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Davis RP, Simmons LM, Shaw SL, Sass GG, Sard NM, Isermann DA, Larson WA, Homola JJ. Demographic patterns of walleye ( Sander vitreus) reproductive success in a Wisconsin population. Evol Appl 2024; 17:e13665. [PMID: 38468712 PMCID: PMC10925830 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Harvest in walleye Sander vitreus fisheries is size-selective and could influence phenotypic traits of spawners; however, contributions of individual spawners to recruitment are unknown. We used parentage analyses using single nucleotide polymorphisms to test whether parental traits were related to the probability of offspring survival in Escanaba Lake, Wisconsin. From 2017 to 2020, 1339 adults and 1138 juveniles were genotyped and 66% of the offspring were assigned to at least one parent. Logistic regression indicated the probability of reproductive success (survival of age-0 to first fall) was positively (but weakly) related to total length and growth rate in females, but not age. No traits analyzed were related to reproductive success for males. Our analysis identified the model with the predictors' growth rate and year for females and the models with year and age and year for males as the most likely models to explain variation in reproductive success. Our findings indicate that interannual variation (i.e., environmental conditions) likely plays a key role in determining the probability of reproductive success in this population and provide limited support that female age, length, and growth rate influence recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Davis
- Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research UnitUniversity of Wisconsin‐Stevens PointStevens PointWisconsinUSA
| | - Levi M. Simmons
- Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research UnitUniversity of Wisconsin‐Stevens PointStevens PointWisconsinUSA
| | - Stephanie L. Shaw
- Office of Applied Science, Wisconsin Department of Natural ResourcesEscanaba Lake Research StationBoulder JunctionWisconsinUSA
| | - Greg G. Sass
- Office of Applied Science, Wisconsin Department of Natural ResourcesEscanaba Lake Research StationBoulder JunctionWisconsinUSA
| | - Nicholas M. Sard
- Department of Biological SciencesState University of New York‐OswegoOswegoNew YorkUSA
| | - Daniel A. Isermann
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research UnitUniversity of Wisconsin‐Stevens PointStevens PointWisconsinUSA
| | - Wesley A. Larson
- National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay LaboratoriesNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationJuneauAlaskaUSA
| | - Jared J. Homola
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research UnitUniversity of Wisconsin‐Stevens PointStevens PointWisconsinUSA
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Patel B, Davis RP, Saatee S. Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices in the Elderly. Anesthesiol Clin 2023; 41:583-594. [PMID: 37516496 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
As the field of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) continues to advance and resuscitation protocols are being refined, elderly patients previously not considered for MCS are now being supported. MCS devices can broadly be classified based on the duration of support into temporary or durable devices. Although mortality is higher in the elderly, carefully selected patients, MCS support can be valuable and lead to excellent recovery. Age itself should not preclude patients from being candidates for MCS because we must not restrict the progress of science in medicine for any age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoumesh Patel
- Division of Cardiac Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 208051, New Haven, CT 06520-8051, USA.
| | - Robert P Davis
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, P.O. Box 208051, New Haven, CT 06520-8051, USA
| | - Siavosh Saatee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, 251 East Huron St., F5-704, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Jiang B, Wang S, Song G, Jiang Q, Fan M, Fang C, Li X, Soh CL, Manes TD, Cheru N, Qin L, Ren P, Jortner B, Wang Q, Quaranta E, Yoo P, Geirsson A, Davis RP, Tellides G, Pober JS, Jane-Wit D. Hedgehog-induced ZFYVE21 promotes chronic vascular inflammation by activating NLRP3 inflammasomes in T cells. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabo3406. [PMID: 36943921 PMCID: PMC10061549 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo3406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The zinc finger protein ZFYVE21 is involved in immune signaling. Using humanized mouse models, primary human cells, and patient samples, we identified a T cell-autonomous role for ZFYVE21 in promoting chronic vascular inflammation associated with allograft vasculopathy. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) stimulated endothelial cells to produce Hedgehog (Hh) ligands, which in turn induced the production of ZFYVE21 in a population of T memory cells with high amounts of the Hh receptor PTCH1 (PTCHhi cells, CD3+CD4+CD45RO+PTCH1hiPD-1hi), vigorous recruitment to injured endothelia, and increased effector responses in vivo. After priming by interferon-γ (IFN-γ), Hh-induced ZFYVE21 activated NLRP3 inflammasome activity in T cells, which potentiated IFN-γ responses. Hh-induced NLRP3 inflammasomes and T cell-specific ZFYVE21 augmented the vascular sequelae of chronic inflammation in mice engrafted with human endothelial cells or coronary arteries that had been subjected to IRI before engraftment. Moreover, the population of PTCHhi T cells producing high amounts of ZFYVE21 was expanded in patients with renal transplant-associated IRI, and sera from these patients expanded this population in control T cells in a manner that depended on Hh signaling. We conclude that Hh-induced ZFYVE21 activates NLRP3 inflammasomes in T cells, thereby promoting chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Division of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Guiyu Song
- Division of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Quan Jiang
- Division of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Matthew Fan
- Division of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Caodi Fang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xue Li
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Chien Lin Soh
- University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Hills Rd., Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Thomas D Manes
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Nardos Cheru
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lingfeng Qin
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Pengwei Ren
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bianca Jortner
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Qianxun Wang
- Division of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Emma Quaranta
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peter Yoo
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Arnar Geirsson
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Robert P Davis
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jordan S Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Dan Jane-Wit
- Division of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Al-Yasiri L, Davis RP, D'souza S, Patel TR, van der Meer F, Whiteside DP, Michalak TI, Jenne CN, Coffin CS. A241 CHARACTERIZING KUPFFER CELL-VIRUS INTERACTIONS IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING VIRAL INVASION AND IN ACUTE HEPATITIS IN THE WOODCHUCK HEPATITIS VIRUS MODEL OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTIONS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991394 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are one of the largest global infectious disease burdens, despite the availability of a preventative vaccine. The virus infects the liver which is a vital organ that plays a critical role in homeostasis due to its metabolic and immunoregulatory functions. Kupffer cells (KCs) are considered to be a first line of immune defense for protection of hepatocytes. Both woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and HBV are members of Hepadnaviridae and demonstrate comparable infection outcomes and progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. North American woodchucks (Marmota monax) infected with WHV present a natural infection model for the assessment of acute and chronic hepadnaviral infections. We hypothesize that KC absence in acute viral hepatitis leads to chronic infections by impacting downstream virus processing and immune responses. Purpose We aim to uncover the early host-virus interactions in acute WHV infections to facilitate our understanding of the risk of progression to chronic infection and the immunopathogenic mechanisms involved in chronic hepatitis. Method We designed and optimized in-house WHV and woodchuck-specific assays to assess intrahepatic and systemic virus presence and anti-viral immune responses which occur following WHV invasion (<24 hours) and infection (4-6 weeks). A live imaging protocol was developed for capturing real-time events in a living host. Next, we optimized macrophage depletion in woodchucks to evaluate virus invasion and acute infection outcomes in the presence and absence of KCs. Using purified and fluorescently labelled WHV virions (concentrations exceeding 1010VGE copies/ml), we imaged host cell-hepadnaviral interactions and characterized immunological and virological differences between KC-depleted animals and non-depleted animals. Result(s) Ex vivo assessment of the consequences of KC depletion during invasion have been evaluated within 1- and at 24-hour post-virus injection. Intravital microscopy (IVM) revealed that the virus traffics to, and accumulates within, the liver 10 seconds following intravenous administration, demonstrating direct binding and capture by liver macrophages. In contrast, virus only begins to accumulate in the KC-non-depleted control minutes after infection in a randomized manner. Preliminary invasion results indicate that in both the KC-depleted and non-depleted animals, virus is most readily detectable in the blood within the first hour following viral administration. By 24-hours post-virus injection the highest viral load in non-depleted woodchucks was identified in the liver whereas in KC-depleted woodchucks, the highest viral loads were found in the spleen 24-hours post-injection. Conclusion(s) We have successfully captured the early host-virus interactions and continue to uncover the role of KCs in viral hepatitis infections. Tracking the initial interactions allows us to understand the events promoting viral dissemination and development of chronic hepatitis. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R P Davis
