51
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Wang Y, Lee PS, Chen YF, Ho CT, Pan MH. Suppression of Adipogenesis by 5-Hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-Hexamethoxyflavone from Orange Peel in 3T3-L1 Cells. J Med Food 2016; 19:830-5. [PMID: 27542074 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported previously that hydroxylated polymethoxyflavones (HPMFs) effectively suppressed obesity in high-fat-induced mouse. In this study, we further investigated the molecular mechanism of action of 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone (5-OH-HxMF), one of major HPMFs in orange peel. Treatment of 5-OH-HxMF effectively inhibited lipid accumulation by 55-60% in a dose-dependent manner. The 5-OH-HxMF attenuated adipogenesis through downregulating adipogenesis-related transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs), as well as downstream target fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). 5-OH-HxMF activated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling and silent mating type information regulation 1 (SIRTUIN 1 or SIRT1) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes to decrease lipid accumulation. In addition, the inhibition rate of lipid accumulation was compared between 5-OH-HxMF and 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone (HpMF). 5-OH-HxMF inhibited lipid accumulation 15-20% more than HpMF did, indicating that hydroxyl group at position 5 can be a key factor in the suppression of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- 1 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida , Lake Alfred, Florida, USA
| | - Pei-Sheng Lee
- 2 Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fen Chen
- 2 Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- 3 Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- 2 Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan .,4 Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University , Hubei, China .,5 Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan .,6 Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung, Taiwan
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52
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Önder Ö, Sidoli S, Carroll M, Garcia BA. Progress in epigenetic histone modification analysis by mass spectrometry for clinical investigations. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 12:499-517. [PMID: 26400466 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2015.1084231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin biology and epigenetics are scientific fields that are rapid expanding due to their fundamental role in understanding cell development, heritable characters and progression of diseases. Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) are major regulators of the epigenetic machinery due to their ability to modulate gene expression, DNA repair and chromosome condensation. Large-scale strategies based on mass spectrometry have been impressively improved in the last decade, so that global changes of histone PTM abundances are quantifiable with nearly routine proteomics analyses and it is now possible to determine combinatorial patterns of modifications. Presented here is an overview of the most utilized and newly developed proteomics strategies for histone PTM characterization and a number of case studies where epigenetic mechanisms have been comprehensively characterized. Moreover, a number of current epigenetic therapies are illustrated, with an emphasis on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Önder
- a 1 Division of Hematology and Oncology, Philadelphia, 19104, USA.,b 2 Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- b 2 Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Martin Carroll
- a 1 Division of Hematology and Oncology, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- b 2 Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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53
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Mitochondrial function in hypoxic ischemic injury and influence of aging. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 157:92-116. [PMID: 27321753 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are a major target in hypoxic/ischemic injury. Mitochondrial impairment increases with age leading to dysregulation of molecular pathways linked to mitochondria. The perturbation of mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular energetics worsens outcome following hypoxic-ischemic insults in elderly individuals. In response to acute injury conditions, cellular machinery relies on rapid adaptations by modulating posttranslational modifications. Therefore, post-translational regulation of molecular mediators such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator α (PGC-1α), c-MYC, SIRT1 and AMPK play a critical role in the control of the glycolytic-mitochondrial energy axis in response to hypoxic-ischemic conditions. The deficiency of oxygen and nutrients leads to decreased energetic reliance on mitochondria, promoting glycolysis. The combination of pseudohypoxia, declining autophagy, and dysregulation of stress responses with aging adds to impaired host response to hypoxic-ischemic injury. Furthermore, intermitochondrial signal propagation and tissue wide oscillations in mitochondrial metabolism in response to oxidative stress are emerging as vital to cellular energetics. Recently reported intercellular transport of mitochondria through tunneling nanotubes also play a role in the response to and treatments for ischemic injury. In this review we attempt to provide an overview of some of the molecular mechanisms and potential therapies involved in the alteration of cellular energetics with aging and injury with a neurobiological perspective.
