51
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Bruyneel AA, McKeithan WL, Feyen DA, Mercola M. Will iPSC-cardiomyocytes revolutionize the discovery of drugs for heart disease? Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 42:55-61. [PMID: 30081259 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the largest single cause of mortality in the Western world, despite significant advances in clinical management over the years. Unfortunately, the development of new cardiovascular medicines is stagnating and can in part be attributed to the difficulty of screening for novel therapeutic strategies due to a lack of suitable models. The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells and the ability to make limitless numbers of cardiomyocytes could revolutionize heart disease modeling and drug discovery. This review summarizes the state of the art in the field, describes the strengths and weaknesses of the technology, and applications where the model system would be most appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne An Bruyneel
- The Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wesley L McKeithan
- The Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dries Am Feyen
- The Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- The Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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52
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Tewson P, Martinka S, Shaner N, Berlot C, Quinn AM, Hughes T. Assay for Detecting Gαi-Mediated Decreases in cAMP in Living Cells. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 23:898-906. [PMID: 29991302 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218786238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based assays to detect Gαi signaling are often indirect, frequently involve complex pharmacological interventions, and are usually blind to the kinetics of the signaling. Our goal was to develop a simple, direct measure of Gαi signaling in living cells. We previously reported our fluorescent cADDis assay and showed that it reliably detects Gαs-mediated increases in cAMP levels. Agonists that stimulate a Gs-coupled receptor produce changes in the intensity of bright green or red fluorescent protein sensors that can be followed over time using automated fluorescence plate readers or fluorescence imaging systems. Since the cADDis sensors can monitor Gαs-mediated increases in adenylyl cyclase activity, in theory they should also be capable of detecting Gαi-mediated decreases. Here we apply our green fluorescent cADDis sensor to the detection of Gαi-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity. We validated and optimized the assay in living HEK 293T cells using several known Gαi-coupled receptors and agonists, and we report robust Z' statistics and consistent EC50 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathan Shaner
- 2 Department of Photobiology and Bioimaging, The Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas Hughes
- 1 Montana Molecular, Bozeman, MT, USA.,3 Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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53
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Grimm FA, Blanchette A, House JS, Ferguson K, Hsieh NH, Dalaijamts C, Wright AA, Anson B, Wright FA, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. A human population-based organotypic in vitro model for cardiotoxicity screening. ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION 2018; 35:441-452. [PMID: 29999168 PMCID: PMC6231908 DOI: 10.14573/altex.1805301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Assessing inter-individual variability in responses to xenobiotics remains a substantial challenge, both in drug development with respect to pharmaceuticals and in public health with respect to environmental chemicals. Although approaches exist to characterize pharmacokinetic variability, there are no methods to routinely address pharmacodynamic variability. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of characterizing inter-individual variability in a human in vitro model. Specifically, we hypothesized that genetic variability across a population of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes translates into reproducible variability in both baseline phenotypes and drug responses. We measured baseline and drug-related effects in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes from 27 healthy donors on kinetic Ca2+ flux and high-content live cell imaging. Cells were treated in concentration-response with cardiotoxic drugs: isoproterenol (β-adrenergic receptor agonist/positive inotrope), propranolol (β-adrenergic receptor antagonist/negative inotrope), and cisapride (hERG channel inhibitor/QT prolongation). Cells from four of the 27 donors were further evaluated in terms of baseline and treatment-related gene expression. Reproducibility of phenotypic responses was evaluated across batches and time. iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes exhibited reproducible donor-specific differences in baseline function and drug-induced effects. We demonstrate the feasibility of using a panel of population-based organotypic cells from healthy donors as an animal replacement experimental model. This model can be used to rapidly screen drugs and chemicals for inter-individual variability in cardiotoxicity. This approach demonstrates the feasibility of quantifying inter-individual variability in xenobiotic responses and can be expanded to other cell types for which in vitro populations can be derived from iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A Grimm
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Blanchette
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - John S House
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kyle Ferguson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Nan-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chimeddulam Dalaijamts
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Alec A Wright
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Blake Anson
- Cellular Dynamics International, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fred A Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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54
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Fermini B, Coyne ST, Coyne KP. Clinical Trials in a Dish: A Perspective on the Coming Revolution in Drug Development. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 23:765-776. [PMID: 29862873 PMCID: PMC6104197 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218775028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry is facing unprecedented challenges as the cost of developing
new drugs has reached unsustainable levels, fueled in large parts by a high attrition rate
in clinical development. Strategies to bridge studies between preclinical testing and
clinical trials are needed to reduce the knowledge gap and allow earlier decisions to be
made on the continuation or discontinuation of further development of drugs. The discovery
and development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have opened up new
avenues that support the concept of screening for cell-based safety and toxicity at the
level of a population. This approach, termed “Clinical Trials in a Dish” (CTiD), allows
testing medical therapies for safety or efficacy on cells collected from a representative
sample of human patients, before moving into actual clinical trials. It can be applied to
the development of drugs for specific populations, and it allows predicting not only the
magnitude of effects but also the incidence of patients in a population who will benefit
or be harmed by these drugs. This, in turn, can lead to the selection of safer drugs to
move into clinical development, resulting in a reduction in attrition. The current article
offers a perspective of this new model for “humanized” preclinical drug development.
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55
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Bruyneel AAN, McKeithan WL, Feyen DAM, Mercola M. Using iPSC Models to Probe Regulation of Cardiac Ion Channel Function. Curr Cardiol Rep 2018; 20:57. [DOI: 10.1007/s11886-018-1000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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56
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Conant G, Lai BFL, Lu RXZ, Korolj A, Wang EY, Radisic M. High-Content Assessment of Cardiac Function Using Heart-on-a-Chip Devices as Drug Screening Model. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 13:335-346. [PMID: 28429185 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery and development continues to be a challenge to the pharmaceutical industry despite great advances in cell and molecular biology that allow for the design of better targeted therapeutics. Many potential drug compounds fail during the clinical trial due to inefficacy and toxicity that were not predicted during preclinical stages. The fundamental problem lies with the use of traditional drug screening models that still largely rely on the use of cell lines or animal cell monolayers, which leads to lack of predictive power of human tissue and organ response to the drug candidates. More physiologically relevant systems are therefore critical in relieving the burden of high failure rates. Emerging knowledge and techniques in tissue engineering and microfabrication have enabled the development of micro-engineered systems - collectively known as organs-on-chips - that may lead to a paradigm shift in preclinical drug screening assays. In this review we explore the technological advances and challenges in the development of heart-on-a-chip models, by addressing current assessment methods for drug-induced cardiotoxicity and providing a perspective on the modifications that should be implemented to realize the full potential of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Conant
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin Fook Lun Lai
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rick Xing Ze Lu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anastasia Korolj
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erika Yan Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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57
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Kalra S, Montanaro F, Denning C. Can Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Advance Understanding of Muscular Dystrophies? J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 3:309-332. [PMID: 27854224 PMCID: PMC5123622 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-150133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are clinically and molecularly a highly heterogeneous group of single-gene disorders that primarily affect striated muscles. Cardiac disease is present in several MDs where it is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality. Careful monitoring of cardiac issues is necessary but current management of cardiac involvement does not effectively protect from disease progression and cardiac failure. There is a critical need to gain new knowledge on the diverse molecular underpinnings of cardiac disease in MDs in order to guide cardiac treatment development and assist in reaching a clearer consensus on cardiac disease management in the clinic. Animal models are available for the majority of MDs and have been invaluable tools in probing disease mechanisms and in pre-clinical screens. However, there are recognized genetic, physiological, and structural differences between human and animal hearts that impact disease progression, manifestation, and response to pharmacological interventions. Therefore, there is a need to develop parallel human systems to model cardiac disease in MDs. This review discusses the current status of cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) to model cardiac disease, with a focus on Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and myotonic dystrophy (DM1). We seek to provide a balanced view of opportunities and limitations offered by this system in elucidating disease mechanisms pertinent to human cardiac physiology and as a platform for treatment development or refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spandan Kalra
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Federica Montanaro