- Immunology, University of Calgary, Calgary
| | - S D'souza
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
| | - T R Patel
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge
| | - F van der Meer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary
| | - D P Whiteside
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary
| | - T I Michalak
- Molecular Virology & Hepatology Research Group, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's
| | - C N Jenne
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases
| | - C S Coffin
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases,Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Furze RC, Molnar J, Parr NJ, Ahmad F, Henry Y, Howe D, Singh R, Toal M, Bassil AK, Bernard SG, Davis RP, Gibson A, Maller NC, Sharp C, Tough DF, Prinjha RK, Lewis HD. Phase 1 and preclinical profiling of ESM-HDAC391, a myeloid-targeted histone deacetylase inhibitor, shows enhanced pharmacology and monocytopaenia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 88:5238-5256. [PMID: 35655123 PMCID: PMC9796293 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To improve the tolerability and therapeutic application of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), by application of an esterase-sensitive motif (ESM), to target pharmacological activity directly to mononuclear myeloid cells expressing the processing enzyme carboxylesterase-1 (CES1). METHODS This first-in-human study comprised single and multiple ascending dose cohorts to determine safety and tolerability. Pharmacodynamic parameters included acetylation, cytokine inhibition and intracellular concentrations of processed acid metabolite in isolated monocytes. Mechanistic work was conducted in vitro and in a CES1/Es1elo mouse strain. RESULTS ESM-HDAC391 showed transient systemic exposure (plasma half-life of 21-30 min) but selective retention of processed acid for at least 12 hours, resulting in robust targeted mechanistic engagement (increased acetylation in monocytes plus inhibition of ex vivo stimulated cytokine production). ESM-HDAC391 was well tolerated and clinical toxicities common to non-targeted HDACi were not observed. ESM-HDAC391 treatment was accompanied by the novel finding of a dose-dependent monocyte depletion that was transient and reversible and which plateaued at 0.06 × 109 monocytes/L after repeat dosing with 20 or 40 mg. Characterisation of monocyte depletion in transgenic mice (CES1/Es1elo ) suggested that colony stimulating factor 1 receptor loss on circulating cells contributed to ESM-HDAC-mediated depletion. Further mechanistic investigations using human monocytes in vitro demonstrated HDACi-mediated change in myeloid fate through modulation of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor and downstream effects on cell differentiation. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate selective targeting of monocytes in humans using the ESM approach and identify monocytopaenia as a novel outcome of ESM-HDACi treatment, with implications for potential benefit of these molecules in myeloid-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judit Molnar
- Research & DevelopmentGlaxoSmithKlineStevenageHertfordshireUK,GalapagosCambridgeUK
| | - Nigel J. Parr
- Research & DevelopmentGlaxoSmithKlineStevenageHertfordshireUK,MoonFire Consultancy LtdHertfordshireUK
| | - Faiz Ahmad
- Research & DevelopmentGlaxoSmithKlineStevenageHertfordshireUK,Galderma R&DFort WorthTXUSA
| | - Yvette Henry
- Research & DevelopmentGlaxoSmithKlineStevenageHertfordshireUK,YMH‐Management LtdLancashireUK
| | - David Howe
- Research & DevelopmentGlaxoSmithKlineStevenageHertfordshireUK,SoseiHeptaresCambridgeUK
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Research & DevelopmentGlaxoSmithKlineStevenageHertfordshireUK,GlaxoSmithKlineCollegevillePAUSA
| | - Martin Toal
- Research & DevelopmentGlaxoSmithKlineStevenageHertfordshireUK,Conan Biopharma ConsultingWokinghamUK
| | - Anna K. Bassil
- Research & DevelopmentGlaxoSmithKlineStevenageHertfordshireUK
| | | | - Robert P. Davis
- Research & DevelopmentGlaxoSmithKlineStevenageHertfordshireUK
| | - Adele Gibson
- Research & DevelopmentGlaxoSmithKlineStevenageHertfordshireUK
| | | | - Catriona Sharp
- Research & DevelopmentGlaxoSmithKlineStevenageHertfordshireUK
| | - David F. Tough
- Research & DevelopmentGlaxoSmithKlineStevenageHertfordshireUK
| | - Rab K. Prinjha
- Research & DevelopmentGlaxoSmithKlineStevenageHertfordshireUK
| | - Huw D. Lewis
- Research & DevelopmentGlaxoSmithKlineStevenageHertfordshireUK
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Davis RP, Boyd CE, Gonzalez A, Shatova O, Wakefield J, McNevin AA, Davis DA. The effect of commercial scale processing on trace element concentrations in shrimp muscle tissue – A preliminary study from two processors in Thailand and Ecuador. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Davis RP, Boyd CE, Godumala R, Ch Mohan AB, Gonzalez A, Duy NP, Sasmita J PG, Ahyani N, Shatova O, Wakefield J, Harris B, McNevin AA, Davis DA. Assessing the variability and discriminatory power of elemental fingerprints in whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei from major shrimp production countries. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
The contribution of aquatic animal protein to the global, animal-source protein supply and the relative importance of aquaculture to capture fisheries in supplying this protein is relevant in assessments and decisions related to the future of aquatic food production and its security. Meat of terrestrial animals, milk, and eggs resulted in 76,966 Kt crude protein compared with 13,950 Kt or 15.3% from aquatic animals in 2018.While aquaculture produced a greater tonnage of aquatic animals, capture fisheries resulted in 7,135 Kt crude protein while aquaculture yielded 6,815 Kt. Capture fisheries production has not increased in the past two decades, and aquaculture production must increase to assure the growing demand for fisheries products by a larger and more affluent population. We estimated based on status quo consumption, that aquaculture production would need to increase from 82,087 Kt in 2018 to 129,000 Kt by 2050 to meet the demand of the greater population. About two-thirds of finfish and crustacean production by aquaculture is feed-based, and feeds for these species include fishmeal and fish oil as ingredients. Aquaculture feeds require a major portion of the global supply of fishmeal and fish oil. An estimated 71.0% of fishmeal and 73.9% of fish oil are made from the catch with the rest coming from aquatic animal processing waste. The catch of small, pelagic fish from the ocean is not predicted to increase in the future. Aquaculture should reduce its fishmeal and oil use to lessen its dependency on small wild fish important to the integrity of marine food webs and food security for the poor in many coastal areas. Fishmeal and fish oil shortages for use in aquaculture feed will result in a limit on production in the future if goals to lessen their use in feeds are not met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude E. Boyd
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849 USA
| | | | - Robert P. Davis
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849 USA
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Fuery MA, Chouairi F, Natov P, Bhinder J, Rose Chiravuri M, Wilson L, Clark KA, Reinhardt SW, Mullan C, Elliott Miller P, Davis RP, Rogers JG, Patel CB, Sen S, Geirsson A, Anwer M, Desai N, Ahmad T. Trends and Outcomes of Cardiac Transplantation in the Lowest Urgency Candidates. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e023662. [PMID: 34743559 PMCID: PMC9075266 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Due to discrepancies between donor supply and recipient demand, the cardiac transplantation process aims to prioritize the most medically urgent patients. It remains unknown how recipients with the lowest medical urgency compare to others in the allocation process. We aimed to examine differences in clinical characteristics, organ allocation patterns, and outcomes between cardiac transplantation candidates with the lowest and highest medical urgency. Methods and Results We performed a retrospective analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing database. Patients listed for cardiac transplantation between January 2011 and May 2020 were stratified according to status at time of transplantation. Baseline recipient and donor characteristics, waitlist survival, and post-transplantation outcomes were compared in the years before and after the 2018 allocation system change. Lower urgency patients in the old system were older (58.5 vs. 56 years) and more likely female (54.4% vs. 23.8%) compared to the highest urgency patients, and these trends persisted in the new system (p<0.001, all). Donors for the lowest urgency patients were more likely older, female, or have a history of CMV, hepatitis C, or diabetes (p<0.01, all). The lowest urgency patients had longer waitlist times, and under the new allocation system received organs from shorter distances with decreased ischemic times (178 vs. 269 miles, 3.1 vs 3.5 hours, p<0,001, all). There was no difference in post-transplantation survival (p<0.01, all). Conclusions Patients transplanted as lower urgency receive hearts from donors with additional comorbidities compared to higher urgency patients, but outcomes are similar at one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Fuery
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | - Fouad Chouairi
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | - Peter Natov
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | - Jasjit Bhinder
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | | | - Lynn Wilson
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | - Katherine A Clark
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | | | - Clancy Mullan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | - P Elliott Miller
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | - Robert P Davis
- Division of Cardiac Surgery Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | | | - Chetan B Patel
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Duke University Durham NC
| | - Sounok Sen
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | - Arnar Geirsson
- Division of Cardiac Surgery Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | - Muhammad Anwer
- Division of Cardiac Surgery Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | - Nihar Desai