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Franceschelli S, Pesce M, Ferrone A, Patruno A, Pasqualone L, Carlucci G, Ferrone V, Carlucci M, de Lutiis MA, Grilli A, Felaco M, Speranza L. A Novel Biological Role of α-Mangostin in Modulating Inflammatory Response Through the Activation of SIRT-1 Signaling Pathway. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2439-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Franceschelli
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Medicine and Health Science School University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Alessio Ferrone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Livia Pasqualone
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | | | | | - Maura Carlucci
- Department of Pharmacy; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Maria Anna de Lutiis
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- Medicine and Health Science School University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Mario Felaco
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging; University G. D'Annunzio; Chieti Italy
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55
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Poole A, Kacer D, Cooper E, Tarantini F, Prudovsky I. Sustained Inhibition of Proliferative Response After Transient FGF Stimulation Is Mediated by Interleukin 1 Signaling. J Cell Physiol 2016. [PMID: 26218437 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transient FGF stimulation of various cell types results in FGF memory--a sustained blockage of efficient proliferative response to FGF and other growth factors. FGF memory establishment requires HDAC activity, indicating its epigenetic character. FGF treatment stimulates proinflammatory NFκB signaling, which is also critical for FGF memory formation. The search for FGF-induced mediators of FGF memory revealed that FGF stimulates HDAC-dependent expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL1α. Similarly to FGF, transient cell treatment with recombinant IL1α inhibits the proliferative response to further FGF and EGF stimulation, but does not prevent FGF receptor-mediated signaling. Interestingly, like cells pretreated with FGF1, cells pretreated with IL1α exhibit enhanced restructuring of actin cytoskeleton and increased migration in response to FGF stimulation. IRAP, a specific inhibitor of IL 1 receptor, and a neutralizing anti-IL1α antibody prevent the formation of FGF memory and rescue an efficient proliferative response to FGF restimulation. A similar effect results following treatment with the anti-inflammatory agents aspirin and dexamethasone. Thus, FGF memory is mediated by proinflammatory IL1 signaling. It may play a role in the limitation of proliferative response to tissue damage and prevention of wound-induced hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Poole
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Maine
| | - Doreen Kacer
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Maine
| | - Emily Cooper
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Maine
| | - Francesca Tarantini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Research Unit of Medicine of Ageing, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Igor Prudovsky
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Maine
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56
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Ma W, Xiao GG, Mao J, Lu Y, Song B, Wang L, Fan S, Fan P, Hou Z, Li J, Yu X, Wang B, Wang H, Wang H, Xu F, Li Y, Liu Q, Li L. Dysregulation of the miR-34a-SIRT1 axis inhibits breast cancer stemness. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10432-44. [PMID: 25826085 PMCID: PMC4496365 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enforced expression of miR-34a eliminates cancer stem cells in some malignant tumors. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is a direct target of miR-34a. Here we found low levels of miR-34a and high levels of SIRT1 in CD44+/CD24− breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). MiR-34a overexpression and knockdown of SIRT1 decreased proportion of BSCSs and mammosphere formation. Expression of CSC markers, ALDH1, BMI1 and Nanog was decreased. In nude mice xenografts, stable expression of miR-34a and silencing of SIRT1 reduced tumor burden. Taken together, our results demonstrated that miR-34a inhibits proliferative potential of BCSCs in vitro and in vivo, at least partially by downregulating SIRT1. The miR-34a-SIRT1 axis may play role in self-renewal of BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,Department of Human Anatomy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Gary Guishan Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.,Genomics and Functional Proteomics Laboratories, Departments of Medicine and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University Medical Center, NE 68131, USA
| | - Jun Mao
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumor Stem Cell Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Shujun Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Stem Cell Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Panhong Fan
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhenhuan Hou
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jiazhi Li
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaotang Yu
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Huan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Stem Cell Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Honghai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lianhong Li
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumor Stem Cell Research of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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57
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Acetylation of lysine 109 modulates pregnane X receptor DNA binding and transcriptional activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:1155-1169. [PMID: 26855179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a major transcriptional regulator of xenobiotic metabolism and transport pathways in the liver and intestines, which are critical for protecting organisms against potentially harmful xenobiotic and endobiotic compounds. Inadvertent activation of drug metabolism pathways through PXR is known to contribute to drug resistance, adverse drug-drug interactions, and drug toxicity in humans. In both humans and rodents, PXR has been implicated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Because of PXR's important functions, it has been a therapeutic target of interest for a long time. More recent mechanistic studies have shown that PXR is modulated by multiple PTMs. Herein we provide the first investigation of the role of acetylation in modulating PXR activity. Through LC-MS/MS analysis, we identified lysine 109 (K109) in the hinge as PXR's major acetylation site. Using various biochemical and cell-based assays, we show that PXR's acetylation status and transcriptional activity are modulated by E1A binding protein (p300) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Based on analysis of acetylation site mutants, we found that acetylation at K109 represses PXR transcriptional activity. The mechanism involves loss of RXRα dimerization and reduced binding to cognate DNA response elements. This mechanism may represent a promising therapeutic target using modulators of PXR acetylation levels. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Xenobiotic nuclear receptors: New Tricks for An Old Dog, edited by Dr. Wen Xie.
