51
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Zuo L, Wijegunawardana D. Redox Role of ROS and Inflammation in Pulmonary Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:187-204. [PMID: 34019270 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), either derived from exogenous sources or overproduced endogenously, can disrupt the body's antioxidant defenses leading to compromised redox homeostasis. The lungs are highly susceptible to ROS-mediated damage. Oxidative stress (OS) caused by this redox imbalance leads to the pathogenesis of multiple pulmonary diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). OS causes damage to important cellular components in terms of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA histone modification. Inflammation further enhances ROS production inducing changes in transcriptional factors which mediate cellular stress response pathways. This deviation from normal cell function contributes to the detrimental pathological characteristics often seen in pulmonary diseases. Although antioxidant therapies are feasible approaches in alleviating OS-related lung impairment, a comprehensive understanding of the updated role of ROS in pulmonary inflammation is vital for the development of optimal treatments. In this chapter, we review the major pulmonary diseases-including COPD, asthma, ARDS, COVID-19, and lung cancer-as well as their association with ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zuo
- College of Arts and Sciences, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Lab, University of Maine, Presque Isle Campus, Presque Isle, ME, USA. .,Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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52
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Špaková I, Rabajdová M, Mičková H, Graier WF, Mareková M. Effect of hypoxia factors gene silencing on ROS production and metabolic status of A375 malignant melanoma cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10325. [PMID: 33990669 PMCID: PMC8121821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate response of melanocytes to exogenous or endogenous stress stimuli like extreme pH and temperature, metabolite and oxygen deficiency or a high UV dose initiates a cellular stress response. This process activates adaptive processes to minimize the negative impact of the stressor on the pigment cell. Under physiological conditions, a non-cancer cell is directed to apoptosis if the stressor persists. However, malignant melanoma cells will survive persistent stress thanks to distinct "cancerous" signaling pathways (e.g. MEK) and transcription factors that regulate the expression of so-called "survival genes" (e.g. HIF, MITF). In this survival response of cancer cells, MEK pathway directs melanoma cells to deregulate mitochondrial metabolism, to accumulate reduced species (NADH), and to centralize metabolism in the cytosol. The aim of this work was to study the effect of gene silencing in malignant melanoma A375 cells on metabolic processes in cytosol and mitochondria. Gene silencing of HIF-1α, and miR-210 in normoxia and pseudohypoxia, and analysis of its effect on MITF-M, and PDHA1 expression. Detection of cytosolic NADH by Peredox-mCherry Assay. Detection of OCR, and ECAR using Seahorse XF96. Measurement of produced O2•- with MitoTracker Red CMXRos. 1H NMR analysis of metabolites present in cell suspension, and medium. By gene silencing of HIF-1α and miR-210 the expression of PDHA1 was upregulated while that of MITF-M was downregulated, yielding acceleration of mitochondrial respiratory activity and thus elimination of ROS. Hence, we detected a significantly reduced A375 cell viability, an increase in alanine, inositol, nucleotides, and other metabolites that together define apoptosis. Based on the results of measurements of mitochondrial resipiratory activity, ROS production, and changes in the metabolites obtained in cells under the observed conditions, we concluded that silencing of HIF-1α and miR-210 yields apoptosis and, ultimately, apoptotic cell death in A375 melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Špaková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Rabajdová
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Helena Mičková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Mária Mareková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011, Košice, Slovakia
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53
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Dignam JP, Scott TE, Kemp-Harper BK, Hobbs AJ. Animal models of pulmonary hypertension: Getting to the heart of the problem. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:811-837. [PMID: 33724447 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic advances, pulmonary hypertension (PH) remains a fatal disease due to the development of right ventricular (RV) failure. At present, no treatments targeted at the right ventricle are available, and RV function is not widely considered in the preclinical assessment of new therapeutics. Several small animal models are used in the study of PH, including the classic models of exposure to either hypoxia or monocrotaline, newer combinational and genetic models, and pulmonary artery banding, a surgical model of pure RV pressure overload. These models reproduce selected features of the structural remodelling and functional decline seen in patients and have provided valuable insight into the pathophysiology of RV failure. However, significant reversal of remodelling and improvement in RV function remains a therapeutic obstacle. Emerging animal models will provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms governing the transition from adaptive remodelling to a failing right ventricle, aiding the hunt for druggable molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Dignam
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tara E Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton Campus, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara K Kemp-Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Clayton Campus, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian J Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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54
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Macias D, Moore S, Crosby A, Southwood M, Du X, Tan H, Xie S, Vassallo A, Wood AJT, Wallace EM, Cowburn AS. Targeting HIF2α-ARNT hetero-dimerisation as a novel therapeutic strategy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.02061-2019. [PMID: 32972983 PMCID: PMC7930471 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02061-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a destructive disease of the pulmonary vasculature often leading to right heart failure and death. Current therapeutic intervention strategies only slow disease progression. The role of aberrant hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)2α stability and function in the initiation and development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been an area of intense interest for nearly two decades.Here we determine the effect of a novel HIF2α inhibitor (PT2567) on PH disease initiation and progression, using two pre-clinical models of PH. Haemodynamic measurements were performed, followed by collection of heart, lung and blood for pathological, gene expression and biochemical analysis. Blood outgrowth endothelial cells from idiopathic PAH patients were used to determine the impact of HIF2α-inhibition on endothelial function.Global inhibition of HIF2a reduced pulmonary vascular haemodynamics and pulmonary vascular remodelling in both su5416/hypoxia prevention and intervention models. PT2567 intervention reduced the expression of PH-associated target genes in both lung and cardiac tissues and restored plasma nitrite concentration. Treatment of monocrotaline-exposed rodents with PT2567 reduced the impact on cardiovascular haemodynamics and promoted a survival advantage. In vitro, loss of HIF2α signalling in human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells suppresses target genes associated with inflammation, and PT2567 reduced the hyperproliferative phenotype and overactive arginase activity in blood outgrowth endothelial cells from idiopathic PAH patients. These data suggest that targeting HIF2α hetero-dimerisation with an orally bioavailable compound could offer a new therapeutic approach for PAH. Future studies are required to determine the role of HIF in the heterogeneous PAH population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Macias
- CRUK Cambridge Centre Early Detection Programme, Dept of Oncology, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Stephen Moore
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Alexi Crosby
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Southwood
- Dept of Pathology, Papworth Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xinlin Du
- Peloton Therapeutics Inc. (a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Huiling Tan
- Peloton Therapeutics Inc. (a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shanhai Xie
- Peloton Therapeutics Inc. (a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA), Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Eli M Wallace
- Peloton Therapeutics Inc. (a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew S Cowburn
- Dept of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK .,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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55
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Wang L, Zhang X, Cao Y, Ma Q, Mao X, Xu J, Yang Q, Zhou Y, Lucas R, Fulton DJ, Su Y, Barman SA, Hong M, Liu Z, Huo Y. Mice with a specific deficiency of Pfkfb3 in myeloid cells are protected from hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:1055-1072. [PMID: 33300142 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Macrophage infiltration into the lungs is a characteristic of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Glycolysis is the main metabolic pathway for macrophage activation. However, the effect of macrophage glycolysis on the development of PH remains unknown. We investigated the effect of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKBF3), a critical enzyme of macrophage glycolysis, on PH development. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Lung tissues from PH patients were examined by immunostaining with macrophage markers. PH was induced in Wistar rats with SU5416/hypoxia and in mice with hypoxia. Lungs and macrophages were isolated for analysis by RT-PCR, western blot, flow cytometry, and immunostaining. KEY RESULTS Expression of glycolytic molecules was increased in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and lung macrophages of PH patients. These results were also found in lung macrophages of SU5416/hypoxia (Su/Hx)-induced PH rats and hypoxia-induced PH mice. PH was ameliorated in myeloid-specific Pfkfb3-deficient mice (Pfkfb3ΔMϕ ) or mice treated with the PFKFB3 inhibitor 3PO, compared with their controls. Alveolar macrophages of PH Pfkfb3ΔMϕ mice produced lower levels of growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines than those of control mice. Circulating myeloid cells and lung myeloid cells were much fewer in PH Pfkfb3ΔMϕ mice than controls. Mechanistically, overexpression of Hif1a or Hif2a in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) cultured with bone marrow of Pfkfb3ΔMϕ mice restored the decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Myeloid Pfkfb3 deficiency protects mice from PH, thereby suggesting that myeloid PFKFB3 is one of the important targets in the therapeutic effect of PFKFB3 inhibition in PH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yapeng Cao
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Qian Ma
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Mao
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jiean Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Qiuhua Yang
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yaqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - David J Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott A Barman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mei Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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56
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Ruan S, Wang L, Li Y, Li P, Ren Y, Gao R, Ma H. Staple food and health: a comparative study of physiology and gut microbiota of mice fed with potato and traditional staple foods (corn, wheat and rice). Food Funct 2021; 12:1232-1240. [PMID: 33433545 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02264k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of potato and traditional staple foods (corn, wheat and rice) on physiology and gut microbiota were investigated by feeding ICR mice for 12 months. Compared with traditional staple foods, potato significantly improved the food and water intake and survival rate, and inhibited the swelling of viscera of mice, accompanied by a decreased white blood cell count and urine bilirubin content. Furthermore, potato significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium, which are short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria and play very important roles in the maintenance of human health. Meanwhile, potato significantly decreased the relative abundance of spoilage bacteria Pseudomonas and Thiobacillus. Analysis of putative metagenomes indicated that the potato diet upregulated the gene abundance of glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, digestive system and immune system. These findings indicated that potato has the potential to be an excellent substitute for traditional staple foods owing to its good physiological function and favorable gut microbiota modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Ruan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Yunliang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Peiyu Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Yuhan Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China.
