress-induced senescence, and proinflammatory processes. This review discusses common adaptive signaling mechanisms against these stresses including unfolded protein responses, antioxidant response element signaling, autophagy, mitophagy, and mitochondrial fission/fusion, STING (signaling effector stimulator of interferon genes)-mediated responses, and activation of pattern recognition receptors. The main molecular mechanisms by which the vasculature copes with hypertensive and aging stressors are presented and recent advancements in stress-adaptive signaling mechanisms as well as potential therapeutic targets are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Cicalese
- These authors contributed equally and are considered co-first authors
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Josiane Fernandes da Silva
- These authors contributed equally and are considered co-first authors
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Priviero
- These authors contributed equally and are considered co-first authors
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - R. Clinton Webb
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rita C. Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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64
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response in cardiovascular diseases. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:499-521. [PMID: 33619348 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as ischaemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, hypertension, stroke and heart failure, are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although specific CVDs and the associated cardiometabolic abnormalities have distinct pathophysiological and clinical manifestations, they often share common traits, including disruption of proteostasis resulting in accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER proteostasis is governed by the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signalling pathway that adjusts the protein-folding capacity of the cell to sustain the cell's secretory function. When the adaptive UPR fails to preserve ER homeostasis, a maladaptive or terminal UPR is engaged, leading to the disruption of ER integrity and to apoptosis. ER stress functions as a double-edged sword, with long-term ER stress resulting in cellular defects causing disturbed cardiovascular function. In this Review, we discuss the distinct roles of the UPR and ER stress response as both causes and consequences of CVD. We also summarize the latest advances in our understanding of the importance of the UPR and ER stress in the pathogenesis of CVD and discuss potential therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring ER proteostasis in CVDs.
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65
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Liu S, Sun WC, Zhang YL, Lin QY, Liao JW, Song GR, Ma XL, Li HH, Zhang B. SOCS3 Negatively Regulates Cardiac Hypertrophy via Targeting GRP78-Mediated ER Stress During Pressure Overload. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629932. [PMID: 33585485 PMCID: PMC7874011 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload-induced hypertrophic remodeling is a critical pathological process leading to heart failure (HF). Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) has been demonstrated to protect against cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, but its mechanisms are largely unknown. Using primary cardiomyocytes and cardiac-specific SOCS3 knockout (SOCS3cko) or overexpression mice, we demonstrated that modulation of SOCS3 level influenced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction induced by hypertrophic stimuli. We found that glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78) was a direct target of SOCS3, and that overexpression of SOCS3 inhibited cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis through promoting proteasomal degradation of GRP78, thereby inhibiting activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitophagy in the heart. Thus, our results uncover SOCS3-GRP78-mediated ER stress as a novel mechanism in the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to HF induced by sustained pressure overload, and suggest that modulating this pathway may provide a new therapeutic approach for hypertrophic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wen-Chang Sun
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yun-Long Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jia-Wei Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Gui-Rong Song
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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66
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Obert DP, Wolpert AK, Grimm NL, Korff S. ER stress preconditioning ameliorates liver damage after hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:248. [PMID: 33603856 PMCID: PMC7851603 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mismatch of oxygen supply and demand during hemorrhagic shock disturbs endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. The resulting accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen, which is a condition that is defined as ER stress, triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). Since the UPR influences the extent of organ damage following hemorrhagic shock/reperfusion (HS/R) and mediates the protective effects of stress preconditioning before ischemia-reperfusion injury, the current study investigated the mechanisms of ER stress preconditioning and its impact on post-hemorrhagic liver damage. Male C56BL/6-mice were injected intraperitoneally with the ER stress inductor tunicamycin (TM) or its drug vehicle 48 h prior to being subjected to a 90 min pressure-controlled hemorrhagic shock (30±5 mmHg). A period of 14 h after hemorrhagic shock induction, mice were sacrificed. Hepatocellular damage was quantified by analyzing hepatic transaminases and hematoxylin-eosin stained liver tissue sections. Additionally, the topographic expression patterns of the ER stress marker binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), UPR signaling pathways, and the autophagy marker Beclin1 were evaluated. TM injection significantly increased BiP expression and modified the topographic expression patterns of the UPR signaling proteins. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis of Beclin1 revealed an increased pericentral staining intensity following TM pretreatment. The histologic analysis of hepatocellular damage demonstrated a significant reduction in cell death areas in HS/R+TM (P=0.024). ER stress preconditioning influences the UPR and alleviates post-hemorrhagic liver damage. The beneficial effects were, at least partially, mediated by the upregulation of BiP and autophagy induction. These results underscore the importance of the UPR in the context of HS/R and may help identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Peter Obert
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Karl Wolpert
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Trauma Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Nathan Lewis Grimm
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sebastian Korff
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Jaén RI, Sánchez-García S, Fernández-Velasco M, Boscá L, Prieto P. Resolution-Based Therapies: The Potential of Lipoxins to Treat Human Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658840. [PMID: 33968061 PMCID: PMC8102821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an a physiological response instead an essential response of the organism to injury and its adequate resolution is essential to restore homeostasis. However, defective resolution can be the precursor of severe forms of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Nowadays, it is known that an excessive inflammatory response underlies the most prevalent human pathologies worldwide. Therefore, great biomedical research efforts have been driven toward discovering new strategies to promote the resolution of inflammation with fewer side-effects and more specificity than the available anti-inflammatory treatments. In this line, the use of endogenous specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) has gained a prominent interest. Among the different SPMs described, lipoxins stand out as one of the most studied and their deficiency has been widely associated with a wide range of pathologies. In this review, we examined the current knowledge on the therapeutic potential of lipoxins to treat diseases characterized by a severe inflammatory background affecting main physiological systems, paying special attention to the signaling pathways involved. Altogether, we provide an updated overview of the evidence suggesting that increasing endogenously generated lipoxins may emerge as a new therapeutic approach to prevent and treat many of the most prevalent diseases underpinned by an increased inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael I. Jaén
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Fernández-Velasco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de investigación del Hospital la Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Lisardo Boscá, ; Patricia Prieto,
| | - Patricia Prieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Lisardo Boscá, ; Patricia Prieto,
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68
