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Zhang H, AbdulJabbar K, Moore DA, Akarca A, Enfield KS, Jamal-Hanjani M, Raza SEA, Veeriah S, Salgado R, McGranahan N, Le Quesne J, Swanton C, Marafioti T, Yuan Y. Spatial Positioning of Immune Hotspots Reflects the Interplay between B and T Cells in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1410-1425. [PMID: 36853169 PMCID: PMC10152235 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Beyond tertiary lymphoid structures, a significant number of immune-rich areas without germinal center-like structures are observed in non-small cell lung cancer. Here, we integrated transcriptomic data and digital pathology images to study the prognostic implications, spatial locations, and constitution of immune rich areas (immune hotspots) in a cohort of 935 patients with lung cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas. A high intratumoral immune hotspot score, which measures the proportion of immune hotspots interfacing with tumor islands, was correlated with poor overall survival in lung squamous cell carcinoma but not in lung adenocarcinoma. Lung squamous cell carcinomas with high intratumoral immune hotspot scores were characterized by consistent upregulation of B-cell signatures. Spatial statistical analyses conducted on serial multiplex IHC slides further revealed that only 4.87% of peritumoral immune hotspots and 0.26% of intratumoral immune hotspots were tertiary lymphoid structures. Significantly lower densities of CD20+CXCR5+ and CD79b+ B cells and less diverse immune cell interactions were found in intratumoral immune hotspots compared with peritumoral immune hotspots. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between the percentages of CD8+ T cells and T regulatory cells in intratumoral but not in peritumoral immune hotspots, with tertiary lymphoid structures excluded. These findings suggest that the intratumoral immune hotspots reflect an immunosuppressive niche compared with peritumoral immune hotspots, independent of the distribution of tertiary lymphoid structures. A balance toward increased intratumoral immune hotspots is indicative of a compromised antitumor immune response and poor outcome in lung squamous cell carcinoma. SIGNIFICANCE Intratumoral immune hotspots beyond tertiary lymphoid structures reflect an immunosuppressive microenvironment, different from peritumoral immune hotspots, warranting further study in the context of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyun Zhang
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Khalid AbdulJabbar
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Moore
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ayse Akarca
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katey S.S. Enfield
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Metastasis Lab, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shan E. Ahmed Raza
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Selvaraju Veeriah
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Le Quesne
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Pathology Department, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Marafioti
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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52
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Aoki T, Steidl C. Novel insights into Hodgkin lymphoma biology by single-cell analysis. Blood 2023; 141:1791-1801. [PMID: 36548960 PMCID: PMC10646771 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and rapid development of single-cell technologies mark a paradigm shift in cancer research. Various technology implementations represent powerful tools to understand cellular heterogeneity, identify minor cell populations that were previously hard to detect and define, and make inferences about cell-to-cell interactions at single-cell resolution. Applied to lymphoma, recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing have broadened opportunities to delineate previously underappreciated heterogeneity of malignant cell differentiation states and presumed cell of origin, and to describe the composition and cellular subsets in the ecosystem of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Clinical deployment of an expanding armamentarium of immunotherapy options that rely on targets and immune cell interactions in the TME emphasizes the requirement for a deeper understanding of immune biology in lymphoma. In particular, classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) can serve as a study paradigm because of its unique TME, featuring infrequent tumor cells among numerous nonmalignant immune cells with significant interpatient and intrapatient variability. Synergistic to advances in single-cell sequencing, multiplexed imaging techniques have added a new dimension to describing cellular cross talk in various lymphoma entities. Here, we comprehensively review recent progress using novel single-cell technologies with an emphasis on the TME biology of CHL as an application field. The described technologies, which are applicable to peripheral blood, fresh tissues, and formalin-fixed samples, hold the promise to accelerate biomarker discovery for novel immunotherapeutic approaches and to serve as future assay platforms for biomarker-informed treatment selection, including immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Aoki
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christian Steidl
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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53
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Huang Y, Ba X, Han L, Wang H, Lin W, Chen Z, Tu S. T peripheral helper cells in autoimmune diseases: What do we know? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145573. [PMID: 37077922 PMCID: PMC10106688 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions between T cells and B cells are essential for antibody responses and the development of autoimmune diseases. Recently, a distinct subset of T cells capable of helping B cells was established in synovial fluid, and they were termed peripheral helper T (Tph) cells. PD-1hiCXCR5−CD4+ Tph cells express high levels of CXCL13, which drives the formation of lymphoid aggregates and tertiary lymphoid structures, ultimately facilitating the local production of pathogenic autoantibodies. Tph and T follicular helper cells share some key features but can be distinguished by their surface markers, transcriptional regulation, and migration capability. We summarize recent findings on Tph cells in this review and provide a perspective on their potential roles in a range of autoimmune diseases. More clinical and in-depth mechanistic investigations of Tph cells may help to improve the understanding of pathogenesis and further provide novel therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medcal College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Ba
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Han
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiji Lin
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medcal College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhe Chen, ; Shenghao Tu,
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medcal College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhe Chen, ; Shenghao Tu,
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54
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Gutiérrez-Melo N, Baumjohann D. T follicular helper cells in cancer. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:309-325. [PMID: 36642575 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells provide essential help to B cells for effective antibody-mediated immune responses. Although the crucial function of these CD4+ T cells in infection and vaccination is well established, their involvement in cancer is only beginning to emerge. Increased numbers of Tfh cells in Tfh cell-derived or B cell-associated malignancies are often associated with an unfavorable outcome, whereas in various solid organ tumor types of non-lymphocytic origin, their presence frequently coincides with a better prognosis. We discuss recent advances in understanding how Tfh cell crosstalk with B cells and CD8+ T cells in secondary and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) enhances antitumor immunity, but may also exacerbate immune-related adverse events (irAEs) such as autoimmunity during immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Gutiérrez-Melo
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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55
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Single-cell chemokine receptor profiles delineate the immune contexture of tertiary lymphoid structures in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2023; 558:216105. [PMID: 36841416 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are organized aggregates of immune cells associated with favourable prognosis and response to immunotherapy in cancer, but the immune architecture of TLSs remains poorly elucidated. Here, we hypothesize that the spatial architecture of leukocytes in TLSs can be reconstructed de novo, at least partially, by cell-inherent chemokine receptors profiles. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) revealed 47 subpopulations of leukocytes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). Combined with bulk RNA-seq, we observed that CXCR3, CCR7, CCR6, CXCR5, and CCR1 are TLS-associated chemokine receptors. According to the spatial reference, the cellular atlas with TLS-associated chemokine receptors in HNSC TLSs was elaborately portrayed by multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC). Subsequently, we explored the functions and evolutionary trajectory of cells distributed in TLSs. Our investigation presents an approach to reconstructing the immune architecture of TLSs, which would help boost the antitumor immune response by inducing neogenesis TLSs in HNSC.
