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C-terminal deletion of NOTCH1 intracellular domain (N1 ICD) increases its stability but does not amplify and recapitulate N1 ICD-dependent signalling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5034. [PMID: 28698562 PMCID: PMC5506007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the generation of a mouse strain conditionally expressing the active intracellular domain of Notch1 (N1ICD), many laboratories have exploited this model (RosaN1-ICD) to assess the impact of constitutive Notch1 signalling activation in normal and pathological processes. It should be underscored that Cre-recombination leads to the expression of a C-terminally truncated form of N1ICD (N1ICDdC) in the RosaN1-ICD mutant mice. Given that no studies were undertaken to delineate whether deletion of this region leaves intact N1ICD function, stable cell lines with single targeted integration of inducible N1ICD and N1ICDdC were generated. We found that C-terminal deletion of N1ICD stabilized the protein but did not promote the activity of Notch responsive promoters. Furthermore, despite higher expression levels, N1ICDdC failed to phenocopy N1ICD in the promotion of anchorage-independent growth. Our results thus suggest that the C-terminal region of N1ICD plays a role in shaping the Notch response. Therefore, it should be taken into consideration that N1ICD is truncated when interpreting phenotypes of RosaN1-ICD mutant mice.
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52
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Welsch ME, Kaplan A, Chambers JM, Stokes ME, Bos PH, Zask A, Zhang Y, Sanchez-Martin M, Badgley MA, Huang CS, Tran TH, Akkiraju H, Brown LM, Nandakumar R, Cremers S, Yang WS, Tong L, Olive KP, Ferrando A, Stockwell BR. Multivalent Small-Molecule Pan-RAS Inhibitors. Cell 2017; 168:878-889.e29. [PMID: 28235199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Design of small molecules that disrupt protein-protein interactions, including the interaction of RAS proteins and their effectors, may provide chemical probes and therapeutic agents. We describe here the synthesis and testing of potential small-molecule pan-RAS ligands, which were designed to interact with adjacent sites on the surface of oncogenic KRAS. One compound, termed 3144, was found to bind to RAS proteins using microscale thermophoresis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and isothermal titration calorimetry and to exhibit lethality in cells partially dependent on expression of RAS proteins. This compound was metabolically stable in liver microsomes and displayed anti-tumor activity in xenograft mouse cancer models. These findings suggest that pan-RAS inhibition may be an effective therapeutic strategy for some cancers and that structure-based design of small molecules targeting multiple adjacent sites to create multivalent inhibitors may be effective for some proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Welsch
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Anna Kaplan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jennifer M Chambers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Michael E Stokes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Pieter H Bos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Arie Zask
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Marta Sanchez-Martin
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael A Badgley
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases in the Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christine S Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Timothy H Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Hemanth Akkiraju
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Quantitative Proteomics and Metabolomics Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Lewis M Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Quantitative Proteomics and Metabolomics Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Renu Nandakumar
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Serge Cremers
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wan Seok Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Liang Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kenneth P Olive
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases in the Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Adolfo Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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53
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Novel tumor-suppressor function of KLF4 in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Exp Hematol 2017; 53:16-25. [PMID: 28479419 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematological malignancy in pediatric patients. Despite advances in the treatment of this disease, many children with T-cell ALL (T-ALL) die from disease relapse due to low responses to standard chemotherapy and the lack of a targeted therapy that selectively eradicates the chemoresistant leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) responsible for disease recurrence. We reported recently that the reprogramming factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) has a tumor-suppressive function in children with T-ALL. KLF4 silencing by promoter deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation in patients with T-ALL leads to aberrant activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase MAP2K7 and the downstream c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway that controls the expansion of leukemia cells via c-Jun and activating transcription factor 2. This pathway can be inhibited with small molecules and therefore has the potential to eliminate LICs and eradicate disease in combination with standard therapy for patients with refractory and relapsed disease. The present review summarizes the role of the KLF4-MAP2K7 pathway in T-ALL pathogenesis and the function of JNK and MAP2K7 in carcinogenesis and therapy.
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54
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Souroullas GP, Fedoriw Y, Staudt LM, Sharpless NE. Lkb1 deletion in murine B lymphocytes promotes cell death and cancer. Exp Hematol 2017; 51:63-70.e1. [PMID: 28435024 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
LKB1 (also known as STK11) is a potent tumor suppressor in solid tumors, such as melanoma and lung adenocarcinoma, but inactivation in hematopoietic cells causes cell death without signs of tumorigenesis. We noted somatic LKB1 deletion or mutation at low frequency in human B-cell lymphoma. To determine if LKB1 inactivation is a passenger or driver event in lymphoid cancers, we examined the effects of conditional inactivation of Lkb1 in murine lymphocytes. Consistent with prior reports, Lkb1 deletion in either T or B cells resulted in massive, lineage-specific apoptosis. Surprisingly, despite an 80% reduction of peripheral B-cell number, animals harboring somatic B-lineage Lkb1 deletion developed aggressive B-cell lymphoma with high penetrance and moderate latency. Malignant B cells exhibited somatic Lkb1 recombination. In contrast, Lkb1 deletion in T cells did not promote tumorigenesis. Concomitant Ras activation with Lkb1 deletion reduced T-cell apoptosis, but did not enhance tumor formation in T or B cells. These results suggest that although physiologic LKB1 expression exerts a potent pro-survival effect in lymphocytes, LKB1 inactivation nonetheless facilitates transformation of B, but not T, lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P Souroullas
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Yuri Fedoriw
- The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Louis M Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Norman E Sharpless
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.
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55
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Dnmt3a regulates T-cell development and suppresses T-ALL transformation. Leukemia 2017; 31:2479-2490. [PMID: 28321121 PMCID: PMC5636646 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematopoietic neoplasm resulting from the malignant transformation of T-cell progenitors, and comprises approximately 15% and 25% of pediatric and adult ALL cases respectively. It is well-established that activating NOTCH1 mutations are the major genetic lesions driving T-ALL in most patients, but efforts to develop targeted therapies against this pathway have produced limited success in decreasing leukemic burden and come with significant clinical side effects. A finer detailed understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying T-ALL is required identify patients at increased risk for treatment failure and the development of precision medicine strategies. Generation of genetic models that more accurately reflect the normal developmental history of T-ALL are necessary to identify new avenues for treatment. The DNA methyltransferase enzyme DNMT3A is also recurrently mutated in T-ALL patients, and we show here that inactivation of Dnmt3a combined with Notch1 gain-of-function leads to an aggressive T-ALL in mouse models. Moreover, conditional inactivation of Dnmt3a in mouse hematopoietic cells leads to an accumulation of immature progenitors in the thymus which are less apoptotic. These data demonstrate that Dnmt3a is required for normal T-cell development, and acts as a T-ALL tumor suppressor.
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56
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Tan Y, Sementino E, Xu J, Pei J, Liu Z, Ito TK, Cai KQ, Peri S, Klein-Szanto AJP, Wiest DL, Testa JR. The homeoprotein Dlx5 drives murine T-cell lymphomagenesis by directly transactivating Notch and upregulating Akt signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14941-14956. [PMID: 28122332 PMCID: PMC5362456 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes play a critical role in embryonic development, but they have also been implicated in cancer through mechanisms that are largely unknown. While not expressed during normal T-cell development, homeobox transcription factor genes can be reactivated via recurrent chromosomal rearrangements in human T-cell acute leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL), a malignancy often associated with activated Notch and Akt signaling. To address how epigenetic reprogramming via an activated homeobox gene might contribute to T-lymphomagenesis, we investigated a transgenic mouse model with thymocyte-specific overexpression of the Dlx5 homeobox gene. We demonstrate for the first time that Dlx5 induces T-cell lymphomas with high penetrance. Integrated ChIP-seq and mRNA microarray analyses identified Notch1/3 and Irs2 as direct transcriptional targets of Dlx5, a gene signature unique to lymphomas from Lck-Dlx5 mice as compared to T-cell lymphomas from Lck-MyrAkt2 mice, which were previously reported by our group. Moreover, promoter/enhancer studies confirmed that Dlx5 directly transactivates Notch expression. Notch1/3 expression and Irs2-induced Akt signaling were upregulated throughout early stages of T-cell development, which promoted cell survival during β-selection of T lymphocytes. Dlx5 was required for tumor maintenance via its activation of Notch and Akt, as tumor cells were highly sensitive to Notch and Akt inhibitors. Together, these findings provide unbiased genetic and mechanistic evidence that Dlx5 acts as an oncogene when aberrantly expressed in T cells, and that it is a novel discovery that Notch is a direct target of Dlx5. These experimental findings provide mechanistic insights about how reactivation of the Dlx5 gene can drive T-ALL by aberrant epigenetic reprogramming of the T-cell genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfei Tan
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Eleonora Sementino
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jinfei Xu
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jianming Pei
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Zemin Liu
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Timothy K Ito
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Suraj Peri
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Andres J P Klein-Szanto
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - David L Wiest
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Joseph R Testa
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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57
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Wang Z, Hu Y, Xiao D, Wang J, Liu C, Xu Y, Shi X, Jiang P, Huang L, Li P, Liu H, Qing G. Stabilization of Notch1 by the Hsp90 Chaperone is Crucial for T-Cell Leukemogenesis. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:3834-3846. [PMID: 28143869 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojing Wang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Daibiao Xiao
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Jingchao Wang
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Chuntao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yisheng Xu
- Protein Facility, Center of Biomedical Analysis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Shi
- Protein Facility, Center of Biomedical Analysis, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Peng Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Peng Li
- South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hudan Liu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Guoliang Qing
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
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58
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The NOTCH1-MYC highway toward T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2017; 129:1124-1133. [PMID: 28115368 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-692582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a highly proliferative hematologic malignancy that results from the transformation of immature T-cell progenitors. Aberrant cell growth and proliferation in T-ALL lymphoblasts are sustained by activation of strong oncogenic drivers promoting cell anabolism and cell cycle progression. Oncogenic NOTCH signaling, which is activated in more than 65% of T-ALL patients by activating mutations in the NOTCH1 gene, has emerged as a major regulator of leukemia cell growth and metabolism. T-ALL NOTCH1 mutations result in ligand-independent and sustained NOTCH1-receptor signaling, which translates into activation of a broad transcriptional program dominated by upregulation of genes involved in anabolic pathways. Among these, the MYC oncogene plays a major role in NOTCH1-induced transformation. As result, the oncogenic activity of NOTCH1 in T-ALL is strictly dependent on MYC upregulation, which makes the NOTCH1-MYC regulatory circuit an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of T-ALL.