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China.
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57
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Haspel J, Kim M, Zee P, Schwarzmeier T, Montagnese S, Panda S, Albani A, Merrow M. A Timely Call to Arms: COVID-19, the Circadian Clock, and Critical Care. J Biol Rhythms 2021; 36:55-70. [PMID: 33573430 PMCID: PMC7882674 DOI: 10.1177/0748730421992587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We currently find ourselves in the midst of a global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the highly infectious novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we discuss aspects of SARS-CoV-2 biology and pathology and how these might interact with the circadian clock of the host. We further focus on the severe manifestation of the illness, leading to hospitalization in an intensive care unit. The most common severe complications of COVID-19 relate to clock-regulated human physiology. We speculate on how the pandemic might be used to gain insights on the circadian clock but, more importantly, on how knowledge of the circadian clock might be used to mitigate the disease expression and the clinical course of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Haspel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Minjee Kim
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Phyllis Zee
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tanja Schwarzmeier
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Adriana Albani
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine IV, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martha Merrow
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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58
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Khan MAAK, Islam ABMMK. SARS-CoV-2 Proteins Exploit Host's Genetic and Epigenetic Mediators for the Annexation of Key Host Signaling Pathways. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:598583. [PMID: 33585554 PMCID: PMC7872968 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.598583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The constant rise of the death toll and cases of COVID-19 has made this pandemic a serious threat to human civilization. Understanding of host-SARS-CoV-2 interaction in viral pathogenesis is still in its infancy. In this study, we utilized a blend of computational and knowledgebase approaches to model the putative virus-host interplay in host signaling pathways by integrating the experimentally validated host interactome proteins and differentially expressed host genes in SARS-CoV-2 infection. While searching for the pathways in which viral proteins interact with host proteins, we discovered various antiviral immune response pathways such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling, autophagy, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, fatty acid oxidation/degradation, and IL-17 signaling. All these pathways can be either hijacked or suppressed by the viral proteins, leading to improved viral survival and life cycle. Aberration in pathways such as HIF-1 signaling and relaxin signaling in the lungs suggests the pathogenic lung pathophysiology in COVID-19. From enrichment analysis, it was evident that the deregulated genes in SARS-CoV-2 infection might also be involved in heart development, kidney development, and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. Anomalies in these pathways might suggest the increased vulnerability of COVID-19 patients with comorbidities. Moreover, we noticed several presumed infection-induced differentially expressed transcription factors and epigenetic factors, such as miRNAs and several histone modifiers, which can modulate different immune signaling pathways, helping both host and virus. Our modeling suggests that SARS-CoV-2 integrates its proteins in different immune signaling pathways and other cellular signaling pathways for developing efficient immune evasion mechanisms while leading the host to a more complicated disease condition. Our findings would help in designing more targeted therapeutic interventions against SARS-CoV-2.
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59
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Ziółkowska-Suchanek I. Mimicking Tumor Hypoxia in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Employing Three-Dimensional In Vitro Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010141. [PMID: 33445709 PMCID: PMC7828188 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is the most common microenvironment feature of lung cancer tumors, which affects cancer progression, metastasis and metabolism. Oxygen induces both proteomic and genomic changes within tumor cells, which cause many alternations in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review defines current knowledge in the field of tumor hypoxia in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including biology, biomarkers, in vitro and in vivo studies and also hypoxia imaging and detection. While classic two-dimensional (2D) in vitro research models reveal some hypoxia dependent manifestations, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models more accurately replicate the hypoxic TME. In this study, a systematic review of the current NSCLC 3D models that have been able to mimic the hypoxic TME is presented. The multicellular tumor spheroid, organoids, scaffolds, microfluidic devices and 3D bioprinting currently being utilized in NSCLC hypoxia studies are reviewed. Additionally, the utilization of 3D in vitro models for exploring biological and therapeutic parameters in the future is described.
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60
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Kumar SN, Vaibhav K, Bastia B, Singh V, Ahluwalia M, Agrawal U, Borgohain D, Raisuddin S, Jain AK. Occupational exposure to pesticides in female tea garden workers and adverse birth outcomes. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22677. [PMID: 33350548 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are globally used to eliminate pests from crops and plants. The increased use of pesticides has posed a serious threat to human health. This study evaluates the effects of pesticide exposure on pregnancy outcomes in tea garden workers (TGW). The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in the maternal blood, placenta, and cord blood of TGW and housewives (HWs). The placental structure and expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α were also analyzed in TGW and HW groups delivering low birth weight (LBW) and normal birth weight (NBW) babies. A significantly decreased AChE activity was observed in maternal blood and cord blood in TGW as compared with HW in the LBW group. However, it did not change significantly in the NBW group (p < .05). The adjusted regression analysis of birth outcomes (birth weight, head circumference, infant's length, and ponderal index) revealed a significant and positive association with the levels of AChE activity in maternal blood, placenta, and cord blood in TGW (p < .05). The histological analysis showed significantly higher placental syncytial knots, chorangiosis, fibrinoid deposition, necrosis, and stromal fibrosis in the LBW group of TGW. Microinfarction, increased fibrinoid deposition, and atypical villi characteristics, such as mushroom-like structures, were observed during scanning electron microscopy along with increased HIF-1α expression in placental tissues of TGW exposed to pesticides. Results suggest that occupational pesticide exposure during pregnancy may decrease AChE activity and cause in utero pathological changes accompanied by an increased HIF-1α expression, which also contributes to placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Nandar Kumar
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Banajit Bastia
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishwajeet Singh
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Meenakshi Ahluwalia
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Usha Agrawal
- Cancer Research, Imaging and Bio-Banking Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepa Borgohain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assam Medical College, Assam, India
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar Jain
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
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61
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Lee H. Vitamin E acetate as linactant in the pathophysiology of EVALI. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110182. [PMID: 33254504 PMCID: PMC7422838 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The recent identification of Vitamin E acetate as one of the causal agents for the e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (EVALI) is a major milestone. In membrane biophysics, Vitamin E is a linactant and a potent modulator of lateral phase separation that effectively reduces the line tension at the two-dimensional phase boundaries and thereby exponentially increases the surface viscosity of the pulmonary surfactant. Disrupted dynamics of respiratory compression-expansion cycling may result in an extensive hypoxemia, leading to an acute respiratory distress entailing the formation of intraalveolar lipid-laden macrophages. Supplementation of pulmonary surfactants which retain moderate level of cholesterol and controlled hypothermia for patients are recommended when the hypothesis that the line-active property of the vitamin derivative drives the pathogenesis of EVALI holds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjun Lee
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
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62
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Prisco SZ, Thenappan T, Prins KW. Treatment Targets for Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:1244-1260. [PMID: 33426379 PMCID: PMC7775863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Right ventricle (RV) dysfunction is the strongest predictor of mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but, at present, there are no therapies directly targeting the failing RV. Although there are shared molecular mechanisms in both RV and left ventricle (LV) dysfunction, there are important differences between the 2 ventricles that may allow for the development of RV-enhancing or RV-directed therapies. In this review, we discuss the current understandings of the dysregulated pathways that promote RV dysfunction, highlight RV-enriched or RV-specific pathways that may be of particular therapeutic value, and summarize recent and ongoing clinical trials that are investigating RV function in PAH. It is hoped that development of RV-targeted therapies will improve quality of life and enhance survival for this deadly disease.
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Key Words
- FAO, fatty acid oxidation
- IPAH, idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
- LV, left ventricle/ventricular
- PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PH, pulmonary hypertension
- RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- RV, right ventricle/ventricular
- RVH, right ventricular hypertrophy
- SSc-PAH, systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension
- clinical trials
- miRNA/miR, micro-ribonucleic acid
- pulmonary arterial hypertension
- right ventricle
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Z. Prisco
- Cardiovascular Division, Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thenappan Thenappan
- Cardiovascular Division, Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kurt W. Prins
- Cardiovascular Division, Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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63
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Islam ABMMK, Khan MAAK. Lung transcriptome of a COVID-19 patient and systems biology predictions suggest impaired surfactant production which may be druggable by surfactant therapy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19395. [PMID: 33173052 PMCID: PMC7656460 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind impairment of lung pathobiology by COVID-19 complicates its clinical management. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression pattern of cells obtained from biopsies of COVID-19-affected patient and compared to the effects observed in typical SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-infected cell-lines. We then compared gene expression patterns of COVID-19-affected lung tissues and SARS-CoV-2-infected cell-lines and mapped those to known lung-related molecular networks, including hypoxia induced responses, lung development, respiratory processes, cholesterol biosynthesis and surfactant metabolism; all of which are suspected to be downregulated following SARS-CoV-2 infection based on the observed symptomatic impairments. Network analyses suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection might lead to acute lung injury in COVID-19 by affecting surfactant proteins and their regulators SPD, SPC, and TTF1 through NSP5 and NSP12; thrombosis regulators PLAT, and EGR1 by ORF8 and NSP12; and mitochondrial NDUFA10, NDUFAF5, and SAMM50 through NSP12. Furthermore, hypoxia response through HIF-1 signaling might also be targeted by SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Drug enrichment analysis of dysregulated genes has allowed us to propose novel therapies, including lung surfactants, respiratory stimulants, sargramostim, and oseltamivir. Our study presents a distinct mechanism of probable virus induced lung damage apart from cytokine storm.
