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Kosmidou P, Karamatzanis I, Tzifas S, Vervenioti A, Gkentzi D, Dimitriou G. Hearing Outcomes of Infants Born to Mothers With Active COVID-19 Infection. Cureus 2022; 14:e25571. [PMID: 35784961 PMCID: PMC9249119 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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52
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Liu SS, Yang R. Inner Ear Drug Delivery for Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Current Challenges and Opportunities. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:867453. [PMID: 35685768 PMCID: PMC9170894 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.867453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most therapies for treating sensorineural hearing loss are challenged by the delivery across multiple tissue barriers to the hard-to-access anatomical location of the inner ear. In this review, we will provide a recent update on various pharmacotherapy, gene therapy, and cell therapy approaches used in clinical and preclinical studies for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss and approaches taken to overcome the drug delivery barriers in the ear. Small-molecule drugs for pharmacotherapy can be delivered via systemic or local delivery, where the blood-labyrinth barrier hinders the former and tissue barriers including the tympanic membrane, the round window membrane, and/or the oval window hinder the latter. Meanwhile, gene and cell therapies often require targeted delivery to the cochlea, which is currently achieved via intra-cochlear or intra-labyrinthine injection. To improve the stability of the biomacromolecules during treatment, e.g., RNAs, DNAs, proteins, additional packing vehicles are often required. To address the diverse range of biological barriers involved in inner ear drug delivery, each class of therapy and the intended therapeutic cargoes will be discussed in this review, in the context of delivery routes commonly used, delivery vehicles if required (e.g., viral and non-viral nanocarriers), and other strategies to improve drug permeation and sustained release (e.g., hydrogel, nanocarriers, permeation enhancers, and microfluidic systems). Overall, this review aims to capture the important advancements and key steps in the development of inner ear therapies and delivery strategies over the past two decades for the treatment and prophylaxis of sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie S. Liu
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rong Yang
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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53
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Moses JC, Adibi S, Wickramasinghe N, Nguyen L, Angelova M, Islam SMS. Smartphone as a Disease Screening Tool: A Systematic Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:3787. [PMID: 35632195 PMCID: PMC9145643 DOI: 10.3390/s22103787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Disease screening identifies a disease in an individual/community early to effectively prevent or treat the condition. COVID-19 has restricted hospital visits for screening and other healthcare services resulting in the disruption of screening for cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Smartphone technologies, coupled with built-in sensors and wireless technologies, enable the smartphone to function as a disease-screening and monitoring device with negligible additional costs and potentially higher quality results. Thus, we sought to evaluate the use of smartphone applications for disease screening and the acceptability of this technology in the medical and healthcare sectors. We followed a systematic review process using four databases, including Medline Complete, Web of Science, Embase, and Proquest. We included articles published in English examining smartphone application utilisation in disease screening. Further, we presented and discussed the primary outcomes of the research articles and their statistically significant value. The initial search yielded 1046 studies for the initial title and abstract screening. Of the 105 articles eligible for full-text screening, we selected nine studies and discussed them in detail under four main categories: an overview of the literature reviewed, participant characteristics, disease screening, and technology acceptance. According to our objective, we further evaluated the disease-screening approaches and classified them as clinically administered screening (33%, n = 3), health-worker-administered screening (33%, n = 3), and home-based screening (33%, n = 3). Finally, we analysed the technology acceptance among the users and healthcare practitioners. We observed a significant statistical relationship between smartphone applications and standard clinical screening. We also reviewed user acceptance of these smartphone applications. Hence, we set out critical considerations to provide equitable healthcare solutions without barriers when designing, developing, and deploying smartphone solutions. The findings may increase research opportunities for the evaluation of smartphone solutions as valid and reliable screening solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeban Chandir Moses
- School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; (J.C.M.); (S.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Sasan Adibi
- School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; (J.C.M.); (S.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Nilmini Wickramasinghe
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia;
| | - Lemai Nguyen
- Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics, Deakin Business School, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia;
| | - Maia Angelova
- School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; (J.C.M.); (S.A.); (M.A.)
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Degen CV, Mikuteit M, Niewolik J, Schröder D, Vahldiek K, Mücke U, Heinemann S, Müller F, Behrens GMN, Klawonn F, Dopfer-Jablonka A, Steffens S. Self-reported Tinnitus and Vertigo or Dizziness in a Cohort of Adult Long COVID Patients. Front Neurol 2022; 13:884002. [PMID: 35547372 PMCID: PMC9082801 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.884002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus, vertigo and dizziness are symptoms commonly reported among Long and Post COVID patients, however the severity of these symptoms has not been assessed in large trials. Therefore, in this study a large cohort of Long COVID patients was surveyed about the presence and severity of tinnitus and vertigo or dizziness symptoms. The online survey was completed by a German cohort of 1,082 adult Long COVID patients after a mean period of 43.2 weeks ± 23.4 weeks after infection. Eighty percent were not fully vaccinated (at least two vaccinations) at the time of their first COVID symptoms and 9.8% were hospitalized in the course of their acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. At the time of the survey, 60% of patients reported the presence of vertigo or dizziness with a mean severity of 4.6 ± 2.7 on a scale of 1 (least severe) to 10 (most severe) and 30% complained of tinnitus with a mean severity of 4.8 ± 3.0. Approximately one fifth of the participants with tinnitus and vertigo or dizziness, rated their symptoms to be severe. The data shown in this study confirms that tinnitus and vertigo or dizziness are common symptoms in Long COVID patients and demonstrates, that a compelling number of patients rate their symptoms as severe. The self-reported severity highlights the need for Long COVID clinics to address these symptoms effectively. We suggest a multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach to prevent further morbidity and socioeconomic burden for Long COVID patients suffering from severe vertigo, dizziness or tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Vanessa Degen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Dean's Office-Curriculum Development, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Marie Mikuteit
- Dean's Office-Curriculum Development, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Niewolik
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Dominik Schröder
- Department of Computer Science, Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Wolfenbüttel, Germany
| | - Kai Vahldiek
- Department of Computer Science, Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Wolfenbüttel, Germany
| | - Urs Mücke
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Stephanie Heinemann
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank Müller
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Georg Martin Norbert Behrens
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Frank Klawonn
- Department of Computer Science, Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Wolfenbüttel, Germany.,Biostatistics Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka
- Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Sandra Steffens
- Dean's Office-Curriculum Development, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Department for Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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55
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Maruyama J, Reyna RA, Kishimoto-Urata M, Urata S, Manning JT, Harsell N, Cook R, Huang C, Nikolich-Zugich J, Makishima T, Paessler S. CD4 T-cell depletion prevents Lassa fever associated hearing loss in the mouse model. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010557. [PMID: 35605008 PMCID: PMC9166448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is the causative agent of Lassa fever (LF), which presents as a lethal hemorrhagic disease in severe cases. LASV-induced hearing loss in survivors is a huge socioeconomic burden, however, the mechanism(s) leading to hearing loss is unknown. In this study, we evaluate in a mouse LF model the auditory function using auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) to determine the mechanisms underlying LASV-induced hearing loss. In the process, we pioneered measures of ABR and DPOAE tests in rodents in biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) facilities. Our T cell depletion studies demonstrated that CD4 T-cells play an important role in LASV-induced hearing loss, while CD8 T-cells are critical for the pathogenicity in the acute phase of LASV infection. Results presented in this study may help to develop future countermeasures against acute disease and LASV-induced hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Maruyama
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rachel A. Reyna
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Megumi Kishimoto-Urata
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shinji Urata
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John T. Manning
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nantian Harsell
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Cook
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Janko Nikolich-Zugich
- Department of Immunobiology and the University of Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Tomoko Makishima
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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56
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Incidence and duration of self-reported hearing loss and tinnitus in a cohort of COVID-19 patients with sudden chemosensory loss: A STROBE observational study. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2022; 139:125-128. [PMID: 34602376 PMCID: PMC8482223 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the self-reported audiological symptoms in a cohort of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and monitor improvement or recovery. MATERIAL AND METHODS Following the STROBE guidelines for observational studies, a retrospective questionnaire concerning audio-vestibular symptoms was conducted in a cohort of Danish COVID-19 patients with self reported chemosensory loss. Data regarding demographics, symptoms onset, duration and remission was registered in a REDCap database. RESULTS Of the 225 respondents with chemosensory loss, 59 (26.2%) reported concomitant hearing loss (10.7%) or tinnitus (16.4%). In a follow-up questionnaire focused on ear-symptoms, severity, and duration (n=31), 17 reported hearing loss and 21 reported tinnitus. Debut of hearing loss and tinnitus were on average 10 and 30 days respectively, after onset of initial symptoms. Among the hearing loss patients, only two patients experienced full recovery, whereas 15 had partial or no recovery after on average 266 days from COVID-19 symptom onset. Among the tinnitus patients, 7/21 had full recovery, while 14 had partial or no recovery after on average 259 days from COVID-19 symptom onset. CONCLUSION In a large Danish cohort of COVID-19 patients, a significant proportion experienced concomitant audiological symptoms which seem long lasting and with negative impact on quality of life. This study warrants further investigation of the association between COVID-19 and audio-vestibular symptoms, and the need for rehabilitation among convalescents.
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57
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Neuro-otological Symptoms: An Atypical Aspect of COVID-19 Disease. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:3273-3282. [PMID: 35465132 PMCID: PMC9012049 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the various neuro-otological symptoms experienced by patients with COVID-19 disease. This is a retrospective study conducted from September 2020 to August 2021. Patients with positive RTPCR tests for COVID-19, aged between 18 and 60 years were included in the study. The patients were assessed for neuro-otological symptoms, the type, frequency, and character of these symptoms, their relation with age, gender and COVID-19 disease. Of the 286 patients, 64 (22.3%) had neuro-otological symptoms. The mean age of the patients was 36.3 ± 8.1 years. The frequency of neuro-otological symptoms was higher in females than males and was more frequent in the age group of 18–30 years as compared with other age groups. Of these 64 patients, 29 had vertigo (10.1%), 21 (7.3%) tinnitus, 16 (5.5%) experienced hearing loss. Like many viral diseases, apart from its typical prodromal symptoms, COVID-19 can also cause symptoms like tinnitus, hearing loss, and vertigo.
