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Zhang D, Wang Y, Dai Y, Wang J, Suo T, Pan H, Liu H, Shen S, Liu H. Downregulation of RIP140 in hepatocellular carcinoma promoted the growth and migration of the cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2077-85. [PMID: 25391428 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies with a poor response to chemotherapy. It is very important to identify novel diagnosis biomarkers and therapeutic targets. RIP140, a regulator of estrogen receptor, recently has been found to be involved in the tumorigenesis. However, its function in the progression of HCC remains poorly understood. Here, we found that the expression of RIP140 was downregulated in the HCC tissues. Moreover, overexpression of RIP140 in HCC cells inhibited cell proliferation and migration, while downregulation of RIP140 promoted the tumorigenicity of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RIP140 interacted with beta-catenin and negatively regulated beta-catenin/TCF signaling. Taken together, our study suggests the suppressive roles of RIP140 in the pathogenesis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiang Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, General Surgery Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Anti-apoptotic NF-κB and "gain of function" mutp53 in concert act pro-apoptotic in response to UVB+IL-1 via enhanced TNF production. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:851-860. [PMID: 25380350 PMCID: PMC4340977 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In response to genotoxic stress, including UVB radiation, transcription factors NF-κB and p53 inevitably influence the cellular fate. Loss of p53 function has been attributed to malignant transformation and interferes with therapeutic interventions, whereas “gain of function” mutants even enhance tumor promotion. Constitutive NF-κB activation is linked to tumor maintenance and resistance against chemotherapy. The cross talk between p53 and NF-κB, however, is still under debate. Using the non-transformed keratinocyte cell line HaCaT, we shed light on the interplay between p53 and NF-κB by providing clear evidence that chronically activated NF-κB together with designated “gain of function” mutp53 promotes apoptosis via cooperative tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production in response to UVB+IL-1. Performing chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis we demonstrate that both transcription factors bind to the TNF promoter, whereas UVB-induced inhibition of Ser-Thr-phosphatase protein phosphatase 2A facilitates prolonged phosphorylation of NF-κB and the transcriptional cofactor cAMP response element–binding protein, both being required for extended TNF transcription. Thus, two major anti-apoptotic factors, NF-κB and mutp53, in concert may generate pro-apoptotic responses. As human skin is constantly exposed to UVB, causing IL-1 production as well, we hypothesize that the remarkable amount of hotspot p53 mutations within the epidermis (4%) may serve a protective function to eliminate precancerous cells at an early stage.
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Rosell M, Nevedomskaya E, Stelloo S, Nautiyal J, Poliandri A, Steel JH, Wessels LFA, Carroll JS, Parker MG, Zwart W. Complex formation and function of estrogen receptor α in transcription requires RIP140. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5469-79. [PMID: 25145671 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RIP140 is a transcriptional coregulator involved in energy homeostasis, ovulation, and mammary gland development. Although conclusive evidence is lacking, reports have implicated a role for RIP140 in breast cancer. Here, we explored the mechanistic role of RIP140 in breast cancer and its involvement in estrogen receptor α (ERα) transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Using ChIP-seq analysis, we demonstrate that RIP140 shares more than 80% of its binding sites with ERα, colocalizing with its interaction partners FOXA1, GATA3, p300, CBP, and p160 family members at H3K4me1-demarcated enhancer regions. RIP140 is required for ERα-complex formation, ERα-mediated gene expression, and ERα-dependent breast cancer cell proliferation. Genes affected following RIP140 silencing could be used to stratify tamoxifen-treated breast cancer cohorts, based on clinical outcome. Importantly, this gene signature was only effective in endocrine-treated conditions. Cumulatively, our data suggest that RIP140 plays an important role in ERα-mediated transcriptional regulation in breast cancer and response to tamoxifen treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Rosell
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ekaterina Nevedomskaya
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan Stelloo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaya Nautiyal
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ariel Poliandri
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer H Steel
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm G Parker
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Essandoh K, Fan GC. Role of extracellular and intracellular microRNAs in sepsis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:2155-2162. [PMID: 25086335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is the major cause of death in the intensive care unit (ICU). Numerous biomarkers have been studied to identify the cause and severity of sepsis but these factors cannot differentiate between infectious and non-infectious inflammatory response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNA transcripts that regulate the expression of genes by repressing translation or degrading mRNA. Importantly, miRNAs can be released outside cells and easily detectable in bodily fluids such as blood, sweat, urine and breast milk. Numerous studies have explored the idea of utilizing extracellular miRNAs as biomarkers for sepsis by profiling the dysregulation of miRNAs in blood samples of sepsis patients. So far, miR-223, miR-146a and miR-150 have been identified to have promising prognostic and diagnostic value to sepsis. In addition, various intracellular miRNAs have been implicated to play critical roles in regulating the TLR-NF-κB pathway, which is a well-known inflammatory signaling pathway involved in the process of sepsis. Here, we summarize the recent progress on the role of extracellular and intracellular miRNAs in sepsis. Specifically, we discuss the possible role of circulating miRNA biomarkers for the diagnosis of sepsis and how intracellular miRNAs regulate the inflammatory responses in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobina Essandoh
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States.