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | - Tariq Ahmad
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT
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Davis RP, Davis DA, Boyd CE. A preliminary survey of antibiotic residues in frozen shrimp from retail stores in the United States. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:679-683. [PMID: 34632410 PMCID: PMC8495020 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shrimp are an important and valuable commodity for aquaculture that are widely traded internationally. Widespread antibiotic use has been documented in shrimp farming and is a common source of criticism of aquaculture products. Additionally, previous reports have found some evidence of antibiotic residues in shrimp samples obtained from retail stores in the United States, which is a concern for consumers. To further understand the prevalence of antibiotics in retail shrimp in the United States, shrimp samples obtained from grocery stores across 16 states were analyzed for 74 antibiotic compounds/metabolites at a commercial laboratory. 68 samples were analyzed for a multiclass antibiotic panel which included 66 antibiotics while a subset of 15 samples were analyzed for β-lactam antibiotics, Nitrofurans, and Oxytetracycline. Samples were obtained that were labeled as being from major production countries, including India, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam. No detectable antibiotic residues were found in this survey in any samples. This is contrary to previous findings in frozen shrimp analyzed for antibiotics, which typically report low levels of the prevalence of antibiotics. Shrimp were collected from grocery stores in various locations in the US. 68 samples were tested for a panel of 66 antibiotics. 15 samples were tested for β-lactam, nitrofuran, and tetracycline residues. Testing showed no positive results for antibiotic residues. Larger surveys are needed to determine the presence of antibiotics in shrimp products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Davis
- Auburn Univeristy, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, Al, 36849, United States
| | - D Allen Davis
- Auburn Univeristy, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, Al, 36849, United States
| | - Claude E Boyd
- Auburn Univeristy, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, Al, 36849, United States
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Galkanda-Arachchige HSC, Davis RP, Nazeer S, Ibarra-Castro L, Davis DA. Effect of salinity on growth, survival, and serum osmolality of red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus. Fish Physiol Biochem 2021; 47:1687-1696. [PMID: 34467468 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-01009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three trials were conducted to evaluate the performances of red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, in low salinities. The median lethal concentration (96 h LC50) of salinity was determined by trimmed Spearman-Karber method using survival data of fish (18.9 ± 0.2 g) collected after 96 h from acclimation to 2, 4, 8, and 32 ppt salinities in 800 L tanks (n = 3), while the serum osmolality of fish (74.1 ± 3.9 g) was determined after 48 h from acclimation to 6, 8, 16, 24, and 32 ppt salinities in 150 L tanks (n = 3). The growth trial was conducted for 6 weeks in 800 L tanks to determine the growth and survival of fish (18.8 ± 0.2 g) at 8 ppt salinity compared to the control (32 ppt salinity). At the conclusion, the isosmotic point of fish was estimated as 357.2 mmol/kg (correspond to 11.0 ppt salinity), while the 96 h LC50 was estimated as 5.65 ppt salinity. No significant differences were noted for survival and FCR of fish reared in 8 and 32 ppt salinities. However, growth was significantly lower in fish reared in 8 ppt salinity compared to the fish reared in 32 ppt salinity. The reduced growth could be, at least partially, due to the increased osmoregulatory energy expenditure at lower salinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha S C Galkanda-Arachchige
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, 203, Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849-5419, USA.
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Faculty of Livestock, Fisheries and Nutrition, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Makandura, Gonawila, Sri Lanka.
| | - Robert P Davis
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, 203, Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849-5419, USA
| | - Sidra Nazeer
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, 203, Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849-5419, USA
| | | | - D Allen Davis
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, 203, Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, 36849-5419, USA
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Nasilli G, Yiangou L, Palandri C, Verkerk AO, Davis RP, Casini S, Remme CA. Mexiletine rescues the mixed phenotype in SCN5A-1795insD hiPSC-CMs. Europace 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab116.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
The sodium channel blocker mexiletine can reduce late sodium current (INa) in patients with LQT3 syndrome, and additionally restore the decreased peak INa associated with SCN5A loss of function mutations.
Purpose
To investigate whether mexiletinecan rescue the mixed phenotype associated with the SCN5A-1795insD mutation in human induced pluripotent stem cells derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs).
Methods and Results
HEK293 cells transfected with SCN5A-1795insD and SCN5A-WT and hiPSC-CMs from a patient carrying the SCN5A-1795insD mutation were incubated with a therapeutic dose of mexiletine (10 µM) or vehicle (H2O) for 48h. Peak INa, late INa and action potential (AP) properties were assessed by patch-clamp analysis. In HEK-293 cells transfected with SCN5A-1795insD or SCN5A-WT, exposure to mexiletine caused a significant increase in peak INa, in addition to a small increase in late INa in HEK-293 cells transfected with SCN5A-1795insD. In 1795insD hiPSC-CMs, peak INa was significantly increased whereas late INa was unchanged after mexiletine treatment. Accordingly, mexiletine increased AP upstroke velocity in SCN5A-1795insD hiPSC-CMs (indicating a rescue of INa availability), while AP amplitude, resting membrane potential and AP duration were unaffected.
Conclusions
Chronic treatment with a therapeutic concentration of mexiletine is capable of rescuing the mixed phenotype in SCN5A-1795insD hiPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Nasilli
- Amsterdam UMC - Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - L Yiangou
- Leiden University Medical Center, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
| | - C Palandri
- University of Florence, NeuroFarBa Department, Florence, Italy
| | - AO Verkerk
- Amsterdam UMC - Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - RP Davis
- Leiden University Medical Center, Anatomy and Embryology Department, Leiden, Netherlands (The)
| | - S Casini
- Amsterdam UMC - Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (The)
| | - CA Remme
- Amsterdam UMC - Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands (The)
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13
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Pei J, Schuldt M, Nagyova E, Gu Z, El Bouhaddani S, Yiangou L, Jansen M, Calis JJA, Dorsch LM, Blok CS, van den Dungen NAM, Lansu N, Boukens BJ, Efimov IR, Michels M, Verhaar MC, de Weger R, Vink A, van Steenbeek FG, Baas AF, Davis RP, Uh HW, Kuster DWD, Cheng C, Mokry M, van der Velden J, Asselbergs FW, Harakalova M. Multi-omics integration identifies key upstream regulators of pathomechanisms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy due to truncating MYBPC3 mutations. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:61. [PMID: 33757590 PMCID: PMC7989210 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic disease of the cardiac muscle, frequently caused by mutations in MYBPC3. However, little is known about the upstream pathways and key regulators causing the disease. Therefore, we employed a multi-omics approach to study the pathomechanisms underlying HCM comparing patient hearts harboring MYBPC3 mutations to control hearts. RESULTS Using H3K27ac ChIP-seq and RNA-seq we obtained 9310 differentially acetylated regions and 2033 differentially expressed genes, respectively, between 13 HCM and 10 control hearts. We obtained 441 differentially expressed proteins between 11 HCM and 8 control hearts using proteomics. By integrating multi-omics datasets, we identified a set of DNA regions and genes that differentiate HCM from control hearts and 53 protein-coding genes as the major contributors. This comprehensive analysis consistently points toward altered extracellular matrix formation, muscle contraction, and metabolism. Therefore, we studied enriched transcription factor (TF) binding motifs and identified 9 motif-encoded TFs, including KLF15, ETV4, AR, CLOCK, ETS2, GATA5, MEIS1, RXRA, and ZFX. Selected candidates were examined in stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes with and without mutated MYBPC3. Furthermore, we observed an abundance of acetylation signals and transcripts derived from cardiomyocytes compared to non-myocyte populations. CONCLUSIONS By integrating histone acetylome, transcriptome, and proteome profiles, we identified major effector genes and protein networks that drive the pathological changes in HCM with mutated MYBPC3. Our work identifies 38 highly affected protein-coding genes as potential plasma HCM biomarkers and 9 TFs as potential upstream regulators of these pathomechanisms that may serve as possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pei
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht (RMU), University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, DIG-D, UMC Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Schuldt
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Nagyova
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Z Gu
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Support, UMC Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S El Bouhaddani
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Support, UMC Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L Yiangou
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Jansen
- Department of Genetics, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, UMC Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J J A Calis
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht (RMU), University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L M Dorsch
