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Ambrosino P, Bachetti T, D’Anna SE, Galloway B, Bianco A, D’Agnano V, Papa A, Motta A, Perrotta F, Maniscalco M. Mechanisms and Clinical Implications of Endothelial Dysfunction in Arterial Hypertension. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9050136. [PMID: 35621847 PMCID: PMC9146906 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9050136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium is composed of a monolayer of endothelial cells, lining the interior surface of blood and lymphatic vessels. Endothelial cells display important homeostatic functions, since they are able to respond to humoral and hemodynamic stimuli. Thus, endothelial dysfunction has been proposed as a key and early pathogenic mechanism in many clinical conditions. Given the relevant repercussions on cardiovascular risk, the complex interplay between endothelial dysfunction and systemic arterial hypertension has been a matter of study in recent years. Numerous articles have been published on this issue, all of which contribute to providing an interesting insight into the molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction in arterial hypertension and its role as a biomarker of inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular disease. The prognostic and therapeutic implications of endothelial dysfunction have also been analyzed in this clinical setting, with interesting new findings and potential applications in clinical practice and future research. The aim of this review is to summarize the pathophysiology of the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and systemic arterial hypertension, with a focus on the personalized pharmacological and rehabilitation strategies targeting endothelial dysfunction while treating hypertension and cardiovascular comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Ambrosino
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy;
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Tiziana Bachetti
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Scientific Direction, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Silvestro Ennio D’Anna
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy;
| | - Brurya Galloway
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.G.); (A.B.); (V.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Andrea Bianco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.G.); (A.B.); (V.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Vito D’Agnano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.G.); (A.B.); (V.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Antimo Papa
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy;
| | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Fabio Perrotta
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.G.); (A.B.); (V.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (M.M.)
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Emamat H, Mousavi SH, Kargar Shouraki J, Hazrati E, Mirghazanfari SM, Samizadeh E, Hosseini M, Hadi V, Hadi S. The effect of Nigella sativa oil on vascular dysfunction assessed by flow-mediated dilation and vascular-related biomarkers in subject with cardiovascular disease risk factors: A randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2236-2245. [PMID: 35412685 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a marker of vascular function. Beneficial cardiometabolic effects of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) have been observed. We evaluated the effect of N. sativa oil on FMD, plasma nitrite, and nitrate (NOx) as nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, and inflammatory markers in subjects with CVD risk factors. Fifty participants were randomly assigned to either the N. sativa (two capsules of 500 mg N. sativa oil) or the placebo group (two capsules of 500 mg mineral oil), for 2 months. The brachial FMD, plasma NOx, vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were measured. FMD and plasma NOx levels was significantly increased in the N. sativa group compared to the placebo group (changes: 2.97 ± 2.11% vs. 0.71 ± 3.19%, p < 0.001 for FMD and 4.73 ± 7.25 μmol/L vs. 0.99 ± 5.37 μmol/L, p = 0.036 for plasma NOx). However, there was no significant difference in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels between groups. Therefore, N. sativa oil improves vascular NO and FMD in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. However, more studies are warranted to confirm the beneficial impacts of the N. sativa oil on vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Emamat
- Department of Health, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Kargar Shouraki
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Hazrati
- Trauma Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayid Mahdi Mirghazanfari
- Department of Physiology and Iranian Medicine, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences
| | - Esmaeil Samizadeh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hosseini
- Nutritionist, Emam Reza Hospital, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Hadi
- Department of Health, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Hadi
- Department of Health, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zajda A, Sikora J, Huttunen KM, Markowicz-Piasecka M. Structural Comparison of Sulfonamide-Based Derivatives That Can Improve Anti-Coagulation Properties of Metformin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084132. [PMID: 35456961 PMCID: PMC9029893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its high efficiency, good safety profile, and potential cardio-protective properties, metformin, a dimethyl biguanide, is the first-line medication in antihyperglycemic treatment for type 2 diabetic patients. The aim of our present study was to assess the effects of eight new sulfonamide-based derivatives of metformin on selected plasma parameters and vascular hemostasis, as well as on endothelial and smooth muscle cell function. The compounds with an alkyl chain (1–3), trifluoromethyl substituent (4), or acetyl group (5) significantly elevated glucose utilization in human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs), similarly to metformin. Our novel findings showed that metformin analogues 1–3 presented the most beneficial properties because of their greatest safety profile in the WST-1 cell viability assay, which was also proved in the further HUVEC integrity studies using RTCA DP. Compounds 1–3 did not affect either HUVEC or aortal smooth muscle cell (AoSMC) viability up to 3.0 mM. Importantly, these compounds beneficially affected some of the coagulation parameters, including factor X and antithrombin III activity. In contrast to the above-mentioned metformin analogues, derivatives 4 and 5 exerted more profound anticoagulation effects; however, they were also more cytotoxic towards HUVECs, as IC50 values were 1.0–1.5 mM. In conclusion, the chemical modification of a metformin scaffold into sulfonamides possessing alkyl substituents results in the formation of novel derivatives with potential bi-directional activity including anti-hyperglycemic properties and highly desirable anti-coagulant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Zajda
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Kristiina M. Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-677-92-50
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Cabral B, Gonçalves TAF, Abreu LS, Andrade AWL, de Azevedo FDLAA, de Castro FD, Tavares JF, Guerra GCB, de Rezende AA, de Medeiros IA, Zucolotto SM. Cardiovascular Effects Induced by Fruit Peels from Passiflora edulis in Hypertensive Rats and Fingerprint Analysis by HPLC-ESI-MSn spectrometry. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:356-366. [PMID: 34344056 DOI: 10.1055/a-1385-8863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a chronic disease and a global health problem. Due to its high prevalence, it constitutes the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Fruit peels from Passiflora edulis fo. flavicarpa are rich in bioactive natural compounds that may have action in hypertension. This study aimed to perform a fingerprinting analysis of Passiflora edulis fruit peel extract and evaluate its actions on the cardiovascular system in an in vivo model. The extract was obtained from the dried and powdered fruit peels of Passiflora edulis. Glycoside flavonoids were identified in the extract by HPLC-ESI-MSn. The extract showed a significant hypotensive effect after 28 days of treatment and improved vascular function in the mesenteric artery. This effect was verified by decreased vascular hypercontractility and increased vasorelaxant in response to sodium nitroprusside and acetylcholine. There was also a decrease in endothelial dysfunction, which can be attributed to nitric oxide's increased bioavailability. Thus, we hypothesize that all these effects contributed to a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance, leading to a significant hypotensive effect. These results are novel for fruit peels from P. edulis. Also, there was a decrease in plasma and cardiac malondialdehyde levels and an increase in glutathione, suggesting a reduction in oxidative stress, as well as an increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 in the plasma. This study demonstrated that the extract can be a new source of raw material to be applied as food or medicine adjuvant for treating hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Cabral
- Research Group on Bioactive Natural Products (PNBio), Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Silva Abreu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Anderson Wilbur Lopes Andrade
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Francker Duarte de Castro
- Research Group on Bioactive Natural Products (PNBio), Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Center for Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Adriana Augusto de Rezende
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Silvana Maria Zucolotto
- Research Group on Bioactive Natural Products (PNBio), Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
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Yeh CF, Chin YC, Hung W, Huang PI, Lan MY. Vertebral artery stenosis predicts cerebrovascular diseases following radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:5821-5830. [PMID: 35357575 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) may induce cerebrovascular diseases including ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA), which can cause severe disability. However, information on the incidence and predictors of cerebrovascular diseases is scarce. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases following NPC, and attempts to ascertain the predictors of cerebrovascular diseases to facilitate early prevention. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study on 655 NPC patients who received radiotherapy between 2006 and 2018 in a medical center. This study analyzed the incidence, clinical and imaging presentation of patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify risk factors associated with cerebrovascular diseases following radiotherapy. RESULTS There were 14 patients who developed an ischemic stroke, and 3 patients developed a TIA after a mean follow-up of 5.8 years. Most ischemic events were from large-artery atherosclerosis (76.5%), and the most common symptom of ischemic stroke was unilateral limb weakness (57.1%). The cumulative incidence of ischemic stroke or TIA 15 years after radiotherapy was 9.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.7-17.2%). Multivariate Cox regression identified vertebral artery stenosis (HR: 18.341; 95% CI = 3.907-86.100; P < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (HR: 13.314; 95% CI = 1.306-135.764; P = 0.029), and hypertension (HR: 7.511; 95% CI = 1.472-38.320; P = 0.015) as independent predictors of ischemic stroke or TIA. CONCLUSION Our study found that NPC patients with vertebral artery stenosis, atrial fibrillation, or hypertension carry a higher risk for ischemic stroke or TIA. Regular assessment of vertebral artery after radiotherapy was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Fu Yeh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Chin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Wei Hung
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Pin-I Huang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ying Lan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
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56
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Balasubbramanian D, Mitchell BM. Lymphatics in Cardiovascular Physiology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2022; 12:cshperspect.a041173. [PMID: 35288403 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic vessels play an essential role in maintaining immune and fluid homeostasis and in the transport of dietary lipids. The discovery of lymphatic endothelial cell-specific markers facilitated the visualization and mechanistic analysis of lymphatic vessels over the past two decades. As a result, lymphatic vessels have emerged as a crucial player in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, as demonstrated by worsened disease progression caused by perturbations to lymphatic function. In this review, we discuss the major findings on the role of lymphatic vessels in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, obesity, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakshnapriya Balasubbramanian
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Brett M Mitchell
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas 77807, USA
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57
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Endothelial MicroRNA-483-3p Is Hypertension-Protective. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3698219. [PMID: 35222797 PMCID: PMC8872655 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3698219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a high-risk factor for developing coronary heart disease and stroke. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial remodeling can lead to increased vascular wall thickness and arterial stiffness. Previous studies showed that microRNA-483 (miR-483) enhances endothelial cell (EC) function. Here, we investigated the protective role of miR-483 in hypertension. Data collected from two patient cohorts showed that the serum miR-483-3p level was associated with the progression of hypertension and positively correlated with vascular function. In cultured ECs, miR-483 targets a number of endothelial dysfunction-related genes, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1), and endothelin-1 (ET-1). Overexpression of miR-483-3p in ECs inhibited Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction, revealed by the decreased expression of TGF-β, CTGF, ACE1, and ET-1. Furthermore, miR-483-3p secreted from ECs was taken up by smooth muscle cells (SMCs) via the exosome pathway, which also decreased these genes in SMCs. Additionally, telmisartan could increase the aortic and serum levels of miR-483-3p in hypertension patients and spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR). These findings suggest that miR-483-3p exerts a protective effect on EC function during the onset of hypertension and thus may be considered a potential therapeutic target for hypertension-related cardiovascular diseases.