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55
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Zhang L, Chen Y, Yue Z, He Y, Zou J, Chen S, Liu M, Chen X, Liu Z, Liu X, Feng X, Li M, Liu P. The p65 subunit of NF-κB involves in RIP140-mediated inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation in cardiomyocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 554:22-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
MOTIVATION Several types of studies, including genome-wide association studies and RNA interference screens, strive to link genes to diseases. Although these approaches have had some success, genetic variants are often only present in a small subset of the population, and screens are noisy with low overlap between experiments in different labs. Neither provides a mechanistic model explaining how identified genes impact the disease of interest or the dynamics of the pathways those genes regulate. Such mechanistic models could be used to accurately predict downstream effects of knocking down pathway members and allow comprehensive exploration of the effects of targeting pairs or higher-order combinations of genes. RESULTS We developed methods to model the activation of signaling and dynamic regulatory networks involved in disease progression. Our model, SDREM, integrates static and time series data to link proteins and the pathways they regulate in these networks. SDREM uses prior information about proteins' likelihood of involvement in a disease (e.g. from screens) to improve the quality of the predicted signaling pathways. We used our algorithms to study the human immune response to H1N1 influenza infection. The resulting networks correctly identified many of the known pathways and transcriptional regulators of this disease. Furthermore, they accurately predict RNA interference effects and can be used to infer genetic interactions, greatly improving over other methods suggested for this task. Applying our method to the more pathogenic H5N1 influenza allowed us to identify several strain-specific targets of this infection. AVAILABILITY SDREM is available from http://sb.cs.cmu.edu/sdrem. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Gitter
- Computer Science Department and Lane Center for Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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57
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Toubal A, Treuter E, Clément K, Venteclef N. Genomic and epigenomic regulation of adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24:625-34. [PMID: 24169451 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of adipose tissue is viewed as a hallmark of obesity and contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. According to current models, nutrient excess causes metabolic and structural changes in adipocytes, which initiate transcriptional programs leading to the expression of inflammatory molecules and the subsequent recruitment of immune cells. Recent advances in deciphering the underlying mechanisms revealed that key regulatory events occur at the genomic and epigenomic levels. Here we review these advances because they offer a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the complex obesogenic program in adipose tissue, and because they may help in defining new therapeutic strategies that prevent, restrict, and resolve inflammation in the context of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Toubal
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris 75013, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 872, Team 7 Nutriomique, Paris 75006, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Cordeliers Research Center, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) S872, Paris75006, France
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58
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Nautiyal J, Christian M, Parker MG. Distinct functions for RIP140 in development, inflammation, and metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2013; 24:451-9. [PMID: 23742741 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) regulate tissue development and function by controlling transcription from distinct sets of genes in response to fluctuating levels of hormones or cues that modulate receptor activity. Such target gene activation or repression depends on the recruitment of coactivators or corepressors that lead to chromatin remodelling in the vicinity of target genes. Similarly to receptors, coactivators and corepressors often serve pleiotropic functions, and Nrip1 (RIP140) is no exception, playing roles in animal development and physiology. At first sight, however, RIP140 is unusual in its ability to function either as a coactivator or as a corepressor, and also serve a cytoplasmic role. The functions of RIP140 in different tissues will be summarised together with its potential contribution to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Nautiyal
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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59