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56
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Jiang B, Wang S, Song G, Jiang Q, Fan M, Fang C, Li X, Soh CL, Manes TD, Cheru N, Qin L, Ren P, Jortner B, Wang Q, Quaranta E, Yoo P, Geirsson A, Davis RP, Tellides G, Pober JS, Jane-Wit D. Hedgehog-induced ZFYVE21 promotes chronic vascular inflammation by activating NLRP3 inflammasomes in T cells. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabo3406. [PMID: 36943921 PMCID: PMC10061549 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo3406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The zinc finger protein ZFYVE21 is involved in immune signaling. Using humanized mouse models, primary human cells, and patient samples, we identified a T cell-autonomous role for ZFYVE21 in promoting chronic vascular inflammation associated with allograft vasculopathy. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) stimulated endothelial cells to produce Hedgehog (Hh) ligands, which in turn induced the production of ZFYVE21 in a population of T memory cells with high amounts of the Hh receptor PTCH1 (PTCHhi cells, CD3+CD4+CD45RO+PTCH1hiPD-1hi), vigorous recruitment to injured endothelia, and increased effector responses in vivo. After priming by interferon-γ (IFN-γ), Hh-induced ZFYVE21 activated NLRP3 inflammasome activity in T cells, which potentiated IFN-γ responses. Hh-induced NLRP3 inflammasomes and T cell-specific ZFYVE21 augmented the vascular sequelae of chronic inflammation in mice engrafted with human endothelial cells or coronary arteries that had been subjected to IRI before engraftment. Moreover, the population of PTCHhi T cells producing high amounts of ZFYVE21 was expanded in patients with renal transplant-associated IRI, and sera from these patients expanded this population in control T cells in a manner that depended on Hh signaling. We conclude that Hh-induced ZFYVE21 activates NLRP3 inflammasomes in T cells, thereby promoting chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Division of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Guiyu Song
- Division of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Quan Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Matthew Fan
- Division of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Caodi Fang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xue Li
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Chien Lin Soh
- University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Hills Rd., Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Thomas D Manes
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Nardos Cheru
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lingfeng Qin
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Pengwei Ren
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bianca Jortner
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Qianxun Wang
- Division of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Emma Quaranta
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peter Yoo
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Arnar Geirsson
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Robert P Davis
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jordan S Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Dan Jane-Wit
- Division of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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57
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Laumont CM, Nelson BH. B cells in the tumor microenvironment: Multi-faceted organizers, regulators, and effectors of anti-tumor immunity. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:466-489. [PMID: 36917951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is rapidly expanding beyond T cell-centric perspectives to include B cells and plasma cells, collectively referred to as TIL-Bs. In many cancers, TIL-Bs carry strong prognostic significance and are emerging as key predictors of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. TIL-Bs can perform multiple functions, including antigen presentation and antibody production, which allow them to focus immune responses on cognate antigen to support both T cell responses and innate mechanisms involving complement, macrophages, and natural killer cells. In the stroma of the most immunologically "hot" tumors, TIL-Bs are prominent components of tertiary lymphoid structures, which resemble lymph nodes structurally and functionally. Additionally, TIL-Bs participate in a variety of other lympho-myeloid aggregates and engage in dynamic interactions with the tumor stroma. Here, we summarize our current understanding of TIL-Bs in human cancer, highlighting the compelling therapeutic opportunities offered by their unique tumor recognition and effector mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline M Laumont
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Brad H Nelson
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 3E6, Canada.
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58
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CD4 + T cells in cancer. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:317-329. [PMID: 36894637 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunology and immunotherapy are driving forces of research and development in oncology, mostly focusing on CD8+ T cells and the tumor microenvironment. Recent progress highlights the importance of CD4+ T cells, corresponding to the long-known fact that CD4+ T cells are central players and coordinators of innate and antigen-specific immune responses. Moreover, they have now been recognized as anti-tumor effector cells in their own right. Here we review the current status of CD4+ T cells in cancer, which hold great promise for improving knowledge and therapies in cancer.
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59
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Spencer J, Bemark M. Human intestinal B cells in inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:254-265. [PMID: 36849542 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal lumen contains an abundance of bacteria, viruses and fungi alongside ingested material that shape the chronically active intestinal immune system from early life to maintain the integrity of the gut epithelial barrier. In health, the response is intricately balanced to provide active protection against pathogen invasion whilst tolerating food and avoiding inflammation. B cells are central to achieving this protection. Their activation and maturation generates the body's largest plasma cell population that secretes IgA, and the niches they provide support systemic immune cell specialization. For example, the gut supports the development and maturation of a splenic B cell subset - the marginal zone B cells. In addition, cells such as the T follicular helper cells, which are enriched in many autoinflammatory diseases, are intrinsically associated with the germinal centre microenvironment that is more abundant in the gut than in any other tissue in health. In this Review, we discuss intestinal B cells and their role when a loss of homeostasis results in intestinal and systemic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Spencer
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK.
| | - Mats Bemark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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60
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Zhang C, Wang XY, Zuo JL, Wang XF, Feng XW, Zhang B, Li YT, Yi CH, Zhang P, Ma XC, Chen ZM, Ma Y, Han JH, Tao BR, Zhang R, Wang TQ, Tong L, Gu W, Wang SY, Zheng XF, Yuan WK, Kan ZJ, Fan J, Hu XY, Li J, Zhang C, Chen JH. Localization and density of tertiary lymphoid structures associate with molecular subtype and clinical outcome in colorectal cancer liver metastases. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006425. [PMID: 36759015 PMCID: PMC9923349 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) have been proposed to assess the prognosis of patients with cancer. Here, we investigated the prognostic value and relevant mechanisms of TLSs in colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM). METHODS 603 patients with CRCLM treated by surgical resection from three cancer centers were included. The TLSs were categorized according to their anatomic subregions and quantified, and a TLS scoring system was established for intratumor region (T score) and peritumor region (P score). Differences in relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) between groups were determined. Multiplex immunohistochemical staining (mIHC) was used to determine the cellular composition of TLSs in 40 CRCLM patients. RESULTS T score positively correlated with superior prognosis, while P score negatively associated with poor survival (all p<0.05). Meanwhile, T score was positively associated with specific mutation subtype of KRAS. Furthermore, TLSs enrichment gene expression was significantly associated with survival and transcriptomic subtypes of CRCLM. Subsequently, mIHC showed that the densities of Treg cells, M2 macrophages and Tfh cells were significantly higher in intratumor TLSs than in peritumor TLSs (p=0.029, p=0.047 and p=0.041, respectively), and the frequencies of Treg cells and M2 macrophages were positively correlated with P score, while the frequencies of Tfh cells were positively associated with T scores in intratumor TLSs (all p<0.05). Next, based on the distribution and abundance of TLSs, an Immune Score combining T score and P score was established which categorized CRCLM patients into four immune classes with different prognosis (all p<0.05). Among them, patients with higher immune class have more favorable prognoses. The C-index of Immune Class for RFS and OS was higher than Clinical Risk Score statistically. These results were also confirmed by the other two validation cohorts. CONCLUSIONS The distribution and abundance of TLSs is significantly associated with RFS and OS of CRCLM patients, and a novel immune class was proposed for predicting the prognosis of CRCLM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Liang Zuo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Fu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Tong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-He Yi
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Mei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Hao Han
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Rui Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Qi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Tong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wang Gu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Si-Yu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wen-Kang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zi-Jie Kan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Hu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jin-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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61
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Liang H, Zhang Z, Guan Z, Zheng S, Lou J, Liu W, Cai Q, Si Y. Follicle-like tertiary lymphoid structures: A potential biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy response in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1096220. [PMID: 36776859 PMCID: PMC9912937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1096220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The maturity and spatial distribution of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) vary dynamically within and between cancers, leading to a controversial role in cancer. We aimed to develop a simple morphology-based approach to identify the maturity of TLSs in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and examine their clinically relevant functional role. Methods TLSs were identified based on morphological features via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and the accuracy was verified by multi-immunohistochemical analysis. The density, maturity, spatial distribution and prognostic value of TLSs were separately analyzed in two human laryngeal cancer cohorts. The TLS profile was linked to RNA-seq data from the TCGA database to perform bioinformatics analysis. Results TLSs can be classified as early TLSs (E-TLSs), primary follicle-like TLSs (PFL-TLSs) and secondary follicle-like TLSs (SFL-TLSs). The three types of TLSs showed higher infiltration in the extratumoral region. XCL2 is a vital chemokine in the maturation and infiltration of TLSs. FL-TLS was an independent positive prognostic indicator in laryngeal cancer. The FL-TLS group had more abundant immune cell infiltration and a better response to immunotherapies than the non-FL-TLS group. Functional analysis showed that the non-FL-TLS group was enriched in tumor invasion, metastasis and immunosuppression pathways. Conclusion The maturity of TLSs can be accurately classified by H&E staining. FL-TLS is a potential mediator of antitumor immunity in human laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shibie Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintao Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Si
- Department of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: A Potential Biomarker for Anti-Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235968. [PMID: 36497450 PMCID: PMC9739898 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) is a special component in the immune microenvironment that is mainly composed of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), including T cells, B cells, DC cells, and high endothelial venules (HEVs). For cancer patients, evaluation of the immune microenvironment has a predictive effect on tumor biological behavior, treatment methods, and prognosis. As a result, TLSs have begun to attract the attention of researchers as a new potential biomarker. However, the composition and mechanisms of TLSs are still unclear, and clinical detection methods are still being explored. Although some meaningful results have been obtained in clinical trials, there is still a long way to go before such methods can be applied in clinical practice. However, we believe that with the continuous progress of basic research and clinical trials, TLS detection and related treatment can benefit more and more patients. In this review, we generalize the definition and composition of TLSs, summarize clinical trials involving TLSs according to treatment methods, and describe possible methods of inducing TLS formation.