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Lin MW, Chen CI, Cheng TT, Huang CC, Tsai JW, Feng GM, Hwang TZ, Lam CF. Prolonged preoperative fasting induces postoperative insulin resistance by ER-stress mediated Glut4 down-regulation in skeletal muscles. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1189-1197. [PMID: 33526980 PMCID: PMC7847634 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.52701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Preoperative fasting aims to prevent pulmonary aspiration and improve bowel preparation, but it may induce profound systemic catabolic responses that lead to protein breakdown and insulin-resistant hyperglycemia after operation. However, the molecular mechanisms of catabolic reaction induced by prolonged preoperative fasting and surgical stress are undetermined. In this study, anesthetized rats were randomly assigned to receive a sham operation or laparotomy cecectomy. Fasting groups were restricted from food and water for 12 h before operation, while the feeding group had free access to food throughout the study period. Twenty-four hours after operation, the animals were sacrificed to collect blood samples and soleus muscles for analysis. Postoperative blood glucose level was significantly increased in the fasting group with elevated serum insulin and C-peptide. Continuous feeding reduced serum myoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase concentrations. Preoperative fasting activated inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease (IRE)-1α and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress, and reduced glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) expression in the soleus muscle. Phospholamban phosphorylation was reduced and intracellular calcium levels were increased in the isolated skeletal muscle cells. Similar results were found in ER stress-induced C1C12 myoblasts. The expression of Glut4 was suppressed in the stressed C1C12, but was potentiated following inhibition of ER stress and chelation of intracellular free calcium. This study provides evidence demonstrating that prolonged preoperative fasting induces ER stress and generates insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle through suppression of Glut4 and inactivation of Ca2+-ATPase, leading to intracellular calcium homeostasis disruption and peripheral insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, I-Shou University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-I Chen
- Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chi Huang
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Wei Tsai
- Department of Pathology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ming Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzer-Zen Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Fuh Lam
- Department of Anesthesiology, E-Da Hospital/E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, I-Shou University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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69
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Astragaloside and/or Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Attenuates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Cultured Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cell Death through Downregulation of PHLPP-1. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3597527. [PMID: 33381198 PMCID: PMC7755473 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3597527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of ischemic stroke, a life-threatening condition in humans, amongst Asians is high and the prognosis is poor. In the absence of effective therapeutics, traditional Chinese medicines have been used that have shown promising results. It is crucial to identify traditional Chinese medicine formulas that protect the blood-brain barrier, which is damaged by an ischemic stroke. In this study, we aimed to elucidate such formulas. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were used to establish an in vitro ischemia-reperfusion model for oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) experiments to evaluate the function of two traditional Chinese medicines, namely, astragaloside (AS-IV) and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), in protecting against BMEC. Our results revealed that AS-IV and HSYA attenuated the cell loss caused by OGD by increasing cell proliferation and inhibiting cell apoptosis. In addition, these compounds promoted the migration and invasion of BMECs in vitro. Furthermore, we found that BMECs rescued by AS-IV and HSYA could be functionally activated in vitro, with AS-IV and HSYA showing synergetic effects in rescuing BMECs survival in vitro by reducing the expression of PHLPP-1 and activating Akt signaling. Our results elucidated the potential of AS-IV and HSYA in the prevention and treatment of stroke by protecting against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Zhu Z, Ling X, Zhou H, Zhang C. Dexmedetomidine at a dose of 1 µM attenuates H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury under 3 h of hypoxia exposure and 3 h of reoxygenation through the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:132. [PMID: 33376514 PMCID: PMC7751463 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) has been confirmed to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) during downstream cascade reactions after the sufficient deterioration of cardiomyocyte function. However, clinically outcomes have been inconsistent with experimental findings because the mechanism has not been entirely elucidated. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an α2 adrenergic receptor agonist with anti-inflammatory and organ-protective activity, has been shown to attenuate IRI in the heart. The present study aimed to determine whether DEX is able to protect injured cardiomyocytes under in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) conditions and evaluate the conditions under which ERS is efficiently ameliorated. The cytotoxicity of DEX in H9c2 cells was evaluated 24 h after treatment with several different concentrations of DEX. The most appropriate H/R model parameters were determined by the assessment of cell viability and injury with Cell Counting Kit-8 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays after incubation under hypoxic conditions for 3 h and reoxygenation conditions for 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. Additionally, the aforementioned methods were used to assess cardiomyocytes cultured with various concentrations of DEX under H/R conditions. Furthermore, the degree of apoptosis and the mRNA and protein expression levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and caspase-12 were evaluated in all groups. The addition of 1, 5 and 10 µM DEX to the cell culture significantly increased the proliferation of H9c2 cells by >80% under normal culture conditions. In the H/R model assessment, following 3 h of anoxia exposure, H9c2 cell viability decreased to 62.67% with 3 h of reoxygenation and to 36% with 6 h of reoxygenation compared with the control. The viability of H9c2 cells subjected to hypoxia for 3 h and reoxygenation for 3 h increased by 61.3% when pretreated with 1 µM DEX, and the LDH concentration in the supernatant was effectively decreased by 13.7%. H/R significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic cells, as detected by flow cytometry, and increased the expression levels of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12, while treatment with either DEX or 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) significantly attenuated these effects. Additionally, despite the protective effect of DEX against H/R injury, 4-PBA attenuated the changes induced by DEX and H/R. In conclusion, treatment with 1 µM DEX alleviated cell injury, apoptosis and the increases in GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 expression levels in H9c2 cells induced by 3 h of hypoxia and 3 h of reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Ling
- Outpatient Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
| | - Caijun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China
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Chen L, Xia YF, Shen SF, Tang J, Chen JL, Qian K, Chen Z, Qin ZH, Sheng R. Syntaxin 17 inhibits ischemic neuronal injury by resuming autophagy flux and ameliorating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:319-333. [PMID: 32828953 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that syntaxin 17 (STX17) is involved in mediating the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of STX17 in neuronal injury following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) models were established by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in mice and oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (O/R) in primary cultured cortical neurons and HT22 cells. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion significantly up-regulated the expression of STX17 in neurons. Lentivirus mediated knockdown of STX17 in neurons reduced neuronal viability and increased LDH leakage. Injection of AAV9-shSTX17 into the brain of mice then subjected to tMCAO also significantly augmented the infarct area and exacerbated neurobehavioral deficits and mortality. Depletion of STX17 caused accumulation of autophagic marker/substrate LC3 II and p62, blockade of the autophagic flux, and the accumulation of dysfunctional lysosomes. Knockdown of STX17 also aggravated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-dependent neuronal apoptosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Importantly, induction of autophagy-lysosomal pathway and alleviation of ER stress partially rescued STX17 knockdown-induced neuronal damage. These results suggest that STX17 may ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuronal damage by enhancing autophagy flux and reducing ER stress-dependent neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun-Fei Xia
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shu-Fang Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ke Qian
