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Huang N, Wang C, Zhang N, Mao W, Liu B, Shen Y, Gao Y, Zhao Y, Cao J. Effect of estrogen on prostaglandin synthetase in bovine oviduct smooth muscle. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 818:287-293. [PMID: 29100902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gamete and embryo transport is an important function of the oviduct. This type of transport involves both smooth muscle contraction and epithelial cell secretions, and the former is mediated by prostaglandins (PGs) and their receptors. Our objective was to study the regulation of prostaglandin synthetase (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-1 (PTGS1), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2), mPGES-1, mPGES-2, cPGES, and PGFS) by estradiol (E2) in bovine oviduct smooth muscle. Prostaglandin synthetase mRNA and protein expression were investigated using real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. Prostaglandin synthetase mRNA and protein expression were increased in oviductal smooth muscle tissue after treatment with different concentrations of estradiol for various time periods. The results indicated that there was no increase in expression observed after treatment with fulvestrant, a selective antagonist of the E2 receptor, indicating that E2 interacts with specific E2 nuclear receptors to upregulate PTGS1, PTGS2, mPGES-1, and PGFS expression. In conclusion, E2 increases PTGS1, mPGES-1, and PGFS mRNA and protein expression in bovine oviductal smooth muscle when added for different periods of time and at different concentrations. Additionally, E2 is transported intracellularly and interacts with specific E2 nuclear receptors to increase PTGS1, PTGS2, mPGES-1 and PGFS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Huang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Foundation Institute, BaoTou Medicine College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Bao Tou, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Foundation Institute, BaoTou Medicine College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Bao Tou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China.
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52
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Wang J, Zou K, Feng X, Chen M, Li C, Tang R, Xuan Y, Luo M, Chen W, Qiu H, Qin G, Li Y, Zhang C, Xiao B, Kang L, Kang T, Huang W, Yu X, Wu X, Deng W. Downregulation of NMI promotes tumor growth and predicts poor prognosis in human lung adenocarcinomas. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:158. [PMID: 29025423 PMCID: PMC5639741 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-myc (and STAT) interactor (NMI) plays vital roles in tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. In this study, we identified NMI as a potential tumor suppressor in lung cancer and explored its molecular mechanism involved in lung cancer progression. METHODS Human lung cancer cell lines and a mouse xenograft model was used to study the effect of NMI on tumor growth. The expression of NMI, COX-2 and relevant signaling proteins were examined by Western blot. Tissue microarray immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess the correlation between NMI and COX-2 expression in lung cancer patients. RESULTS NMI was highly expressed in normal lung cells and tissues, but lowly expressed in lung cancer cells and tissues. Overexpression of NMI induced apoptosis, suppressed lung cancer cell growth and migration, which were mediated by up-regulation of the cleaved caspase-3/9 and down-regulation of phosphorylated PI3K/AKT, MMP2/MMP9, β-cadherin, and COX-2/PGE2. In contrast, knockdown of NMI promoted lung cancer cell colony formation and migration, which were correlated with the increased expression of phosphorylated PI3K/AKT, MMP2/MMP9, β-cadherin and COX-2/PGE2. Further study showed that NMI suppressed COX-2 expression through inhibition of the p50/p65 NF-κB acetylation mediated by p300. The xenograft lung cancer mouse models also confirmed the NMI-mediated suppression of tumor growth by inhibiting COX-2 signaling. Moreover, tissue microarray immunohistochemical analysis of lung adenocarcinomas also demonstrated a negative correlation between NMI and COX-2 expression. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the patients with high level of NMI had a significantly better prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that NMI suppressed tumor growth by inhibiting PI3K/AKT, MMP2/MMP9, COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathways and p300-mediated NF-κB acetylation, and predicted a favorable prognosis in human lung adenocarcinomas, suggesting that NMI was a potential tumor suppressor in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ranran Tang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Xuan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meihua Luo
- Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Wangbing Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huijuan Qiu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ge Qin
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changlin Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binyi Xiao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Kang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tiebang Kang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug for Tumors of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Double Bioproduct Inc., Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinfa Yu
- Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug for Tumors of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Double Bioproduct Inc., Guangzhou, China.
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Santos AC, Temp FR, Marafiga JR, Pillat MM, Hessel AT, Ribeiro LR, Miyazato LG, Oliveira MS, Mello CF. EP2 receptor agonist ONO-AE1-259-01 attenuates pentylenetetrazole- and pilocarpine-induced seizures but causes hippocampal neurotoxicity. Epilepsy Behav 2017. [PMID: 28645087 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common and devastating neurological disease affecting more than 50 million people worldwide. Accumulating experimental and clinical evidence suggests that inflammatory pathways contribute to the development of seizures in various forms of epilepsy. In this context, while the activation of the PGE2 EP2 receptor causes early neuroprotective and late neurotoxic effects, the role of EP2 receptor in seizures remains unclear. We investigated whether the systemic administration of the highly selective EP2 agonist ONO-AE1-259-01 prevented acute pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)- and pilocarpine-induced seizures. The effect of ONO-AE1-259-01 on cell death in the hippocampal formation of adult male mice seven days after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) was also evaluated. ONO-AE1-259-01 (10μg/kg, s.c.) attenuated PTZ- and pilocarpine-induced seizures, evidenced by the increased latency to seizures, decreased number and duration of seizures episodes and decreased mean amplitude of electrographic seizures. ONO-AE1-259-01 and pilocarpine alone significantly increased the number of pyknotic cells per se in all hippocampal subfields. The EP2 agonist also additively increased pilocarpine-induced pyknosis in the pyramidal cell layer of CA1 but reduced pilocarpine-induced pyknosis in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (DG). Although the systemic administration of ONO-AE1-259-01 caused a significant anticonvulsant effect in our assays, this EP2 agonist caused extensive cell death. These findings limit the likelihood of EP2 receptor agonists being considered as novel potential anticonvulsant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Carré Santos
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rossatto Temp
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Joseane Righes Marafiga
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Micheli Mainardi Pillat
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Titzel Hessel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro Rodrigo Ribeiro
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Lígia Gomes Miyazato
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro Schneider Oliveira
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Fernando Mello
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
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Dinç E, Dursun Ö, Yılmaz B, Vatansever M, Sarı AA, Yıldırım Ö, Adıgüzel U. Expression of prostaglandin E 2 receptor subtypes in human pterygium and normal conjunctiva: immunohistochemical study. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 38:1703-1708. [PMID: 28695379 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of EP receptors in primary and recurrent human pterygium tissues. METHODS Pterygium samples were collected from 65 patients with primary pterygium and 16 patients with recurrent pterygium. Normal conjunctival tissues were collected from nasal interpalpebral area from 17 patients without systemic and any other ocular pathology. Expression of EP receptors was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The median value for each receptor staining score (RSS) was determined in normal conjunctival specimens. In this study, RSS of > median value was defined as positive staining or high expression and ≤ median value as negative staining or weak expression in specimens. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis, and p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Stromal expression of EP1 was significantly higher in primary and recurrent pterygium specimens compared to normal conjunctival tissues (p = 0.007 and p = 0.002, respectively). Epithelial expressions of EP2 and EP3 were significantly lower in primary pterygium specimens compared to normal conjunctival tissues (p = 0.005 and p < 0.0001, respectively), and stromal expressions were insignificant. Stromal expression of EP4 was significantly higher in primary and recurrent pterygium specimens compared to normal conjunctival tissues (p = 0.002 and p = 0.012, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Expression of EP receptors has been up- or downregulated in primary and recurrent pterygium tissues, and these receptors may play a role in formation and recurrence of pterygium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Dinç
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Özer Dursun
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Mersin State Hospital, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Banu Yılmaz
- Department of Histology and Embriyology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - A Ayça Sarı
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Özlem Yıldırım
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Adıgüzel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Seo MJ, Oh DK. Prostaglandin synthases: Molecular characterization and involvement in prostaglandin biosynthesis. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 66:50-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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56
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Yeung J, Holinstat M. Who is the real 12-HETrE? Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 132:25-30. [PMID: 28259546 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxygenases, including lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450s, generate an array of structurally diverse oxylipins that modulate distinct biological responses in mammals. Depending on the source of tissues and enzymes, distinct oxylipins are generated with inherent cellular function. Here, we report structurally different forms of 12-HETrE, with distinct biological function in tissues as well as their derived enzymatic source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yeung
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael Holinstat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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57