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Snijders Blok
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N A M van den Dungen
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N Lansu
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B J Boukens
- Department of Medical Biology, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, GWU, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M Michels
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcentre, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M C Verhaar
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht (RMU), University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, DIG-D, UMC Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R de Weger
- Department of Pathology, UMC Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Vink
- Department of Pathology, UMC Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F G van Steenbeek
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht (RMU), University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A F Baas
- Department of Genetics, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, UMC Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R P Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H W Uh
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Support, UMC Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D W D Kuster
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Cheng
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht (RMU), University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, DIG-D, UMC Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, GWU, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M Mokry
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht (RMU), University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Paediatrics, UMC Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F W Asselbergs
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Room E03.818, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - M Harakalova
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht (RMU), University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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14
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Gloria JN, Yerxa J, Kesseli SJ, Davis RP, Samoylova ML, Barbas AS, Hartwig MG. Subnormothermic ex vivo lung perfusion attenuates graft inflammation in a rat transplant model. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 164:e59-e70. [PMID: 33640121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ex vivo lung perfusion has emerged as a novel technique to safely preserve lungs before transplantation. Recent studies have demonstrated an accumulation of inflammatory molecules in the perfusate during ex vivo lung perfusion. These proinflammatory molecules, including damage-associated molecular patterns and inflammatory cytokines, may contribute to acute and chronic allograft dysfunction. At present, ex vivo lung perfusion is performed clinically at normothermic temperature (37°C). The effect of lowering temperature to the subnormothermic range during ex vivo lung perfusion has not been reported. In this study, we hypothesized that lower ex vivo lung perfusion temperature will lead to a reduction in allograft inflammation and result in improved post-transplant graft function. METHODS Lewis rat heart-lung blocs underwent 4 hours of ex vivo lung perfusion in 3 temperature groups: 37°C (MP37), 30°C (MP30), and 25°C (MP25). In the control group, lung grafts were preserved by static cold storage before transplantation. After ex vivo lung perfusion or static cold storage, the left lung was transplanted for 2 hours before the animal was killed. Sera and tissue were collected and analyzed. RESULTS There were no differences in partial pressure of arterial oxygenation to fraction of inspired oxygen ratios during 4 hours of ex vivo lung perfusion between temperature groups. Tumor necrosis factor α significantly increased in the MP37 group during ex vivo lung perfusion, whereas this was not seen at lower temperatures. Extracellular DNA and high-mobility group box 1 perfusate concentrations increased significantly during ex vivo lung perfusion in all groups, but the rate of increase was diminished at lower temperature. Two hours post-transplant, there were no significant differences in partial pressure of arterial oxygenation to fraction of inspired oxygen ratios of the lung graft or serum damage-associated molecular pattern levels among groups. On histologic grading after transplantation, greater injury was observed in the MP30 and MP37 groups, but not MP25, when compared with static cold storage. CONCLUSIONS Subnormothermic ex vivo lung perfusion at 25°C reduces the production of inflammatory mediators during ex vivo lung perfusion and is associated with reduced histologic graft injury after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Yerxa
- Division of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Samuel J Kesseli
- Division of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC.
| | - Robert P Davis
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Mariya L Samoylova
- Division of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Andrew S Barbas
- Division of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Matthew G Hartwig
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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15
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Wellaway CR, Amans D, Bamborough P, Barnett H, Bit RA, Brown JA, Carlson NR, Chung CW, Cooper AWJ, Craggs PD, Davis RP, Dean TW, Evans JP, Gordon L, Harada IL, Hirst DJ, Humphreys PG, Jones KL, Lewis AJ, Lindon MJ, Lugo D, Mahmood M, McCleary S, Medeiros P, Mitchell DJ, O’Sullivan M, Le Gall A, Patel VK, Patten C, Poole DL, Shah RR, Smith JE, Stafford KAJ, Thomas PJ, Vimal M, Wall ID, Watson RJ, Wellaway N, Yao G, Prinjha RK. Discovery of a Bromodomain and Extraterminal Inhibitor with a Low Predicted Human Dose through Synergistic Use of Encoded Library Technology and Fragment Screening. J Med Chem 2020; 63:714-746. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominique Amans
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Paul Bamborough
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Heather Barnett
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Rino A. Bit
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Jack A. Brown
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Neil R. Carlson
- GSK, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Chun-wa Chung
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Peter D. Craggs
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Robert P. Davis
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Tony W. Dean
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - John P. Evans
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Laurie Gordon
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - David J. Hirst
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Dave Lugo
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Mahnoor Mahmood
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Scott McCleary
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Patricia Medeiros
- GSK, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | | | | | - Armelle Le Gall
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Chris Patten
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Darren L. Poole
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Rishi R. Shah
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Jane E. Smith
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | | | - Mythily Vimal
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ian D. Wall
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | | | - Gang Yao
- GSK, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Rab K. Prinjha
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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16
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Scheuermann U, Truong T, Seyferth ER, Freischlag K, Gao Q, Yerxa J, Ezekian B, Davis RP, Schroder PM, Peskoe SB, Barbas AS. Kidney Donor Profile Index Is a Reliable Alternative to Liver Donor Risk Index in Quantifying Graft Quality in Liver Transplantation. Transplant Direct 2019; 5:e511. [PMID: 32095506 PMCID: PMC7004589 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. The most established metric for estimating graft survival from donor characteristics in liver transplantation is the liver donor risk index (LDRI). The LDRI is calculated from donor and transplant-related variables, including cold ischemic time. Because cold ischemic time is unknown at the time of organ offer, LDRI is not available for organ acceptance decisions. In contrast, the kidney donor profile index (KDPI) is derived purely from donor variables known at the time of offer and thus calculated for every deceased donor in the United States. The similarity in donor factors included in LDRI and KDPI led us to hypothesize that KDPI would reliably approximate LDRI in estimating graft survival in liver transplantation. Methods. The United Network of Organ Sharing registry was queried for adults who underwent deceased donor liver transplantation from 2002 to 2016. The cohort was divided into quintiles of KDPI and LDRI, and graft survival was calculated according to Kaplan Meier. Hazard ratios for LDRI and KDPI were estimated from Cox proportional hazards models, and Uno’s concordance statistic was compared. Results. In our analysis of 63 906 cases, KDPI closely approximated LDRI in estimating liver graft survival, with an equivalent concordance statistic of 0.56. Conclusions. We conclude that KDPI can serve as a reasonable alternative to LDRI in liver acceptance decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Scheuermann
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Tracy Truong
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | | | - Kyle Freischlag
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Qimeng Gao
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - John Yerxa
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Brian Ezekian
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Robert P Davis
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Paul M Schroder
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Sarah B Peskoe
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Andrew S Barbas
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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17