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Department of Molecular Neurosciences, University College London - Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Chris Denning
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
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58
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Huo J, Kamalakar A, Yang X, Word B, Stockbridge N, Lyn-Cook B, Pang L. Evaluation of Batch Variations in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Human Cardiomyocytes from 2 Major Suppliers. Toxicol Sci 2018; 156:25-38. [PMID: 28031415 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced proarrhythmia is a major safety issue in drug development. Developing sensitive in vitro assays that can predict drug-induced cardiotoxicity in humans has been a challenge of toxicology research for decades. Recently, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human cardiomyocytes (iPSC-hCMs) have become a promising model because they largely replicate the electrophysiological behavior of human ventricular cardiomyocytes. Patient-specific iPSC-hCMs have been proposed for personalized cardiac drug selection and adverse drug response prediction; however, many procedures are involved in cardiomyocytes differentiation and purification process, which may result in large line-to-line and batch-to-batch variations. Here, we examined the purity, cardiac ion channel gene expression profile, and electrophysiological response of 3 batches of iPSC-hCMs from each of 2 major cell suppliers. We found that iPSC-hCMs from both vendors had similar purities. Most of the cardiac ion channel genes were expressed uniformly among different batches of iCells, while larger variations were found in Cor.4U cells, particularly in the expression of CACNA1C, KCND2, and KCNA5 genes, which could underlie the differences in baseline beating rate (BR) and field potential duration (FPD) measurements. Although, in general, the electrophysiological responses of different batches of cells to Na+, Ca2+, Ikr, and Iks channel blockers were similar, with Ikr blocker-induced proarrhythmia, the sensitivities were depended on baseline BR and FPD values: cells that beat slower had longer FPD and greater sensitivity to drug-induced proarrhythmia. Careful evaluation of the performance of iPSC-hCMs and methods of data analysis is warranted for shaping regulatory standards in qualifying iPSC-hCMs for drug safety testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Huo
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, ShaanXI, 710061, China
| | - Archana Kamalakar
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Xi Yang
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Beverly Word
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Norman Stockbridge
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Beverly Lyn-Cook
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Li Pang
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
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59
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DeVito SC. The Need for, and the Role of the Toxicological Chemist in the Design of Safer Chemicals. Toxicol Sci 2018; 161:225-240. [PMID: 29029316 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past several decades, there has been an ever increasing emphasis for designers of new commercial (nonpharmaceutical) chemicals to include considerations of the potential impacts a planned chemical may have on human health and the environment as part of the design of the chemical, and to design chemicals such that they possess the desired use efficacy while minimizing threats to human health and the environment. Achievement of this goal would be facilitated by the availability of individuals specifically and formally trained to design such chemicals. Medicinal chemists are specifically trained to design and develop safe and clinically efficacious pharmaceutical substances. No such formally trained science hybrid exists for the design of safer commercial (nonpharmaceutical) chemicals. This article describes the need for and role of the "toxicological chemist," an individual who is formally trained in synthetic organic chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, toxicology, environmental science, and in the relationships between structure and commercial use efficacy, structure and toxicity, structure and environmental fate and effects, and global hazard, and trained to integrate this knowledge to design safer commercially efficacious chemicals. Using examples, this article illustrates the role of the toxicological chemist in designing commercially efficacious, safer chemical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C DeVito
- Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (mail code 7410M), United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia
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60
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House JS, Grimm FA, Jima DD, Zhou YH, Rusyn I, Wright FA. A Pipeline for High-Throughput Concentration Response Modeling of Gene Expression for Toxicogenomics. Front Genet 2017; 8:168. [PMID: 29163636 PMCID: PMC5672545 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based assays are an attractive option to measure gene expression response to exposure, but the cost of whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing has been a barrier to the use of gene expression profiling for in vitro toxicity screening. In addition, standard RNA sequencing adds variability due to variable transcript length and amplification. Targeted probe-sequencing technologies such as TempO-Seq, with transcriptomic representation that can vary from hundreds of genes to the entire transcriptome, may reduce some components of variation. Analyses of high-throughput toxicogenomics data require renewed attention to read-calling algorithms and simplified dose–response modeling for datasets with relatively few samples. Using data from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes treated with chemicals at varying concentrations, we describe here and make available a pipeline for handling expression data generated by TempO-Seq to align reads, clean and normalize raw count data, identify differentially expressed genes, and calculate transcriptomic concentration–response points of departure. The methods are extensible to other forms of concentration–response gene-expression data, and we discuss the utility of the methods for assessing variation in susceptibility and the diseased cellular state.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S House
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Fabian A Grimm
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Dereje D Jima
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Yi-Hui Zhou
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Fred A Wright
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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61
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Lee EK, Tran DD, Keung W, Chan P, Wong G, Chan CW, Costa KD, Li RA, Khine M. Machine Learning of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Engineered Cardiac Tissue Contractility for Automated Drug Classification. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1560-1572. [PMID: 29033305 PMCID: PMC5829317 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurately predicting cardioactive effects of new molecular entities for therapeutics remains a daunting challenge. Immense research effort has been focused toward creating new screening platforms that utilize human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes and three-dimensional engineered cardiac tissue constructs to better recapitulate human heart function and drug responses. As these new platforms become increasingly sophisticated and high throughput, the drug screens result in larger multidimensional datasets. Improved automated analysis methods must therefore be developed in parallel to fully comprehend the cellular response across a multidimensional parameter space. Here, we describe the use of machine learning to comprehensively analyze 17 functional parameters derived from force readouts of hPSC-derived ventricular cardiac tissue strips (hvCTS) electrically paced at a range of frequencies and exposed to a library of compounds. A generated metric is effective for then determining the cardioactivity of a given drug. Furthermore, we demonstrate a classification model that can automatically predict the mechanistic action of an unknown cardioactive drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Novoheart LTD, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | | | - Wendy Keung
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong - Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; Ming-Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Patrick Chan
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong - Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; Ming-Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | | | | | - Kevin D Costa
- Novoheart LTD, Shatin, Hong Kong; Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ronald A Li
- Novoheart LTD, Shatin, Hong Kong; Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong - Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong; Ming-Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Michelle Khine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Novoheart LTD, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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62
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McKeithan WL, Savchenko A, Yu MS, Cerignoli F, Bruyneel AAN, Price JH, Colas AR, Miller EW, Cashman JR, Mercola M. An Automated Platform for Assessment of Congenital and Drug-Induced Arrhythmia with hiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2017; 8:766. [PMID: 29075196 PMCID: PMC5641590 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to produce unlimited numbers of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) harboring disease and patient-specific gene variants creates a new paradigm for modeling congenital heart diseases (CHDs) and predicting proarrhythmic liabilities of drug candidates. However, a major roadblock to implementing hiPSC-CM technology in drug discovery is that conventional methods for monitoring action potential (AP) kinetics and arrhythmia phenotypes in vitro have been too costly or technically challenging to execute in high throughput. Herein, we describe the first large-scale, fully automated and statistically robust analysis of AP kinetics and drug-induced proarrhythmia in hiPSC-CMs. The platform combines the optical recording of a small molecule fluorescent voltage sensing probe (VoltageFluor2.1.Cl), an automated high throughput microscope and automated image analysis to rapidly generate physiological measurements of cardiomyocytes (CMs). The technique can be readily adapted on any high content imager to study hiPSC-CM physiology and predict the proarrhythmic effects of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley L McKeithan
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alex Savchenko
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael S Yu
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Arne A N Bruyneel
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Alexandre R Colas
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Evan W Miller
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Helen Wills Neuroscience, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - John R Cashman
- Human BioMolecular Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mark Mercola
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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63