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Zhang J, Yu P, Hua F, Hu Y, Xiao F, Liu Q, Huang D, Deng F, Wei G, Deng W, Ma J, Zhu W, Zhang J, Yu S. Sevoflurane postconditioning reduces myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury-induced necroptosis by up-regulation of OGT-mediated O-GlcNAcylated RIPK3. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25452-25468. [PMID: 33231560 PMCID: PMC7803485 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation anesthetics have been demonstrated to have protective effects against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI). O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAc) modifications have been shown to protect against MIRI. This study aimed to investigate whether O-GlcNAcylation and necroptosis signaling were important for sevoflurane postconditioning (SPC) induced cardioprotective effects. Apart from rats in the SHAM and sevoflurane (SEVO) group, rats underwent 30 min ischemia followed by 2 h reperfusion. Cardiac hemodynamics and function were determined. In addition, myocardial infarction size, cardiac function parameters, myocardial lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) content, myocardium histopathological changes, necrotic myocardium, O-GlcNAcylation, and protein expression levels of necroptosis biomarkers were measured, together with co-immunoprecipitation experiments using proteins associated with the necroptosis pathway and O-GlcNAcylation. SPC reduced myocardial infarction size, ameliorated cardiac function, restored hemodynamic performance, improved histopathological changes, and reduced receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)/receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)/mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) mediated necroptosis. In addition, SPC up-regulated O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) mediated O-GlcNAcylation, increased O-GlcNAcylated RIPK3, and inhibited the association of RIPK3 and MLKL. However, OSMI-1, an OGT inhibitor, abolished SPC mediated cardioprotective effects and inhibited OGT mediated up-regulation of O-GlcNAcylation and down-regulation of RIPK3 and MLKL proteins induced by SPC. Our study demonstrated that SPC restrained MIRI induced necroptosis via regulating OGT mediated O-GlcNAcylation of RIPK3 and lessening the formulation of RIPK3/MLKL complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fuzhou Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fumou Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Gen Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jianyong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Wengen Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiru Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (The Fourth People's Hospital in Wuxi City), Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Shuchun Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliate Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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Kaur N, Raja R, Ruiz-Velasco A, Liu W. Cellular Protein Quality Control in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Bench to Bedside. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:585309. [PMID: 33195472 PMCID: PMC7593653 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.585309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a serious comorbidity and the most common cause of mortality in diabetes patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) features impaired cellular structure and function, culminating in heart failure; however, there is a dearth of specific clinical therapy for treating DCM. Protein homeostasis is pivotal for the maintenance of cellular viability under physiological and pathological conditions, particularly in the irreplaceable cardiomyocytes; therefore, it is tightly regulated by a protein quality control (PQC) system. Three evolutionarily conserved molecular processes, the unfolded protein response (UPR), the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and autophagy, enhance protein turnover and preserve protein homeostasis by suppressing protein translation, degrading misfolded or unfolded proteins in cytosol or organelles, disposing of damaged and toxic proteins, recycling essential amino acids, and eliminating insoluble protein aggregates. In response to increased cellular protein demand under pathological insults, including the diabetic condition, a coordinated PQC system retains cardiac protein homeostasis and heart performance, on the contrary, inappropriate PQC function exaggerates cardiac proteotoxicity with subsequent heart dysfunction. Further investigation of the PQC mechanisms in diabetes propels a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of DCM and opens new prospective treatment strategies for heart disease and heart failure in diabetes patients. In this review, the function and regulation of cardiac PQC machinery in diabetes mellitus, and the therapeutic potential for the diabetic heart are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrita Kaur
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rida Raja
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Ruiz-Velasco
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Zhu Z, Ling X, Zhou H, Zhang C, Yan W. Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Cellular Injury and Apoptosis in H9c2 Cardiomyocytes by Regulating p-38MAPK and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4231-4243. [PMID: 33116411 PMCID: PMC7568428 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s265970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) has been confirmed to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) when myocardial cell function continues to deteriorate to a certain degree. The clinical applications of effective tested strategies are sometimes inconsistent with the applications evaluated in experiments, although reasonable mechanisms and diverse signalling pathways have been broadly explored. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been shown to attenuate IRI of the heart in animal studies. This study aimed to determine whether DEX can protect injured cardiomyocytes under hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) at the cellular level and whether the mechanism is related to ERS and the p38 MAPK pathway. Methods H9c2 cells were subjected to H/R or thapsigargin (TG) to build a model. DEX or 4-PBA was added to the medium either 1 h or 24 h before modelling, respectively. Model parameters were determined by assessing cell viability and injury, which were measured by assessing cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and flow cytometry results, and the expression of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12. In addition, the protein expression of p38MAPK and p-p38MAPK was examined, and SB202190, a negative regulator, was also preincubated in medium. Results Compared to that of cells in the control group, the activity of cells in the H/R and TG groups was decreased dramatically, and the LDH concentration and proportion of apoptotic cells were increased. DEX could correspondingly reverse the changes induced by H/R or TG. Additionally, DEX effectively attenuated ERS defined as increased expression of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12. Additionally, DEX could obviously depress the P38 MAPK phosphorylation and high p-p38 MAPK expression in the TG group, indicating DEX has a function similar to that of SB202190. Conclusion H/R injury in H9c2 cells can lead to abnormal ERS and apoptosis, as well as activation of the p38MAPK signalling pathway. DEX can protect cardiomyocytes by intervening in ERS, regulating p38MAPK and the downstream apoptotic signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province 314000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Ling
- The Outpatient Nursing Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province 314000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province 314000, People's Republic of China
| | - Caijun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province 314000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province 314000, People's Republic of China
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Ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy pathophysiology through microRNA-16-5p. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 74:740-749. [PMID: 33051165 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The expression levels of microRNA-16-5p (miR-16) are upregulated in ischemic cardiomyopathy and in animal models of ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (iDCM), inducing myocardial apoptosis. We investigated the role of miR-16 in the adaptive cellular response associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy in the apoptotic iDCM environment. METHODS We quantified the miR-16 plasma levels of 168 participants-76 controls, 60 iDCM patients, and 32 familial DCM patients with the pathogenic variant of BAG3-by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and correlated the levels with patient variables. The effects of intracellular miR-16 overexpression were analyzed in a human cardiac cell line. Apoptosis and cell viability were measured, as well as the levels of markers associated with ER stress, cardiac injury, and autophagy. RESULTS Plasma miR-16 levels were upregulated in iDCM patients (P=.039). A multivariate logistic regression model determined the association of miR-16 with iDCM clinical variables (P <.001). In vitro, miR-16 overexpression increased apoptosis (P=.02) and reduced cell viability (P=.008). Furthermore, it induced proapoptotic components of ER stress, based on upregulation of the PERK/CHOP pathway. However, we observed augmentation of autophagic flux (P <.001) without lysosomal blockade by miR-16 as a possible cytoprotective mechanism. CONCLUSIONS MiR-16 is specifically associated with iDCM. In an ischemic setting, miR-16 activates ER stress and promotes inflammation followed by autophagy in human cardiac cells. Thus, autophagy may be an attempt to maintain cellular homeostasis in response to misfolded/aggregated proteins related to ER stress, prior to apoptosis.