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59
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Abstract
The zebrafish, Danio rerio, is a well-established, invaluable model system for the study of human cancers. The genetic pathways that drive oncogenesis are highly conserved between zebrafish and humans, and multiple unique attributes of the zebrafish make it a tractable tool for analyzing the underlying cellular processes that give rise to human disease. In particular, the high conservation between human and zebrafish hematopoiesis (Jing & Zon, 2011) has stimulated the development of zebrafish models for human hematopoietic malignancies to elucidate molecular pathogenesis and to expedite the preclinical investigation of novel therapies. While T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the first transgenic cancer model in zebrafish (Langenau et al., 2003), a wide spectrum of zebrafish models of human hematopoietic malignancies has been established since 2003, largely through transgenesis and genome-editing approaches. This chapter presents key examples that validate the zebrafish as an indispensable model system for the study of hematopoietic malignancies and highlights new models that demonstrate recent advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S He
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - C-B Jing
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A T Look
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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60
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Passaro D, Quang CT, Ghysdael J. Microenvironmental cues for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia development. Immunol Rev 2016; 271:156-72. [PMID: 27088913 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intensive chemotherapy regimens have led to a substantial improvement in the cure rate of patients suffering from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Despite this progress, about 15% and 50% of pediatric and adult cases, respectively, show resistance to treatment or relapse with dismal prognosis, calling for further therapeutic investigations. T-ALL is an heterogeneous disease, which presents intrinsic alterations leading to aberrant expression of transcription factors normally involved in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell development and mutations in genes implicated in the regulation of cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and T-cell development. Gene expression profiling allowed the classification of T-ALL into defined molecular subgroups that mostly reflects the stage of their differentiation arrest. So far this knowledge has not translated into novel, targeted therapy. Recent evidence points to the importance of extrinsic signaling cues in controlling the ability of T-ALL to home, survive, and proliferate, thus offering the perspective of new therapeutic options. This review summarizes the present understanding of the interactions between hematopoietic cells and bone marrow/thymic niches during normal hematopoiesis, describes the main signaling pathways implicated in this dialog, and finally highlights how malignant T cells rely on specific niches to maintain their ability to sustain and propagate leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Passaro
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, London, UK
| | - Christine Tran Quang
- Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
| | - Jacques Ghysdael
- Institut Curie, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
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61
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Shen Y, Park CS, Suppipat K, Mistretta TA, Puppi M, Horton TM, Rabin K, Gray NS, Meijerink JPP, Lacorazza HD. Inactivation of KLF4 promotes T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and activates the MAP2K7 pathway. Leukemia 2016; 31:1314-1324. [PMID: 27872496 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy with a high incidence of relapse in pediatric ALL. Although most T-ALL patients exhibit activating mutations in NOTCH1, the cooperating genetic events required to accelerate the onset of leukemia and worsen disease progression are largely unknown. Here, we show that the gene encoding the transcription factor KLF4 is inactivated by DNA methylation in children with T-ALL. In mice, loss of KLF4 accelerated the development of NOTCH1-induced T-ALL by enhancing the G1-to-S transition in leukemic cells and promoting the expansion of leukemia-initiating cells. Mechanistically, KLF4 represses the gene encoding the kinase MAP2K7. Our results showed that in murine and pediatric T-ALL, loss of KLF4 leads to aberrant activation of MAP2K7 and of the downstream effectors JNK and ATF2. As a proof-of-concept for the development of a targeted therapy, administration of JNK inhibitors reduced the expansion of leukemia cells in cell-based and patient-derived xenograft models. Collectively, these data uncover a novel function for KLF4 in regulating the MAP2K7 pathway in T-ALL cells, which can be targeted to eradicate leukemia-initiating cells in T-ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shen
- Department of Pathology &Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - C S Park
- Department of Pathology &Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K Suppipat
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T-A Mistretta
- Department of Pathology &Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Puppi
- Department of Pathology &Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - T M Horton
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K Rabin
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - N S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J P P Meijerink
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam and the Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H D Lacorazza
- Department of Pathology &Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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62
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High selective pressure for Notch1 mutations that induce Myc in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2016; 128:2229-2240. [PMID: 27670423 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-01-692855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating NOTCH1 mutations are frequent in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and Notch inhibitors (γ-secretase inhibitors [GSIs]) have produced responses in patients with relapsed, refractory disease. However, sustained responses, although reported, are uncommon, suggesting that other pathways can substitute for Notch in T-ALL. To address this possibility, we first generated KrasG12D transgenic mice with T-cell-specific expression of the pan-Notch inhibitor, dominant-negative Mastermind (DNMAML). These mice developed leukemia, but instead of accessing alternative oncogenic pathways, the tumor cells acquired Notch1 mutations and subsequently deleted DNMAML, reinforcing the notion that activated Notch1 is particularly transforming within the context of T-cell progenitors. We next took a candidate approach to identify oncogenic pathways downstream of Notch, focusing on Myc and Akt, which are Notch targets in T-cell progenitors. KrasG12D mice transduced with Myc developed T-ALLs that were GSI-insensitive and lacked Notch1 mutations. In contrast, KrasG12D mice transduced with myristoylated AKT developed GSI-sensitive T-ALLs that acquired Notch1 mutations. Thus, Myc can substitute for Notch1 in leukemogenesis, whereas Akt cannot. These findings in primary tumors extend recent work using human T-ALL cell lines and xenografts and suggest that the Notch/Myc signaling axis is of predominant importance in understanding both the selective pressure for Notch mutations in T-ALL and response and resistance of T-ALL to Notch pathway inhibitors.