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Watanabe H, Honda Y, Deguchi J, Yamada T, Bando K. Usefulness of cardiotoxicity assessment using calcium transient in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 42:519-527. [PMID: 28717111 DOI: 10.2131/jts.42.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring dramatic changes in intracellular calcium ion levels during cardiac contraction and relaxation, known as calcium transient, in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) would be an attractive strategy for assessing compounds on cardiac contractility. In addition, as arrhythmogenic compounds are known to induce characteristic waveform changes in hiPSC-CMs, it is expected that calcium transient would allow evaluation of not only compound-induced effects on cardiac contractility, but also compound arrhythmogenic potential. Using a combination of calcium transient in hiPSC-CMs and a fast kinetic fluorescence imaging detection system, we examined in this study changes in calcium transient waveforms induced by a series of 17 compounds that include positive/negative inotropic agents as well as cardiac ion channel activators/inhibitors. We found that all positive inotropic compounds induced an increase in peak frequency and/or peak amplitude. The effects of a negative inotropic compound could clearly be detected in the presence of a β-adrenergic receptor agonist. Furthermore, most arrhythmogenic compounds raised the ratio of peak decay time to peak rise time (D/R ratio) in calcium transient waveforms. Compound concentrations at which these parameters exceeded cutoff values correlated well with systemic exposure levels at which arrhythmias were reported to be evoked. In conclusion, we believe that peak analysis of calcium transient and determination of D/R ratio are reliable methods for assessing compounds' cardiac contractility and arrhythmogenic potential, respectively. Using these approaches would allow selection of compounds with low cardiotoxic potential at the early stage of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Watanabe
- Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd
| | - Yayoi Honda
- Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd
| | - Jiro Deguchi
- Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd
| | - Toru Yamada
- Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd
| | - Kiyoko Bando
- Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd
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64
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Phenotypic Assays for Characterizing Compound Effects on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Spheroids. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2017; 15:280-296. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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65
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Lu HF, Leong MF, Lim TC, Chua YP, Lim JK, Du C, Wan ACA. Engineering a functional three-dimensional human cardiac tissue model for drug toxicity screening. Biofabrication 2017; 9:025011. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa6c3a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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66
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Yu H, Zhao H, Huang C, Du Y. Mechanically and Electrically Enhanced CNT–Collagen Hydrogels As Potential Scaffolds for Engineered Cardiac Constructs. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3017-3021. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chenyu Huang
- Department
of Dermatology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
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67
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Panopoulos AD, D'Antonio M, Benaglio P, Williams R, Hashem SI, Schuldt BM, DeBoever C, Arias AD, Garcia M, Nelson BC, Harismendy O, Jakubosky DA, Donovan MKR, Greenwald WW, Farnam K, Cook M, Borja V, Miller CA, Grinstein JD, Drees F, Okubo J, Diffenderfer KE, Hishida Y, Modesto V, Dargitz CT, Feiring R, Zhao C, Aguirre A, McGarry TJ, Matsui H, Li H, Reyna J, Rao F, O'Connor DT, Yeo GW, Evans SM, Chi NC, Jepsen K, Nariai N, Müller FJ, Goldstein LSB, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Adler E, Loring JF, Berggren WT, D'Antonio-Chronowska A, Smith EN, Frazer KA. iPSCORE: A Resource of 222 iPSC Lines Enabling Functional Characterization of Genetic Variation across a Variety of Cell Types. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1086-1100. [PMID: 28410642 PMCID: PMC5390244 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale collections of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could serve as powerful model systems for examining how genetic variation affects biology and disease. Here we describe the iPSCORE resource: a collection of systematically derived and characterized iPSC lines from 222 ethnically diverse individuals that allows for both familial and association-based genetic studies. iPSCORE lines are pluripotent with high genomic integrity (no or low numbers of somatic copy-number variants) as determined using high-throughput RNA-sequencing and genotyping arrays, respectively. Using iPSCs from a family of individuals, we show that iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes demonstrate gene expression patterns that cluster by genetic background, and can be used to examine variants associated with physiological and disease phenotypes. The iPSCORE collection contains representative individuals for risk and non-risk alleles for 95% of SNPs associated with human phenotypes through genome-wide association studies. Our study demonstrates the utility of iPSCORE for examining how genetic variants influence molecular and physiological traits in iPSCs and derived cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia D Panopoulos
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Matteo D'Antonio
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Paola Benaglio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Roy Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sherin I Hashem
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bernhard M Schuldt
- Zentrum für Integrative Psychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christopher DeBoever
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Angelo D Arias
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Melvin Garcia
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bradley C Nelson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Olivier Harismendy
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David A Jakubosky
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Margaret K R Donovan
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - William W Greenwald
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - KathyJean Farnam
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Megan Cook
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Victor Borja
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carl A Miller
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan D Grinstein
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Frauke Drees
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan Okubo
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Yuriko Hishida
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Veronica Modesto
- Stem Cell Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Carl T Dargitz
- Stem Cell Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rachel Feiring
- Stem Cell Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chang Zhao
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thomas J McGarry
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hiroko Matsui
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - He Li
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joaquin Reyna
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fangwen Rao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Daniel T O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Neil C Chi
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kristen Jepsen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Naoki Nariai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Müller
- Zentrum für Integrative Psychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lawrence S B Goldstein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Eric Adler
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jeanne F Loring
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - W Travis Berggren
- Stem Cell Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Erin N Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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68
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Sirenko O, Grimm FA, Ryan KR, Iwata Y, Chiu WA, Parham F, Wignall JA, Anson B, Cromwell EF, Behl M, Rusyn I, Tice RR. In vitro cardiotoxicity assessment of environmental chemicals using an organotypic human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 322:60-74. [PMID: 28259702 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An important target area for addressing data gaps through in vitro screening is the detection of potential cardiotoxicants. Despite the fact that current conservative estimates relate at least 23% of all cardiovascular disease cases to environmental exposures, the identities of the causative agents remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we evaluate the feasibility of a combinatorial in vitro/in silico screening approach for functional and mechanistic cardiotoxicity profiling of environmental hazards using a library of 69 representative environmental chemicals and drugs. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes were exposed in concentration-response for 30min or 24h and effects on cardiomyocyte beating and cellular and mitochondrial toxicity were assessed by kinetic measurements of intracellular Ca2+ flux and high-content imaging using the nuclear dye Hoechst 33342, the cell viability marker Calcein AM, and the mitochondrial depolarization probe JC-10. More than half of the tested chemicals exhibited effects on cardiomyocyte beating after 30min of exposure. In contrast, after 24h, effects on cell beating without concomitant cytotoxicity were observed in about one third of the compounds. Concentration-response data for in vitro bioactivity phenotypes visualized using the Toxicological Prioritization Index (ToxPi) showed chemical class-specific clustering of environmental chemicals, including pesticides, flame retardants, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. For environmental chemicals with human exposure predictions, the activity-to-exposure ratios between modeled blood concentrations and in vitro bioactivity were between one and five orders of magnitude. These findings not only demonstrate that some ubiquitous environmental pollutants might have the potential at high exposure levels to alter cardiomyocyte function, but also indicate similarities in the mechanism of these effects both within and among chemicals and classes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabian A Grimm
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kristen R Ryan
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Iwata
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Weihsueh A Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Frederick Parham
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Blake Anson
- Cellular Dynamics International, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Mamta Behl
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Raymond R Tice
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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69
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Abi-Gerges N, Pointon A, Oldman KL, Brown MR, Pilling MA, Sefton CE, Garside H, Pollard CE. Assessment of extracellular field potential and Ca2+ transient signals for early QT/pro-arrhythmia detection using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 83:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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70
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Sube R, Ertel EA. Cardiomyocytes Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: An In-Vitro Model to Predict Cardiac Effects of Drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2017.1011040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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71
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Ye R, Liu Y, Zhang H, Su H, Zhang Y, Xu L, Hu R, Kwok RTK, Wong KS, Lam JWY, Goddard WA, Tang BZ. Non-conventional fluorescent biogenic and synthetic polymers without aromatic rings. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00154a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-aromatic peptides fluoresce under pressure.
