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Kitaguchi T, Ito M, Ohno K, Ota N, Kobayashi K, Sato H, Iwao T, Matsunaga T, Tanaka M, Hisaka A. In vitro-based prediction of human plasma concentrations of food-related compounds. ALTEX 2023; 40:595-605. [PMID: 37216287 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2302131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Efforts have been made to replace animal experiments in safety evaluations, including in vitro-based predictions of human internal exposures, such as predicting peak plasma concentration (Cmax) values for xenobiotics and comparing these values with in vitro-based toxicity endpoints. Herein, the authors predicted the Cmax values of food-related compounds in humans based on existing and novel in vitro techniques. In this study, 20 food-related compounds, which have been previously reported in human pharmacokinetic or toxicokinetic studies, were evaluated. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells (hiPSC-SIEC) and Caco-2 cells, HepaRG cells, equilibrium dialysis of human plasma, and LLC-PK1 cell monolayer were used to assess intestinal absorption and availability, hepatic metabolism, unbound plasma fraction, and secretion and reabsorption in renal tubular cells, respectively. After conversion of these parameters into human kinetic parameters, the plasma concentration profiles of these compounds were predicted using in silico methods, and the obtained Cmax values were found to be between 0.017 and 183 times the reported Cmax values. When the in silico-predicted parameters were modified with in vitro data, the predicted Cmax values came within 0.1-10 times the reported values because the metabolic activities of hiPSC-SIECs, such as uridine 5’-diphospho-glucuronosyl transferase, are more similar to those of human primary enterocytes. Thus, combining in vitro test results with the plasma concentration simulations resulted in more accurate and transparent predictions of Cmax values of food-related compounds than those obtained using in silico-derived predictions alone. This method facilitates accurate safety evaluation without the need for animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kitaguchi
- Global Food Safety Institute, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mina Ito
- Global Food Safety Institute, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Ohno
- Global Food Safety Institute, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Ota
- Global Food Safety Institute, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kobayashi
- Global Food Safety Institute, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Tanaka
- Global Food Safety Institute, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hisaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
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Kitaguchi T, Horiuchi S, Kuroda Y, Ohno K, Kobayashi K, Tanaka M, Ishida S. Construction of extended and functional bile canaliculi using long-term sandwich-cultured cryopreserved human hepatocytes and the application of hepatocytes for predicting the biliary excretion of pharmaceutical and food-related compounds. J Toxicol Sci 2023; 48:251-261. [PMID: 37121740 DOI: 10.2131/jts.48.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The biliary excretion of pharmaceutical and food-related compounds is an important factor for assessing pharmacokinetics and toxicities in humans, and a highly predictive in vitro method for human biliary excretion is required. We have developed a simple in vitro culture method for generating extended and functional bile canaliculi using cryopreserved human hepatocytes. We evaluated the uptake of compounds by hepatocytes and bile canaliculi, and the biliary excretion index (BEI) was calculated. After 21 days of culture, the presence of extended and functional bile canaliculi was confirmed by the uptake of two fluorescent substrates. Positive BEIs were observed for taurocholic acid-d4, rosuvastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, valsartan, olmesartan, and topotecan (reported biliary-excreted compounds in humans), but no difference in BEI was observed for salicylic acid (a nonbiliary-excreted compound). Furthermore, 8 of 21 food-related compounds with specific structures and reported biliary transporter involvement exhibited positive BEIs. The developed in vitro system was characterized by functional bile canaliculus-like structures, and it could be applied to the prediction of the biliary excretion of pharmaceutical and food-related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yukie Kuroda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Katsutoshi Ohno
- Global Food Safety Institute, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd
| | | | - Mitsuru Tanaka
- Global Food Safety Institute, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd
| | - Seiichi Ishida
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Sojo University
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Kitaguchi T, Mizota T, Ito M, Ohno K, Kobayashi K, Ogawa I, Qiu S, Iwao T, Hanioka N, Tanaka M, Matsunaga T. Simultaneous evaluation of membrane permeability and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-mediated metabolism of food-derived compounds using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:17-23. [PMID: 34670778 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic prediction after oral ingestion is important for quantitative risk assessment of food-derived compounds. To evaluate the utility of human intestinal absorption prediction, we compared the membrane permeability and metabolic activities of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells (hiPSC-SIECs) with Caco-2 cells or human primary enterocytes (hPECs). We found that membrane permeability in hiPSC-SIECs had better predictivity than that in Caco-2 cells against 21 drugs with known human intestinal availability (r = 0.830 and 0.401, respectively). Membrane permeability in hiPSC-SIECs was only 0.019-0.25-fold as compared with that in Caco-2 cells for 7 in 15 food-derived compounds, primarily those which were reported to undergo glucuronidation metabolism. The metabolic rates of the glucuronide conjugate were similar or higher in hiPSC-SIECs as compared with hPECs, while lower in Caco-2 cells. Expression levels of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoform mRNA in hiPSC-SIECs were similar or higher as compared with hPECs. Therefore, hiPSC-SIECs could be a useful tool for predicting human intestinal absorption, in order to simultaneously evaluate membrane permeability and UGT-mediated metabolism. Significance Statement Gastrointestinal absorption is an important step for predicting the internal exposure of food-derived compounds. This research revealed that human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal cells (hiPSC-SIECs) had better predictivity of intestinal availability than Caco-2 cells; furthermore, the metabolic rates of UGT substrates of hiPSC-SIECs were closer those of human primary enterocytes than those of Caco-2 cells. Therefore, hiPSC-SIECs could be a useful tool for predicting human intestinal absorption to simultaneously evaluate membrane permeability and UGT-mediated metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kitaguchi
- Global Food Safety Institute, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Taisei Mizota
- Global Food Safety Institute, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Mina Ito
- Global Food Safety Institute, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Ohno
- Global Food Safety Institute, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Japan
| | | | - Isamu Ogawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan
| | - Shimeng Qiu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan
| | | | - Nobumitsu Hanioka
- Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Tanaka
- Global Food Safety Institute, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan
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Ito M, Mizota T, Kitaguchi T, Ohno K, Ohba T, Tanaka M. Simultaneous detection of eight species of tree nut in foods using two tetraplex polymerase chain reaction assays. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1985-1991. [PMID: 30067462 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1497940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tree nuts comprise a category of food allergens that must be included in the food labels in several countries. We developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using eight specific primer pairs to detect eight representative tree nuts (almond, Brazil nut, cashew, hazelnut, macadamia nut, pecan, pistachio, and walnut) under the same experimental conditions. The specificity of the eight primer pairs was confirmed by PCR testing against a variety of plant and animal samples. The detection limit of the method ranged from 1 fg to 1 pg DNA of individual tree nuts. The method detected tree nut DNA in processed and unprocessed food. In addition, the primer pairs could be combined into two sets of tetraplex PCR system. The developed method is specific, sensitive, and efficient, making it useful for detecting trace amounts of eight species of tree nut in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ito
- a Global Food Safety Research Institute , Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd ., Hachioji, Tokyo Japan
| | - Taisei Mizota
- a Global Food Safety Research Institute , Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd ., Hachioji, Tokyo Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaguchi
- a Global Food Safety Research Institute , Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd ., Hachioji, Tokyo Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Ohno
- a Global Food Safety Research Institute , Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd ., Hachioji, Tokyo Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohba
- a Global Food Safety Research Institute , Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd ., Hachioji, Tokyo Japan
| | - Mitsuru Tanaka
- a Global Food Safety Research Institute , Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd ., Hachioji, Tokyo Japan
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Yamazaki D, Kitaguchi T, Ishimura M, Taniguchi T, Yamanishi A, Saji D, Takahashi E, Oguchi M, Moriyama Y, Maeda S, Miyamoto K, Morimura K, Ohnaka H, Tashibu H, Sekino Y, Miyamoto N, Kanda Y. Proarrhythmia risk prediction using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 136:249-256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Kitaguchi T, Nojiri T, Suzuki S, Fukita T, Kawana T. EDPS of Clinical Case Record and Scientific Document in the Industry Post-Marketing Surveillance of Drugs. Methods Inf Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1635432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to meet the multifarious needs for drug information and to cope with the post-marketing surveillance of drugs adequately, an on-line drug information network, which is composed of two data bases, clinical case record data base and literature data base, has been developed. Primary considerations in designing these systems were input of clean data, accurate input, insuring that no ADRs are overlooked, accumulation of the latest data, saving manpower required for processing, and processing large quantities of data. This system is also designed to input and to output in Japanese character.