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58
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Banks NF, Rogers EM, Church DD, Ferrando AA, Jenkins NDM. The contributory role of vascular health in age-related anabolic resistance. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:114-127. [PMID: 34951146 PMCID: PMC8818606 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, or the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is an increasingly prevalent condition that contributes to reduced quality of life, morbidity, and mortality in older adults. Older adults display blunted anabolic responses to otherwise anabolic stimuli-a phenomenon that has been termed anabolic resistance (AR)-which is likely a casual factor in sarcopenia development. AR is multifaceted, but historically much of the mechanistic focus has been on signalling impairments, and less focus has been placed on the role of the vasculature in postprandial protein kinetics. The vascular endothelium plays an indispensable role in regulating vascular tone and blood flow, and age-related impairments in vascular health may impede nutrient-stimulated vasodilation and subsequently the ability to deliver nutrients (e.g. amino acids) to skeletal muscle. Although the majority of data has been obtained studying younger adults, the relatively limited data on the effect of blood flow on protein kinetics in older adults suggest that vasodilatory function, especially of the microvasculature, strongly influences the muscle protein synthetic response to amino acid feedings. In this narrative review, we examine evidence of AR in older adults following amino acid and mixed meal consumption, examine the evidence linking vascular dysfunction and insulin resistance to age-related AR, review the influence of nitric oxide and endothelin-1 on age-related vascular dysfunction as it relates to AR, briefly review the potential causal role of arterial stiffness in promoting skeletal muscle microvascular dysfunction and AR, and provide a brief overview and future considerations for research examining age-related AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nile F Banks
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Emily M Rogers
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - David D Church
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Arny A Ferrando
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Nathaniel D M Jenkins
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Jezek F, Randall EB, Carlson BE, Beard DA. Systems analysis of the mechanisms governing the cardiovascular response to changes in posture and in peripheral demand during exercise. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 163:33-55. [PMID: 34626617 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Blood flows and pressures throughout the human cardiovascular system are regulated in response to various dynamic perturbations, such as changes to peripheral demands in exercise, rapid changes in posture, or loss of blood from hemorrhage, via the coordinated action of the heart, the vasculature, and autonomic reflexes. To assess how the systemic and pulmonary arterial and venous circulation, the heart, and the baroreflex work together to effect the whole-body responses to these perturbations, we integrated an anatomically-based large-vessel arterial tree model with the TriSeg heart model, models capturing nonlinear characteristics of the large and small veins, and baroreflex-mediated regulation of vascular tone and cardiac chronotropy and inotropy. The model was identified by matching data from the Valsalva maneuver (VM), exercise, and head-up tilt (HUT). Thirty-one parameters were optimized using a custom parameter-fitting tool chain, resulting in an unique, high-fidelity whole-body human cardiovascular systems model. Because the model captures the effects of exercise and posture changes, it can be used to simulate numerous clinical assessments, such as HUT, the VM, and cardiopulmonary exercise stress testing. The model can also be applied as a framework for representing and simulating individual patients and pathologies. Moreover, it can serve as a framework for integrating multi-scale organ-level models, such as for the heart or the kidneys, into a whole-body model. Here, the model is used to analyze the relative importance of chronotropic, inotropic, and peripheral vascular contributions to the whole-body cardiovascular response to exercise. It is predicted that in normal physiological conditions chronotropy and inotropy make roughly equal contributions to increasing cardiac output and cardiac power output during exercise. Under upright exercise conditions, the nonlinear pressure-volume relationship of the large veins and sympathetic-mediated venous vasoconstriction are both required to maintain preload to achieve physiological exercise levels. The developed modeling framework is built using the open Modelica modeling language and is freely distributed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Jezek
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Institute of Pathophysiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - E Benjamin Randall
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Brian E Carlson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Daniel A Beard
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Shu H, Peng Y, Hang W, Li N, Zhou N, Wang DW. Emerging Roles of Ceramide in Cardiovascular Diseases. Aging Dis 2022; 13:232-245. [PMID: 35111371 PMCID: PMC8782558 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is a core molecule of sphingolipid metabolism that causes selective insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Research on its involvement in cardiovascular diseases has grown rapidly. In resting cells, ceramide levels are extremely low, while they rapidly accumulate upon encountering external stimuli. Recently, the regulation of ceramide levels under pathological conditions, including myocardial infarction, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, has drawn great attention. Increased ceramide levels are strongly associated with adverse cardiovascular risks and events while inhibiting the synthesis of ceramide or accelerating its degradation improves a variety of cardiovascular diseases. In this article, we summarize the role of ceramide in cardiovascular disease, investigate the possible application of ceramide as a new diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for cardiovascular disorders, and highlight the remaining problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyang Shu
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,2Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Yizhong Peng
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Weijian Hang
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,2Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Na Li
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,2Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,2Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.,2Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
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Bae J, Kim SH, Won YJ, Kim YM. Age- and Sex-Specific Differences in Distribution of Cardiometabolic Diseases and Associations of Hand-Grip Strength Indices with Type 2 Diabetes in Korean Adults. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2022; 20:199-209. [PMID: 35020479 DOI: 10.1089/met.2021.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To evaluate age- and sex-specific differences in the distribution of cardiometabolic diseases and associations of hand-grip strength (HGS) indices with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: This cross-sectional observational study enrolled participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 16,126, age ≥19 years). Information on cardiometabolic diseases was obtained through surveys or proper criteria applied for undiagnosed participants. Absolute and body size-adjusted HGS indices were evaluated. Clinical manifestations were compared, and associations of HGS indices with T2D were estimated by using odd ratio (OR). Results: Prevalence of T2D in all, younger, and older groups were 13.1%, 4.2%, and 21.4%, respectively. Proportions of cardiometabolic diseases were all higher in those with than without T2D in sex-stratified age groups, whereas obesity (OB) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were higher in younger T2D, and hypertension (HTN) was higher in older T2D in both sexes. Adjusted HGS significantly correlated with cardiometabolic parameters, and thus, high ORs for T2D in low tertiles of adjusted HGS were shown in all groups, whereas high ORs for T2D in low tertiles of absolute HGS were observed only in older men. Conclusions: Among highly prevalent cardiometabolic diseases associated with T2D, OB and NAFLD were more prevalent in younger T2D, but HTN was more prevalent in older T2D in both sexes. Low adjusted HGS was associated with higher T2D risk in all groups, whereas low absolute HGS was associated with higher T2D risk in older men. Thus, adjusted HGS might be useful in screening especially younger or obese T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Bae
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Se Hwa Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young Jun Won
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yoo Mee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
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Brown PA. Differential and targeted vesiculation: pathologic cellular responses to elevated arterial pressure. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1023-1040. [PMID: 34989921 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are small membrane-enclosed particles released during cell activation or injury. They have been investigated for several decades and found to be secreted in various diseases. Their pathogenic role is further supported by the presence of several important molecules among their cargo, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Many studies have reported enhanced and targeted extracellular vesicle biogenesis in diseases that involve chronic or transient elevation of arterial pressure resulting in endothelial dysfunction, within either the general circulatory system or specific local vascular beds. In addition, several associated pathologic processes have been studied and reported. However, the role of elevated pressure as a common pathogenic trigger across vascular domains and disease chronicity has not been previously described. This review will therefore summarize our current knowledge of the differential and targeted biogenesis of extracellular vesicles in major diseases that are characterized by elevated arterial pressure leading to endothelial dysfunction and propose a unified theory of pressure-induced extracellular vesicle-mediated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Brown
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences Teaching and Research Complex, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
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Ostchega Y, Hughes JP, Zhang G, Nwankwo T, Graber J, Nguyen DT. Differences in Hypertension Prevalence and Hypertension Control by Urbanization Among Adults in the United States, 2013-2018. Am J Hypertens 2022; 35:31-41. [PMID: 33909014 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the associations between urbanization and hypertension, stage II hypertension, and hypertension control. METHODS Data on 16,360 US adults aged 18 years or older from the 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to estimate the prevalence of hypertension (blood pressure (BP) ≥130/80 mm Hg or use of medication for hypertension), stage II hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mm Hg), and hypertension control (BP <130/80 mm Hg among hypertensives) by urbanization, classified by levels of metropolitan statistical areas as large MSAs (population ≥1,000,000), medium to small MSAs (population 50,000-999,999), and non-MSAs (population <50,000). RESULTS All prevalence ratios (PRs) were compared with large MSAs and adjusted for demographics and risk factors. The PRs of hypertension were 1.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.99-1.14) for adults residing in medium to small MSAs and 1.06 (95% CI = 0.99-1.13) for adults residing in non-MSAs. For stage II hypertension, the PRs were higher for adults residing in medium to small MSAs 1.21 (95% CI = 1.06-1.36) but not for adults residing in non-MSAs 1.06 (95% CI = 0.88-1.29). For hypertension control, the PRs were 0.96 (95% CI = 0.91-1.01) for adults residing in medium to small MSAs and 1.00 (95% CI = 0.93-1.06) for adults residing in non-MSAs. CONCLUSIONS Among US adults, urbanization was associated with stage II hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechiam Ostchega
- Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffery P Hughes
- Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Tatiana Nwankwo
- Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Graber
- Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Duong T Nguyen
- Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
- United States Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Lack of Endothelial α1AMPK Reverses the Vascular Protective Effects of Exercise by Causing eNOS Uncoupling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121974. [PMID: 34943078 PMCID: PMC8750041 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Voluntary exercise training is an effective way to prevent cardiovascular disease, since it results in increased NO bioavailability and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), especially its α1AMPK subunit, modulates ROS-dependent vascular homeostasis. Since endothelial cells play an important role in exercise-induced changes of vascular signaling, we examined the consequences of endothelial-specific α1AMPK deletion during voluntary exercise training. We generated a mouse strain with specific deletion of α1AMPK in endothelial cells (α1AMPKflox/flox x TekCre+). While voluntary exercise training improved endothelial function in wild-type mice, it had deleterious effects in mice lacking endothelial α1AMPK indicated by elevated reactive oxygen species production (measured by dihydroethidum fluorescence and 3-nitrotyrosine staining), eNOS uncoupling and endothelial dysfunction. Importantly, the expression of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase isoform (NOX-2) was down-regulated by exercise in control mice, whereas it was up-regulated in exercising α1AMPKflox/flox x TekCre+ animals. In addition, nitric oxide bioavailability was decreased and the antioxidant/protective nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) response via heme oxygenase 1 and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) was impaired in exercising α1AMPKflox/flox x TekCre+ mice. Our results demonstrate that endothelial α1AMPK is a critical component of the signaling events that enable vascular protection in response to exercise. Moreover, they identify endothelial α1AMPK as a master switch that determines whether the effects of exercise on the vasculature are protective or detrimental.