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58
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Lo TH, Lin PH, Hsu WC, Tsao PN, Liu TC, Yang TH, Hsu CJ, Huang LM, Lu CY, Wu CC. Prognostic determinants of hearing outcomes in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5219. [PMID: 35338167 PMCID: PMC8956567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the most prevalent cause of non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children. However, the prognostic determinants of SNHL remain unclear. Children with cCMV infection in a tertiary hospital were enrolled. The presence of cCMV-related symptoms at birth, the newborn hearing screening (NHS) results, and the blood viral loads were ascertained. Audiologic outcomes and initial blood viral loads were compared between different groups. Of the 39 children enrolled, 16 developed SNHL. SNHL developed in 60% of children who were initially symptomatic, and in 34.5% of those who were initially asymptomatic with normal hearing or isolated hearing loss, respectively. Failuire in NHS was a reliable tool for early detection of SNHL. The initial viral loads were higher in children who were symptomatic at birth, those who failed NHS, and those who developed SNHL. We observed SNHL deterioration in a patient after CMV DNAemia clearance was achieved, and in another patient with the flare-up of viral load. The presence of cCMV-related symptoms at birth, failure in NHS, and blood viral load might be the prognostic factors for hearing outcomes. Regular audiologic examinations are necessary in all children with cCMV infection even after CMV DNAemia clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Hsuan Lo
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Address: 7, Chung-Shan S. Rd., 10002, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Biomedical Park Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Address: 7, Chung-Shan S. Rd., 10002, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Nien Tsao
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Address: 7, Chung-Shan S. Rd., 10002, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tien-Chen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Address: 7, Chung-Shan S. Rd., 10002, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzong-Hann Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Jen Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Tzu-Chi Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Address: 7, Chung-Shan S. Rd., 10002, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Yi Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Address: 7, Chung-Shan S. Rd., 10002, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chen-Chi Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Address: 7, Chung-Shan S. Rd., 10002, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Biomedical Park Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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59
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Saunders GH, Beukes E, Uus K, Armitage CJ, Kelly J, Munro KJ. Shedding Light on SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccination, and Auditory Symptoms: Causality or Spurious Conjunction? Front Public Health 2022; 10:837513. [PMID: 35296050 PMCID: PMC8919951 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.837513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There are reports of associations between SARS-CoV2, COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccines, and auditory symptoms (hearing difficulty, tinnitus). However, most studies have relied on self-report and lack baseline and/or non-COVID control groups. This makes it problematic to differentiate if symptoms are associated with SARS-CoV2, COVID-19, the vaccine, psychosocial factors or recall bias. In this study, we differentiate these by comparing hearing and tinnitus survey data collected pre- and during the pandemic. The survey conducted during the pandemic asked about the onset and change in three types of symptom. Type One—known association (loss of smell, memory/concentration issues, persistent fatigue), Type Two—indeterminate association (auditory symptoms), and Type Three—no established association with COVID-19 (toothache). We hypothesized that if auditory symptoms are directly associated with COVID-19, their onset and change would be similar to Type One symptoms, but if indirectly associated (reflecting psychosocial factors and/or recall bias) would be more similar to Type Three symptoms. Of the 6,881 individuals who responded, 6% reported confirmed COVID-19 (positive test), 11% probably had COVID-19, and 83% reported no COVID-19. Those with confirmed or probable COVID-19 more commonly reported new and/or worsened auditory symptoms than those not reporting COVID-19. However, this does not imply causality because: (1) new auditory symptoms coincided with COVID-19 illness among just 1/3 of those with confirmed or probable COVID-19, and another 1/3 said their symptoms started before the pandemic—despite reporting no symptoms in the pre-pandemic survey. (2) >60% of individuals who had COVID-19 said it had affected their Type 3 symptoms, despite a lack of evidence linking the two. (3) Those with confirmed COVID-19 reported more Type 1 symptoms, but reporting of Type 2 and Type 3 symptoms did not differ between those with confirmed COVID-19 and those without COVID-19, while those who probably had COVID-19 most commonly reported these symptom types. Despite more reports of auditory symptoms in confirmed or probable COVID-19, there is inconsistent reporting, recall bias, and possible nocebo effects. Studies that include appropriate control groups and use audiometric measures in addition to self-report to investigate change in auditory symptoms relative to pre-COVID-19 are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle H Saunders
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Eldre Beukes
- Vision and Hearing Sciences Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Uus
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Armitage
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Kelly
- Centre for Biostatistics, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J Munro
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester University National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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60
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Kaliyappan K, Chen YC, Krishnan Muthaiah VP. Vestibular Cochlear Manifestations in COVID-19 Cases. Front Neurol 2022; 13:850337. [PMID: 35370886 PMCID: PMC8971520 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.850337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a high transmissible infectious disease that primarily impacts the respiratory system and leads to death as it worsens. Ever since the World Health Organization declared the disease as a global pandemic, the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and disease prognosis has been discussed in various literature. In addition to impaired respiratory health, the symptoms also indicated the involvement of the cardiovascular and neurological system after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neurological complications, many reports also revealed the prevalence of vestibulocochlear symptoms like dizziness, vertigo, vestibular neuritis, sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and tinnitus. Though many clinical reports and scientific reviews reported the vestibular and cochlear impairments associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, the underlying pathological mechanisms are still unclear and unexplored. In this review, we discussed the published clinical reports, research articles, and literature reviews related to vestibulocochlear manifestations following SARS-CoV-2 infections. We also summarized the current knowledge about the prevalence, epidemiological and clinical features, and potential pathological mechanisms related to vestibular and cochlear manifestations resulting from COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathiravan Kaliyappan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Chen Chen
| | - Vijaya Prakash Krishnan Muthaiah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Vijaya Prakash Krishnan Muthaiah
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61
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Thulasiram MR, Ogier JM, Dabdoub A. Hearing Function, Degeneration, and Disease: Spotlight on the Stria Vascularis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:841708. [PMID: 35309932 PMCID: PMC8931286 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.841708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The stria vascularis (SV) is a highly vascularized tissue lining the lateral wall of the cochlea. The SV maintains cochlear fluid homeostasis, generating the endocochlear potential that is required for sound transduction. In addition, the SV acts as an important blood-labyrinth barrier, tightly regulating the passage of molecules from the blood into the cochlea. A healthy SV is therefore vital for hearing function. Degeneration of the SV is a leading cause of age-related hearing loss, and has been associated with several hearing disorders, including Norrie disease, Meniere's disease, Alport syndrome, Waardenburg syndrome, and Cytomegalovirus-induced hearing loss. Despite the SV's important role in hearing, there is still much that remains to be discovered, including cell-specific function within the SV, mechanisms of SV degeneration, and potential protective or regenerative therapies. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries elucidating the molecular regulatory networks of SV function, mechanisms underlying degeneration of the SV, and otoprotective strategies for preventing drug-induced SV damage. We also highlight recent clinical developments for treating SV-related hearing loss and discuss future research trajectories in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matsya R Thulasiram
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jacqueline M Ogier
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alain Dabdoub
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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62
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Almishaal AA, Alrushaidan AA. Short- and Long-Term Self-Reported Audiovestibular Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Hospitalized and Nonhospitalized Patients. Audiol Neurootol 2022; 27:297-311. [PMID: 35240596 PMCID: PMC9059062 DOI: 10.1159/000521963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Audiovestibular symptoms during the acute stage have been reported in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), while very few studies investigated the long-term audiovestibular manifestations of SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the occurrence of short- and long-term audiovestibular symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was distributed to severe hospitalized cases and nonhospitalized patients with mild disease, all with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 test results. Participants were inquired to report audiovestibular symptoms during the acute phase and at 6-month follow-up after contracting SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS A total of 301 participants completed the questionnaire. Auditory symptoms were reported by 21.9% and 1.99% of patients during the acute phase and 6 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection, respectively. During the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, aural fullness represents the most common symptoms (18.94%) followed by tinnitus (9.97%) and hearing loss (6.31%). Vestibular symptoms were reported by 34% during the acute phase; most commonly was dizziness (29.9%) followed by vertigo (24.25%) and unsteadiness (8.31%). Long-term and persistent vestibular problems were reported by 3.99% patients. There were no statistically significant differences in self-reported audiovestibular symptoms between patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 disease compared to those with mild disease. CONCLUSION The current study showed that audiovestibular symptoms are common among SARS-CoV-2 infected patients during the acute phase of the disease. However, these symptoms are mostly temporary and showed complete spontaneous recovery during the first 2 weeks postinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Almishaal
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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Verma H, Shah J, Akhilesh K, Shukla B. Patients’ perspective about speech, swallowing and hearing status post-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) recovery: E-survey. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:2523-2532. [PMID: 35059791 PMCID: PMC8776384 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective The present study investigates the COVID-19 survivors' perspective on speech, swallowing, and hearing-related issues post-COVID-19. We further investigate the recovery duration for speech, swallowing, and hearing-related symptoms post-COVID. Design Survey study; E-survey. Methodology A total of 78 subjects (35.78 years ± 11.93) participated in the survey. All the participants were diagnosed with the RTPCR method. To understand the recovery duration for the speech, swallowing and hearing issues post-COVID-19, we conducted a three-phase study. Results In the first phase of the survey, 68 subjects reported symptoms related to speech, swallowing, and hearing issues 15 days of post-COVID recovery. A total of 76.4% of subjects reported only swallowing-related issues, 4.41% only speech-related issues, whereas 1.47% reported the problem in speech and hearing functions. The 2nd phase of the study was conducted after the first phase of the study. Only 22 subjects reported the presence of swallowing, speech and hearing-related issues from the 68 subjects. During the last phase, only 12 subjects reported speech, swallowing, and hearing issues. All subjects recovered from the olfaction and gustation impairment, whereas 50% of subjects reported the presence of xerostomia. Conclusion From the present study, we conclude that the SARC-CoV-2 virus directly affects the respiratory system and affects the aero-digestive system and laryngeal system physiology. Individuals with comorbid conditions admitted in ICU during COVID-19 treatment and prolonged hospital stay were at higher risk of developing speech, swallowing, and hearing-related issues post-COVID-19. The present study indicated that all COVID-19 survivors should be screened for speech, swallowing, and hearing-related issues for early rehabilitation if needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Verma
- Speech and Hearing Unit, Department of Otolaryngology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Jyoti Shah
- Speech, Swallowing and Hearing Care Clinic, New Delhi, India
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Pediatric, Saroj Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Bhanu Shukla
- School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
- Institute for Intelligent System, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
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Morell M, Rojas L, Haulena M, Busse B, Siebert U, Shadwick RE, Raverty SA. Selective Inner Hair Cell Loss in a Neonate Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12020180. [PMID: 35049802 PMCID: PMC8772928 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Congenital hearing loss (i.e., hearing impairment present at birth) is recognized in humans and other terrestrial species, but there is a lack of information on congenital malformations and associated hearing loss in pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses). Baseline knowledge on marine mammal inner ear malformations is essential to differentiate between congenital and acquired abnormalities, which may be caused by infectious agents, age, or anthropogenic interactions, such as noise exposure. Analysis of the cochlea of a neonate harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) revealed bilateral loss of inner hair cells (sensory cells responsible for transducing the auditory signal) while the outer hair cells (sensory cells responsible for sound amplification and frequency selectivity and sensitivity) were intact. The selective inner hair cell loss (up to 84.6% of loss) was more severe in the basal turn, where the high frequencies are encoded. Potential causes and consequences are discussed. This is the first report of a case of selective inner hair cell loss in a marine mammal neonate, likely congenital. Abstract Congenital hearing loss is recognized in humans and other terrestrial species. However, there is a lack of information on its prevalence or pathophysiology in pinnipeds. It is important to have baseline knowledge on marine mammal malformations in the inner ear, to differentiate between congenital and acquired abnormalities, which may be caused by infectious pathogens, age, or anthropogenic interactions, such as noise exposure. Ultrastructural evaluation of the cochlea of a neonate harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) by scanning electron microscopy revealed bilateral loss of inner hair cells with intact outer hair cells. The selective inner hair cell loss was more severe in the basal turn, where high-frequency sounds are encoded. The loss of inner hair cells started around 40% away from the apex or tip of the spiral, reaching a maximum loss of 84.6% of hair cells at 80–85% of the length from the apex. Potential etiologies and consequences are discussed. This is believed to be the first case report of selective inner hair cell loss in a marine mammal neonate, likely congenital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morell