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64
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Mirhadi E, Roufogalis BD, Banach M, Barati M, Sahebkar A. Resveratrol: Mechanistic and therapeutic perspectives in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105287. [PMID: 33157235 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol, trans 3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene, is a stilbenoid polyphenol with a wide range of properties including antioxidant, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. It is found in the skins of grape (50-100 μg/mL), red wine, peanuts, bilberries, blueberries and cranberries. The most important effects of resveratrol have been found in cardiovascular disease, with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) being a major severe and progressive component. Many factors are involved in the pathogenesis of PAH, including enzymes, transcription factors, proteins, chemokines, cytokines, hypoxia, oxidative stress and others. Resveratrol treats PAH through its actions on various signaling pathways. These signaling pathways are mainly suppressed SphK1-mediated NF-κB activation, BMP/SMAD signaling pathway, miR-638 and NR4A3/cyclin D1 pathway, SIRT1 pathway, Nrf-2, HIF-1 α expression, MAPK/ERK1 and PI3K/AKT pathways, and RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway. Resveratrol efficiently inhibits the proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and right ventricular remodeling, which are underlying processes leading to enhanced PAH. While supportive evidence from randomized controlled trials is yet to be available, current in vitro and in vivo studies seem to be convincing and suggest a therapeutic promise for the use of resveratrol in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Mirhadi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Basil D Roufogalis
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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65
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Liu PJ, Balfe P, McKeating JA, Schilling M. Oxygen Sensing and Viral Replication: Implications for Tropism and Pathogenesis. Viruses 2020; 12:E1213. [PMID: 33113858 PMCID: PMC7693908 DOI: 10.3390/v12111213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to detect and respond to varying oxygen tension is an essential prerequisite to life. Several mechanisms regulate the cellular response to oxygen including the prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)/factor inhibiting HIF (FIH)-hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway, cysteamine (2-aminoethanethiol) dioxygenase (ADO) system, and the lysine-specific demethylases (KDM) 5A and KDM6A. Using a systems-based approach we discuss the literature on oxygen sensing pathways in the context of virus replication in different tissues that experience variable oxygen tension. Current information supports a model where the PHD-HIF pathway enhances the replication of viruses infecting tissues under low oxygen, however, the reverse is true for viruses with a selective tropism for higher oxygen environments. Differences in oxygen tension and associated HIF signaling may play an important role in viral tropism and pathogenesis. Thus, pharmaceutical agents that modulate HIF activity could provide novel treatment options for viral infections and associated pathological conditions.
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66
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SMARCB1 Promotes Ubiquitination and Degradation of NR4A3 via Direct Interaction Driven by ROS in Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2048210. [PMID: 33163142 PMCID: PMC7604603 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2048210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 (NR4A3) protects the vascular endothelial cell (VEC) against hypoxia stress, whose expression is primarily reported to be governed at a transcriptional level. However, the regulation of NR4A3 in the protein level is largely unknown. Here, we report that NR4A3 protein abundance is decreased immensely in VEC injury induced by reoxygenation after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD-R), which is significantly blocked by the administration of the antioxidative steroid TRIOL. Moreover, the notable improvement of NR4A3 and the alleviation of pulmonary endothelial barrier hyperpermeability induced by acute hypobaric hypoxia in cynomolgus monkeys are also observed after TRIOL administration. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreases NR4A3 protein abundance in VEC under OGD-R condition, which is reversed by TRIOL and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). TRIOL dose-dependently increases the NR4A3 protein level by inhibiting ubiquitination and ubiquitin proteasome system- (UPS-) mediated degradation rather than promoting its transcription. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we further identify the interaction between NR4A3 and SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 (SMARCB1), and the DNA-binding domain of NR4A3 is required for this interaction. Knockdown of SMARCB1 reduces ubiquitination and degradation of NR4A3, suggesting the proubiquitylation effect of this interaction which is enhanced by ROS in VEC injury induced by OGD-R. In summary, our study here for the first time reveals a posttranslational regulation in SMARCB1-mediated NR4A3 protein degradation which is driven by ROS, providing further understanding of the impaired regulation of NR4A3-mediated prosurvival pathways under pathological condition in VEC.
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67
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Hirsch K, Taglauer E, Seedorf G, Callahan C, Mandell E, White CW, Kourembanas S, Abman SH. Perinatal Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Stabilization Preserves Lung Alveolar and Vascular Growth in Experimental Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:1146-1158. [PMID: 32551816 PMCID: PMC7560790 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0601oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Antenatal inflammation with placental dysfunction is strongly associated with high bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) risk in preterm infants. Whether antenatal or postnatal HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) augmentation can preserve lung structure and function and prevent pulmonary hypertension after intrauterine inflammation is controversial.Objectives: To determine whether antenatal or postnatal prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor (PHi) therapy increases lung HIF expression, preserves lung growth and function, and prevents pulmonary hypertension in a rat model of chorioamnionitis-induced BPD caused by antenatal inflammation.Methods: Endotoxin (ETX) was administered to pregnant rats by intraamniotic injection at Embryonic Day 20, and pups were delivered by cesarean section at Embryonic Day 22. Selective PHi drugs, dimethyloxalylglycine or GSK360A, were administered into the amniotic space at Embryonic Day 20 or after birth by intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks. Placentas and lung tissue were collected at birth for morphometric and Western blot measurements of HIF-1a, HIF-2a, VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), and eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) protein contents. At Day 14, lung function was assessed, and tissues were harvested to determine alveolarization by radial alveolar counts, pulmonary vessel density, and right ventricle hypertrophy (RVH).Measurements and Main Results: Antenatal PHi therapy preserves lung alveolar and vascular growth and lung function and prevents RVH after intrauterine ETX exposure. Antenatal administration of PHi markedly upregulates lung HIF-1a, HIF-2a, VEGF, and eNOS expression after ETX exposure.Conclusions: HIF augmentation improves lung structure and function, prevents RVH, and improves placental structure following antenatal ETX exposure. We speculate that antenatal or postnatal PHi therapy may provide novel strategies to prevent BPD due to antenatal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellen Hirsch
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center and,Medical Student Research Track, School of Medicine, and
| | - Elizabeth Taglauer
- Division of Neonatology, Boston Children’s Hospital–Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Gregory Seedorf
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center and,Pediatric Pulmonology Clinic, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado,Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carly Callahan
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Carl W. White
- Pediatric Pulmonology Clinic, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado,Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Neonatology, Boston Children’s Hospital–Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Steven H. Abman
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center and,Pediatric Pulmonology Clinic, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado,Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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68
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Mandell EW, Ryan S, Seedorf GJ, Gonzalez T, Smith BJ, Fleet JC, Abman SH. Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency Causes Sustained Impairment of Lung Structure and Function and Increases Susceptibility to Hyperoxia-induced Lung Injury in Infant Rats. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:79-91. [PMID: 32135073 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0295oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) during pregnancy is associated with increased respiratory morbidities and risk for chronic lung disease after preterm birth. However, the direct effects of maternal VDD on perinatal lung structure and function and whether maternal VDD increases the susceptibility of lung injury due to hyperoxia are uncertain. In the present study, we sought to determine whether maternal VDD is sufficient to impair lung structure and function and whether VDD increases the impact of hyperoxia on the developing rat lung. Four-week-old rats were fed VDD chow and housed in a room shielded from ultraviolet A/B light to achieve 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations <10 ng/ml at mating and throughout lactation. Lung structure was assessed at 2 weeks for radial alveolar count, mean linear intercept, pulmonary vessel density, and lung function (lung compliance and resistance). The effects of hyperoxia for 2 weeks after birth were assessed after exposure to fraction of inspired oxygen of 0.95. At 2 weeks, VDD offspring had decreased alveolar and vascular growth and abnormal airway reactivity and lung function. Impaired lung structure and function in VDD offspring were similar to those observed in control rats exposed to postnatal hyperoxia alone. Maternal VDD causes sustained abnormalities of distal lung growth, increases in airway hyperreactivity, and abnormal lung mechanics during infancy. These changes in VDD pups were as severe as those measured after exposure to postnatal hyperoxia alone. We speculate that antenatal disruption of vitamin D signaling increases the risk for late-childhood respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon Ryan
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center.,Section of Neonatology, and
| | - Gregory J Seedorf
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center.,Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tania Gonzalez
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center.,Section of Neonatology, and
| | - Bradford J Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - James C Fleet
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, and.,Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Steven H Abman
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center.,Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
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69
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Wang Y, Franks JM, Yang M, Toledo DM, Wood TA, Hinchcliff M, Whitfield ML. Regulator combinations identify systemic sclerosis patients with more severe disease. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137567. [PMID: 32721949 PMCID: PMC7526449 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder that results in skin fibrosis, autoantibody production, and internal organ dysfunction. We previously identified 4 “intrinsic” subsets of SSc based upon skin gene expression that are found across organ systems. Gene expression regulators that underlie the SSc-intrinsic subsets, or are associated with clinical covariates, have not been systematically characterized. Here, we present a computational framework to calculate the activity scores of gene expression regulators and identify their associations with SSc clinical outcomes. We found that regulator activity scores can reproduce the intrinsic molecular subsets, with distinct sets of regulators identified for inflammatory, fibroproliferative, limited, and normal-like samples. Regulators most highly correlated with modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS) also varied by intrinsic subset. We identified subgroups of patients with fibroproliferative and inflammatory SSc with more severe pathophenotypes, such as higher MRSS and increased likelihood of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Using an independent cohort, we show that the group with more severe ILD was more likely to show forced vital capacity decline over a period of 36–54 months. Our results demonstrate an association among the activation of regulators, gene expression subsets, and clinical variables that can identify patients with SSc with more severe disease. An association between the activation of regulators, gene expression subsets, and clinical variables identifies systemic sclerosis patients with more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jennifer M Franks
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Monica Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Diana M Toledo
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Tammara A Wood
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Monique Hinchcliff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Yale School of Medicine, Section of Allergy, Rheumatology and Immunology, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael L Whitfield
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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70
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George MP, Gladwin MT, Graham BB. Exploring New Therapeutic Pathways in Pulmonary Hypertension. Metabolism, Proliferation, and Personalized Medicine. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:279-292. [PMID: 32453969 PMCID: PMC7462335 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0099tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we explore the main themes from the 62nd Annual Aspen Lung Conference (hypoxia, cellular metabolism, inflammatory pathways, aberrant proliferation, and personalized medicine) and highlight challenges and opportunities in the coming decade of pulmonary vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Patricia George
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Mark T. Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian B. Graham
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California; and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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71
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The Role and Regulation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells in Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Hypertens 2020; 2020:1478291. [PMID: 32850144 PMCID: PMC7441461 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1478291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is one of the most devastating cardiovascular diseases worldwide and it draws much attention from numerous scientists. As an indispensable part of pulmonary artery, smooth muscle cells are worthy of being carefully investigated. To elucidate the pathogenesis of PH, several theories focusing on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC), such as hyperproliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and cancer theory, have been proposed and widely studied. Here, we tried to summarize the studies, concentrating on the role of PASMC in the development of PH, feasible molecular basis to intervene, and potential treatment to PH.