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72
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MicroRNA-mediated maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes: Towards a better model for cardiotoxicity? Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 98:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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73
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Villacé P, Mella RM, Roura-Ferrer M, Valcárcel M, Salado C, Castilla A, Kortazar D. Fluorescent Parkin Cell-Based Assay Development for the Screening of Drugs against Parkinson Disease. SLAS DISCOVERY 2016; 22:67-76. [PMID: 27703082 DOI: 10.1177/1087057116671498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, causing tremor and motor impairment. Parkin protein, whose mutants are the cause of Parkinson disease type 2 (PARK2), has been mechanistically linked to the regulation of apoptosis and the turnover of damaged mitochondria. Several studies have implicated aberrant mitochondria as a key contributor to the development of PD. In the attempt to discover new drugs, high-content cell-based assays are becoming more important to mimic the nature of biological processes and their diversifications in diseases and will be essential for lead identification and the optimization of therapeutic candidates. We have developed a novel fluorescence cell-based assay for high-content screening to find compounds that can promote the mitochondrial localization of Parkin without severe mitochondrial damage induction. In this work, this model was used to screen a library of 1280 compounds. After the screening campaign, the positive compounds were chosen for further testing, based on the strength of the initial response and lack of cytotoxicity. These results indicated that this Parkin cell-based assay is a robust (Z' > 0.5) and valid strategy to test potential candidates for preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Villacé
- 1 Innoprot (Innovative Technologies in Biological Systems), Derio, Spain
| | - Rosa M Mella
- 1 Innoprot (Innovative Technologies in Biological Systems), Derio, Spain
| | | | - María Valcárcel
- 1 Innoprot (Innovative Technologies in Biological Systems), Derio, Spain
| | - Clarisa Salado
- 1 Innoprot (Innovative Technologies in Biological Systems), Derio, Spain
| | - Amaia Castilla
- 1 Innoprot (Innovative Technologies in Biological Systems), Derio, Spain
| | - Danel Kortazar
- 1 Innoprot (Innovative Technologies in Biological Systems), Derio, Spain
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74
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Takasuna K, Asakura K, Araki S, Ando H, Kazusa K, Kitaguchi T, Kunimatsu T, Suzuki S, Miyamoto N. Comprehensive in vitro cardiac safety assessment using human stem cell technology: Overview of CSAHi HEART initiative. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 83:42-54. [PMID: 27646297 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent increasing evidence suggests that the currently-used platforms in vitro IKr and APD, and/or in vivo QT assays are not fully predictive for TdP, and do not address potential arrhythmia (VT and/or VF) induced by diverse mechanisms of action. In addition, other cardiac safety liabilities such as functional dysfunction of excitation-contraction coupling (contractility) and structural damage (morphological damage to cardiomyocytes) are also major causes of drug attrition, but current in vitro assays do not cover all these liabilities. We organized the Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS cells (CSAHi; http://csahi.org/en/), based on the Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), to verify the application of human iPS/ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes in drug safety evaluation. The main goal of the CSAHi HEART team has been to propose comprehensive screening strategies to predict a diverse range of cardiotoxicities by using recently introduced platforms (multi-electrode array (MEA), patch clamp, cellular impedance, motion field imaging [MFI], and Ca transient systems) while identifying the strengths and weaknesses of each. Our study shows that hiPS-CMs used in these platforms have pharmacological responses more relevant to humans in comparison with existent hERG, APD or Langendorff (MAPD/contraction) assays, and not only MEA but also other methods such as impedance, MFI, and Ca transient systems would offer paradigm changes of platforms for predicting drug-induced QT risk and/or arrhythmia or contractile dysfunctions. Furthermore, we propose a potential multi-parametric platform in which field potential (MEA)-Ca transient-contraction (MFI) could be evaluated simultaneously as an ideal novel platform for predicting a diversity of cardiac toxicities, namely whole effects on the excitation-contraction cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Takasuna
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Asakura
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Discovery Research Labs., Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiichi Araki
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Safety Research Department, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ando
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Safety Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fukui, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kazusa
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaguchi
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Discovery Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kunimatsu
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinobu Suzuki
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Pharmacokinetics and Non-Clinical Safety Dept., Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Hyogo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Miyamoto
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Biopharmaceutical Assessments Core Function Unit Medicine Development Center Eisai Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
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75
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Horvath P, Aulner N, Bickle M, Davies AM, Nery ED, Ebner D, Montoya MC, Östling P, Pietiäinen V, Price LS, Shorte SL, Turcatti G, von Schantz C, Carragher NO. Screening out irrelevant cell-based models of disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:751-769. [PMID: 27616293 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The common and persistent failures to translate promising preclinical drug candidates into clinical success highlight the limited effectiveness of disease models currently used in drug discovery. An apparent reluctance to explore and adopt alternative cell- and tissue-based model systems, coupled with a detachment from clinical practice during assay validation, contributes to ineffective translational research. To help address these issues and stimulate debate, here we propose a set of principles to facilitate the definition and development of disease-relevant assays, and we discuss new opportunities for exploiting the latest advances in cell-based assay technologies in drug discovery, including induced pluripotent stem cells, three-dimensional (3D) co-culture and organ-on-a-chip systems, complemented by advances in single-cell imaging and gene editing technologies. Funding to support precompetitive, multidisciplinary collaborations to develop novel preclinical models and cell-based screening technologies could have a key role in improving their clinical relevance, and ultimately increase clinical success rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Horvath
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; and at the Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Nathalie Aulner
- Imagopole-Citech, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Marc Bickle
- Technology Development Studio, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Anthony M Davies
- Translational Cell Imaging Queensland (TCIQ), Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4102 QLD, Australia; and The Irish National Centre for High Content Screening and Analysis, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Phase 3 Trinity Health Sciences 1.20, St James Hospital, Dublin D8, Republic of Ireland.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Elaine Del Nery
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Department of Translational Research, The Biophenics High-Content Screening Laboratory, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), F-75005, Paris, France.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Daniel Ebner
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Maria C Montoya
- Cellomics Unit, Cell Biology &Physiology Program, Cell &Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Päivi Östling
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17165, Sweden.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Vilja Pietiäinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Leo S Price
- Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Toxicology, Universiteit Leiden, The Netherlands; and at OcellO, J.H Oortweg 21, 2333 CH, Leiden, The Netherlands.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Spencer L Shorte
- Imagopole-Citech, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Gerardo Turcatti
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Carina von Schantz
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK.,European Cell-Based Assays Interest Group
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76
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Zhao Y, Korolj A, Feric N, Radisic M. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte based models for cardiotoxicity and drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2016; 15:1455-1458. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2016.1223624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yimu Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anastasia Korolj
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Feric
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- TARA Biosystems, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Milica Radisic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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77
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Wang S, Zhai C, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Ma L, Li S, Qiao Y. Cardamonin, a Novel Antagonist of hTRPA1 Cation Channel, Reveals Therapeutic Mechanism of Pathological Pain. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091145. [PMID: 27589700 PMCID: PMC6274095 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for safe and effective treatments of chronic pain has promoted the investigation of novel analgesic drugs. Some herbals have been known to be able to relieve pain, while the chemical basis and target involved in this process remained to be clarified. The current study aimed to find anti-nociceptive candidates targeting transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a receptor that implicates in hyperalgesia and neurogenic inflammation. In the current study, 156 chemicals were tested for blocking HEK293/TRPA1 ion channel by calcium-influx assay. Docking study was conducted to predict the binding modes of hit compound with TRPA1 using Discovery Studio. Cytotoxicity in HEK293 was conducted by Cell Titer-Glo assay. Additionally, cardiotoxicity was assessed via xCELLigence RTCA system. We uncovered that cardamonin selectively blocked TRPA1 activation while did not interact with TRPV1 nor TRPV4 channel. A concentration-dependent inhibitory effect was observed with IC50 of 454 nM. Docking analysis of cardamonin demonstrated a compatible interaction with A-967079-binding site of TRPA1. Meanwhile, cardamonin did not significantly reduce HEK293 cell viability, nor did it impair cardiomyocyte constriction. Our data suggest that cardamonin is a selective TRPA1 antagonist, providing novel insight into the target of its anti-nociceptive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing Zhonghuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Chenxi Zhai
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing Zhonghuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing Zhonghuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yangyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing Zhonghuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing Zhonghuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Lianghui Ma
- HD Biosciences, Co., Ltd., 590 Ruiqing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park East Campus, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201201, China.
| | - Shiyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of TCM-Information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing Zhonghuan South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
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78
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Grimm FA, Iwata Y, Sirenko O, Chappell GA, Wright FA, Reif DM, Braisted J, Gerhold DL, Yeakley JM, Shepard P, Seligmann B, Roy T, Boogaard PJ, Ketelslegers HB, Rohde AM, Rusyn I. A chemical-biological similarity-based grouping of complex substances as a prototype approach for evaluating chemical alternatives. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2016; 18:4407-4419. [PMID: 28035192 PMCID: PMC5179981 DOI: 10.1039/c6gc01147k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Comparative assessment of potential human health impacts is a critical step in evaluating both chemical alternatives and existing products on the market. Most alternatives assessments are conducted on a chemical-by-chemical basis and it is seldom acknowledged that humans are exposed to complex products, not individual substances. Indeed, substances of Unknown or Variable composition, Complex reaction products, and Biological materials (UVCBs) are ubiquitous in commerce yet they present a major challenge for registration and health assessments. Here, we present a comprehensive experimental and computational approach to categorize UVCBs according to global similarities in their bioactivity using a suite of in vitro models. We used petroleum substances, an important group of UVCBs which are grouped for regulatory approval and read-across primarily on physico-chemical properties and the manufacturing process, and only partially based on toxicity data, as a case study. We exposed induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes to DMSO-soluble extracts of 21 petroleum substances from five product groups. Concentration-response data from high-content imaging in cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes, as well as targeted high-throughput transcriptomic analysis of the hepatocytes, revealed distinct groups of petroleum substances. Data integration showed that bioactivity profiling affords clustering of petroleum substances in a manner similar to the manufacturing process-based categories. Moreover, we observed a high degree of correlation between bioactivity profiles and physico-chemical properties, as well as improved groupings when chemical and biological data were combined. Altogether, we demonstrate how novel in vitro screening approaches can be effectively utilized in combination with physico-chemical characteristics to group complex substances and enable read-across. This approach allows for rapid and scientifically-informed evaluation of health impacts of both existing substances and their chemical alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A Grimm
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA . ; ; Tel: +(979) 458-9866
| | - Yasuhiro Iwata
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA . ; ; Tel: +(979) 458-9866
| | | | - Grace A Chappell
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA . ; ; Tel: +(979) 458-9866
| | - Fred A Wright
- Bioinformatics Research Center , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - David M Reif
- Bioinformatics Research Center , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , USA
| | - John Braisted
- National Institutes of Health , National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - David L Gerhold
- National Institutes of Health , National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | | | | | | | - Tim Roy
- Department of Natural Science , University of South Carolina , Beaufort , SC , USA
| | | | - Hans B Ketelslegers
- European Petroleum Refiners Association , Concawe Division , Brussels , BE , USA
| | | | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA . ; ; Tel: +(979) 458-9866
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79
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Matsa E, Ahrens JH, Wu JC. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Platform for Personalized and Precision Cardiovascular Medicine. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1093-126. [PMID: 27335446 PMCID: PMC6345246 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have revolutionized the field of human disease modeling, with an enormous potential to serve as paradigm shifting platforms for preclinical trials, personalized clinical diagnosis, and drug treatment. In this review, we describe how hiPSCs could transition cardiac healthcare away from simple disease diagnosis to prediction and prevention, bridging the gap between basic and clinical research to bring the best science to every patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Matsa
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - John H Ahrens
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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80
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Bedut S, Seminatore-Nole C, Lamamy V, Caignard S, Boutin JA, Nosjean O, Stephan JP, Coge F. High-throughput drug profiling with voltage- and calcium-sensitive fluorescent probes in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H44-53. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00793.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are increasingly used for in vitro assays and represent an interesting opportunity to increase the data throughput for drug development. In this work, we describe a 96-well recording of synchronous electrical activities from spontaneously beating hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte monolayers. The signal was obtained with a fast-imaging plate reader using a submillisecond-responding membrane potential recording assay, FluoVolt, based on a newly derived voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye. In our conditions, the toxicity of the dye was moderate and compatible with episodic recordings for >3 h. We show that the waveforms recorded from a whole well or from a single cell-sized zone are equivalent and make available critical functional parameters that are usually accessible only with gold standard techniques like intracellular microelectrode recording. This approach allows accurate identification of the electrophysiological effects of reference drugs on the different phases of the cardiac action potential as follows: fast depolarization (lidocaine), early repolarization (nifedipine, Bay K8644, and veratridine), late repolarization (dofetilide), and diastolic slow depolarization (ivabradine). Furthermore, the data generated with the FluoVolt dye can be pertinently complemented with a calcium-sensitive dye for deeper characterization of the pharmacological responses. In a semiautomated plate reader, the two probes used simultaneously in 96-well plates provide an easy and powerful multiparametric assay to rapidly and precisely evaluate the cardiotropic profile of compounds for drug discovery or cardiac safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Bedut
- Laboratoire SERVIER de Chemogénétique, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Christine Seminatore-Nole
- Laboratoire SERVIER de Chemogénétique, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle, Hôpital de la Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Veronique Lamamy
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sarah Caignard
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean A. Boutin
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Olivier Nosjean
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Stephan
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Francis Coge
- Pôle d'Expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
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81
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Zeng H, Roman MI, Lis E, Lagrutta A, Sannajust F. Use of FDSS/μCell imaging platform for preclinical cardiac electrophysiology safety screening of compounds in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 81:217-22. [PMID: 27222351 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
FDSS/μCell is a high-speed acquisition imaging platform (Hamamatsu Ltd., Hamamatsu, Japan) that allows for simultaneous high-throughput reading under controlled conditions. We evaluated the Ca(2+) transients or optical membrane potential changes of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) (iCells) in the presence or absence of 44 pharmacological agents known to interfere with cardiac ion channels (e.g., hERG, IKs, NaV1.5, CaV1.2). We tested two Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescence dyes (Codex ACTOne® and EarlyTox®) and a membrane potential dye (FLIPR® membrane potential dye). We were able to quantify and report drug-induced early-after depolarizations (EAD)-like waveforms, cardiomyocyte ectopic beats and changes in beating rate from a subgroup of pharmacological agents acting acutely (within a 1-hour period). Cardiovascular drugs, such as dofetilide and d,l-sotalol, exhibited EAD-like signals at 3nM and 10μM, respectively. CNS drugs, such as haloperidol and sertindole, exhibited EAD-like signals and ectopic beats at 30nM and 1μM, respectively. Other drugs, such as astemizole, solifenacin, and moxifloxacin, exhibited similar arrhythmias at 30nM, 3μM and 300μM, respectively. Our data suggest that the membrane potential and intracellular Ca(2+) signal are tightly coupled, supporting the idea that the EAD-like signals reported are the accurate representation of an EAD signal of the cardiac action potential. Finally, the EAD-like Ca(2+) signal was well correlated to clinically-relevant concentrations where Torsade de Pointes (TdPs) arrhythmias were noted in healthy volunteers treated orally with some of the compounds we tested, as reported in PharmaPendium®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Zeng