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Waldeck-Weiermair M, Yadav S, Spyropoulos F, Krüger C, Pandey AK, Michel T. Dissecting in vivo and in vitro redox responses using chemogenetics. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:360-369. [PMID: 34752919 PMCID: PMC8639655 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is the most abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) within mammalian cells. At low concentrations, H2O2 serves as a versatile cell signaling molecule that mediates vital physiological functions. Yet at higher concentrations, H2O2 can be a toxic molecule by promoting pathological oxidative stress in cells and tissues. Within normal cells, H2O2 is differentially distributed in a variety of subcellular locales. Moreover, many redox-active enzymes and their substrates are themselves differentially distributed within cells. Numerous reports have described the biological and biochemical consequences of adding exogenous H2O2 to cultured cells and tissues, but many of these observations are difficult to interpret: the effects of exogenous H2O2 do not necessarily replicate the cellular responses to endogenous H2O2. In recent years, chemogenetic approaches have been developed to dynamically regulate the abundance of H2O2 in specific subcellular locales. Chemogenetic approaches have been applied in multiple experimental systems, ranging from in vitro studies on the intracellular transport and metabolism of H2O2, all the way to in vivo studies that generate oxidative stress in specific organs in living animals. These chemogenetic approaches have exploited a yeast-derived d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) that synthesizes H2O2 only in the presence of its d-amino acid substrate. DAAO can be targeted to various subcellular locales, and can be dynamically activated by the addition or withdrawal of its d-amino acid substrate. In addition, recent advances in the development of highly sensitive genetically encoded H2O2 biosensors are providing a better understanding of both physiological and pathological oxidative pathways. This review highlights several applications of DAAO as a chemogenetic tool across a wide range of biological systems, from analyses of subcellular H2O2 metabolism in cells to the development of new disease models caused by oxidative stress in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Waldeck-Weiermair
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Shambhu Yadav
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fotios Spyropoulos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina Krüger
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Arvind K Pandey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Michel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Xia N, Hasselwander S, Reifenberg G, Habermeier A, Closs EI, Mimmler M, Jung R, Karbach S, Lagrange J, Wenzel P, Daiber A, Münzel T, Hövelmeyer N, Waisman A, Li H. B Lymphocyte-Deficiency in Mice Causes Vascular Dysfunction by Inducing Neutrophilia. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111686. [PMID: 34829915 PMCID: PMC8615852 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance, atherosclerosis and certain types of hypertension. In contrast to these studies, which were performed under pathological conditions, the present study provides evidence for the protective effect of B lymphocytes in maintaining vascular homeostasis under physiological conditions. In young mice not exposed to any known risk factors, the lack of B cells led to massive endothelial dysfunction. The vascular dysfunction in B cell-deficient mice was associated with an increased number of neutrophils in the circulating blood. Neutrophil depletion in B cell-deficient mice resulted in the complete normalization of vascular function, indicating a causal role of neutrophilia. Moreover, vascular function in B cell-deficient mice could be restored by adoptive transfer of naive B-1 cells isolated from wild-type mice. Interestingly, B-1 cell transfer also reduced the number of neutrophils in the recipient mice, further supporting the involvement of neutrophils in the vascular pathology caused by B cell-deficiency. In conclusion, we report in the present study the hitherto undescribed role of B lymphocytes in regulating vascular function. B cell dysregulation may represent a crucial mechanism in vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.X.); (S.H.); (G.R.); (A.H.); (E.I.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Solveig Hasselwander
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.X.); (S.H.); (G.R.); (A.H.); (E.I.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Gisela Reifenberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.X.); (S.H.); (G.R.); (A.H.); (E.I.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Alice Habermeier
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.X.); (S.H.); (G.R.); (A.H.); (E.I.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Ellen I. Closs
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.X.); (S.H.); (G.R.); (A.H.); (E.I.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Maximilian Mimmler
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.X.); (S.H.); (G.R.); (A.H.); (E.I.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Rebecca Jung
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (R.J.); (N.H.); (A.W.)
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.K.); (J.L.); (P.W.)
| | - Susanne Karbach
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.K.); (J.L.); (P.W.)
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.M.)
| | - Jérémy Lagrange
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.K.); (J.L.); (P.W.)
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.M.)
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.K.); (J.L.); (P.W.)
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Hövelmeyer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (R.J.); (N.H.); (A.W.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (R.J.); (N.H.); (A.W.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.X.); (S.H.); (G.R.); (A.H.); (E.I.C.); (M.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(6131)-17-9348; Fax: +49-(6131)-17-9329
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Liu X, Wang X, Pan Y, Zhao L, Sun S, Luo A, Bao C, Tang H, Han Y. Artemisinin Improves Acetylcholine-Induced Vasodilatation in Rats with Primary Hypertension. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:4489-4502. [PMID: 34764635 PMCID: PMC8576437 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s330721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Endothelial dysfunction and the subsequent decrease in endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation of small arteries are major features of hypertension. Artemisinin, a well-known antimalarial drug, has been shown to exert protecting roles against endothelial cell injury in cardiac and pulmonary vascular diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of artemisinin on endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation and arterial blood pressure, as well as the potential signalling pathways in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Methods In this study, acetylcholine (ACh)-induced dose-dependent relaxation assays were performed to evaluate vascular endothelial function after treatment with artemisinin. Artemisinin was administered to the rats by intravenous injection or to arteries by incubation for the acute exposure experiments, and it was administered to rats by intraperitoneal injection for 28 days for the chronic experiments. Results Both acute and chronic administration of artemisinin decreased the heart rate and improved ACh-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation but negligibly affected the arterial blood pressure in SHRs. Incubation with artemisinin decreased basal vascular tension, NAD(P)H oxidase activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, but it also increased endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) activity and NO levels in the mesenteric artery, coronary artery, and pulmonary artery of SHRs. Artemisinin chronic administration to SHRs increased the protein expression of eNOS and decreased the protein expression of the NAD(P)H oxidase subunits NOX-2 and NOX-4 in the mesenteric artery. Conclusion These results indicate that treatment with artemisinin has beneficial effects on reducing the heart rate and basal vascular tension and improving endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in hypertension, which might occur by increasing eNOS activation and NO release and inhibiting NAD(P)H oxidase derived ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention for Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physiology and Pathologic Physiology, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention for Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention for Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention for Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlei Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention for Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Asem N, Hassany M, Taema K, Masoud H, Elassal G, Kamal E, Amin WAM, AbdelBary A, Abdel-Baki AM, Zaky S, Abdalmohsen AS, Ibrahim HM, Elnady MAH, Mohamed AS, Attia E, Zaid H. Demographic and Clinical Features Associated with in-Hospital Mortality in Egyptian COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim:
We evaluated in this study the demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 disease in Egyptian population with special consideration for its mortality predictors.
Methods:
8162 participants (mean age 48.7±17.3 years,54.5% males) with RT-PCR positive COVID-19 were included. The electronic medical records were reviewed for demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiologic features. The primary outcome was the in-hospital mortality rate.
Results:
The in-hospital mortality was 11.2%. There was a statistically significant strong association of in-hospital mortality with age >60 years old (OR:4.7; 95% CI 4.1-5.4;p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR:4.6; 95% CI 3.99-5.32;p<0.001), hypertension (OR:3.9; 95% CI 3.4-4.5;p<0.001), coronary artery disease (OR:2.7; 95% CI 2.2-3.2;p<0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR:2.1; 95% CI 1.7-2.5;p<0.001), chronic kidney disease (OR:4.8; 95% CI 3.9-5.9;p<0.001), malignancy (OR:3.7; 95% CI 2.3-5.75;p<0.001), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio >3.1 (OR:6.4; 95% CI 4.4-9.5;P< 0.001), and ground glass opacities (GGOs) in CT chest (OR:3.5; 95% CI 2.84-4.4;P<0.001), respectively. There was a statistically significant moderate association of in-hospital mortality with male gender (OR:1.6; 95% CI 1.38-1.83;p<0.001) and smoking (OR:1.6; 95% CI 1.3-1.9;p<0.001). GGOs was reported as the most common CT finding (occurred in 73.1% of the study participants).
Conclusion:
This multicenter, retrospective study ascertained the higher in-hospital mortality rate in Egyptian COVID-19 patients with different comorbidities.
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Ala M, Eftekhar SP. Target Sestrin2 to Rescue the Damaged Organ: Mechanistic Insight into Its Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8790369. [PMID: 34765085 PMCID: PMC8577929 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8790369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sestrin2 is a stress-inducible metabolic regulator and a conserved antioxidant protein which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Sestrin2 can protect against atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, spinal cord injury neurodegeneration, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver fibrosis, acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and pulmonary inflammation. Oxidative stress and cellular damage signals can alter the expression of Sestrin2 to compensate for organ damage. Different stress signals such as those mediated by P53, Nrf2/ARE, HIF-1α, NF-κB, JNK/c-Jun, and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways can induce Sestrin2 expression. Subsequently, Sestrin2 activates Nrf2 and AMPK. Furthermore, Sestrin2 is a major negative regulator of mTORC1. Sestrin2 indirectly regulates the expression of several genes and reprograms intracellular signaling pathways to attenuate oxidative stress and modulate a large number of cellular events such as protein synthesis, cell energy homeostasis, mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, fibrogenesis, and lipogenesis. Sestrin2 vigorously enhances M2 macrophage polarization, attenuates inflammation, and prevents cell death. These alterations in molecular and cellular levels improve the clinical presentation of several diseases. This review will shed light on the beneficial effects of Sestrin2 on several diseases with an emphasis on underlying pathophysiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Parsa Eftekhar
- Student Research Committee, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Substrate stiffness modulates endothelial cell function via the YAP-Dll4-Notch1 pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 408:112835. [PMID: 34543658 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells adapt their functions as a consequence of sensing extracellular substrate stiffness; these alterations allow them to maintain their vascular structure and function. Substrate stiffness-mediated yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) activation plays an important role in mechano-transduction and pro-angiogenic phenotype of endothelial cells, and Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4)-Notch1 signaling is closely related to angiogenesis; however, the impact of substrate stiffness-mediated interrelation of these pathways on endothelial cell functions remains elusive. We confirmed that endothelial cells on softer substrates not only elongate cellular aspects but also attenuate YAP activation compared to cells on stiffer substrates. Endothelial cells on softer substrates also upregulate the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) and VEGFR2 mRNA expression that is enhanced by VEGF stimulation. We determined that endothelial cells on softer substrates increased Dll4 expression, but not Notch1 expression, via YAP signaling. Moreover, endothelial cells on soft substrates induced not only VEGFRs upregulation but also suppression of pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mRNA expression and the facilitation of anti-coagulant thrombomodulin and pro-coagulant tissue factor mRNA expression. Our results suggest that endothelial cells activate the YAP-Dll4-Notch signaling pathway in response to substrate stiffness and dictate cellular function.