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Khamaru P, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharyya A. AMPK activator AICAR in combination with anti-mouse IL10 mAb restores the functionality of intra-tumoral Tfh cells in the 4T1 mouse model. Cell Immunol 2022; 382:104639. [PMID: 36375313 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
4T1 cell-mediated TNBC breast cell carcinoma is a highly malignant mice tumor model which resembles an advanced stage of breast cancer in humans. Tumor progression occurs depending on the intra-tumoral balance of pro- and anti- tumorigenic immune cells. Enhancement of T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity will be advantageous for inhibiting tumor progression and improving the efficacy of cancer therapy. This study is focused on alleviating suppressed anti-tumor immune response by improving CD4+ T follicular helper cell (Tfh) response in 4T1 mice. We employed anti-IL10 mAb along with metabolic drugs 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) which inhibits the glycolytic pathway and Cpt1a inhibitor Etomoxir which inhibits FAO. AMPK activator AICAR with or without anti-IL10 mAb was also used to ameliorate metabolic stress and exhaustion faced by immune cells. Our results demonstrate that synergistic treatment with 2DG/Etomoxir + anti-IL10 mAb induced Tfh cell, memory B, and GC B cell response more potently compared to treatment with 2DG or Etomoxir treatment alone as observed in several LNs and tumor tissue of 4T1 mouse. However, AICAR + anti-IL10 mAb increased the frequency of intratumoral Tfh cells, simultaneously downregulated Tfr cells; and improved humoral response by stimulating upregulation of memory B, GC B, and plasmablasts in tumor-draining, axillary, and mesenteric LNs of 4T1 mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulomi Khamaru
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayan Chakraborty
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India
| | - Arindam Bhattacharyya
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India.
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Fang Z, Song YX, Wo GQ, Zhou HL, Li L, Yang SY, Chen X, Zhang J, Tang JH. Screening of the novel immune-suppressive biomarkers of TMED family and whether knockdown of TMED2/3/4/9 inhibits cell migration and invasion in breast cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1280. [PMID: 36618780 PMCID: PMC9816852 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Transmembrane p24 trafficking protein (TMED) family members are implicated in several solid tumors, but their clinical relevance for breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. This study aimed to probe their prognostic values and relations with tumor immunity in BC. Methods TMED family mRNA expression was assessed in five microarray datasets (GSE65212, GSE42568, GSE5364, GSE22820 and GSE45827) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and invasive breast cancer (BRCA) cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to determine the predictive values of filtered members of the TMED family. The protein expressions of screen genes were validated by Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) data from University of ALabama at Birmingham CANcer data analysis portal (UALCAN) and detected in the clinical specimens by western blot assay. Clinicopathologic variables were analyzed with bc-GenExMiner, and patient prognostic data were obtained with Kaplan-Meier Plotter. In vitro wound healing and invasion assays were performed on siRNA-transfected BC cell lines. TIMER 2.0, SangerBox, and ImmPort were used to evaluate tumor immune infiltration, immune checkpoints, and other immune-related genes. CbioPortal, Metascape, Expression2kinases, and LinkedOmics were used to explore gene regulatory network. Results BC tissues expressed TMED2/3/4/9 at a higher level than normal tissues, providing diagnostic potential. All the areas under the ROC curve for TMED2/3/4/9 were more than 0.7. TMED2/3/4/9 correlated with numerous clinical variables, including lymph node status, Scarff-Bloom-Richardson score (SBR), Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI), estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) status, and their high expression predicted the poor prognosis of BC patients. TMED2/3/4/9 knockdown drastically inhibited the migratory and invasive capacities of MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 cells. TMED2/3/4/9 expressions correlated negatively with the infiltration of tumor-suppressive immune cells such as CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells, and was inversely related to a variety of immune checkpoint genes, including programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4). A set of kinases, transcription factors, and microRNAs (miRNAs) may regulate TMED2/3/4/9 abnormalities at the genome level. Conclusions TMED2/3/4/9 may serve as diagnostic, prognostic, and immune-suppressive biomarkers in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Xin Song
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guan-Qun Wo
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Lei Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Si-Yuan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Hollar DW. The competition of ecological resonances in the quantum metabolic model of cancer: Potential energetic interventions. Biosystems 2022; 222:104798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Zhang L, Qin Q, Xu C, Zhang N, Zhao T. Identification of immune cell function in breast cancer by integrating multiple single-cell data. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1058239. [PMID: 36479102 PMCID: PMC9719918 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1058239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has now become the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. It is a highly complex and heterogeneous disease that comprises distinct histological features and treatment response. With the development of molecular biology and immunology, immunotherapy has become a new field of breast cancer treatment. Identifying cell-type-specific genes critical to the immune microenvironment contributes to breast cancer treatment. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology could serve as a powerful tool to analyze cellular genetic information at single-cell resolution and to uncover the gene expression status of each cell, thus allowing comprehensive assessment of intercellular heterogeneity. Because of the influence of sample size and sequencing depth, the specificity of genes in different cell types for breast cancer cannot be fully revealed. Therefore, the present study integrated two public breast cancer scRNA-seq datasets aiming to investigate the functions of different type of immune cells in tumor microenvironment. We identified total five significant differential expressed genes of B cells, T cells and macrophage and explored their functions and immune mechanisms in breast cancer. Finally, we performed functional annotation analyses using the top fifteen differentially expressed genes in each immune cell type to discover the immune-related pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Qiyuan Qin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Ningyi Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Tianyi Zhao
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Tianyi Zhao,
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Effect of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures on Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Preliminary Exploration of Its Formation Mechanism. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205157. [PMID: 36291944 PMCID: PMC9601110 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary At present, research on tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been limited to the prognostic impact. Our manuscript first validates previous studies using two databases and then initially explores the key molecules and mechanisms of TLS formation and immunotherapy implications for HCC patients by using the TCGA database. For example, LCK, a key molecule in the formation of TLSs, may affect the formation of TLSs by regulating the cytokine signalling pathway, chemokine signalling pathway, T-cell activation and P53 signalling pathway. Second, the expression level of LCK is another factor affecting the sensitivity of HCC patients to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In conclusion, our study provides a potential mechanism for further exploration of TLSs. Abstract Background: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are formed by the aggregation of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which is driven by chemokines or cytokines in the tumour microenvironment. Studies have shown that TLSs are associated with good prognosis in patients with various solid tumours and can improve patient responses to immunotherapy. However, the role of TLSs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial, and the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. Methods: According to haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining results, HCC patients in Xijing Hospital data and TCGA data were divided into TLS+ and TLS- groups, and Kaplan–Meier (KM) analysis was performed to assess overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to identify TILs in the TLS+ group. Lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK), a molecule involved in TLS formation, was explored in LinkedOmics. TILs were divided into two groups by drawing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to calculate cut-off values. Spearman correlation analysis was used to calculate the correlation between LCK and TILs, and the molecular pathways by which LCK regulates immunotherapy were clarified through enrichment analysis. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) distribution of sorafenib was observed in groups that varied in LCK expression. Results: According to the HE results, 61 cases in the Xijing Hospital cohort and 195 cases in the TCGA cohort had TLSs, while 89 cases and 136 cases did not. The KM results showed that TLSs had no effect on the OS of HCC patients but significantly affected RFS. The IF/IHC results showed that higher TIL numbers in TLSs were correlated with better prognosis in HCC patients. Spearman correlation analysis showed that LCK expression was positively correlated with TIL numbers. Enrichment analysis showed that upregulation of LCK expression mainly regulated the cytokine signalling pathway, the chemokine signalling pathway and T-cell activation. The IC50 scores of sorafenib in HCC patients with high LCK expression were lower, and the sensitivity was higher. Conclusion: TLSs mainly affected the early RFS of HCC patients but had no effect on OS. The high expression of the TLS formation-related gene LCK can increase the sensitivity of HCC patients to ICIs.