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Kitaguchi T, Moriyama Y, Maeda S, Taniguchi T, Ishimura M, Tashibu H, Oguchi M, Yamanishi A, Takahashi E, Miyamoto K, Morimura K, Saji D, Ohnaka H, Yamazaki D, Kanda Y, Sekino Y, Miyamoto N. Evaluation of Multi-electrode Array in Combination with Cor.4U Human iPS Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes to Predict Drug-Induced QT Prolongation and Arrhythmia -Collaboration between CSAHi and JiCSA. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kitaguchi T, Moriyama Y, Taniguchi T, Maeda S, Ando H, Uda T, Otabe K, Oguchi M, Shimizu S, Saito H, Toratani A, Asayama M, Yamamoto W, Matsumoto E, Saji D, Ohnaka H, Miyamoto N. CSAHi study: Detection of drug-induced ion channel/receptor responses, QT prolongation, and arrhythmia using multi-electrode arrays in combination with human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 85:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Takasuna K, Asakura K, Araki S, Ando H, Kazusa K, Kitaguchi T, Kunimatsu T, Suzuki S, Miyamoto N. Comprehensive in vitro cardiac safety assessment using human stem cell technology: Overview of CSAHi HEART initiative. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 83:42-54. [PMID: 27646297 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent increasing evidence suggests that the currently-used platforms in vitro IKr and APD, and/or in vivo QT assays are not fully predictive for TdP, and do not address potential arrhythmia (VT and/or VF) induced by diverse mechanisms of action. In addition, other cardiac safety liabilities such as functional dysfunction of excitation-contraction coupling (contractility) and structural damage (morphological damage to cardiomyocytes) are also major causes of drug attrition, but current in vitro assays do not cover all these liabilities. We organized the Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS cells (CSAHi; http://csahi.org/en/), based on the Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA), to verify the application of human iPS/ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes in drug safety evaluation. The main goal of the CSAHi HEART team has been to propose comprehensive screening strategies to predict a diverse range of cardiotoxicities by using recently introduced platforms (multi-electrode array (MEA), patch clamp, cellular impedance, motion field imaging [MFI], and Ca transient systems) while identifying the strengths and weaknesses of each. Our study shows that hiPS-CMs used in these platforms have pharmacological responses more relevant to humans in comparison with existent hERG, APD or Langendorff (MAPD/contraction) assays, and not only MEA but also other methods such as impedance, MFI, and Ca transient systems would offer paradigm changes of platforms for predicting drug-induced QT risk and/or arrhythmia or contractile dysfunctions. Furthermore, we propose a potential multi-parametric platform in which field potential (MEA)-Ca transient-contraction (MFI) could be evaluated simultaneously as an ideal novel platform for predicting a diversity of cardiac toxicities, namely whole effects on the excitation-contraction cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Takasuna
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Asakura
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Discovery Research Labs., Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiichi Araki
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Safety Research Department, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ando
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Safety Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Fukui, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kazusa
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitaguchi
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Discovery Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kunimatsu
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Preclinical Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinobu Suzuki
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Pharmacokinetics and Non-Clinical Safety Dept., Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Hyogo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Miyamoto
- Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Drug Evaluation Committee, Non-Clinical Evaluation Expert Committee, TF2, Japan; Consortium for Safety Assessment using Human iPS Cells (CSAHi): HEART team, Japan; Biopharmaceutical Assessments Core Function Unit Medicine Development Center Eisai Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
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Takasuna K, Asakura K, Araki S, Ando H, Kazusa K, Kitaguchi T, Kunimatsu T, Suzuki S, Miyamoto N. Comprehensive in vitro cardiac safety assessment using human stem cell technology—Overview of CSAHi HEART initiative. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.02.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Umemoto D, Tsuchiya H, Enoto T, Yamada S, Yuasa T, Kawaharada M, Kitaguchi T, Nakazawa K, Kokubun M, Kato H, Okano M, Tamagawa T, Makishima K. On-ground detection of an electron-positron annihilation line from thunderclouds. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:021201. [PMID: 26986281 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.021201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Thunderclouds can produce bremsstrahlung gamma-ray emission, and sometimes even positrons. At 00:27:00 (UT) on 13 January 2012, an intense burst of gamma rays from a thundercloud was detected by the GROWTH experiment, located in Japan, facing the Sea of Japan. The event started with a sharp gamma-ray flash with a duration of <300 ms coincident with an intracloud discharge, followed by a decaying longer gamma-ray emission lasting for ∼60 s. The spectrum of this prolonged emission reached ∼10 MeV, and contained a distinct line emission at 508±3(stat.)±5(sys.) keV, to be identified with an electron-positron annihilation line. The line was narrow within the instrumental energy resolution (∼80keV), and contained 520±50 photons which amounted to ∼10% of the total signal photons of 5340±190 detected over 0.1-10 MeV. As a result, the line equivalent width reached 280±40 keV, which implies a nontrivial result. The result suggests that a downward positron beam produced both the continuum and the line photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Umemoto
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Tsuchiya
- High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0193, Japan.,Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - T Enoto
- High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0193, Japan.,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Astrophysics Science Division, Code 662, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - S Yamada
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - T Yuasa
- High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0193, Japan
| | - M Kawaharada
- Department of Space Astronomy and Astrophysics, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Kitaguchi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - K Nakazawa
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Kokubun
- Department of Space Astronomy and Astrophysics, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Kato
- High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0193, Japan
| | - M Okano
- High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0193, Japan
| | - T Tamagawa
- High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0193, Japan
| | - K Makishima
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,MAXI Team, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0193, Japan
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Boggs SE, Harrison FA, Miyasaka H, Grefenstette BW, Zoglauer A, Fryer CL, Reynolds SP, Alexander DM, An H, Barret D, Christensen FE, Craig WW, Forster K, Giommi P, Hailey CJ, Hornstrup A, Kitaguchi T, Koglin JE, Madsen KK, Mao PH, Mori K, Perri M, Pivovaroff MJ, Puccetti S, Rana V, Stern D, Westergaard NJ, Zhang WW. 44
Ti gamma-ray emission lines from SN1987A reveal an asymmetric explosion. Science 2015; 348:670-1. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Boggs
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - F. A. Harrison
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - H. Miyasaka
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - B. W. Grefenstette
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - A. Zoglauer
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C. L. Fryer
- CCS-2, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - S. P. Reynolds
- Physics Department, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - D. M. Alexander
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - H. An