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 25761 Büsum, Germany;
- Zoology Department, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Rojas
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Delegación Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Martin Haulena
- Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Center, Vancouver, BC V6G 3E2, Canada;
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 22529 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 25761 Büsum, Germany;
| | - Robert E. Shadwick
- Zoology Department, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Stephen A. Raverty
- Zoology Department, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Animal Health Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC V3G 2M3, Canada;
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Lazareva LA, Elizbaryan IS, Azamatova SA, Muzaeva BR, Sushcheva NA. [Triggers and predictors of development and formation of sensorineural hearing loss]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2022; 87:34-43. [PMID: 35605270 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20228702134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to review the results of scientific researches in recent years in an expanded interdisciplinary view of the problem of etiopathogenesis of sensorineural hearing loss, as well as the role of comorbidities and triggers in the formation of persistent changes in the audio-receiving part of the auditory analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Lazareva
- Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russia
| | | | - S A Azamatova
- Adygei Republican Center for Rehabilitation of the Adygea Republican Clinical Hospital, Republic of Adygea, Russia
| | - B R Muzaeva
- Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russia
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Essawy WM. Effectiveness of oral corticosteroids (prednisolone) in sensorineural hearing loss post COVID-19. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY 2022; 38:162. [PMCID: PMC9748904 DOI: 10.1186/s43163-022-00347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Numerous infections can result in neurological symptoms, including anosmia, facial paralysis, and abrupt sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). During the earlier SARS pandemic, coronaviruses were linked to a loss of smell and taste due to brain damage. Purpose To clinically detect corticosteroid treatment effectiveness in SSNHL post-COVID-19 infection and to detect the factors that affect the prognosis for these patients for better diagnosis and earlier management. Subjects and method Subjects included 20 subjects diagnosed by PCR as COVID-19 virus positive, complaining of sudden onset hearing loss post viral infection in different durations. All subjects had basic audiological evaluation done pre-treatment and repeated after 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month after treatment with methylprednisolone 21-acetate tablets. Results Onset of hearing loss post-COVID infection ranged from 1 to 3 months. As regards the improvement recognized with treatment course, thirteen patients (65%) of all twenty patients showed complete improvement at 1 month after starting treatment, and seven patients (35%) showed no improvement even after 1 month. Conclusion SSNHL has been widely recognized in the context of COVID-19 to date. Early corticosteroid therapy could help in the recovery of hearing, especially if the beginning of therapy was early in the first 2 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessam Mostafa Essawy
- grid.412258.80000 0000 9477 7793Audio-vestibular Unit, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Muniz LF, Maciel RJ, Ramos DS, Albuquerque KM, Leão ÂC, Van Der Linden V, Paixão ES, Brickley EB, Cordeiro MT, Leitão GG, Caldas SS, Leal MC. Audiological follow-up of children with congenital Zika syndrome. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08720. [PMID: 35059518 PMCID: PMC8760538 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
How does the auditory function of children with congenital Zika syndrome present during the first three years of life? To determine the auditory function of children with congenital Zika syndrome during the first three years of life and estimate the frequency and long-term presentation of hearing loss in this syndrome, an auditory assessment with screening and diagnostic tests was conducted. The screening test consisted of measuring the short latency ABR using click stimuli. If the ABR click indicated hearing loss, confirmation was obtained with a frequency-specific ABR (FS-ABR), in which the stimuli were tone bursts at frequencies of 500 and 2000 Hz by bone and air conduction. This case series included 107 children with confirmed congenital Zika syndrome, and the cumulative incidence of sensorineural hearing loss in the first three years of life was 9.3% (10/107). There were no cases of delayed-onset or progressive deficits in hearing. Early presentation of sensorineural hearing loss seems to occur with a higher frequency in children with congenital Zika syndrome than in the general population. Sensorineural hearing loss resulting from congenital Zika virus infection does not appear to present with delayed onset or with progressive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Danielle S. Ramos
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
- Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Enny S. Paixão
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Elizabeth B. Brickley
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Mariana C. Leal
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
- Agamenon Magalhães Hospital, Brazil
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Kokten N, Celik S, Mutlu A, Pektas E, Icten S, Kalcioglu MT. Does COVID-19 have an impact on hearing? Acta Otolaryngol 2022; 142:48-51. [PMID: 35001803 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2021.2020897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS SARS-CoV-2 is known to be a neurotrophic virus. However, the effect of this virus on the hearing system is still uncertain. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the possible effect of COVID-19 on hearing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty healthcare workers who had COVID-19 after hearing evaluation with pure tone audiometry (PTA) for any reason in the last 1 year were included in the study. PTA and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) tests were performed in 15 of 30 patients during the active infection period. For all 30 patients, otoscopic examination plus PTA and TEOAE tests were performed at the end of the first month after their treatment. RESULTS When the PTA results of 30 patients (60 ears) before and after COVID-19 were compared, a significant decrease in hearing level was found only at 1000 Hz (p < .05). There were no significant differences at other frequencies. When the PTA and TEAOE test results of 15 patients (30 ears) that were performed during and after COVID-19 were compared, no significant differences were found. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that COVID-19 may cause hearing loss. However, this result needs to be confirmed with comprehensive studies to be conducted in larger patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numan Kokten
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdal Celik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Mutlu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Pektas
- Department of Audiology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sacit Icten
- Department of Pulmonology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M. Tayyar Kalcioglu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Pisani D, Leopardi G, Viola P, Scarpa A, Ricciardiello F, Cerchiai N, Astorina A, Chiarella G. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss after covid-19 vaccine; A possible adverse reaction? OTOLARYNGOLOGY CASE REPORTS 2021; 21:100384. [PMID: 34957365 PMCID: PMC8629793 DOI: 10.1016/j.xocr.2021.100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL) is a relatively rare symptom after immunisation from commonly used vaccines such as rabies, hepatitis B, measles and H1N1 and it could be an occasional symptom of COVID-19, even in mild manifestations of the disease. Case report We describe the case of a 57-year-old patient that reported SSNHL and tinnitus in his right ear 2 days after the inoculation of the Oxford-AstraZeneca (VAXZEVRIA) Covid-19 vaccine. The patient almost fully recovered after therapy and was referred to a long term follow-up program. Conclusion The current report underlines the importance to consider SSNHL as a possible rare adverse effect of the Covid-19 vaccine and take in account this possibility to promptly proceed with diagnosis and treatment of suspect cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pisani
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Regional Centre of Cochlear Implants and ENT Diseases, Magna Graecia University, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gianluca Leopardi
- Unit of Otolaryngology, "S. Giuseppe Hospital", Empoli, Firenze, Italy
| | - Pasquale Viola
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Regional Centre of Cochlear Implants and ENT Diseases, Magna Graecia University, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alfonso Scarpa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | | | - Niccolò Cerchiai
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessia Astorina
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Regional Centre of Cochlear Implants and ENT Diseases, Magna Graecia University, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Chiarella
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Regional Centre of Cochlear Implants and ENT Diseases, Magna Graecia University, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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Yaseen NK, Al-Ani RM, Ali Rashid R. COVID-19-related sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Qatar Med J 2021; 2021:58. [PMID: 34745911 PMCID: PMC8555677 DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2021.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) can be a feature of COVID-19. It may present alone or with other symptoms of the disease. However, there is little written in the literature about its occurrence. We aimed to evaluate the socio-clinical characteristics and outcome of confirmed mild- to moderate COVID-19 cases with SSNHL in Tikrit city, Iraq. MATERIALS AND METHODS This descriptive study was conducted at the Otolaryngology Department, Tikrit General Hospital, Tikrit city, Iraq. The period of the study was from December 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021.Mild and moderate COVID-19 subjects confirmed by real-time polymerase reaction were included in the study. Detailed demographic (age, gender, and smoking habit) and clinical characteristics (onset and duration of deafness, side, severity, associated ear, nose, and throat symptoms, and comorbidity) were recorded for every patient. Outcomes following the steroid treatment protocol were also registered. RESULTS SSNHL was identified in 26 patients, of whom 20 (76.9%) were women, 20 (76.9%) were in the age group ≥ 30 years, and 21 (80.8%) were non-smokers. Around three-quarters of the subjects were identified within the first week of deafness occurrence. Bilateral (18/26) was more common than unilateral deafness (8/26); therefore, the total number of deaf ears was 44. Besides, bilateral symmetrical deafness (13/18) outnumbered the asymmetrical type (5/18). Around three-quarters were of moderate severity. The most common otological symptom was tinnitus (25/26). The most common nose and throat symptom was anosmia (6/26). The mean hearing threshold before and after treatment with oral steroids ± intratympanic steroids was 50.91 ± 11.777 dB and 40.24 ± 15.693, respectively. One patient with bilateral SSNHL was lost to follow-up; the remaining number of deaf ears was 42, and half of them were partially improved. The outcome of the treatment showed no statistically significant relation with the duration, side, and severity of SSNHL (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The majority of COVID-19-related SSNHL cases presented within one week of onset, with bilateral outnumbering unilateral cases. Tinnitus was the most common associated symptom. Treatment with steroids achieved partial improvement in half of the cases, and this outcome was not affected by the duration, side, and severity of deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Khaleel Yaseen
- Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq. E-mail:
| | - Raid M Al-Ani
- Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, University Of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq
| | - Rasheed Ali Rashid
- Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq. E-mail:
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Morell M, IJsseldijk LL, Berends AJ, Gröne A, Siebert U, Raverty SA, Shadwick RE, Kik MJL. Evidence of Hearing Loss and Unrelated Toxoplasmosis in a Free-Ranging Harbour Porpoise ( Phocoena phocoena). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113058. [PMID: 34827790 PMCID: PMC8614470 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Evidence of hearing impairment was identified in a female harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) on the basis of inner ear analysis. The animal live stranded on the Dutch coast at Domburg in 2016 and died a few hours later. Ultrastructural examination of the inner ear revealed evidence of sensory cell loss, which is compatible with noise exposure. In addition, histopathology also revealed multifocal necrotising protozoal encephalitis. A diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was confirmed by positive staining of tissue with anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies; however, T. gondii tachyzoites were not observed histologically in any of the examined tissues. This is the first case of presumptive noise-induced hearing loss and demonstration of T. gondii cysts in the brain of a free-ranging harbour porpoise from the North Sea. Abstract Evidence of hearing impairment was identified in a harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) on the basis of scanning electron microscopy. In addition, based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry, there were signs of unrelated cerebral toxoplasmosis. The six-year old individual live stranded on the Dutch coast at Domburg in 2016 and died a few hours later. The most significant gross lesion was multifocal necrosis and haemorrhage of the cerebrum. Histopathology of the brain revealed extensive necrosis and haemorrhage in the cerebrum with multifocal accumulations of degenerated neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages, and perivascular lymphocytic cuffing. The diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis was confirmed by positive staining of protozoa with anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. Tachyzoites were not observed histologically in any of the examined tissues. Ultrastructural evaluation of the inner ear revealed evidence of scattered loss of outer hair cells in a 290 µm long segment of the apical turn of the cochlea, and in a focal region of ~ 1.5 mm from the apex of the cochlea, which was compatible with noise-induced hearing loss. This is the first case of concurrent presumptive noise-induced hearing loss and toxoplasmosis in a free-ranging harbour porpoise from the North Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morell
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 25761 Büsum, Germany;
- Zoology Department, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (S.A.R.); (R.E.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (L.L.I.)