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76
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Grandjean JMD, Madhavan A, Cech L, Seguinot BO, Paxman RJ, Smith E, Scampavia L, Powers ET, Cooley CB, Plate L, Spicer TP, Kelly JW, Wiseman RL. Pharmacologic IRE1/XBP1s activation confers targeted ER proteostasis reprogramming. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:1052-1061. [PMID: 32690944 PMCID: PMC7502540 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the IRE1/XBP1s signaling arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is a promising strategy to correct defects in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis implicated in diverse diseases. However, no pharmacologic activators of this pathway identified to date are suitable for ER proteostasis remodeling through selective activation of IRE1/XBP1s signaling. Here, we use high-throughput screening to identify non-toxic compounds that induce ER proteostasis remodeling through IRE1/XBP1s activation. We employ transcriptional profiling to stringently confirm that our prioritized compounds selectively activate IRE1/XBP1s signaling without activating other cellular stress-responsive signaling pathways. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our compounds improve ER proteostasis of destabilized variants of amyloid precursor protein (APP) through an IRE1-dependent mechanism and reduce APP-associated mitochondrial toxicity in cellular models. These results establish highly selective IRE1/XBP1s activating compounds that can be widely employed to define the functional importance of IRE1/XBP1s activity for ER proteostasis regulation in the context of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M D Grandjean
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aparajita Madhavan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Cech
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bryan O Seguinot
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ryan J Paxman
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emery Smith
- Scripps Research Molecular Screening Center, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Louis Scampavia
- Scripps Research Molecular Screening Center, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Evan T Powers
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Lars Plate
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy P Spicer
- Scripps Research Molecular Screening Center, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R Luke Wiseman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Jiang N, Li Z, Li Z, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Wan P, Zhu Y, Li Y, Su W, Zhuo Y. Laquinimod exerts anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106989. [PMID: 33182069 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) occurs in various vision disabled ocular diseases, involved in acute glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, ischemic optic neuropathy, hypertensive retinopathy and retinal vascular occlusion. Laquinimod (LQ), a new type of immunosuppressant, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects on autoimmune diseases. This research aims to investigate the protective effect of LQ on I/R damage by focusing on inhibiting dysregulated neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis. In our study, mice were treated with LQ after high intraocular pressure (IOP)-induced retinal I/R injury. The data showed that LQ significantly attenuated high IOP-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and inner plexiform layer (IPL) thinning and inhibited microglial activation. The results of qRT-PCR, flow cytometry and Luminex multiplex assays demonstrated the anti-inflammatory action of LQ in BV2 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, primary RGC apoptosis induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) was also directly suppressed by LQ. Importantly, LQ inhibited the expression of cleaved caspase-8 and the downstream NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β. In conclusion, our findings offer the first evidence that LQ treatment prevents retinal I/R damage. Furthermore, LQ could directly inhibit RGC apoptosis. Caspase-8 activation and subsequent inflammation can also be suppressed by LQ, which suggests that LQ may act through inhibiting the caspase-8 pathway. This study demonstrates a new mechanism of LQ and provides beneficial preclinical data for the clinical application of LQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuohong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peixing Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Saleh DO, Mansour DF, Mostafa RE. Rosuvastatin and simvastatin attenuate cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity via disruption of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptotic death in rats: targeting ER-Chaperone GRP78 and Calpain-1 pathways. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1178-1186. [PMID: 32995293 PMCID: PMC7501485 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is a powerful antineoplastic chemotherapeutic agent with broad-spectrum properties. Acute and cumulative cardiotoxicity are major limiting factors for CP therapy. Various pathogenic pathways have been suggested to CP-induced cardiotoxicity; oxidative damage, ER stress, and programmed cell death/apoptosis. The present study aimed to assess the signaling mechanisms related to the advantageous effects of rosuvastatin (RSV) and simvastatin (SMV) against CP-related cardiac ER stress dependent apoptotic death in rats. Acute cardiotoxicity was induced by a single dose of CP (10 mg/kg, i.p.) on the 10th day of the experiment. RSV (10 mg/ kg/day) and SMV (10 mg/kg/day) were orally administered for 15 days. CP-treated rats showed significant alterations in electrocardiographic recordings and elevation in serum cardiac function biomarkers; troponin T content, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-MB levels as well as boost in the cardiac oxidative stress biomarkers. In addition, CP exposure resulted in GRP78 induction; an ER stress and elevation marker at calpain-1 content as well as activation of activated caspase-3 (ACASP3) and caspase-12 were reflected on CP-triggered apoptosis evidenced by elevation in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. However, RSV and SMV administration mitigate those adverse CP effects. Statins administration prominently alleviated CP-induced cardiac abnormalities exerting improvement in the ECG pattern and cardiac enzyme biomarkers. Interestingly, statins; RSV and SMV, disrupted CP-induced ER stress and the consequent apoptotic cell death evidenced by downregulation of ER-chaperone GRP78, calpain-1, ACASP3 and caspase-12 as well as decline in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. From all the previous findings, it can be suggested that statins namely; RSV and SMV, play protective role against CP-induced cardiac injury by regulating ER stress-mediated apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia O Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33 El Buhouth st-Dokki P.O:12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina F Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33 El Buhouth st-Dokki P.O:12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha E Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33 El Buhouth st-Dokki P.O:12622, Cairo, Egypt
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ER Stress-Induced Secretion of Proteins and Their Extracellular Functions in the Heart. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092066. [PMID: 32927693 PMCID: PMC7563782 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a result of conditions that imbalance protein homeostasis or proteostasis at the ER, for example ischemia, and is a common event in various human pathologies, including the diseased heart. Cardiac integrity and function depend on the active secretion of mature proteins from a variety of cell types in the heart, a process that requires an intact ER environment for efficient protein folding and trafficking to the secretory pathway. As a consequence of ER stress, most protein secretion by the ER secretory pathway is decreased. Strikingly, there is a select group of proteins that are secreted in greater quantities during ER stress. ER stress resulting from the dysregulation of ER Ca2+ levels, for instance, stimulates the secretion of Ca2+-binding ER chaperones, especially GRP78, GRP94, calreticulin, and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), which play a multitude of roles outside the cell, strongly depending on the cell type and tissue. Here we review current insights in ER stress-induced secretion of proteins, particularly from the heart, and highlight the extracellular functions of these proteins, ranging from the augmentation of cardiac cell viability to the modulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic, oncogenic, and immune-stimulatory cell signaling, cell invasion, extracellular proteostasis, and more. Many of the roles of ER stress-induced protein secretion remain to be explored in the heart. This article is part of a special issue entitled “The Role of Proteostasis Derailment in Cardiac Diseases.”