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Bendersky VA, Mulvihill MS, Yerokun BA, Ezekian B, Davis RP, Hartwig MG, Barbas AS. Elevated Donor Hemoglobin A1C Impairs Kidney Graft Survival From Deceased Donors With Diabetes Mellitus: A National Analysis. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2019; 17:613-618. [DOI: 10.6002/ect.2017.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Mulvihill MS, Samy KP, Gao QA, Schmitz R, Davis RP, Ezekian B, Leopardi F, Song M, How T, Williams K, Barbas A, Collins B, Kirk AD. Secondary lymphoid tissue and costimulation-blockade resistant rejection: A nonhuman primate renal transplant study. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:2350-2357. [PMID: 30891931 PMCID: PMC6658331 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Naïve T cell activation requires antigen presentation combined with costimulation through CD28, both of which optimally occur in secondary lymphoid tissues such as lymph nodes and the spleen. Belatacept impairs CD28 costimulation by binding its ligands, CD80 and CD86, and in doing so, impairs de novo alloimmune responses. However, in most patients belatacept is ineffective in preventing allograft rejection when used as a monotherapy, and adjuvant therapy is required for control of costimulation-blockade resistant rejection (CoBRR). In rodent models, impaired access to secondary lymphoid tissues has been demonstrated to reduce alloimmune responses to vascularized allografts. Here we show that surgical maneuvers, lymphatic ligation, and splenectomy, designed to anatomically limit access to secondary lymphoid tissues, control CoBRR and facilitate belatacept monotherapy in a nonhuman primate model of kidney transplantation without adjuvant immunotherapy. We further demonstrate that animals sustained on belatacept monotherapy progressively develop an increasingly naïve T and B cell repertoire, an effect that is accelerated by splenectomy and lost at the time of belatacept withdrawal and rejection. These pilot data inform the role of secondary lymphoid tissues on the development of CoBRR and the use of costimulation molecule-focused therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Mulvihill
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kannan P Samy
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Qimeng A Gao
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Robin Schmitz
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Robert P Davis
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brian Ezekian
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Francis Leopardi
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mingqing Song
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tam How
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kyha Williams
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrew Barbas
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bradley Collins
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Allan D Kirk
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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19
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Scheuermann U, Zhu M, Song M, Yerxa J, Gao Q, Davis RP, Zhang M, Parker W, Hartwig MG, Kwun J, Brennan TV, Lee J, Barbas AS. Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns Induce Inflammatory Injury During Machine Preservation of the Liver: Potential Targets to Enhance a Promising Technology. Liver Transpl 2019; 25:610-626. [PMID: 30734488 PMCID: PMC6593678 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Machine preservation (MP) has emerged as a promising technology in liver transplantation, but the cellular processes occurring during MP have not been characterized. Recent studies have noted the presence of inflammatory molecules generated during MP. We hypothesized that there is a metabolism-dependent accumulation of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and inflammatory cytokines during MP and that these molecules provoke inflammation in the graft. To stratify groups by metabolic rate, MP was performed on rat livers from standard donors at 3 different temperatures: room temperature (RT), subnormothermic (30°C), and normothermic (37°C). Static cold storage at 4°C was included as a reference group. Following a 4-hour preservation period, graft reperfusion was performed ex vivo at 37°C (n = 6 for all groups). Levels of DAMPs and inflammatory cytokines were measured, and their biological activity was assessed by determining toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation, inflammatory gene expression, and activation of cell death pathways. There was a time-dependent increase in levels of DAMPs during MP with high-mobility group box 1 and extracellular DNA levels increasing for all groups (P < 0.05, 30 versus 240 minutes). Tumor necrosis factor α levels in the perfusate also increased during MP for all groups (P < 0.05, 30 minutes versus 240 minutes). Levels of inflammatory molecules correlated with increased activation of TLRs (TLR3, P = 0.02, normothermic machine preservation [MP37] versus machine preservation at room temperature [MPRT]; TLR9, P = 0.02, MP37 versus MPRT). Priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome and activation of cell death pathways were reduced in grafts preserved by MP at room temperature. In conclusion, inflammatory molecules produced during MP have a biological impact on the graft. Therapies to attenuate DAMP-mediated inflammation during MP may further enhance this promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minghua Zhu
- Department of SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
| | - Mingqing Song
- Department of SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
| | - John Yerxa
- Department of SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
| | - Qimeng Gao
- Department of SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
| | | | - Min Zhang
- Department of SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
| | - William Parker
- Department of SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
| | | | - Jean Kwun
- Department of SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
| | - Todd V. Brennan
- Department of SurgeryCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA
| | - Jaewoo Lee
- Department of SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC
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20
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Samy KP, Davis RP, Gao Q, Martin BM, Song M, Cano J, Farris AB, McDonald A, Gall EK, Dove CR, Leopardi FV, How T, Williams KD, Devi GR, Collins BH, Kirk AD. Early barriers to neonatal porcine islet engraftment in a dual transplant model. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:998-1006. [PMID: 29178588 PMCID: PMC5878697 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Porcine islet xenografts have the potential to provide an inexhaustible source of islets for β cell replacement. Proof-of-concept has been established in nonhuman primates. However, significant barriers to xenoislet transplantation remain, including the poorly understood instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction and a thorough understanding of early xeno-specific immune responses. A paucity of data exist comparing xeno-specific immune responses with alloislet (AI) responses in primates. We recently developed a dual islet transplant model, which enables direct histologic comparison of early engraftment immunobiology. In this study, we investigate early immune responses to neonatal porcine islet (NPI) xenografts compared with rhesus islet allografts at 1 hour, 24 hours, and 7 days. Within the first 24 hours after intraportal infusion, we identified greater apoptosis (caspase 3 activity and TUNEL [terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling])-positive cells) of NPIs compared with AIs. Macrophage infiltration was significantly greater at 24 hours compared with 1 hour in both NPI (wild-type) and AIs. At 7 days, IgM and macrophages were highly specific for NPIs (α1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout) compared with AIs. These findings demonstrate an augmented macrophage and antibody response toward xenografts compared with allografts. These data may inform future immune or genetic manipulations required to improve xenoislet engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- KP Samy
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - RP Davis
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Q Gao
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - BM Martin
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - M Song
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - J Cano
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - AB Farris
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - A McDonald
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - EK Gall
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - CR Dove
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | | | - T How
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - KD Williams
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - GR Devi
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - BH Collins
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - AD Kirk
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710,Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Mažeika P. Sullivan
- Schiermeier Olentangy River Wetland Research Park School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43202 USA
| | - David W. P. Manning
- Schiermeier Olentangy River Wetland Research Park School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43202 USA
| | - Robert P. Davis
- Schiermeier Olentangy River Wetland Research Park School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43202 USA