| | - Lonneke L. IJsseldijk
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.J.B.); (A.G.); (M.J.L.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (L.L.I.)
| | - Alinda J. Berends
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.J.B.); (A.G.); (M.J.L.K.)
| | - Andrea Gröne
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.J.B.); (A.G.); (M.J.L.K.)
| | - Ursula Siebert
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 25761 Büsum, Germany;
| | - Stephen A. Raverty
- Zoology Department, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (S.A.R.); (R.E.S.)
- Animal Health Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC V3G 2M3, Canada
| | - Robert E. Shadwick
- Zoology Department, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (S.A.R.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Marja J. L. Kik
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (A.J.B.); (A.G.); (M.J.L.K.)
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Yıldız G, Kurt D, Mat E, Yıldız P, Başol G, Gündogdu EC, Kuru B, Topcu B, Kale A. Hearing test results of newborns born from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected mothers: A tertiary center experience in Turkey. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 48:113-118. [PMID: 34655257 PMCID: PMC8661853 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective Congenital infections can cause newborn hearing loss. Although vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection is theoretically possible, this has not been proven yet. To our knowledge, there is no previous report on whether COVID‐19 infection during pregnancy can cause congenital hearing loss. This paper aimed to find an answer to this question. Method This retrospective, single‐center study was performed between April 2020 and May 2021 at a tertiary care referral center in Turkey. A total of 422 pregnant women who had coronavirus infection during pregnancy were followed and 203 of them gave birth in our institution. Results of hearing screening tests of 199 newborns were assessed retrospectively. Results Of patients included in the study, 23 (11.6%) had the disease in the first trimester, 62 (31.2%) in the second trimester, and 114 (57.3%) in the third trimester. In the first hearing test performed on newborns, unilateral hearing loss was observed in 21 babies (10.5%). Hearing tests of these newborns were found to be normal in the second test performed 15 days later. Conclusion Considering the incidence of congenital hearing loss, the absence of hearing loss in our newborn population does not confirm the argument that coronavirus infection does not cause congenital hearing loss. This issue should be evaluated with larger patient series. In addition, it should be kept in mind that hearing loss can occur at later ages as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazi Yıldız
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, University of Health Sciences Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didar Kurt
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, University of Health Sciences Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Mat
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, University of Health Sciences Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Yıldız
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Adatıp Kurtköy Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülfem Başol
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, University of Health Sciences Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Cansu Gündogdu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, University of Health Sciences Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betül Kuru
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, University of Health Sciences Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahtisen Topcu
- Neonatology Department, University of Health Sciences Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kale
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, University of Health Sciences Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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73
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Tsuzuki N, Wasano K, Oishi N, Hentona K, Shimanuki M, Nishiyama T, Hiraga Y, Shinden S, Ogawa K. Severe sudden sensorineural hearing loss related to risk of stroke and atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20204. [PMID: 34642427 PMCID: PMC8511109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99731-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cause of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (idiopathic SSNHL)—diagnosed after excluding other causes of hearing loss, such as SSNHL associated with vestibular schwannoma (VS)—is unknown. The presumed pathogenesis of idiopathic SSNHL includes circulatory disorders (e.g., cochlear infarction). We tested the hypothesis that patients with SSNHL who are at high stroke risk will have a lower rate of VS compared to those with low stroke risk. The rationale is that the primary cause of SSNHL in patients with high stroke risk might be a circulatory disturbance. We conducted a retrospective study in six hospitals. Our sampling of SSNHL patients included those diagnosed with idiopathic SSNHL and VS-associated SSNHL. SSNHL patients who had a head MRI were stratified by severity of hearing loss and evaluated for differences in the detection rate of VS between the high-scoring CHADS2 (CHADS2-H-), an index of stroke risk, and low-scoring CHADS2 (CHADS2-L-) groups. We identified 916 patients who met the inclusion criteria. For severe hearing loss, the CHADS2-H group had a significantly lower rate of VS than the CHADS2-L group (OR 0 [95% CI 0.00–0.612]; P = 0.007). These results indirectly support the hypothesis that a primary cause of severe idiopathic SSNHL in those at high risk of stroke might be a circulatory disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyoshi Tsuzuki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Hiratsuka City Hospital, 1-19-1 Minamihara, Hiratsuka-city, Kanagawa, 254-0065, Japan
| | - Koichiro Wasano
- National Institute of Sensory Organs, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan. .,Department of Otolaryngology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan.
| | - Naoki Oishi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ko Hentona
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan
| | - Marie Shimanuki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, 911-1 Takebayashimachi, Utsunomiya-city, Tochigi, 321-0974, Japan
| | - Takanori Nishiyama
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital, 12-1 Shinkawadori, Kawasaki, Kawasaki-city, Kanagawa, 210-0013, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hiraga
- Department of Otolaryngology, Japanese Red Cross Shizuoka Hospital, 8-2 Outemachi, Aoi, Shizuoka-city, Shizuoka, 420-0853, Japan
| | - Seiichi Shinden
- Department of Otolaryngology, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, 911-1 Takebayashimachi, Utsunomiya-city, Tochigi, 321-0974, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ogawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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74
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Pokharel S, Tamang S, Pokharel S, Mahaseth RK. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss in a post-COVID-19 patient. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04956. [PMID: 34703602 PMCID: PMC8520694 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed history and diagnostic evaluation for recent or past COVID-19 infection is vital in patients presenting with Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL) since SSNHL could be a sequelae of COVID-19 and timely diagnosis and intervention could significantly improve hearing and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santoshi Pokharel
- College of MedicineNepalese Army Institute of Health SciencesKathmanduNepal
| | - Sumita Tamang
- College of MedicineNepalese Army Institute of Health SciencesKathmanduNepal
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75
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Wu PH, Lee CY, Huang JY, Yang SF, Shih CP. The correlation between neonatal parameters and late-onset inner ear disorders in congenital cytomegalovirus infection: a 10-year population-based cohort study. Clin Otolaryngol 2021; 47:107-114. [PMID: 34547825 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlation of neonatal parameters with late-onset sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and vestibular dysfunction in individuals with congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING The whole Taiwanese population. PARTICIPANTS Patients with related diagnostic codes and examinations in their records were regarded as having cCMV infection. Each subject in that group was matched to 10 control individuals with noncongenital CMV infection on the basis of several neonatal parameters, including low gestational age, low birth weight, low Apgar score, maternal history of CMV infection and prolonged cCMV infection. A total of 5893 and 58 930 participants were enrolled in the study and control groups, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcomes were the development of SNHL and the development of vestibular dysfunction within one year after birth as reflected by diagnostic codes and specific examinations. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of each primary outcome between the two groups. RESULTS Overall, 109 and 397 episodes of SNHL developed in the study group and the control group, respectively, and the study group demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of SNHL (adjusted HR: 2.56; 95% CI: 2.07-3.18). In addition, similar incidence rates of vestibular dysfunction were found in the study group and the control group, with 7 and 90 events, respectively (adjusted HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.36-1.67). In subgroup analyses, a higher incidence of SNHL was correlated with lower gestational age (GA) (adjusted HR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.29-3.39), lower birth weight (BW) (adjusted HR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.28-3.30) and prolonged cCMV infection (adjusted HR: 3.92; 95% CI: 1.95-7.88). CONCLUSIONS Low GA, low BW and a long disease course are significantly correlated with late-onset SNHL in cCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ping Shih
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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76
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Coffin AB, Boney R, Hill J, Tian C, Steyger PS. Detecting Novel Ototoxins and Potentiation of Ototoxicity by Disease Settings. Front Neurol 2021; 12:725566. [PMID: 34489859 PMCID: PMC8418111 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.725566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 100 drugs and chemicals are associated with permanent hearing loss, tinnitus, and vestibular deficits, collectively known as ototoxicity. The ototoxic potential of drugs is rarely assessed in pre-clinical drug development or during clinical trials, so this debilitating side-effect is often discovered as patients begin to report hearing loss. Furthermore, drug-induced ototoxicity in adults, and particularly in elderly patients, may go unrecognized due to hearing loss from a variety of etiologies because of a lack of baseline assessments immediately prior to novel therapeutic treatment. During the current pandemic, there is an intense effort to identify new drugs or repurpose FDA-approved drugs to treat COVID-19. Several potential COVID-19 therapeutics are known ototoxins, including chloroquine (CQ) and lopinavir-ritonavir, demonstrating the necessity to identify ototoxic potential in existing and novel medicines. Furthermore, several factors are emerging as potentiators of ototoxicity, such as inflammation (a hallmark of COVID-19), genetic polymorphisms, and ototoxic synergy with co-therapeutics, increasing the necessity to evaluate a drug's potential to induce ototoxicity under varying conditions. Here, we review the potential of COVID-19 therapies to induce ototoxicity and factors that may compound their ototoxic effects. We then discuss two models for rapidly detecting the potential for ototoxicity: mammalian auditory cell lines and the larval zebrafish lateral line. These models offer considerable value for pre-clinical drug development, including development of COVID-19 therapies. Finally, we show the validity of in silico screening for ototoxic potential using a computational model that compares structural similarity of compounds of interest with a database of known ototoxins and non-ototoxins. Preclinical screening at in silico, in vitro, and in vivo levels can provide an earlier indication of the potential for ototoxicity and identify the subset of candidate therapeutics for treating COVID-19 that need to be monitored for ototoxicity as for other widely-used clinical therapeutics, like aminoglycosides and cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jordan Hill
- Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, United States
| | - Cong Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Peter S. Steyger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
- National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, Portland, OR, United States
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77