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80
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Li Y, Lin M, Wang K, Zhan Y, Gu W, Gao G, Huang Y, Chen Y, Huang T, Wang J. A module of multifactor-mediated dysfunction guides the molecular typing of coronary heart disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1415. [PMID: 32743916 PMCID: PMC7549572 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) is the most common cardiovascular disease and has become a leading cause of death globally. Various molecular typing methods are available for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. However, molecular typing results are not routinely used for CHD. Methods and Results Aiming to uncover the underlying molecular features of different types of CHD, we screened the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with CHD based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data and expanded those with the NCBI‐gene and OMIM databases to finally obtain 2021 DEGs. The weighted gene co‐expression analysis (WGCNA) was performed on the candidate genes, and six distinctive WGCNA modules were identified, two of which were associated with CHD. Moreover, DEGs were mined as key genes for co‐expression based on the module network relationship. Furthermore, the differentially expressed miRNAs in CHD and interactions in the database were mined in the GEO data set to build a multifactor regulatory network of key genes for co‐expression. Based on the network, the CHD samples were further classified into five clusters and we defined FTH1, HCAR3, RGS2, S100A9, and TYROBP as the top genes of the five subgroups. Finally, the mRNA levels of FTH1, S100A9, and TYROBP were found to be significantly increased, while the expression of HCAR3 was decreased in the blood of CHD patients. We did not detect measurable levels of RGS2. Conclusion The screened core clusters of genes may be a target for the diagnosis and treatment of CHD as a molecular typing module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China
| | - Maohuan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China
| | - Kangjie Wang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - YaQing Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanghao Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuna Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangxin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China
| | - Tucheng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China
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81
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Yi J, Kim TS, Pak JH, Chung JW. Protective Effects of Glucose-Related Protein 78 and 94 on Cisplatin-Mediated Ototoxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E686. [PMID: 32748834 PMCID: PMC7465420 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug for treating various solid tumors. Ototoxicity is a major dose-limiting side effect of cisplatin, which causes progressive and irreversible sensorineural hearing loss. Here, we examined the protective effects of glucose-related protein (GRP) 78 and 94, also identified as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone proteins, on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Treating murine auditory cells (HEI-OC1) with 25 μM cisplatin for 24 h increased cell death resulting from excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and caspase-involved apoptotic signaling pathway activation with subsequent DNA fragmentation. GRP78 and GRP94 expression was increased in cells treated with 3 nM thapsigargin or 0.1 μg/mL tunicamycin for 24 h, referred to as mild ER stress condition. This condition, prior to cisplatin exposure, attenuated cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. The involvement of GRP78 and GRP94 induction was demonstrated by the knockdown of GRP78 or GRP94 expression using small interfering RNAs, which abolished the protective effect of mild ER stress condition on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. These results indicated that GRP78 and GRP94 induction plays a protective role in remediating cisplatin-ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyeong Yi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Tae Su Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Gangwondaehakgil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24341, Korea
| | - Jhang Ho Pak
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jong Woo Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Korea
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82
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Guan BF, Dai XF, Huang QB, Zhao D, Shi JL, Chen C, Zhu Y, Ai F. Icariside II ameliorates myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury by attenuating inflammation and apoptosis through the regulation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3151-3160. [PMID: 32945440 PMCID: PMC7453495 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Icariside II (ICAII) is a bioflavonoid compound which has demonstrated anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic biological activities. However, to the best of our knowledge, whether ICAII can alleviate myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury (MIRI) remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine whether ICAII exerted a protective effect on MIRI and to investigate the potential underlying mechanism of action. A rat MIRI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min, followed by a 24 h reperfusion. Pretreatment with ICAII with or without a PI3K/AKT inhibitor was administered at the beginning of reperfusion. Morphological and histological analyses were detected using hematoxylin and eosin staining; the infarct size was measured using Evans blue and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining; and plasma levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) were analyzed using commercialized assay kits. In addition, the cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography and the levels of cardiomyocyte apoptosis were determined using a TUNEL staining. The protein expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, PI3K, phosphorylated (p)-PI3K, AKT and p-AKT were analyzed using western blotting analysis. ICAII significantly reduced the infarct size, decreased the release of LDH and CK-MB and improved the cardiac function induced by IR injury. Moreover, ICAII pretreatment significantly inhibited myocardial apoptosis and the inflammatory response. ICAII also upregulated the expression levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT. However, the protective effects of ICAII were abolished by an inhibitor (LY294002) of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that ICAII may mitigate MIRI by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Feng Guan
- Department of Cardiothoracic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Dai
- Department of Cardiothoracic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Bin Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Long Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, P.R. China
| | - Fen Ai
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
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83
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Cicalese S, Okuno K, Elliott KJ, Kawai T, Scalia R, Rizzo V, Eguchi S. 78 kDa Glucose-Regulated Protein Attenuates Protein Aggregation and Monocyte Adhesion Induced by Angiotensin II in Vascular Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144980. [PMID: 32679678 PMCID: PMC7403992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic modulation due to angiotensin II (AngII) stimulation are important for understanding molecular mechanisms contributing to hypertension and associated vascular pathology. AngII induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in VSMCs, which has been implicated in hypertensive vascular remodeling. Under ER stress, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) acts as an endogenous chaperone, as well as a master controller of unfolded protein response (UPR) to maintain protein quality control. However, the potential downstream consequences of ER stress induced by AngII on protein quality control and pro-inflammatory phenotype in VSMCs remain elusive. This study aims to identify protein aggregation as evidence of the disruption of protein quality control in VSMCs, and to test the hypothesis that preservation of proteostasis by overexpression of GRP78 can attenuate the AngII-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in VSMCs. Increases in protein aggregation and enhanced UPR were observed in VSMCs exposed to AngII, which were mitigated by overexpression of GRP78. Moreover, GRP78 overexpression attenuated enhanced monocyte adhesion to VSMCs induced by AngII. Our results thus indicate that the prevention of protein aggregation can potentially mitigate an inflammatory phenotype in VSMCs, which may suggest an alternative therapy for the treatment of AngII-associated vascular disorders.