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63
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Gusscott S, Jenkins CE, Lam SH, Giambra V, Pollak M, Weng AP. IGF1R Derived PI3K/AKT Signaling Maintains Growth in a Subset of Human T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161158. [PMID: 27532210 PMCID: PMC4988785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) is a prevalent signaling pathway in human cancer that supports cell growth/survival and thus contributes to aggressive biological behavior. Much work has gone into development of IGF1R inhibitors; however, candidate agents including small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and blocking antibodies have yet to fulfill their promise clinically. Understanding cellular features that define sensitivity versus resistance are important for effective patient selection and anticipation of outgrowth of a resistant clone. We previously identified an important role for IGF signaling in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) relying primarily upon genetically defined mouse models. We present here an assessment of IGF1R dependence in human T-ALL using a broad panel of 27 established cell lines that capture a spectrum of the genetic variation that might be encountered in clinical practice. We observed that a subset of cell lines are sensitive to IGF1R inhibition and are characterized by high levels of surface IGF1R expression and PTEN positivity. Interestingly, lentiviral expression or knock-down of PTEN in PTEN-negative/positive cell lines, respectively, had limited effects on their response to IGF1R inhibition, suggesting that PTEN contributes to, but does not define IGF dependence. Additionally, we characterize downstream PI3K/AKT signaling as dominant over RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK in mediating growth and/or survival in this context. Finally, we demonstrate that IGF and interleukin-7 (IL-7) fulfill non-overlapping roles in supporting T-ALL growth. These findings are significant in that they reveal cellular features and downstream mechanisms that may determine the response of an individual patient’s tumor to IGF1R inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Gusscott
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | | | - Sonya H. Lam
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Giambra
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Michael Pollak
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrew P. Weng
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- * E-mail:
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64
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Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive haematological malignancy derived from early T cell progenitors. In recent years genomic and transcriptomic studies have uncovered major oncogenic and tumour suppressor pathways involved in T-ALL transformation and identified distinct biological groups associated with prognosis. An increased understanding of T-ALL biology has already translated into new prognostic biomarkers and improved animal models of leukaemia and has opened opportunities for the development of targeted therapies for the treatment of this disease. In this Review we examine our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of T-ALL and recent developments in the translation of these results to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Belver
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Adolfo Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Stein SJ, Mack EA, Rome KS, Pajcini KV, Ohtani T, Xu L, Li Y, Meijerink JPP, Faryabi RB, Pear WS. Trib2 Suppresses Tumor Initiation in Notch-Driven T-ALL. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155408. [PMID: 27191957 PMCID: PMC4871414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Trib2 is highly expressed in human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and is a direct transcriptional target of the oncogenic drivers Notch and TAL1. In human TAL1-driven T-ALL cell lines, Trib2 is proposed to function as an important survival factor, but there is limited information about the role of Trib2 in primary T-ALL. In this study, we investigated the role of Trib2 in the initiation and maintenance of Notch-dependent T-ALL. Trib2 had no effect on the growth and survival of murine T-ALL cell lines in vitro when expression was blocked by shRNAs. To test the function of Trib2 on leukemogenesis in vivo, we generated Trib2 knockout mice. Mice were born at the expected Mendelian frequencies without gross developmental anomalies. Adult mice did not develop pathology or shortened survival, and hematopoiesis, including T cell development, was unperturbed. Using a retroviral model of Notch-induced T-ALL, deletion of Trib2 unexpectedly decreased the latency and increased the penetrance of T-ALL development in vivo. Immunoblotting of primary murine T-ALL cells showed that the absence of Trib2 increased C/EBPα expression, a known regulator of cell proliferation, and did not alter AKT or ERK phosphorylation. Although Trib2 was suggested to be highly expressed in T-ALL, transcriptomic analysis of two independent T-ALL cohorts showed that low Trib2 expression correlated with the TLX1-expressing cortical mature T-ALL subtype, whereas high Trib2 expression correlated with the LYL1-expressing early immature T-ALL subtype. These data indicate that Trib2 has a complex role in the pathogenesis of Notch-driven T-ALL, which may vary between different T-ALL subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Stein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Institute for Immunology, Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Ethan A. Mack
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Institute for Immunology, Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Kelly S. Rome
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Institute for Immunology, Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Kostandin V. Pajcini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Institute for Immunology, Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Takuya Ohtani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Institute for Immunology, Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Lanwei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Institute for Immunology, Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Yunlei Li
- The Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jules P. P. Meijerink
- The Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert B. Faryabi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Institute for Immunology, Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Warren S. Pear
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Institute for Immunology, Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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66
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Bernasconi-Elias P, Hu T, Jenkins D, Firestone B, Gans S, Kurth E, Capodieci P, Deplazes-Lauber J, Petropoulos K, Thiel P, Ponsel D, Hee Choi S, LeMotte P, London A, Goetcshkes M, Nolin E, Jones MD, Slocum K, Kluk MJ, Weinstock DM, Christodoulou A, Weinberg O, Jaehrling J, Ettenberg SA, Buckler A, Blacklow SC, Aster JC, Fryer CJ. Characterization of activating mutations of NOTCH3 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and anti-leukemic activity of NOTCH3 inhibitory antibodies. Oncogene 2016; 35:6077-6086. [PMID: 27157619 PMCID: PMC5102827 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Notch receptors have been implicated as oncogenic drivers in several cancers, the most notable example being NOTCH1 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). To characterize the role of activated NOTCH3 in cancer, we generated an antibody that detects the neo-epitope created upon gamma-secretase cleavage of NOTCH3 to release its intracellular domain (ICD3), and sequenced the negative regulatory region (NRR) and PEST domain coding regions of NOTCH3 in a panel of cell lines. We also characterize NOTCH3 tumor-associated mutations that result in activation of signaling and report new inhibitory antibodies. We determined the structural basis for receptor inhibition by obtaining the first co-crystal structure of a NOTCH3 antibody with the NRR protein and defined two distinct epitopes for NRR antibodies. The antibodies exhibit potent anti-leukemic activity in cell lines and tumor xenografts harboring NOTCH3 activating mutations. Screening of primary T-ALL samples reveals that two of 40 tumors examined show active NOTCH3 signaling. We also identified evidence of NOTCH3 activation in 12 of 24 patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models, two of which exhibit activation of NOTCH3 without activation of NOTCH1. Our studies provide additional insights into NOTCH3 activation and offer a path forward for identification of cancers that are likely to respond to therapy with NOTCH3 selective inhibitory antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bernasconi-Elias
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - T Hu
- Center for Proteomic Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D Jenkins
- Department of Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - B Firestone
- Department of Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Gans
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - E Kurth
- Department of Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P Capodieci
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Deplazes-Lauber
- Discovery Alliances and Technologies, MorphoSys AG, Martinsried, Germany
| | - K Petropoulos
- Discovery Alliances and Technologies, MorphoSys AG, Martinsried, Germany
| | - P Thiel
- Discovery Alliances and Technologies, MorphoSys AG, Martinsried, Germany
| | - D Ponsel
- Discovery Alliances and Technologies, MorphoSys AG, Martinsried, Germany
| | - S Hee Choi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P LeMotte
- Department of Biologics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A London
- Department of Biologics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M Goetcshkes
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - E Nolin
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M D Jones
- Department of Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - K Slocum
- Department of Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M J Kluk
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D M Weinstock
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Christodoulou
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - O Weinberg
- Pathology Children Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Jaehrling
- Discovery Alliances and Technologies, MorphoSys AG, Martinsried, Germany
| | - S A Ettenberg
- Department of Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Buckler
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S C Blacklow
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J C Aster
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C J Fryer
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
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67
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Gekas C, D'Altri T, Aligué R, González J, Espinosa L, Bigas A. β-Catenin is required for T-cell leukemia initiation and MYC transcription downstream of Notch1. Leukemia 2016; 30:2002-2010. [PMID: 27125305 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Notch activation is instrumental in the development of most T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cases, yet Notch mutations alone are not sufficient to recapitulate the full human disease in animal models. We here found that Notch1 activation at the fetal liver (FL) stage expanded the hematopoietic progenitor population and conferred it transplantable leukemic-initiating capacity. However, leukemogenesis and leukemic-initiating cell capacity induced by Notch1 was critically dependent on the levels of β-Catenin in both FL and adult bone marrow contexts. In addition, inhibition of β-Catenin compromised survival and proliferation of human T-ALL cell lines carrying activated Notch1. By transcriptome analyses, we identified the MYC pathway as a crucial element downstream of β-Catenin in these T-ALL cells and demonstrate that the MYC 3' enhancer required β-Catenin and Notch1 recruitment to induce transcription. Finally, PKF115-584 treatment prevented and partially reverted leukemogenesis induced by active Notch1.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gekas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - T D'Altri
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Aligué
- Department of Cell Biology, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J González
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Espinosa
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
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68
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MEK and PI3K-AKT inhibitors synergistically block activated IL7 receptor signaling in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2016; 30:1832-43. [PMID: 27174491 PMCID: PMC5240021 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We identified mutations in the IL7Ra gene or in genes encoding the downstream signaling molecules JAK1, JAK3, STAT5B, N-RAS, K-RAS, NF1, AKT and PTEN in 49% of patients with pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Strikingly, these mutations (except RAS/NF1) were mutually exclusive, suggesting that they each cause the aberrant activation of a common downstream target. Expressing these mutant signaling molecules—but not their wild-type counterparts—rendered Ba/F3 cells independent of IL3 by activating the RAS-MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT pathways. Interestingly, cells expressing either IL7Ra or JAK mutants are sensitive to JAK inhibitors, but respond less robustly to inhibitors of the downstream RAS-MEK-ERK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways, indicating that inhibiting only one downstream pathway is not sufficient. Here, we show that inhibiting both the MEK and PI3K-AKT pathways synergistically prevents the proliferation of BaF3 cells expressing mutant IL7Ra, JAK and RAS. Furthermore, combined inhibition of MEK and PI3K/AKT was cytotoxic to samples obtained from 6 out of 11 primary T-ALL patients, including 1 patient who had no mutations in the IL7R signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that the potent cytotoxic effects of inhibiting both MEK and PI3K/AKT should be investigated further as a therapeutic option using leukemia xenograft models.