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Rutherford Physics Building, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - D. Barret
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France
- CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - F. E. Christensen
- DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - W. W. Craig
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - K. Forster
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - P. Giommi
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, Via del Politecnico snc I-00133, Roma, Italy
| | - C. J. Hailey
- Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - A. Hornstrup
- DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - T. Kitaguchi
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - J. E. Koglin
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - K. K. Madsen
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - P. H. Mao
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - K. Mori
- Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - M. Perri
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, Via del Politecnico snc I-00133, Roma, Italy
- INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via di Frascati 33, I-00040 Monteporzio, Italy
| | - M. J. Pivovaroff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - S. Puccetti
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, Via del Politecnico snc I-00133, Roma, Italy
- INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via di Frascati 33, I-00040 Monteporzio, Italy
| | - V. Rana
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - D. Stern
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - N. J. Westergaard
- DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - W. W. Zhang
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
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Wik DR, Hornstrup A, Molendi S, Madejski G, Harrison FA, Zoglauer A, Grefenstette BW, Gastaldello F, Madsen KK, Westergaard NJ, Ferreira DDM, Kitaguchi T, Pedersen K, Boggs SE, Christensen FE, Craig WW, Hailey CJ, Stern D, Zhang WW. NuSTAROBSERVATIONS OF THE BULLET CLUSTER: CONSTRAINTS ON INVERSE COMPTON EMISSION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/792/1/48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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14
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Grefenstette BW, Harrison FA, Boggs SE, Reynolds SP, Fryer CL, Madsen KK, Wik DR, Zoglauer A, Ellinger CI, Alexander DM, An H, Barret D, Christensen FE, Craig WW, Forster K, Giommi P, Hailey CJ, Hornstrup A, Kaspi VM, Kitaguchi T, Koglin JE, Mao PH, Miyasaka H, Mori K, Perri M, Pivovaroff MJ, Puccetti S, Rana V, Stern D, Westergaard NJ, Zhang WW. Asymmetries in core-collapse supernovae from maps of radioactive 44Ti in Cassiopeia A. Nature 2014; 506:339-42. [PMID: 24553239 DOI: 10.1038/nature12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetry is required by most numerical simulations of stellar core-collapse explosions, but the form it takes differs significantly among models. The spatial distribution of radioactive (44)Ti, synthesized in an exploding star near the boundary between material falling back onto the collapsing core and that ejected into the surrounding medium, directly probes the explosion asymmetries. Cassiopeia A is a young, nearby, core-collapse remnant from which (44)Ti emission has previously been detected but not imaged. Asymmetries in the explosion have been indirectly inferred from a high ratio of observed (44)Ti emission to estimated (56)Ni emission, from optical light echoes, and from jet-like features seen in the X-ray and optical ejecta. Here we report spatial maps and spectral properties of the (44)Ti in Cassiopeia A. This may explain the unexpected lack of correlation between the (44)Ti and iron X-ray emission, the latter being visible only in shock-heated material. The observed spatial distribution rules out symmetric explosions even with a high level of convective mixing, as well as highly asymmetric bipolar explosions resulting from a fast-rotating progenitor. Instead, these observations provide strong evidence for the development of low-mode convective instabilities in core-collapse supernovae.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Grefenstette
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, 1216 East California Boulevard, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F A Harrison
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, 1216 East California Boulevard, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S E Boggs
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S P Reynolds
- Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - C L Fryer
- CCS-2, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K K Madsen
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, 1216 East California Boulevard, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D R Wik
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - A Zoglauer
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C I Ellinger
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - D M Alexander
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - H An
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Rutherford Physics Building, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - D Barret
- 1] Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 9 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France [2] CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, 9 Avenue colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - F E Christensen
- DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - W W Craig
- 1] Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - K Forster
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, 1216 East California Boulevard, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Giommi
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, Via del Politecnico snc, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - C J Hailey
- Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - A Hornstrup
- DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - V M Kaspi
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Rutherford Physics Building, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - T Kitaguchi
- RIKEN, Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - J E Koglin
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P H Mao
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, 1216 East California Boulevard, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H Miyasaka
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, 1216 East California Boulevard, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Mori
- Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - M Perri
- 1] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, Via del Politecnico snc, I-00133 Roma, Italy [2] INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via di Frascati 33, I-00040 Monteporzio, Italy
| | - M J Pivovaroff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Puccetti
- 1] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, Via del Politecnico snc, I-00133 Roma, Italy [2] INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via di Frascati 33, I-00040 Monteporzio, Italy
| | - V Rana
- Cahill Center for Astrophysics, 1216 East California Boulevard, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Stern
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - N J Westergaard
- DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - W W Zhang
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
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Tsuchiya H, Enoto T, Iwata K, Yamada S, Yuasa T, Kitaguchi T, Kawaharada M, Nakazawa K, Kokubun M, Kato H, Okano M, Tamagawa T, Makishima K. Hardening and termination of long-duration γ rays detected prior to lightning. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:015001. [PMID: 23863005 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the first observation of 3-30 MeV prolonged gamma-ray emission that was abruptly terminated by lightning. The gamma-ray detection was made during winter thunderstorms on December 30, 2010, by the Gamma-Ray Observation of Winter Thunderclouds experiment carried out in a coastal area along the Sea of Japan. The gamma-ray flux lasted for less than 3 min, continuously hardening closer to the lightning occurrence. The hardening at energies of 3-10 MeV energies was most prominent. The gamma-ray flux abruptly ceased less than 800 ms before the lightning flash that occurred over 5 km away from the experimental site. In addition, we observed a clear difference in the duration of the 3-10 MeV gamma rays and those >10 MeV, suggesting that the area of >10 MeV gamma-ray emission is considerably smaller than that of the lower-energy gamma rays. This work may give a manifestation that a local region emitting prolonged gamma rays connects with a distant region to initiate lightning.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsuchiya