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72
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Gaikwad AV, Eapen MS, McAlinden KD, Chia C, Larby J, Myers S, Dey S, Haug G, Markos J, Glanville AR, Sohal SS. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:1027-1043. [PMID: 32659128 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1795832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible fibrotic disease associated with respiratory failure. The disease remains idiopathic, but repeated alveolar epithelium injury, disruption of alveolar-capillary integrity, abnormal vascular repair, and pulmonary vascular remodeling are considered possible pathogenic mechanisms. Also, the development of comorbidities such as pulmonary hypertension (PH) could further impact disease outcome, quality of life and survival rates in IPF. AREAS COVERED The current review provides a comprehensive literature survey of the mechanisms involved in the development and manifestations of IPF and their links to PH pathology. This review also provides the current understanding of molecular mechanisms that link the two pathologies and will specifically decipher the role of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) along with the possible triggers of EndMT. The possibility of targeting EndMT as a therapeutic option in IPF is discussed. EXPERT OPINION With a steady increase in prevalence and mortality, IPF is no longer considered a rare disease. Thus, it is of utmost importance and urgency that the underlying profibrotic pathways and mechanisms are fully understood, to enable the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Vijay Gaikwad
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia
| | - Mathew Suji Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia
| | - Kielan D McAlinden
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia
| | - Collin Chia
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital , Launceston, Australia
| | - Josie Larby
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital , Launceston, Australia
| | - Stephen Myers
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia
| | - Surajit Dey
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia
| | - Greg Haug
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital , Launceston, Australia
| | - James Markos
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital , Launceston, Australia
| | - Allan R Glanville
- Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital , Sydney, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia
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Wei S, Gao L, Wu C, Qin F, Yuan J. Role of the lysyl oxidase family in organ development (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:163-172. [PMID: 32536990 PMCID: PMC7282176 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase proteins (LOXs) are amine oxidases, which are mainly located in smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts and serve an important role in the formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in a copper-dependent manner. Owing to the ability of LOX proteins to modulate crosslinking between collagens and to promote the deposition of other fibers, they serve crucially in organogenesis and the subsequent organ development, as well as disease initiation and progression. In addition, ECM formation significantly influences organ morphological formation in both cancer- and non-tumor-related diseases, in addition to cellular epigenetic transformation and migration, under the influence of LOXs. A number of different signaling pathways regulate the LOXs expression and their enzymatic activation. The tissue remodeling and transformation process shares some resemblance between oncogenesis and embryogenesis. Additionally the roles that LOXs serve appeared to be stressed during oncogenesis and tumor metastasis. It has also been indicated LOXs have a noteworthy role in non-tumor diseases. Nonetheless, the role of LOXs in systemic or local organ development and disease control remains unknown. In the present study, the essential roles that LOXs play in embryogenesis were unveiled partially, whereas the role of LOXs in organ or systematic development requires further investigations. The present review aimed to discuss the roles of members of the LOX family in the context of the remodeling of organogenesis and organ development. In addition, the consequences of the malfunction of these proteins related to the development of abnormalities and resulting diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzun Wei
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Liang Gao
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Changjing Wu
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qin
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jiuhong Yuan
- Andrology Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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74
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Moya EA, Go A, CB K, Fu Z, TS S, FL P. Neuronal HIF-1α in the nucleus tractus solitarius contributes to ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia. J Physiol 2020; 598:2021-2034. [PMID: 32026480 PMCID: PMC7230006 DOI: 10.1113/jp279331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS We hypothesized that hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in CNS respiratory centres is necessary for ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia (VAH); VAH is a time-dependent increase in baseline ventilation and the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) occurring over days to weeks of chronic sustained hypoxia (CH). Constitutive deletion of HIF-1α in CNS neurons in transgenic mice tended to blunt the increase in HVR that occurs in wild-type mice with CH. Conditional deletion of HIF-1α in glutamatergic neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarius during CH significantly decreased ventilation in acute hypoxia but not normoxia in CH mice. These effects are not explained by changes in metabolic rate, nor CO2 , and there were no changes in the HVR in normoxic mice. HIF-1α mediated changes in gene expression in CNS respiratory centres are necessary in addition to plasticity of arterial chemoreceptors for normal VAH. ABSTRACT Chronic hypoxia (CH) produces a time-dependent increase of resting ventilation and the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) that is called ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia (VAH). VAH involves plasticity in arterial chemoreceptors and the CNS [e.g. nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS)], although the signals for this plasticity are not known. We hypothesized that hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), an O2 -sensitive transcription factor, is necessary in the NTS for normal VAH. We tested this in two mouse models using loxP-Cre gene deletion. First, HIF-1α was constitutively deleted in CNS neurons (CNS-HIF-1α-/- ) by breeding HIF-1α floxed mice with mice expressing Cre-recombinase driven by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα promoter. Second, HIF-1α was deleted in NTS neurons in adult mice (NTS-HIF-1α-/- ) by microinjecting adeno-associated virus that expressed Cre-recombinase in HIF-1α floxed mice. In normoxic control mice, HIF-1α deletion in the CNS or NTS did not affect ventilation, nor the acute HVR (10-15 min hypoxic exposure). In mice acclimatized to CH for 1 week, ventilation in hypoxia was blunted in CNS-HIF-1α-/- and significantly decreased in NTS-HIF-1α-/- compared to control mice (P < 0.0001). These changes were not explained by differences in metabolic rate or CO2 . Immunofluorescence showed that HIF-1α deletion in NTS-HIF-1α-/- was restricted to glutamatergic neurons. The results indicate that HIF-1α is a necessary signal for VAH and the previously described plasticity in glutamatergic neurotransmission in the NTS with CH. HIF-1α deletion had no effect on the increase in normoxic ventilation with acclimatization to CH, indicating this is a distinct mechanism from the increased HVR with VAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban A. Moya
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0623, USA
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, 8340589, Chile
| | - A Go
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0623, USA
| | - Kim CB
- Providence Medical Institute, Torrance, California, 90503, USA
| | - Z Fu
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0623, USA
| | - Simonson TS
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0623, USA
| | - Powell FL
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0623, USA
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75
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Pullamsetti SS, Nayakanti S, Chelladurai P, Mamazhakypov A, Mansouri S, Savai R, Seeger W. Cancer and pulmonary hypertension: Learning lessons and real-life interplay. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2020; 2020:e202010. [PMID: 33150154 PMCID: PMC7590929 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2020.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the scientific reasons that support the intriguing vision of pulmonary hypertension (PH) as a disease with a cancer-like nature and to understand whether this point of view may have fruitful consequences for the overall management of PH. This review compares cancer and PH in view of Hanahan and Weinberg’s principles (i.e., hallmarks of cancer) with an emphasis on hyperproliferative, metabolic, and immune/inflammatory aspects of the disease. In addition, this review provides a perspective on the role of transcription factors and chromatin and epigenetic aberrations, besides genetics, as “common driving mechanisms” of PH hallmarks and the foreseeable use of transcription factor/epigenome targeting as multitarget approach against the hallmarks of PH. Thus, recognition of the widespread applicability and analogy of these concepts will increasingly affect the development of new means of PH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Sreenath Nayakanti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Prakash Chelladurai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Argen Mamazhakypov
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Siavash Mansouri
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany