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69
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Kishton RJ, Barnes CE, Nichols AG, Cohen S, Gerriets VA, Siska PJ, Macintyre AN, Goraksha-Hicks P, de Cubas AA, Liu T, Warmoes MO, Abel ED, Yeoh AEJ, Gershon TR, Rathmell WK, Richards KL, Locasale JW, Rathmell JC. AMPK Is Essential to Balance Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Metabolism to Control T-ALL Cell Stress and Survival. Cell Metab 2016; 23:649-62. [PMID: 27076078 PMCID: PMC4832577 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy associated with Notch pathway mutations. While both normal activated and leukemic T cells can utilize aerobic glycolysis to support proliferation, it is unclear to what extent these cell populations are metabolically similar and if differences reveal T-ALL vulnerabilities. Here we show that aerobic glycolysis is surprisingly less active in T-ALL cells than proliferating normal T cells and that T-ALL cells are metabolically distinct. Oncogenic Notch promoted glycolysis but also induced metabolic stress that activated 5' AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). Unlike stimulated T cells, AMPK actively restrained aerobic glycolysis in T-ALL cells through inhibition of mTORC1 while promoting oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial Complex I activity. Importantly, AMPK deficiency or inhibition of Complex I led to T-ALL cell death and reduced disease burden. Thus, AMPK simultaneously inhibits anabolic growth signaling and is essential to promote mitochondrial pathways that mitigate metabolic stress and apoptosis in T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigel J Kishton
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carson E Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Amanda G Nichols
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sivan Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Valerie A Gerriets
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Peter J Siska
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew N Macintyre
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Aguirre A de Cubas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Tingyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Marc O Warmoes
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Allen Eng Juh Yeoh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; Department of Pediatrics, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Timothy R Gershon
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kristy L Richards
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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70
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Yahyanejad S, Theys J, Vooijs M. Targeting Notch to overcome radiation resistance. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7610-28. [PMID: 26713603 PMCID: PMC4884942 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy represents an important therapeutic strategy in the treatment of cancer cells. However, it often fails to eliminate all tumor cells because of the intrinsic or acquired treatment resistance, which is the most common cause of tumor recurrence. Emerging evidences suggest that the Notch signaling pathway is an important pathway mediating radiation resistance in tumor cells. Successful targeting of Notch signaling requires a thorough understanding of Notch regulation and the context-dependent interactions between Notch and other therapeutically relevant pathways. Understanding these interactions will increase our ability to design rational combination regimens that are more likely to be safe and effective. Here we summarize the role of Notch in mediating resistance to radiotherapy, the different strategies to block Notch in cancer cells and how treatment scheduling can improve tumor response. Finally, we discuss a need for reliable Notch related biomarkers in specific tumors to measure pathway activity and to allow identification of a subset of patients who are likely to benefit from Notch targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Yahyanejad
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW, School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Theys
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW, School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Vooijs
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO)/GROW, School for Developmental Biology and Oncology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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71
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DNMT3A(R882H) mutant and Tet2 inactivation cooperate in the deregulation of DNA methylation control to induce lymphoid malignancies in mice. Leukemia 2016; 30:1388-98. [PMID: 26876596 PMCID: PMC4869893 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
TEN-ELEVEN-TRANSLOCATION-2 (TET2) and DNA-METHYLTRANSFERASE-3A (DNMT3A), both encoding proteins involved in regulating DNA methylation, are mutated in hematological malignancies affecting both myeloid and lymphoid lineages. We previously reported an association of TET2 and DNMT3A mutations in progenitors of patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas (AITL). Here, we report on the cooperative effect of Tet2-inactivation and DNMT3A mutation affecting arginine 882 (DNMT3AR882H) using a murine bone marrow transplantation assay. Five out of 18 primary recipients developed hematological malignancies with one mouse developing an AITL-like disease, 2 mice presenting acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-like and 2 others T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)-like diseases within 6 months following transplantation. Serial transplantations of DNMT3AR882H Tet2−/− progenitors led to a differentiation bias toward the T-cell compartment, eventually leading to AITL-like disease in 9/12 serially transplanted recipients. Expression profiling suggested that DNMT3AR882H Tet2−/− T-ALLs resemble those of NOTCH1 mutant. Methylation analysis of DNMT3AR882H Tet2−/− T-ALLs showed a global increase in DNA methylation affecting tumor suppressor genes and local hypomethylation affecting genes involved in the Notch pathway. Our data confirm the transformation potential of DNMT3AR882H Tet2−/− progenitors and represent the first cooperative model in mice involving Tet2-inactivation driving lymphoid malignancies.
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Idh1 mutations contribute to the development of T-cell malignancies in genetically engineered mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1387-92. [PMID: 26787889 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525354113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) are key drivers of hematopoietic malignancies. Although these mutations are most commonly associated with myeloid diseases, they also occur in malignancies of the T-cell lineage. To investigate their role in these diseases and provide tractable disease models for further investigation, we analyzed the T-cell compartment in a conditional knock-in (KI) mouse model of mutant Idh1. We observed the development of a spontaneous T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) in these animals. The disease was transplantable and maintained expression of mutant IDH1. Whole-exome sequencing revealed the presence of a spontaneous activating mutation in Notch1, one of the most common mutations in human T-ALL, suggesting Idh1 mutations may have the capacity to cooperate with Notch1 to drive T-ALL. To further investigate the Idh1 mutation as an oncogenic driver in the T-cell lineage, we crossed Idh1-KI mice with conditional Trp53 null mice, a well-characterized model of T-cell malignancy, and found that T-cell lymphomagenesis was accelerated in mice bearing both mutations. Because both IDH1 and p53 are known to affect cellular metabolism, we compared the requirements for glucose and glutamine in cells derived from these tumors and found that cells bearing the Idh1 mutation have an increased dependence on both glucose and glutamine. These data suggest that mutant IDH1 contributes to malignancy in the T-cell lineage and may alter the metabolic profile of malignant T cells.
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73
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Knudsen KJ, Rehn M, Hasemann MS, Rapin N, Bagger FO, Ohlsson E, Willer A, Frank AK, Søndergaard E, Jendholm J, Thorén L, Lee J, Rak J, Theilgaard-Mönch K, Porse BT. ERG promotes the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells by restricting their differentiation. Genes Dev 2015; 29:1915-29. [PMID: 26385962 PMCID: PMC4579349 DOI: 10.1101/gad.268409.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The balance between self-renewal and differentiation is crucial for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Whereas numerous gene regulatory factors have been shown to control HSC self-renewal or drive their differentiation, we have relatively few insights into transcription factors that serve to restrict HSC differentiation. In the present work, we identify ETS (E-twenty-six)-related gene (ERG) as a critical factor protecting HSCs from differentiation. Specifically, loss of Erg accelerates HSC differentiation by >20-fold, thus leading to rapid depletion of immunophenotypic and functional HSCs. Molecularly, we could demonstrate that ERG, in addition to promoting the expression of HSC self-renewal genes, also represses a group of MYC targets, thereby explaining why Erg loss closely mimics Myc overexpression. Consistently, the BET domain inhibitor CPI-203, known to repress Myc expression, confers a partial phenotypic rescue. In summary, ERG plays a critical role in coordinating the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Jermiin Knudsen
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Matilda Rehn
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Marie Sigurd Hasemann
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Rapin
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; The Bioinformatic Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Frederik Otzen Bagger
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; The Bioinformatic Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ewa Ohlsson
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anton Willer
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anne-Katrine Frank
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Søndergaard
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Johan Jendholm
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lina Thorén
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Julie Lee
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Justyna Rak
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kim Theilgaard-Mönch
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Hematology, Skånes University Hospital, University of Lund, SE-22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Torben Porse
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Danish Stem Cell Centre (DanStem) Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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74
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Tosello V, Bordin F, Yu J, Agnusdei V, Indraccolo S, Basso G, Amadori A, Piovan E. Calcineurin and GSK-3 inhibition sensitizes T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells to apoptosis through X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein degradation. Leukemia 2015; 30:812-22. [PMID: 26648536 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The calcineurin (Cn)-nuclear factor of activated T cells signaling pathway is critically involved in many aspects of normal T-cell physiology; however, its direct implication in leukemogenesis is still ill-defined. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) has recently been reported to interact with Cn in neuronal cells and is implicated in MLL leukemia. Our biochemical studies clearly demonstrated that Cn was able to interact with GSK-3β in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells, and that this interaction was direct, leading to an increased catalytic activity of GSK-3β, possibly through autophosphorylation of Y216. Sensitivity to GSK-3 inhibitor treatment correlated with altered GSK-3β phosphorylation and was more prominent in T-ALL with Pre/Pro immunophenotype. In addition, dual Cn and GSK-3 inhibitor treatment in T-ALL cells promoted sensitization to apoptosis through proteasomal degradation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). Consistently, resistance to drug treatments in primary samples was strongly associated with higher XIAP protein levels. Finally, we showed that dual Cn and GSK-3 inhibitor treatment in vitro and in vivo is effective against available models of T-ALL, indicating an insofar untapped therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tosello