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Nautiyal J, Steel JH, Mane MR, Oduwole O, Poliandri A, Alexi X, Wood N, Poutanen M, Zwart W, Stingl J, Parker MG. The transcriptional co-factor RIP140 regulates mammary gland development by promoting the generation of key mitogenic signals. Development 2013; 140:1079-89. [PMID: 23404106 PMCID: PMC3583043 DOI: 10.1242/dev.085720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor interacting protein (Nrip1), also known as RIP140, is a co-regulator for nuclear receptors that plays an essential role in ovulation by regulating the expression of the epidermal growth factor-like family of growth factors. Although several studies indicate a role for RIP140 in breast cancer, its role in the development of the mammary gland is unclear. By using RIP140-null and RIP140 transgenic mice, we demonstrate that RIP140 is an essential factor for normal mammary gland development and that it functions by mediating oestrogen signalling. RIP140-null mice exhibit minimal ductal elongation with no side-branching, whereas RIP140-overexpressing mice show increased cell proliferation and ductal branching with age. Tissue recombination experiments demonstrate that RIP140 expression is required in both the mammary epithelial and stromal compartments for ductal elongation during puberty and that loss of RIP140 leads to a catastrophic loss of the mammary epithelium, whereas RIP140 overexpression augments the mammary basal cell population and shifts the progenitor/differentiated cell balance within the luminal cell compartment towards the progenitors. For the first time, we present a genome-wide global view of oestrogen receptor-α (ERα) binding events in the developing mammary gland, which unravels 881 ERα binding sites. Unbiased evaluation of several ERα binding sites for RIP140 co-occupancy reveals selectivity and demonstrates that RIP140 acts as a co-regulator with ERα to regulate directly the expression of amphiregulin (Areg), the progesterone receptor (Pgr) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a (Stat5a), factors that influence key mitogenic pathways that regulate normal mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Nautiyal
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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60
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Lapierre M, Docquier A, Castet-Nicolas A, Jalaguier S, Teyssier C, Augereau P, Cavaillès V. Dialogue between estrogen receptor and E2F signaling pathways: The transcriptional coregulator RIP140 at the crossroads. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.410a3006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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62
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Katsouri L, Blondrath K, Sastre M. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ cofactors in neurodegeneration. IUBMB Life 2012; 64:958-64. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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63
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Ho PC, Wei LN. Biological activities of receptor-interacting protein 140 in adipocytes and metabolic diseases. Curr Diabetes Rev 2012; 8:452-7. [PMID: 22934550 PMCID: PMC5560868 DOI: 10.2174/157339912803529922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is best known for its functional role as a wide-spectrum transcriptional co-regulator. It is highly expressed in metabolic tissues including mature adipocyte. In the past decade, molecular biological and biochemical studies revealed extensive and sequential post-translational modifications (PTMs) of RIP140. Some of these PTMs affect RIP140's sub-cellular distribution and biological activities that contribute to the development and progression of metabolic diseases. The biological activity of RIP140 that translocates to the cytoplasm in adipocytes is to regulate glucose uptake, adiponectin secretion and lipolysis. Accumulation of RIP140 in the cytoplasm promotes adipocyte dysfunctions, and provides a biomarker of early stages of metabolic diseases. Administering compounds that reduce cytoplasmic accumulation of RIP140 in high fat diet-fed animals can ameliorate metabolic dysfunctions, manifested in improving insulin sensitivity and adiponectin secretion, and reducing incidences of hepatic steatosis. This review summarizes studies demonstrating RIP140's PTMs and biological activities in the cytoplasm of adipocyte, signaling pathways stimulating these PTMs, and a proof-of-concept that targeting cytoplasmic RIP140 can be an effective strategy in managing metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li-Na Wei
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School 6-120 Jackson Hall 321 Church Street SE Minneapolis, MN 55455-0217, USA; Tel: 612-625-9402; Fax: 612-625-8408;
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64
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Chen X, Cao W, Chen S, Xu S, Huang H, Liu P. Roles of transcriptional corepressor RIP140 and coactivator PGC-1α in energy state of chronically infarcted rat hearts and mitochondrial function of cardiomyocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 362:11-8. [PMID: 22503866 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivator PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and corepressor receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) are opposing-functional regulators in maintaining energy balance of most metabolic tissues and cells. However, the relative contributions of both factors to energy metabolism in cardiomyocytes remain largely unknown. Herein, we reported that the relative protein levels of RIP140/PGC-1α were up-regulated in the failing hearts after chronic myocardial infarction (MI), and correlated negatively with the energy state index phosphocreatine (PCr)/ATP ratios. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that mRNA expressions of estrogen related receptor α (ERRα), peroxisome proliferate activated receptor α and β (PPARα, PPARβ), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and their target genes were repressed by RIP140 and induced by PGC-1α in a dose dependent manner in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. We also observed that overexpression of RIP140 through adenovirus delivery can abrogate the PGC-1α-mediated induction of mitochondrial membrane potential elevation and mitochondrial biogenesis, and activate both autophagy and apoptosis pathways. We conclude that RIP140 and PGC-1α exert antagonistic role in regulating cardiac energy state and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/physiology