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Masoudi S, Zhao Z, Willcox M. Relation between Ocular Comfort, Arachidonic Acid Mediators, and Histamine. Curr Eye Res 2017; 42:822-826. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2016.1255338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Masoudi
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- The Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zhenjun Zhao
- The Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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58
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Wu H, Wu T, Han X, Wan J, Jiang C, Chen W, Lu H, Yang Q, Wang J. Cerebroprotection by the neuronal PGE2 receptor EP2 after intracerebral hemorrhage in middle-aged mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:39-51. [PMID: 26746866 PMCID: PMC5363749 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15625351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses mediated by prostaglandins such as PGE2 may contribute to secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the cell-specific signaling by PGE2 receptor EP2 differs depending on whether the neuropathic insult is acute or chronic. Using genetic and pharmacologic approaches, we investigated the role of EP2 receptor in two mouse models of ICH induced by intrastriatal injection of collagenase or autologous arterial whole blood. We used middle-aged male mice to enhance the clinical relevance of the study. EP2 receptor was expressed in neurons but not in astrocytes or microglia after collagenase-induced ICH. Brain injury after collagenase-induced ICH was associated with enhanced cellular and molecular inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9 activity. EP2 receptor deletion exacerbated brain injury, brain swelling/edema, neuronal death, and neurobehavioral deficits, whereas EP2 receptor activation by the highly selective agonist AE1-259-01 reversed these outcomes. EP2 receptor deletion also exacerbated brain edema and neurologic deficits in the blood ICH model. These findings support the premise that neuronal EP2 receptor activation by PGE2 protects brain against ICH injury in middle-aged mice through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects and anti-MMP-2/9 activity. PGE2/EP2 signaling warrants further investigation for potential use in ICH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wu
- Department of Pathology, First Clinical Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Stroke Center, Stroke Screening and Intervention Base, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoning Han
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jieru Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wenwu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingwu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Dat LD, Thao NP, Luyen BTT, Tai BH, Woo MH, Manzoor Z, Ali I, Koh YS, Kim YH. A new saponin from Acanthopanax koreanum with anti-inflammatory activity. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 40:311-317. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0879-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Moreno JJ. Eicosanoid receptors: Targets for the treatment of disrupted intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 796:7-19. [PMID: 27940058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The importance of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways and the consequent eicosanoid synthesis in the physiology and pathophysiology of the intestinal epithelium is currently being established. Each eicosanoid (prostanoid, leukotriene, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) preferentially recognizes one or more receptors coupled to one or more signal-transduction processes. This overview focuses on the role of eicosanoid receptors in the maintenance of intestinal epithelium physiology through the control of proliferation/differentiation/apoptosis processes. Furthermore, it is reported that the role of these receptors on the regulation of the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium have arisen through the regulation of absorption/secretion processes, tight-junction state and the control of the intestinal immune response. Also, this review considers the implication of AA cascade in the disruption of epithelial homeostasis during inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer as well as the therapeutic values and potential of the eicosanoid receptors as novel targets for the treatments of the pathologies above mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Moreno
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Avda. Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain.
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Mohr-Sasson A, Schiff E, Sindel O, Suday RR, Kalter-Farber A, Mashiach R, Yinon Y, Dulitzki1 M, Sivan E, Mazaki-Tovi S. Second dose of PGE2 vaginal insert versus Foley transcervical balloon for induction of labor after failure of cervical ripening with PGE2 vaginal insert. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:2074-2077. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1236252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Mohr-Sasson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel and
| | - Eyal Schiff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel and
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofra Sindel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel and
| | - Ramy Rahamim Suday
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel and
| | - Anat Kalter-Farber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel and
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roy Mashiach
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel and
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoav Yinon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel and
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moti Dulitzki1
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Sivan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel and
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel and
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Structural features of subtype-selective EP receptor modulators. Drug Discov Today 2016; 22:57-71. [PMID: 27506873 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 is a potent endogenous molecule that binds to four different G-protein-coupled receptors: EP1-4. Each of these receptors is a valuable drug target, with distinct tissue localisation and signalling pathways. We review the structural features of EP modulators required for subtype-selective activity, as well as the structural requirements for improved pharmacokinetic parameters. Novel EP receptor subtype selective agonists and antagonists appear to be valuable drug candidates in the therapy of many pathophysiological states, including ulcerative colitis, glaucoma, bone healing, B cell lymphoma, neurological diseases, among others, which have been studied in vitro, in vivo and in early phase clinical trials.
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63
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Klein C. Early pregnancy in the mare: old concepts revisited. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 56 Suppl:S212-7. [PMID: 27345319 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
"Maternal recognition of pregnancy" (MRP) is commonly used to describe the ongoing embryo-maternal communication during early pregnancy that culminates in prevention of luteolysis and ensures ongoing progestin support. The conceptus-derived pregnancy recognition signal has not yet been identified in the mare. Although equine conceptuses produce substantial amounts of estrogens, there is a lack of evidence that estrogens are the pregnancy recognition signal in mares. Conceptus mobility is integral to MRP and is driven by conceptus-derived prostaglandin production. Cessation of conceptus mobility, referred to as fixation, is caused by increases in conceptus size and uterine tone and reduction in sialic acid content of the embryonic capsule. Gene expression profiling of equine preimplantation conceptuses revealed expression of neuraminidase 2 (NEU2), an enzyme that cleaves sialic acid from polysaccharide chains. Furthermore, secretion of NEU2 by conceptuses in vitro was functionally active; it appears therefore, that the conceptus itself regulates sialic acid content through expression of NEU2. Based on gene expression profiling, equine conceptuses express increasing amounts of fibrinogen during early development. Western blot analysis confirmed secretion of fibrinogen into culture medium when conceptuses were cultured in vitro and with immunohistochemistry, the acellular glycoprotein capsule of the conceptus had particularly intense staining for fibrinogen. Therefore, we hypothesize that conceptus-derived fibrinogen interacts with endometrial integrins to promote cessation of conceptus mobility and fixation. Indeed, next generation sequencing analysis of conceptus and endometrial samples 16 d after ovulation revealed that the integrin signaling pathway is significantly enriched in both sample types. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed ITGAVB1 as the most abundant integrin receptor in endometrium; fibrinogen has the highest affinity for ITGAVB1 among integrins receptors to which it binds. Finally, the equine conceptus expresses increasing quantities of relaxin during preimplantation development, with the endometrium expressing relaxin receptors. In the pig, mouse, and human, relaxin is produced by the corpus luteum and is known to promote angiogenesis during early pregnancy. In summary, substantial advances in understanding MRP in the horse are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Klein
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
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Arosh JA, Banu SK, McCracken JA. Novel concepts on the role of prostaglandins on luteal maintenance and maternal recognition and establishment of pregnancy in ruminants. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5926-5940. [PMID: 27179861 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In ruminants, the corpus luteum (CL) of early pregnancy is resistant to luteolysis. Prostaglandin (PG)E2 is considered a luteoprotective mediator. Early studies indicate that during maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) in ruminants, a factor(s) from the conceptus or gravid uterus reaches the ovary locally through the utero-ovarian plexus (UOP) and protects the CL from luteolysis. The local nature of the embryonic antiluteolytic or luteoprotective effect precludes any direct effect of a protein transported or acting between the gravid uterus and CL in ruminants. During MRP, interferon tau (IFNT) secreted by the trophoblast of the conceptus inhibits endometrial pulsatile release of PGF2α and increases endometrial PGE2. Our recent studies indicate that (1) luteal PG biosynthesis is selectively directed toward PGF2α at the time of luteolysis and toward PGE2 at the time of establishment of pregnancy (ESP); (2) the ability of the CL of early pregnancy to resist luteolysis is likely due to increased intraluteal biosynthesis and signaling of PGE2; and (3) endometrial PGE2 is transported from the uterus to the CL through the UOP vascular route during ESP in sheep. Intrauterine co-administration of IFNT and prostaglandin E2 synthase 1 (PGES-1) inhibitor reestablishes endometrial PGF2α pulses and regresses the CL. In contrast, intrauterine co-administration of IFNT and PGES-1 inhibitor along with intraovarian administration of PGE2 rescues the CL. Together, the accumulating information provides compelling evidence that PGE2 produced by the CL in response to endometrial PGE2 induced by pregnancy may counteract the luteolytic effect of PGF2α as an additional luteoprotective mechanism during MRP or ESP in ruminants. Targeting PGE2 biosynthesis and signaling selectively in the endometrium or CL may provide luteoprotective therapy to improve reproductive efficiency in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe A Arosh
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station 77483.