- UOC Immunologia e Diagnostica Molecolare Oncologica, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - F Bordin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Universita' di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - J Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - V Agnusdei
- UOC Immunologia e Diagnostica Molecolare Oncologica, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - S Indraccolo
- UOC Immunologia e Diagnostica Molecolare Oncologica, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - G Basso
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Amadori
- UOC Immunologia e Diagnostica Molecolare Oncologica, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Universita' di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E Piovan
- UOC Immunologia e Diagnostica Molecolare Oncologica, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Gastroenterologiche, Universita' di Padova, Padova, Italy
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75
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Pinnell N, Yan R, Cho HJ, Keeley T, Murai MJ, Liu Y, Alarcon AS, Qin J, Wang Q, Kuick R, Elenitoba-Johnson KSJ, Maillard I, Samuelson LC, Cierpicki T, Chiang MY. The PIAS-like Coactivator Zmiz1 Is a Direct and Selective Cofactor of Notch1 in T Cell Development and Leukemia. Immunity 2015; 43:870-83. [PMID: 26522984 PMCID: PMC4654973 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Pan-NOTCH inhibitors are poorly tolerated in clinical trials because NOTCH signals are crucial for intestinal homeostasis. These inhibitors might also promote cancer because NOTCH can act as a tumor suppressor. We previously reported that the PIAS-like coactivator ZMIZ1 is frequently co-expressed with activated NOTCH1 in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Here, we show that similar to Notch1, Zmiz1 was important for T cell development and controlled the expression of certain Notch target genes, such as Myc. However, unlike Notch, Zmiz1 had no major role in intestinal homeostasis or myeloid suppression. Deletion of Zmiz1 impaired the initiation and maintenance of Notch-induced T-ALL. Zmiz1 directly interacted with Notch1 via a tetratricopeptide repeat domain at a special class of Notch-regulatory sites. In contrast to the Notch cofactor Maml, which is nonselective, Zmiz1 was selective. Thus, targeting the NOTCH1-ZMIZ1 interaction might combat leukemic growth while avoiding the intolerable toxicities of NOTCH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Pinnell
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ran Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hyo Je Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Theresa Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marcelo J Murai
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yiran Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Amparo Serna Alarcon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason Qin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rork Kuick
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Ivan Maillard
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Linda C Samuelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mark Y Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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76
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Herranz D, Ambesi-Impiombato A, Sudderth J, Sánchez-Martín M, Belver L, Tosello V, Xu L, Wendorff AA, Castillo M, Haydu JE, Márquez J, Matés JM, Kung AL, Rayport S, Cordon-Cardo C, DeBerardinis RJ, Ferrando AA. Metabolic reprogramming induces resistance to anti-NOTCH1 therapies in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Med 2015; 21:1182-9. [PMID: 26390244 PMCID: PMC4598309 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations in NOTCH1 are common in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (TALL). Here we identify glutaminolysis as a critical pathway for leukemia cell growth downstream of NOTCH1 and a key determinant of clinical response to anti-NOTCH1 therapies. Mechanistically, inhibition of NOTCH1 signaling in T-ALL induces a metabolic shutdown with prominent inhibition of glutaminolysis and triggers autophagy as a salvage pathway supporting leukemia cell metabolism. Consequently, both inhibition of glutaminolysis and inhibition of autophagy strongly and synergistically enhance the antileukemic effects of anti-NOTCH1 therapies. Moreover, we demonstrate that Pten loss induces increased glycolysis and consequently rescues leukemic cell metabolism abrogating the antileukemic effects of NOTCH1 inhibition. Overall, these results identify glutaminolysis as a major node in cancer metabolism controlled by NOTCH1 and as therapeutic target for the treatment of T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Herranz
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jessica Sudderth
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Laura Belver
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Valeria Tosello
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Luyao Xu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Mireia Castillo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - J Erika Haydu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Javier Márquez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Málaga-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José M Matés
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de Teatinos, University of Málaga-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Andrew L Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen Rayport
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Adolfo A Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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77
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent genome sequencing studies have identified a broad spectrum of gene mutations in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). The purpose of this review is to outline the latest advances in our understanding of how these mutations contribute to the formation of T-ALL. RECENT FINDINGS Aberrant expression of transcription factors that control hematopoiesis can induce an aberrant stem cell-like program in T-cell progenitors, allowing the emergence of an ancestral or preleukemic stem cell (pre-LSC). In contrast, gain-of-function mutations of genes involved in signaling pathways regulating T-cell development, such as NOTCH1, interleukin-7, KIT and FLT3, are insufficient per se to initiate T-ALL but promote pre-LSC growth independent of the thymic niche. Loss-of-function mutations of epigenetic regulators, such as DNMT3A, have been identified in T-ALL, but their role in leukemogenesis remains to be defined. SUMMARY Relapse is associated with clonal evolution from a population of pre-LSCs that acquire the whole set of malignant mutations leading to a full-blown T-ALL. Understanding the genetic events that underpin the pre-LSC will be crucial for reducing the risk of relapse.
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78
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Lubeck BA, Lapinski PE, Oliver JA, Ksionda O, Parada LF, Zhu Y, Maillard I, Chiang M, Roose J, King PD. Cutting Edge: Codeletion of the Ras GTPase-Activating Proteins (RasGAPs) Neurofibromin 1 and p120 RasGAP in T Cells Results in the Development of T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:31-5. [PMID: 26002977 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ras GTPase-activating proteins (RasGAPs) inhibit signal transduction initiated through the Ras small GTP-binding protein. However, which members of the RasGAP family act as negative regulators of T cell responses is not completely understood. In this study, we investigated potential roles for the RasGAPs RASA1 and neurofibromin 1 (NF1) in T cells through the generation and analysis of T cell-specific RASA1 and NF1 double-deficient mice. In contrast to mice lacking either RasGAP alone in T cells, double-deficient mice developed T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, which originated at an early point in T cell development and was dependent on activating mutations in the Notch1 gene. These findings highlight RASA1 and NF1 as cotumor suppressors in the T cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Lubeck
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Philip E Lapinski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jennifer A Oliver
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Olga Ksionda
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Luis F Parada
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Mark Chiang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jeroen Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Philip D King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
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79
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Schnell SA, Ambesi-Impiombato A, Sanchez-Martin M, Belver L, Xu L, Qin Y, Kageyama R, Ferrando AA. Therapeutic targeting of HES1 transcriptional programs in T-ALL. Blood 2015; 125:2806-14. [PMID: 25784680 PMCID: PMC4424629 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-10-608448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic activation of NOTCH1 signaling plays a central role in the pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, with mutations on this signaling pathway affecting more than 60% of patients at diagnosis. However, the transcriptional regulatory circuitries driving T-cell transformation downstream of NOTCH1 remain incompletely understood. Here we identify Hairy and Enhancer of Split 1 (HES1), a transcriptional repressor controlled by NOTCH1, as a critical mediator of NOTCH1-induced leukemogenesis strictly required for tumor cell survival. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that HES1 directly downregulates the expression of BBC3, the gene encoding the PUMA BH3-only proapoptotic factor in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Finally, we identify perhexiline, a small-molecule inhibitor of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, as a HES1-signature antagonist drug with robust antileukemic activity against NOTCH1-induced leukemias in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laura Belver
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Luyao Xu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Yue Qin
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Adolfo A Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Pathology and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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80
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Yu P, Petrus MN, Ju W, Zhang M, Conlon KC, Nakagawa M, Maeda M, Bamford RN, Waldmann TA. Augmented efficacy with the combination of blockade of the Notch-1 pathway, bortezomib and romidepsin in a murine MT-1 adult T-cell leukemia model. Leukemia 2015; 29:556-66. [PMID: 25118879 PMCID: PMC4329116 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive malignancy caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1. There is no accepted curative therapy for ATL. We have reported that certain ATL patients have increased Notch-1 signaling along with constitutive activation of the nuclear factor-κB pathway. Physical and functional interaction between these two pathways provides the rationale to combine the γ-secretase inhibitor compound E with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Moreover, romidepsin, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has demonstrated major antitumor action in leukemia/lymphoma. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the single agents and the combination of these agents in a murine model of human ATL, the MT-1 model. Single and double agents inhibited tumor growth as monitored by tumor size (P<0.05), and prolonged survival of leukemia-bearing mice (P<0.05) compared with the control group. The combination of three agents significantly enhanced the antitumor efficacy as assessed by tumor size, tumor markers in the serum (human soluble interleukin-2 receptor-α and β2-microglobulin) and survival of the MT-1 tumor-bearing mice, compared with all other treatment groups (P<0.05). Improved therapeutic efficacy obtained by combining compound E, bortezomib and romidepsin supports a clinical trial of this combination in the treatment of ATL.