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
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16
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Ogra Y, Kitaguchi T, Ishiwata K, Suzuki N, Toida T, Suzuki KT. Speciation of selenomethionine metabolites in wheat germ extract. Metallomics 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b813118j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kitaguchi T, Ogra Y, Iwashita Y, Suzuki KT. Speciation of selenium in selenium-enriched seeds, buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willdenow). Eur Food Res Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-008-0866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tsuchiya H, Enoto T, Yamada S, Yuasa T, Kawaharada M, Kitaguchi T, Kokubun M, Kato H, Okano M, Nakamura S, Makishima K. Detection of high-energy gamma rays from winter thunderclouds. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:165002. [PMID: 17995261 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.165002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A report is made on a comprehensive observation of a burstlike gamma-ray emission from thunderclouds on the Sea of Japan, during strong thunderstorms on 6 January 2007. The detected emission, lasting for approximately 40 sec, preceded cloud-to-ground lightning discharges. The burst spectrum, extending to 10 MeV, can be interpreted as consisting of bremsstrahlung photons originating from relativistic electrons. This ground-based observation provides the first clear evidence that strong electric fields in thunderclouds can continuously accelerate electrons beyond 10 MeV prior to lightning discharges.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsuchiya
- Cosmic Radiation Laboratory, Riken, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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19
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Ogra Y, Kitaguchi T, Suzuki N, Suzuki KT. In vitro translation with [34S]-labeled methionine, selenomethionine, and telluromethionine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 390:45-51. [PMID: 17846751 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heteroisotope and heteroatom tagging with [(34)S]-enriched methionine (Met), selenomethionine (SeMet), and telluromethionine (TeMet) was applied to in vitro translation. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and JNK stimulatory phosphatase-1 (JSP-1) genes were translated with wheat germ extract (WGE) in the presence of Met derivatives. GFPs containing Met derivatives were subjected to HPLC coupled with treble detection, i.e., a photodiode array detector, a fluorescence detector, and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The activities of JSP-1-containing Met derivatives were also measured. GFP and JSP-1 containing [(34)S]-Met and SeMet showed comparable fluorescence intensities and enzyme activities to those containing naturally occurring Met. TeMet was unstable and decomposed in WGE, whereas SeMet was stable throughout the experimental period. Thus, although Te was the most sensitive to ICP-MS detection among S, Se, and Te, TeMet was less incorporated into the proteins than Met and SeMet. Finally, the potential of heteroisotope and heteroatom tagging of desired proteins in in vitro translation followed by ICP-MS detection was discussed. [figure: see text] TeMet was less incorporated into GFP than Met and SeMet due to its instability in WGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumitsu Ogra
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
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20
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21
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Matsubara S, Kitaguchi T. Pathological changes of the myonuclear fibrous lamina and internal nuclear membrane in two cases of autosomal dominant limb-girdle muscular dystrophy with atrioventricular conduction disturbance (LGMD1B). Acta Neuropathol 2004; 107:111-8. [PMID: 14673599 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-003-0786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2003] [Revised: 10/06/2003] [Accepted: 10/07/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the lamin A/C gene have been reported in a variety of disorders including autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and autosomal dominant limb girdle muscular dystrophy with cardiac conduction block or limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B (LGMD1B). However, how these mutations are involved in developing these diseases is not known. We examined morphological changes of the skeletal muscle in two cases of LGMD1B in a family, directing our attention to the nuclear envelope and its underlying structures where lamin A/C is located. Although conventional fluorescence microscope revealed no discernible abnormality in the distribution of emerin and lamin A/C, a serial multi-layer scanning with confocal laser scanning microscope showed an attenuated and uneven distribution of lamin A/C. Furthermore, under an electron microscope, the nuclear fibrous lamina and inner nuclear membrane were relatively indistinct compared to controls. These changes in the myonuclei may be related to pathomechanisms of the present cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matsubara
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, 2-6-1 Musashidai, Fuchu, 1830042 Tokyo, Japan.
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22
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Matsubara S, Kitaguchi T, Kawata A, Miyamoto K, Yagi H, Hirai S. Experimental allergic myositis in SJL/J mouse. Reappraisal of immune reaction based on changes after single immunization. J Neuroimmunol 2001; 119:223-30. [PMID: 11585625 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
SJL/J mice have been subjected to immunization with wide varieties of antigens to produce models of autoimmune disorders including experimental myositis. They also have a defect in dysferlin gene and spontaneously develop muscle fiber degeneration, a condition akin to limb-girdle type muscular dystrophy and Miyoshi myopathy. To know whether muscle inflammation of SJL mice after immunization with muscle fractions really represents immune-mediated myositis or no more than an epiphenomenon of muscle degeneration due to dysferlin defect, we studied immunological parameters after immunization with rabbit myosin B fraction. Initial infiltration of macrophages and CD4+ lymphocytes on day 11 was followed by increase in number of CD8+ cells. Such increase was not observed in the nontreated and adjuvant controls. Some infiltrating cells were interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) positive. Furthermore, increased expression of the signal transducers and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1) and interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) mRNA was shown in the first 2 weeks. These results indicate Th1 system activity in the muscle, rather than simple dysferlin deficiency, particularly 1-3 weeks after immunization. Thus it is concluded that an immune-mediated myositis is taking place at this stage. This model can be helpful in understanding pathomechanisms involved in the early stage of human myositides. It has also important implications concerning immune reactions associated with transplantation or gene therapy for muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matsubara
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, 2-6-1 Musashidai, Fuchu, 1830042, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kitaguchi T, Matsubara S, Sato M, Miyamoto K, Hirai S, Schwartz K, Bonne G. A missense mutation in the exon 8 of lamin A/C gene in a Japanese case of autosomal dominant limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and cardiac conduction block. Neuromuscul Disord 2001; 11:542-6. [PMID: 11525883 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(01)00207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A case of autosomal dominant limb-girdle muscular dystrophy with atrioventricular conduction block (LGMD1B) has been documented. In this family, 13 members, nine males and four females, had cardiac arrhythmia requiring pacemakers. The proband, a 67-year-old male, had longstanding proximal muscle weakness later associated with cardiac arrhythmia but showed neither rigid spine nor joint contracture. His muscle enzymes were within normal range and muscle biopsy showed myopathic changes. Gene analysis of the proband revealed Tyr481His mutation in the exon 8 of lamin A/C (LMNA) gene which is adjacent to the codon mutated in reported cases of familial partial lipodystrophy. This is the first report of muscular dystrophy shown to have a mutation of LMNA in a Japanese family as well as the first case of missense mutation in the exon 8 with LGMD1B phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kitaguchi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, 2-6-1 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-0042, Japan