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58
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Lo Iacono L, Visco-Comandini F, Valzania A, Viscomi MT, Coviello M, Giampà A, Roscini L, Bisicchia E, Siracusano A, Troisi A, Puglisi-Allegra S, Carola V. Adversity in childhood and depression: linked through SIRT1. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e629. [PMID: 26327687 PMCID: PMC5068813 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiencing an adverse childhood and parental neglect is a risk factor for depression in the adult population. Patients with a history of traumatic childhood develop a subtype of depression that is characterized by earlier onset, poor treatment response and more severe symptoms. The long-lasting molecular mechanisms that are engaged during early traumatic events and determine the risk for depression are poorly understood. In this study, we altered adult depression-like behavior in mice by applying juvenile isolation stress. We found that this behavioral phenotype was associated with a reduction in the levels of the deacetylase sirtuin1 (SIRT1) in the brain and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Notably, peripheral blood mRNA expression of SIRT1 predicted the extent of behavioral despair only when depression-like behavior was induced by juvenile--but not adult--stress, implicating SIRT1 in the regulation of adult behavior at early ages. Consistent with this hypothesis, pharmacological modulation of SIRT1 during juvenile age altered the depression-like behavior in naive mice. We also performed a pilot study in humans, in which the blood levels of SIRT1 correlated significantly with the severity of symptoms in major depression patients, especially in those who received less parental care during childhood. On the basis of these novel findings, we propose the involvement of SIRT1 in the long-term consequences of adverse childhood experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lo Iacono
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - F Visco-Comandini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza,' Rome, Italy
| | - A Valzania
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - M T Viscomi
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - M Coviello
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - A Giampà
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - L Roscini
- Department of Psychology and ‘Daniel Bovet' Center, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza,' Rome, Italy
| | - E Bisicchia
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - A Siracusano
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - A Troisi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - S Puglisi-Allegra
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy,Department of Psychology and ‘Daniel Bovet' Center, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza,' Rome, Italy
| | - V Carola
- Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy,Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Fosso del Fiorano 63, Rome 00143, Italy. E-mail:
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59
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Poulose N, Raju R. Sirtuin regulation in aging and injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2442-55. [PMID: 26303641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins or Sir2 family of proteins are a class of NAD(+) dependent protein deacetylases which are evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to humans. Some sirtuins also exhibit mono-ADP ribosyl transferase, demalonylation and desuccinylation activities. Originally identified in the yeast, these proteins regulate key cellular processes like cell cycle, apoptosis, metabolic regulation and inflammation. Humans encode seven sirtuin isoforms SIRT1-SIRT7 with varying intracellular distribution. Apart from their classic role as histone deacetylases regulating transcription, a number of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial targets of sirtuins have also been identified. Sirtuins have been implicated in longevity and accumulating evidence indicate their role in a spectrum of diseases like cancer, diabetes, obesity and neurodegenerative diseases. A number of studies have reported profound changes in SIRT1 expression and activity linked to mitochondrial functional alterations following hypoxic-ischemic conditions and following reoxygenation injury. The SIRT1 mediated deacetylation of targets such as PGC-1α, FOXO3, p53 and NF-κb has profound effect on mitochondrial function, apoptosis and inflammation. These biological processes and functions are critical in life-span determination and outcome following injury. Aging is reported to be characterized by declining SIRT1 activity, and its increased expression or activation demonstrated prolonged life-span in lower forms of animals. A pseudohypoxic state due to declining NAD(+) has also been implicated in aging. In this review we provide an overview of studies on the role of sirtuins in aging and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninu Poulose
- Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Raghavan Raju
- Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
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60