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MESH Headings
- Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/genetics
- Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Benzodiazepinones/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Boronic Acids/pharmacology
- Bortezomib
- Depsipeptides/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/blood
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Pyrazines/pharmacology
- Receptor, Notch1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- beta 2-Microglobulin/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Michael N. Petrus
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Wei Ju
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Meili Zhang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- Laboratory Animal Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, 21702
| | - Kevin C. Conlon
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Masao Nakagawa
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Michiyuki Maeda
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | | | - Thomas A. Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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81
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Doi K, Imai T, Kressler C, Yagita H, Agata Y, Vooijs M, Hamazaki Y, Inoue J, Minato N. Crucial role of the Rap G protein signal in Notch activation and leukemogenicity of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7978. [PMID: 25613394 PMCID: PMC4303867 DOI: 10.1038/srep07978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rap G protein signal regulates Notch activation in early thymic progenitor cells, and deregulated Rap activation (Rap(high)) results in the development of Notch-dependent T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). We demonstrate that the Rap signal is required for the proliferation and leukemogenesis of established Notch-dependent T-ALL cell lines. Attenuation of the Rap signal by the expression of a dominant-negative Rap1A17 or Rap1GAP, Sipa1, in a T-ALL cell line resulted in the reduced Notch processing at site 2 due to impaired maturation of Adam10. Inhibition of the Rap1 prenylation with a geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor abrogated its membrane-anchoring to Golgi-network and caused reduced proprotein convertase activity required for Adam10 maturation. Exogenous expression of a mature form of Adam10 overcame the Sipa1-induced inhibition of T-ALL cell proliferation. T-ALL cell lines expressed Notch ligands in a Notch-signal dependent manner, which contributed to the cell-autonomous Notch activation. Although the initial thymic blast cells barely expressed Notch ligands during the T-ALL development from Rap(high) hematopoietic progenitors in vivo, the ligands were clearly expressed in the T-ALL cells invading extrathymic vital organs. These results reveal a crucial role of the Rap signal in the Notch-dependent T-ALL development and the progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Doi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiko Imai
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Christopher Kressler
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Agata
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Marc Vooijs
- Maastricht Radiation Oncology and School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yoko Hamazaki
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joe Inoue
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nagahiro Minato
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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82
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SCL, LMO1 and Notch1 reprogram thymocytes into self-renewing cells. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004768. [PMID: 25522233 PMCID: PMC4270438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular determinants that render specific populations of normal cells susceptible to oncogenic reprogramming into self-renewing cancer stem cells are poorly understood. Here, we exploit T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) as a model to define the critical initiating events in this disease. First, thymocytes that are reprogrammed by the SCL and LMO1 oncogenic transcription factors into self-renewing pre-leukemic stem cells (pre-LSCs) remain non-malignant, as evidenced by their capacities to generate functional T cells. Second, we provide strong genetic evidence that SCL directly interacts with LMO1 to activate the transcription of a self-renewal program coordinated by LYL1. Moreover, LYL1 can substitute for SCL to reprogram thymocytes in concert with LMO1. In contrast, inhibition of E2A was not sufficient to substitute for SCL, indicating that thymocyte reprogramming requires transcription activation by SCL-LMO1. Third, only a specific subset of normal thymic cells, known as DN3 thymocytes, is susceptible to reprogramming. This is because physiological NOTCH1 signals are highest in DN3 cells compared to other thymocyte subsets. Consistent with this, overexpression of a ligand-independent hyperactive NOTCH1 allele in all immature thymocytes is sufficient to sensitize them to SCL-LMO1, thereby increasing the pool of self-renewing cells. Surprisingly, hyperactive NOTCH1 cannot reprogram thymocytes on its own, despite the fact that NOTCH1 is activated by gain of function mutations in more than 55% of T-ALL cases. Rather, elevating NOTCH1 triggers a parallel pathway involving Hes1 and Myc that dramatically enhances the activity of SCL-LMO1 We conclude that the acquisition of self-renewal and the genesis of pre-LSCs from thymocytes with a finite lifespan represent a critical first event in T-ALL. Finally, LYL1 and LMO1 or LMO2 are co-expressed in most human T-ALL samples, except the cortical T subtype. We therefore anticipate that the self-renewal network described here may be relevant to a majority of human T-ALL. Deciphering the initiating events in lymphoid leukemia is important for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this manuscript, we define oncogenic reprogramming as the process through which non-self-renewing progenitors are converted into pre-leukemic stem cells with sustained self-renewal capacities. We provide strong genetic evidence that this step is rate-limiting in leukemogenesis and requires the activation of a self-renewal program by oncogenic transcription factors, as exemplified by SCL and LMO1. Furthermore, NOTCH1 is a pathway that drives cell fate in the thymus. We demonstrate that homeostatic NOTCH1 levels that are highest in specific thymocyte subsets determine their susceptibilities to oncogenic reprogramming by SCL and LMO1. Our data provide novel insight into the acquisition of self-renewal as a critical first step in lymphoid cell transformation, requiring the synergistic interaction of oncogenic transcription factors with a cellular context controlled by high physiological NOTCH1.
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83
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Long-range enhancer activity determines Myc sensitivity to Notch inhibitors in T cell leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4946-53. [PMID: 25369933 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1407079111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch is needed for T-cell development and is a common oncogenic driver in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The protooncogene c-Myc (Myc) is a critical target of Notch in normal and malignant pre-T cells, but how Notch regulates Myc is unknown. Here, we identify a distal enhancer located >1 Mb 3' of human and murine Myc that binds Notch transcription complexes and physically interacts with the Myc proximal promoter. The Notch1 binding element in this region activates reporter genes in a Notch-dependent, cell-context-specific fashion that requires a conserved Notch complex binding site. Acute changes in Notch activation produce rapid changes in H3K27 acetylation across the entire enhancer (a region spanning >600 kb) that correlate with Myc expression. This broad Notch-influenced region comprises an enhancer region containing multiple domains, recognizable as discrete H3K27 acetylation peaks. Leukemia cells selected for resistance to Notch inhibitors express Myc despite epigenetic silencing of enhancer domains near the Notch transcription complex binding sites. Notch-independent expression of Myc in resistant cells is highly sensitive to inhibitors of bromodomain containing 4 (Brd4), a change in drug sensitivity that is accompanied by preferential association of the Myc promoter with more 3' enhancer domains that are strongly dependent on Brd4 for function. These findings indicate that altered long-range enhancer activity can mediate resistance to targeted therapies and provide a mechanistic rationale for combined targeting of Notch and Brd4 in leukemia.
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84
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Li N, Fassl A, Chick J, Inuzuka H, Li X, Mansour MR, Liu L, Wang H, King B, Shaik S, Gutierrez A, Ordureau A, Otto T, Kreslavsky T, Baitsch L, Bury L, Meyer CA, Ke N, Mulry KA, Kluk MJ, Roy M, Kim S, Zhang X, Geng Y, Zagozdzon A, Jenkinson S, Gale RE, Linch DC, Zhao JJ, Mullighan CG, Harper JW, Aster JC, Aifantis I, von Boehmer H, Gygi SP, Wei W, Look AT, Sicinski P. Cyclin C is a haploinsufficient tumour suppressor. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:1080-91. [PMID: 25344755 PMCID: PMC4235773 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin C was cloned as a growth-promoting G1 cyclin, and was also shown to regulate gene transcription. Here we report that in vivo cyclin C acts as a haploinsufficient tumour suppressor, by controlling Notch1 oncogene levels. Cyclin C activates an 'orphan' CDK19 kinase, as well as CDK8 and CDK3. These cyclin-C-CDK complexes phosphorylate the Notch1 intracellular domain (ICN1) and promote ICN1 degradation. Genetic ablation of cyclin C blocks ICN1 phosphorylation in vivo, thereby elevating ICN1 levels in cyclin-C-knockout mice. Cyclin C ablation or heterozygosity collaborates with other oncogenic lesions and accelerates development of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL). Furthermore, the cyclin C encoding gene CCNC is heterozygously deleted in a significant fraction of human T-ALLs, and these tumours express reduced cyclin C levels. We also describe point mutations in human T-ALL that render cyclin-C-CDK unable to phosphorylate ICN1. Hence, tumour cells may develop different strategies to evade inhibition by cyclin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Anne Fassl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Joel Chick
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Inuzuka
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Marc R. Mansour
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Haizhen Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Bryan King
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shavali Shaik
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Alejandro Gutierrez
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Alban Ordureau
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Tobias Otto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Taras Kreslavsky
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Lukas Baitsch
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Leah Bury
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Clifford A. Meyer
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nan Ke
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Kristin A. Mulry
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Michael J. Kluk
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Moni Roy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sunkyu Kim
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Xiaowu Zhang
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers MA 01923, USA
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Agnieszka Zagozdzon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Sarah Jenkinson
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rosemary E. Gale
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David C. Linch
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jean J. Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Charles G. Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - J. Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jon C. Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Harald von Boehmer
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - A. Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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85
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle P Pouliot
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alejandro Gutierrez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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86