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Energy Metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/pathology
- Male
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/physiology
- Mitochondrial Turnover
- Myocardial Infarction/blood
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/physiology
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/physiology
- Nuclear Receptor Interacting Protein 1
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha
- Phosphocreatine/metabolism
- Primary Cell Culture
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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65
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Constantinescu S, Turcotte LP. Genetic downregulation of receptor-interacting protein 140 uncovers the central role of Akt signalling in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle cells. Exp Physiol 2012; 98:514-25. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.068833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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66
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Nedelko T, Kollmus H, Klawonn F, Spijker S, Lu L, Heßman M, Alberts R, Williams RW, Schughart K. Distinct gene loci control the host response to influenza H1N1 virus infection in a time-dependent manner. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:411. [PMID: 22905720 PMCID: PMC3479429 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is strong but mostly circumstantial evidence that genetic factors modulate the severity of influenza infection in humans. Using genetically diverse but fully inbred strains of mice it has been shown that host sequence variants have a strong influence on the severity of influenza A disease progression. In particular, C57BL/6J, the most widely used mouse strain in biomedical research, is comparatively resistant. In contrast, DBA/2J is highly susceptible. Results To map regions of the genome responsible for differences in influenza susceptibility, we infected a family of 53 BXD-type lines derived from a cross between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J strains with influenza A virus (PR8, H1N1). We monitored body weight, survival, and mean time to death for 13 days after infection. Qivr5 (quantitative trait for influenza virus resistance on chromosome 5) was the largest and most significant QTL for weight loss. The effect of Qivr5 was detectable on day 2 post infection, but was most pronounced on days 5 and 6. Survival rate mapped to Qivr5, but additionally revealed a second significant locus on chromosome 19 (Qivr19). Analysis of mean time to death affirmed both Qivr5 and Qivr19. In addition, we observed several regions of the genome with suggestive linkage. There are potentially complex combinatorial interactions of the parental alleles among loci. Analysis of multiple gene expression data sets and sequence variants in these strains highlights about 30 strong candidate genes across all loci that may control influenza A susceptibility and resistance. Conclusions We have mapped influenza susceptibility loci to chromosomes 2, 5, 16, 17, and 19. Body weight and survival loci have a time-dependent profile that presumably reflects the temporal dynamic of the response to infection. We highlight candidate genes in the respective intervals and review their possible biological function during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Nedelko
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
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67
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Huhtinen K, Ståhle M, Perheentupa A, Poutanen M. Estrogen biosynthesis and signaling in endometriosis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 358:146-54. [PMID: 21875644 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecological disease where endometrium-like tissue grows outside uterine cavity. Endometriotic cell proliferation is stimulated by estrogens acting predominantly via their nuclear receptors. Estrogen receptors (ESR1, ESR2) are ligand activated transcription factors whose activation is dependent on the cell-specific dynamic expression of the receptors, on the interacting proteins and on the ligand availability. The different types of endometriotic lesions, peritoneal, deep, and ovarian endometriosis, may respond to estrogens differentially due to differences in the expression of the receptors and interacting proteins, and due to potential differences in the ligand availability regulated by the local estrogen synthesis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of estrogen synthesizing enzymes and estrogen receptors in different types of endometriosis lesions. Further studies are still needed to define the possible differences in steroid metabolism in different types of endometriotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Huhtinen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
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68