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84
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Ji H, Xiao F, Li S, Wei R, Yu F, Xu J. GRP78 effectively protect hypoxia/reperfusion-induced myocardial apoptosis via promotion of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1228-1236. [PMID: 32657424 PMCID: PMC7754434 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a major cause of death worldwide. Despite our understanding of the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction and the therapeutic options for treatment have improved substantially, acute myocardial infarction remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Recent findings revealed that GRP78 could protect myocardial cells against ischemia reperfusion injury‐induced apoptosis, but the exact function and molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of GRP78 on hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R)‐induced cardiomyocyte injury. Intriguingly, we first observed that GRP78 overexpression significantly protected myocytes from H/R‐induced apoptosis. On mechanism, our work revealed that GRP78 protected myocardial cells from hypoxia/reperfusion‐induced apoptosis via the activation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway. We observed the enhanced expression of Nrf2/HO‐1 in GRP78 overexpressed H9c2 cell, while GRP78 deficiency dramatically antagonized the expression of Nrf2/HO‐1. Furthermore, we found that blocked the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling by the HO‐1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (Znpp) significantly retrieved H9c2 cells apoptosis that inhibited by GRP78 overexpression. Taken together, our findings revealed a new mechanism by which GRP78 alleviated H/R‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in H9c2 cells via the promotion of the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyu Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Suobei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Ruan Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical UniversityBinzhouShandongChina
| | - Junmei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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85
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Levosimendan Protects against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Regulating the PTEN/Akt Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8593617. [PMID: 32596387 PMCID: PMC7298255 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8593617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Myocyte apoptosis plays a critical role in the development of doxorubicin- (DOX-) induced cardiotoxicity. In addition to its cardiotonic effect, laboratory evidence indicates that levosimendan can inhibit apoptosis, but its role in DOX-induced cardiac injury remains unclear. Therefore, the present study is aimed at exploring whether levosimendan could attenuate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS Levosimendan (1 mg/kg) was administered to mice through oral gavage once daily for 4 weeks, and the mice were also subjected to an intraperitoneal injection of DOX (5 mg/kg) or saline, once a week for 4 weeks, to create a chronic model of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. A morphological examination and biochemical analysis were used to evaluate the effects of levosimendan. H9C2 cells were used to verify the protective role of levosimendan in vitro. And an Akt inhibitor was utilized to verify the cardioprotection of levosimendan. RESULTS Levosimendan reduced the cardiac dysfunction and attenuated the myocardial apoptosis induced by DOX in vivo and in vitro. Levosimendan also inhibited the activation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and upregulated P-Akt expression both in vivo and in vitro. And inhibition of Akt abolished the cardioprotection of levosimendan in vitro. CONCLUSION Levosimendan may protect against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity via modulation of the PTEN/Akt signaling pathway.
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86
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Membrane-Associated Heat Shock Proteins in Oncology: From Basic Research to New Theranostic Targets. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051263. [PMID: 32443761 PMCID: PMC7290778 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) constitute a large family of conserved proteins acting as molecular chaperones that play a key role in intracellular protein homeostasis, regulation of apoptosis, and protection from various stress factors (including hypoxia, thermal stress, oxidative stress). Apart from their intracellular localization, members of different HSP families such as small HSPs, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 have been found to be localized on the plasma membrane of malignantly transformed cells. In the current article, the role of membrane-associated molecular chaperones in normal and tumor cells is comprehensively reviewed with implications of these proteins as plausible targets for cancer therapy and diagnostics.
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87
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Blackwood EA, Thuerauf DJ, Stastna M, Stephens H, Sand Z, Pentoney A, Azizi K, Jakobi T, Van Eyk JE, Katus HA, Glembotski CC, Doroudgar S. Proteomic analysis of the cardiac myocyte secretome reveals extracellular protective functions for the ER stress response. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 143:132-144. [PMID: 32339566 PMCID: PMC8597053 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of ER stress on protein secretion by cardiac myocytes are not well understood. In this study, the ER stressor thapsigargin (TG), which depletes ER calcium, induced death of cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) in high media volume but fostered protection in low media volume. In contrast, another ER stressor, tunicamycin (TM), a protein glycosylation inhibitor, induced NRVM death in all media volumes, suggesting that protective proteins were secreted in response to TG but not TM. Proteomic analyses of TG- and TM-conditioned media showed that the secretion of most proteins was inhibited by TG and TM; however, secretion of several ER-resident proteins, including GRP78 was increased by TG but not TM. Simulated ischemia, which decreases ER/SR calcium also increased secretion of these proteins. Mechanistically, secreted GRP78 was shown to enhance survival of NRVMs by collaborating with a cell-surface protein, CRIPTO, to activate protective AKT signaling and to inhibit death-promoting SMAD2 signaling. Thus, proteins secreted during ER stress mediated by ER calcium depletion can enhance cardiac myocyte viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Blackwood
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Donna J Thuerauf
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Miroslava Stastna
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Haley Stephens
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zoe Sand
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Amber Pentoney
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Khalid Azizi
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tobias Jakobi
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany; Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christopher C Glembotski
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shirin Doroudgar
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.
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88
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Arrieta A, Blackwood EA, Stauffer WT, Santo Domingo M, Bilal AS, Thuerauf DJ, Pentoney AN, Aivati C, Sarakki AV, Doroudgar S, Glembotski CC. Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor is an ER-resident chaperone that protects against reductive stress in the heart. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7566-7583. [PMID: 32327487 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) impairs endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-based protein folding in the heart and thereby activates an unfolded protein response sensor and effector, activated transcription factor 6α (ATF6). ATF6 then induces mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), an ER-resident protein with no known structural homologs and unclear ER function. To determine MANF's function in the heart in vivo, here we developed a cardiomyocyte-specific MANF-knockdown mouse model. MANF knockdown increased cardiac damage after I/R, which was reversed by AAV9-mediated ectopic MANF expression. Mechanistically, MANF knockdown in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) impaired protein folding in the ER and cardiomyocyte viability during simulated I/R. However, this was not due to MANF-mediated protection from reactive oxygen species generated during reperfusion. Because I/R impairs oxygen-dependent ER protein disulfide formation and such impairment can be caused by reductive stress in the ER, we examined the effects of the reductive ER stressor DTT. MANF knockdown in NRVMs increased cell death from DTT-mediated reductive ER stress, but not from nonreductive ER stresses caused by thapsigargin-mediated ER Ca2+ depletion or tunicamycin-mediated inhibition of ER protein glycosylation. In vitro, recombinant MANF exhibited chaperone activity that depended on its conserved cysteine residues. Moreover, in cells, MANF bound to a model ER protein exhibiting improper disulfide bond formation during reductive ER stress but did not bind to this protein during nonreductive ER stress. We conclude that MANF is an ER chaperone that enhances protein folding and myocyte viability during reductive ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Arrieta
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Erik A Blackwood
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Winston T Stauffer
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michelle Santo Domingo
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Alina S Bilal
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Donna J Thuerauf
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Amber N Pentoney
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Cathrine Aivati
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Anup V Sarakki
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shirin Doroudgar
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Innere Medizin III, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher C Glembotski
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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89
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Chronic activation of hexosamine biosynthesis in the heart triggers pathological cardiac remodeling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1771. [PMID: 32286306 PMCID: PMC7156663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) plays critical roles in nutrient sensing, stress response, and cell growth. However, its contribution to cardiac hypertrophic growth and heart failure remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that the HBP is induced in cardiomyocytes during hypertrophic growth. Overexpression of Gfat1 (glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1), the rate-limiting enzyme of HBP, promotes cardiomyocyte growth. On the other hand, Gfat1 inhibition significantly blunts phenylephrine-induced hypertrophic growth in cultured cardiomyocytes. Moreover, cardiac-specific overexpression of Gfat1 exacerbates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction. Conversely, deletion of Gfat1 in cardiomyocytes attenuates pathological cardiac remodeling in response to pressure overload. Mechanistically, persistent upregulation of the HBP triggers decompensated hypertrophy through activation of mTOR while Gfat1 deficiency shows cardioprotection and a concomitant decrease in mTOR activity. Taken together, our results reveal that chronic upregulation of the HBP under hemodynamic stress induces pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure through persistent activation of mTOR. Metabolic remodeling plays an important role in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Here, the authors show that hexosamine biosynthetic pathway is elevated in the heart by pressure overload, which contributes to heart failure by persistent activation of mTOR.