- SALAR, Safety & Exploratory Pharmacology Department, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | - Maria I Roman
- SALAR, Safety & Exploratory Pharmacology Department, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Edward Lis
- SALAR, Safety & Exploratory Pharmacology Department, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Armando Lagrutta
- SALAR, Safety & Exploratory Pharmacology Department, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Frederick Sannajust
- SALAR, Safety & Exploratory Pharmacology Department, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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82
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Clements M. Multielectrode Array (MEA) Assay for Profiling Electrophysiological Drug Effects in Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN TOXICOLOGY 2016; 68:22.4.1-22.4.32. [PMID: 27145112 DOI: 10.1002/cptx.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
More relevant and reliable preclinical cardiotoxicity tests are required to improve drug safety and reduce the cost of drug development. Human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hSC-CMs) provide a potential model for the development of superior assays for preclinical drug safety screening. One such hSC-CM assay that has shown significant potential for enabling more predictive drug cardiac risk assessment is the MEA assay. The Multi-electrode Array (MEA) assay is an electrophysiology-based technique that uses microelectrodes embedded in the culture surface of each well to measure fluctuations in extracellular field potential (FP) generated from spontaneously beating hSC-CMs. Perturbations to the recorded FP waveform can be used as an unbiased method of predicting the identity of ion channel(s) impacted on drug exposure. Here, a higher throughput MEA assay using hSC-CMs in 48-well MEA plates is described for profiling compound-induced effects on cardiomyocyte electrophysiology. Techniques for preparing hSC-CM monolayers in MEA plates and methods to contextualize MEA assay experimental results are also covered. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Clements
- GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Maynard Centre, Forest Farm, Whitchurch, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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83
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Chen IY, Matsa E, Wu JC. Induced pluripotent stem cells: at the heart of cardiovascular precision medicine. Nat Rev Cardiol 2016; 13:333-49. [PMID: 27009425 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2016.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology has revitalized the efforts in the past decade to realize more fully the potential of human embryonic stem cells for scientific research. Adding to the possibility of generating an unlimited amount of any cell type of interest, hiPSC technology now enables the derivation of cells with patient-specific phenotypes. Given the introduction and implementation of the large-scale Precision Medicine Initiative, hiPSC technology will undoubtedly have a vital role in the advancement of cardiovascular research and medicine. In this Review, we summarize the progress that has been made in the field of hiPSC technology, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular disease modelling and drug development. The growing roles of hiPSC technology in the practice of precision medicine will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Y Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Elena Matsa
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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84
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Bennett NK, Dhaliwal A, Moghe PV. Convergence of Highly Resolved and Rapid Screening Platforms with Dynamically Engineered, Cell Phenotype-Prescriptive Biomaterials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:142-151. [PMID: 27482508 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-016-0057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Biophysical and biochemical cues from the cellular microenvironment initiate intracellular signaling through cellular membrane receptors and trigger specific cell developmental programs. Extracellular substrates and matrix scaffolds engineered to mimic cell's native physiological environment must incorporate the multifactorial parameters (composition, micro and nanoscale organization and topography) of the extracellular matrix as well as the dynamic nature of the matrix. The design of such engineered biomaterials is challenged by the inherent complexity and dynamic nature of the cell-extracellular matrix reciprocity, while the validation of robust microenvironments requires a deeper, higher content phenotypic resolution of cell-matrix interactions alongside a rapid screening capability. To this end, high-throughput platforms are integral to facilitating the screening and optimization of complex engineered microenvironments for directing desired cell developmental pathway. This review highlights the recent advances in biomaterial platforms that present dynamic cues and enable high throughput screening of cell's response to a combination of micro-environmental factors. We also address some newer techniques involving high content image informatics to elucidate emergent cellular behaviors with a focus on stem cell regenerative endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal K Bennett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Anandika Dhaliwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Prabhas V Moghe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
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85
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Del Álamo JC, Lemons D, Serrano R, Savchenko A, Cerignoli F, Bodmer R, Mercola M. High throughput physiological screening of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes for drug development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1717-27. [PMID: 26952934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac drug discovery is hampered by the reliance on non-human animal and cellular models with inadequate throughput and physiological fidelity to accurately identify new targets and test novel therapeutic strategies. Similarly, adverse drug effects on the heart are challenging to model, contributing to costly failure of drugs during development and even after market launch. Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiac tissue represents a potentially powerful means to model aspects of heart physiology relevant to disease and adverse drug effects, providing both the human context and throughput needed to improve the efficiency of drug development. Here we review emerging technologies for high throughput measurements of cardiomyocyte physiology, and comment on the promises and challenges of using iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes to model disease and introduce the human context into early stages of drug discovery. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte biology: Integration of Developmental and Environmental Cues in the Heart edited by Marcus Schaub and Hughes Abriel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Del Álamo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0411, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411, USA
| | - Derek Lemons
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0412, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412, USA; Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ricardo Serrano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0411, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411, USA
| | - Alex Savchenko
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0412, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412, USA; Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, CA 92037, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA
| | - Fabio Cerignoli
- ACEA Biosciences, Inc., 6779 Mesa Ridge Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0412, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412, USA; Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, CA 92037, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 265 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA.