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AlJasser A, Alkeridy W, Munro KJ, Plack CJ. Is COVID-19 associated with self-reported audio-vestibular symptoms? Int J Audiol 2021; 61:832-840. [PMID: 34370603 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2021.1957161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if a positive test for COVID-19 is associated with self-reported audio-vestibular symptoms. DESIGN Self-reported changes in hearing, tinnitus, hyperacusis, and dizziness/rotatory vertigo were assessed in hospitalised and non-hospitalised COVID-19 patients during and after the acute phase of the disease and compared to non-COVID controls. STUDY SAMPLE There were 150 severe cases of COVID-19 requiring hospital admission and 150 mild cases that were managed at home. Controls were 267 adults, 32 of whom had been hospitalised for a non-COVID-19 condition, and a further 85 who worked in hospital settings. RESULTS Deterioration in hearing and/or tinnitus was reported in 8% of the COVID-19 cases (tinnitus had resolved in 2% after the acute phase), with no significant difference between severe and mild cases. Deterioration in hearing or tinnitus was not significantly different from controls. However, rotatory vertigo was reported by 5% in the COVID-19 groups and 1.1% in the controls, and this difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence that COVID-19 results in deterioration in hearing or tinnitus during the acute phase or after recovery in mild or severe cases. However, rotatory vertigo, which could be vestibular in origin, may be a clinical manifestation of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa AlJasser
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Alkeridy
- Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, Geriatric Medicine Division, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kevin J Munro
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher J Plack
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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78
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Kaspar A, Pifeleti S, Whitfield BC. The measles emergency is over, but the crisis continues - a call to action for the Pacific Islands. J Glob Health 2021; 10:020301. [PMID: 33110505 PMCID: PMC7533430 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Kaspar
- Hearing Research Unit for Children, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,ENT Clinic, Tupua Tamasese Meaole Hospital, Apia, Samoa.,Australian Volunteer Program (AVP), Australia
| | | | - Bernard Cs Whitfield
- ENT Clinic, Tupua Tamasese Meaole Hospital, Apia, Samoa.,ENT Department, Logan Hospital, Queensland, Australia.,Griffith University, School of Medicine, Queensland, Australia
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79
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Faridi R, Rea A, Fenollar-Ferrer C, O'Keefe RT, Gu S, Munir Z, Khan AA, Riazuddin S, Hoa M, Naz S, Newman WG, Friedman TB. New insights into Perrault syndrome, a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. Hum Genet 2021; 141:805-819. [PMID: 34338890 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hearing loss and impaired fertility are common human disorders each with multiple genetic causes. Sometimes deafness and impaired fertility, which are the hallmarks of Perrault syndrome, co-occur in a person. Perrault syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by bilateral mild to severe childhood sensorineural hearing loss with variable age of onset in both sexes and ovarian dysfunction in females who have a 46, XX karyotype. Since the initial clinical description of Perrault syndrome 70 years ago, the phenotype of some subjects may additionally involve developmental delay, intellectual deficit and other neurological disabilities, which can vary in severity in part dependent upon the genetic variants and the gene involved. Here, we review the molecular genetics and clinical phenotype of Perrault syndrome and focus on supporting evidence for the eight genes (CLPP, ERAL1, GGPS1, HARS2, HSD17B4, LARS2, RMND1, TWNK) associated with Perrault syndrome. Variants of these eight genes only account for approximately half of the individuals with clinical features of Perrault syndrome where the molecular genetic base remains under investigation. Additional environmental etiologies and novel Perrault disease-associated genes remain to be identified to account for unresolved cases. We also report a new genetic variant of CLPP, computational structural insight about CLPP and single cell RNAseq data for eight reported Perrault syndrome genes suggesting a common cellular pathophysiology for this disorder. Some unanswered questions are raised to kindle future research about Perrault syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Faridi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alessandro Rea
- Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Cristina Fenollar-Ferrer
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Raymond T O'Keefe
- Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Shoujun Gu
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zunaira Munir
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.,present address: Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - Asma Ali Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- Allama Iqbal Medical Research Center, Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54550, Pakistan
| | - Michael Hoa
- Auditory Development and Restoration Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sadaf Naz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - William G Newman
- Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. .,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
| | - Thomas B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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80
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Mitsikas D, Gabrani C, Giannakou K, Lamnisos D. Intrauterine exposure to Zika virus and hearing loss within the first few years of life: A systematic literature review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 147:110801. [PMID: 34147906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of the factors that could potentially lead to congenital hearing loss is of paramount importance, as early detection of congenital hearing loss and intervention could prevent developmental delays in speech, language development as well as childhood cognitive impairment. Hitherto, intrauterine exposure to Zika virus has emerged as a cause of various fetal malformations, including cases of congenital hearing loss. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the association between intrauterine exposure to Zika virus and hearing loss in children. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted to the databases PubMed, Cochrane library, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, SciELO and Lilacs in order to identify studies that examine the association between prenatally Zika exposure and hearing loss within the first few years of life. Studies were eligible for inclusion, if solely objective methods for hearing evaluation of patients such as otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and/or auditory brainstem response (ABR) were used, in children who intrauterine exposed to the Zika virus. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included, which included 1275 children who are prenatally exposed to Zika virus. In 852 of the cases an objective hearing evaluation was performed using either OAEs or ABR. 709 children were tested with ABR and 79 had a failed outcome. 143 children were tested with OAEs whilst of these, 30 had a failed outcome. Altered OAEs ranged from 8.7% to 30.2%, while altered ABR ranged from 0% to 19.9%. The initial sample includes 428 children with microcephaly, while 5 of the studies comprise microcephaly to the inclusion criteria. CONCLUSION It seems to be a possible association between prenatal Zika virus exposure and hearing loss in children during the first years of their life. It is of great importance that in future studies possible confounding factors, like microcephaly, will be appropriately controlled. Additionally, the follow-up period of monitoring hearing loss in children should be prolonged in order to identify potential late onset hearing problems caused by intrauterine exposure to Zika virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Mitsikas
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Diogenis Str 6, Nicosia, 2404, Cyprus.
| | - Chrysoula Gabrani
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Diogenis Str 6, Nicosia, 2404, Cyprus.
| | - Konstantinos Giannakou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Diogenis Str 6, Nicosia, 2404, Cyprus.
| | - Demetris Lamnisos
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Diogenis Str 6, Nicosia, 2404, Cyprus.
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81
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Narożny W, Skorek A, Tretiakow D. Should patients with sudden deafness be tested for COVID19? Auris Nasus Larynx 2021; 48:797-798. [PMID: 33637389 PMCID: PMC7891062 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Narożny
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical Univeristy of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego str. 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Skorek
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical Univeristy of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego str. 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Dmitry Tretiakow
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical Univeristy of Gdańsk, Smoluchowskiego str. 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland.
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82
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Bhatta S, Sharma S, Sharma D, Maharjan L, Bhattachan S, Sah MK, Singhal A, Ghanpur AD, Ganesuni D. Study of Hearing Status in COVID-19 Patients: A Multicentered Review. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 74:3036-3042. [PMID: 34277385 PMCID: PMC8274964 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02710-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the hearing status of COVID-19 patients and compare with control group. Prospective study carried out in 9 institutes. The pure tone audiogram and impedance audiometry of COVID-19 patients performed initially and at 3 months follow up. The control group consisted COVID-19 negative individuals with no history of ear related diseases. The average of air and bone conduction threshold (AC and BC) were compared between the COVID-19 patients and control group using independent t-test with a p value of less than 0.05 considered significant. Total of 331 patients, age 32 ± 4.3 years, 66.7% males and 33.3% females were included in the study. There were 80 individuals in the control group. Aural symptoms were, tinnitus in 1.8%, aural fullness in 1.4%, hearing loss in 3. 9%, and ear ache in 1.8% were present initially, resolved at 3 months follow up. The impedance audiometry demonstrated type B and type C curve in 5.1% and 1.15% ears, and out of these 64.7% and 40% improved at 3 months follow up respectively. No significant difference observed between the average AC and BC of the COVID-19 patients and control group. The COVID-19 infection may present with aural symptoms; however, it was concluded that there was no significant difference in the hearing status of the COVID-19 positive patients in comparison to the control group. The presence of some changes in the normal functioning of the eustachian tube and middle ear in the COVID-19 infection was also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dibya Sharma
- Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Male', Maldives
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83
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Dusan M, Milan S, Nikola D. COVID-19 caused hearing loss. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:2363-2372. [PMID: 34235578 PMCID: PMC8263317 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine if there is a potential link between COVID-19 infection and hearing loss. Methods The prospective study was conducted in the COVID Hospital Clinical Centre Niš, Serbia. We performed tonal audiometry and used a custom questionnaire and medical histories to determine the incidence of hearing loss in COVID-19 positive patients. Results There were 74 patients with COVID-19 that met the inclusion criteria of this study and they composed our experimental group. Fifty-four (73%) were men and 20 (27%) women. There were 30 (40.5%) patients with hearing loss. Seventeen patients had unilateral and 13 had bilateral hearing loss. Significant differences between hearing loss groups and control group were found across all age groups, but not at all frequencies. No important differences were found when unilateral hearing loss and bilateral hearing loss groups were compared. There were no significant differences in distributions of comorbidities between the patients with hearing loss and normal hearing patients. Conclusions We found that 30 (40.5%) of the COVID-19 positive patients had sensorineural type of hearing loss. Across all age groups, there were statistically significant differences in frequencies between the COVID-19 positive patients and the control group. There were no significant differences in distributions of comorbidities between the patients with hearing loss and normal hearing patients. Distribution of unilateral and bilateral hearing loss and audiogram types was also not significantly different between the age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milisavljevic Dusan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Clinic Centre Nis, Bul. Zorana Đinđića 48, Nis, Serbia.