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CHEN J, CHEN J, WANG L. Tertiary lymphoid structures as unique constructions associated with the organization, education, and function of tumor-infiltrating immunocytes. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:812-822. [PMID: 36226536 PMCID: PMC9561406 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are formations at sites with persistent inflammatory stimulation, including tumors. These ectopic lymphoid organs mainly consist of chemo-attracting B cells, T cells, and supporting dendritic cells (DCs). Mature TLSs exhibit functional organization for the optimal development and collaboration of adaptive immune response, delivering an augmented effect on the tumor microenvironment (TME). The description of the positive correlation between TLSs and tumor prognosis is reliable only under a certain condition involving the localization and maturation of TLSs. Emerging evidence suggests that underlying mechanisms of the anti-tumor effect of TLSs pave the way for novel immunotherapies. Several approaches have been developed to take advantage of intratumoral TLSs, either by combining it with therapeutic agents or by inducing the neogenesis of TLSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing CHEN
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310009, China,Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310003, China
| | - Jian CHEN
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310009, China,Jian CHEN,
| | - Lie WANG
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310003, China,Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou311121, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Lie WANG,
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Massa D, Tosi A, Rosato A, Guarneri V, Dieci MV. Multiplexed In Situ Spatial Protein Profiling in the Pursuit of Precision Immuno-Oncology for Patients with Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4885. [PMID: 36230808 PMCID: PMC9562913 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of many solid tumors. In breast cancer (BC), immunotherapy is currently approved in combination with chemotherapy, albeit only in triple-negative breast cancer. Unfortunately, most patients only derive limited benefit from ICIs, progressing either upfront or after an initial response. Therapeutics must engage with a heterogeneous network of complex stromal-cancer interactions that can fail at imposing cancer immune control in multiple domains, such as in the genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic domains. To overcome these types of heterogeneous resistance phenotypes, several combinatorial strategies are underway. Still, they can be predicted to be effective only in the subgroups of patients in which those specific resistance mechanisms are effectively in place. As single biomarker predictive performances are necessarily suboptimal at capturing the complexity of this articulate network, precision immune-oncology calls for multi-omics tumor microenvironment profiling in order to identify unique predictive patterns and to proactively tailor combinatorial treatments. Multiplexed single-cell spatially resolved tissue analysis, through precise epitope colocalization, allows one to infer cellular functional states in view of their spatial organization. In this review, we discuss-through the lens of the cancer-immunity cycle-selected, established, and emerging markers that may be evaluated in multiplexed spatial protein panels to help identify prognostic and predictive patterns in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Massa
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Division of Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Tosi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarneri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Division of Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Dieci
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Division of Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Heterogeneity and Functions of Tumor-Infiltrating Antibody Secreting Cells: Lessons from Breast, Ovarian, and Other Solid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194800. [PMID: 36230721 PMCID: PMC9563085 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary B cells are gaining increasing recognition as important contributors to the tumor microenvironment, influencing, positively or negatively, tumor growth, patient survival, and response to therapies. Antibody secreting cells (ASCs) constitute a variable fraction of tumor-infiltrating B cells in most solid tumors, and they produce tumor-specific antibodies that can drive distinct immune responses depending on their isotypes and specificities. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the heterogeneity of ASCs infiltrating solid tumors and how both their canonical and noncanonical functions shape antitumor immunity, with a special emphasis on breast and ovarian cancers. Abstract Neglected for a long time in cancer, B cells and ASCs have recently emerged as critical actors in the tumor microenvironment, with important roles in shaping the antitumor immune response. ASCs indeed exert a major influence on tumor growth, patient survival, and response to therapies. The mechanisms underlying their pro- vs. anti-tumor roles are beginning to be elucidated, revealing the contributions of their secreted antibodies as well as of their emerging noncanonical functions. Here, concentrating mostly on ovarian and breast cancers, we summarize the current knowledge on the heterogeneity of tumor-infiltrating ASCs, we discuss their possible local or systemic origin in relation to their immunoglobulin repertoire, and we review the different mechanisms by which antibody (Ab) subclasses and isoforms differentially impact tumor cells and anti-tumor immunity. We also discuss the emerging roles of cytokines and other immune modulators produced by ASCs in cancer. Finally, we propose strategies to manipulate the tumor ASC compartment to improve cancer therapies.