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76
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Guan R, Wang J, Li D, Li Z, Liu H, Ding M, Cai Z, Liang X, Yang Q, Long Z, Chen L, Liu W, Sun D, Yao H, Lu W. Hydrogen sulfide inhibits cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and injury in alveolar epithelial cells by suppressing PHD2/HIF-1α/MAPK signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 81:105979. [PMID: 31771816 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary fibrosis (COPD) is a chronic and fatal lung disease with few treatment options. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a donor of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), was found to alleviate cigarette smoke (CS)-induced emphysema in mice, however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been clarified. In this study, we investigated its effects on COPD in a CS-induced mouse model in vivo and in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-stimulated alveolar epithelial A549 cells in vitro. The results showed that NaHS not only relieved emphysema, but also improved pulmonary function in CS-exposed mice. NaHS significantly increased the expressions of tight junction proteins (i.e., ZO-1, Occludin and claudin-1), and reduced apoptosis and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) in CS-exposed mouse lungs and CSE-incubated A549 cells, indicating H2S inhibits CS-induced inflammation, injury and apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells. NaHS also upregulated prolyl hydroxylase (PHD)2, and suppressed hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression in vivo and in vitro, suggesting H2S inhibits CS-induced activation of PHD2/HIF-1α axis. Moreover, NaHS inhibited CS-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK in vivo and in vitro, and treatment with their inhibitors reversed CSE-induced ZO-1 expression and inflammation in A549 cells. These results suggest that NaHS may prevent emphysema via the suppression of PHD2/HIF-1α/MAPK signaling pathway, and subsequently inhibition of inflammation, epithelial cell injury and apoptosis, and may be a novel strategy for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Defu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingjing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Departments of Respiratory and Critical Diseases, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhou Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Long
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingzhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Diseases, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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77
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Paci P, Fiscon G, Conte F, Licursi V, Morrow J, Hersh C, Cho M, Castaldi P, Glass K, Silverman EK, Farina L. Integrated transcriptomic correlation network analysis identifies COPD molecular determinants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3361. [PMID: 32099002 PMCID: PMC7042269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous syndrome. Network-based analysis implemented by SWIM software can be exploited to identify key molecular switches - called "switch genes" - for the disease. Genes contributing to common biological processes or defining given cell types are usually co-regulated and co-expressed, forming expression network modules. Consistently, we found that the COPD correlation network built by SWIM consists of three well-characterized modules: one populated by switch genes, all up-regulated in COPD cases and related to the regulation of immune response, inflammatory response, and hypoxia (like TIMP1, HIF1A, SYK, LY96, BLNK and PRDX4); one populated by well-recognized immune signature genes, all up-regulated in COPD cases; one where the GWAS genes AGER and CAVIN1 are the most representative module genes, both down-regulated in COPD cases. Interestingly, 70% of AGER negative interactors are switch genes including PRDX4, whose activation strongly correlates with the activation of known COPD GWAS interactors SERPINE2, CD79A, and POUF2AF1. These results suggest that SWIM analysis can identify key network modules related to complex diseases like COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Paci
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Fiscon
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Conte
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Licursi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jarrett Morrow
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Glass
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Farina
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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78
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Ceci C, Atzori MG, Lacal PM, Graziani G. Role of VEGFs/VEGFR-1 Signaling and its Inhibition in Modulating Tumor Invasion: Experimental Evidence in Different Metastatic Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1388. [PMID: 32085654 PMCID: PMC7073125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family members, VEGF-A, placenta growth factor (PlGF), and to a lesser extent VEGF-B, play an essential role in tumor-associated angiogenesis, tissue infiltration, and metastasis formation. Although VEGF-A can activate both VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 membrane receptors, PlGF and VEGF-B exclusively interact with VEGFR-1. Differently from VEGFR-2, which is involved both in physiological and pathological angiogenesis, in the adult VEGFR-1 is required only for pathological angiogenesis. Besides this role in tumor endothelium, ligand-mediated stimulation of VEGFR-1 expressed in tumor cells may directly induce cell chemotaxis and extracellular matrix invasion. Furthermore, VEGFR-1 activation in myeloid progenitors and tumor-associated macrophages favors cancer immune escape through the release of immunosuppressive cytokines. These properties have prompted a number of preclinical and clinical studies to analyze VEGFR-1 involvement in the metastatic process. The aim of the present review is to highlight the contribution of VEGFs/VEGFR-1 signaling in the progression of different tumor types and to provide an overview of the therapeutic approaches targeting VEGFR-1 currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ceci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Maria Grazia Atzori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Pedro Miguel Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, “Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico”, IDI-IRCCS, Via dei Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy;
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.G.A.)
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79
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Yuan Y, Zhou Y, Li Y, Hill C, Ewing RM, Jones MG, Davies DE, Jiang Z, Wang Y. Deconvolution of RNA-Seq Analysis of Hyperbaric Oxygen-Treated Mice Lungs Reveals Mesenchymal Cell Subtype Changes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1371. [PMID: 32085618 PMCID: PMC7039706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is widely applied to treat several hypoxia-related diseases. Previous studies have focused on the immediate effect of HBO-exposure induced oxidative stress on the lungs, but knowledge regarding the chronic effects from repetitive HBO exposure is limited, especially at the gene expression level. We found that repetitive HBO exposure did not alter the morphology of murine lungs. However, by deconvolution of RNA-seq from those mice lungs using CIBERSORTx and the expression profile matrices of 8 mesenchymal cell subtypes obtained from bleomycin-treated mouse lungs, we identify several mesenchymal cell subtype changes. These include increases in Col13a1 matrix fibroblasts, mesenchymal progenitors and mesothelial cell populations and decreases in lipofibroblasts, endothelial and Pdgfrb high cell populations. Our data suggest that repetitive HBO exposure may affect biological processes in the lungs such as response to wounding, extracellular matrix, vasculature development and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yilu Zhou
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Yali Li
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Charlotte Hill
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Rob M Ewing
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Mark G Jones
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Donna E Davies
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Zhenglin Jiang
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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80
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Stable isotope metabolomics of pulmonary artery smooth muscle and endothelial cells in pulmonary hypertension and with TGF-beta treatment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:413. [PMID: 31942023 PMCID: PMC6962446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and endothelial cells (PAECs) contributes to the pathology of pulmonary hypertension (PH), but changes in substrate uptake and how substrates are utilized have not been fully characterized. We hypothesized stable isotope metabolomics would identify increased glucose, glutamine and fatty acid uptake and utilization in human PASMCs and PAECs from PH versus control specimens, and that TGF-β treatment would phenocopy these metabolic changes. We used 13C-labeled glucose, glutamine or a long-chain fatty acid mixture added to cell culture media, and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to detect and quantify 13C-labeled metabolites. We found PH PASMCs had increased glucose uptake and utilization by glycolysis and the pentose shunt, but no changes in glutamine or fatty acid uptake or utilization. Diseased PAECs had increased proximate glycolysis pathway intermediates, less pentose shunt flux, increased anaplerosis from glutamine, and decreased fatty acid β-oxidation. TGF-β treatment increased glycolysis in PASMCs, but did not recapitulate the PAEC disease phenotype. In TGF-β-treated PASMCs, glucose, glutamine and fatty acids all contributed carbons to the TCA cycle. In conclusion, PASMCs and PAECs collected from PH subjects have significant changes in metabolite uptake and utilization, partially recapitulated by TGF-β treatment.