| | - Stankovic Milan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Clinic Centre Nis, Bul. Zorana Đinđića 48, Nis, Serbia
| | - Dordevic Nikola
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Clinic Centre Nis, Bul. Zorana Đinđića 48, Nis, Serbia
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84
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Ricciardiello F, Pisani D, Viola P, Cristiano E, Scarpa A, Giannone A, Longo G, Russo G, Bocchetti M, Coppola C, Perrella M, Oliva F, Chiarella G. Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Mild COVID-19: Case Series and Analysis of the Literature. Audiol Res 2021; 11:313-326. [PMID: 34287226 PMCID: PMC8293051 DOI: 10.3390/audiolres11030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is growing evidence of otoneurological involvement of SARS-CoV-2, such as tinnitus and balance disorders and smell and taste disorders, but HL in COVID-19 patients has still been marginally studied. Investigating the role of SARS-CoV-2 as an aetiological factor of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL) may offer the opportunity to address treatment strategies to maximize clinical recovery and avoid side effects. Methods and results: For this purpose, we will present case studies of five patients who experienced SSNHL during COVID-19. Patients were selected from COVID-19 positive adult subjects with mild clinical presentation, admitted to the outpatient Ear Nose and Throat Department of Cardarelli Hospital due to the onset of SSNHL during the infection. All underwent a complete audio-vestibular investigation before and after SSNHL treatment protocol. Each patient is described with a detailed analysis. Conclusions: SSNHL could be an occasional symptom of COVID-19, even in mild manifestations of the disease. Our experience leads us to underline the value of promptly recognizing and addressing this and other uncommon symptoms, giving patients the opportunity to receive early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Ricciardiello
- ENT Department, AORN Cardarelli, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (F.R.); (E.C.); (A.G.); (F.O.)
| | - Davide Pisani
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (P.V.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-096-1364-7124
| | - Pasquale Viola
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (P.V.); (G.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Cristiano
- ENT Department, AORN Cardarelli, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (F.R.); (E.C.); (A.G.); (F.O.)
| | - Alfonso Scarpa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Antonio Giannone
- ENT Department, AORN Cardarelli, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (F.R.); (E.C.); (A.G.); (F.O.)
| | | | - Giuseppe Russo
- Health Management AORN Cardarelli, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Marco Bocchetti
- Biogem Scarl, Molecular Oncology and Precision Medicine Laboratory, 83031 Irpino, Italy;
| | - Ciro Coppola
- Health Management AORN Cardarelli, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Marco Perrella
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department AORN Cardarelli, 80100 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Flavia Oliva
- ENT Department, AORN Cardarelli, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (F.R.); (E.C.); (A.G.); (F.O.)
| | - Giuseppe Chiarella
- Unit of Audiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (P.V.); (G.C.)
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Evaluation of cochlear functions in infants exposed to SARS-CoV-2 intrauterine. Am J Otolaryngol 2021; 42:102982. [PMID: 33621767 PMCID: PMC7890354 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.102982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) caused an acute respiratory illness named COVID-19 and the disease spread all over the World. Fever, cough, fatigue, gastrointestinal infection symptoms form the main clinical symptoms. Pregnants and newborns form a vulnerable population and urgent measures must be addressed. Studies about the effect of COVID-19 on pregnant women, developing fetuses, and infants are limited. Various viral diseases can cause congenital or acquired, unilateral or bilateral hearing loss. Methods 37 infants whose mother was pregnant between March 2020 and December 2020 and were born after the diagnosis of COVID- 19 during pregnancy and 36 healthy infants were included in the study. Transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE), distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and contralateral suppression of OAE (CLS OAE) tests were performed on all infants. Results According to the TEOAE results of patients and controls in the silent a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups at 3 kHz and 4 kHz (p < 0.05). Contralateral suppression of OAE test results of patients and controls a statistically significant difference was found in all frequencies (p< 0.05). Suppression was much more effective at all frequencies in the normal group than patient group. This difference was found to be more significant at higher frequencies (2,3 and 4 kHz) (p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results suggest an insufficiency in medial olivocochlear efferent system in infants exposed to SARS-CoV-2 intrauterine. Cochlear functions should be examined in infants whose mothers had COVID-19.
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Alves de Sousa F, Pinto Costa R, Xará S, Nóbrega Pinto A, Almeida e Sousa C. SARS-CoV-2 and hearing: An audiometric analysis of COVID-19 hospitalized patients. J Otol 2021; 16:158-164. [PMID: 33558808 PMCID: PMC7857034 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE COVID-19 associated hearing loss is still an ongoing matter of debate. No original studies exist on audiological effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients. The main objective was to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 may affect auditory function in clinically ill COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS COVID-19 patients with moderate-severe disease and without prior history of hearing abnormalities were enrolled from a tertiary referral center, and matched with controls. Participants performed an audiometric evaluation, and thresholds were compared. RESULTS 120 ears from 60 patients were enrolled. Patients with COVID-19 showed worse mean auditory thresholds starting from 1000 Hz through higher frequencies, when compared to controls (1000 Hz: 18.52 ± 5.49 dB HL in controls vs 25.36 ± 6.79 dB HL in COVID-19, p < 0.001; 2000Hz: 17.50 ± 5.57 dB HL in controls vs 21.96 ± 7.05 dB HL in COVID-19, p = 0.010; 3000Hz: 17.97 ± 8.07 dB HL in controls vs 25 ± 9.38 dB HL in COVID-19, p = 0.003; 4000 Hz: 20.16 ± 10.12 dB HL in controls vs 29.55 ± 11.26 dB HL in COVID-19, p = 0.001; 8000 Hz: 31.09 ± 12.75 dB HL in controls vs 40.71 ± 19.40 dB HL in COVID-19, p = 0.030; Pure Tone Average: 20.42 ± 4.29 dB HL in controls vs 24.85 ± 5.62 dB HL in COVID-19, p = 0.001). Statistical significance persisted after adjusting for confounders such as age, gender and various comorbidities (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 may affect hearing in COVID-19 patients with moderate-severe disease. Results are in line with the previous suggested effects of COVID-19 on auditory system. This study is expected to encourage further research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Alves de Sousa
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia da Cabeça e Pescoço (Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck surgery Department), Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Pinto Costa
- Unidade de Saúde Familiar Garcia de Orta, ACeS Porto Ocidental, Medicina Geral e Familiar (Family Medicine), R. Pinho Leal 29, 4150-620, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Xará
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Serviço de Doenças Infeciosas (Infectious Diseases Department), Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Nóbrega Pinto
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia da Cabeça e Pescoço (Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck surgery Department), Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cecília Almeida e Sousa
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Serviço de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia da Cabeça e Pescoço (Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck surgery Department), Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal
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Bhuskute A, Page N. Congenital and Neonatally Acquired Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Pediatr Ann 2021; 50:e292-e296. [PMID: 34264799 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20210629-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is one of the most common congenital diagnoses, recognized in large part by a robust newborn hearing screening program. Ensuring appropriate follow-up of failed newborn hearing screening is crucial to avoid delay in initiation of treatment for hearing loss. The most common etiology for congenital hearing loss is genetic, but some cases can be acquired. Understanding of the etiology aids in counseling for the family and in direction of treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment results in dramatically improved speech and developmental outcomes for affected children. Treatment including amplification, speech therapy, adaptations in the classroom, and family support leads to gains in academic performance, parental satisfaction, and quality of life. Early cochlear implantation has been shown to be beneficial in obtaining speech and language skills in patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss and should be considered in the appropriate patient population. [Pediatr Ann. 2021;50(7):e292-e296.].
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Rydwik E, Anmyr L, Regardt M, McAllister A, Zarenoe R, Åkerman E, Orrevall Y, Bragesjö M, Dahl O, Kemani MK, Nordstrand L, Ekman U, Holmström L, Nygren-Bonnier M. ReCOV: recovery and rehabilitation during and after COVID-19 - a study protocol of a longitudinal observational study on patients, next of kin and health care staff. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:70. [PMID: 34193260 PMCID: PMC8243048 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00299-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The knowledge of the long-term consequences of covid-19 is limited. In patients, symptoms such as fatigue, decreased physical, psychological, and cognitive function, and nutritional problems have been reported. How the disease has affected next of kin, as well as staff involved in the care of patients with covid-19, is also largely unknown. The overall aim of this study is therefore three-fold: (1) to describe and evaluate predictors of patient recovery, the type of rehabilitation received and patients' experiences of specialized rehabilitation following COVID-19 infection; (2) to study how next of kin experienced the hospital care of their relative and their experiences of the psychosocial support they received as well as their psychological wellbeing; (3) to describe experiences of caring for patients with COVID-19 and evaluate psychological wellbeing, coping mechanisms and predictors for development of psychological distress over time in health care staff. METHODS This observational longitudinal study consists of three cohorts; patients, next of kin, and health care staff. The assessments for the patients consist of physical tests (lung function, muscle strength, physical capacity) and questionnaires (communication and swallowing, nutritional status, hearing, activities of daily living, physical activity, fatigue, cognition) longitudinally at 3, 6 and 12 months. Patient records auditing (care, rehabilitation) will be done retrospectively at 12 months. Patients (3, 6 and 12 months), next of kin (6 months) and health care staff (baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months) will receive questionnaires regarding, health-related quality of life, depression, anxiety, sleeping disorders, and post-traumatic stress. Staff will also answer questionnaires about burnout and coping strategies. Interviews will be conducted in all three cohorts. DISCUSSION This study will be able to answer different research questions from a quantitative and qualitative perspective, by describing and evaluating long-term consequences and their associations with recovery, as well as exploring patients', next of kins' and staffs' views and experiences of the disease and its consequences. This will form a base for a deeper and better understanding of the consequences of the disease from different perspectives as well as helping the society to better prepare for a future pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rydwik
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
| | - L Anmyr
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Department of Social Work in Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Department of CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Regardt
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Occupational Therapy, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - A McAllister
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Speech and Language Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- CLINTEC, Division of Speech-Language Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Zarenoe
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Department of Social Work in Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - E Åkerman
- Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Function, Department of Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Y Orrevall
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Clinical Nutrition, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Bragesjö
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Medical Psychology Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - O Dahl
- Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Function, Department of Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - M K Kemani
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Medical Psychology Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Nordstrand
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Occupational Therapy, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Medical Psychology Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - U Ekman
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Medical Psychology Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - L Holmström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Medical Psychology Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - M Nygren-Bonnier
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Women's Health and Allied Health Professionals Theme, Medical Unit Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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Beukes E, Ulep AJ, Eubank T, Manchaiah V. The Impact of COVID-19 and the Pandemic on Tinnitus: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2763. [PMID: 34201831 PMCID: PMC8268057 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to systematically review what has been published regarding tinnitus during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic up to March 2021 by performing both narrative and quantitative meta-analyses. Of the 181 records identified, 33 met the inclusion criteria, which generally had a fair risk of overall bias. In the included, 28 studies focused on the impact of the COVID-19 virus on tinnitus and 5 studies focused on the impact of the pandemic on tinnitus. From the studies identifying the impact of COVID-19 on tinnitus, there were 17 cross-sectional studies (n = 8913) and 11 case series or case report studies (n = 35). There were 2 cross-sectional studies (n = 3232) and 3 pre-post-test design studies (n = 326) focusing on the impact of the pandemic on tinnitus. No consistent patterns were found regarding the presentation of the tinnitus or additional factors that could have tinnitus developing in the disease impact studies. For the pandemic impact studies, the associated stress and anxiety of the pandemic were consistently suggested to contribute to tinnitus experiences. The pooled estimated prevalence of tinnitus post COVID-19 was 8% (CI: 5 to 13%). Medical professionals should be aware that tinnitus might be more problematic following the pandemic or after having COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldre Beukes
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA; (A.J.U.); (T.E.); (V.M.)