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Davis RP, Sullivan SMP, Stefanik KC. Reductions in fish-community contamination following lowhead dam removal linked more to shifts in food-web structure than sediment pollution. Environ Pollut 2017; 231:671-680. [PMID: 28850935 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent increases in dam removals have prompted research on ecological and geomorphic river responses, yet contaminant dynamics following dam removals are poorly understood. We investigated changes in sediment concentrations and fish-community body burdens of mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and chlorinated pesticides before and after two lowhead dam removals in the Scioto and Olentangy Rivers (Columbus, Ohio). These changes were then related to documented shifts in fish food-web structure. Seven study reaches were surveyed from 2011 to 2015, including controls, upstream and downstream of the previous dams, and upstream restored vs. unrestored. For most contaminants, fish-community body burdens declined following dam removal and converged across study reaches by the last year of the study in both rivers. Aldrin and dieldrin body burdens in the Olentangy River declined more rapidly in the upstream-restored vs. the upstream-unrestored reach, but were indistinguishable by year three post dam removal. No upstream-downstream differences were observed in body burdens in the Olentangy River, but aldrin and dieldrin body burdens were 138 and 148% higher, respectively, in downstream reaches than in upstream reaches of the Scioto River following dam removal. The strongest relationships between trophic position and body burdens were observed with PCBs and Se in the Scioto River, and with dieldrin in the Olentangy River. Food-chain length - a key measure of trophic structure - was only weakly related to aldrin body burdens, and unrelated to other contaminants. Overall, we demonstrate that lowhead dam removal may effectively reduce ecosystem contamination, largely via shifts in fish food-web dynamics versus sediment contaminant concentrations. This study presents some of the first findings documenting ecosystem contamination following dam removal and will be useful in informing future dam removals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Davis
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - S Mažeika P Sullivan
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Kay C Stefanik
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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Ezekian B, Mulvihill MS, Freischlag K, Yerokun BA, Davis RP, Hartwig MG, Knechtle SJ, Barbas AS. Elevated HbA1c in donor organs from patients without a diagnosis of diabetes portends worse liver allograft survival. Clin Transplant 2017; 31. [PMID: 28667782 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recipients of liver allografts from diabetic donors have decreased graft survival. However, limited data exist on the effects of donor HbA1c. We hypothesized that allografts from nondiabetic donors with elevated HbA1c would be associated with decreased survival. Liver transplant recipients from the UNOS database from nondiabetic donors were stratified into two groups: euglycemic (HbA1c<6.5) and hyperglycemic (HbA1c≥6.5). Propensity score matching (10:1) was used to adjust for donor and recipient characteristics. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess survival. Donors of hyperglycemic allografts were older (49 vs 36, P<.001), were more likely to be non-white, had a higher BMI (29.8 vs 26.2, P<.001), were more likely to engage in heavy cigarette use (1.5% vs 1.3%, P=.004), had higher serum creatinine levels (1.3 vs 1.0, P=.002), and were more likely to be an expanded-criteria donor (35.8% vs 14.4%, P<.001). After propensity matching to account for these differences, allograft survival was significantly decreased in the recipients of hyperglycemic allografts (P=.049), and patient survival showed a trend toward reduction (P=.082). These findings suggest that HbA1c may be a simple and inexpensive test with potential utility for better organ risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ezekian
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Kyle Freischlag
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Robert P Davis
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew G Hartwig
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stuart J Knechtle
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew S Barbas
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Darios ES, Barman SM, Orer HS, Morrison SF, Davis RP, Seitz BM, Burnett R, Watts SW. 5-Hydroxytryptamine does not reduce sympathetic nerve activity or neuroeffector function in the splanchnic circulation. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 754:140-7. [PMID: 25732865 PMCID: PMC4385506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infusion of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in conscious rats results in a sustained (up to 30 days) fall in blood pressure. This is accompanied by an increase in splanchnic blood flow. Because the splanchnic circulation is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system, we hypothesized that 5-HT would: 1) directly reduce sympathetic nerve activity in the splanchnic region; and/or 2) inhibit sympathetic neuroeffector function in splanchnic blood vessels. Moreover, removal of the sympathetic innervation of the splanchnic circulation (celiac ganglionectomy) would reduce 5-HT-induced hypotension. In anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats, mean blood pressure was reduced from 101±4 to 63±3mm Hg during slow infusion of 5-HT (25μg/kg/min, i.v.). Pre- and postganglionic splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity were unaffected during 5-HT infusion. In superior mesenteric arterial rings prepared for electrical field stimulation, neither 5-HT (3, 10, 30nM), the 5-HT1B receptor agonist CP 93129 nor 5-HT1/7 receptor agonist 5-carboxamidotryptamine inhibited neurogenic contraction compared to vehicle. 5-HT did not inhibit neurogenic contraction in superior mesenteric venous rings. Finally, celiac ganglionectomy did not modify the magnitude of fall or time course of 5-HT-induced hypotension when compared to animals receiving sham ganglionectomy. We conclude it is unlikely 5-HT interacts with the sympathetic nervous system at the level of the splanchnic preganglionic or postganglionic nerve, as well as at the neuroeffector junction, to reduce blood pressure. These important studies allow us to rule out a direct interaction of 5-HT with the splanchnic sympathetic nervous system as a cause of the 5-HT-induced fall in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S Darios
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan USA
| | - Susan M Barman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan USA
| | - Hakan S Orer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan USA; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Shaun F Morrison
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland Oregon USA
| | - Robert P Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan USA
| | - Bridget M Seitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan USA
| | - Robert Burnett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan USA
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan USA.
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Wilson DM, Apps J, Bailey N, Bamford MJ, Beresford IJ, Brackenborough K, Briggs MA, Brough S, Calver AR, Crook B, Davis RK, Davis RP, Davis S, Dean DK, Harris L, Heslop T, Holland V, Jeffrey P, Panchal TA, Parr CA, Quashie N, Schogger J, Sehmi SS, Stean TO, Steadman JG, Trail B, Wald J, Worby A, Takle AK, Witherington J, Medhurst AD. Identification of clinical candidates from the benzazepine class of histamine H3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6890-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Wilson DM, Apps J, Bailey N, Bamford MJ, Beresford IJ, Briggs MA, Calver AR, Crook B, Davis RP, Davis S, Dean DK, Harris L, Heightman TD, Panchal T, Parr CA, Quashie N, Steadman JG, Schogger J, Sehmi SS, Stean TO, Takle AK, Trail BK, White T, Witherington J, Worby A, Medhurst AD. The discovery of the benzazepine class of histamine H3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6897-901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hawkins J, Harrison DC, Ahmed S, Davis RP, Chapman T, Marshall I, Smith B, Mead TL, Medhurst A, Giblin GMP, Hall A, Gonzalez MI, Richardson J, Hussain I. Dynamics of Aβ42 reduction in plasma, CSF and brain of rats treated with the γ-secretase modulator, GSM-10h. NEURODEGENER DIS 2011; 8:455-64. [PMID: 21389687 DOI: 10.1159/000324511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allosteric modulation of γ-secretase is an attractive therapeutic approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We recently identified a novel γ-secretase modulator, GSM-10h, which effectively lowers Aβ42 production in cells and in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. OBJECTIVE Here, we describe the in vivo characterization of GSM-10h in a model of endogenous Aβ production. METHODS Rats were administered orally with GSM-10h, and the effect on Aβ levels in peripheral and central compartments was determined. In addition, the effect of GSM-10h on Notch processing was assessed. RESULTS Acute administration of GSM-10h to rats causes a dose-dependent decrease in the level of Aβ42 in plasma, CSF and brain, with little effect on the level of Aβ40 in these compartments. The magnitude of Aβ42 lowering in the CSF and brain was further enhanced upon sub-chronic administration of GSM-10h. No deleterious effect on Notch processing was evident in either of these studies. To further explore the dynamics of Aβ42 reduction in peripheral and CNS compartments, a time course study was conducted. In all compartments, the decrease in Aβ42 was greatest at 6 h after administration of GSM-10h. This decrease in Aβ42 was maintained for 9-15 h, after which time Aβ42 levels returned to baseline levels. Encouragingly, no rebound in Aβ42 levels beyond baseline levels was observed. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the γ-secretase modulator profile of GSM-10h, and highlight the utility of the rat for assessing the pre-clinical efficacy of γ-secretase modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hawkins
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Ltd., New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, UK
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Abstract
A novel thermophilic, coccoid methanogen isolated from nonthermal freshwater sediments is described. Hydrogen plus carbon dioxide and formate were substrates for methanogenesis, and methane production was stimulated by yeast extract, Casamino Acids, and tryptose. Growth also occurred autotrophically. Elevated levels of sodium chloride were not required for maximum growth and were inhibitory above 2%. The minimum doubling time occurred at 57 degrees C, and the upper and lower limits for methane production were 62 and 26 degrees C, respectively. The optimum pH for growth was between 7.0 and 7.5. Inhibitory antibiotics included metronidazole, anisomycin, chloramphenicol, and lasalocid. Colonies were circular, dark yellow, shiny, and convex with entire edges. Cells were 1 to 2.5 mum in diameter, nonmotile, occurring singly or in pairs, and fimbriated. Cells were lysed by pronase or trypsin digestion, glass-distilled water, and 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Electron micrographs of thin sections showed a monolayered cell wall ca. 20 nm thick. The DNA base ratio was 49.2 mol% guanine plus cytosine. The whole cell protein pattern differed from that of other named coccoid methanogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Harris