| | - Sakhila K Banu
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station 77483
| | - John A McCracken
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269
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Kim D, Garza LA. A new target for squamous cell skin cancer? Exp Dermatol 2016; 24:14-5. [PMID: 25356957 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Shen Y, Zuo S, Wang Y, Shi H, Yan S, Chen D, Xiao B, Zhang J, Gong Y, Shi M, Tang J, Kong D, Lu L, Yu Y, Zhou B, Duan SZ, Schneider C, Funk CD, Yu Y. Thromboxane Governs the Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Toward Endothelial Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Circ Res 2016; 118:1194-207. [PMID: 26957525 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.307853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Autologous adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) offer great promise as angiogenic cell therapy for ischemic diseases. Because of their limited self-renewal capacity and pluripotentiality, the therapeutic efficacy of ASCs is still relatively low. Thromboxane has been shown to play an important role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. However, little is known about the effects of thromboxane on ASC-mediated angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE To explore the role of the thromboxane-prostanoid receptor (TP) in mediating the angiogenic capacity of ASCs in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS ASCs were prepared from mouse epididymal fat pads and induced to differentiate into endothelial cells (ECs) by vascular endothelial growth factor. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression, thromboxane production, and TP expression were upregulated in ASCs on vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of TP in mouse or human ASCs accelerated EC differentiation and increased tube formation in vitro, enhanced angiogenesis in in vivo Matrigel plugs and ischemic mouse hindlimbs. TP deficiency resulted in a significant cellular accumulation of β-catenin by suppression of calpain-mediated degradation in ASCs. Knockdown of β-catenin completely abrogated the enhanced EC differentiation of TP-deficient ASCs, whereas inhibition of calpain reversed the suppressed angiogenic capacity of TP re-expressed ASCs. Moreover, TP was coupled with Gαq to induce calpain-mediated suppression of β-catenin signaling through calcium influx in ASCs. CONCLUSION Thromboxane restrained EC differentiation of ASCs through TP-mediated repression of the calpain-dependent β-catenin signaling pathway. These results indicate that TP inhibition could be a promising strategy for therapy utilizing ASCs in the treatment of ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Shen
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Shengkai Zuo
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Yuanyang Wang
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Hongfei Shi
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Shuai Yan
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Di Chen
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Bing Xiao
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Yanjun Gong
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Maohua Shi
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Juan Tang
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Deping Kong
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Luheng Lu
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Yu Yu
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Claudio Schneider
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Colin D Funk
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.)
| | - Ying Yu
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (Y.S., S.Z., Y.W., S.Y., D.C., B.X., J.Z., Y.G., M.S., J.T., D.K., L.L., Y.Y., B.Z., S.-Z.D., Y.Y.); Department of Nutrition, The NO.2 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China (Y.S., H.S.); Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy (C.S.); Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Università di Udine, Udine, Italy (C.S.); and Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada (C.D.F.).
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Xu X, Ke Y, Yuan J, Liu Y, Li X, Wu D, Qin X, Mao J, Mao K. Trichloroethylene-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis was associated with hepatic metabolic enzyme genes and immune-related genes. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:633-640. [PMID: 30090377 PMCID: PMC6062307 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00400d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is one of the common organic solvents that has been widely used in cleaning or degreasing of metal and electronic products. However, hundreds of cases of hypersensitivity dermatitis have occurred after the workers were occupationally exposed to TCE in China over the past decade. The purpose of this study was to investigate mRNA expression of hepatic metabolic enzyme genes, immune-related genes, apoptosis genes and oncogenes in patients with hypersensitivity dermatitis induced by trichloroethylene. 12 typical patients with TCE-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis were investigated as the study cases, peripheral blood samples were taken from patients and control, and real-time fluorescence PCR assay was applied for detection of mRNA expression of hepatic metabolic enzyme genes, immune-related genes, apoptosis genes and oncogenes. It was found that the relative levels of mRNA expression of CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 increased by 723%, 318%, 385% and 216%, respectively, when compared with control (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05); Foxp3, GATA3 and CTLA4 mRNA expression increased by 104%, 106% and 253%, respectively, in TCE patients when compared with control (p < 0.01); T-bet expression decreased by 44% when compared with control (p < 0.01); these findings indicate that some immune-related genes and hepatic metabolic enzyme genes might play an important role in the process of trichloroethylene-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology , Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-755-25609527
| | - Yuebin Ke
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology , Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-755-25609527
| | - Jianhui Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology , Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-755-25609527
| | - Yuefeng Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology , Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-755-25609527
| | - Xueyu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology , Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-755-25609527
| | - Desheng Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology , Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-755-25609527
| | - Xiaoyun Qin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology , Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-755-25609527
| | - Jiyan Mao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology , Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-755-25609527
| | - Kanlang Mao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology , Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China . ; ; Tel: +86-755-25609527
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Singh D, Cantu M, Marx MHM, Akingbola O. Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Fluid Refractory Hypotension. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2016; 55:182-4. [PMID: 25948040 DOI: 10.1177/0009922815584549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Singh
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Marissa Cantu
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Huang H, Al-Shabrawey M, Wang MH. Cyclooxygenase- and cytochrome P450-derived eicosanoids in stroke. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 122:45-53. [PMID: 26747234 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes into eicosanoids, which are involved in cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Evidence has demonstrated the important functions of these eicosanoids in regulating cerebral vascular tone, cerebral blood flow, and autoregulation of cerebral circulation. Although COX-2 inhibitors have been suggested as potential treatments for stroke, adverse events, including an increased risk of stroke, occur following long-term use of coxibs. It is important to note that prolonged treatment with rofecoxib increased circulating levels of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), and 20-HETE blockade is a possible strategy to prevent coxib-induced stroke events. It appears that 20-HETE has detrimental effects in the brain, and that its blockade exerts cerebroprotection against ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). There is clear evidence that activation of EP2 and EP4 receptors exerts cerebroprotection against ischemic stroke. Several elegant studies have contributed to defining the importance of stabilizing the levels of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), by inhibiting or deleting soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), in stroke research. These reports support the notion that sEH blockade is cerebroprotective against ischemic stroke and SAH. Here, we summarize recent findings implicating these eicosanoid pathways in cerebral vascular function and stroke. We also discuss the development of animal models with targeted gene deletion and specific enzymatic inhibitors in each pathway to identify potential targets for the treatment of ischemic stroke and SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United states
| | - Mong-Heng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United states.
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70
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Regulski M, Regulska K, Prukała W, Piotrowska H, Stanisz B, Murias M. COX-2 inhibitors: a novel strategy in the management of breast cancer. Drug Discov Today 2015; 21:598-615. [PMID: 26723915 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are common anti-inflammatory drugs with pleiotropic, endogenous actions that could be useful in the management of breast cancer. Here, we provide a complete understanding of the biochemistry of COX-2 and discuss the various molecular mechanisms behind its increased expression in breast cancer. We also analyze the possible mechanisms responsible for the anticancer effect of COX-2 inhibitors and provide an overview of the available preclinical and clinical data on the use of COX-2 inhibitors in breast cancer. Finally, we describe a mathematical model of the relation between the structure and biological potency of promising new COX-2 inhibitors (trans-stilbenes) using a 2D quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Regulski
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Chair and Department of Toxicology, 30th Dojazd Street, 60-631 Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Regulska
- Greater Poland Oncology Center, 15th Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wiesław Prukała
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Chemistry, Nucleosides and Nucleotides Chemistry, 6th Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Piotrowska
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Chair and Department of Toxicology, 30th Dojazd Street, 60-631 Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata Stanisz
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 6th Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marek Murias
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Chair and Department of Toxicology, 30th Dojazd Street, 60-631 Poznań, Poland.