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Yaping W, Zhe W, Zhuling C, Ruolei L, Pengyu F, Lili G, Cheng J, Bo Z, Liuyin L, Guangdong H, Yaoling W, Niuniu H, Rui L. The soldiers needed to be awakened: Tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:988703. [PMID: 36246629 PMCID: PMC9558824 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.988703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) are a key component. Different types of TIICs play distinct roles. CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells could secrete soluble factors to hinder tumor cell growth, whereas regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) release inhibitory factors to promote tumor growth and progression. In the meantime, a growing body of evidence illustrates that the balance between pro- and anti-tumor responses of TIICs is associated with the prognosis in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, in order to boost anti-tumor response and improve the clinical outcome of tumor patients, a variety of anti-tumor strategies for targeting TIICs based on their respective functions have been developed and obtained good treatment benefits, including mainly immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), adoptive cell therapies (ACT), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and various monoclonal antibodies. In recent years, the tumor-specific features of immune cells are further investigated by various methods, such as using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and the results indicate that these cells have diverse phenotypes in different types of tumors and emerge inconsistent therapeutic responses. Hence, we concluded the recent advances in tumor-infiltrating immune cells, including functions, prognostic values, and various immunotherapy strategies for each immune cell in different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yaping
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wang Zhe
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chu Zhuling
- Department of General Surgery, Eastern Theater Air Force Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Ruolei
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fan Pengyu
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guo Lili
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhang Bo
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liu Liuyin
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hou Guangdong
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wang Yaoling
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hou Niuniu
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of General Surgery, Eastern Theater Air Force Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Hou Niuniu, ; Ling Rui,
| | - Ling Rui
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hou Niuniu, ; Ling Rui,
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Wall I, Boulat V, Shah A, Blenman KRM, Wu Y, Alberts E, Calado DP, Salgado R, Grigoriadis A. Leveraging the Dynamic Immune Environment Triad in Patients with Breast Cancer: Tumour, Lymph Node, and Peripheral Blood. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4505. [PMID: 36139665 PMCID: PMC9496983 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During the anti-tumour response to breast cancer, the primary tumour, the peripheral blood, and the lymph nodes each play unique roles. Immunological features at each site reveal evidence of continuous immune cross-talk between them before, during and after treatment. As such, immune responses to breast cancer are found to be highly dynamic and truly systemic, integrating three distinct immune sites, complex cell-migration highways, as well as the temporal dimension of disease progression and treatment. In this review, we provide a connective summary of the dynamic immune environment triad of breast cancer. It is critical that future studies seek to establish dynamic immune profiles, constituting multiple sites, that capture the systemic immune response to breast cancer and define patient-selection parameters resulting in more significant overall responses and survival rates for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobelle Wall
- Cancer Bioinformatics, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Victoire Boulat
- Cancer Bioinformatics, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Immunity and Cancer Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Aekta Shah
- Cancer Bioinformatics, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Kim R. M. Blenman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Yin Wu
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Elena Alberts
- Cancer Bioinformatics, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Immunity and Cancer Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Dinis Pedro Calado
- Immunity and Cancer Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Department of Pathology, GZA-ZNA Hospitals, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Anita Grigoriadis
- Cancer Bioinformatics, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Luo L, Wei Q, Xu C, Dong M, Zhao W. Immune landscape and risk prediction based on pyroptosis-related molecular subtypes in triple-negative breast cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:933703. [PMID: 36189269 PMCID: PMC9524227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.933703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival outcome of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains poor, with difficulties still existing in prognosis assessment and patient stratification. Pyroptosis, a newly discovered form of programmed cell death, is involved in cancer pathogenesis and progression. The role of pyroptosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of TNBC has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we disclosed global alterations in 58 pyroptosis-related genes at somatic mutation and transcriptional levels in TNBC samples collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Based on the expression patterns of genes related to pyroptosis, we identified two molecular subtypes that harbored different TME characteristics and survival outcomes. Then, based on differentially expressed genes between two subtypes, we established a 12-gene score with robust efficacy in predicting short- and long-term overall survival of TNBC. Patients at low risk exhibited a significantly better prognosis, more antitumor immune cell infiltration, and higher expression of immune checkpoints including PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and LAG3. The comprehensive analysis of the immune landscape in TNBC indicated that alterations in pyroptosis-related genes were closely related to the formation of the immune microenvironment and the intensity of the anticancer response. The 12-gene score provided new information on the risk stratification and immunotherapy strategy for highly heterogeneous patients with TNBC.
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Intratumoral Niches of B Cells and Follicular Helper T Cells, and the Absence of Regulatory T Cells, Associate with Longer Survival in Early-Stage Oral Tongue Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174298. [PMID: 36077836 PMCID: PMC9454508 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the occurrence of clusters between CD20 B cells and CD4 T cells in the invasive margin (IM) can be captured by using the CD20 cluster score, and is positively associated with patient survival. However, the exact contribution of different CD4 T cell subsets, as well as B cell subsets toward patient prognosis is largely unknown. To this end, we studied regulatory T cells ((Treg cells) FOXP3 and CD4), T helper-type 1 cells ((Th1 cells) Tbet and CD4), follicular helper T cells ((Tfh cells) Bcl6 and CD4), B cells (CD20), germinal center B cells ((GC B cells) BCL6 and CD20), and follicular dendritic cells ((fDCs) CD21) for their density, location, and interspacing using multiplex in situ immunofluorescence of 75 treatment-naïve, primary OSCC patients. We observed that Treg, Th1-, Tfh-, and GC B cells, but not fDCs, were abundantly present in the stroma as compared with the tumor, and in the IM as compared with in the center of the tumor. Patients with high CD20 cluster scores had a high density of all three CD4 T cell subsets and GC B cells in the stromal IM as compared with patients with low CD20 cluster scores. Notably, enriched abundance of Tfh cells (HR 0.20, p = 0.04), and diminished abundance of Treg cells (HR 0.10, p = 0.03), together with an overall short distance between Tfh and B cells (HR:0.08, p < 0.01), but not between Treg and B cells (HR 0.43, p = 0.28), were significantly associated with overall survival of patients with OSCC. Our study identified the prognostic value of clusters between CD20 B cells and Tfh cells in the stromal IM of OSCC patients, and enabled an improved understanding of the clinical value of a high CD20 cluster score, which requires validation in larger clinical cohorts.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Here, we reviewed the recent breakthroughs in the understanding of predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) treatment. RECENT FINDINGS ICI have revolutionized cancer therapy enabling novel therapeutic indications in multiple tumor types and increasing the probability of survival in patients with metastatic disease. However, in every considered tumor types only a minority of patients exhibits clear and lasting benefice from ICI treatment, and due to their unique mechanism of action treatment with ICI is also associated with acute clinical toxicities called immune related adverse events (irAEs) that can be life threatening. The approval of the first ICI drug has prompted many exploratory strategies for a variety of biomarkers and have shown that several factors might affect the response to ICI treatment, including tumors intrinsic factors, tumor microenvironment and tumor extrinsic or systemic factor. Currently, only three biomarkers programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), tumor microenvironment and microsatellite instability had the US Food and Drug Administration-approbation with some limitations. SUMMARY The establishment of valid predictive biomarkers of ICI sensitivity has become a priority to guide patient treatment to maximize the chance of benefit and prevent unnecessary toxicity.