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Vasoprotective Endothelial Effects of Chronic Cannabidiol Treatment and Its Influence on the Endocannabinoid System in Rats with Primary and Secondary Hypertension. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111120. [PMID: 34832902 PMCID: PMC8624681 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to examine the endothelium (vascular)-protecting effects of chronic cannabidiol (CBD) administration (10 mg/kg once daily for 2 weeks) in aortas and small mesenteric (G3) arteries isolated from deoxycorticosterone-induced hypertensive (DOCA-salt) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). CBD reduced hypertrophy and improved the endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to acetylcholine in the aortas and G3 of DOCA-salt rats and SHR. The enhancement of vasorelaxation was prevented by the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) with L-NAME and/or the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) with indomethacin in the aortas and G3 of DOCA-salt and SHR, respectively. The mechanism of the CBD-mediated improvement of endothelial function in hypertensive vessels depends on the vessel diameter and may be associated with its NO-, the intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel- or NO-, COX-, the intermediate and the small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels-dependent effect in aortas and G3, respectively. CBD increased the vascular expression of the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors and aortic levels of endocannabinoids with vasorelaxant properties e.g., anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol and palmitoyl ethanolamide in aortas of DOCA-salt and/or SHR. In conclusion, CBD treatment has vasoprotective effects in hypertensive rats, in a vessel-size- and hypertension-model-independent manner, at least partly via inducing local vascular changes in the endocannabinoid system.
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Iglesias MJ, Kruse LD, Sanchez-Rivera L, Enge L, Dusart P, Hong MG, Uhlén M, Renné T, Schwenk JM, Bergstrom G, Odeberg J, Butler LM. Identification of Endothelial Proteins in Plasma Associated With Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2990-3004. [PMID: 34706560 PMCID: PMC8608011 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective: Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is a well-established response to cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as smoking and obesity. Risk factor exposure can modify EC signaling and behavior, leading to arterial and venous disease development. Here, we aimed to identify biomarker panels for the assessment of EC dysfunction, which could be useful for risk stratification or to monitor treatment response. Approach and Results: We used affinity proteomics to identify EC proteins circulating in plasma that were associated with cardiovascular disease risk factor exposure. Two hundred sixteen proteins, which we previously predicted to be EC-enriched across vascular beds, were measured in plasma samples (N=1005) from the population-based SCAPIS (Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study) pilot. Thirty-eight of these proteins were associated with body mass index, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, smoking, hypertension, or diabetes. Sex-specific analysis revealed that associations predominantly observed in female- or male-only samples were most frequently with the risk factors body mass index, or total cholesterol and smoking, respectively. We show a relationship between individual cardiovascular disease risk, calculated with the Framingham risk score, and the corresponding biomarker profiles. Conclusions: EC proteins in plasma could reflect vascular health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Iglesias
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (M.J.I., L.D.K., L.S.-R., L.E., P.D., M.G.H., M.U., J.M.S., J.O., L.M.B.).,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (M.J.I., J.O.)
| | - Larissa D Kruse
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (M.J.I., L.D.K., L.S.-R., L.E., P.D., M.G.H., M.U., J.M.S., J.O., L.M.B.)
| | - Laura Sanchez-Rivera
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (M.J.I., L.D.K., L.S.-R., L.E., P.D., M.G.H., M.U., J.M.S., J.O., L.M.B.)
| | - Linnea Enge
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (M.J.I., L.D.K., L.S.-R., L.E., P.D., M.G.H., M.U., J.M.S., J.O., L.M.B.)
| | - Philip Dusart
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (M.J.I., L.D.K., L.S.-R., L.E., P.D., M.G.H., M.U., J.M.S., J.O., L.M.B.)
| | - Mun-Gwan Hong
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (M.J.I., L.D.K., L.S.-R., L.E., P.D., M.G.H., M.U., J.M.S., J.O., L.M.B.)
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (M.J.I., L.D.K., L.S.-R., L.E., P.D., M.G.H., M.U., J.M.S., J.O., L.M.B.)
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.R.).,Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (T.R.).,Centre for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany (T.R.)
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (M.J.I., L.D.K., L.S.-R., L.E., P.D., M.G.H., M.U., J.M.S., J.O., L.M.B.)
| | - Göran Bergstrom
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (G.B.)
| | - Jacob Odeberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (M.J.I., L.D.K., L.S.-R., L.E., P.D., M.G.H., M.U., J.M.S., J.O., L.M.B.).,Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø (M.J.I., J.O.).,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (J.O., L.M.B.).,Coagulation Unit, Department of Hematology (J.O.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lynn M Butler
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (M.J.I., L.D.K., L.S.-R., L.E., P.D., M.G.H., M.U., J.M.S., J.O., L.M.B.).,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (J.O., L.M.B.).,Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Laboratory (L.M.B.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinical Chemistry and Blood Coagulation Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (L.M.B.)
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González-Amor M, García-Redondo AB, Jorge I, Zalba G, Becares M, Ruiz-Rodríguez MJ, Rodríguez C, Bermeo H, Rodrigues-Díez R, Rios FJ, Montezano AC, Martínez-González J, Vázquez J, Redondo JM, Touyz RM, Guerra S, Salaices M, Briones AM. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 pathway is a novel mediator of endothelial dysfunction and aneurysms development in angiotensin II infused mice through increased oxidative stress. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:3250-3268. [PMID: 34672341 PMCID: PMC9799052 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) encodes a ubiquitin-like protein that induces a reversible post-translational modification (ISGylation) and can also be secreted as a free form. ISG15 plays an essential role as host-defence response to microbial infection; however, its contribution to vascular damage associated with hypertension is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Bioinformatics identified ISG15 as a mediator of hypertension-associated vascular damage. ISG15 expression positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure and carotid intima-media thickness in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Consistently, Isg15 expression was enhanced in aorta from hypertension models and in angiotensin II (AngII)-treated vascular cells and macrophages. Proteomics revealed differential expression of proteins implicated in cardiovascular function, extracellular matrix and remodelling, and vascular redox state in aorta from AngII-infused ISG15-/- mice. Moreover, ISG15-/- mice were protected against AngII-induced hypertension, vascular stiffness, elastin remodelling, endothelial dysfunction, and expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Conversely, mice with excessive ISGylation (USP18C61A) show enhanced AngII-induced hypertension, vascular fibrosis, inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation along with elastin breaks, aortic dilation, and rupture. Accordingly, human and murine abdominal aortic aneurysms showed augmented ISG15 expression. Mechanistically, ISG15 induces vascular ROS production, while antioxidant treatment prevented ISG15-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodelling. CONCLUSION ISG15 is a novel mediator of vascular damage in hypertension through oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana B García-Redondo
- Present address. Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. This manuscript was handled by Deputy Editor Dr David G. Harrison
| | - Inmaculada Jorge
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Spain,Laboratorio de Proteómica Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, C. Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Zalba
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Genética, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, Pamplona 31008 Navarra, Spain
| | - Martina Becares
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Ruiz-Rodríguez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Spain,Grupo de Regulación Génica en Remodelado Cardiovascular e Inflamación, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, C. Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Spain,Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, C/ Sant Quintí, 77, 08041 Barcelona, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugo Bermeo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Rodrigues-Díez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Spain
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place Glasgow G12 8TA, Glasgow, UK
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place Glasgow G12 8TA, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jose Martínez-González
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIBB-CSIC), C/ Rosselló, 161, 08036, Barcelona, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Spain,Laboratorio de Proteómica Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, C. Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Spain,Grupo de Regulación Génica en Remodelado Cardiovascular e Inflamación, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, C. Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place Glasgow G12 8TA, Glasgow, UK
| | - Susana Guerra
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Microbiología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Spain
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74
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Salem MM, Sweid A, Kuhn AL, Dmytriw AA, Gomez-Paz S, Maragkos GA, Waqas M, Parra-Farinas C, Salehani A, Adeeb N, Brouwer P, Pickett G, Ku J, X D Yang V, Weill A, Radovanovic I, Cognard C, Spears J, Cuellar-Saenz HH, Renieri L, Kan P, Limbucci N, Mendes Pereira V, Harrigan MR, Puri AS, Levy EI, Moore JM, Ogilvy CS, Marotta TR, Jabbour P, Thomas AJ. Repeat Flow Diversion for Cerebral Aneurysms Failing Prior Flow Diversion: Safety and Feasibility From Multicenter Experience. Stroke 2021; 53:1178-1189. [PMID: 34634924 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.033555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Aneurysmal persistence after flow diversion (FD) occurs in 5% to 25% of aneurysms, which may necessitate retreatment. There are limited data on safety/efficacy of repeat FD-a frequently utilized strategy in such cases. METHODS A series of consecutive patients undergoing FD retreatment from 15 centers were reviewed (2011-2019), with inclusion criteria of repeat FD for the same aneurysm at least 6 months after initial treatment, with minimum of 6 months post-retreatment imaging. The primary outcome was aneurysmal occlusion, and secondary outcome was safety. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to identify predictors of incomplete occlusion (90%-99% and <90% occlusion) versus complete occlusion (100%) after retreatment. RESULTS Ninety-five patients (median age, 57 years; 81% women) harboring 95 aneurysms underwent 198 treatment procedures. Majority of aneurysms were unruptured (87.4%), saccular (74.7%), and located in the internal carotid artery (79%; median size, 9 mm). Median elapsed time between the first and second treatment was 12.2 months. Last available follow-up was at median 12.8 months after retreatment, and median 30.6 months after the initial treatment, showing complete occlusion in 46.2% and near-complete occlusion (90%-99%) in 20.4% of aneurysms. There was no difference in ischemic complications following initial treatment and retreatment (4.2% versus 4.2%; P>0.99). On multivariable regression, fusiform morphology had higher nonocclusion odds after retreatment (odds ratio [OR], 7.2 [95% CI, 1.97-20.8]). Family history of aneurysms was associated with lower odds of nonocclusion (OR, 0.18 [95% CI, 0.04-0.78]). Likewise, positive smoking history was associated with lower odds of nonocclusion (OR, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.1-0.86]). History of hypertension trended toward incomplete occlusion (OR, 3.10 [95% CI, 0.98-6.3]), similar to incorporated branch into aneurysms (OR, 2.78 [95% CI, 0.98-6.8]). CONCLUSIONS Repeat FD for persistent aneurysms carries a reasonable success/safety profile. Satisfactory occlusion (100% and 90%-99% occlusion) was encountered in two-thirds of patients, with similar complications between the initial and subsequent retreatments. Fusiform morphology was the strongest predictor of retreatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Salem
- Division of Neurosurgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Teaching Hospital, Boston, MA (M.M.S., S.G.-P., G.A.M., J.M.M., C.S.O., A.J.T.)
| | - Ahmad Sweid
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.S., M.R.H.)
| | - Anna L Kuhn
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (A.L.K., A.S.P.)
| | - Adam A Dmytriw
- Department of Medical Imaging and Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, ON, Canada (A.A.D., I.R., V.M.P.)
| | - Santiago Gomez-Paz
- Division of Neurosurgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Teaching Hospital, Boston, MA (M.M.S., S.G.-P., G.A.M., J.M.M., C.S.O., A.J.T.)
| | - Georgios A Maragkos
- Division of Neurosurgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Teaching Hospital, Boston, MA (M.M.S., S.G.-P., G.A.M., J.M.M., C.S.O., A.J.T.)