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90
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The Long Noncoding RNA Hotair Regulates Oxidative Stress and Cardiac Myocyte Apoptosis during Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1645249. [PMID: 32256945 PMCID: PMC7091551 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1645249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and subsequent cardiac myocyte apoptosis play central roles in the initiation and progression of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Homeobox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (Hotair) was previously implicated in various heart diseases, yet its role in myocardial I/R injury has not been clearly demonstrated. Mice with cardiac-restricted knockdown or overexpression of Hotair were exposed to I/R surgery. H9c2 cells were cultured and subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) stimulation to further verify the role and underlying mechanisms of Hotair in vitro. Histological examination, molecular detection, and functional parameters were determined in vivo and in vitro. In response to I/R or H/R treatment, Hotair expression was increased in a bromodomain-containing protein 4-dependent manner. Cardiac-restricted knockdown of Hotair exacerbated, whereas Hotair overexpression prevented I/R-induced oxidative stress, cardiac myocyte apoptosis, and cardiac dysfunction. Mechanistically, we observed that Hotair exerted its beneficial effects via activating AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα). Further detection revealed that Hotair activated AMPKα through regulating the enhancer of zeste homolog 2/microRNA-451/calcium-binding protein 39 (EZH2/miR-451/Cab39) axis. We provide the evidence that endogenous lncRNA Hotair is an essential negative regulator for oxidative stress and cardiac myocyte apoptosis in myocardial I/R injury, which is dependent on AMPKα activation via the EZH2/miR-451/Cab39 axis.
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91
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Designing Novel Therapies to Mend Broken Hearts: ATF6 and Cardiac Proteostasis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030602. [PMID: 32138230 PMCID: PMC7140506 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart exhibits incredible plasticity in response to both environmental and genetic alterations that affect workload. Over the course of development, or in response to physiological or pathological stimuli, the heart responds to fluctuations in workload by hypertrophic growth primarily by individual cardiac myocytes growing in size. Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with an increase in protein synthesis, which must coordinate with protein folding and degradation to allow for homeostatic growth without affecting the functional integrity of cardiac myocytes (i.e., proteostasis). This increase in the protein folding demand in the growing cardiac myocyte activates the transcription factor, ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6α, an inducer of genes that restore proteostasis. Previously, ATF6 has been shown to induce ER-targeted proteins functioning primarily to enhance ER protein folding and degradation. More recent studies, however, have illuminated adaptive roles for ATF6 functioning outside of the ER by inducing non-canonical targets in a stimulus-specific manner. This unique ability of ATF6 to act as an initial adaptive responder has bolstered an enthusiasm for identifying small molecule activators of ATF6 and similar proteostasis-based therapeutics.
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92
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Hu W, Wang H, Shu Q, Chen M, Xie L. Green Tea Polyphenols Modulated Cerebral SOD Expression and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cardiac Arrest/Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5080832. [PMID: 32185207 PMCID: PMC7060848 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5080832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is crucial for improving survival and neurologic outcomes after cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR). The purpose of this study is to investigate the neuroprotective effects of green tea polyphenols (GTPs) concern with the modulation of endogenous antioxidation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. METHODS After subjecting to CA/CPR, rats were randomized into the saline group (NS, n = 40) and the GTPs group (GTPs, n = 40) and the GTPs group (GTPs, n = 40) and the GTPs group (GTPs. RESULTS Comparing with that in NS group, GTPs increased the expression of SOD1 and SOD2 at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and the expression of GRP78 at 24 h and 48 h (p < 0.05) butdecreased caspase-12, CHOP, caspase-3 level, and apoptotic number of neurons (p < 0.05) butdecreased caspase-12, CHOP, caspase-3 level, and apoptotic number of neurons (. CONCLUSION GTPs exert neuroprotective effects via mechanisms that may be related to the enhancement of endogenous antioxidant capacity and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress in CA/CPR rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxiang Hu
- Department of Physiology, School of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Qilu Medical University, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Quan Shu
- Department of Physiology, School of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Menghua Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Department of Physiology, School of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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93
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Li X, Wang X, Liu YS, Wang XD, Zhou J, Zhou H. Downregulation of miR-3568 Protects Against Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats and Apoptosis in H9C2 Cardiomyocytes Through Targeting TRIM62. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:17. [PMID: 32116696 PMCID: PMC7031202 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNA-3568 (miR-3568) has been reported to be associated with atherosclerosis. Only few data describe the expression and underlying mechanism of miR-3568 in regulating cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury such as apoptosis. In this study, we therefore sought to investigate the potential function of miR-3568 in simulated I/R-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cardiomyocytes and related signaling pathways involved. Flow cytometry was performed to examine the cell apoptosis. The expression of miR-3568, Survivin, Bcl-2, ERK, JNK, p38, AKT, and STAT3 was measured by western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. The correlation between TRIM62 and p-STAT3 was measured by co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination. We found that miR-3568 expression in simulated I/R-induced H9C2 cardiomyocytes was increased in a time-dependent manner. miR-3568 mimic transfection in H9C2 cardiomyocytes significantly enhanced cell apoptosis, decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and Survivin, and activated STAT3 signaling, which were reversed by miR-3568 inhibitor. The direct interaction between miR-3568 and the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of TRIM62 mRNA was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. TRIM62 overexpression or AG490, a selective inhibitor of JAK2/STAT3 significantly, significantly inhibited I/R and miR-3568 mimic induced cell apoptosis and STAT3 activation. TRIM62 was found to interact with and induce ubiquitination of p-STAT3. The facilitating role of miR-3568 in I/R injury was also observed in our in vivo rat models. In conclusion, our study suggests that miR-3568 promotes simulated I/R-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cardiomyocytes through targeting TRIM62.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Sheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ji'AN Hospital, Shanghai East Hospital, Ji'ani, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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94
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Yang Y, Zhou Q, Gao A, Chen L, Li L. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and focused drug discovery in cardiovascular disease. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 504:125-137. [PMID: 32017925 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intracellular membranous organelle involved in the synthesis, folding, maturation and post-translation modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins. Therefore, ER is closely related to the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis and the good balance between health and diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) occurs when unfolded/misfolded proteins accumulate after disturbance of ER environment. In response to ERS, cells trigger an adaptive response called the Unfolded protein response (UPR), which helps cells cope with the stress. In recent years, a large number of studies show that ERS can aggravate cardiovascular diseases. ERS-related proteins expression in cardiovascular diseases is on the rise. Therefore, down-regulation of ERS is critical for alleviating symptoms of cardiovascular diseases, which may be used in the near future to treat cardiovascular diseases. This article reviews the relationship between ERS and cardiovascular diseases and drugs that inhibit ERS. Furthermore, we detail the role of ERS inhibitors in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Drugs that inhibit ERS are considered as promising strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Qionglin Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Anbo Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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95