- Vision and Hearing Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1TP, UK
| | - Alyssa Jade Ulep
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA; (A.J.U.); (T.E.); (V.M.)
| | - Taylor Eubank
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA; (A.J.U.); (T.E.); (V.M.)
| | - Vinaya Manchaiah
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA; (A.J.U.); (T.E.); (V.M.)
- Department of Speech and Hearing, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka 576104, India
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Auditory and Language Development Assessment of Newborns Aged One to Four Years Exposed to Gestational Zika Virus Infection: A Case Series. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126562. [PMID: 34207228 PMCID: PMC8296432 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The known neurotropism of the Zika virus (ZikV) suggests that auditory organs and their neural pathways may be affected by prenatal Zika infections. Among the possible manifestations are audiological and language disorders, but so far, the data in the literature are inconclusive. Objective: To describe early and late hearing disorders in children with Congenital Zika Virus Infection (CZVI) and evaluate the language development of this population between 14 and 47 months of age and its possible correlation with the alterations found in auditory exams. Methods: Longitudinal, prospective, observational study of newborns born in Juiz de Fora and its macroregion with confirmed diagnosis of ZikV infection during pregnancy. Participants were examined from one to four years of age for hearing using the transient otoacoustic emissions (TOAE) test, immittance testing and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP), and language using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development—Third Edition (Bayley III). Results: 15 participants were included; eight (53.33%) presented alterations in at least one of the hearing tests, one had an early loss (6%) of sensorineural origin, and seven (46.67%) had a poor language performance. In the three (20%) participants whose audiological exams were altered, there was language impairment, and two (13.33%) participants had extensive malformations in the central nervous system (CNS), presented language delay, and hearing exams were within normality. Conclusion: Infants and preschoolers with CZVI may present early neurosensory loss and late hearing loss with fluctuating character. Even if there were no significant association between the audiological exams results and the Bayley III performance, in the present sample, language development was below expectations for the age in the participants who had alterations in the three audiological exams, when there is early hearing loss or extensive lesions to the CNS. The results reinforce the importance of audiological examinations, especially the BAEP morphological and auditory threshold, in monitoring cases of CZVI until at least three years of age.
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Abstract
Congenital hearing loss is the most common birth defect, estimated to affect 2-3 in every 1000 births. Currently there is no cure for hearing loss. Treatment options are limited to hearing aids for mild and moderate cases, and cochlear implants for severe and profound hearing loss. Here we provide a literature overview of the environmental and genetic causes of congenital hearing loss, common animal models and methods used for hearing research, as well as recent advances towards developing therapies to treat congenital deafness. © 2021 The Authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Renauld
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Martin L Basch
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
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Dror AA, Kassis-Karayanni N, Oved A, Daoud A, Eisenbach N, Mizrachi M, Rayan D, Francis S, Layous E, Gutkovich YE, Taiber S, Srouji S, Chordekar S, Goldenstein S, Ziv Y, Ronen O, Gruber M, Avraham KB, Sela E. Auditory Performance in Recovered SARS-COV-2 Patients. Otol Neurotol 2021; 42:666-670. [PMID: 33967243 PMCID: PMC8115428 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While COVID-19 symptoms impact rhinology (anosmia) and laryngology (airways), two major disciplines of the otolaryngology armamentarium, the virus has seemed to spare the auditory system. A recent study, however, reported changes in otoacoustic emission (OAE) signals measured in SARS-COV-2 positive patients. We sought to assess the effect of COVID-19 infection on auditory performance in a cohort of recovered SARS-COV-2 patients and controls. To avoid a potential bias of previous audiological dysfunction not related to SARS-COV-2 infection, the study encompasses patients with normal auditory history. We hypothesized that if SARS-COV-2 infection predisposes to hearing loss, we would observe subtle and early audiometric deficits in our cohort in the form of subclinical auditory changes. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS The Institutional Review Board approved the study and we recruited participants who had been positive for SARS-COV-2 infection, according to an Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test on two nasopharyngeal swabs. The patients included in this study were asymptomatic for the SARS-COV-2 infection and were evaluated following recovery, confirmed by repeated swab testing. The control group comprised healthy individuals matched for age and sex, and with a normal auditory and otologic history. INTERVENTIONS The eligibility to participate in this study included a normal audiogram, no previous auditory symptoms, normal otoscopy examination with an intact tympanic membrane, and bilateral tympanometry type A. None of our volunteers reported any new auditory symptoms following SARS-COV-2 infection. Ototacoustic emissions (OAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements were used to evaluate the auditory function. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES OAE and ABR measurements. RESULTS We have found no significant differences between recovered asymptomatic SARS-COV-2 patients and controls in any of transitory evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE), distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), or ABR responses. CONCLUSIONS There is no cochlear dysfunction represented by ABR, TEOAE, and DPOAE responses in recovered COVID-19 asymptomatic patients. Retrocochlear function was also preserved as evident by the ABR responses. A long-term evaluation of a larger cohort of SARS-COV-2 patients will help to identify a possible contribution of SARS-COV-2 infection to recently published anecdotal auditory symptoms associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiel A. Dror
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya
| | - Najla Kassis-Karayanni
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya
| | - Adi Oved
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya
| | - Amani Daoud
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya
| | - Netanel Eisenbach
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya
| | - Matti Mizrachi
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya
| | - Doaa Rayan
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya
| | - Shawky Francis
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya
| | - Eli Layous
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya
| | - Yoni Evgeni Gutkovich
- Motion Sickness and Human Performance Laboratory, The Israel Naval Medical Institute, Haifa
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya
| | - Shahar Taiber
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry
| | - Samer Srouji
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya
| | - Shai Chordekar
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya
- Department of Communication Disorders, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
- Speech & Hearing Center, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sonia Goldenstein
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya
| | - Yael Ziv
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya
| | - Ohad Ronen
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya
| | - Maayan Gruber
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya
| | | | - Eyal Sela
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya
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Yang TH, Huang HM, Hsu WC, Tsao PN, Liu TC, Hsu CJ, Huang LM, Wu CS, Weng SM, Lu CY, Wu CC. The prevalence and demographic features of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in an urban area of East Asia: A population-based study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248801. [PMID: 33765031 PMCID: PMC7993615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the leading environmental cause of childhood hearing impairment. However, its significance remains largely undocumented in many regions of the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical features of cCMV infection in East Asia. Neonates born at a municipal hospital in Taipei were prospectively recruited and underwent concurrent hearing and CMV screenings. Those who failed the hearing screening or screened positive for CMV were subjected to a focused audiological and/or virological surveillance. The characteristics of the newborns and their mothers were compared between the CMV-positive and CMV-negative groups. Of the 1,532 newborns who underwent concurrent hearing and CMV screenings, seven (0.46%) were positive for cCMV infection. All seven CMV-positive newborns were asymptomatic at birth, and none of them developed hearing or other symptoms during a follow-up period of 14.4±6.3 months. The mothers of the CMV-positive newborns demonstrated higher gravidity (2.4 ± 1.4 vs. 2.1 ± 1.2) and parity (2.0 ± 1.2 vs. 1.6 ± 0.7) than those in the CMV-negative group; however, the difference did not reach statistical significance. The prevalence of cCMV infection in Taipei newborns was 0.46%, which is slightly lower than that of other populations and that of a previous report in the Taiwanese population. The relatively low prevalence in this study might be attributed to the improved public health system and decreased fertility rate in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Hann Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, National Taipei University of Nursing Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.,General Education Center, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Meng Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Nien Tsao
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chen Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Jen Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Song Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Weng
- Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, National Taipei University of Nursing Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chi Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Biomedical Park Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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94
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Almufarrij I, Munro KJ. One year on: an updated systematic review of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and audio-vestibular symptoms. Int J Audiol 2021; 60:935-945. [PMID: 33750252 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2021.1896793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to systematically review the literature to December 2020, in order to provide a timely summary of evidence on SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and audio-vestibular symptoms. DESIGN The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. The methods were developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the National Institutes of Heath quality assessment tools. STUDY SAMPLE After rejecting 850 records, 28 case reports/series and 28 cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS There are multiple reports of hearing loss (e.g. sudden sensorineural), tinnitus and rotatory vertigo in adults having a wide range of COVID-19 symptom severity. The pooled estimate of prevalence based primarily on retrospective recall of symptoms, was 7.6% (CI: 2.5-15.1), 14.8% (CI: 6.3-26.1) and 7.2% (CI: 0.01-26.4), for hearing loss, tinnitus and rotatory vertigo, respectively. However, these could be an over-estimate because it was not always clear that studies report a change in symptom. CONCLUSION There are multiple reports of audio-vestibular symptoms associated with COVID-19. However, there is a dearth of high-quality studies comparing COVID-19 cases and controls. REVIEW REGISTRATION Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO); registration number CRD42020227038).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Almufarrij
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kevin J Munro
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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95
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Reading JCS, Hall A, Nash R. Paediatric Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Pooled Analysis and Systematic Review. J Int Adv Otol 2021; 17:64-71. [PMID: 33605224 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2020.8902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is defined as hearing loss of ≥30 dB in one or both ears, developing within 3 days, affecting ≥3 contiguous frequencies. It is rare in children, but if untreated can cause significant morbidity. During the critical developmental period, it may cause lifelong social, behavioral, and mental sequelae. Currently, little guidance exists on prognosis and management within a pediatric population. A systematic literature review of pediatric SSNHL on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane CENTRAL database was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations. A total of 620 papers met the Medical Subject Headings criteria, of which 14 met analysis criteria-13 were level 4 and 1 was level 2b evidence. A population of 732 individuals was analyzed. Most reported cases of pediatric SSNHL were idiopathic. Other etiologies included viral infection, trauma, ototoxic drugs, and structural abnormalities. Recovery was defined as any improvement in hearing after the initial loss, from "slight" to "complete." Recovery ranged from 20% to 100%, with a pooled rate of 56%. Systemic steroids were the mainstay of treatment, although salvage intratympanic steroid therapy had a role after the failure of systemic steroids. Children with bilateral SSNHL had poorer outcomes than those with unilateral loss, with 29% showing improvement. Two studies reported outcomes with no treatment, for which recovery rate was 7%. This analysis of SSNHL shows that 61% of children with unilateral and 29% of children with bilateral SSNHL demonstrate some recovery, a worse prognosis than adults. Multiple treatment regimens exist, although comparison is challenging owing to inconsistently reported improvement parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Hall