- Agricultural and Food Research Council Food Research Institute, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
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Takle AK, Bamford MJ, Davies S, Davis RP, Dean DK, Gaiba A, Irving EA, King FD, Naylor A, Parr CA, Ray AM, Reith AD, Smith BB, Staton PC, Steadman JGA, Stean TO, Wilson DM. The identification of potent, selective and CNS penetrant furan-based inhibitors of B-Raf kinase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4373-6. [PMID: 18621524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Modification of the potent imidazole-based B-Raf inhibitor SB-590885 resulted in the identification of a series of furan-based derivatives with enhanced CNS penetration. One such compound, SB-699393 (17), was examined in vivo to challenge the hypothesis that selective B-Raf inhibitors may be of value in the treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Takle
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Neurology and GI Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Wysk
- a Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg , Virginia , 24061
| | - Robert P. Davis
- a Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg , Virginia , 24061
| | - Jose M. A. Tanchoco
- a Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Blacksburg , Virginia , 24061
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Medhurst AD, Briggs MA, Bruton G, Calver AR, Chessell I, Crook B, Davis JB, Davis RP, Foley AG, Heslop T, Hirst WD, Medhurst SJ, Ociepka S, Ray A, Regan CM, Sargent B, Schogger J, Stean TO, Trail BK, Upton N, White T, Orlek B, Wilson DM. Structurally novel histamine H3 receptor antagonists GSK207040 and GSK334429 improve scopolamine-induced memory impairment and capsaicin-induced secondary allodynia in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 73:1182-94. [PMID: 17276409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
GSK207040 (5-[(3-cyclobutyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepin-7-yl)oxy]-N-methyl-2-pyrazinecarboxamide) and GSK334429 (1-(1-methylethyl)-4-({1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]-4-piperidinyl}carbonyl)hexahydro-1H-1,4-diazepine) are novel and selective non-imidazole histamine H(3) receptor antagonists from distinct chemical series with high affinity for human (pK(i)=9.67+/-0.06 and 9.49+/-0.09, respectively) and rat (pK(i)=9.08+/-0.16 and 9.12+/-0.14, respectively) H(3) receptors expressed in cerebral cortex. At the human recombinant H(3) receptor, GSK207040 and GSK334429 were potent functional antagonists (pA(2)=9.26+/-0.04 and 8.84+/-0.04, respectively versus H(3) agonist-induced changes in cAMP) and exhibited inverse agonist properties (pIC(50)=9.20+/-0.36 and 8.59+/-0.04 versus basal GTPgammaS binding). Following oral administration, GSK207040 and GSK334429 potently inhibited cortical ex vivo [(3)H]-R-alpha-methylhistamine binding (ED(50)=0.03 and 0.35 mg/kg, respectively). Functional antagonism of central H(3) receptors was demonstrated by blockade of R-alpha-methylhistamine-induced dipsogenia in rats (ID(50)=0.02 and 0.11 mg/kg p.o. for GSK207040 and GSK334429, respectively). In more pathophysiologically relevant pharmacodynamic models, GSK207040 (0.1, 0.3, 1 and 3mg/kg p.o.) and GSK334429 (0.3, 1 and 3mg/kg p.o.) significantly reversed amnesia induced by the cholinergic antagonist scopolamine in a passive avoidance paradigm. In addition, GSK207040 (0.1, 0.3 and 1mg/kg p.o.) and GSK334429 (3 and 10mg/kg p.o.) significantly reversed capsaicin-induced reductions in paw withdrawal threshold, suggesting for the first time that blockade of H(3) receptors may be able to reduce tactile allodynia. Novel H(3) receptor antagonists such as GSK207040 and GSK334429 may therefore have therapeutic potential not only in dementia but also in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Medhurst
- Neurology and GI Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK.
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Medhurst AD, Atkins AR, Beresford IJ, Brackenborough K, Briggs MA, Calver AR, Cilia J, Cluderay JE, Crook B, Davis JB, Davis RK, Davis RP, Dawson LA, Foley AG, Gartlon J, Gonzalez MI, Heslop T, Hirst WD, Jennings C, Jones DNC, Lacroix LP, Martyn A, Ociepka S, Ray A, Regan CM, Roberts JC, Schogger J, Southam E, Stean TO, Trail BK, Upton N, Wadsworth G, Wald JA, White T, Witherington J, Woolley ML, Worby A, Wilson DM. GSK189254, a Novel H3 Receptor Antagonist That Binds to Histamine H3 Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease Brain and Improves Cognitive Performance in Preclinical Models. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 321:1032-45. [PMID: 17327487 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.120311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
6-[(3-Cyclobutyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepin-7-yl)oxy]-N-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide hydrochloride (GSK189254) is a novel histamine H(3) receptor antagonist with high affinity for human (pK(i) = 9.59 -9.90) and rat (pK(i) = 8.51-9.17) H(3) receptors. GSK189254 is >10,000-fold selective for human H(3) receptors versus other targets tested, and it exhibited potent functional antagonism (pA(2) = 9.06 versus agonist-induced changes in cAMP) and inverse agonism [pIC(50) = 8.20 versus basal guanosine 5'-O-(3-[(35)S]thio)triphosphate binding] at the human recombinant H(3) receptor. In vitro autoradiography demonstrated specific [(3)H]GSK189254 binding in rat and human brain areas, including cortex and hippocampus. In addition, dense H(3) binding was detected in medial temporal cortex samples from severe cases of Alzheimer's disease, suggesting for the first time that H(3) receptors are preserved in late-stage disease. After oral administration, GSK189254 inhibited cortical ex vivo R-(-)-alpha-methyl[imidazole-2,5(n)-(3)H]histamine dihydrochloride ([(3)H]R-alpha-methylhistamine) binding (ED(50) = 0.17 mg/kg) and increased c-Fos immunoreactivity in prefrontal and somatosensory cortex (3 mg/kg). Microdialysis studies demonstrated that GSK189254 (0.3-3 mg/kg p.o.) increased the release of acetylcholine, noradrenaline, and dopamine in the anterior cingulate cortex and acetylcholine in the dorsal hippocampus. Functional antagonism of central H(3) receptors was demonstrated by blockade of R-alpha-methylhistamine-induced dipsogenia in rats (ID(50) = 0.03 mg/kg p.o.). GSK189254 significantly improved performance of rats in diverse cognition paradigms, including passive avoidance (1 and 3 mg/kg p.o.), water maze (1 and 3 mg/kg p.o.), object recognition (0.3 and 1 mg/kg p.o.), and attentional set shift (1 mg/kg p.o.). These data suggest that GSK189254 may have therapeutic potential for the symptomatic treatment of dementia in Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Medhurst
- Neurology and GI Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Third Ave., Harlow, Essex, CM19 5AW, UK.
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Smouha EE, Shapiro AW, Davis RP, Shindo ML, Sobol LL, Acker DE. Image-guided surgery of the skull base using a novel miniature position sensor. Skull Base Surg 2006; 9:101-7. [PMID: 17171125 PMCID: PMC1656807 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1058156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Image-guided navigational systems have been a useful adjunct for minimally invasive surgery of the skull base. A novel miniature position sensor has been developed that uses a low magnetic field for real-time tracking of surgical instruments. The 1.7-mm-diameter sensor attached to the position and orientation system (Magellan(R), Biosense, Inc., Johnson and Johnson Co., Baldwin Park, CA) was deployed through various surgical instruments or used in a hand-held fashion with a malleable shaft probe. We report on our experience using this electromagnetic system in a series of lesions of the sella and clivus. After patient/image registration, the system was consistently accurate to within 2 mm. We have found this system to be particularly advantageous in endoscopic surgery of cystic lesions of the skull base, where access is limited and anatomy may be distorted. In three patients, this device obviated the need for an extensive external surgical approach. Case histories are presented, which illustrate the specific advantages this miniature system provides during skull base surgery.
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Calver AR, Ray AM, Davis RP, Qian YX, Benson BG, Medhurst AD. P3–426: An analysis of spatial, functional and species differences in C–terminal splice variants of the 5–HT4 serotonin receptor. Alzheimers Dement 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2006.05.1697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Medhurst AD, Jennings CA, Robbins MJ, Davis RP, Ellis C, Winborn KY, Lawrie KWM, Hervieu G, Riley G, Bolaky JE, Herrity NC, Murdock P, Darker JG. Pharmacological and immunohistochemical characterization of the APJ receptor and its endogenous ligand apelin. J Neurochem 2003; 84:1162-72. [PMID: 12603839 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Apelin peptides have recently been identified to be the endogenous ligands for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. However, little is known about the physiological roles of this ligand-receptor pairing. In the present study we investigated the pharmacology of several apelin analogues at the human recombinant APJ receptor using radioligand binding and functional assays. This has led to the identification of key residues in the apelin peptide required for functional potency and binding affinity through structure-activity studies. In particular, we have identified that replacement of leucine in position 5, or arginine in position 2 and 4 of the C-terminal apelin peptide, apelin-13, resulted in significant changes in pharmacology. We also investigated the detailed localization of pre-proapelin and APJ receptor mRNA in a wide range of human, rat and mouse tissues using quantitative RT-PCR, and carried out a detailed immunohistochemical study of the distribution of the APJ receptor in rat brain and spinal cord. Interestingly, the APJ receptor was not only co-localized in white matter with GFAP in the spinal cord, but was also clearly localized on neurones in the brain, suggesting that this receptor and its peptide may be involved in a wide range of biological process yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Medhurst
- Neurology Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK.