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Schmitt E, Ballou MA, Correa MN, DePeters EJ, Drackley JK, Loor JJ. Dietary lipid during the transition period to manipulate subcutaneous adipose tissue peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-regulator and target gene expression. J Dairy Sci 2012; 94:5913-25. [PMID: 22118082 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives were to determine adipose tissue mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ co-regulators, target enzymes and transcription regulators, inflammation-related genes, and adipokines in response to dietary long-chain fatty acids (LCFA). From -21 through 10 d relative to parturition cows were fed no supplemental LCFA (control), saturated LCFA (SFAT; mainly 16:0 and 18:0), or fish oil (FO). Lipid was fed at 250 g/d prepartum or approximately 1.5 to 1.9% of the previous day's dry matter intake postpartum. Transcript profiling of 35 genes via quantitative PCR was conducted on biopsies (n=5 cows/diet) collected at -14 and 11 d from parturition. Despite lower dry matter intake with FO, pre- and postpartal blood nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, and liver triacylglycerol were unaffected by treatment but increased after calving regardless of diet. Prepartal expression of adipogenic/lipogenic transcription regulators [CEBPA, CEBPB, RXRA, KLF5, and MLXIPL (formerly ChREBP)] and co-regulators (CARM1, EP300, NCOA1, MED1, NCOR2, and NRIP1) was upregulated by FO and SFAT versus control, whereas most enzymes involved in lipogenesis/triacylglycerol synthesis (FASN, SCD, DGAT2, and LPIN1) had greater expression only with FO. Expression of most adipogenic/lipogenic genes decreased after parturition, but feeding SFAT led to sustained upregulation of CEBPA, CEBPB, RXRA, several PPAR-co-activators, and DGAT2 and SCD, suggesting maintenance of a pro-adipogenic/pro-lipogenic state with SFAT. The co-activator CREBBP was greater in cows fed lipid and did not decrease after parturition, suggesting ligand activation of PPARγ. The greater peripartal expression of NFKB1 and TBK1 due to dietary lipid was suggestive of a local inflammatory response. At amounts fed prepartum, both FO and SFAT were effective in upregulating the adipose tissue PPARγ-gene network. In contrast, only SFAT led to sustaining that response. Overall, the observed expression patterns are suggestive of an adipogenic regulatory mechanism particularly responsive to SFAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schmitt
- Departamento Clínicas Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, NUPEEC, Campus Universitário, 96010-900 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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69
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Ho PC, Tsui YC, Feng X, Greaves DR, Wei LN. NF-κB-mediated degradation of the coactivator RIP140 regulates inflammatory responses and contributes to endotoxin tolerance. Nat Immunol 2012; 13:379-86. [PMID: 22388040 PMCID: PMC3309172 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endotoxin tolerance (ET) triggered by prior exposure to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands provides a mechanism to dampen inflammatory cytokines. Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) interacts with NF-κB to regulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes. We identify lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of Syk-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation on RIP140 and RelA interaction with RIP140. These events increase recruitment of SOCS1-Rbx1 (SCF) E3 ligase to tyrosine-phosphorylated RIP140, thereby degrading RIP140 to inactivate inflammatory cytokine genes. Macrophages expressing a non-degradable RIP140 were resistant to the establishment of ET for specific genes. The results reveal RelA as an adaptor for SCF ubiquitin ligase to fine-tune NF-κB target genes by targeting co-activator RIP140, and an unexpected role for RIP140 protein degradation in resolving inflammation and ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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70
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Absence of RIP140 reveals a pathway regulating glut4-dependent glucose uptake in oxidative skeletal muscle through UCP1-mediated activation of AMPK. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32520. [PMID: 22389706 PMCID: PMC3289711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle constitutes the major site of glucose uptake leading to increased removal of glucose from the circulation in response to insulin. Type 2 diabetes and obesity are often associated with insulin resistance that can be counteracted by exercise or the use of drugs increasing the relative proportion of oxidative fibers. RIP140 is a transcriptional coregulator with a central role in metabolic tissues and we tested the effect of modulating its level of expression on muscle glucose and lipid metabolism in two mice models. Here, we show that although RIP140 protein is expressed at the same level in both oxidative and glycolytic muscles, it inhibits both fatty acid and glucose utilization in a fiber-type dependent manner. In RIP140-null mice, fatty acid utilization increases in the extensor digitorum longus and this is associated with elevated expression of genes implicated in fatty acid binding and transport. In the RIP140-null soleus, depletion of RIP140 leads to increased GLUT4 trafficking and glucose uptake with no change in Akt activity. AMPK phosphorylation/activity is inhibited in the soleus of RIP140 transgenic mice and increased in RIP140-null soleus. This is associated with increased UCP1 expression and mitochondrial uncoupling revealing the existence of a signaling pathway controlling insulin-independent glucose uptake in the soleus of RIP140-null mice. In conclusion, our findings reinforce the participation of RIP140 in the maintenance of energy homeostasis by acting as an inhibitor of energy production and particularly point to RIP140 as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of insulin resistance.