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Kitaguchi T, Nakata K, Nagai T, Aruga J, Mikoshiba K. Xenopus Polycomblike 2 (XPcl2) controls anterior to posterior patterning of the neural tissue. Dev Genes Evol 2001; 211:309-14. [PMID: 11466526 DOI: 10.1007/s004270100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2000] [Accepted: 03/01/2001] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel gene, Xenopus Polycomblike 2 (XPcl2), which encodes a protein similar to Drosophila Polycomblike was cloned and characterized. Polycomblike belongs to the Polycomb group proteins, which maintain stable expression patterns for the clustered homeotic genes in the Drosophila embryo by forming multimeric complexes on chromatin. XPcl2 shows greater amino acid sequence homology to human and mouse M96 (hPcl2, mPcl2) than Xenopus Pcl1 (XPcl1), mouse Tctex3 (mPcl1) and human PHF1 (hPcl1), indicating that at least two types of Polycomblike genes are conserved between amphibians and mammals. XPcl2 mRNA is present both maternally and zygotically, and the temporal expression profile is distinct from XPcl1, another member of the Polycomblike family in Xenopus. XPcl2 is highly expressed in the anterior-dorsal region of Xenopus following the neurula stage in a manner similar to XPcl1. Overexpression of XPcl2 disturbs the development of the anterior central nervous system, eye and cement gland. In the XPcl2-overexpressing embryo, a hindbrain marker, Krox20, and a spinal cord marker, HoxB9, are expressed more posteriorly, suggesting an alteration in the anterior-posterior patterning of the neural tissue. In addition, XPcl2 represses Zic3- and noggin-induced anterior neural markers, but not neural crest markers in animal cap explants. These results indicate that XPcl2 regulates anterior neural tissue development and the anterior-posterior patterning of the neural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kitaguchi
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Abstract
Establishment of left-right (L-R) asymmetry is fundamental to vertebrate development. Several genes involved in L-R asymmetry have been described. In the Xenopus embryo, Vg1/activin signals are implicated upstream of asymmetric nodal related 1 (Xnr1) and Pitx2 expression in L-R patterning. We report here that Zic3 carries the left-sided signal from the initial activin-like signal to determinative factors such as Pitx2. Overexpression of Zic3 on the right side of the embryo altered the orientation of heart and gut looping, concomitant with disturbed laterality of expression of Xnr1 and Pitx2, both of which are normally expressed in the left lateral plate mesoderm. The results indicate that Zic3 participates in the left-sided signaling upstream of Xnr1 and Pitx2. At early gastrula, Zic3 was expressed not only in presumptive neuroectoderm but also in mesoderm. Correspondingly, overexpression of Zic3 was effective in the L-R specification at the early gastrula stage, as revealed by a hormone-inducible Zic3 construct. The Zic3 expression in the mesoderm is induced by activin (beta) or Vg1, which are also involved in the left-sided signal in L-R specification. These findings suggest that an activin-like signal is a potent upstream activator of Zic3 that establishes the L-R axis. Furthermore, overexpression of the zinc-finger domain of Zic3 on the right side is sufficient to disturb the L-R axis, while overexpression of the N-terminal domain on the left side affects the laterality. These results suggest that Zic3 has at least two functionally important domains that play different roles and provide a molecular basis for human heterotaxy, which is an L-R pattern anomaly caused by a mutation in human ZIC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kitaguchi
- Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. jp
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Matsubara S, Mizuno Y, Kitaguchi T, Isozaki E, Miyamoto K, Hirai S. Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy: close relation between changes in the muscle basal lamina and plasma membrane. Neuromuscul Disord 1999; 9:388-98. [PMID: 10545042 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(99)00049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent advance in genetic study of Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), the mechanism of muscle degeneration in the disease remains unclear. To clarify it, muscle biopsies from six cases of FCMD were subjected to immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. On the muscle cell surface, decreased expression of laminin alpha2 subunit was seen along with aberrant expression of laminin alpha5 and neural cell adhesion molecule. Electron microscopy revealed breach of muscle basal lamina. The electron density of plasma membrane was significantly lower at the places without identifiable basal lamina. Thus in FCMD changes of laminin and other proteins on the cell surface involve a process common to developing muscles, and loss of normal structure of the basal lamina is closely associated with changes of the plasma membrane. This suggests that the primary cause of FCMD is related to formation and maintenance of the basal lamina.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matsubara
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Fuchu, Japan.
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Kitaguchi T, Murata M, Iijima K, Kamide K, Imagawa T, Ikeda Y. Characterization of liposomes carrying von Willebrand factor-binding domain of platelet glycoprotein Ibalpha: a potential substitute for platelet transfusion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 261:784-9. [PMID: 10441502 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib/IX/V complex is a receptor for von Willebrand factor (vWf), which plays a crucial role in primary hemostasis by mediating platelet adhesion to injured blood vessels. We have expressed in CHO cells a fragment of GPIba that retained a vWf-binding function. The recombinant fragment (rGPIba) was incorporated into liposomes and evaluated their functions in vitro. rGPIba on the liposome surface was detectable by flow cytometric analysis. Addition of vWf and ristocetin caused specific agglutination of rGPIbalpha-liposomes, as evaluated by an aggregometer or a fluorescent microscopy. When ristocetin was added to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) pre-mixed with rhodamine-labeled rGPIbalpha-liposomes, platelets aggregated and rhodamine-fluorescence was strongly positive in the platelet thrombi, suggesting that heterologous aggregation (attachment of liposomes to platelets) occurred. Platelet aggregation in PRP at low platelet concentration (20-80 x 10(6)/ml) was enhanced by rGPIbalpha-liposomes in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, rGPIbalpha-liposomes may accumulate on vWf-exposed subendothelial tissues and enhance platelet function in vivo, supporting hemostasis in thrombocytopenic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kitaguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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Matsubara S, Kitaguchi T, Isozaki E, Miyamoto K, Hirai S. Changes in the cytoskeletal proteins, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and capillaries in acute relaxant-steroid myopathy (ARSM) in contrast to the corticosteroid myopathy. Acta Neuropathol 1999; 97:515-9. [PMID: 10334490 DOI: 10.1007/s004010051022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Since we reported a case of acute relaxant-steroid myopathy (ARSM) in 1994, we continued histological studies and compared the findings with those in a case of corticosteroid myopathy (CM). It was revealed that (1) dystrophin, spectrin, beta dystroglycan, and sarcoglycans on the cell surface were decreased, (2) regular arrangement of the sarcoplasmic reticulum was lost, and (3) some capillaries were degenerated. Since none of these changes were seen in CM, it became clear that ARSM is different from CM. It was estimated that continuous administration of non-depolarizing muscle relaxant produces a state akin to denervation. Combination of denervation, immobilization and circulatory disturbance in ARSM not only augments the effects of corticosteroids, but they produce changes different from CM, namely impairment of the cell membrane system (both internal and external) and capillary degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matsubara
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Fuchu, Japan.