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Davis RP. The Kinetics of the Reaction of Human Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase. II. The Effect of Sulfanilamide, Sodium Sulfide and Various Chelating Agents. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01530a038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Davis RP. The Kinetics of the Reaction of Human Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase. I. Basic Mechanism and the Effect of Electrolytes on Enzyme Activity. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja01552a049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Harrison DC, Davis RP, Bond BC, Campbell CA, James MF, Parsons AA, Philpott KL. Caspase mRNA expression in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2001; 89:133-46. [PMID: 11311984 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(01)00058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the caspase family are involved in the signalling pathway that ultimately leads to programmed cell death (apoptosis), which has been reported to occur in some experimental models of stroke. In a previous paper we used quantitative reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to characterise changes in the mRNA expression of one member of this family, caspase-3, in a rat model of permanent focal ischemia. Here we have used this technique to study the expression of a further three caspases which are involved in different aspects of caspase signalling. Caspase-8, involved in Fas-mediated apoptosis, was upregulated in the cortex of ischemic rats. Caspase-11, which leads to the synthesis of the functional form of the cytokine interleukin-1 beta, also showed increased expression, but with a different temporal profile from caspase-8. In contrast, caspase-9, which forms part of the pathway signalling through the mitochondria, showed a decrease in expression. The expression of a further four caspases (1, 2, 6 and 7) has also been characterised in a simpler experiment. These caspases all showed distinctive patterns of expression following the induction of ischemia. These data lead us to conclude that caspase expression as a whole is under very strict transcriptional control in this model. Certain elements of caspase signalling, such as the Fas-induced pathway and the events upstream of IL-1 beta processing, are upregulated, while others are not. This may be due to some form of genetic program activated in response to ischemia in the brain and may highlight which biological pathways are modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Harrison
- Department of Neurology, GlaxoSmithKline, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK.
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Harrison DC, Medhurst AD, Bond BC, Campbell CA, Davis RP, Philpott KL. The use of quantitative RT-PCR to measure mRNA expression in a rat model of focal ischemia--caspase-3 as a case study. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2000; 75:143-9. [PMID: 10648898 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(99)00305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative reverse transcription and polymerisation chain reaction (RT-PCR) using Taqman¿trade mark omitted¿ fluorogenic probes has been used to measure changes in gene expression in the cerebral cortex of rats in the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model of focal ischemia. The mRNA levels of three housekeeping genes have been analysed in this model to determine which gene showed least change following experimental insult. In the lesioned cortex, beta-actin mRNA increased at 24 h, while the levels of cyclophilin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) did not change. We have also used this methodology to examine modulations in the level of caspase-3 mRNA during focal ischemia in the rat. Caspase-3 mRNA showed a 41% increase at 6 h post-MCAO, which was specific to the lesioned cortex. This change became more pronounced with time, showing an increase of 220% at 24 h. This methodology enables changes in mRNA expression to be analysed more sensitively and quantitatively than other available techniques and highlights the need for careful choice of control or housekeeping genes used for RNA comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Harrison
- Neuroscience Research, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, UK.
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Abstract
Hemangioma, the most common tumor of infancy, is characterized by a proliferation of capillary endothelial cells with multilamination of the basement membrane and accumulation of cellular elements, including mast cells. The initial rapid growth is followed by an inevitable but slow involution. The currently available therapies are empirical and unsatisfactory because what is known of the cellular and molecular basis of hemangioma development is rudimentary. Advances in the understanding of its programmed biologic behavior has been hampered by the lack of a valid human model. We report here a novel in vitro culture system that is a useful human model of hemangioma. A small fragment of hemangioma biopsy is embedded in fibrin gel in a well of culture plates and incubated in a serum-free, buffered-salt, minimal medium. A complex network of microvessels grows out from the tissue fragments. Biopsies taken from all three phases of hemangioma development were cultured successfully; proliferative phase samples developed microvessels in 1 to 4 days, involuting phase in 5 to 7 days, and involuted phase in 7 to 12 days. The relative growth rates of the microvessels in the culture of biopsies taken from different stages of hemangioma development reflect the growth patterns seen clinically. This model has been validated using histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Comparison of the number, localization, and phenotype of endothelial and mast cells and the distribution of basement membrane constituents (type IV collagen, perlecan, and laminins) and growth factors (basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-betas) in the biopsy and the tissue after culture shows that many of the characteristics of the original tissues were retained in culture. This in vitro human model of hemangioma overcomes some of the deficiencies associated with earlier models. It offers an opportunity for studying the precise cellular, biochemical, and molecular basis of hemangioma It may also help to elucidate the mechanisms of action of existing therapies and may lead to the identification of novel treatments for hemangioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Tan
- Swee Tan Plastic Surgery Trust, Bowen Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Soliman AM, Smouha EE, Davis RP. Imaging quiz case 1. Cholesterol granuloma cyst of the petrous apex. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998; 124:108,110. [PMID: 9440793 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.124.1.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Szara WL, Davis RP. Fixed partial denture segmenting attachments. Trends Tech Contemp Dent Lab 1995; 12:34-8. [PMID: 9584710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Davidoff SR, Davis RP. The ERA implant-supported overdenture. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1995; 16:512, 514, 516 passim; quiz 522. [PMID: 8624990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracoronal Resilient Attachment (ERA) implant-supported overdentures, Class I, Division 1 or Division 3 prostheses, provide an exceptionally stable and retentive prosthetic design for edentulous patients with osseointegrated implants. The ERA System uses either an individual female implant abutment or plastic female patterns that can be incorporated into a bar. The male portion of the attachment is a nylon piece of varying retentive quality. The attachment is resilient, stable, and can be easily serviced.
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Abstract
A 52-year-old man had an extensive right adrenal pheochromocytoma with invasion of the pararenal inferior vena cava (IVC). Tumor resection required en bloc resection of the infrahepatic IVC. The right kidney was not involved with tumor. Reconstruction of the IVC was performed with an externally supported, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft with reimplantation of the right renal veins into the prosthesis. Postoperative patency of the IVC graft and renal veins was confirmed by venacavography and color-flow duplex scanning. This latter technique has been used to document interval patency of the IVC graft 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Silva
- Department of Surgery, Columbus Hospital Chicago, IL 60614
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Abstract
A Tc-99m bone scan of a patient with classic roentgenographic findings of osteopoikilosis revealed multiple foci of increased activity that corresponded to many of the sclerotic foci on the roentgenograms. The authors presume that the abnormal bone scan in this patient reflects active osseous remodeling, similar to what has been observed in bone islands. Previous reports have emphasized the critical role of the radionuclide bone scan for distinguishing osteopoikilosis from osteoblastic bone metastases in patients with a known or suspected primary malignancy. In a young patient, an abnormal bone scan does not exclude the diagnosis of osteopoikilosis if the roentgenographic findings are characteristic of that entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Mungovan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence
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Abstract
The case of a 35-year-old white man with a cauda equina syndrome is presented. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis, and radiation treatment successfully treated the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Iliya
- Department of Neurological Surgery, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794-8122
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Abstract
We describe a 22-month-old boy with iron deficiency anemia and reactive thrombocytosis who developed vomiting, headache, mental status changes, and seizures. Computed tomography showed infarction of the basal ganglia and thalami. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed cerebral venous thrombosis, delineated the extent of the vascular and associated parenchymal involvement, showed the infarcts to be hemorrhagic (a finding not imaged by computed tomography due to our patient's depressed hemoglobin level), and obviated the need for invasive angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Belman
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794
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Davis RP, Ko KR, Sachdev VP. Charcot shoulder as the initial symptom in Arnold-Chiari malformation with hydromyelia: case report. Mt Sinai J Med 1988; 55:406-8. [PMID: 3265183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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