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Herranz D, Ambesi-Impiombato A, Palomero T, Schnell SA, Belver L, Wendorff AA, Xu L, Castillo-Martin M, Llobet-Navás D, Cardo CC, Clappier E, Soulier J, Ferrando AA. A NOTCH1-driven MYC enhancer promotes T cell development, transformation and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Med 2014; 20:1130-7. [PMID: 25194570 PMCID: PMC4192073 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to identify and annotate cancer driver genetic lesions have been focused primarily on the analysis of protein-coding genes; however, most genetic abnormalities found in human cancer are located in intergenic regions. Here we identify a new long range-acting MYC enhancer controlled by NOTCH1 that is targeted by recurrent chromosomal duplications in human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). This highly conserved regulatory element, hereby named N-Me for NOTCH MYC enhancer, is located within a broad super-enhancer region +1.47 Mb from the MYC transcription initiating site, interacts with the MYC proximal promoter and induces orientation-independent MYC expression in reporter assays. Moreover, analysis of N-Me knockout mice demonstrates a selective and essential role of this regulatory element during thymocyte development and in NOTCH1-induced T-ALL. Together these results identify N-Me as a long-range oncogenic enhancer implicated directly in the pathogenesis of human leukemia and highlight the importance of the NOTCH1-MYC regulatory axis in T cell transformation and as a therapeutic target in T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Herranz
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Teresa Palomero
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Laura Belver
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Luyao Xu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - David Llobet-Navás
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Clappier
- INSERM, UMR 944, Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75475 Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475 Paris, France
| | - Jean Soulier
- INSERM, UMR 944, Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75475 Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475 Paris, France
| | - Adolfo A. Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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87
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Lee D, Sykes SM, Kalaitzidis D, Lane AA, Kfoury Y, Raaijmakers MHGP, Wang YH, Armstrong SA, Scadden DT. Transmembrane Inhibitor of RICTOR/mTORC2 in Hematopoietic Progenitors. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:832-40. [PMID: 25418727 PMCID: PMC4235746 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Central to cellular proliferative, survival, and metabolic responses is the serine/threonine kinase mTOR, which is activated in many human cancers. mTOR is present in distinct complexes that are either modulated by AKT (mTORC1) or are upstream and regulatory of it (mTORC2). Governance of mTORC2 activity is poorly understood. Here, we report a transmembrane molecule in hematopoietic progenitor cells that physically interacts with and inhibits RICTOR, an essential component of mTORC2. Upstream of mTORC2 (UT2) negatively regulates mTORC2 enzymatic activity, reducing AKTS473, PKCα, and NDRG1 phosphorylation and increasing FOXO transcriptional activity in an mTORC2-dependent manner. Modulating UT2 levels altered animal survival in a T cell acute lymphoid leukemia (T-ALL) model that is known to be mTORC2 sensitive. These studies identify an inhibitory component upstream of mTORC2 in hematopoietic cells that can reduce mortality from NOTCH-induced T-ALL. A transmembrane inhibitor of mTORC2 may provide an attractive target to affect this critical cell regulatory pathway. UT2 is a transmembrane inhibitor of mTORC2 in hematopoietic progenitors UT2 directly binds RICTOR, limiting the kinase activity of mTORC2 on pAKTS473 UT2 modulates the outcome of an mTORC2-dependent hematopoietic cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjun Lee
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Stephen M Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Demetrios Kalaitzidis
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Andrew A Lane
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Youmna Kfoury
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Marc H G P Raaijmakers
- Department of Hematology and Erasmus Stem Cell Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ying-Hua Wang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David T Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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88
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Kushwah R, Guezguez B, Lee JB, Hopkins CI, Bhatia M. Pleiotropic roles of Notch signaling in normal, malignant, and developmental hematopoiesis in the human. EMBO Rep 2014; 15:1128-38. [PMID: 25252682 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201438842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved across species and plays an important role in regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival. It has been implicated in several different hematopoietic processes including early hematopoietic development as well as adult hematological malignancies in humans. This review focuses on recent developments in understanding the role of Notch signaling in the human hematopoietic system with an emphasis on hematopoietic initiation from human pluripotent stem cells and regulation within the bone marrow. Based on recent insights, we summarize potential strategies for treatment of human hematological malignancies toward the concept of targeting Notch signaling for fate regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kushwah
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Borhane Guezguez
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Claudia I Hopkins
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute (SCC-RI), Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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89
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Schwarzer A, Holtmann H, Brugman M, Meyer J, Schauerte C, Zuber J, Steinemann D, Schlegelberger B, Li Z, Baum C. Hyperactivation of mTORC1 and mTORC2 by multiple oncogenic events causes addiction to eIF4E-dependent mRNA translation in T-cell leukemia. Oncogene 2014; 34:3593-604. [PMID: 25241901 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is characteristic for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). The activity of the master regulator of this pathway, PTEN, is often impaired in T-ALL. However, experimental evidence suggests that input from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is required for sustained mTOR activation, even in the absence of PTEN. We previously reported the expression of Neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinases (TRKs) and their respective ligands in primary human leukemia samples. In the present study we aimed to dissect the downstream signaling cascades of TRK-induced T-ALL in a murine model and show that T-ALLs induced by deregulated receptor tyrosine kinase signaling acquire activating mutations in Notch1 and lose PTEN during clonal evolution. Some clones additionally lost one allele of the homeodomain transcription factor Cux1. All events independently led to a gradual hyperactivation of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling. We dissected the role of the individual mTOR complexes by shRNA knockdown and found that the separate depletion of mTORC1 or mTORC2 reduced the growth of T-ALL blasts, but was not sufficient to induce apoptosis. In contrast, knockdown of the mTOR downstream effector eIF4E caused a striking cytotoxic effect, demonstrating a critical addiction to cap-dependent mRNA-translation. Although high mTORC2-AKT activation is commonly associated with drug-resistance, we demonstrate that T-ALL displaying a strong mTORC2-AKT activation were specifically susceptible to 4EGI-1, an inhibitor of the eIF4E-eIF4G interaction. To decipher the mechanism of 4EGI-1, we performed a genome-wide analysis of mRNAs that are translationally regulated by 4EGI-1 in T-ALL. 4EGI-1 effectively reduced the ribosomal occupancy of mRNAs that were strongly upregulated in T-ALL blasts compared with normal thymocytes including transcripts important for translation, mitochondria and cell cycle progression, such as cyclins and ribosomal proteins. These data suggest that disrupting the eIF4E-eIF4G interaction constitutes a promising therapy strategy in mTOR-deregulated T-cell leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schwarzer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Holtmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Brugman
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Meyer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - C Schauerte
- Institute of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Steinemann
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - B Schlegelberger
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Z Li
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - C Baum
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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90
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Martelli AM, Lonetti A, Buontempo F, Ricci F, Tazzari PL, Evangelisti C, Bressanin D, Cappellini A, Orsini E, Chiarini F. Targeting signaling pathways in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia initiating cells. Adv Biol Regul 2014; 56:6-21. [PMID: 24819383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia initiating cells (LICs) represent a reservoir that is believed to drive relapse and resistance to chemotherapy in blood malignant disorders. T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive neoplastic disorder of immature hematopoietic precursors committed to the T-cell lineage. T-ALL comprises about 15% of pediatric and 25% of adult ALL cases and is prone to early relapse. Although the prognosis of T-ALL has improved especially in children due to the use of new intensified treatment protocols, the outcome of relapsed T-ALL cases is still poor. Putative LICs have been identified also in T-ALL. LICs are mostly quiescent and for this reason highly resistant to chemotherapy. Therefore, they evade treatment and give rise to disease relapse. At present great interest surrounds the development of targeted therapies against signaling networks aberrantly activated in LICs and important for their survival and drug-resistance. Both the Notch1 pathway and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) network are involved in T-ALL LIC survival and drug-resistance and could be targeted by small molecules. Thus, Notch1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors are currently being developed for clinical use either as single agents or in combination with conventional chemotherapy for T-ALL patient treatment. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge of the relevance of Notch1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in T-ALL LICs and we examine the rationale for targeting these key signal transduction networks by means of selective pharmacological inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Lonetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Buontempo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Ricci
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Center, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Tazzari
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Center, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Musculoskeletal Cell Biology Laboratory, IOR, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniela Bressanin
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cappellini
- Department of Human, Social and Health Sciences, University of Cassino, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Ester Orsini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiarini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; Musculoskeletal Cell Biology Laboratory, IOR, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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91
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DNA-damage-induced differentiation of leukaemic cells as an anti-cancer barrier. Nature 2014; 514:107-11. [PMID: 25079327 DOI: 10.1038/nature13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Self-renewal is the hallmark feature both of normal stem cells and cancer stem cells. Since the regenerative capacity of normal haematopoietic stem cells is limited by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and DNA double-strand breaks, we speculated that DNA damage might also constrain leukaemic self-renewal and malignant haematopoiesis. Here we show that the histone methyl-transferase MLL4, a suppressor of B-cell lymphoma, is required for stem-cell activity and an aggressive form of acute myeloid leukaemia harbouring the MLL-AF9 oncogene. Deletion of MLL4 enhances myelopoiesis and myeloid differentiation of leukaemic blasts, which protects mice from death related to acute myeloid leukaemia. MLL4 exerts its function by regulating transcriptional programs associated with the antioxidant response. Addition of reactive oxygen species scavengers or ectopic expression of FOXO3 protects MLL4(-/-) MLL-AF9 cells from DNA damage and inhibits myeloid maturation. Similar to MLL4 deficiency, loss of ATM or BRCA1 sensitizes transformed cells to differentiation, suggesting that myeloid differentiation is promoted by loss of genome integrity. Indeed, we show that restriction-enzyme-induced double-strand breaks are sufficient to induce differentiation of MLL-AF9 blasts, which requires cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(Cip1) (Cdkn1a) activity. In summary, we have uncovered an unexpected tumour-promoting role of genome guardians in enforcing the oncogene-induced differentiation blockade in acute myeloid leukaemia.