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76
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Shi ZY, Zhang SX, Li CH, Fan D, Xue Y, Cheng ZH, Wu LX, Lu KY, Wu ZF, Li XF, Liu HY, Li SJ. Differential distribution and prognostic value of CD4+ T cell subsets before and after radioactive iodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer with varied curative outcomes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966550. [PMID: 36091039 PMCID: PMC9459039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid cancer is the most frequently diagnosed endocrine tumor. While differentiated thyroid cancers often respond to initial treatment, little is known about the differences in circulating immune cells amongst patients who respond differently. A prospective study of 39 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer was conducted. Serum thyroglobulin levels and thyroid and immunological functions were tested before and after radioactive iodine treatment (RAIT). Efficacy assessments were performed 6 to 12 months after radioactive iodine treatment. Most patients showed an excellent response to radioactive iodine treatment. Before radioactive iodine treatment, the excellent response group had considerably fewer circulating CD4+ T cell subsets than the non-excellent response group. Both the excellent response and non-excellent response groups had considerably lower circulating CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets 30 days after radioactive iodine treatment, but those of the excellent response group were still lower than those of the non-excellent response group. All circulating CD4+ T cell subsets in the excellent response group rose by varying degrees by the 90th day, but only Treg cell amounts increased in the non-excellent response group. Interestingly, in the non-excellent response group, we noticed a steady drop in Th1 cells. However, the bulk of circulating CD4+ T cell subsets between the two groups did not differ appreciably by the 90th day. Finally, we discovered that CD4+ T cell subsets had strong predictive potential, and we thus developed high-predictive-performance models that deliver more dependable prognostic information. In conclusion, in individuals with differentiated thyroid cancer, there is great variation in circulating immune cells, resulting in distinct treatment outcomes. Low absolute CD4+ T cell counts is linked to improved clinical outcomes as well as stronger adaptive and resilience capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sheng-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Cai-Hong Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhe-Hao Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li-Xiang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ke-Yi Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hai-Yan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Yan Liu, ; Si-Jin Li,
| | - Si-Jin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Yan Liu, ; Si-Jin Li,
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77
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Yu D, Walker LSK, Liu Z, Linterman MA, Li Z. Targeting T FH cells in human diseases and vaccination: rationale and practice. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1157-1168. [PMID: 35817844 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The identification of CD4+ T cells localizing to B cell follicles has revolutionized the knowledge of how humoral immunity is generated. Follicular helper T (TFH) cells support germinal center (GC) formation and regulate clonal selection and differentiation of memory and antibody-secreting B cells, thus controlling antibody affinity maturation and memory. TFH cells are essential in sustaining protective antibody responses necessary for pathogen clearance in infection and vaccine-mediated protection. Conversely, aberrant and excessive TFH cell responses mediate and sustain pathogenic antibodies to autoantigens, alloantigens, and allergens, facilitate lymphomagenesis, and even harbor viral reservoirs. TFH cell generation and function are determined by T cell antigen receptor (TCR), costimulation, and cytokine signals, together with specific metabolic and survival mechanisms. Such regulation is crucial to understanding disease pathogenesis and informing the development of emerging therapies for disease or novel approaches to boost vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. .,Ian Frazer Centre for Children's Immunotherapy Research, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Lucy S K Walker
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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78
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Laumont CM, Banville AC, Gilardi M, Hollern DP, Nelson BH. Tumour-infiltrating B cells: immunological mechanisms, clinical impact and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:414-430. [PMID: 35393541 PMCID: PMC9678336 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although immunotherapy research to date has focused largely on T cells, there is mounting evidence that tumour-infiltrating B cells and plasma cells (collectively referred to as tumour-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-Bs)) have a crucial, synergistic role in tumour control. In many cancers, TIL-Bs have demonstrated strong predictive and prognostic significance in the context of both standard treatments and immune checkpoint blockade, offering the prospect of new therapeutic opportunities that leverage their unique immunological properties. Drawing insights from autoimmunity, we review the molecular phenotypes, architectural contexts, antigen specificities, effector mechanisms and regulatory pathways relevant to TIL-Bs in human cancer. Although the field is young, the emerging picture is that TIL-Bs promote antitumour immunity through their unique mode of antigen presentation to T cells; their role in assembling and perpetuating immunologically 'hot' tumour microenvironments involving T cells, myeloid cells and natural killer cells; and their potential to combat immune editing and tumour heterogeneity through the easing of self-tolerance mechanisms. We end by discussing the most promising approaches to enhance TIL-B responses in concert with other immune cell subsets to extend the reach, potency and durability of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline M Laumont
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Allyson C Banville
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mara Gilardi
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daniel P Hollern
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brad H Nelson
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
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Shi ZY, Zhang SX, Fan D, Li CH, Cheng ZH, Xue Y, Wu LX, Lu KY, Yang SY, Cheng Y, Wu ZF, Gao C, Li XF, Liu HY, Li SJ. Dynamic Immune Function Changes Before and After the First Radioactive Iodine Therapy After Total Resection of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901263. [PMID: 35844520 PMCID: PMC9280633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of total thyroidectomy or radioactive iodine therapy on immune activation and suppression of the tumor microenvironment remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the effects of these treatments on the immune function in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Our cohort included 45 patients with DTC treated with total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT). Immune function tests were performed by flow cytometry at 0, 30, and 90 days post-RAIT. Both the percentage and absolute number of circulating regulatory T cells were significantly lower in the postoperative DTC compared to the healthy controls. Notably, the absolute number of multiple lymphocyte subgroups significantly decreased at 30 days post-RAIT compared to those pre-RAIT. The absolute counts of these lymphocytes were recovered at 90 days post-RAIT, but not at pre-RAIT levels. Additionally, the Th17 cell percentage before RAIT was positively correlated with thyroglobulin (Tg) levels after RAIT. The tumor burden might contribute to increased levels of circulating Tregs. In conclusion, RAIT caused transient radiation damage in patients with DTC and the percentage of Th17 cells before RAIT could be a significant predictor of poor prognosis in patients with DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Sheng-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Cai-Hong Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhe-Hao Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li-Xiang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ke-Yi Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Su-Yun Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hai-Yan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Yan Liu, ; Si-Jin Li,
| | - Si-Jin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Hai-Yan Liu, ; Si-Jin Li,
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80
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Jia W, Zhang T, Yao Q, Li J, Nie Y, Lei X, Mao Z, Wang Y, Shi W, Song W. Tertiary Lymphatic Structures in Primary Hepatic Carcinoma: Controversy Cannot Overshadow Hope. Front Immunol 2022; 13:870458. [PMID: 35844587 PMCID: PMC9278517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are organized aggregates of immune cells found in the tumor microenvironment. TLS can influence primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) occurrence and have an active role in cancer. TLS can promote or inhibit the growth of PHC depending on their location, and although available findings are controversial, they suggest that TLS have a protective role in PHC tissues and a non-protective role in paracancerous tissues. In addition, the cellular composition of TLS can also influence the outcome of PHC. As an immunity marker, TLS can act as a marker of immunotherapy to predict its effect and help to identify patients who will respond well to immunotherapy. Modulation of TLS formation through the use of chemokines/cytokines, immunotherapy, or induction of high endothelial vein to interfere with tumor growth has been studied extensively in PHC and other cancers. In addition, new tools such as genetic interventions, cellular crosstalk, preoperative radiotherapy, and advances in materials science have been shown to influence the prognosis of malignant tumors by modulating TLS production. These can also be used to develop PHC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Jia
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tianchen Zhang
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qianyun Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ye Nie
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinjun Lei
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhenzhen Mao
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenjie Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjie Song,
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81