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, NY (M.W., E.I.L.)
| | - Carmen Parra-Farinas
- Department of Therapeutic Neuroradiology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. (C.P.-F., J.S., T.R.M.).,Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. (C.P.-F., J.S., T.R.M.)
| | - Arsalaan Salehani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA (A.S., P.J.)
| | - Nimer Adeeb
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ochsner-Louisiana State University Hospital, Shreveport (N.A., H.H.C.-S.)
| | - Patrick Brouwer
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden (P.B.)
| | - Gwynedd Pickett
- Division of Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (G.P.)
| | - Jerry Ku
- Department of Neuroradiology and Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.K., V.X.D.Y.)
| | - Victor X D Yang
- Department of Neuroradiology and Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.K., V.X.D.Y.)
| | - Alain Weill
- Department of Radiology, Service of Neuroradiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, QC, Canada (A.W.)
| | - Ivan Radovanovic
- Department of Medical Imaging and Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, ON, Canada (A.A.D., I.R., V.M.P.)
| | - Christophe Cognard
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Toulouse, France (C.C.)
| | - Julian Spears
- Department of Therapeutic Neuroradiology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. (C.P.-F., J.S., T.R.M.).,Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. (C.P.-F., J.S., T.R.M.)
| | - Hugo H Cuellar-Saenz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ochsner-Louisiana State University Hospital, Shreveport (N.A., H.H.C.-S.)
| | - Leonardo Renieri
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.R., N.L.)
| | - Peter Kan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (P.K.)
| | - Nicola Limbucci
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy (L.R., N.L.)
| | - Vitor Mendes Pereira
- Department of Medical Imaging and Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, ON, Canada (A.A.D., I.R., V.M.P.)
| | - Mark R Harrigan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.S., M.R.H.)
| | - Ajit S Puri
- Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester (A.L.K., A.S.P.)
| | - Elad I Levy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, NY (M.W., E.I.L.)
| | - Justin M Moore
- Division of Neurosurgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Teaching Hospital, Boston, MA (M.M.S., S.G.-P., G.A.M., J.M.M., C.S.O., A.J.T.)
| | - Christopher S Ogilvy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Teaching Hospital, Boston, MA (M.M.S., S.G.-P., G.A.M., J.M.M., C.S.O., A.J.T.)
| | - Thomas R Marotta
- Department of Therapeutic Neuroradiology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. (C.P.-F., J.S., T.R.M.).,Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. (C.P.-F., J.S., T.R.M.)
| | - Pascal Jabbour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA (A.S., P.J.)
| | - Ajith J Thomas
- Division of Neurosurgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Teaching Hospital, Boston, MA (M.M.S., S.G.-P., G.A.M., J.M.M., C.S.O., A.J.T.)
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Anthoulakis C, Mamopoulos A, Rousso D, Karagiannis A, Athanasiadis A, Grimbizis G, Athyros V. Arterial Stiffness as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor for the Development of Preeclampsia and Pharmacopreventive Options. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 20:52-61. [PMID: 34615450 DOI: 10.2174/1570161119666211006114258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness (AS) describes the rigidity of the arterial walls. Epidemiological studies have shown that increased AS is an independent predictive marker of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in both pregnant and non-pregnant women. Preeclampsia (PE), a form of pregnancy-induced hypertension, affects approximately 5% of pregnancies worldwide. Preeclamptic women have a higher risk of CV disease (CVD), mainly because PE damages the heart's ability to relax between contractions. Different pharmacological approaches for the prevention of PE have been tested in clinical trials (e.g. aspirin, enoxaparin, metformin, pravastatin, and sildenafil citrate). In current clinical practice, only low-dose aspirin is used for PE pharmacoprevention. However, low-dose aspirin does not prevent term PE, which is the most common form of PE. Compromised vascular integrity precedes the onset of PE and therefore, AS assessment may constitute a promising predictive marker of PE. Several non-invasive techniques have been developed to assess AS. Compared with normotensive pregnancies, both carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and augmentation index (AIx) are increased in PE. In view of simplicity, reliability, and reproducibility, there is an interest in oscillometric AS measurements in pregnancies complicated by PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Anthoulakis
- First Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki. Greece
| | - Apostolos Mamopoulos
- Third Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki. Greece
| | - David Rousso
- Third Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki. Greece
| | - Asterios Karagiannis
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki. Greece
| | - Apostolos Athanasiadis
- Third Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki. Greece
| | - Grigoris Grimbizis
- First Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, "Papageorgiou" General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki. Greece
| | - Vasilios Athyros
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki. Greece
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Cui Z, Li B, Zhang Y, He J, Shi X, Wang H, Zhao Y, Yao L, Ai D, Zhang X, Zhu Y. Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Attenuates Bosutinib-Induced Blood Pressure Elevation. Hypertension 2021; 78:1527-1540. [PMID: 34601968 PMCID: PMC8516812 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Endothelial cells play a critical role in maintaining homeostasis of vascular function, and endothelial activation is involved in the initial step of atherogenesis. Previously, we reported that Abl kinase mediates shear stress–induced endothelial activation. Bosutinib, a dual inhibitor of Src and Abl kinases, exerts an atheroprotective effect; however, recent studies have demonstrated an increase in the incidence of side effects associated with bosutinib, including increased arterial blood pressure (BP). To understand the effects of bosutinib on BP regulation and the mechanistic basis for novel treatment strategies against vascular dysfunction, we generated a line of mice conditionally lacking c-Abl in endothelial cells (endothelial cell-AblKO). Knockout mice and their wild-type littermates (Ablf/f) were orally administered a clinical dose of bosutinib, and their BP was monitored. Bosutinib treatment increased BP in both endothelial cell-AblKO and Ablf/f mice. Furthermore, acetylcholine-evoked endothelium-dependent relaxation of the mesenteric arteries was impaired by bosutinib treatment. RNA sequencing of mesenteric arteries revealed that the CYP (cytochrome P450)-dependent metabolic pathway was involved in regulating BP after bosutinib treatment. Additionally, bosutinib treatment led to an upregulation of soluble epoxide hydrolase in the arteries and a lower plasma content of eicosanoid metabolites in the CYP pathway in mice. Treatment with 1-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea, a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, reversed the bosutinib-induced changes to the eicosanoid metabolite profile, endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, and BP. Thus, the present study demonstrates that upregulation of soluble epoxide hydrolase mediates bosutinib-induced elevation of BP, independent of c-Abl. The addition of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor in patients treated with bosutinib may aid in preventing vascular side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Bochuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Jinlong He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Xuelian Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Yinjiao Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Liu Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Ding Ai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China
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Wang C, Xing C, Li Z, Liu Y, Li Q, Wang Y, Hu J, Yuan L, Yang G. Bioinspired therapeutic platform based on extracellular vesicles for prevention of arterial wall remodeling in hypertension. Bioact Mater 2021; 8:494-504. [PMID: 34541415 PMCID: PMC8427223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness due to the vessel remodeling is closely linked to raised blood pressure, and its physiopathologic mechanism is still not fully understood. We here aimed to explore whether extracellular vesicle (EV) mediated intercellular communication between endothelium and smooth muscle cell contribute to the blood vessel remodeling under hypertension. We here revealed that the arterial endothelial cells robustly secreted EV, which in turn could be circulated and/or directly taken up by the subendothelial smooth muscle cells (SMC). Under hypertension, the EV secretion increased and the miRNA profile changed significantly mainly due to the raised mechanical force and subsequent enhanced reactive oxygen species generation. Among the miRNA cargos in the EV, miR-320d/423-5p were found increased most significantly. In vivo delivery of miR-320d/423-5p mimics via engineered EV increased their expression in arterial vessels, recapitulating the phenotype in hypertension. In contrast, therapeutic delivery of miR-320d/423-5p inhibitors via engineered EV alleviated the phenotype in spontaneous hypertension rat model. Together, we have found that the injured endothelium due to the raised mechanical force in hypertension contributes to the arterial wall remodeling via the secreted EV. Our study has not only provided novel insights on the mechanism of hypertension associated blood vessel wall remodeling, but also shed light on therapeutic intervention of hypertension associated vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyang Xing
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhelong Li
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunnan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoying Li
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
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78
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Han ZL, Chen M, Fu XD, Yang M, Hrmova M, Zhao YH, Mou HJ. Potassium Alginate Oligosaccharides Alter Gut Microbiota, and Have Potential to Prevent the Development of Hypertension and Heart Failure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189823. [PMID: 34575987 PMCID: PMC8470992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-derived oligosaccharides show promising therapeutic potential in lowering blood pressure (BP), but the mechanism is poorly understood. Recently, the potential role of gut microbiota (GM) in hypertension has been investigated, but the specific GM signature that may participate in hypertension remains unclear. To test the potassium alginate oligosaccharides (PAO) mechanism in lowering BP and specific microbial signature changes in altering GM, we administered various dosages of PAO in 40 spontaneously hypertensive rats for a duration of six weeks. We analyzed BP, sequenced the 16S ribosomal DNA gene in the cecum content, and gathered RNA-seq data in cardiac tissues. We showed that the oral administration of PAO could significantly decrease systolic BP and mean arterial pressure. Transcriptome analyses demonstrated that the protective effects of developing heart failure were accompanied by down-regulating of the Natriuretic Peptide A gene expression and by decreasing the concentrations of angiotensin II and atrial natriuretic peptide in plasma. In comparison to the Vehicle control, PAO could increase the microbial diversity by altering the composition of GM. PAO could also decrease the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes by decreasing the abundance of Prevotella and Phascolarctobacterium bacteria. The favorable effect of PAO may be added to the positive influence of the abundance of major metabolites produced by Gram-negative bacteria in GM. We suggest that PAO caused changes in GM, and thus, they played an important role in preventing the development of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Lian Han
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 West Changjiang Road, Huai’an 223300, China; (Z.-L.H.); (M.H.)
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (M.C.); (X.-D.F.)
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (M.C.); (X.-D.F.)
| | - Xiao-Dan Fu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (M.C.); (X.-D.F.)
| | - Min Yang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Maria Hrmova
- School of Life Science, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 West Changjiang Road, Huai’an 223300, China; (Z.-L.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Yuan-Hui Zhao
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (M.C.); (X.-D.F.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.Z.); (H.-J.M.); Tel./Fax: +86-532-8203-2400 (Y.-H.Z.); +86-532-8203-2290 (H.-J.M.)
| | - Hai-Jin Mou
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (M.C.); (X.-D.F.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.Z.); (H.-J.M.); Tel./Fax: +86-532-8203-2400 (Y.-H.Z.); +86-532-8203-2290 (H.-J.M.)