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Kowalczyk-Zieba I, Boruszewska D, Sinderewicz E, Grycmacher K, Woclawek-Potocka I. Lysophosphatidic acid modulates prostaglandin signalling in bovine steroidogenic luteal cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 121:218-26. [PMID: 26482178 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether lysophosphatidic acid affects prostaglandin biosynthesis, transport, and signalling in bovine steroidogenic luteal cells. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of LPA on PGE2 and PGF2α synthesis and on the expression of enzymes involved in PG biosynthesis (PTGS2, mPGES-1, cPGES, mPGES-2, PGFS and 9-KPR), prostaglandin transporter (PGT), and prostaglandin receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3, EP4 and FP) in bovine steroidogenic luteal cells. We found that LPA inhibited PGF2α synthesis in steroidogenic luteal cells. Moreover, LPA increased mPGES1 and cPGES and decreased PGFS expression in cultured bovine steroidogenic luteal cells. Additionally, LPA stimulated EP2 and EP4 receptor and PGT expression. This study suggests that LPA activity in the bovine CL directs the physiological intraluteal balance between the two main prostanoids towards luteotropic PGE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kowalczyk-Zieba
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Boruszewska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Emilia Sinderewicz
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grycmacher
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Izabela Woclawek-Potocka
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
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72
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Ahmad SF, Akoum A, Horne AW. Selective modulation of the prostaglandin F2α pathway markedly impacts on endometriosis progression in a xenograft mouse model. Mol Hum Reprod 2015; 21:905-16. [PMID: 26472819 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY HYPOTHESIS Selective activation or blockade of the prostaglandin (PG) F2α receptor (FP receptor) affects ectopic endometrial tissue growth and endometriosis development. STUDY FINDING FP receptor antagonists might represent a promising approach for the treatment of peritoneal endometriosis. WHAT IS KNOW ALREADY Eutopic and ectopic endometrium from women with endometriosis exhibit higher expression of key enzymes involved in the PGF2α biosynthetic pathway. It has also been shown that the PGF2α-FP receptor interaction induces angiogenesis in human endometrial adenocarcinoma. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS For this study, a mouse model of endometriosis was developed by inoculating human endometrial biopsies into the peritoneal cavity of nude mouse (n = 15). Mice were treated with AL8810 (FP receptor antagonist), Fluprostenol (FP receptor agonist) or PBS. Endometriosis-like lesions were collected and analysed for set of markers for angiogenesis, tissue remodelling, apoptosis, cell proliferation and capillary formation using qPCR and immunohistochemistry. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We found that selective inhibition of the FP receptor with a specific antagonist, AL8810, led to a significant decline in the number (P < 0.01) and size of endometriosis-like lesions (P < 0.001), down-regulated the expression of key mediators of tissue remodelling (MMP9, P < 0.05) and angiogenesis (VEGF, P < 0.01) and up-regulated the pro-apoptotic factor (Bax, P < 0.01) as compared with controls. Immunohistochemical analyses further showed a marked decrease in cell proliferation and capillary formation in endometrial implants from AL8810-treated mice, as determined by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) immunostaining, respectively. Moreover, Fluprostenol, a selective FP receptor agonist, showed the opposite effects. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We carried out this study in nude mice, which have low levels of endogenous estrogens which may affect the lesion growth. Caution is required when interpreting these results to women. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study extends the role of PG signalling in endometriosis pathogenesis and points towards the possible relevance of selective FP receptor antagonism as a targeted treatment for endometriosis. LARGE SCALE DATA Not Applicable. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by grant MOP-123259 to the late Dr Ali Akoum from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research. The authors have no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Furquan Ahmad
- Laboratoire d'Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, Centre de recherche, CHU de Québec-HSFA, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ali Akoum
- Laboratoire d'Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, Centre de recherche, CHU de Québec-HSFA, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrew W Horne
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Omega-3 PUFAs Lower the Propensity for Arachidonic Acid Cascade Overreactions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:285135. [PMID: 26301244 PMCID: PMC4537720 DOI: 10.1155/2015/285135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A productive view of the benefits from omega-3 (n-3) nutrients is that the dietary essential omega-6 (n-6) linoleic acid has a very narrow therapeutic window which is widened by n-3 nutrients. The benefit from moderate physiological actions of the arachidonic acid cascade can easily shift to harm from excessive pathophysiological actions. Recognizing the factors that predispose the cascade to an unwanted overactivity gives a rational approach for arranging beneficial interactions between the n-3 and n-6 essential nutrients that are initial components of the cascade. Much detailed evidence for harmful cascade actions was collected by pharmaceutical companies as they developed drugs to decrease those actions. A remaining challenge is to understand the factors that predispose the cascade toward unwanted outcomes and create the need for therapeutic interventions. Such understanding involves recognizing the similar dynamics for dietary n-3 and n-6 nutrients in forming the immediate precursors of the cascade plus the more vigorous actions of the n-6 precursor, arachidonic acid, in forming potent mediators that amplify unwanted cascade outcomes. Tools have been developed to aid deliberate day-to-day quantitative management of the propensity for cascade overactivity in ways that can decrease the need for drug treatments.
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74
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Abnormal Expression of Prostaglandins E2 and F2α Receptors and Transporters in Patients with Endometriosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:808146. [PMID: 26240828 PMCID: PMC4512562 DOI: 10.1155/2015/808146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the level of expression of prostaglandin receptivity and uptake factors in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. Design. Prospective study. Setting. Human reproduction research laboratory. Patients. Seventy-eight patients with endometriosis and thirty healthy control subjects. Intervention(s). Endometrial and endometriotic tissue samples were obtained during laparoscopic surgery. Main Outcome Measure(s). Real-time polymerase chain reaction assay of mRNA encoding prostaglandin E2 receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4), prostaglandin F2α receptor (FP), prostaglandin transporter (PGT), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4); immunohistochemical localization of expressed proteins. Results. Marked increases in receptors EP3, EP4, and FP and transporters PGT and MRP4 in ectopic endometrial tissue were noted, without noticeable change associated with disease stage. An increase in EP3 expression and decreases in FP and PGT were observed in the eutopic endometrium of endometriosis patients in conjunction with the phases of the menstrual cycle. Conclusion(s). This study is the first to demonstrate a possible relationship between endometriosis and enhanced prostaglandin activity. In view of the wide range of prostaglandin functions, increasing cell receptivity and facilitating uptake in endometrial tissue could contribute to the initial steps of overgrowth and have an important role to play in the pathogenesis and symptoms of this disease.
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75
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Chu LW, Chen JY, Wu PC, Wu BN. Atorvastatin prevents neuroinflammation in chronic constriction injury rats through nuclear NFκB downregulation in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:889-98. [PMID: 25874913 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatin, traditionally used to treat hyperlipidemia, belongs to a class of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors. This study investigated the antineuroinflammatory and antihyperalgesic effects of atorvastatin in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord for chronic constriction injury (CCI) neuropathic pain in rats. Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups including sham, CCI, and CCI+atorvastatin. Rats were orally administered atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) once daily for 2 weeks after surgery and sacrificed at days 3, 7, and 14. All animals were assessed for mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in both hindpaws. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect inflammatory proteins and proinflammatory cytokines at day 7 after surgery. Pain behaviors were significantly reduced in the CCI+atorvastatin group compared to the CCI group. Atorvastatin attenuated CCI-induced inflammatory mediators (pAkt/Akt, COX-2, iNOS, EP1, and EP4) and reduced proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β levels in DRG and spinal cord. Atorvastatin also inhibited nuclear pNFκB activation. Double immunofluorescent staining further demonstrated that pNFκB proteins were decreased by atorvastatin in DRG satellite cells and spinal microglia. Atorvastatin may primarily inhibit the nuclear translocation of pNFκB to prevent CCI-induced peripheral neuropathic pain. Atorvastatin exhibits antineuroinflammatory and antinociceptive properties in the central and peripheral nerve systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun-Yih Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
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76
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Patrignani P, Patrono C. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors: From pharmacology to clinical read-outs. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:422-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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77