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86
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Rodgers K, Papinska A, Mordwinkin N. Regulatory aspects of small molecule drugs for heart regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:245-52. [PMID: 26150343 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Even though recent discoveries prove the existence of cardiac progenitor cells, internal regenerative capacity of the heart is minimal. As cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of deaths in the United States, a number of approaches are being used to develop treatments for heart repair and regeneration. Small molecule drugs are of particular interest as they are suited for oral administration and can be chemically synthesized. However, the regulatory process for the development of new treatment modalities is protracted, complex and expensive. One of the hurdles to development of appropriate therapies is the need for predictive preclinical models. The use of patient-derived cardiomyocytes from iPSC cells represents a novel tool for this purpose. Among other concepts for induction of heart regeneration, the most advanced is the combination of DPP-IV inhibitors with stem cell mobilizers. This review will focus on regulatory aspects as well as preclinical hurdles of development of new treatments for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Rodgers
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacoeconomics and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
| | - Anna Papinska
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacoeconomics and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Nicholas Mordwinkin
- Miltenyi Biotec, Inc., 2303 Lindbergh Street, Auburn, CA 95602, United States
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87
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Kurokawa YK, George SC. Tissue engineering the cardiac microenvironment: Multicellular microphysiological systems for drug screening. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:225-33. [PMID: 26212156 PMCID: PMC4869857 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability to accurately detect cardiotoxicity has become increasingly important in the development of new drugs. Since the advent of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, researchers have explored their use in creating an in vitro drug screening platform. Recently, there has been increasing interest in creating 3D microphysiological models of the heart as a tool to detect cardiotoxic compounds. By recapitulating the complex microenvironment that exists in the native heart, cardiac microphysiological systems have the potential to provide a more accurate pharmacological response compared to current standards in preclinical drug screening. This review aims to provide an overview on the progress made in creating advanced models of the human heart, including the significance and contributions of the various cellular and extracellular components to cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke K Kurokawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Steven C George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Energy, Environment, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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88
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Chen AT, Zou S. Evaluation of drug-mediated arrhythmic changes in spontaneous beating cardiomyocytes by AFM. Analyst 2016; 141:6303-6313. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an01577h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An AFM-based approach to investigate compound-induced ion channel effects in cardiomyocytes for pre-screening drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. T. Chen
- Measurement Science and Standards
- National Research Council Canada
- Ottawa
- Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Science
| | - S. Zou
- Measurement Science and Standards
- National Research Council Canada
- Ottawa
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
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89
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Dambach DM, Misner D, Brock M, Fullerton A, Proctor W, Maher J, Lee D, Ford K, Diaz D. Safety Lead Optimization and Candidate Identification: Integrating New Technologies into Decision-Making. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 29:452-72. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donna M. Dambach
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA
Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dinah Misner
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA
Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mathew Brock
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA
Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Aaron Fullerton
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA
Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - William Proctor
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA
Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jonathan Maher
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA
Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dong Lee
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA
Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin Ford
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA
Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dolores Diaz
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA
Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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90
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Grimm FA, Iwata Y, Sirenko O, Bittner M, Rusyn I. High-Content Assay Multiplexing for Toxicity Screening in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes and Hepatocytes. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2015; 13:529-46. [PMID: 26539751 PMCID: PMC4652224 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2015.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based high-content screening (HCS) assays have become an increasingly attractive alternative to traditional in vitro and in vivo testing in pharmaceutical drug development and toxicological safety assessment. The time- and cost-effectiveness of HCS assays, combined with the organotypic nature of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cells, open new opportunities to employ physiologically relevant in vitro model systems to improve screening for potential chemical hazards. In this study, we used two human iPSC types, cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes, to test various high-content and molecular assay combinations for their applicability in a multiparametric screening format. Effects on cardiomyocyte beat frequency were characterized by calcium flux measurements for up to 90 min. Subsequent correlation with intracellular cAMP levels was used to determine if the effects on cardiac physiology were G-protein-coupled receptor dependent. In addition, we utilized high-content cell imaging to simultaneously determine cell viability, mitochondrial integrity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in both cell types. Kinetic analysis indicated that ROS formation is best detectable 30 min following initial treatment, whereas cytotoxic effects were most stable after 24 h. For hepatocytes, high-content imaging was also used to evaluate cytotoxicity and cytoskeletal integrity, as well as mitochondrial integrity and the potential for lipid accumulation. Lipid accumulation, a marker for hepatic steatosis, was most reliably detected 48 h following treatment with test compounds. Overall, our results demonstrate how a compendium of assays can be utilized for quantitative screening of chemical effects in iPSC cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes and enable rapid and cost-efficient multidimensional biological profiling of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Alexander Grimm
- 1 Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas
| | - Yasuhiro Iwata
- 1 Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas
| | | | - Michael Bittner
- 3 Translational Genomics Research Institute, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- 1 Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas
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91
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Denning C, Borgdorff V, Crutchley J, Firth KSA, George V, Kalra S, Kondrashov A, Hoang MD, Mosqueira D, Patel A, Prodanov L, Rajamohan D, Skarnes WC, Smith JGW, Young LE. Cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells: From laboratory curiosity to industrial biomedical platform. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:1728-48. [PMID: 26524115 PMCID: PMC5221745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs-CMs) could revolutionise biomedicine. Global burden of heart failure will soon reach USD $90bn, while unexpected cardiotoxicity underlies 28% of drug withdrawals. Advances in hPSC isolation, Cas9/CRISPR genome engineering and hPSC-CM differentiation have improved patient care, progressed drugs to clinic and opened a new era in safety pharmacology. Nevertheless, predictive cardiotoxicity using hPSC-CMs contrasts from failure to almost total success. Since this likely relates to cell immaturity, efforts are underway to use biochemical and biophysical cues to improve many of the ~30 structural and functional properties of hPSC-CMs towards those seen in adult CMs. Other developments needed for widespread hPSC-CM utility include subtype specification, cost reduction of large scale differentiation and elimination of the phenotyping bottleneck. This review will consider these factors in the evolution of hPSC-CM technologies, as well as their integration into high content industrial platforms that assess structure, mitochondrial function, electrophysiology, calcium transients and contractility. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Integration of Developmental and Environmental Cues in the Heart edited by Marcus Schaub and Hughes Abriel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Denning
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Viola Borgdorff
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - James Crutchley
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Karl S A Firth
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Vinoj George
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Spandan Kalra
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Kondrashov
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Minh Duc Hoang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Diogo Mosqueira
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Asha Patel
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Ljupcho Prodanov
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Divya Rajamohan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - William C Skarnes
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James G W Smith
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine E Young
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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92
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Guo L, Eldridge S, Furniss M, Mussio J, Davis M. Use of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to Monitor Compound Effects on Cardiac Myocyte Signaling Pathways. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 7:141-185. [PMID: 26331525 PMCID: PMC4568555 DOI: 10.1002/9780470559277.ch150035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to develop mechanism-based assays to better inform risk of cardiotoxicity. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are rapidly gaining acceptance as a biologically relevant in vitro model for use in drug discovery and cardiotoxicity screens. Utilization of hiPSC-CMs for mechanistic investigations would benefit from confirmation of the expression and activity of cellular pathways that are known to regulate cardiac myocyte viability and function. This unit describes an approach to demonstrate the presence and function of signaling pathways in hiPSC-CMs and the effects of treatments on these pathways. We present a workflow that employs protocols to demonstrate protein expression and functional integrity of signaling pathway(s) of interest and to characterize biological consequences of signaling modulation. These protocols utilize a unique combination of structural, functional, and biochemical endpoints to interrogate compound effects on cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA, 301-846-7495,
| | - Sandy Eldridge
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA, 301-228-4761,
| | - Mike Furniss
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA, 301-846-5539,
| | - Jodie Mussio
- Laboratory of Investigative Toxicology, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA, 301-846-7529,
| | - Myrtle Davis
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA, 240-276-5915
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93
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Clements M, Millar V, Williams AS, Kalinka S. Bridging Functional and Structural Cardiotoxicity Assays Using Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for a More Comprehensive Risk Assessment. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148:241-60. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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94
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Bergström G, Christoffersson J, Schwanke K, Zweigerdt R, Mandenius CF. Stem cell derived in vivo-like human cardiac bodies in a microfluidic device for toxicity testing by beating frequency imaging. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:3242-9. [PMID: 26135270 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00449g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Beating in vivo-like human cardiac bodies (CBs) were used in a microfluidic device for testing cardiotoxicity. The CBs, cardiomyocyte cell clusters derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, exhibited typical structural and functional properties of the native human myocardium. The CBs were captured in niches along a perfusion channel in the device. Video imaging was utilized for automatic monitoring of the beating frequency of each individual CB. The device allowed assessment of cardiotoxic effects of drug substances doxorubicin, verapamil and quinidine on the 3D clustered cardiomyocytes. Beating frequency data recorded over a period of 6 hours are presented and compared to literature data. The results indicate that this microfluidic setup with imaging of CB characteristics provides a new opportunity for label-free, non-invasive investigation of toxic effects in a 3D microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Bergström
- Division of Biotechnology, Dept. of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden.