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81
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Hu CJ, Poth JM, Zhang H, Flockton A, Laux A, Kumar S, McKeon B, Mouradian G, Li M, Riddle S, Pugliese SC, Brown RD, Wallace EM, Graham BB, Frid MG, Stenmark KR. Suppression of HIF2 signalling attenuates the initiation of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.00378-2019. [PMID: 31515405 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00378-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Most published studies addressing the role of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension development employ models that may not recapitulate the clinical setting, including the use of animals with pre-existing lung/vascular defects secondary to embryonic HIF ablation or activation. Furthermore, critical questions including how and when HIF signalling contributes to hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension remain unanswered.Normal adult rodents in which global HIF1 or HIF2 was inhibited by inducible gene deletion or pharmacological inhibition (antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and small molecule inhibitors) were exposed to short-term (4 days) or chronic (4-5 weeks) hypoxia. Haemodynamic studies were performed, the animals euthanised, and lungs and hearts obtained for pathological and transcriptomic analysis. Cell-type-specific HIF signals for pulmonary hypertension initiation were determined in normal pulmonary vascular cells in vitro and in mice (using cell-type-specific HIF deletion).Global Hif1a deletion in mice did not prevent hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension at 5 weeks. Mice with global Hif2a deletion did not survive long-term hypoxia. Partial Hif2a deletion or Hif2-ASO (but not Hif1-ASO) reduced vessel muscularisation, increases in pulmonary arterial pressures and right ventricular hypertrophy in mice exposed to 4-5 weeks of hypoxia. A small molecule HIF2 inhibitor (PT2567) significantly attenuated early events (monocyte recruitment and vascular cell proliferation) in rats exposed to 4 days of hypoxia, as well as vessel muscularisation, tenascin C accumulation and pulmonary hypertension development in rats exposed to 5 weeks of hypoxia. In vitro, HIF2 induced a distinct set of genes in normal human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells, mediating inflammation and proliferation of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Endothelial Hif2a knockout prevented hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice.Inhibition of HIF2 (but not HIF1) can provide a therapeutic approach to prevent the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Future studies are needed to investigate the role of HIFs in pulmonary hypertension progression and reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jun Hu
- Dept of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,These authors share first authorship.,These authors are joint corresponding authors
| | - Jens M Poth
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Dept of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,These authors share first authorship
| | - Hui Zhang
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amanda Flockton
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aya Laux
- Dept of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brittany McKeon
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gary Mouradian
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Min Li
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Suzette Riddle
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Steven C Pugliese
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - R Dale Brown
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Brian B Graham
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Maria G Frid
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatrics-Critical Care, Depts of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA .,These authors are joint corresponding authors
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Suresh MV, Balijepalli S, Zhang B, Singh VV, Swamy S, Panicker S, Dolgachev VA, Subramanian C, Ramakrishnan SK, Thomas B, Rao TC, Delano MJ, Machado-Aranda D, Shah YM, Raghavendran K. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-1α Promotes Inflammation and Injury Following Aspiration-Induced Lung Injury in Mice. Shock 2019; 52:612-621. [PMID: 30601332 PMCID: PMC6591116 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acid aspiration-induced lung injury is a common disease in the intensive care unit (ICU) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is a major transcription factor responsible for regulating the cellular response to changes in oxygen tension. A clear understanding of the function of HIF-1α in lung inflammatory response is currently lacking. Here, we sought to determine the role of HIF-1α in type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) in the generation of the acute inflammatory response following gastric aspiration (GA). GA led to profound hypoxia at very early time points following GA. This correlated to a robust increase in HIF-1α, tissue albumin and pro-inflammatory mediators following GA in AECs. The extent of lung injury and the release of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines were significantly reduced in HIF-1α (-/-) mice. Finally, we report that HIF-1α upregulation of the acute inflammatory response is dependent on NF-κB following GA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Boya Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | | | - Samantha Swamy
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | | | | | | | | | - Bivin Thomas
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Tejeshwar C. Rao
- Department of Cell, Development and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | | | | | - Yatrik M. Shah
- Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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83
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Hayes D, Wilson KC, Krivchenia K, Hawkins SMM, Balfour-Lynn IM, Gozal D, Panitch HB, Splaingard ML, Rhein LM, Kurland G, Abman SH, Hoffman TM, Carroll CL, Cataletto ME, Tumin D, Oren E, Martin RJ, Baker J, Porta GR, Kaley D, Gettys A, Deterding RR. Home Oxygen Therapy for Children. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 199:e5-e23. [PMID: 30707039 PMCID: PMC6802853 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201812-2276st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Home oxygen therapy is often required in children with chronic respiratory conditions. This document provides an evidence-based clinical practice guideline on the implementation, monitoring, and discontinuation of home oxygen therapy for the pediatric population. Methods: A multidisciplinary panel identified pertinent questions regarding home oxygen therapy in children, conducted systematic reviews of the relevant literature, and applied the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach to rate the quality of evidence and strength of clinical recommendations. Results: After considering the panel’s confidence in the estimated effects, the balance of desirable (benefits) and undesirable (harms and burdens) consequences of treatment, patient values and preferences, cost, and feasibility, recommendations were developed for or against home oxygen therapy specific to pediatric lung and pulmonary vascular diseases. Conclusions: Although home oxygen therapy is commonly required in the care of children, there is a striking lack of empirical evidence regarding implementation, monitoring, and discontinuation of supplemental oxygen therapy. The panel formulated and provided the rationale for clinical recommendations for home oxygen therapy based on scant empirical evidence, expert opinion, and clinical experience to aid clinicians in the management of these complex pediatric patients and identified important areas for future research.
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84
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Rahmani S, Defferrari MS, Wakarchuk WW, Antonescu CN. Energetic adaptations: Metabolic control of endocytic membrane traffic. Traffic 2019; 20:912-931. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | - Warren W. Wakarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Costin N. Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
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85
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Sadaghianloo N, Contenti J, Dardik A, Mazure NM. Role of Hypoxia and Metabolism in the Development of Neointimal Hyperplasia in Arteriovenous Fistulas. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215387. [PMID: 31671790 PMCID: PMC6862436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For patients with end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis, their vascular access is both their lifeline and their Achilles heel. Despite being recommended as primary vascular access, the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) shows sub-optimal results, with about 50% of patients needing a revision during the year following creation. After the AVF is created, the venous wall must adapt to new environment. While hemodynamic changes are responsible for the adaptation of the extracellular matrix and activation of the endothelium, surgical dissection and mobilization of the vein disrupt the vasa vasorum, causing wall ischemia and oxidative stress. As a consequence, migration and proliferation of vascular cells participate in venous wall thickening by a mechanism of neointimal hyperplasia (NH). When aggressive, NH causes stenosis and AVF dysfunction. In this review we show how hypoxia, metabolism, and flow parameters are intricate mechanisms responsible for the development of NH and stenosis during AVF maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirvana Sadaghianloo
- Centre de Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice CEDEX 03, France.
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06000 Nice, France.
| | - Julie Contenti
- Centre de Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice CEDEX 03, France.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06000 Nice, France.
| | - Alan Dardik
- Department of Surgery and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
| | - Nathalie M Mazure
- Centre de Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, 151 Route de St Antoine de Ginestière, BP2 3194, 06204 Nice CEDEX 03, France.
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06000 Nice, France.
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86
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Bunge JJH, Taccone FS, Reis Miranda D. Letter in reply. J Crit Care 2019; 54:268. [PMID: 31648840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen J H Bunge
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Intensive Care, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands.
| | - Fabio Silvio Taccone
- Cliniques Universitaires de Bruxelles, Department of Intensive Care, Hopital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Dinis Reis Miranda
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Intensive Care, The Netherlands
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87
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Role of HIF-1α-miR30a-Snai1 Axis in Neonatal Hyperoxic Lung Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8327486. [PMID: 31772711 PMCID: PMC6854945 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8327486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is characterized by a severe impairment in lung alveolarization and vascular development. We have previously shown that pulmonary angiogenesis is preserved in hyperoxia-exposed female mice accompanied by increased miR-30a expression, which is a proangiogenic miRNA. Also, miR-30a expression is decreased in human BPD. HIF-1α plays an essential role in postnatal lung development, especially in recovery from hyperoxic injury. Snai1 activation promotes pathological fibrosis through many mechanisms including Endo-MT, which may in turn adversely impact lung vascular development. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that higher miR-30a expression through HIF-1α decreases Snai1 expression in females and attenuates injury in the developing lung. Neonatal male and female mice (C57BL/6) were exposed to hyperoxia (P1-5, 0.95 FiO2) and euthanized on P21. Neonatal human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs; 18-24-week gestation donors; 3/group either sex) were subjected to hyperoxia (95% O2 and 5% CO2) or normoxia (air and 5% CO2) up to 72 h. Snai1 expression was measured in HPMECs in vitro and in neonatal mouse lungs in vivo. Also, Snai1 expression was measured in HPMECs after miR-30a mimic and miR-30a inhibitor treatment. To further establish the potential regulation of miR-30a by Hif-1α, miR-30a expression after Hif-1α inhibition was measured in HPMECs. In vivo, Snai1 expression was decreased in neonatal female lungs compared to males at P7. Increased Snai1 expression was seen in male HPMECs upon exposure to hyperoxia in vitro. Treatment with the miR-30a mimic decreased Snai1 expression in HPMECs, while miR-30a inhibition significantly increased Snai1 expression in HPMECs. siRNA-mediated loss of Hif-1α expression in HPMECs decreased miR-30a expression. Hif-1α may lead to differential sex-specific miR-30a expression and may contribute to protection from hyperoxic lung injury in female neonatal mice through decreased Snai1 expression.