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Ko CY, Chu YY, Narumiya S, Chi JY, Furuyashiki T, Aoki T, Wang SM, Chang WC, Wang JM. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta/miR135a/thrombospondin 1 axis mediates PGE2-induced angiogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:1356-68. [PMID: 25554493 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), large populations of endothelial cells undergo angiogenesis due to brain hypoxia and inflammation. Substantial evidence from epidemiologic, pathologic, and clinical reports suggests that vascular factors are critical for the pathogenesis of AD. However, the precise mechanistic correlation between inflammation and angiogenesis in AD has not been well elucidated. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a key factor of the inflammatory response, has been known to promote angiogenesis. In this study, we demonstrated that PGE2 acts through EP4 receptor and protein kinase A to modulate CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (CEBPD) abundance in astrocytes. Attenuated vessel formation was observed in the brains of AppTg/Cebpd(-/-) mice. We showed that miR135a was responsive to the induction of CEBPD and further negatively regulated thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) transcription by directly targeting its 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) in astrocytes. Furthermore, conditioned media from astrocytes expressing miR135a promoted Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) tube-like formation, which correlated with the effects of PGE2 on angiogenesis. Our results indicated that CEBPD contributes to the repression of THBS1 transcription by activating the expression of miR135a in astrocytes following PGE2 treatment. We provided new evidence that astrocytic CEBPD increases angiogenesis during AD pathogenesis. This discovery supports the negative influence of CEBPD activation in astrocytes with respect to AD pathogenesis and implies that the CEBPD/miR135a/THBS1 axis could be a therapeutic target of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Yuan Ko
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yi Chu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jhih-Ying Chi
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | | | - Tomohiro Aoki
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shao-Ming Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Ming Wang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Infectious Disease and Signaling Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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78
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Amagase K, Izumi N, Takahira Y, Wada T, Takeuchi K. Importance of cyclooxygenase-1/prostacyclin in modulating gastric mucosal integrity under stress conditions. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29 Suppl 4:3-10. [PMID: 25521725 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We investigated the roles of cyclooxygenase (COX) isozymes and prostaglandins (PGs) and their receptors in mucosal defense against cold-restraint stress (CRS)-induced gastric lesions. METHODS Male C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice and those lacking COX-1 or COX-2 as well as those lacking EP1, EP3, or IP receptors were used after 18 h fasting. Animals were restrained in Bollman cages and kept in a cold room at 10°C for 90 min. RESULTS CRS induced multiple hemorrhagic lesions in WT mouse stomachs. The severity of these lesions was significantly worsened by pretreatment with the nonselective COX inhibitors (indomethacin, loxoprofen) or selective COX-1 inhibitor (SC-560), while neither of the selective COX-2 inhibitors (rofecoxib and celecoxib) had any effect. These lesions were also aggravated in animals lacking COX-1, but not COX-2. The expression of COX-2 mRNA was not detected in the stomach after CRS, while COX-1 expression was observed under normal and stressed conditions. The gastric ulcerogenic response to CRS was similar between EP1 or EP3 knockout mice and WT mice, but was markedly worsened in animals lacking IP receptors. Pretreating WT mice with iloprost (the PGI2 analog) significantly prevented CRS-induced gastric lesions in the presence of indomethacin. PGE2 also reduced the severity of these lesions, and the effect was mimicked by the EP4 agonist, AE1-329. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that endogenous PGs derived from COX-1 play a crucial role in gastric mucosal defense during CRS, and this action is mainly mediated by PGI2 /IP receptors and partly by PGE2 /EP4 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikuko Amagase
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina, Kyoto, Japan
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79
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EP2 and EP4 receptors mediate PGE2 induced relaxation in murine colonic circular muscle: Pharmacological characterization. Pharmacol Res 2014; 90:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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80
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Silva E, Scoggin K, Canisso I, Troedsson M, Squires E, Ball B. Expression of receptors for ovarian steroids and prostaglandin E2 in the endometrium and myometrium of mares during estrus, diestrus and early pregnancy. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 151:169-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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81
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Shewchuk BM. Prostaglandins and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:277-87. [PMID: 25287609 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary (H-P) axis integrates complex physiological and environmental signals and responds to these cues by modulating the synthesis and secretion of multiple pituitary hormones to regulate peripheral tissues. Prostaglandins are a component of this regulatory system, affecting multiple hormone synthesis and secretion pathways in the H-P axis. The implications of these actions are that physiological processes or disease states that alter prostaglandin levels in the hypothalamus or pituitary can impinge on H-P axis function. Considering the role of prostaglandins in mediating inflammation, the potential for neuroinflammation to affect H-P axis function in this manner may be significant. In addition, the mitigating effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on the inflammation-associated synthesis of prostaglandins and their role as substrates for pro-resolving lipid mediators may also include effects in the H-P axis. One context in which neuroinflammation may play a role is in the etiology of diet-induced obesity, which also correlates with altered pituitary hormone levels. This review will survey evidence for the actions of prostaglandins and other lipid mediators in the H-P axis, and will address the potential for obesity-associated inflammation and n-3 PUFA to impinge on these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Shewchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States.
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82
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Kihara Y, Gupta S, Maurya MR, Armando A, Shah I, Quehenberger O, Glass CK, Dennis EA, Subramaniam S. Modeling of eicosanoid fluxes reveals functional coupling between cyclooxygenases and terminal synthases. Biophys J 2014; 106:966-75. [PMID: 24559999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids, including prostaglandins (PG) and leukotrienes, are lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid. A quantitative and biochemical level understanding of eicosanoid metabolism would aid in understanding the mechanisms that govern inflammatory processes. Here, we present a combined experimental and computational approach to understanding the biochemical basis of eicosanoid metabolism in macrophages. Lipidomic and transcriptomic measurements and analyses reveal temporal and dynamic changes of the eicosanoid metabolic network in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) upon stimulation of the Toll-like receptor 4 with Kdo2-Lipid A (KLA) and stimulation of the P2X7 purinergic receptor with adenosine 5'-triphosphate. Kinetic models were developed for the cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase branches of arachidonic acid metabolism, and then the rate constants were estimated with a data set from ATP-stimulated BMDM, using a two-step matrix-based approach employing a constrained least-squares method followed by nonlinear optimization. The robustness of the model was validated through parametric sensitivity, uncertainty analysis, and predicting an independent dataset from KLA-primed ATP-stimulated BMDM by allowing the parameters to vary within the uncertainty range of the calculated parameters. We analyzed the functional coupling between COX isozymes and terminal enzymes by developing a PGH2-divided model. This provided evidence for the functional coupling between COX-2 and PGE2 synthase, between COX-1/COX-2 and PGD2 synthase, and also between COX-1 and thromboxane A2 synthase. Further, these functional couplings were experimentally validated using COX-1 and COX-2 selective inhibitors. The resulting fluxomics analysis demonstrates that the "multi-omics" systems biology approach can define the complex machinery of eicosanoid networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shakti Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mano R Maurya
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Aaron Armando
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ishita Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California.
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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83
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Aspirin-intolerant asthma: a comprehensive review of biomarkers and pathophysiology. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2014. [PMID: 23184151 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-012-8340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease is a tetrad of nasal polyps, chronic hypertrophic eosinophilic sinusitis, asthma, and sensitivity to aspirin. Unawareness of this clinical condition by patients and physicians may have grave consequences because of its association with near-fatal asthma. The pathogenesis of aspirin-intolerant asthma is not related with an immunoglobin E mechanism, but with an abnormal metabolism of the lipoxygenase (LO) and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways. At present, a diagnosis of aspirin sensitivity can be established only by provocative aspirin challenge, which represents a health risk for the patient. This circumstance has encouraged the search for aspirin intolerance-specific biomarkers. Major attempts have focused on mediators related with inflammation and eicosanoid regulation. The use of modern laboratory techniques including high-throughput methods has facilitated the detection of dozens of biological metabolites associated with aspirin-intolerant asthma disease. Not surprisingly, the majority of these is implicated in the LO and COX pathways. However, substantial amounts of data reveal the participation of many genes deriving from different ontologies. Biomarkers may represent a powerful, noninvasive tool in the diagnosis of aspirin sensitivity; moreover, they could provide a new way to classify asthma phenotypes.