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Chiu CW, Chen HM, Wu TT, Shih YC, Huang KK, Tsai YF, Hsu YL, Chen SF. Differential proteomics of monosodium urate crystals-induced inflammatory response in dissected murine air pouch membranes by iTRAQ technology. Proteomics 2015. [PMID: 26205848 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The precipitation of monosodium urate crystals within joints triggers an acute inflammatory reaction that is the root cause of gout. The inflammation induced by the injection of MSU crystals into the murine air pouch for 1, 3, and 5 h was examined by iTRAQ-based proteomic profiling. The iTRAQ-labeled peptides were fractionated by SCX, basic-RP or solution-IEF, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. A total of 951 proteins were quantified from the total combined fractions. Among them, 317 proteins exhibited a differential expression, compared to that of the controls at one time point or more. The majority of the differentially expressed proteins were found in the sample after a 5-h MSU treatment. Western blot revealed that the expression levels of cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide and S100A9 were positively correlated with the time-course treated with MSU. Further analysis of GeneGO pathway demonstrated that these differentially expressed proteins are primarily related to the immune-related complement system and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Moreover, seven genes from the TCA cycle were found to be significantly downregulated at the transcriptional level and its correlation with gout and possible therapeutic applications are worth further investigation. Last, we found that pyruvate carboxylation could be potential targets for antigout treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Han-Min Chen
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Ta Wu
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chu Shih
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Kuei Huang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Fei Tsai
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Hsu
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Fang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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61
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Rafacho BPM, Stice CP, Liu C, Greenberg AS, Ausman LM, Wang XD. Inhibition of diethylnitrosamine-initiated alcohol-promoted hepatic inflammation and precancerous lesions by flavonoid luteolin is associated with increased sirtuin 1 activity in mice. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2015; 4:124-34. [PMID: 26005679 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.08.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption is an established risk for hepatic inflammation and carcinogenesis. Luteolin is one of the most common flavonoids present in plants and has potential beneficial effects against cancer. In this study, we examined the effect and potential mechanisms of luteolin supplementation in a carcinogen initiated alcohol-promoted pre-neoplastic liver lesion mouse model. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) [i.p. 25 mg/kg of body weight (BW)] at 14 days of age. At 8 weeks of age mice were group pair-fed with Lieber-DeCarli liquid control diet or alcoholic diet [ethanol (EtOH) diet, 27% total energy from ethanol] and supplemented with a dose of 30 mg luteolin/kg BW per day for 21 days. RESULTS DEN-injected mice fed EtOH diet displayed a significant induction of pre-neoplastic lesions, a marker associated with presence of steatosis and inflammation. Dietary luteolin significantly reduced the severity and incidence of hepatic inflammatory foci and steatosis in DEN-injected mice fed EtOH diet, as well the presence of preneoplastic lesions. There was no difference on hepatic protein levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) among all groups; however, luteolin supplementation significantly reversed alcohol-reduced SIRT1 activity assessed by the ratio of acetylated and total forkhead box protein O1 (FoXO1) and SIRT1 target proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α). CONCLUSIONS Dietary intake of luteolin prevents alcohol promoted pre-neoplastic lesions, potentially mediated by SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Paola Murino Rafacho
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil ; 3 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 4 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Camilla Peach Stice
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil ; 3 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 4 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Chun Liu
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil ; 3 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 4 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Andrew S Greenberg
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil ; 3 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 4 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Lynne M Ausman