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Zhang Q, Zeng G, Wang X, Wu KH. Associations of exposure to secondhand smoke with hypertension risk and blood pressure values in adults. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:86. [PMID: 34488622 PMCID: PMC8422707 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-01009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of environmental chemical exposure on blood pressure (BP) have been confirmed, but the association between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and hypertension risk and BP in the general population remains unknown. Methods Cross-sectional associations between SHS exposure and hypertension risk and BP values were evaluated using data for subjects who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999–2016. Logistic regression and linear regression were performed after adjusting for age, sex, race, alcohol consumption, poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate, physical activity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and NHANES cycle. Restricted cubic spline models were created to display the potential nonlinear association between SHS and BP levels. Results Higher risk of hypertension was found at the highest SHS concentrations (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.04, 1.24, P for trend = 0.007). Additionally, SHS exposure had a strong positive association with systolic blood pressure (SBP) but was negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Furthermore, the nonlinear model result showed a significant association between SHS and SBP (P = 0.017); however, the nonlinear model result was not significant for SHS or DBP. Conclusions Our results suggest a potential association between high SHS exposure and the risk of hypertension. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12199-021-01009-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Guowei Zeng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Kai-Hong Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Diastolic blood pressure achieved at target systolic blood pressure (120-140 mm Hg) and dabigatran-related bleeding in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: A real-world study. Anatol J Cardiol 2021; 24:267-273. [PMID: 33001045 PMCID: PMC7585965 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2020.11823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) can significantly increase the bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it is unclear whether elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP), in the presence of well-controlled SBP is also associated with bleeding. Therefore, we aimed to examine the specific relationship between DBP and bleeding in patients with AF treated with anticoagulants and had well-controlled SBP. Methods: We analyzed data from 542 of 929 patients with nonvalvular AF (NVAF) treated with dabigatran from the Monitor System for the Safety of Dabigatran Treatment study (MISSION-AF) who had a SBP of 120–140 mm Hg at the time of enrollment. The association between DBP and bleeding was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and smooth curve fitting (penalized spline method). Threshold saturation effect analysis was used to show the nonlinear relationship between DBP and bleeding. Results: After 3 months of follow-up, 49 bleeding events occurred. Compared with participants with DBP <80 mm Hg, those with DBP ≥80 mm Hg had a 118% higher bleeding risk [hazard ratio (HR): 2.18; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19, 3.98; p<0.05]. The smooth curve showed a nonlinear relationship between DBP and bleeding risk, and the inflection point of DBP was 80 mm Hg. When DBP was ≥80 mm Hg, the bleeding risk increased by 59% (HR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.19; p<0.05) for every 5 mm Hg increase in DBP. Conclusion: Upon achieving an optimal SBP (120–140 mm Hg), a higher DBP might be associated with a higher bleeding risk in patients with NVAF treated with dabigatran.
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Fli1 + cells transcriptional analysis reveals an Lmo2-Prdm16 axis in angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2008559118. [PMID: 34330825 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008559118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A network of molecular factors drives the development, differentiation, and maintenance of endothelial cells. Friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor (FLI1) is a bona fide marker of endothelial cells during early development. In zebrafish Tg( f li1:EGFP) y1 , we identified two endothelial cell populations, high-fli1 + and low-fli1 +, by the intensity of green fluorescent protein signal. By comparing RNA-sequencing analysis of non-fli1 expressing cells (fli1 -) with these two (fli1 +) cell populations, we identified several up-regulated genes, not previously recognized as important, during endothelial development. Compared with fli1 - and low-fli1 + cells, high-fli1 + cells showed up-regulated expression of the zinc finger transcription factor PRDI-BF1 and RIZ homology domain containing 16 (prdm16). Prdm16 knockdown (KD) by morpholino in the zebrafish larva was associated with impaired angiogenesis and increased number of low-fli1 + cells at the expense of high-fli1 + cells. In addition, PRDM16 KD in endothelial cells derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells impaired their differentiation and migration in vitro. Moreover, zebrafish mutants (mut) with loss of function for the oncogene LIM domain only 2 (lmo2) also showed reduced prdm16 gene expression combined with impaired angiogenesis. Prdm16 expression was reduced further in endothelial (CD31+) cells compared with CD31- cells isolated from l mo2-mutants (l mo2-mut) embryos. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR demonstrated that Lmo2 binds to the promoter and directly regulates the transcription of prdm16 This work unveils a mechanism by which prdm16 expression is activated in endothelial cells by Lmo2 and highlights a possible therapeutic pathway by which to modulate endothelial cell growth and repair.
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Chrysanthopoulou A, Gkaliagkousi E, Lazaridis A, Arelaki S, Pateinakis P, Ntinopoulou M, Mitsios A, Antoniadou C, Argyriou C, Georgiadis GS, Papadopoulos V, Giatromanolaki A, Ritis K, Skendros P. Angiotensin II triggers neutrophil extracellular traps release linking thromboinflammation with essential hypertension. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e148668. [PMID: 34324440 PMCID: PMC8492353 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity and chronic inflammation are involved in atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis leading to target organ damage in essential hypertension (EH). However, the role of neutrophils in EH is still elusive. We investigated the association between angiotensin II (Ang II) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in pathogenesis of EH. Plasma samples, kidney biopsies and surgical specimens of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) from EH patients were used. Cell-based assays, NETs/human aortic endothelial cells co-cultures and in situ studies were performed. Increased plasma levels of NETs and tissue factor (TF) activity were detected in untreated, newly-diagnosed, EH patients. Stimulation of control neutrophils with plasma from untreated EH patients generated TF-enriched NETs promoting endothelial collagen production. Ang II induced NETosis in vitro via a reactive oxygen species (ROS)/peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 and autophagy-dependent pathway. Circulating NETs and thrombin generation levels were reduced significantly in EH patients starting treatment with Ang II receptor blockers, whereas their plasma was unable to trigger procoagulant NETs. Moreover, TF-bearing NETotic neutrophils/remnants were accumulated in sites of interstitial renal fibrosis and in the subendothelial layer of AAA. These data reveal the important pathogenic role of Ang II/ROS/NETs/TF axis in EH, linking thromboinflammation with endothelial dysfunction and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akrivi Chrysanthopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Lazaridis
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stella Arelaki
- Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, National Center for Tumor Disease, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Maria Ntinopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Alexandros Mitsios
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christina Antoniadou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christos Argyriou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George S Georgiadis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vasileios Papadopoulos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | | | - Panagiotis Skendros
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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83
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Laffin LJ, Bakris GL. Intersection Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Cardiol Rep 2021; 23:117. [PMID: 34269921 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-021-01546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The incidence of chronic kidney disease is increasing worldwide, and the previously decreasing incidence of cardiovascular disease has now plateaued. Understanding the intersection of both heart and kidney disease is crucial. RECENT FINDINGS Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease share common risk factors and specific pathogenic mechanisms and impact a significant segment of the population. Patients with chronic kidney disease are more likely to have cardiovascular disease than progress to end-stage kidney disease requiring renal replacement therapy. We discuss shared risk factors and mechanisms for cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. The following also addresses contemporary cardiovascular treatment considerations in patients with chronic kidney disease with a focus on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Laffin
- Section of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - George L Bakris
- Am. Heart Assoc. Comprehensive Hypertension Center, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC 1027, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Covassin N, Bukartyk J, Singh P, Calvin AD, St Louis EK, Somers VK. Effects of Experimental Sleep Restriction on Ambulatory and Sleep Blood Pressure in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized Crossover Study. Hypertension 2021; 78:859-870. [PMID: 34247512 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Covassin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.C., J.B., P.S., V.K.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jan Bukartyk
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.C., J.B., P.S., V.K.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Prachi Singh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.C., J.B., P.S., V.K.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (P.S.)
| | - Andrew D Calvin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI (A.D.C.)
| | - Erik K St Louis
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology (E.K.S.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (E.K.S.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Virend K Somers
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (N.C., J.B., P.S., V.K.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Inflammatory Mechanisms Contributing to Endothelial Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070781. [PMID: 34356845 PMCID: PMC8301477 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of endothelial cell integrity is an important component of human health and disease since the endothelium can perform various functions including regulation of vascular tone, control of hemostasis and thrombosis, cellular adhesion, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and vascular inflammation. Endothelial dysfunction is encompassed by complex pathophysiology that is based on endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and endothelial activation following stimulation from various inflammatory mediators (molecular patterns, oxidized lipoproteins, cytokines). The downstream signaling via nuclear factor-κB leads to overexpression of adhesion molecules, selectins, and chemokines that facilitate leukocyte adhesion, rolling, and transmigration to the subendothelial space. Moreover, oscillatory shear stress leads to pro-inflammatory endothelial activation with increased monocyte adhesion and endothelial cell apoptosis, an effect that is dependent on multiple pathways and flow-sensitive microRNA regulation. Moreover, the role of neutrophil extracellular traps and NLRP3 inflammasome as inflammatory mechanisms contributing to endothelial dysfunction has recently been unveiled and is under further investigation. Consequently, and following their activation, injured endothelial cells release inflammatory mediators and enter a pro-thrombotic state through activation of coagulation pathways, downregulation of thrombomodulin, and an increase in platelet adhesion and aggregation owing to the action of von-Willebrand factor, ultimately promoting atherosclerosis progression.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The inability of the organism to appropriately respond to hypoxia results in abnormal cell metabolism and function. Hypoxia-induced angiogenesis seems to be suppressed in experimental models of hypertension; however, this hypothesis has not been tested in humans. We examined changes in endothelial biomarkers and vascular chemoattraction/angiogenic capacity in response to isocapnic hypoxia in hypertensive men. METHODS Twelve normotensive (38 ± 10 years) and nine hypertensive men (45 ± 11 years) were exposed to 5-min trials of normoxia (21% O2) and isocapnic hypoxia (10% O2). During the last minute of each trial, venous blood was drawn. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs; CD45/CD34/VEGFR2), endothelial microvesicles (apoptotic EMVs, CD42b/CD31/AnnexinV; endothelial activation, CD62E/CD144), nitrite, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) were measured. RESULTS During normoxia, EPCs, nitrite, endothelial activation, and SDF-1 were similar between groups, whereas VEGF was lower (P = 0.02) and apoptotic EMVs tended to increase (P = 0.07) in hypertensive men. During isocapnic hypoxia, endothelial activation increased in both groups (normotensive, P = 0.007 vs. normoxia; hypertensive, P = 0.006 vs. normoxia), whereas EMVs were higher only in the hypertensive group (P = 0.03 vs. normotensive). EPCs (P = 0.01 vs. normoxia; P = 0.03 vs. hypertensive men), NO (P = 0.01 vs. normoxia; P = 0.04 vs. hypertensive), and VEGF (P = 0.02 vs. normoxia; P = 0.0005 vs. hypertensive) increased only in normotensive individuals in response to isocapnic hypoxia. SDF-1 did not change in either group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that hypertension-induced impairment in angiogenesis in response to isocapnic hypoxia is related to disrupted NO bioavailability, VEGF chemotactic signaling, and EPC mobilization.