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71
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Piantadosi CA, Suliman HB. Transcriptional control of mitochondrial biogenesis and its interface with inflammatory processes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:532-41. [PMID: 22265687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells avoid major mitochondrial damage and energy failure during systemic inflammatory states, such as severe acute infections, by specific targeting of the inflammatory response and by inducing anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant defenses. Recent evidence indicates that these cell defenses also include mitochondrial biogenesis and the clearance of damaged mitochondria through autophagy. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review addresses a group of transcriptional signaling mechanisms that engage mitochondrial biogenesis, including energy-sensing and redox-regulated transcription factors and co-activators, after major inflammatory events. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Stimulation of the innate immune system by activation of toll-like receptors (TLR) generates pro-inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), necessary for optimal host defense, but which also contribute to mitochondrial damage through oxidative stress and other mechanisms. To protect its energy supply, host cells sense mitochondrial damage and initiate mitochondrial biogenesis under the control of an inducible transcriptional program that also activates anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory gene expression. This multifunctional network not only increases cellular resistance to metabolic failure, oxidative stress, and cell death, but promotes immune tolerance as shown in the graphical abstract. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The post-inflammatory induction of mitochondrial biogenesis supports metabolic function and cell viability while helping to control inflammation. In clinical settings, patients recovering from severe systemic infections may develop transient immune suppression, placing them at risk for recurrent infection, but there may be therapeutic opportunities to enhance mitochondrial quality control that would improve the resolution of life-threatening host responses to such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude A Piantadosi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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72
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Abstract
Vitamin B6 is well-known for its role as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions and recently, several epidemiological studies have highlighted the importance of this vitamin as a protective agent against various cancers: elevated vitamin B6 plasma levels were associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer development, for example. In vivo studies have shown that vitamin B6 decreased cell proliferation and enhanced the immune response. At the cellular level, antioxidant, pro-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects have been identified. At the molecular level, vitamin B6 is able to inhibit the transactivation potential of various nuclear receptors. Interestingly, a recent paper has described the conjugation of vitamin B6 to RIP140 (receptor interacting protein of 140 kDa), a protein that acts as a transcriptional corepressor of nuclear receptors. This post-translational modification increases the transcriptional repression of RIP140 and regulates its subcellular localization and its ability to interact with different protein partners. Finally, vitamin B6 is involved in the methyl donor cycle ant thus, some of the antitumor properties of vitamin B6 may involve an indirect effect on the level of DNA or histone methylation. All of these mechanistic and clinical data justify further studies to decipher the mechanism of action of vitamin B6 and its clinical interest in combination with molecules typically used in chemotherapy or hormonal therapy.
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73
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Takata A, Otsuka M, Kojima K, Yoshikawa T, Kishikawa T, Yoshida H, Koike K. MicroRNA-22 and microRNA-140 suppress NF-κB activity by regulating the expression of NF-κB coactivators. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 411:826-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Poliandri AHB, Gamsby JJ, Christian M, Spinella MJ, Loros JJ, Dunlap JC, Parker MG. Modulation of clock gene expression by the transcriptional coregulator receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140). J Biol Rhythms 2011; 26:187-99. [PMID: 21628546 PMCID: PMC3207295 DOI: 10.1177/0748730411401579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are generated in central and peripheral tissues by an intracellular oscillating timing mechanism known as the circadian clock. Several lines of evidence show a strong and bidirectional interplay between metabolism and circadian rhythms. Receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is a coregulator for nuclear receptors and other transcription factors that represses catabolic pathways in metabolic tissues. Although RIP140 functions as a corepressor for most nuclear receptors, mounting evidence points to RIP140 as a dual coregulator that can repress or activate different sets of genes. Here, we demonstrate that RIP140 mRNA and protein levels are under circadian regulation and identify RIP140 as a modulator of clock gene expression, suggesting that RIP140 can participate in a feedback mechanism affecting the circadian clock. We show that the absence of RIP140 disturbs the basal levels of BMAL1 and other clock genes, reducing the amplitude of their oscillations. In addition, we demonstrate that RIP140 is recruited to retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR) binding sites on the BMAL1 promoter, directly interacts with RORα, and increases transcription from the BMAL1 promoter in a RORα-dependent manner. These results indicate that RIP140 is not only involved in metabolic control but also acts as a coactivator for RORα, influencing clock gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel H. B. Poliandri
- Institute of Reproductive and
Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United
Kingdom
| | - Joshua J. Gamsby
- Department of Genetics,
Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Mark Christian
- Institute of Reproductive and
Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United
Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Spinella
- Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover,
NH, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Loros