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84
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Kay LJ, Gilbert M, Pullen N, Skerratt S, Farrington J, Seward EP, Peachell PT. Characterization of the EP receptor subtype that mediates the inhibitory effects of prostaglandin E2 on IgE-dependent secretion from human lung mast cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2014; 43:741-51. [PMID: 23786281 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) has been shown to inhibit IgE-dependent histamine release from human lung mast cells. This effect of PGE2 is believed to be mediated by EP2 receptors. However, definitive evidence that this is the case has been lacking in the absence of EP2 -selective antagonists. Moreover, recent evidence has suggested that PGE2 activates EP4 receptors to inhibit respiratory cell function. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the receptor by which PGE2 inhibits human lung mast cell responses by using recently developed potent and selective EP2 and EP4 receptor antagonists alongside other established EP receptor ligands. METHODS The effects of non-selective (PGE2 , misoprostol), EP2 -selective (ONO-AE1-259, AH13205, butaprost-free acid) and EP4 -selective (L-902,688, TCS251) agonists on IgE-dependent histamine release and cyclic-AMP generation in mast cells were determined. The effects of EP2 -selective (PF-04418948, PF-04852946) and EP4 -selective (CJ-042794, L-161,982) antagonists on PGE2 responses of mast cells were studied. The expression of EP receptor subtypes was determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS Prostaglandin E2 , EP2 agonists and EP4 agonists inhibited IgE-dependent histamine release from mast cells. PGE2 and EP2 agonists, but not EP4 agonists, increased cyclic-AMP levels in mast cells. EP4 -selective antagonists did not affect the PGE2 inhibition of histamine release, whereas EP2 -selective antagonists caused rightward shifts in the PGE2 concentration-response curves. RT-PCR studies indicated that mast cells expressed EP2 and EP4 receptors. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although human lung mast cells may express both EP2 and EP4 receptors, the principal mechanism by which PGE2 inhibits mediator release in mast cells is by activating EP2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Kay
- Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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85
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Thompson MD, Cole DEC, Capra V, Siminovitch KA, Rovati GE, Burnham WM, Rana BK. Pharmacogenetics of the G protein-coupled receptors. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1175:189-242. [PMID: 25150871 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0956-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics investigates the influence of genetic variants on physiological phenotypes related to drug response and disease, while pharmacogenomics takes a genome-wide approach to advancing this knowledge. Both play an important role in identifying responders and nonresponders to medication, avoiding adverse drug reactions, and optimizing drug dose for the individual. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the primary target of therapeutic drugs and have been the focus of these studies. With the advance of genomic technologies, there has been a substantial increase in the inventory of naturally occurring rare and common GPCR variants. These variants include single-nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion or deletions that have potential to alter GPCR expression of function. In vivo and in vitro studies have determined functional roles for many GPCR variants, but genetic association studies that define the physiological impact of the majority of these common variants are still limited. Despite the breadth of pharmacogenetic data available, GPCR variants have not been included in drug labeling and are only occasionally considered in optimizing clinical use of GPCR-targeted agents. In this chapter, pharmacogenetic and genomic studies on GPCR variants are reviewed with respect to a subset of GPCR systems, including the adrenergic, calcium sensing, cysteinyl leukotriene, cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, and the de-orphanized receptors such as GPR55. The nature of the disruption to receptor function is discussed with respect to regulation of gene expression, expression on the cell surface (affected by receptor trafficking, dimerization, desensitization/downregulation), or perturbation of receptor function (altered ligand binding, G protein coupling, constitutive activity). The large body of experimental data generated on structure and function relationships and receptor-ligand interactions are being harnessed for the in silico functional prediction of naturally occurring GPCR variants. We provide information on online resources dedicated to GPCRs and present applications of publically available computational tools for pharmacogenetic studies of GPCRs. As the breadth of GPCR pharmacogenomic data becomes clearer, the opportunity for routine assessment of GPCR variants to predict disease risk, drug response, and potential adverse drug effects will become possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8,
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Fattahi MJ, Mirshafiey A. Positive and negative effects of prostaglandins in Alzheimer's disease. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2014; 68:50-60. [PMID: 23992456 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to clarify the role of prostaglandins and prostaglandin receptors in the immunopathology of Alzheimer's disease. A PubMed search was done using the key word, 'Alzheimer's disease' in combination with the term 'prostaglandins'. Articles from the past 10 years were preferentially selected but important ones from the past 20 years were also included according to the authors' judgment. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by pathological hallmarks such as extracellular deposition of the amyloid β-peptide, the appearance of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, extensive neuronal loss and synaptic changes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These processes induce inflammatory pathways by activating microglia, astrocytes and infiltrating leukocytes that produce inflammatory mediators including cytokines and prostaglandins.Prostaglandins are small lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid by multi-enzymatic pathways in which cyclooxygenases and phospholipases are the rate-limiting enzymes. In the central nervous system, prostaglandins exhibit either neurotoxic or neuroprotective effects by acting on specific G-protein-coupled receptors that have different subfamilies and differences in their selective agonists, tissue distribution and signal transduction cascades. Further studies on the role of prostaglandins in Alzheimer's disease may contribute to clarification of their neuroprotective actions, which may lead to the development of successful therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Fattahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Agas D, Marchetti L, Capitani M, Sabbieti MG. The dual face of parathyroid hormone and prostaglandins in the osteoimmune system. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E1185-94. [PMID: 24045870 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00290.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment of bone marrow, an extraordinarily heterogeneous and dynamic system, is populated by bone and immune cells, and its functional dimension has been at the forefront of recent studies in the field of osteoimmunology. The interaction of both marrow niches supports self-renewal, differentiation, and homing of the hematopoietic stem cells and provides the essential regulatory molecules for osteoblast and osteoclast homeostasis. Impaired signaling within the niches results in a pathological tableau and enhances disease, including osteoporosis and arthritis, or the rejection of hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Discovering the anabolic players that control these mechanisms has become warranted. In this review, we focus on parathyroid hormone (PTH) and prostaglandins (PGs), potent molecular mediators, both of which carry out a multitude of functions, particularly in bone lining cells and T cells. These two regulators proved to be promising therapeutic agents when strictly clinical protocols on dose treatments were applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Agas
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Italy
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88
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The immunobiology of prostanoid receptor signaling in connecting innate and adaptive immunity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:683405. [PMID: 24024207 PMCID: PMC3762073 DOI: 10.1155/2013/683405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostanoids, including prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), and prostacyclins, are synthesized from arachidonic acid (AA) by the action of Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. They are bioactive inflammatory lipid mediators that play a key role in immunity and immunopathology. Prostanoids exert their effects on immune and inflammatory cells by binding to membrane receptors that are widely expressed throughout the immune system and act at multiple levels in innate and adaptive immunity. The immunoregulatory role of prostanoids results from their ability to regulate cell-cell interaction, antigen presentation, cytokine production, cytokine receptor expression, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, cell-surface molecule levels, and cell migration in both autocrine and paracrine manners. By acting on immune cells of both systems, prostanoids and their receptors have great impact on immune regulation and play a pivotal role in connecting innate and adaptive immunity. This paper focuses on the immunobiology of prostanoid receptor signaling because of their potential clinical relevance for various disorders including inflammation, autoimmunity, and tumorigenesis. We mainly discuss the effects of major COX metabolites, PGD2, PGE2, their signaling during dendritic cell (DC)-natural killer (NK) reciprocal crosstalk, DC-T cell interaction, and subsequent consequences on determining crucial aspects of innate and adaptive immunity in normal and pathological settings.