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Pan Y, Sun S, Wang X, Chen A, Fei X, Wang W, Han Y. Improvement of Vascular Function by Knockdown of Salusin-β in Hypertensive Rats via Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling Pathway. Front Physiol 2021; 12:622954. [PMID: 33897447 PMCID: PMC8063058 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.622954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Salusin-β, a multifunctional vasoactive peptide, has a potentially important function in the pathological development of hypertension. However, the exact functional role of salusin-β and the underlying mechanism in this process are still not fully understood. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of silencing salusin-β on vascular function and vascular remodeling, as well as its signaling pathways in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Methods Silencing salusin-β was performed by caudal vein injection of adenovirus expressing salusin-β short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation was used to evaluate vasodilator function, and high K+ solution-induced constriction was used to evaluate vasoconstriction function. Results Salusin-β levels in plasma and its protein expression in mesenteric artery (MA), coronary artery (CA), and pulmonary artery (PA) of SHR were higher than those in WKY. The salusin-β level and expression were decreased effectively by salusin-β shRNA. Knockdown of salusin-β decreased arterial blood pressure (ABP) and high K+ solution-induced vascular constrictions, and improved the endothelium-dependent relaxation and vascular remodeling in SHR. The improved effect of silencing salusin-β on ACh-induced relaxation in SHR was almost blocked by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME. Compared to WKY, the endothelial NOS (eNOS) activity and level, and nitric oxide (NO) level were decreased, while NAD(P)H oxidase activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in MA, CA, and PA of SHR were increased, which were all redressed by salusin-β knockdown. Conclusion These results indicate that knockdown of salusin-β improves endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation and vascular remodeling and decreases ABP and vasoconstriction in SHR, which might be accomplished by increasing eNOS activation and NO release while inhibiting NAD(P)H oxidase derived-ROS generation. Scavenging salusin-β improves vascular function and then prevents the development and progression of vasculopathy of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aidong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejie Fei
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Marino A, Hausenloy DJ, Andreadou I, Horman S, Bertrand L, Beauloye C. AMP-activated protein kinase: A remarkable contributor to preserve a healthy heart against ROS injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:238-254. [PMID: 33675956 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Left ventricle remodeling, fibrosis, and ischemia/reperfusion injury all contribute to the deterioration of cardiac function and predispose to the onset of heart failure. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the universally recognized energy sensor which responds to low ATP levels and restores cellular metabolism. AMPK activation controls numerous cellular processes and, in the heart, it plays a pivotal role in preventing onset and progression of disease. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, known as oxidative stress, can activate AMPK, conferring an additional role of AMPK as a redox-sensor. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the crosstalk between ROS and AMPK. We describe the molecular mechanisms by which ROS activate AMPK and how AMPK signaling can further prevent heart failure progression. Ultimately, we review the potential therapeutic approaches to target AMPK for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and prevention of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Marino
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK; Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Cardiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
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89
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Tu C, Cunningham NJ, Zhang M, Wu JC. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Screening Platform for Drug-Induced Vascular Toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:613837. [PMID: 33790786 PMCID: PMC8006367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.613837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of potential vascular injury is an essential part of the safety study during pharmaceutical development. Vascular liability issues are important causes of drug termination during preclinical investigations. Currently, preclinical assessment of vascular toxicity primarily relies on the use of animal models. However, accumulating evidence indicates a significant discrepancy between animal toxicity and human toxicity, casting doubt on the clinical relevance of animal models for such safety studies. While the causes of this discrepancy are expected to be multifactorial, species differences are likely a key factor. Consequently, a human-based model is a desirable solution to this problem, which has been made possible by the advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In particular, recent advances in the field now allow the efficient generation of a variety of vascular cells (e.g., endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes) from iPSCs. Using these cells, different vascular models have been established, ranging from simple 2D cultures to highly sophisticated vascular organoids and microfluidic devices. Toxicity testing using these models can recapitulate key aspects of vascular pathology on molecular (e.g., secretion of proinflammatory cytokines), cellular (e.g., cell apoptosis), and in some cases, tissue (e.g., endothelium barrier dysfunction) levels. These encouraging data provide the rationale for continuing efforts in the exploration, optimization, and validation of the iPSC technology in vascular toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Tu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Nathan J Cunningham
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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90
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Doreille A, Azzi F, Larivière-Beaudoin S, Karakeussian-Rimbaud A, Trudel D, Hébert MJ, Dieudé M, Patey N, Cardinal H. Acute Kidney Injury, Microvascular Rarefaction, and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 16:415-426. [PMID: 33648972 PMCID: PMC8011007 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.07270520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Animal studies suggest that microvascular rarefaction is a key factor in the acute kidney disease to CKD transition. Hence, delayed graft function appears as a unique human model of AKI to further explore the role of microvascular rarefaction in kidney transplant recipients. Here, we assessed whether delayed graft function is associated with peritubular capillary loss and evaluated the association between this loss and long-term kidney graft function. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS This observational, retrospective cohort study included 61 participants who experienced delayed graft function and 130 who had immediate graft function. We used linear regression models to evaluate associations between delayed graft function and peritubular capillary density expressed as the percentage of efficient cortical area occupied by peritubular capillaries in pre- and post-transplant graft biopsies. eGFRs 1 and 3 years post-transplant were secondary outcomes. RESULTS Post-transplant biopsies were performed at a median of 113 days (interquartile range, 101-128) after transplantation. Peritubular capillary density went from 15.4% to 11.5% in patients with delayed graft function (median change, -3.7%; interquartile range, -6.6% to -0.8%) and from 19.7% to 15.1% in those with immediate graft function (median change, -4.5%; interquartile range, -8.0% to -0.8%). Although the unadjusted change in peritubular capillary density was similar between patients with and without delayed graft function, delayed graft function was associated with more peritubular capillary loss in the multivariable analysis (adjusted difference in change, -2.9%; 95% confidence interval, -4.0 to -1.8). Pretransplant peritubular capillary density and change in peritubular capillary density were associated with eGFR 1 and 3 years post-transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative AKI is associated with lower density in peritubular capillaries before transplantation and with loss of peritubular capillaries following transplantation. Lower peritubular capillary density is linked to lower long-term eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Doreille
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Immunopathology axis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Féryel Azzi
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Larivière-Beaudoin
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Immunopathology axis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Annie Karakeussian-Rimbaud
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Immunopathology axis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dominique Trudel
- Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Pathology Department, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Hébert
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Immunopathology axis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Nephrology Department, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Dieudé
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Immunopathology axis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Natacha Patey
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Immunopathology axis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Pathology Department, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Héloïse Cardinal
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Immunopathology axis, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Nephrology Department, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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91
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Hemanthakumar KA, Fang S, Anisimov A, Mäyränpää MI, Mervaala E, Kivelä R. Cardiovascular disease risk factors induce mesenchymal features and senescence in mouse cardiac endothelial cells. eLife 2021; 10:62678. [PMID: 33661096 PMCID: PMC8043751 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging, obesity, hypertension, and physical inactivity are major risk factors for endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We applied fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), RNA sequencing, and bioinformatic methods to investigate the common effects of CVD risk factors in mouse cardiac endothelial cells (ECs). Aging, obesity, and pressure overload all upregulated pathways related to TGF-β signaling and mesenchymal gene expression, inflammation, vascular permeability, oxidative stress, collagen synthesis, and cellular senescence, whereas exercise training attenuated most of the same pathways. We identified collagen chaperone Serpinh1 (also called as Hsp47) to be significantly increased by aging and obesity and repressed by exercise training. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that increased SERPINH1 in human ECs induced mesenchymal properties, while its silencing inhibited collagen deposition. Our data demonstrate that CVD risk factors significantly remodel the transcriptomic landscape of cardiac ECs inducing inflammatory, senescence, and mesenchymal features. SERPINH1 was identified as a potential therapeutic target in ECs. Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death in the western world. Endothelial cells that line the blood vessels of the heart play a central role in the development of these diseases. In addition to helping transport blood, these cells support the normal running of the heart, and help it to grow and regenerate. Over time as the body ages and experiences stress, endothelial cells start to deteriorate. This can cause the cells to undergo senescence and stop dividing, and lay down scar-like tissue via a process called fibrosis. As a result, the blood vessels start to stiffen and become less susceptible to repair. Ageing, obesity, high blood pressure, and inactivity all increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, whereas regular exercise has a protective effect. But it was unclear how these different factors affect endothelial cells. To investigate this, Hemanthakumar et al. compared the gene activity of different sets of mice: old vs young, obese vs lean, heart problems vs healthy, and fit vs sedentary. All these risk factors – age, weight, inactivity and heart defects – caused the mice’s endothelial cells to activate mechanisms that lead to stress, senescence and fibrosis. Whereas exercise training had the opposite effect, and turned off the same genes and pathways. All of the at-risk groups also had high levels of a gene called SerpinH1, which helps produce tissue fiber and collagen. Experiments increasing the levels of SerpinH1 in human endothelial cells grown in the laboratory recreated the effects seen in mice, and switched on markers of stress, senescence and fibrosis. According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease now accounts for 10% of the disease burden worldwide. Revealing the affects it has on gene activity could help identify new targets for drug development, such as SerpinH1. Understanding the molecular effects of exercise on blood vessels could also aid in the design of treatments that mimic exercise. This could help people who are unable to follow training programs to reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Amudhala Hemanthakumar
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shentong Fang
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrey Anisimov
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko I Mäyränpää
- Pathology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Mervaala
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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92
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Kastritis E, Laina A, Georgiopoulos G, Gavriatopoulou M, Papanagnou ED, Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou E, Fotiou D, Kanellias N, Dialoupi I, Makris N, Manios E, Migkou M, Roussou M, Kotsopoulou M, Stellos K, Terpos E, Trougakos IP, Stamatelopoulos K, Dimopoulos MA. Carfilzomib-induced endothelial dysfunction, recovery of proteasome activity, and prediction of cardiovascular complications: a prospective study. Leukemia 2021; 35:1418-1427. [PMID: 33589757 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carfilzomib (CFZ) improves survival in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma but is associated with cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs). We prospectively investigated the effect of CFZ on endothelial function and associations with CVAEs. Forty-eight patients treated with Kd (CFZ 20/56 mg/m2 and dexamethasone) underwent serial endothelial function evaluation, using brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and 26S proteasome activity (PrA) measurement in PBMCs; patients were followed until disease progression or cycle 6 for a median of 10 months. FMD and PrA decreased acutely after the first dose (p < 0.01) and FMD decreased at cycles 3 and 6 compared to baseline (p ≤ 0.05). FMD changes were associated with CFZ-induced PrA changes (p < 0.05) and lower PrA recovery during first cycle was associated with more prominent FMD decrease (p = 0.034 for group interaction). During treatment, 25 patients developed Grade ≥3 CVAEs. Low baseline FMD (HR 2.57 lowest vs. higher tertiles, 95% CI 1.081-6.1) was an independent predictor of CVAEs. During treatment, an acute FMD decrease >40% at the end of first cycle was also independently associated with CVAEs (HR = 3.91, 95% CI 1.29-11.83). Kd treatment impairs endothelial function which is associated with PrA inhibition and recovery. Both pre- and posttreatment FMD predicted CFZ-related CVAEs supporting its role as a possible cardiovascular toxicity biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Kastritis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Ageliki Laina
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gavriatopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni-Dimitra Papanagnou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Despina Fotiou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kanellias
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Dialoupi
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Makris
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Manios
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Magdalini Migkou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Roussou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kotsopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Terpos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis P Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. .,Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Meletios A Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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93
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Tan PPS, Hall D, Chilian WM, Chia YC, Mohd Zain S, Lim HM, Kumar DN, Ching SM, Low TY, Md Noh MF, Pung YF. Exosomal microRNAs in the development of essential hypertension and its potential as biomarkers. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1486-H1497. [PMID: 33577433 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00888.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory molecules that are involved in posttranscriptional modifications. These noncoding RNAs are usually ferried by extracellular carriers such as exosomes or other protein and lipid carriers inside a range of body fluids including plasma and urine. Due to their ability to withstand harsh external conditions, exosomal miRNAs possess enormous potential as noninvasive disease biomarkers for, notably hypertension, whereby exosomal miRNAs have been implicated in its pathophysiological processes. More importantly, alterations in the microenvironment as a result of disease progression can induce active and selective loading of miRNAs into exosomes. In this paper, we first review the mechanisms of miRNA loading into exosomes, followed by the roles of exosomal miRNAs in the development of hypertension, and the potentials of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers in comparison with other free circulating miRNAs. Finally, challenges and future research surrounding exosomal miRNAs will also be discussed. This review will aid in the understanding of noninvasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of hypertension and for probing therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pei Suu Tan
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Deborah Hall
- University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - William M Chilian
- Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Yook Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Min Lim
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Devaraj Navin Kumar
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fairulnizal Md Noh
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuh-Fen Pung
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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94
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Sarhene M, Ni JY, Duncan ES, Liu Z, Li S, Zhang J, Guo R, Gao S, Gao X, Fan G. Ginsenosides for cardiovascular diseases; update on pre-clinical and clinical evidence, pharmacological effects and the mechanisms of action. Pharmacol Res 2021; 166:105481. [PMID: 33549726 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the major cause of death worldwide, accounting for almost 31% of the global mortality annually. Several preclinical studies have indicated that ginseng and the major bioactive ingredient (ginsenosides) can modulate several CVDs through diverse mechanisms. However, there is paucity in the translation of such experiments into clinical arena for cardiovascular ailments due to lack of conclusive specific pathways through which these activities are initiated and lack of larger, long-term well-structured clinical trials. Therefore, this review elaborates on current pharmacological effects of ginseng and ginsenosides in the cardiovascular system and provides some insights into the safety, toxicity, and synergistic effects in human trials. The review concludes that before ginseng, ginsenosides and their preparations could be utilized in the clinical treatment of CVDs, there should be more preclinical studies in larger animals (like the guinea pig, rabbit, dog, and monkey) to find the specific dosages, address the toxicity, safety and synergistic effects with other conventional drugs. This could lead to the initiation of large-scale, long-term well-structured randomized, and placebo-controlled clinical trials to test whether treatment is effective for a longer period and test the efficacy against other conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sarhene
- First teaching hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jing Yu Ni
- First teaching hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Esi Sophia Duncan
- First teaching hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- First teaching hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Sheng Li
- First teaching hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- First teaching hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Rui Guo
- First teaching hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Shan Gao
- First teaching hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First teaching hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin 300193, China.