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Abstract
Glycoprotein (GP) IX is a platelet membrane 20 kD protein, which is associated with GPIbalpha, GPIb beta, and GPV to form GPIb/IX/V complex. GPIb/IX/V complex is a major receptor for von Willebrand factor, which mediates platelet adhesion and aggregation under high shear stress conditions. The relevance of this receptor for hemostasis has been implicated by a congenital bleeding disorder lacking the receptor, Bernard-Soulier syndrome. All subunits for the human receptor have been cloned and characterized. However, the function of GPIX is still elusive. To obtain further information of GPIX, we have determined a cDNA sequence of mouse GPIX (811 bp). The deduced amino-acid sequence (177aa) was 71% identical to the human GPIX protein. All cysteine residues in extracytoplasmic domain and putative N-linked glycosylation site (Asn44) were conserved. Mouse GPIX contained a leucine-rich glycoprotein sequence composed of 24 amino acids, as did human GPIX.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kitaguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Sugisaka M, Motomura S, Kitaguchi T, Furuta T, Eguchi H. Hardware-based neural identification: Linear dynamical systems. Artificial Life and Robotics 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02471131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Abstract
Platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib/IX/V complex is a major receptor for von Willebrand factor (vWF), which mediates platelet adhesion and aggregation under high shear stress conditions. It is composed of GPIb alpha, GPIb beta, GPIX, and GPV. All subunits for the human receptor have been cloned and characterized. However, the function of GPIb beta is still elusive. To obtain further information of GPIb beta, we have determined the genomic sequence of mouse GPIb beta (1466 bp). The deduced amino acid sequence (206aa) was 88% identical to the human GPIb beta protein. All cysteine residues, putative N-linked glycosylation site (Asn41), and putative phosphorylation site (Ser166) were conserved. The promoter region contained putative GATA and ets binding motif implicated in megakaryocytic expression. Mouse GPIb beta also contained a leucine-rich glycoprotein (LRG) sequence of 24 amino acids same as human GPIb beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kitaguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Moriki T, Murata M, Kitaguchi T, Anbo H, Handa M, Watanabe K, Takahashi H, Ikeda Y. Expression and functional characterization of an abnormal platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib alpha (Met239 --> Val) reported in patients with platelet-type von Willebrand disease. Blood 1997; 90:698-705. [PMID: 9226170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-type von Willebrand disease (vWD) is a congenital bleeding disorder characterized by heightened ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation caused by abnormally high affinity between the platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib/IX complex and von Willebrand factor (vWF). Two distinct point mutations, Gly233 to Val and Met239 to Val, have been reported in GPIb alpha. We have constructed a recombinant GPIb alpha fragment containing the latter mutation, Met239 to Val (M239V) and characterized the mutant molecule using two methods, ie, interaction between soluble vWF and immobilized M239V and inhibition of platelet aggregation by purified soluble M239V. Spontaneous binding (ie, binding without any inducers) was observed between 125I-vWF and immobilized M239V but not between 125I-vWF and immobilized wild-type (WT) GPIb alpha. The addition of low concentrations of ristocetin (0.2 mg/mL) induced specific 125I-vWF binding to immobilized M239V, but not to WT GPIb alpha. At high concentrations of ristocetin (1.2 mg/mL), both WT GPIb alpha and M239V specifically bound to 125I-vWF. Thus, M239V reproduced the unique functional abnormality of the GPIb/IX complex in platelet-type vWD. Moreover, the purified soluble M239V inhibited platelet aggregation induced by low concentration of ristocetin (0.3 mg/mL) in platelet-rich plasma from a patient having Met239 to Val mutation, whereas purified WT did not. These results provide direct evidences that the reported point mutation is the responsible molecular basis of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Moriki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Blood Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Iijima K, Murata M, Nakamura K, Kitaguchi T, Handa M, Watanabe K, Fujimura Y, Yoshioka A, Ikeda Y. High shear stress attenuates agonist-induced, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa-mediated platelet aggregation when von Willebrand factor binding to glycoprotein Ib/IX is blocked. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 233:796-800. [PMID: 9168936 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
High shear stress facilitates von Willebrand factor (vWF) binding to platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib/IX, causing activation of GPIIb/IIIa to induce platelet aggregation. Here we report that activated GPIIb/IIIa, even occupied by ligands, is not sufficient to mediate platelet aggregation under high shear stress conditions when vWF binding to GPIb/IX is blocked. Platelet rich plasma or washed platelet suspension supplemented with purified human fibrinogen at a concentration of 2 mg/mL were treated with an anti-vWF monoclonal antibody NMC-4 which blocks the binding of vWF to GPIb/IX. After addition of 10 mumol/L ADP, aggregation was continuously monitored under various shear stress conditions (0-108 dyne/cm2) using a cone-plate type aggregometer previously described (Ikeda Y et al J Clin Invest 1991; 87:1234). The extent of maximal aggregation of agonist-stimulated platelets in the presence of NMC-4 correlated inversely with the level of shear stress applied, with the virtual absence of aggregation at 108 dyne/cm2. Once aggregated by 10 mumol/L ADP under low shear stress (12 dyne/cm2), platelets could be disaggregated, in part, by the application of high shear stress (108 dyne/cm2), and reaggregated when shear stress was returned to 12 dyne/cm2. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that platelets stimulated with 10 mumol/L ADP at 108 dyne/cm2 bound fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled fibrinogen, although aggregation was absent in this experimental condition. These results demonstrate the dual effect of shear stress on platelet functions; a pro-aggregating activity that induces vWF-GPIb/IX interaction leading to platelet activation, and an anti-aggregating force to prevent the growth of platelet thrombi. It is suggested that the efficacy of vWF blockade is greater under high shear than low shear stress conditions, and that a selective inhibition of platelet functions can be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Iijima
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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34
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Kitaguchi T, Murata M, Ikeda Y. [Establishment and characterization of transgenic mice expressing human platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha]. Rinsho Byori 1997; Suppl 104:51-59. [PMID: 9128365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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35
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Abstract
Mice that have recovered from a primary infection with Plasmodium chabaudi have been shown to resist a secondary infection. In the present study the authors investigated how natural killer (NK) cells were involved in this resistance. Spleen cells from P. chabaudiprimed C57BL/6 mice could transfer protection against P. chabaudi infection into naive syngeneic mice, but spleen cells from unprimed mice could not. T-enriched cells purified from primed spleen cells could also transfer such protection. Transfer of NK cells from primed spleen cells failed to protect against challenge infection. However, depletion of NK cells in host mice by injection of an anti-NK1.1 monoclonal antibody resulted in higher mortality relative to controls. The possible protective roles of NK cells in P. chabaudi infection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kitaguchi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Japan
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36
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Kitaguchi T, Murata M, Kuramochi T, Kobayashi K, Ito M, Ueyama Y, Nomura T, Hikichi K, Miyakawa Y, Handa M, Hiraoka Y, Aiso S, Ikeda Y. Establishment and characterization of transgenic mice expressing human platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 220:418-24. [PMID: 8645320 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib/IX/V is a hetero-oligomeric receptor complex for von Willebrand factor (vWF) and mediates platelet adhesion and aggregation under high shear stress conditions. It is composed of alpha and beta chain of GP Ib, GP IX, AND and GP V. To establish transgenic mice carrying human GP Ib alpha, we injected into mouse zygotes a 6 kb DNA fragment containing human GP Ib alpha gene that included entire coding sequence and putative promoter region. One hundred and thirteen offsprings were screened, and only one was found to express human GP Ib alpha protein and has passed the human GP Ib alpha gene as well as the expression of the gene to next generation. The expression of human GP Ib alpha in transgenic mice was limited to platelets and megakaryocytes. Glycocalicin, a proteolytic fragment of human GP Ib alpha found in normal human plasma, was not detected in transgenic mouse plasma. Human vWF in the presence of ristocetin supported agglutination of transgenic mouse platelets, but not of control mouse platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kitaguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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37