- Department of Genetics,
Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Jay C. Dunlap
- Department of Genetics,
Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Malcolm G. Parker
- Institute of Reproductive and
Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United
Kingdom
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75
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Kulozik P, Jones A, Mattijssen F, Rose AJ, Reimann A, Strzoda D, Kleinsorg S, Raupp C, Kleinschmidt J, Müller-Decker K, Wahli W, Sticht C, Gretz N, von Loeffelholz C, Stockmann M, Pfeiffer A, Stöhr S, Dallinga-Thie GM, Nawroth PP, Diaz MB, Herzig S. Hepatic deficiency in transcriptional cofactor TBL1 promotes liver steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia. Cell Metab 2011; 13:389-400. [PMID: 21459324 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant accumulation of lipids in the liver ("fatty liver") is tightly associated with several components of the metabolic syndrome, including type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and atherosclerosis. Here we show that the impaired hepatic expression of transcriptional cofactor transducin beta-like (TBL) 1 represents a common feature of mono- and multigenic fatty liver mouse models. Indeed, the liver-specific ablation of TBL1 gene expression in healthy mice promoted hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis under both normal and high-fat dietary conditions. TBL1 deficiency resulted in inhibition of fatty acid oxidation due to impaired functional cooperation with its heterodimerization partner TBL-related (TBLR) 1 and the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α. As TBL1 expression levels were found to also inversely correlate with liver fat content in human patients, the lack of hepatic TBL1/TBLR1 cofactor activity may represent a molecular rationale for hepatic steatosis in subjects with obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kulozik
- Joint Division of Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Allan Jones
- Joint Division of Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frits Mattijssen
- Joint Division of Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam J Rose
- Joint Division of Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Reimann
- Joint Division of Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Strzoda
- Joint Division of Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kleinsorg
- Joint Division of Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Raupp
- Division of Tumor Virology, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kleinschmidt
- Division of Tumor Virology, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Müller-Decker
- Core Facility Tumor Models, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Wahli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research Center, Klinikum Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, Klinikum Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian von Loeffelholz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Nutrition, 14558 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Stockmann
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Campus Virchow, Free University of Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pfeiffer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Nutrition, 14558 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sigrid Stöhr
- Department of Animal Physiology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mauricio Berriel Diaz
- Joint Division of Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Joint Division of Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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76
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Ho PC, Chang KC, Chuang YS, Wei LN. Cholesterol regulation of receptor-interacting protein 140 via microRNA-33 in inflammatory cytokine production. FASEB J 2011; 25:1758-66. [PMID: 21285396 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-179267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is a nuclear receptor coregulator that affects a wide spectrum of biological processes. It is unclear whether and how the expression level of RIP140 can be modulated and whether RIP140 is involved in inflammatory diseases. Here, we examine how intracellular cholesterol regulates RIP140 expression, and we evaluate the effect of RIP140 expression on macrophage proinflammatory potential. Macrophages treated with modified low-density lipoprotein express higher RIP140 mRNA and protein levels. Consistently, simvastatin reduces RIP140 levels, which can be reversed by mevalonate. Moreover, a high-fat diet elevates RIP140 but lowers miR-33 levels in peritoneal macrophages, and increases the production of IL-1β and TNF-α in macrophages. Mechanistically, miR-33 targets RIP140 mRNA by recognizing its target located in a highly conserved sequence of the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of RIP140 mRNA. Consequentially, miR-33 reduces RIP140 coactivator activity for NF-κB, which is supported by the reduction in NF-κB reporter activity and the inflammatory potential in macrophages. This study uncovers a cholesterol-miR-33-RIP140 regulatory pathway that modulates the proinflammatory potential in macrophages in response to an alteration in the intracellular cholesterol status, and identifies RIP140 as a direct target of miR-33 that mediates simvastatin-triggered anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455-0217, USA
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77
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Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an uncommon subtype of B-cell lymphomathat is characterized by monoclonal B cells that express CD5 on their surface, but not CD23, and harbor the t(11:14) chromosomal translocation that leads to dysregulated expression of cyclin D1. MCL is a biologically and clinically heterogeneous disease. It has the unfavorable characteristics of both aggressive and indolent lymphoma in that MCL is not curable with current standard therapy, yet patients have a shorter survival compared with other indolent histology. MCL is incurable, yet more intensive therapy does lead to longer disease-free intervals; therefore, treatment must be designed to optimize survival while maintaining quality of life. Thus, therapy should be individualized based on both the clinical behavior of the lymphoma and the patient’s status. While there is no clear standard therapy that can be recommended for all patients, there may be an optimal choice for each patient. Knowledge of the expected clinical benefits and toxicities of various approaches will allow the physician and patient to appropriately select the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R Smith