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88
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Iturriaga R, Castillo-Galán S. Potential Contribution of Carotid Body-Induced Sympathetic and Renin-Angiotensin System Overflow to Pulmonary Hypertension in Intermittent Hypoxia. Curr Hypertens Rep 2019; 21:89. [PMID: 31599367 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-019-0995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), featured by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), is an independent risk for systemic hypertension (HTN) and is associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH). The precise mechanisms underlying pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH in OSA are not fully understood. However, it has been suggested that lung tissue hypoxia, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory mediators following CIH exposure may contribute to PH. RECENT FINDINGS New evidences obtained in preclinical OSA models support that an enhanced carotid body (CB) chemosensory reactiveness to oxygen elicits sympathetic and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) overflow, which contributes to HTN. Moreover, the ablation of the CBs abolished the sympathetic hyperactivity and HTN in rodents exposed to CIH. Accordingly, it is plausible that the enhanced CB chemosensory reactivity may contribute to the pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH through the overactivation of the sympathetic-RAS axis. This hypothesis is supported by the facts that (i) CB stimulation increases pulmonary arterial pressure, (ii) denervation of sympathetic fibers in pulmonary arteries reduces pulmonary remodeling and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in humans, and (iii) administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or blockers of Ang II type 1 receptor (ATR1) ameliorates pulmonary remodeling and PH in animal models. In this review, we will discuss the supporting evidence for a plausible contribution of the CB-induced sympathetic-RAS axis overflow on pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH induced by CIH, the main characteristic of OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Iturriaga
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sebastian Castillo-Galán
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
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89
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Sheikh AQ, Saddouk FZ, Ntokou A, Mazurek R, Greif DM. Cell Autonomous and Non-cell Autonomous Regulation of SMC Progenitors in Pulmonary Hypertension. Cell Rep 2019; 23:1152-1165. [PMID: 29694892 PMCID: PMC5959296 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a devastating disease characterized by excessive vascular muscularization. We previously demonstrated primed platelet-derived growth factor receptor β+ (PDGFR-β+)/smooth muscle cell (SMC) marker+ progenitors at the muscular-unmuscular arteriole border in the normal lung, and in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension, a single primed cell migrates distally and expands clonally, giving rise to most of the pathological smooth muscle coating of small arterioles. Little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. Herein, we show that primed cell expression of Kruppel-like factor 4 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α(HIF1-α) are required, respectively, for distal migration and smooth muscle expansion in a sequential manner. In addition, the HIF1-α/PDGF-B axis in endothelial cells non-cell autonomously regulates primed cell induction, proliferation, and differentiation. Finally, myeloid cells transdifferentiate into or fuse with distal arteriole SMCs during hypoxia, and Pdgfb deletion in myeloid cells attenuates pathological muscularization. Thus, primed cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous pathways are attractive therapeutic targets for pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Q Sheikh
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Fatima Zahra Saddouk
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Aglaia Ntokou
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Renata Mazurek
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Daniel M Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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90
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Kovacs L, Cao Y, Han W, Meadows L, Kovacs-Kasa A, Kondrikov D, Verin AD, Barman SA, Dong Z, Huo Y, Su Y. PFKFB3 in Smooth Muscle Promotes Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 200:617-627. [PMID: 30817168 PMCID: PMC6727156 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201812-2290oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Glycolytic shift is implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It remains unknown how glycolysis is increased and how increased glycolysis contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH.Objectives: To determine whether increased glycolysis is caused by 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) and how PFKFB3-driven glycolysis induces vascular remodeling in PAH.Methods: PFKFB3 levels were measured in pulmonary arteries of patients and animals with PAH. Lactate levels were assessed in lungs of animals with PAH and in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Genetic and pharmacologic approaches were used to investigate the role of PFKFB3 in PAH.Measurements and Main Results: Lactate production was elevated in lungs of PAH rodents and in platelet-derived growth factor-treated PASMCs. PFKFB3 protein was higher in pulmonary arteries of patients and rodents with PAH, in PASMCs of patients with PAH, and in platelet-derived growth factor-treated PASMCs. PFKFB3 inhibition by genetic disruption and chemical inhibitor attenuated phosphorylation/activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and calpain-2, and vascular remodeling in PAH rodent models, and reduced platelet-derived growth factor-induced phosphorylation/activation of ERK1/2 and calpain-2, collagen synthesis and proliferation of PASMCs. ERK1/2 inhibition attenuated phosphorylation/activation of calpain-2, and vascular remodeling in Sugen/hypoxia PAH rats, and reduced lactate-induced phosphorylation/activation of calpain-2, collagen synthesis, and proliferation of PASMCs. Calpain-2 inhibition reduced lactate-induced collagen synthesis and proliferation of PASMCs.Conclusions: Upregulated PFKFB3 mediates collagen synthesis and proliferation of PASMCs, contributing to vascular remodeling in PAH. The mechanism is through the elevation of glycolysis and lactate that results in the activation of calpain by ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of calpain-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yapeng Cao
- Vascular Biology Center
- Drug Discovery Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, and
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Vascular Biology Center
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
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91
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Shin S, Kwon YJ, Ye DJ, Baek HS, Kwon TU, Kim D, Chun YJ. Human steroid sulfatase enhances aerobic glycolysis through induction of HIF1α and glycolytic enzymes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2464-2474. [PMID: 31195119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human steroid sulfatase (STS) has been linked with poor prognosis in steroid-associated tumors and represents an important clinical target in cancers, yet the mechanism of STS-induced carcinogenesis remains unclear. To correlate STS with cancer metabolism, we determined the effects of STS on aerobic glycolysis. STS overexpression increased cellular levels of lactic acid, the final product of aerobic glycolysis. Moreover, STS suppressed the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), which represents mitochondrial respiration. Inhibition of STS by the specific inhibitor STX064 recovered STS-induced OCR repression and lactic acid over-production. DHEA, but not DHEA-S, suppressed the OCR level and enhanced lactic acid production. To understand the molecular mechanism of STS-induced cancer metabolism, we measured the expression of glycolytic enzymes hexokinase 2 (HK2) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which was highly upregulated by STS and DHEA at both protein and mRNA levels. HIF1α is a key mediator of aerobic glycolysis, and STS enhanced HIF1α promoter activity, mRNA expression, and protein expression. Down-regulation of HIF1α by siRNA suppressed the HK2 and PKM2 expression induced by both STS and DHEA. HIF1α siRNA also recovered the OCR repression and lactic acid over-production induced by both STS and DHEA. To explore the mechanism in vivo, we produced transgenic mice overexpressing STS and found that STS expression was particularly enhanced in the lung. Consistent with our in vitro results, the expression of HIF1α, HK2, and PKM2 was also increased in mouse lung tissues. In conclusion, we suggest that STS may induce aerobic glycolysis through enhancing HIF1α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Seok Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Uk Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghak Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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92
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Luo Y, Teng X, Zhang L, Chen J, Liu Z, Chen X, Zhao S, Yang S, Feng J, Yan X. CD146-HIF-1α hypoxic reprogramming drives vascular remodeling and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3551. [PMID: 31391533 PMCID: PMC6686016 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vascular remodeling disease of cardiopulmonary units. No cure is currently available due to an incomplete understanding of vascular remodeling. Here we identify CD146-hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) cross-regulation as a key determinant in vascular remodeling and PAH pathogenesis. CD146 is markedly upregulated in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs/SMCs) and in proportion to disease severity. CD146 expression and HIF-1α transcriptional program reinforce each other to physiologically enable PASMCs to adopt a more synthetic phenotype. Disruption of CD146-HIF-1α cross-talk by genetic ablation of Cd146 in SMCs mitigates pulmonary vascular remodeling in chronic hypoxic mice. Strikingly, targeting of this axis with anti-CD146 antibodies alleviates established pulmonary hypertension (PH) and enhances cardiac function in two rodent models. This study provides mechanistic insights into hypoxic reprogramming that permits vascular remodeling, and thus provides proof of concept for anti-remodeling therapy for PAH through direct modulation of CD146-HIF-1α cross-regulation. Vascular remodelling contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Here Luo and colleagues find that increases in CD146 levels drive vascular remodelling in PH through a cross-talk with hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) signalling, and show that inhibition of CD146 can attenuate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongting Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2, 100193, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 North Lishi Road, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Jianan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Sai Yang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101, Beijing, China.
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93
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Rocco SA, Koneva L, Middleton LYM, Thong T, Solanki S, Karram S, Nambunmee K, Harris C, Rozek LS, Sartor MA, Shah YM, Colacino JA. Cadmium Exposure Inhibits Branching Morphogenesis and Causes Alterations Consistent With HIF-1α Inhibition in Human Primary Breast Organoids. Toxicol Sci 2019; 164:592-602. [PMID: 29741670 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental cadmium exposure in vivo disrupts mammary gland differentiation, while exposure of breast cell lines to cadmium causes invasion consistent with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The effects of cadmium on normal human breast stem cells have not been measured. Here, we quantified the effects of cadmium exposure on reduction mammoplasty patient-derived breast stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Using the mammosphere assay and organoid formation in 3D hydrogels, we tested 2 physiologically relevant doses of cadmium, 0.25 and 2.5 µM, and tested for molecular alterations using RNA-seq. We functionally validated our RNA-seq findings with a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α activity reporter line and pharmaceutical inhibition of HIF-1α in organoid formation assays. 2.5 µM cadmium reduced primary mammosphere formation and branching structure organoid formation rates by 33% and 87%, respectively. Despite no changes in mammosphere formation, 0.25 µM cadmium inhibited branching organoid formation in hydrogels by 73%. RNA-seq revealed cadmium downregulated genes associated with extracellular matrix formation and EMT, while upregulating genes associated with metal response including metallothioneins and zinc transporters. In the RNA-seq data, cadmium downregulated HIF-1α target genes including LOXL2, ZEB1, and VIM. Cadmium significantly inhibited HIF-1α activity in a luciferase assay, and the HIF-1α inhibitor acriflavine ablated mammosphere and organoid formation. These findings show that cadmium, at doses relevant to human exposure, inhibited human mammary stem cell proliferation and differentiation, potentially through disruption of HIF-1α activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina A Rocco
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029
| | - Lada Koneva
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics
| | - Lauren Y M Middleton
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029
| | - Tasha Thong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029
| | - Sumeet Solanki
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Sarah Karram
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029
| | - Kowit Nambunmee
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Mae Fah Luong University, Chiang Rai, Thailand, 57100
| | - Craig Harris
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029
| | | | - Yatrik M Shah
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109
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94
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Liu W, Luo M, Fang YY, Wei S, Zhou L, Liu K. Relationship between Occurrence and Progression of Lung Cancer and Nocturnal Intermittent Hypoxia, Apnea and Daytime Sleepiness. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:568-575. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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95
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Acute and chronic hypoxia differentially predispose lungs for metastases. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10246. [PMID: 31308473 PMCID: PMC6629695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oscillations in oxygen levels affect malignant cell growth, survival, and metastasis, but also somatic cell behaviour. In this work, we studied the effect of the differential expression of the two primary hypoxia inducible transcription factor isoforms, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, and pulmonary hypoxia to investigate how the hypoxia response of the vascular endothelium remodels the lung pre-metastatic niche. Molecular responses to acute versus chronic tissue hypoxia have been proposed to involve dynamic HIF stabilization, but the downstream consequences and the extent to which differential lengths of exposure to hypoxia can affect HIF-isoform activation and secondary organ pre-disposition for metastasis is unknown. We used primary pulmonary endothelial cells and mouse models with pulmonary endothelium-specific deletion of HIF-1α or HIF-2α, to characterise their roles in vascular integrity, inflammation and metastatic take after acute and chronic hypoxia. We found that acute hypoxic response results in increased lung metastatic tumours, caused by HIF-1α-dependent endothelial cell death and increased microvascular permeability, in turn facilitating extravasation. This is potentiated by the recruitment and retention of specific myeloid cells that further support a pro-metastatic environment. We also found that chronic hypoxia delays tumour growth to levels similar to those seen in normoxia, and in a HIF-2α-specific fashion, correlating with increased endothelial cell viability and vascular integrity. Deletion of endothelial HIF-2α rendered the lung environment more vulnerable to tumour cell seeding and growth. These results demonstrate that the nature of the hypoxic challenge strongly influences the nature of the endothelial cell response, and affects critical parameters of the pulmonary microenvironment, significantly impacting metastatic burden. Additionally, this work establishes endothelial cells as important players in lung remodelling and metastatic progression.