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89
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Sekiguchi F, Aoki Y, Nakagawa M, Kanaoka D, Nishimoto Y, Tsubota-Matsunami M, Yamanaka R, Yoshida S, Kawabata A. AKAP-dependent sensitization of Ca(v) 3.2 channels via the EP(4) receptor/cAMP pathway mediates PGE(2) -induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:734-45. [PMID: 22924591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Ca(v) 3.2 isoform of T-type Ca(2+) channels (T channels) is sensitized by hydrogen sulfide, a pro-nociceptive gasotransmitter, and also by PKA that mediates PGE(2) -induced hyperalgesia. Here we examined and analysed Ca(v) 3.2 sensitization via the PGE(2) /cAMP pathway in NG108-15 cells that express Ca(v) 3.2 and produce cAMP in response to PGE(2) , and its impact on mechanical nociceptive processing in rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In NG108-15 cells and rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, T-channel-dependent currents (T currents) were measured with the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The molecular interaction of Ca(v) 3.2 with A-kinase anchoring protein 150 (AKAP150) and its phosphorylation were analysed by immunoprecipitation/immunoblotting in NG108-15 cells. Mechanical nociceptive threshold was determined by the paw pressure test in rats. KEY RESULTS In NG108-15 cells and/or rat DRG neurons, dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP) or PGE(2) increased T currents, an effect blocked by AKAP St-Ht31 inhibitor peptide (AKAPI) or KT5720, a PKA inhibitor. The effect of PGE(2) was abolished by RQ-00015986-00, an EP(4) receptor antagonist. AKAP150 was co-immunoprecipitated with Ca(v) 3.2, regardless of stimulation with db-cAMP, and Ca(v) 3.2 was phosphorylated by db-cAMP or PGE(2) . In rats, intraplantar (i.pl.) administration of db-cAMP or PGE(2) caused mechanical hyperalgesia, an effect suppressed by AKAPI, two distinct T-channel blockers, NNC 55-0396 and ethosuximide, or ZnCl(2) , known to inhibit Ca(v) 3.2 among T channels. Oral administration of RQ-00015986-00 suppressed the PGE(2) -induced mechanical hyperalgesia. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that PGE(2) causes AKAP-dependent phosphorylation and sensitization of Ca(v) 3.2 through the EP(4) receptor/cAMP/PKA pathway, leading to mechanical hyperalgesia in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Sekiguchi
- Division of Pharmacology & Pathophysiology, Kinki University School of Pharmacy, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
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90
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Prostanoids and inflammatory pain. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2013; 104-105:58-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Ho PJ, Yen ML, Tang BC, Chen CT, Yen BL. H2O2 accumulation mediates differentiation capacity alteration, but not proliferative decline, in senescent human fetal mesenchymal stem cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1895-905. [PMID: 23088254 PMCID: PMC3624695 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with multilineage differentiation capacity and immunomodulatory properties are novel sources for cell therapy. However, in vitro expansion of these rare somatic stem cells leads to senescence, resulting in declines of differentiation and proliferative capacities. We therefore investigated the mechanisms mediating senescence in human fetal MSCs termed placenta-derived multipotent cells (PDMCs). RESULTS Long-term cultured PDMCs underwent senescence, with increased levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; a reactive oxygen species), positive β-galactosidase staining, decreased sirtuin-1 expression, increased p21 expression, and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Senescent PDMCs also showed decreased osteogenic capacity. Mechanistically, increased p21 expression and proliferative decline were not due to elevated H2O2 levels nor mediated by p53. Instead, inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC)-α and -β in senescent PDMCs decreased p21 expression and reversed cell cycle arrest. H2O2 was involved in the alteration of differentiation potential, since scavenging of H2O2 restored expression of c-MAF, an osteogenic and age-sensitive transcription factor, and osteogenic capacity in senescent PDMCs. INNOVATION Our findings not only show the effects of senescence on MSCs, but also reveal mechanisms involved in mediating decreased proliferation and differentiation capacity. Moreover, targeting increased levels of H2O2 associated with senescence may reverse the decreased osteogenic capacity of senescent MSCs. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the two biological consequences of senescence, differentiation alteration, and proliferative decline, in fetal MSCs are distinctly regulated by the H2O2-c-MAF and PKC-p21 pathways, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Jiun Ho
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine ICSM, National Health Research Institute NHRI, Zhunan 350, Taiwan
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Trappe TA, Liu SZ. Effects of prostaglandins and COX-inhibiting drugs on skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:909-19. [PMID: 23539318 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00061.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been ∼40 yr since the discovery that PGs are produced by exercising skeletal muscle and since the discovery that inhibition of PG synthesis is the mechanism of action of what are now known as cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibiting drugs. Since that time, it has been established that PGs are made during and after aerobic and resistance exercise and have a potent paracrine and autocrine effect on muscle metabolism. Consequently, it has also been determined that orally consumed doses of COX inhibitors can profoundly influence muscle PG synthesis, muscle protein metabolism, and numerous other cellular processes that regulate muscle adaptations to exercise loading. Although data from acute human exercise studies, as well as animal and cell-culture data, would predict that regular consumption of a COX inhibitor during exercise training would dampen the typical muscle adaptations, the chronic data do not support this conjecture. From the studies in young and older individuals, lasting from 1.5 to 4 mo, no interfering effects of COX inhibitors on muscle adaptations to resistance-exercise training have been noted. In fact, in older individuals, a substantial enhancement of muscle mass and strength has been observed. The collective findings of the PG/COX-pathway regulation of skeletal muscle responses and adaptations to exercise are compelling. Considering the discoveries in other areas of COX regulation of health and disease, there is certainly an interesting future of investigation in this re-emerging area, especially as it pertains to older individuals and the condition of sarcopenia, as well as exercise training and performance of individuals of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
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Gori I, Rodriguez Y, Pellegrini C, Achtari C, Hornung D, Chardonnens E, Wunder D, Fiche M, Canny GO. Augmented epithelial multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 expression in peritoneal endometriosis: regulation by lipoxin A(4). Fertil Steril 2013; 99:1965-73.e2. [PMID: 23472950 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.01.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the expression of the prostaglandin (PG) E(2) transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4) in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissue from endometriosis patients with that of control subjects and to examine whether MRP4 is regulated by the antiinflammatory lipid lipoxin A(4) (LXA(4)) in endometriotic epithelial cells. DESIGN Molecular analysis in human samples and a cell line. SETTING Two university hospitals and a private clinic. PATIENT(S) A total of 59 endometriosis patients and 32 age- and body mass index-matched control subjects undergoing laparoscopy or hysterectomy. INTERVENTION(S) Normal, eutopic, and ectopic endometrial biopsies as well as peritoneal fluid were obtained during surgery performed during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. 12Z endometriotic epithelial cells were used for in vitro mechanistic studies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Tissue MRP4 mRNA levels were quantified by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and localization was analyzed with the use of immunohistochemistry. Cellular MRP4 mRNA and protein were quantified by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. PGE(2) was measured in peritoneal fluid and cell supernatants using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). RESULT(S) MRP4 was expressed in eutopic and ectopic endometrium, where it was overexpressed in peritoneal lesions and localized in the cytoplasm of glandular epithelial cells. LXA(4) attenuated MRP4 mRNA and protein levels in endometriotic epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner, while not affecting the expression of enzymes involved in PGE(2) metabolism. Investigations employing receptor antagonists and small interfering RNA revealed that this occurred through estrogen receptor α. Accordingly, LXA(4) treatment inhibited extracellular PGE(2) release. CONCLUSION(S) We report for the first time that MRP4 is expressed in human endometrium, elevated in peritoneal endometriosis, and modulated by LXA(4) in endometriotic epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Gori
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Medical Genetics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Han LN, Guo SL, Li TL, Ding GL, Zhang YJ, Ma JL. Effect of immune modulation therapy on cardiac function and T-bet/GATA-3 gene expression in aging male patients with chronic cardiac insufficiency. Immunotherapy 2013; 5:143-53. [PMID: 23413906 DOI: 10.2217/imt.12.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the role of immune modulation therapy in regulating the imbalance of Th1/Th2, serum IFN-γ, IL-4 and the T-cell-specific transcription factors T-bet/GATA-3 in peripheral blood in aging male patients with chronic cardiac insufficiency (CCI). Patients & methods: In total, 156 participants were divided into three groups: the CCI intervention group, which received regular therapy and thymopetidum (20 mg intramuscular injection, once every other day for 3 months; n = 70), the CCI control group, which received regular therapy (n = 56) and 50 healthy individuals older than 57 years of age, who served as normal controls. Results: Before therapy, in comparison with the control group, levels of left ventricular end diastolic diameter, NT-proBNP, C-reactive protein (CRP), Th1, Th1/Th2, IFN-γ, and T-bet mRNA and T-bet/GATA-3 mRNA all increased, and the level of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 6MWT, Th2, IL-4, and GATA-3 mRNA also decreased in both the CCI intervention and control groups. Linear correlation analysis indicated that LVEF was inversely correlated with serum NT-proBNP, CRP, Th1/Th2, IFN-γ and T-bet mRNA/GATA-3 mRNA, and was positively correlated with plasma IL-4. After 3 months of therapy, levels of left ventricular end diastolic diameter, NT-proBNP, CRP, Th1, Th1/Th2, IFN-γ, T-bet mRNA and T-bet/GATA-3 mRNA decreased in the two CCI subgroups, but levels in the CCI intervention group were lower in comparison to the control group. Levels of LVEF, 6MWT, Th2 and GATA-3 mRNA increased in the two CCI subgroups, while levels in the CCI intervention group were higher in comparison with the control group. Plasma levels of IL-4 showed no change after treatment. Conclusion: Immune modulation improved cardiac function of CCI patients and was associated with amelioration of T-helper superficial transcription factor polarization and its related cytokine imbalance. Immune modulation might be a new treatment strategy for aging CCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Han
- First Department of Geriatric Cardiology Internal Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Number 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shu-Li Guo
- First Department of Geriatric Cardiology Internal Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Number 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tie-Ling Li
- Department of Cadre Physiotherapy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Number 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Guo-Lei Ding
- First Department of Geriatric Cardiology Internal Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Number 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ya-Jing Zhang
- First Department of Geriatric Cardiology Internal Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Number 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jin-Ling Ma