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Gao H, Tian Q, Zhou Y, Zhu L, Lu Y, Ma Y, Feng J, Jiang Y, Wang B. 3D Collagen Fiber Concentration Regulates Treg Cell Infiltration in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:904418. [PMID: 35774776 PMCID: PMC9237245 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.904418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by poor prognosis and a lack of effective therapeutic agents owing to the absence of biomarkers. A high abundance of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Tregs) was associated with worse prognosis in malignant disease. Exploring the association between Treg cell infiltration and TNBC will provide new insights for understanding TNBC immunosuppression and may pave the way for developing novel immune-based treatments. Materials and Methods Patients from TCGA were divided into Treg-high (Treg-H) and Treg-low (Treg-L) groups based on the abundance of Tregs according to CIBERSORT analysis. The association between expression level of Tregs and the clinical characteristics as well as prognosis of breast cancer were evaluated. Next, a Treg-related prognostic model was established after survival-dependent univariate Cox and LASSO regression analysis, companied with an external GEO cohort validation. Then, GO, KEGG and GSEA analyses were performed between the Treg-H and Treg-L groups. Masson and Sirius red/Fast Green staining were applied for ECM characterization. Accordingly, Jurkat T cells were encapsulated in 3D collagen to mimic the ECM microenvironment, and the expression levels of CD4, FOXP3 and CD25 were quantified according to immunofluorescence staining. Results The expression level of Tregs is significantly associated with the clinical characteristics of breast cancer patients, and a high level of Treg cell expression indicates a poor prognosis in TNBC. To further evaluate this, a Treg-related prognostic model was established that accurately predicted outcomes in both TCGA training and GEO validation cohorts of TNBC patients. Subsequently, ECM-associated signaling pathways were identified between the Treg-H and Treg-L groups, indicating the role of ECM in Treg infiltration. Since we found increasing collagen concentrations in TNBC patients with distant migration, we encapsulated Jurkat T cells within a 3D matrix with different collagen concentrations and observed that increasing collagen concentrations promoted the expression of Treg biomarkers, supporting the regulatory role of ECM in Treg infiltration. Conclusion Our results support the association between Treg expression and breast cancer progression as well as prognosis in the TNBC subtype. Moreover, increasing collagen density may promote Treg infiltration, and thus induce an immunosuppressed TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lizhe Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yinliang Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinteng Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yina Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Yina Jiang, ; Bo Wang,
| | - Bo Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Yina Jiang, ; Bo Wang,
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82
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Wang B, Liu J, Han Y, Deng Y, Li J, Jiang Y. The Presence of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Provides New Insight Into the Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Patients With Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868155. [PMID: 35664009 PMCID: PMC9161084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) have been proven to be predictive biomarkers of favorable clinical outcomes and response to immunotherapies in several solid malignancies. Nevertheless, the effect of TLSs in patients with breast cancer (BC) remains controversial. The objective of the current study is to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of TLSs in BC. Given the unique difficulties for detecting and quantifying TLSs, a TLS-associated gene signature based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) BC cohort was used to validate and supplement our results. Methods Electronic platforms (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang) were searched systematically to identify relevant studies as of January 11, 2022. We calculated combined odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to determine the relationship between clinicopathological parameters and TLSs. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were also calculated to evaluate the prognostic significance of TLSs. The TLS signature based on the TCGA BC cohort was applied to validate and supplement our results. Results Fifteen studies with 3,898 patients were eligible for enrollment in our study. The combined analysis indicated that the presence of TLSs was related to improved disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.41-0.90, p < 0.05) and overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.26-2.20, p < 0.001). Additionally, the presence of TLSs was positively correlated with early tumor TNM stage and high tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. TLS presence was positively related to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) and Ki-67 but inversely correlated with the status of estrogen and progesterone receptor. Simultaneously, our study found that tumor immune microenvironment was more favorable in the high-TLS signature group than in the low-TLS signature group. Consistently, BC patients in the high-TLS signature group exhibited better survival outcomes compared to those in the low-TLS signature group, suggesting that TLSs might be favorable prognostic biomarkers. Conclusions TLS presence provides new insight into the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with BC, whereas the factors discussed limited the evidence quality of this study. We look forward to consistent methods to define and characterize TLSs, and more high-quality prospective clinical trials designed to validate the value of TLSs alone or in combination with other markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Han
- Department of Pathology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaotiao Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinze Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Faccani C, Rotta G, Clemente F, Fedeli M, Abbati D, Manfredi F, Potenza A, Anselmo A, Pedica F, Fiorentini G, Villa C, Protti MP, Doglioni C, Aldrighetti L, Bonini C, Casorati G, Dellabona P, de Lalla C. Workflow for high-dimensional flow cytometry analysis of T cells from tumor metastases. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/10/e202101316. [PMID: 35724271 PMCID: PMC9166301 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a multi-step high-dimensional (HD) flow cytometry workflow for the deep phenotypic characterization of T cells infiltrating metastatic tumor lesions in the liver, particularly derived from colorectal cancer (CRC-LM). First, we applied a novel flow cytometer setting approach based on single positive cells rather than fluorescent beads, resulting in optimal sensitivity when compared with previously published protocols. Second, we set up a 26-color based antibody panel designed to assess the functional state of both conventional T-cell subsets and unconventional invariant natural killer T, mucosal associated invariant T, and gamma delta T (γδT)-cell populations, which are abundant in the liver. Third, the dissociation of the CRC-LM samples was accurately tuned to preserve both the viability and antigenic integrity of the stained cells. This combined procedure permitted the optimal capturing of the phenotypic complexity of T cells infiltrating CRC-LM. Hence, this study provides a robust tool for high-dimensional flow cytometry analysis of complex T-cell populations, which could be adapted to characterize other relevant pathological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Faccani
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Clemente
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maya Fedeli
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo Abbati
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Manfredi
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Potenza
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Achille Anselmo
- Flow Cytometry Resource, Advanced Cytometry Technical Applications Laboratory (FRACTAL) Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Pedica
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Pathology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Fiorentini
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- Flow Cytometry Resource, Advanced Cytometry Technical Applications Laboratory (FRACTAL) Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria P Protti
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Pathology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Aldrighetti
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonini
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia de Lalla
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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84
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Garaud S, Dieu-Nosjean MC, Willard-Gallo K. T follicular helper and B cell crosstalk in tertiary lymphoid structures and cancer immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2259. [PMID: 35473931 PMCID: PMC9043192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soizic Garaud
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean
- Sorbonne University UMRS1135, Inserm U1135, Laboratory "Immune microenvironment and immunotherapy", Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses Paris (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Karen Willard-Gallo
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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85
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Dissecting Tumor-Immune Microenvironment in Breast Cancer at a Spatial and Multiplex Resolution. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081999. [PMID: 35454904 PMCID: PMC9026731 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is an important player in breast cancer pathophysiology. Surrogates for antitumor immune response have been explored as predictive biomarkers to immunotherapy, though with several limitations. Immunohistochemistry for programmed death ligand 1 suffers from analytical problems, immune signatures are devoid of spatial information and histopathological evaluation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes exhibits interobserver variability. Towards improved understanding of the complex interactions in TIME, several emerging multiplex in situ methods are being developed and gaining much attention for protein detection. They enable the simultaneous evaluation of multiple targets in situ, detection of cell densities/subpopulations as well as estimations of functional states of immune infiltrate. Furthermore, they can characterize spatial organization of TIME—by cell-to-cell interaction analyses and the evaluation of distribution within different regions of interest and tissue compartments—while digital imaging and image analysis software allow for reproducibility of the various assays. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the different multiplex in situ methods used in cancer research with special focus on breast cancer TIME at the neoadjuvant, adjuvant and metastatic setting. Spatial heterogeneity of TIME and importance of longitudinal evaluation of TIME changes under the pressure of therapy and metastatic progression are also addressed.