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Robert Nash
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
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96
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Aguilar Ticona JP, Nery N, Ladines-Lim JB, Gambrah C, Sacramento G, de Paula Freitas B, Bouzon J, Oliveira-Filho J, Borja A, Adhikarla H, Montoya M, Chin A, Wunder EA, Ballalai V, Vieira C, Belfort R, P. Almeida AR, Reis MG, Harris E, Ko AI, Costa F. Developmental outcomes in children exposed to Zika virus in utero from a Brazilian urban slum cohort study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009162. [PMID: 33544730 PMCID: PMC7891708 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of developmental alterations associated with in-utero Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure in children is not well understood. Furthermore, estimation of the Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) of developmental alterations attributed to ZIKV has not been performed due to lack of population-based cohorts with data on symptomatic and asymptomatic ZIKV exposures and an appropriate control group. The aim of this study was to characterize neurodevelopmental outcomes of children at 11 to 32 months of age with intrauterine ZIKV exposure and estimate the PAF of alterations secondary to ZIKV exposure. Methodology/Principal findings We performed a cohort of biannual community-based prospective serosurveys in a slum community in Salvador, Brazil. We recruited women participating in our cohort, with a documented pregnancy from January 2015 to December 2016 and children born to those mothers. Children were classified as ZIKV exposed in utero (born from women with ZIKV seroconversion during pregnancy) or unexposed (born from women without ZIKV seroconversion or that seroconverted before/after pregnancy) by using an IgG monoclonal antibody blockade-of-binding (BoB). We interviewed mothers and performed anthropometric, audiometric, ophthalmological, neurologic, and neurodevelopmental evaluations of their children at 11 to 32 months of age. Among the 655 women participating in the cohort, 66 (10%) were pregnant during the study period. 46 (70%) of them completed follow-up, of whom ZIKV seroconversion occurred before, during, and after pregnancy in 25 (54%), 13 (28%), and 1 (2%), respectively. The rest of women, 7 (21.2%), did not present ZIKV seroconversion. At 11 to 32 months of life, the 13 ZIKV-exposed children had increased risk of mild cognitive delay (RR 5.1; 95%CI 1.1–24.4) compared with the 33 children unexposed, with a PAF of 53.5%. Exposed children also had increased risk of altered auditory behavior (RR 6.0; 95%CI 1.3–26.9), with a PAF of 59.5%. Conclusions A significant proportion of children exposed in utero to ZIKV developed mild cognitive delay and auditory behavioral abnormalities even in the absence of gross birth defects such as microcephaly and other neurodevelopmental domains. Furthermore, our findings suggest that over half of these abnormalities could be attributed to intrauterine ZIKV exposure. ZIKV is a neurotropic virus associated with congenital abnormalities that have been grouped under congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), the most prominent being microcephaly. Recent studies have uncovered a spectrum of other abnormalities. However, what remains unclear is the Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) of developmental alterations attributable to ZIKV intrauterine exposure in children (> one year of life). In this population-based cohort study, we found that children (without microcephaly) exposed in utero to ZIKV have an increased incidence of mild cognitive delay and auditory behavior abnormalities, with over half of these events attributable to intrauterine exposure. The results of this study suggest that more than half of alterations found in the population study can be attributed to intrauterine ZIKV exposure, thus demonstrating the importance of monitoring apparently healthy children born during the epidemic, even to asymptomatic mothers. Health services should implement early interventions to limit the morbidity of congenital ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nivison Nery
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz,Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Joseph B. Ladines-Lim
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Claudia Gambrah
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Gielson Sacramento
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz,Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bruno de Paula Freitas
- Hospital Geral Roberto Santos (HGRS), Salvador, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jamary Oliveira-Filho
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Programa de Pòs-Graduação em Ciencias da Saude (PPgCS) Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ana Borja
- Departamento de Fonoaudiologia. Instituto de Ciências da Saúde. Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Haritha Adhikarla
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Magelda Montoya
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Athena Chin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Elsio A. Wunder
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz,Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | | | - Carina Vieira
- Hospital Geral Roberto Santos (HGRS), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rubens Belfort
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mitermayer G. Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz,Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz,Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AIK); (FC)
| | - Federico Costa
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz,Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AIK); (FC)
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97
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Karimi-Boroujeni M, Zahedi-Amiri A, Coombs KM. Embryonic Origins of Virus-Induced Hearing Loss: Overview of Molecular Etiology. Viruses 2021; 13:71. [PMID: 33419104 PMCID: PMC7825458 DOI: 10.3390/v13010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss, one of the most prevalent chronic health conditions, affects around half a billion people worldwide, including 34 million children. The World Health Organization estimates that the prevalence of disabling hearing loss will increase to over 900 million people by 2050. Many cases of congenital hearing loss are triggered by viral infections during different stages of pregnancy. However, the molecular mechanisms by which viruses induce hearing loss are not sufficiently explored, especially cases that are of embryonic origins. The present review first describes the cellular and molecular characteristics of the auditory system development at early stages of embryogenesis. These developmental hallmarks, which initiate upon axial specification of the otic placode as the primary root of the inner ear morphogenesis, involve the stage-specific regulation of several molecules and pathways, such as retinoic acid signaling, Sonic hedgehog, and Wnt. Different RNA and DNA viruses contributing to congenital and acquired hearing loss are then discussed in terms of their potential effects on the expression of molecules that control the formation of the auditory and vestibular compartments following otic vesicle differentiation. Among these viruses, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus appear to have the most effect upon initial molecular determinants of inner ear development. Moreover, of the molecules governing the inner ear development at initial stages, SOX2, FGFR3, and CDKN1B are more affected by viruses causing either congenital or acquired hearing loss. Abnormalities in the function or expression of these molecules influence processes like cochlear development and production of inner ear hair and supporting cells. Nevertheless, because most of such virus-host interactions were studied in unrelated tissues, further validations are needed to confirm whether these viruses can mediate the same effects in physiologically relevant models simulating otic vesicle specification and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Karimi-Boroujeni
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Ali Zahedi-Amiri
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Kevin M. Coombs
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada;
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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98
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Walsh H, Zuwala J, Hunter J, Oh Y. Congenital Cytomegalovirus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Effects on Hearing, Speech and Language Development, and Clinical Outcomes in Children. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:771192. [PMID: 34976894 PMCID: PMC8716614 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.771192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal infections can have adverse effects on an infant's hearing, speech, and language development. Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are two such infections that may lead to these complications, especially when left untreated. CMV is commonly associated with sensorineural hearing loss in children, and it can also be associated with anatomical abnormalities in the central nervous system responsible for speech, language, and intellectual acquisition. In terms of speech, language, and hearing, HIV is most associated with conductive and/or sensorineural hearing loss and expressive language deficits. Children born with these infections may benefit from cochlear implantation for severe to profound sensorineural hearing losses and/or speech therapy for speech/language deficits. CMV and HIV simultaneously present in infants has not been thoroughly studied, but one may hypothesize these speech, language, and hearing deficits to be present with potentially higher severity. Early identification of the infection in combination with early intervention strategies yields better results for these children than no identification or intervention. The purpose of this review was to investigate how congenital CMV and/or HIV may affect hearing, speech, and language development in children, and the importance of early identification for these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Walsh
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jillian Zuwala
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jessica Hunter
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yonghee Oh
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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99
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do Amaral YNDV, Malacarne J, Brandão PG, Brasil P, Nielsen-Saines K, Moreira MEL. Time to Evaluate the Clinical Repercussions of Zika Virus Vertical Transmission? A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:699115. [PMID: 34526920 PMCID: PMC8435783 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.699115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vertical transmission of Zika Virus (ZIKV) can be associated with several clinical features in newborn infants. The goal of the present review was to analyze the current state of knowledge regarding clinical repercussions following perinatal exposure to ZIKV in children up to 3 years of age. Methods: A systematic review of published studies was carried out, without the restriction of language or date of publication, identified in the databases PubMed, Virtual Health Library (BVS), Scopus, and Web of Science and the catalog for CAPES theses and dissertations. According to the proposed flowchart, the bibliographic search resulted in 1,563 papers. Of these, according to the eligibility criteria, 70 were selected for systematic review; all were published between 2016 and 2021. Results: Regarding clinical findings, 19 papers evaluated clinical imaging alterations, 21 ophthalmic manifestations, and 39 evaluated the central nervous system; of these, 15 analyzed neuro-psychomotor development. The remainder evaluated audiological (n = 14), nutritional (n = 14), orthopedic (n = 7), cardiorespiratory (n = 5), genitourinary (n = 3) or endocrinological (n = 1) manifestations. Conclusion: It is critical for studies to continue monitoring children with antenatal ZIKV exposure as they grow, given the unknown long-term repercussions of ZIKV and the recognized postnatal complications of this infection during pregnancy. Broader descriptions of observed clinical findings are also important in order to characterize the entire spectrum of disease in children. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO REGISTER: CRD42020205947.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jocieli Malacarne
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto Fernandes Figueira, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Brasil
- Department of Acute Febrile Illnesses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karin Nielsen-Saines
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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100
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Dziemba OC, Aristeidou A, Brill S. Slope of electrically evoked compound action potential amplitude growth function is site-dependent. Cochlear Implants Int 2020; 22:136-147. [PMID: 33297870 DOI: 10.1080/14670100.2020.1853956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In human cochlear implant (CI) recipients, the slope of the electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) amplitude growth function (AGF) is not very well investigated, in comparison to the threshold derived from the AGF. This is despite the fact that it was shown in animal experiments that the slope correlates with the number of excitable neurons. The rationale of this study was to establish baseline data of the AGF slope for possible clinical applications, while investigating stability over time and dependence on cochlear site. DESIGN ECAP AGFs of 16 ears implanted with MED-EL CIs were recorded on all electrode contacts during the normal clinical routine at 4 different points in time. RESULTS Due to patient availability, not all 16 ears could be measured at all 4 points in time. A dependence of the slope on the electrode position was visible and statistically significant: At the three electrode contacts at the apical end of the array, the slope is greater compared to the medial and basal region of the cochlea. CONCLUSION The three most apical electrode contacts show greater slopes of ECAP AGF recordings. Our data of the cohort slopes show mild effects between the 4 different points in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C Dziemba
- Department of ENT, Head & Neck Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Aristotelis Aristeidou
- Department of ENT, Head & Neck Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Brill
- MED-EL Elektromedizinische Geräte Deutschland GmbH, Starnberg, Germany
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