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92
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Petrovic J, Formosa-Jordan P, Luna-Escalante JC, Abelló G, Ibañes M, Neves J, Giraldez F. Ligand-dependent Notch signaling strength orchestrates lateral induction and lateral inhibition in the developing inner ear. Development 2014; 141:2313-24. [PMID: 24821984 DOI: 10.1242/dev.108100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During inner ear development, Notch exhibits two modes of operation: lateral induction, which is associated with prosensory specification, and lateral inhibition, which is involved in hair cell determination. These mechanisms depend respectively on two different ligands, jagged 1 (Jag1) and delta 1 (Dl1), that rely on a common signaling cascade initiated after Notch activation. In the chicken otocyst, expression of Jag1 and the Notch target Hey1 correlates well with lateral induction, whereas both Jag1 and Dl1 are expressed during lateral inhibition, as are Notch targets Hey1 and Hes5. Here, we show that Jag1 drives lower levels of Notch activity than Dl1, which results in the differential expression of Hey1 and Hes5. In addition, Jag1 interferes with the ability of Dl1 to elicit high levels of Notch activity. Modeling the sensory epithelium when the two ligands are expressed together shows that ligand regulation, differential signaling strength and ligand competition are crucial to allow the two modes of operation and for establishing the alternate pattern of hair cells and supporting cells. Jag1, while driving lateral induction on its own, facilitates patterning by lateral inhibition in the presence of Dl1. This novel behavior emerges from Jag1 acting as a competitive inhibitor of Dl1 for Notch signaling. Both modeling and experiments show that hair cell patterning is very robust. The model suggests that autoactivation of proneural factor Atoh1, upstream of Dl1, is a fundamental component for robustness. The results stress the importance of the levels of Notch signaling and ligand competition for Notch function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Petrovic
- Developmental Biology Unit, CEXS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Formosa-Jordan
- Departament d'Estructura i Constituents de la Matèria, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan C Luna-Escalante
- Departament d'Estructura i Constituents de la Matèria, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gina Abelló
- Developmental Biology Unit, CEXS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ibañes
- Departament d'Estructura i Constituents de la Matèria, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Neves
- Developmental Biology Unit, CEXS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Giraldez
- Developmental Biology Unit, CEXS, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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93
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Jacoby E, Chien CD, Fry TJ. Murine models of acute leukemia: important tools in current pediatric leukemia research. Front Oncol 2014; 4:95. [PMID: 24847444 PMCID: PMC4019869 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia remains the most common diagnosis in pediatric oncology and, despite dramatic progress in upfront therapy, is also the most common cause of cancer-related death in children. Much of the initial improvement in outcomes for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was due to identification of cytotoxic agents that are active against leukemia followed by the recognition that combination of these cytotoxic agents and prolonged therapy are essential for cure. Recent data demonstrating lack of progress in patients for whom standard chemotherapy fails suggests that the ability to improve outcome for these children will not be dramatically impacted through more intensive or newer cytotoxic agents. Thus, much of the recent research focus has been in the area of improving our understanding of the genetics and the biology of leukemia. Although in vitro studies remain critical, given the complexity of a living system and the increasing recognition of the contribution of leukemia extrinsic factors such as the bone marrow microenvironment, in vivo models have provided important insights. The murine systems that are used can be broadly categorized into syngeneic models in which a murine leukemia can be studied in immunologically intact hosts and xenograft models where human leukemias are studied in highly immunocompromised murine hosts. Both of these systems have limitations such that neither can be used exclusively to study all aspects of leukemia biology and therapeutics for humans. This review will describe the various ALL model systems that have been developed as well as discuss the advantages and disadvantages inherent to these systems that make each particularly suitable for specific types of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Jacoby
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Christopher D Chien
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Terry J Fry
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
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94
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Haji Y, Suzuki M, Moriya K, So T, Hozumi K, Mizuma M, Unno M, Ishii N. Activation of Notch1 promotes development of human CD8(+) single positive T cells in humanized mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:346-51. [PMID: 24726647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Notch1 mutations are found in more than 50% of human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells. However, the functions of Notch1 for human T cell development and leukemogenesis are not well understood. To examine the role of Notch1, human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which had been transduced with a constitutively active form of Notch1 (ICN1), were transplanted into severely immunodeficient NOD/Shi-scid-IL2rγ(null) (NOG) mice. We found that the great majority of the ICN1-expressing hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow expressed surface markers for T cells, such as CD3, CD4, and CD8, and that this T cell development was independent of the thymus. Accordingly, phenotypically mature CD8(+) single positive (SP) T cells were observed in the spleen. Furthermore, T-ALL developed in one NOG recipient mouse out of 26 that had been secondary transferred with the T cells developed in the first NOG mice. These results indicate that Notch1 signaling in HSCs promotes CD8(+) SP T cell development, and that T cell leukemogenesis may require additional oncogenic factors other than Notch1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Haji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Makiko Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Moriya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takanori So
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Katsuto Hozumi
- Department of Immunology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Masamichi Mizuma
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Naoto Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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95
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Geimer Le Lay AS, Oravecz A, Mastio J, Jung C, Marchal P, Ebel C, Dembélé D, Jost B, Le Gras S, Thibault C, Borggrefe T, Kastner P, Chan S. The tumor suppressor Ikaros shapes the repertoire of notch target genes in T cells. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra28. [PMID: 24643801 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is activated in many cell types, but its effects are cell type- and stage-specific. In the immune system, Notch activity is required for the differentiation of T cell progenitors, but it is reduced in more mature thymocytes, in which Notch is oncogenic. Studies based on single-gene models have suggested that the tumor suppressor protein Ikaros plays an important role in repressing the transcription of Notch target genes. We used genome-wide analyses, including chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, to identify genes controlled by Notch and Ikaros in gain- and loss-of-function experiments. We found that Ikaros bound to and directly repressed the expression of most genes that are activated by Notch. Specific deletion of Ikaros in thymocytes led to the persistent expression of Notch target genes that are essential for T cell maturation, as well as the rapid development of T cell leukemias in mice. Expression of Notch target genes that are normally silent in T cells, but are activated by Notch in other cell types, occurred in T cells of mice genetically deficient in Ikaros. We propose that Ikaros shapes the timing and repertoire of the Notch transcriptional response in T cells through widespread targeting of elements adjacent to Notch regulatory sequences. These results provide a molecular framework for understanding the regulation of tissue-specific and tumor-related Notch responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Solen Geimer Le Lay
- 1Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
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96
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Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is a regulator of self-renewal and differentiation in several tissues and cell types. Notch is a binary cell-fate determinant, and its hyperactivation has been implicated as oncogenic in several cancers including breast cancer and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Recently, several studies also unraveled tumor-suppressor roles for Notch signaling in different tissues, including tissues where it was before recognized as an oncogene in specific lineages. Whereas involvement of Notch as an oncogene in several lymphoid malignancies (T-ALL, B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia, splenic marginal zone lymphoma) is well characterized, there is growing evidence involving Notch signaling as a tumor suppressor in myeloid malignancies. It therefore appears that Notch signaling pathway's oncogenic or tumor-suppressor abilities are highly context dependent. In this review, we summarize and discuss latest advances in the understanding of this dual role in hematopoiesis and the possible consequences for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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97
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Abstract
In the current issue of Blood, Yokoyama et al demonstrate that an IL7R mutation similar to those found in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can be leukemogenic in vivo when expressed in normal hematopoietic progenitors.
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98
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Targeting components of the alternative NHEJ pathway sensitizes KRAS mutant leukemic cells to chemotherapy. Blood 2014; 123:2355-66. [PMID: 24505083 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-01-477620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating KRAS mutations are detected in a substantial number of hematologic malignancies. In a murine T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) model, we previously showed that expression of oncogenic Kras induced a premalignant state accompanied with an arrest in T-cell differentiation and acquisition of somatic Notch1 mutations. These findings prompted us to investigate whether the expression of oncogenic KRAS directly affects DNA damage repair. Applying divergent, but complementary, genetic approaches, we demonstrate that the expression of KRAS mutants is associated with increased expression of DNA ligase 3α, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), and X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1), all essential components of the error-prone, alternative nonhomologous end-joining (alt-NHEJ) pathway. Functional studies revealed delayed repair kinetics, increased misrepair of DNA double-strand breaks, and the preferential use of microhomologous DNA sequences for end joining. Similar effects were observed in primary murine T-ALL blasts. We further show that KRAS-mutated cells, but not KRAS wild-type cells, rely on the alt-NHEJ repair pathway on genotoxic stress. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of DNA ligase 3α abolished resistance to apoptotic cell death in KRAS-mutated cells. Our data indicate that targeting components of the alt-NHEJ pathway sensitizes KRAS-mutated leukemic cells to standard chemotherapeutics and represents a promising approach for inducing synthetic lethal vulnerability in cells harboring otherwise nondruggable KRAS mutations.
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99
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Gutierrez A, Pan L, Groen RWJ, Baleydier F, Kentsis A, Marineau J, Grebliunaite R, Kozakewich E, Reed C, Pflumio F, Poglio S, Uzan B, Clemons P, VerPlank L, An F, Burbank J, Norton S, Tolliday N, Steen H, Weng AP, Yuan H, Bradner JE, Mitsiades C, Look AT, Aster JC. Phenothiazines induce PP2A-mediated apoptosis in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:644-55. [PMID: 24401270 DOI: 10.1172/jci65093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive cancer that is frequently associated with activating mutations in NOTCH1 and dysregulation of MYC. Here, we performed 2 complementary screens to identify FDA-approved drugs and drug-like small molecules with activity against T-ALL. We developed a zebrafish system to screen small molecules for toxic activity toward MYC-overexpressing thymocytes and used a human T-ALL cell line to screen for small molecules that synergize with Notch inhibitors. We identified the antipsychotic drug perphenazine in both screens due to its ability to induce apoptosis in fish, mouse, and human T-ALL cells. Using ligand-affinity chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, we identified protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as a perphenazine target. T-ALL cell lines treated with perphenazine exhibited rapid dephosphorylation of multiple PP2A substrates and subsequent apoptosis. Moreover, shRNA knockdown of specific PP2A subunits attenuated perphenazine activity, indicating that PP2A mediates the drug's antileukemic activity. Finally, human T-ALLs treated with perphenazine exhibited suppressed cell growth and dephosphorylation of PP2A targets in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the recurring identification of phenothiazines as a class of drugs with anticancer effects. Furthermore, these data suggest that pharmacologic PP2A activation in T-ALL and other cancers driven by hyperphosphorylated PP2A substrates has therapeutic potential.
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100
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Hales EC, Taub JW, Matherly LH. New insights into Notch1 regulation of the PI3K–AKT–mTOR1 signaling axis: Targeted therapy of γ-secretase inhibitor resistant T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cell Signal 2014; 26:149-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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