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95
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Restivo I, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Allegra M. Suicidal Erythrocyte Death in Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020154. [PMID: 33494379 PMCID: PMC7911029 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eryptosis is a coordinated, programmed cell death culminating with the disposal of cells without disruption of the cell membrane and the release of endocellular oxidative and pro-inflammatory milieu. While providing a convenient form of death for erythrocytes, dysregulated eryptosis may result in a series of detrimental and harmful pathological consequences highly related to the endothelial dysfunction (ED). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is described as a cluster of cardiometabolic factors (hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity) that increases the risk of cardiovascular complications such as those related to diabetes and atherosclerosis. In the light of the crucial role exerted by the eryptotic process in the ED, the focus of the present review is to report and discuss the involvement of eryptosis within MetS, where vascular complications are utterly relevant. Current knowledge on the mechanisms leading to eryptosis in MetS-related conditions (hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity) will be analyzed. Moreover, clinical evidence supporting or proposing a role for eryptosis in the ED, associated to MetS cardiovascular complications, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (M.A.); Tel.: +39-091-238-96803 (L.T. & M.A.)
| | - Mario Allegra
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (M.A.); Tel.: +39-091-238-96803 (L.T. & M.A.)
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96
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P2Y11 Agonism Prevents Hypoxia/Reoxygenation- and Angiotensin II-Induced Vascular Dysfunction and Intimal Hyperplasia Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020855. [PMID: 33467058 PMCID: PMC7829863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases includes vasomotor response impairments, endothelial cells (ECs) activation, and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) proliferation and migration to the intima. This results in intimal hyperplasia and vessel failure. We previously reported that activation of the P2Y11 receptor (P2Y11R) in human dendritic cells, cardiofibroblasts and cardiomyocytes was protective against hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) lesions. In this study, we investigated the role of P2Y11R signaling in vascular dysfunction. P2Y11R activity was modulated using its pharmacological agonist NF546 and antagonist NF340. Rat aortic rings were exposed to angiotensin II (AngII) and evaluated for their vasomotor response. The P2Y11R agonist NF546 reduced AngII-induced vascular dysfunction by promoting EC-dependent vasorelaxation, through an increased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and reduced AngII-induced H2O2 release; these effects were prevented by the use of the P2Y11R antagonist NF340. Human vascular SMCs and ECs were subjected to AngII or H/R simulation in vitro. P2Y11R agonist modulated vasoactive factors in human ECs, that is, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and endothelin-1, reduced SMC proliferation and prevented the switch towards a synthetic phenotype. H/R and AngII increased ECs secretome-induced SMC proliferation, an effect prevented by P2Y11R activation. Thus, our data suggest that P2Y11R activation may protect blood vessels from HR-/AngII-induced injury and reduce vascular dysfunctions. These results open the way for new vasculoprotective interventions.
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97
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Prenatal exposure to methamphetamine in rats induces endothelial dysfunction in male but not female adult offspring. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:981-988. [PMID: 33415505 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In utero exposure to methamphetamine results in significant developmental, neurological, and behavioral deficits in offspring. However, very little is known about the cardiovascular effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure in adult offspring. We hypothesized that prenatal methamphetamine exposure causes adverse cardiovascular effects in adult offspring. The aims of this study were to test the effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure on blood pressure and endothelial function in male and female adult rat offspring. Pregnant rats were injected with methamphetamine (5 mg kg-1 day-1) or saline throughout pregnancy. Conscious blood pressure and vascular function in mesenteric-resistance arteries were measured in male and female adult offspring using tail cuff and myography, respectively (beginning at 8 weeks old). In adult male offspring, but not in adult female offspring, endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in methamphetamine-exposed compared to saline-exposed rats. Vascular relaxation to diethylamine NONOate diethylammonium salt was not impacted by gender or prenatal exposure. Prenatal methamphetamine exposure had no effect on systolic blood pressure in offspring of either gender. These data suggest that prenatal methamphetamine exposure adversely affects endothelial function in a sex-dependent manner. Clinically, these data suggest that adult males with a history of prenatal methamphetamine exposure may be at greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease due to endothelial dysfunction.
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98
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Akpa OM, Okekunle AP, Asowata JO, Adedokun B. Passive smoking exposure and the risk of hypertension among non-smoking adults: the 2015-2016 NHANES data. Clin Hypertens 2021; 27:1. [PMID: 33384019 PMCID: PMC7775627 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-020-00159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is a major public health problem and a prominent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, whether passive smoking exposure (PSE) is associated with the risk of hypertension is scarcely understood. This study assessed the association between PSE and the risk of hypertension among adults (≥18 years) in the United States of America. Methods Three thousand and sixty-seven adults were identified from the 2015–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the association between PSE and hypertension (adjusting for relevant confounders) was examined using multivariable adjusted-logistic regression analysis at P < 0.05. Results Mean age of respondents was 46.5 ± 17.9 years. Overall, 23.7% of respondents reported PSE and 32.6% were hypertensives (of which only 14.3% were aware of their hypertensive state) Also, adjusted odds of hypertension for participants with PSE was 1.038 (1.037, 1.040), P < 0.0001, in the overall population. Also, PSE aggravated odds of hypertension among young adults – < 60 years (aOR: 1.095, 95CI%: 1.094 to 1.097), P < 0.0001, and old adults – ≥60 years (aOR: 1.110, 95% CI: 1.108 to 1.113), P < 0.0001. Similarly, PSE was associated with increased odds of hypertension among women (aOR: 1.240, 95% CI: 1.238 to 1.242), P < 0.0001 but not among men (aOR: 0.755, 95% CI: 0.754 to 0.757), P < 0.0001. Conclusions PSE was independently associated with the risk of hypertension particularly among women, young and old adults. A multi-ethnic longitudinal cohort may help ascertain causality and provide more evidence for appropriate interventions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40885-020-00159-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onoja Matthew Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, PMB 900001 UI Post Office, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria. .,Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria. .,Preventive Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria.
| | - Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, PMB 900001 UI Post Office, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria. .,The Postgraduate College, University of Ibadan, PMB 900001, Ibadan, Nigeria. .,Nutritional Epidemiology Lab, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, IL, 08826, Korea. .,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, IL, 08826, Korea.
| | - Jeffery Osahon Asowata
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, PMB 900001 UI Post Office, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Adedokun
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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99
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Matjuda EN, Engwa GA, Sewani-Rusike CR, Nkeh-Chungag BN. An Overview of Vascular Dysfunction and Determinants: The Case of Children of African Ancestry. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:769589. [PMID: 34956981 PMCID: PMC8709476 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.769589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between dilatory and constrictive factors is important as it keeps blood vessels in a homeostatic state. However, altered physiological processes as a result of obesity, hypertension, oxidative stress, and other cardiovascular risk factors may lead to vascular damage, causing an imbalance of vasoactive factors. Over time, the sustained imbalance of these vasoactive factors may lead to vascular dysfunction, which can be assessed by non-invasive methods, such as flow-mediated dilation, pulse wave velocity, flow-mediated slowing, retinal vessel analysis, peripheral vascular reactivity, and carotid intima-media thickness assessment. Although there is increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (obesity and hypertension) in children in sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about how this may affect vascular function. This review focuses on vasoactive factors implicated in vascular (dys)function, highlighting the determinants and consequences of vascular dysfunction. It further describes the non-invasive methods used for vascular (dys)function assessments and, last, describes the impact of cardiovascular risk factors on vascular dysfunction in children of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna N Matjuda
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Godwill Azeh Engwa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Constance R Sewani-Rusike
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - Benedicta N Nkeh-Chungag
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University PBX1, Mthatha, South Africa
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100
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Kreutz R, Abd el-Hady Algharably E. Blood Pressure Control. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY 2021:317-322. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-57401-7_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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