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Abstract
We studied the in vitro neurite outgrowth activity of fibronectin, laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, type I collagen, type IV collagen, and type VIII collagen in cholinergic neuronal cell lines and primary cultured neurons. All these substances had high neurite promoting activity on primary cultured neurons from embryonic mouse brain. However, collagens had no such an effect on primary cultured neurons from postnatal brain. When neuronal cell lines were used, collagens and other extracellular matrix substances were equally and highly effective on cells originated from embryonic brain, but collagens were less effective on cells from postnatal brain. These findings suggest that postnatal neurons lose the neuritic responsiveness to collagens earlier than that of other ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hirose
- Division of Demyelinating Disease and Aging, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Kodaira, Japan
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38
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Kitai N, Takada K, Yasuda Y, Adachi S, Hirase E, Kitaguchi T, Sakuda M. [Prevalence of malocclusions and demand for orthodontic treatment among students at a women's high school]. Osaka Daigaku Shigaku Zasshi 1990; 35:321-7. [PMID: 2135410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prevalences of malocclusions were investigated in a sample of 3,520 girls recorded between 1984 and 1986 at a private high school. Also, proportions of students who had received and were under treatment were surveyed for 3,501 students in 1989. In addition, ratios of a number of those who were judged to reveal maxillary protrusion with respect to that of the whole sample examined were evaluated as a function of overjet. The results of the surveys are as follows. SURVEY I) A total prevalence of malocclusion was 57.9% in the Grade 7 (G7) and 56.4% in the Grade 10 (G10). Among malocclusions surveyed, maxillary protrusion was found in 8.1% of the G7 and in 7.8% of the G10. Deep overbite was determined in 7.9% of the G7 and in 7.6% of the G10, mandibular protrusion was found in 2.4% of the G7 and in 2.7% of the G10. Edge-to-edge incisor relationships were determined in 6.4% of the G7 and in 7.6% of the G10. Anterior open bite was found in 2.4% of the G7 and in 2.9% of the G10. Crowding was found in 37.3% of the G7 and in 33.9% of the G10. SURVEY II) Prevalence of students who had orthodontic treatment at the time of survey, was 6.4% in the G7, 7.0% in the G8, 6.0% in the G9, 6.0% in the G10, 5.4% in the G11, and 3.6% in the G12. Those who had had orthodontic treatment revealed proportions of 8.1% in the G7, 8.0% in the G8, 7.7% in the G9, 11.3% in the G10, 12.2% in the G11, and 13.7% in the G12 students. SURVEY III) A proportion of 73.5% of those who had overjets more than 6 mm were judged to have maxillary protrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kitai
- Department of Orthodontics, Osaka University Faculty of Dentistry, Japan
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Kitaguchi T, Wisniewski KE, Maslinski S, Maslinska D, Wisniewski TM, Kim KS. Beta-protein immunoreactivity in brains of patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: ultrastructural and biochemical demonstration. Neurosci Lett 1990; 112:155-60. [PMID: 2193254 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(90)90195-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The storage pigment in neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) has a close similarity to age pigment lipofuscin. We studied immunoreactivity of isolated neuronal pigments from the juvenile form of NCL and aging control, using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against amyloid beta-protein. Ultrastructural localization of the immunoreactivity demonstrated that in NCL the epitopes are distributed mainly in curvilinear multilamellar arrays of the storage pigments and less in fingerprint profiles, while in aging control they are more homogeneously distributed on age pigment lipofuscin. The different distribution of the epitopes may reflect some catabolic as well as morphologic differences in lysosomes. A unique 31-kDa polypeptide detected on Western blots in NCL possibly derives from the same precursor, amyloid beta-protein precursor (ABPP). ABPP processing may be aberrant in NCL brains, and this can be detected as a 31-kDa polypeptide reactive with the mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kitaguchi
- New York State Office of Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, Department of Pathological Neurobiology, State Island 10314
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Wisniewski KE, Maslinska D, Kitaguchi T, Kim KS, Goebel HH, Haltia M. Topographic heterogeneity of amyloid B-protein epitopes in brains with various forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses suggesting defective processing of amyloid precursor protein. Acta Neuropathol 1990; 80:26-34. [PMID: 1694383 DOI: 10.1007/bf00294218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To verify our hypothesis of defective protease inhibitor domains that are encoded by abnormal processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in brains of patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL), immunohistochemical and cytochemical studies were performed with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against various domains of APP. For the studies, 22 autopsy brains were used: 12 with different forms of NCL, and 10 control brains. The staining procedure for the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) technique and the postembedding gold-labelled procedure for electron microscopy (EM) were employed. Of all mAbs used for the study, only mAbs generated against amyloid B-protein bound to neural tissue were affected with NCL. The strongest immunostaining of neurons and of some reactive glial cells was found in brains with the juvenile form of NCL. Only in the infantile form of the disease were some neurons overloaded with storage material weakly immunoreactive. In brains of patients with the adult form of NCL, immunoreactivity was found in affected neurons and in extracellularly deposited material of senile plaques. The results of EM study showed that the immunoreactivity was restricted to lysosomal cytosomes in neural tissue with any form of NCL selectively localized on the curvilinear and fingerprint proteinaceous component of ceroid lipofuscin. Studies performed on control aging brains and Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains confirmed previous observations of immunoreactivity being found diffusely in the protein component of some neurons containing lipopigment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Wisniewski
- New York State Office of Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, Institute for Basic Research, Staten Island 10314
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Taniwaki T, Kira J, Kitaguchi T, Goto I, Sugiyama N. [A female case of carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1989; 29:382-4. [PMID: 2752669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A 17-year old woman noted myalgia after taking a long distance walk at the age of 10. In adolescence, she had several episodes of myalgia and pigmenturia after athletic activity or infection. At age 17, myoglobinuria and abnormally increased serum creatine kinase were documented after one of these episodes. The neurological examination revealed mild proximal muscle weakness of upper extremities. Electromyography showed myogenic patterns, such as brief, small abundant potentials on them. Venous lactate was raised normally on the ischemic exercise test. During prolonged fasting, plasma ketone bodies increased normally but there were abnormal elevations of plasma creatine kinase and myoglobin. Morphometric analysis of electron microscopy in muscle showed few lipid deposits and that of light microscopy revealed no abnormality. CPT activity in muscle was only 15% of normal value by the isotope-exchange assay. These results were consistent with the diagnosis of CPT deficiency. Although several cases of CPT deficiency with recurrent myoglobinuria have been reported in Western countries, our patients is the first case of Japanese showing recurrent myoglobinuria. CPT deficiency should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of recurrent myoglobinuria.