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil ; 3 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 4 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil ; 3 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA ; 4 Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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de Graaf RA, Behar KL. Detection of cerebral NAD(+) by in vivo (1)H NMR spectroscopy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:802-9. [PMID: 24831866 PMCID: PMC4459131 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) plays a central role in cellular metabolism both as a coenzyme for electron-transfer enzymes as well as a substrate for a wide range of metabolic pathways. In the current study NAD(+) was detected on rat brain in vivo at 11.7T by 3D localized (1)H MRS of the NAD(+) nicotinamide protons in the 8.7-9.5 ppm spectral region. Avoiding water perturbation was critical to the detection of NAD(+) as strong, possibly indirect cross-relaxation between NAD(+) and water would lead to a several-fold reduction of the NAD(+) intensity in the presence of water suppression. Water perturbation was minimized through the use of localization by adiabatic spin-echo refocusing (LASER) in combination with frequency-selective excitation. The NAD(+) concentration in the rat cerebral cortex was determined at 296 ± 28 μm, which is in good agreement with recently published (31) P NMR-based results as well as results from brain extracts in vitro (355 ± 34 μm). The T1 relaxation time constants of the NAD(+) nicotinamide protons as measured by inversion recovery were 280 ± 65 and 1136 ± 122 ms in the absence and presence of water inversion, respectively. This confirms the strong interaction between NAD(+) nicotinamide and water protons as observed during water suppression. The T2 relaxation time constants of the NAD(+) nicotinamide protons were determined at 60 ± 13 ms after confounding effects of scalar coupling evolution were taken into account. The simplicity of the MR sequence together with the robustness of NAD(+) signal detection and quantification makes the presented method a convenient choice for studies on NAD(+) metabolism and function. As the method does not critically rely on magnetic field homogeneity and spectral resolution it should find immediate applications in rodents and humans even at lower magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A. de Graaf
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kevin L. Behar
- Department of Psychiatry, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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63
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Mills E, O'Neill LAJ. Succinate: a metabolic signal in inflammation. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 24:313-20. [PMID: 24361092 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Succinate is an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and plays a crucial role in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation in mitochondria. Recently, new roles for succinate outside metabolism have emerged. Succinate stabilizes the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in specific tumors and in activated macrophages, and stimulates dendritic cells via its receptor succinate receptor 1. Furthermore, succinate has been shown to post-translationally modify proteins. This expanding repertoire of functions for succinate suggests a broader role in cellular activation. We review the new roles of succinate and draw parallels to other metabolites such as NAD(+) and citrate whose roles have expanded beyond metabolism and into signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanna Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Ying W. Roles of NAD (+) , PARP-1, and Sirtuins in Cell Death, Ischemic Brain Injury, and Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray-Induced Tissue Injury. SCIENTIFICA 2013; 2013:691251. [PMID: 24386592 PMCID: PMC3872437 DOI: 10.1155/2013/691251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
NAD(+) plays crucial roles in a variety of biological processes including energy metabolism, aging, and calcium homeostasis. Multiple studies have also shown that NAD(+) administration can profoundly decrease oxidative cell death and ischemic brain injury. A number of recent studies have further indicated that NAD(+) administration can decrease ischemic brain damage, traumatic brain damage and synchrotron radiation X-ray-induced tissue injury by such mechanisms as inhibiting inflammation, decreasing autophagy, and reducing DNA damage. Our latest study that applies nano-particles as a NAD(+) carrier has also provided first direct evidence demonstrating a key role of NAD(+) depletion in oxidative stress-induced ATP depletion. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and sirtuins are key NAD(+)-consuming enzymes that mediate multiple biological processes. Recent studies have provided new information regarding PARP-1 and sirtuins in cell death, ischemic brain damage and synchrotron radiation X-ray-induced tissue damage. These findings have collectively supported the hypothesis that NAD(+) metabolism, PARP-1 and sirtuins play fundamental roles in oxidative stress-induced cell death, ischemic brain injury, and radiation injury. The findings have also supported "the Central Regulatory Network Hypothesis", which proposes that a fundamental network that consists of ATP, NAD(+) and Ca(2+) as its key components is the essential network regulating various biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
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