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Yang M, Mao G, Ouyang L, Shi C, Hu P, Huang S. Crocetin alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating inflammation and the unfolded protein response. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:641-648. [PMID: 31974615 PMCID: PMC6947891 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocetin, a natural compound, has been demonstrated to exhibit beneficial effects in cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies demonstrated that crocetin reduced ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by attenuating cytotoxicity and cellular apoptosis. However, the previous mechanistic studies did not fully elucidate its pharmacological effects on cardiac damage, especially I/R injury. The present study verified its cardioprotective effects in a Langendorff perfusion system, an ex vivo model of I/R. It was demonstrated that crocetin significantly attenuated the activities of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 signaling. The present study provided novel insight that crocetin regulated the unfolded protein response (UPR) and decreased associated protein levels to protect the heart. Furthermore, it was identified that Nrf2 played a key role in the cardioprotective effect of crocetin by attenuating inflammation and the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Lili Ouyang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Chenhui Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Shuwei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
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96
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LncRNA MALAT1 Promotes Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reoxygenation Induced Cardiomyocytes Injury Through Sponging miR-20b to Enhance beclin1-Mediated Autophagy. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2019; 33:675-686. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-019-06902-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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97
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Mullick M, Nayak S. Comprehending the Unfolded Protein Response as a Conduit for Improved Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapeutics. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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98
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Chen Y, Chen J, Zhang C, Yang S, Zhang X, Liu Y, Su Z. Deficiency in the short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase protects mice against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. FASEB J 2019; 33:13722-13733. [PMID: 31585505 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901474rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinglu Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiguang Su
- Molecular Medicine Research Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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99
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Zhang G, Wang X, Bi X, Li C, Deng Y, Al-Hashimi AA, Luo X, Gillette TG, Austin RC, Wang Y, Wang ZV. GRP78 (Glucose-Regulated Protein of 78 kDa) Promotes Cardiomyocyte Growth Through Activation of GATA4 (GATA-Binding Protein 4). Hypertension 2019; 73:390-398. [PMID: 30580686 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The heart manifests hypertrophic growth in response to elevation of afterload pressure. Cardiac myocyte growth involves new protein synthesis and membrane expansion, of which a number of cellular quality control machineries are stimulated to maintain function and homeostasis. The unfolded protein response is potently induced during cardiac hypertrophy to enhance protein-folding capacity and eliminate terminally misfolded proteins. However, whether the unfolded protein response directly regulates cardiac myocyte growth remains to be fully determined. Here, we show that GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein of 78 kDa)-an endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone and a critical unfolded protein response regulator-is induced by cardiac hypertrophy. Importantly, overexpression of GRP78 in cardiomyocytes is sufficient to potentiate hypertrophic stimulus-triggered growth. At the in vivo level, TG (transgenic) hearts overexpressing GRP78 mount elevated hypertrophic growth in response to pressure overload. We went further to show that GRP78 increases GATA4 (GATA-binding protein 4) level, which may stimulate Anf (atrial natriuretic factor) expression and promote cardiac hypertrophic growth. Silencing of GATA4 in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes significantly diminishes GRP78-mediated growth response. Our results, therefore, reveal that protein-folding chaperone GRP78 may directly enhance cardiomyocyte growth by stimulating cardiac-specific transcriptional factor GATA4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China (G.Z., Y.W.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (G.Z., X.W., X.B., C.L., X.L., T.G.G., Z.V.W.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Xiaoding Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (G.Z., X.W., X.B., C.L., X.L., T.G.G., Z.V.W.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Xukun Bi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (G.Z., X.W., X.B., C.L., X.L., T.G.G., Z.V.W.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (X.B.)
| | - Chao Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (G.Z., X.W., X.B., C.L., X.L., T.G.G., Z.V.W.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Yingfeng Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touchstone Diabetes Center (Y.D.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Ali A Al-Hashimi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton and Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, ON, Canada (A.A.A.-H., R.C.A.)
| | - Xiang Luo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (G.Z., X.W., X.B., C.L., X.L., T.G.G., Z.V.W.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Thomas G Gillette
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (G.Z., X.W., X.B., C.L., X.L., T.G.G., Z.V.W.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Richard C Austin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton and Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, ON, Canada (A.A.A.-H., R.C.A.)
| | - Yanggan Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China (G.Z., Y.W.).,Medical Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Hubei, China (Y.W.)
| | - Zhao V Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (G.Z., X.W., X.B., C.L., X.L., T.G.G., Z.V.W.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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100
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Yan B, Wang H, Tan Y, Fu W. microRNAs in Cardiovascular Disease: Small Molecules but Big Roles. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1918-1947. [PMID: 31393249 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190808160241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are an evolutionarily conserved class of small single-stranded noncoding RNAs. The aberrant expression of specific miRNAs has been implicated in the development and progression of diverse cardiovascular diseases. For many decades, miRNA therapeutics has flourished, taking advantage of the fact that miRNAs can modulate gene expression and control cellular phenotypes at the posttranscriptional level. Genetic replacement or knockdown of target miRNAs by chemical molecules, referred to as miRNA mimics or inhibitors, has been used to reverse their abnormal expression as well as their adverse biological effects in vitro and in vivo in an effort to fully implement the therapeutic potential of miRNA-targeting treatment. However, the limitations of the chemical structure and delivery systems are hindering progress towards clinical translation. Here, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic trials of several representative miRNAs in the context of specific cardiovascular diseases; from this basic perspective, we evaluate chemical modifications and delivery vectors of miRNA-based chemical molecules and consider the underlying challenges of miRNA therapeutics as well as the clinical perspectives on their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Yan
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Huijing Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
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