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86
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Locy H, Verhulst S, Cools W, Waelput W, Brock S, Cras L, Schiettecatte A, Jonckheere J, van Grunsven LA, Vanhoeij M, Thielemans K, Breckpot K. Assessing Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Breast Cancer: A Proposal for Combining Immunohistochemistry and Gene Expression Analysis to Refine Scoring. Front Immunol 2022; 13:794175. [PMID: 35222378 PMCID: PMC8876933 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.794175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scoring of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer specimens has gained increasing attention, as TILs have prognostic and predictive value in HER2+ and triple-negative breast cancer. We evaluated the intra- and interrater variability when scoring TILs by visual inspection of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections. We further addressed whether immunohistochemical staining of these sections for immune cell surface markers CD45, CD3, CD4, and CD8 and combination with nanoString nCounter® gene expression analysis could refine TIL scoring. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and fresh-frozen core needle biopsies of 12 female and treatment-naive breast cancer patients were included. Scoring of TILs was performed twice by three independent pathologists with a washout period of 3 days. Increasing intra- and interrater variability was observed with higher TIL numbers. The highest reproducibility was observed on tissue sections stained for CD3 and CD8. The latter TIL scores correlated well with the TIL scores obtained through nanoString nCounter® gene expression analysis. Gene expression analysis also revealed 104 and 62 genes that are positively and negatively related to both TIL scores. In conclusion, integration of immunohistochemistry and gene expression analysis is a valuable strategy to refine TIL scoring in breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Locy
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences (BMWE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Hanne Locy, ; Karine Breckpot,
| | | | - Wilfried Cools
- Interfaculty Center Data processing and Statistics, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wim Waelput
- Department of Anatomo-Pathology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Brock
- Department of Anatomo-Pathology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Louise Cras
- Department of Anatomo-Pathology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences (BMWE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences (BMWE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Hanne Locy, ; Karine Breckpot,
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87
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Potential Role of CXCL13/CXCR5 Signaling in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020294. [PMID: 35053457 PMCID: PMC8774093 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy is currently the backbone of new drug treatments for many cancer patients. CXC chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) is an important factor involved in recruiting immune cells that express CXC chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5) in the tumor microenvironment and serves as a key molecular determinant of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) formation. An increasing number of studies have identified the influence of CXCL13 on prognosis in patients with cancer, regardless of the use of immunotherapy treatment. However, no comprehensive reviews of the role of CXCL13 in cancer immunotherapy have been published to date. This review aims to provide an overview of the CXCL13/CXCR5 signaling axis to summarize its mechanisms of action in cancer cells and lymphocytes, in addition to effects on immunity and cancer pathobiology, and its potential as a biomarker for the response to cancer immunotherapy. Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including antibodies that target programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), or cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), represent some of the most important breakthroughs in new drug development for oncology therapy from the past decade. CXC chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) exclusively binds CXC chemokine receptor type 5 (CXCR5), which plays a critical role in immune cell recruitment and activation and the regulation of the adaptive immune response. CXCL13 is a key molecular determinant of the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), which are organized aggregates of T, B, and dendritic cells that participate in the adaptive antitumor immune response. CXCL13 may also serve as a prognostic and predictive factor, and the role played by CXCL13 in some ICI-responsive tumor types has gained intense interest. This review discusses how CXCL13/CXCR5 signaling modulates cancer and immune cells to promote lymphocyte infiltration, activation by tumor antigens, and differentiation to increase the antitumor immune response. We also summarize recent preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the ICI-therapeutic implications of targeting the CXCL13/CXCR5 axis and discuss the potential role of this signaling pathway in cancer immunotherapy.
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88
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Cui C, Wang J, Fagerberg E, Chen PM, Connolly KA, Damo M, Cheung JF, Mao T, Askari AS, Chen S, Fitzgerald B, Foster GG, Eisenbarth SC, Zhao H, Craft J, Joshi NS. Neoantigen-driven B cell and CD4 T follicular helper cell collaboration promotes anti-tumor CD8 T cell responses. Cell 2021; 184:6101-6118.e13. [PMID: 34852236 PMCID: PMC8671355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CD4 T follicular helper (TFH) cells support B cells, which are critical for germinal center (GC) formation, but the importance of TFH-B cell interactions in cancer is unclear. We found enrichment of TFH cell transcriptional signature correlates with GC B cell signature and with prolonged survival in individuals with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We further developed a murine LUAD model in which tumor cells express B cell- and T cell-recognized neoantigens. Interactions between tumor-specific TFH and GC B cells, as well as interleukin (IL)-21 primarily produced by TFH cells, are necessary for tumor control and effector CD8 T cell function. Development of TFH cells requires B cells and B cell-recognized neoantigens. Thus, tumor neoantigens can regulate the fate of tumor-specific CD4 T cells by facilitating their interactions with tumor-specific B cells, which in turn promote anti-tumor immunity by enhancing CD8 T cell effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cui
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Eric Fagerberg
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ping-Min Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kelli A Connolly
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Martina Damo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Julie F Cheung
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tianyang Mao
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Adnan S Askari
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shuting Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Brittany Fitzgerald
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gena G Foster
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Lab Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Joseph Craft
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Nikhil S Joshi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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89
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Chen S, Jin Z, Xin L, Lv L, Zhang X, Gong Y, Liu J. Expression and Clinical Significance of Origin Recognition Complex Subunit 6 in Breast Cancer – A Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9733-9745. [PMID: 34934348 PMCID: PMC8684402 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s342597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate the expression, diagnostic and prognostic values, and potential molecular mechanisms of the origin recognition complex (ORC) in breast cancer (BC). Methods Kaplan–Meier estimation was used to assess the prognostic value of ORC genes, and Oncomine, TCGA, GEO and ULCAN databases were used to analyze their expression in BC. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to evaluate the relationship between ORC gene expression levels and BC clinicopathological features. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the diagnostic value of ORC genes in BC. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier estimation and Cox regression. A nomogram was constructed to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival probabilities in BC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immune infiltration were used to investigate potential molecular mechanisms of the ORC. Results ORC1L and ORC6L were highly expressed in BC compared with healthy tissue, while ORC5L expression patterns were inconsistent; no significant differences in ORC2L, ORC3L or ORC4L expression were observed between BC and healthy tissues. ORC1L and ORC6L expression levels were significantly correlated with age, tumor (T) stage and molecular subtype; ORC5L expression was significantly correlated with age and number of nearby lymph nodes with cancer (N stage). ORC6L expression had the highest diagnostic value in BC and was an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival (OS). ORC6L may be involved in cell cycle progression and may regulate cancer signaling pathways, including NF-κB, P53, and WNT, in BC. ORC6L expression was also associated with immune infiltration. Conclusion ORC1L and ORC6L are highly expressed in BC; ORC6L has a high diagnostic value and is an independent prognostic factor for poor OS. ORC6L may be involved in the initiation and progression of BC by regulating cell cycle progression, promoting cancer signaling pathway activation, and influencing tumor immune cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nangning, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyao Jin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linfeng Xin
- Clinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lv Lv
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yizhen Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nangning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianlun Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nangning, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jianlun Liu Email
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90
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Boisson A, Noël G, Saiselet M, Rodrigues-Vitória J, Thomas N, Fontsa ML, Sofronii D, Naveaux C, Duvillier H, Craciun L, Larsimont D, Awada A, Detours V, Willard-Gallo K, Garaud S. Fluorescent Multiplex Immunohistochemistry Coupled With Other State-Of-The-Art Techniques to Systematically Characterize the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:673042. [PMID: 34621785 PMCID: PMC8490683 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.673042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our expanding knowledge of the interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment has helped to revolutionize cancer treatments, including the more recent development of immunotherapies. Immune cells are an important component of the tumor microenvironment that influence progression and treatment responses, particularly to the new immunotherapies. Technological advances that help to decipher the complexity and diversity of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) are increasingly used in translational research and biomarker studies. Current techniques that facilitate TIME evaluation include flow cytometry, multiplex bead-based immunoassays, chromogenic immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescent multiplex IHC, immunofluorescence, and spatial transcriptomics. This article offers an overview of our representative data, discusses the application of each approach to studies of the TIME, including their advantages and challenges, and reviews the potential clinical applications. Flow cytometry and chromogenic and fluorescent multiplex IHC were used to immune profile a HER2+ breast cancer, illustrating some points. Spatial transcriptomic analysis of a luminal B breast tumor demonstrated that important additional insight can be gained from this new technique. Finally, the development of a multiplex panel to identify proliferating B cells, Tfh, and Tfr cells on the same tissue section demonstrates their co-localization in tertiary lymphoid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Boisson
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Grégory Noël
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Noémie Thomas
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mireille Langouo Fontsa
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Doïna Sofronii
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Céline Naveaux
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hugues Duvillier
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ligia Craciun
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Denis Larsimont
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ahmad Awada
- Oncology Medicine Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Karen Willard-Gallo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Soizic Garaud
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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