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96
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Aquino-Gálvez A, González-Ávila G, Jiménez-Sánchez LL, Maldonado-Martínez HA, Cisneros J, Toscano-Marquez F, Castillejos-López M, Torres-Espíndola LM, Velázquez-Cruz R, Rodríguez VHO, Flores-Soto E, Solís-Chagoyán H, Cabello C, Zúñiga J, Romero Y. Dysregulated expression of hypoxia-inducible factors augments myofibroblasts differentiation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2019; 20:130. [PMID: 31234835 PMCID: PMC6591870 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an age-related, progressive and lethal disease, whose pathogenesis is associated with fibroblasts/myofibroblasts foci that produce excessive extracellular matrix accumulation in lung parenchyma. Hypoxia has been described as a determinant factor in its development and progression. However, the role of distinct members of this pathway is not completely described. METHODS By western blot, quantitative PCR, Immunohistochemistry and Immunocitochemistry were evaluated, the expression HIF alpha subunit isoforms 1, 2 & 3 as well, as their role in myofibroblast differentiation in lung tissue and fibroblast cell lines derived from IPF patients. RESULTS Hypoxia signaling pathway was found very active in lungs and fibroblasts from IPF patients, as demonstrated by the abundance of alpha subunits 1 and 2, which further correlated with the increased expression of myofibroblast marker αSMA. In contrast, HIF-3α showed reduced expression associated with its promoter hypermethylation. CONCLUSIONS This study lends further support to the involvement of hypoxia in the pathogenesis of IPF, and poses HIF-3α expression as a potential negative regulator of these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnoldo Aquino-Gálvez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan 4502, 14080, Mexico City, CP, Mexico.
| | - Georgina González-Ávila
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan 4502, 14080, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Laura Lorena Jiménez-Sánchez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan 4502, 14080, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | | | - José Cisneros
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan 4502, 14080, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | | | - Manuel Castillejos-López
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan 4502, 14080, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Edgar Flores-Soto
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Cabello
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan 4502, 14080, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan 4502, 14080, Mexico City, CP, Mexico.,Escuela de medicina y ciencias de la salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yair Romero
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan 4502, 14080, Mexico City, CP, Mexico. .,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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97
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Volumetric optoacoustic tomography enables non-invasive in vivo characterization of impaired heart function in hypoxic conditions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8369. [PMID: 31182733 PMCID: PMC6557887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic hypoxia results in pulmonary hypertension characterized by increased vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular remodeling, changes in functional parameters of the pulmonary vasculature, and right ventricular hypertrophy, which can eventually lead to right heart failure. The underlying mechanisms of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension have still not been fully elucidated while no curative treatment is currently available. Commonly employed pre-clinical analytic methods are largely limited to invasive studies interfering with cardiac tissue or otherwise ex vivo functional studies and histopathology. In this work, we suggest volumetric optoacoustic tomography (VOT) for non-invasive assessment of heart function in response to chronic hypoxia. Mice exposed for 3 consecutive weeks to normoxia or chronic hypoxia were imaged in vivo with heart perfusion tracked by VOT using indocyanide green contrast agent at high temporal (100 Hz) and spatial (200 µm) resolutions in 3D. Unequivocal difference in the pulmonary transit time was revealed between the hypoxic and normoxic conditions concomitant with the presence of pulmonary vascular remodeling within hypoxic models. Furthermore, a beat-to-beat analysis of the volumetric image data enabled identifying and characterizing arrhythmic events in mice exposed to chronic hypoxia. The newly introduced non-invasive methodology for analysis of impaired pulmonary vasculature and heart function under chronic hypoxic exposure provides important inputs into development of early diagnosis and treatment strategies in pulmonary hypertension.
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98
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Yang YD, Li MM, Xu G, Feng L, Zhang EL, Chen J, Chen DW, Gao YQ. Nogo-B Receptor Directs Mitochondria-Associated Membranes to Regulate Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092319. [PMID: 31083380 PMCID: PMC6540177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM) are a well-recognized contact link between the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum that affects mitochondrial biology and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation via the regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+(Ca2+m) influx. Nogo-B receptor (NgBR) plays a vital role in proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and chemoresistance of some tumors. Recent studies have revealed that downregulation of NgBR, which stimulates the proliferation of VSMCs, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of NgBR in MAM and VSMC proliferation. We analyzed the expression of NgBR in pulmonary arteries using a rat model of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH), in which rats were subjected to normoxic recovery after hypoxia. VSMCs exposed to hypoxia and renormoxia were used to assess the alterations in NgBR expression in vitro. The effect of NgBR downregulation and overexpression on VSMC proliferation was explored. The results revealed that NgBR expression was negatively related with VSMCs proliferation. Then, MAM formation and the phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 (IP3R3) was detected. We found that knockdown of NgBR resulted in MAM disruption and augmented the phosphorylation of IP3R3 through pAkt, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction including decreased Ca2+m, respiration and mitochondrial superoxide, increased mitochondrial membrane potential and HIF-1α nuclear localization, which were determined by confocal microscopy and Seahorse XF-96 analyzer. By contrast, NgBR overexpression attenuated IP3R3 phosphorylation and HIF-1α nuclear localization under hypoxia. These results reveal that dysregulation of NgBR promotes VSMC proliferation via MAM disruption and increased IP3R3 phosphorylation, which contribute to the decrease of Ca2+m and mitochondrial impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Dong Yang
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Man-Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Department of High Altitude Physiology & Biology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Lan Feng
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Er-Long Zhang
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - De-Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yu-Qi Gao
- Institute of Medicine and Hygienic Equipment for High Altitude Region, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing 400038, China.
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99
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Mylonis I, Simos G, Paraskeva E. Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and the Regulation of Lipid Metabolism. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030214. [PMID: 30832409 PMCID: PMC6468845 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen deprivation or hypoxia characterizes a number of serious pathological conditions and elicits a number of adaptive changes that are mainly mediated at the transcriptional level by the family of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). The HIF target gene repertoire includes genes responsible for the regulation of metabolism, oxygen delivery and cell survival. Although the involvement of HIFs in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and the switch to anaerobic glycolysis under hypoxia is well established, their role in the control of lipid anabolism and catabolism remains still relatively obscure. Recent evidence indicates that many aspects of lipid metabolism are modified during hypoxia or in tumor cells in a HIF-dependent manner, contributing significantly to the pathogenesis and/or progression of cancer and metabolic disorders. However, direct transcriptional regulation by HIFs has been only demonstrated in relatively few cases, leaving open the exact and isoform-specific mechanisms that underlie HIF-dependency. This review summarizes the evidence for both direct and indirect roles of HIFs in the regulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism as well as the involvement of HIFs in various diseases as demonstrated by studies with transgenic animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Mylonis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
| | - George Simos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada.
| | - Efrosyni Paraskeva
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
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100
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Nova Z, Skovierova H, Calkovska A. Alveolar-Capillary Membrane-Related Pulmonary Cells as a Target in Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040831. [PMID: 30769918 PMCID: PMC6412348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The main function of the lungs is oxygen transport from the atmosphere into the blood circulation, while it is necessary to keep the pulmonary tissue relatively free of pathogens. This is a difficult task because the respiratory system is constantly exposed to harmful substances entering the lungs by inhalation or via the blood stream. Individual types of lung cells are equipped with the mechanisms that maintain pulmonary homeostasis. Because of the clinical significance of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) the article refers to the physiological role of alveolar epithelial cells type I and II, endothelial cells, alveolar macrophages, and fibroblasts. However, all these cells can be damaged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which can reach the airspaces as the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and lead to local and systemic inflammation and toxicity. We also highlight a negative effect of LPS on lung cells related to alveolar-capillary barrier and their response to LPS exposure. Additionally, we describe the molecular mechanism of LPS signal transduction pathway in lung cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Nova
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Henrieta Skovierova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Division of Molecular Medicine, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Andrea Calkovska
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia.
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