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Nishida Y, Kobayashi T, Machi M, Yamada T, Kitaguchi T, Oda K, Goto I. Congenital myopathy with myasthenic features and congenital cataract in two siblings. J Neurol 1989; 236:161-3. [PMID: 2709065 DOI: 10.1007/bf00314333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Two siblings with congenital myopathy showing myasthenic manifestations together with congenital cataract are reported. Their muscle weakness fluctuated and was alleviated by edrophonium chloride. Their serum creatine kinase activity was elevated, and the waning phenomenon was observed on repetitive nerve stimulation. Biopsied muscle showed degenerative changes with type 1 fibre predominance and abnormal morphology of neuromuscular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Japan
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43
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Minato S, Kobayashi T, Tanaka K, Kitaguchi T, Goto I. [Adult Pompe disease with normal acid alpha-glucosidase activity in leukocytes]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1988; 28:413-6. [PMID: 3063423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
We carried out magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies on human brains which had been fixed in formalin solution for over 2 years and had been proven neuropathologically to be cases of multiple sclerosis (MS), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), and Balo's concentric sclerosis (Balo). Using spin echo (SE) and inversion recovery (IR) pulse sequences to detect demyelinated lesions in a living person with MS, the demyelinated lesions of the fixed brains in cases of MS, PML and Balo definitely re-appeared, although T1 and T2 in the gray and white matter were reduced following fixation. High signal areas on the SE images corresponded not only to the characteristic distribution of demyelinated lesions in the white matter but also to sparse myelin, gliosis and mild perivascular cuffing in the white matter around the demyelinated foci in cases of the fixed MS, PML and Balo brains. On the IR images, only MS plaques were evident. This MRI study of fixed brains proved useful to elucidate clinicopathological correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nagara
- Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Kitaguchi T, Kobayashi T, Tobimatsu S, Goto I, Kuroiwa Y. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in a young patient with Wernicke's encephalopathy. J Neurol 1987; 234:449-50. [PMID: 3655853 DOI: 10.1007/bf00314099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
A Japanese girl showed deterioration in development from the age of 13 months. At the age of 16 months, there were mild spastic diplegia, increase in cerebrospinal fluid protein to 61.5 mg/dl and deficient galactosylceramidase I. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a high signal intensity with increased T2 in the centrum semiovale. Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) showed a prolonged N13-N20 interpeak latency followed by abolition of N20. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were normally followed by prolonged interpeak latencies of wave I-V. This may be the first report of what we consider to be the late infantile form of Krabbe disease with MRI and evoked potential examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kurokawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Oku Y, Nakazawa M, Hatakeyama S, Miyaji S, Kitaguchi T, Cabrera-Lopez CA, Okamoto M, Kamiya M, Ohbayashi M, Ooi HK. A survey of abomasal and duodenal nematodes in cattle in Hokkaido, Japan. Jpn J Vet Res 1987; 35:67-72. [PMID: 3626236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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48
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Shinoda H, Kitaguchi T, Kobayashi T, Goto I, Kuroiwa Y. [A case of peroneal muscular atrophy with cerebellar ataxia, pyramidal signs and loss of deep sensations]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1987; 27:356-9. [PMID: 3608327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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49
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Ochiai J, Tobimatsu S, Kobayashi T, Kitamoto T, Kitaguchi T, Furuya H, Goto I, Kuroiwa Y. Nonfamilial prealbumin-type amyloid polyneuropathy. Arch Neurol 1986; 43:1294-5. [PMID: 3022697 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1986.00520120070021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A 53-year-old man with nonfamilial prealbumin-type amyloid polyneuropathy had severe motor, sensory, and autonomic polyneuropathy, beginning at age 48 years. These clinical features closely resembled familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), but abnormal serum prealbumin levels, specific to FAP (Japanese type), were not detected by radioimmunoassay; DNA sequence for prealbumin was normal. Thus, the diagnosis of FAP was excluded. A possible diagnosis of systemic senile amyloidosis was also considered.
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50
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Kobayashi T, Noda S, Umezaki H, Goto I, Suzuki S, Kitaguchi T, Kuroiwa Y. Familial spinocerebellar degeneration as an expression of adrenoleukodystrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986; 49:1438-40. [PMID: 3468205 PMCID: PMC1029132 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.49.12.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A family with adrenoleukodystrophy and clinical manifestations of spinocerebellar degeneration was studied. Two adult male first cousins showed progressive limb and truncal ataxia, slurred speech and spasticity of the extremities. Brain CT scans demonstrated atrophy of the pons and cerebellum, in both cases. Very long chain fatty acids in plasma and erythrocyte membranes were elevated in the affected patients and intermediately increased in an aunt and the mother of one patient, thereby indicating homozygotes and carriers of adrenoleukodystrophy, respectively. This unusual type of adrenoleukodystrophy seems to be transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait.
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