- First Department of Geriatric Cardiology Internal Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Number 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
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Jiang J, Dingledine R. Role of prostaglandin receptor EP2 in the regulations of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012. [PMID: 23192657 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.200444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Population studies, preclinical, and clinical trials suggest a role for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, PTGS2) in tumor formation and progression. The downstream prostanoid receptor signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis are poorly understood, although prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)), a major COX-2 metabolite which is usually upregulated in the involved tissues, presumably plays important roles in tumor biology. Taking advantage of our recently identified novel selective antagonist for the EP2 (PTGER2) subtype of PGE(2) receptor, we demonstrated that EP2 receptor activation could promote prostate cancer cell growth and invasion in vitro, accompanied by upregulation of the tumor-promoting inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-6. Our results suggest the involvement of prostaglandin receptor EP2 in cancer cell proliferation and invasion possibly via its inflammatory actions, and indicate that selective blockade of the PGE(2)-EP2 signaling pathway via small molecule antagonists might represent a novel therapy for tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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96
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Soper JH, Sugiyama S, Herbst-Robinson K, James MJ, Wang X, Trojanowski JQ, Smith AB, Lee VMY, Ballatore C, Brunden KR. Brain-penetrant tetrahydronaphthalene thromboxane A2-prostanoid (TP) receptor antagonists as prototype therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:928-40. [PMID: 23173073 DOI: 10.1021/cn3000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark pathological feature of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain is the presence of senile plaques, which comprise amyloid β (Aβ) peptides that are derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The plaque-containing AD brain is thought to be under oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased lipid oxidation products that include isoprostane-F2αIII (iPF2αIII). IPF2αIII can bind to and activate the thromboxane A2-prostanoid (TP) receptor, and TP receptor activation causes increased Aβ production through enhancement of APP mRNA stability. Moreover, TP receptor antagonists have been shown to block iPF2αIII-induced increases of Aβ secretion. Thus, the TP receptor may be a potential drug target for AD therapy. However, here we show that existing TP receptor antagonists have poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, likely due to the presence of a carboxylic acid moiety that is believed to be important for receptor interaction, but which may hamper passive diffusion across the BBB. We now report selected analogues of a known tetrahydronaphthalene TP receptor antagonist, wherein the carboxylic acid moiety has been replaced by heterocyclic bioisosteres. These heterocyclic analogues retained relatively high affinity for the mouse and human TP receptors, and, unlike the parent carboxylic acid compound, several examples freely diffused across the BBB into the brain upon administration to mice. These results reveal that brain-penetrant tetrahydronaphthalene TP receptor antagonists can be developed by substituting the carboxylic acid moiety with a suitable nonacidic bioisostere. Compounds of this type hold promise as potential lead structures to develop drug candidates for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Soper
- Center for Neurodegenerative
Disease Research, Institute on Aging, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, 19104-6323
| | - Shimpei Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, School
of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6323
| | - Katie Herbst-Robinson
- Center for Neurodegenerative
Disease Research, Institute on Aging, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, 19104-6323
| | - Michael J. James
- Center for Neurodegenerative
Disease Research, Institute on Aging, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, 19104-6323
| | - Xiaozhao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School
of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6323
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative
Disease Research, Institute on Aging, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, 19104-6323
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School
of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6323
| | - Virginia M.-Y. Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative
Disease Research, Institute on Aging, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, 19104-6323
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Center for Neurodegenerative
Disease Research, Institute on Aging, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, 19104-6323
- Department of Chemistry, School
of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6323
| | - Kurt R. Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative
Disease Research, Institute on Aging, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, 19104-6323
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97
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Regulation of prostacyclin synthase expression and prostacyclin content in the pig endometrium. Theriogenology 2012; 78:2071-86. [PMID: 23043950 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are critical regulators of a number of reproductive processes, including embryo development and implantation. In the present study, prostacyclin (PGI(2)) synthase (PGIS) mRNA and protein expression, as well as 6-keto PGF(1α) (a PGI(2) metabolite) concentration, were investigated in the pig uterus. Endometrial tissue and uterine luminal flushings were obtained on Days 4 to 18 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Additionally, conceptuses were collected and examined for PGIS mRNA expression and 6-keto PGF(1α) concentration. Regulation of PGI(2) synthesis in the porcine endometrium by steroids, conceptus products, and cytokines was studied in vitro and/or in vivo. Endometrial PGIS protein level increased on Days 12 and 16 in pregnant but not in cyclic gilts. Moreover, higher PGIS protein expression on Day 12 of pregnancy was accompanied by a greater content of 6-keto PGF(1α) in the endometrium. The concentration of 6-keto PGF(1α) in uterine luminal flushings increased substantially on Days 16 and 18 in pregnant gilts and was higher than in cyclic animals. Greater PGIS mRNA expression and PGI(2) metabolite concentration were detected in Day 12 and 14 conceptuses, respectively. Incubation of endometrial explants with conceptus-conditioned medium resulted in upregulation of PGIS protein expression and increased PGI(2) secretion. Moreover, PGIS mRNA and protein expression were upregulated in the endometrium collected from gravid uterine horn on Day 14 of pregnancy. In summary, PGIS is differentially expressed in the endometrium of cyclic and pregnant gilts resulting in higher PGI(2) synthesis in pregnant animals. Porcine conceptuses are important regulators of endometrial PGIS expression and PGI(2) release during the implantation period.
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98
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Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-specific drugs such as rofecoxib and celecoxib and the newer agents, etoricoxib and valdecoxib, were developed to provide a safer alternative to traditional nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (tNSAIDs). These drugs have been shown significantly to reduce endoscopically visualized gastrointestinal ulcers, and one of them, rofecoxib, has demonstrated a 50% reduction in clinically important gastrointestinal outcomes compared with a tNSAID. However, COX-derived prostaglandins also have complex interactions with the cardiovascular system. This article briefly reviews our current understanding of the interactions between prostaglandins and cardiovascular physiology, and addresses some of the concerns that recently have been raised regarding coxibs and the risk of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garret A Fitzgerald
- From the University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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99
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Grad E, Pachino RM, FitzGerald GA, Danenberg HD. Role of Thromboxane Receptor in C-Reactive Protein–Induced Thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2468-74. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.256073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
Thromboxane A
2
and prostacyclin are thromboregulatory prostaglandins. The inflammatory C-reactive protein (CRP) promotes thrombosis after vascular injury, presumably via potentiation of thromboxane activity. Using a genetic approach, we investigated the role of thromboxane receptor (TP) pathway in CRP-induced thrombosis.
Methods and Results—
Four genetically engineered mice strains were used:
C57BL
/
6
wild-type, human CRP transgenic (
CRPtg
), thromboxane receptor–deficient (
Tp
−/−
), and CRPtgTp
−/−
mice. CRP and TP expression were correlated, and suppression of CRP expression using small interfering RNA/CRP led to reduction in TP expression. Platelet–endothelial adherence was increased in CRPtg and suppressed in CRPtgTP
−/−
and CRPtg cells that were suppressed with TP small interfering RNA. TP deficiency in both platelets and endothelial cells was synergistic in affecting platelet–endothelial interactions. Time until arterial occlusion, measured after photochemical injury, was significantly shorter in CRPtg and prolonged in CRPtgTp
−/−
compared with controls (n=10–15, 35±3.4, 136±13.8, and 67±8.9 minutes, respectively;
P
<0.05).
Conclusion—
TP pathway is of major importance in CRP-induced thrombosis. The expression of TP is increased in CRPtg endothelial cells, and its blockade significantly suppresses the prothrombotic effect of CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etty Grad
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (E.G, R.M.P., H.D.D.); and the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (G.A.F.)
| | - Rachel M. Pachino
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (E.G, R.M.P., H.D.D.); and the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (G.A.F.)
| | - Garret A. FitzGerald
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (E.G, R.M.P., H.D.D.); and the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (G.A.F.)
| | - Haim D. Danenberg
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel (E.G, R.M.P., H.D.D.); and the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (G.A.F.)
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100
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Inflammation modulates expression of laminin in the central nervous system following ischemic injury. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:159. [PMID: 22759265 PMCID: PMC3414761 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke induces neuronal death in the core of the infarct within a few hours and the secondary damage in the surrounding regions over a long period of time. Reduction of inflammation using pharmacological reagents has become a target of research for the treatment of stroke. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), a marker of inflammation, is induced during stroke and enhances inflammatory reactions through the release of enzymatic products, such as prostaglandin (PG) E2. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and COX-2 knockout (COX-2KO) mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Additionally, brain slices derived from these mice or brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions. The expression levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were assessed and correlated with the state of inflammation. RESULTS We found that components of the ECM, and specifically laminin, are transiently highly upregulated on endothelial cells after MCAO or OGD. This upregulation is not observed in COX-2KO mice or WT mice treated with COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, suggesting that COX-2 is associated with changes in the levels of laminins. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we report that transient ECM remodeling takes place early after stroke and suggest that this increase in ECM protein expression may constitute an effort to revascularize and oxygenate the tissue.
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