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95
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Gilchrist KH, Lewis GF, Gay EA, Sellgren KL, Grego S. High-throughput cardiac safety evaluation and multi-parameter arrhythmia profiling of cardiomyocytes using microelectrode arrays. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 288:249-57. [PMID: 26232523 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) recording extracellular field potentials of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CM) provide a rich data set for functional assessment of drug response. The aim of this work is the development of a method for a systematic analysis of arrhythmia using MEAs, with emphasis on the development of six parameters accounting for different types of cardiomyocyte signal irregularities. We describe a software approach to carry out such analysis automatically including generation of a heat map that enables quick visualization of arrhythmic liability of compounds. We also implemented signal processing techniques for reliable extraction of the repolarization peak for field potential duration (FPD) measurement even from recordings with low signal to noise ratios. We measured hiPS-CM's on a 48 well MEA system with 5minute recordings at multiple time points (0.5, 1, 2 and 4h) after drug exposure. We evaluated concentration responses for seven compounds with a combination of hERG, QT and clinical proarrhythmia properties: Verapamil, Ranolazine, Flecainide, Amiodarone, Ouabain, Cisapride, and Terfenadine. The predictive utility of MEA parameters as surrogates of these clinical effects were examined. The beat rate and FPD results exhibited good correlations with previous MEA studies in stem cell derived cardiomyocytes and clinical data. The six-parameter arrhythmia assessment exhibited excellent predictive agreement with the known arrhythmogenic potential of the tested compounds, and holds promise as a new method to predict arrhythmic liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin H Gilchrist
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Gregory F Lewis
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Elaine A Gay
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Katelyn L Sellgren
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Sonia Grego
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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96
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Lee EK, Kurokawa YK, Tu R, George SC, Khine M. Machine learning plus optical flow: a simple and sensitive method to detect cardioactive drugs. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11817. [PMID: 26139150 PMCID: PMC4490343 DOI: 10.1038/srep11817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Current preclinical screening methods do not adequately detect cardiotoxicity. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CMs), more physiologically relevant preclinical or patient-specific screening to detect potential cardiotoxic effects of drug candidates may be possible. However, one of the persistent challenges for developing a high-throughput drug screening platform using iPS-CMs is the need to develop a simple and reliable method to measure key electrophysiological and contractile parameters. To address this need, we have developed a platform that combines machine learning paired with brightfield optical flow as a simple and robust tool that can automate the detection of cardiomyocyte drug effects. Using three cardioactive drugs of different mechanisms, including those with primarily electrophysiological effects, we demonstrate the general applicability of this screening method to detect subtle changes in cardiomyocyte contraction. Requiring only brightfield images of cardiomyocyte contractions, we detect changes in cardiomyocyte contraction comparable to – and even superior to – fluorescence readouts. This automated method serves as a widely applicable screening tool to characterize the effects of drugs on cardiomyocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Yosuke K Kurokawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Robin Tu
- Department of Statistics, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93410
| | - Steven C George
- 1] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 [2] Department of Energy, Environment, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Michelle Khine
- 1] Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 [2] Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
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97
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Frotscher R, Koch JP, Staat M. Computational Investigation of Drug Action on Human-Induced Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. J Biomech Eng 2015; 137:2212351. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4030173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We compare experimental and computational results for the actions of the cardioactive drugs Lidocaine, Verapamil, Veratridine, and Bay K 8644 on a tissue monolayer consisting of mainly fibroblasts and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSc-CM). The choice of the computational models is justified and literature data is collected to model drug action as accurately as possible. The focus of this work is to evaluate the validity and capability of existing models for native human cells with respect to the simulation of pharmaceutical treatment of monolayers and hiPSc-CM. From the comparison of experimental and computational results, we derive suggestions for model improvements which are intended to computationally support the interpretation of experimental results obtained for hiPSc-CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Frotscher
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich 52428, Germany e-mail:
| | - Jan-Peter Koch
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Manfred Staat
- Professor Biomechanics Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich 52428, Germany e-mail:
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98
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Lagerqvist E, Finnin B, Elliott D, Anderson D, Wu S, Pouton C, Haynes J. Comparing mouse and human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiac cells: Both systems have advantages for pharmacological and toxicological screening. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2015; 74:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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99
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Rappaz B, Moon I, Yi F, Javidi B, Marquet P, Turcatti G. Automated multi-parameter measurement of cardiomyocytes dynamics with digital holographic microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:13333-47. [PMID: 26074583 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.013333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Compounds tested during drug development may have adverse effects on the heart; therefore all new chemical entities have to undergo extensive preclinical assessment for cardiac liability. Conventional intensity-based imaging techniques are not robust enough to provide detailed information for cell structure and the captured images result in low-contrast, especially to cell with semi-transparent or transparent feature, which would affect the cell analysis. In this paper we show, for the first time, that digital holographic microscopy (DHM) integrated with information processing algorithms automatically provide dynamic quantitative phase profiles of beating cardiomyocytes. We experimentally demonstrate that relevant parameters of cardiomyocytes can be obtained by our automated algorithm based on DHM phase signal analysis and used to characterize the physiological state of resting cardiomyocytes. Our study opens the possibility of automated quantitative analysis of cardiomyocyte dynamics suitable for further drug safety testing and compounds selection as a new paradigm in drug toxicity screens.
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100
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Generation of highly purified human cardiomyocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126596. [PMID: 25970162 PMCID: PMC4430251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have an enormous potential for physiological studies. A novel protocol was developed combining the derivation of iPS from peripheral blood with an optimized directed differentiation to cardiomyocytes and a subsequent metabolic selection. The human iPS cells were retrovirally dedifferentiated from activated T cells. The subsequent optimized directed differentiation protocol yielded 30-45% cardiomyocytes at day 16 of differentiation. The derived cardiomyocytes expressed appropriate structural markers like cardiac troponin T, α-actinin and myosin light chain 2 (MLC2V). In a subsequent metabolic selection with lactate, the cardiomyocytes content could be increased to more than 90%. Loss of cardiomyocytes during metabolic selection were less than 50%, whereas alternative surface antibody-based selection procedures resulted in loss of up to 80% of cardiomyocytes. Electrophysiological characterization confirmed the typical cardiac features and the presence of ventricular, atrial and nodal-like action potentials within the derived cardiomyocyte population. Our combined and optimized protocol is highly robust and applicable for scalable cardiac differentiation. It provides a simple and cost-efficient method without expensive equipment for generating large numbers of highly purified, functional cardiomyocytes. It will further enhance the applicability of iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine.
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