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, PA 19111 USA
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78
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Sommerfeld A, Krones-Herzig A, Herzig S. Transcriptional co-factors and hepatic energy metabolism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 332:21-31. [PMID: 21112373 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
After binding to their cognate DNA-binding partner, transcriptional co-factors exert their function through the recruitment of enzymatic, chromatin-modifying activities. In turn, the assembly of co-factor-associated multi-protein complexes efficiently impacts target gene expression. Recent advances have established transcriptional co-factor complexes as a critical regulatory level in energy homeostasis and aberrant co-factor activity has been linked to the pathogenesis of severe metabolic disorders including obesity, type 2 diabetes and other components of the Metabolic Syndrome. The liver represents the key peripheral organ for the maintenance of systemic energy homeostasis, and aberrations in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism have been causally linked to the manifestation of disorders associated with the Metabolic Syndrome. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of distinct classes of transcriptional co-factors in hepatic glucose and lipid homeostasis, emphasizing pathway-specific functions of these co-factors under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Sommerfeld
- Department Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Germany
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79
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Rosell M, Jones MC, Parker MG. Role of nuclear receptor corepressor RIP140 in metabolic syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1812:919-28. [PMID: 21193034 PMCID: PMC3117993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and its associated complications, which can lead to the development of metabolic syndrome, are a worldwide major public health concern especially in developed countries where they have a very high prevalence. RIP140 is a nuclear coregulator with a pivotal role in controlling lipid and glucose metabolism. Genetically manipulated mice devoid of RIP140 are lean with increased oxygen consumption and are resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis with improved insulin sensitivity. Moreover, white adipocytes with targeted disruption of RIP140 express genes characteristic of brown fat including CIDEA and UCP1 while skeletal muscles show a shift in fibre type composition enriched in more oxidative fibres. Thus, RIP140 is a potential therapeutic target in metabolic disorders. In this article we will review the role of RIP140 in tissues relevant to the appearance and progression of the metabolic syndrome and discuss how the manipulation of RIP140 levels or activity might represent a therapeutic approach to combat obesity and associated metabolic disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translating nuclear receptors from health to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Rosell
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Campus 158 Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, UK.
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80
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Kobayashi S, Stice JP, Kazmin D, Wittmann BM, Kimbrel EA, Edwards DP, Chang CY, McDonnell DP. Mechanisms of progesterone receptor inhibition of inflammatory responses in cellular models of breast cancer. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 24:2292-302. [PMID: 20980435 DOI: 10.1210/me.2010-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Both pro- and antimitogenic activities have been ascribed to progesterone receptor (PR) agonists and antagonists in breast cancer cells; however, the transcriptional responses that underlie these paradoxical functions are not apparent. Using nontransformed, normal human mammary epithelial cells engineered to express PR and standard microarray technology, we defined 2370 genes that were significantly regulated by the PR agonist R5020. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that GO terms involved in inflammation and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling were among the most significantly regulated. Interestingly, on those NF-κB responsive genes that were inhibited by agonist-activated PR, antagonists either 1) mimicked the actions of agonists or 2) reversed the inhibitory actions of agonists. This difference in pharmacological response could be attributed to the fact that although agonist- and antagonist-activated PR is recruited to NF-κB-responsive promoters, the physical presence of PR tethered to the promoter of some genes is sufficient for transcriptional inhibition, whereas on others, an agonist-activated PR conformation is required for inhibition of NF-κB signaling. Importantly, the actions of PR on the latter class of genes were reversed by an activation function-2-inhibiting, LXXLL-containing peptide. Consideration of the relative activities of these distinct antiinflammatory pathways in breast cancer may be instructive with respect to the likely therapeutic activity of PR agonists or antagonists in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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81
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Abstract
RIP140 is a transcriptional coregulator highly expressed in metabolic tissues where it has important and diverse actions. RIP140-null mice show that it plays a crucial role in the control of lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the liver and is essential for female fertility. RIP140 has been shown to act as a ligand-dependent transcriptional corepressor for metabolic nuclear receptors such as estrogen-related receptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The role of RIP140 as a corepressor has been strengthened by the characterization of RIP140-overexpressing mice, although it emerges through several studies that RIP140 can also behave as a coactivator. Nuclear localization of RIP140 is important for controlling transcription of target genes and is subject to regulation by posttranslational modifications. However, cytoplasmic RIP140 has been shown to play a role in the control of metabolism through direct regulation of glucose transport in adipocytes. In this review, we focus on recent advances highlighting the growing importance of RIP140 as a regulator of energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaà Fritah
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, UK
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82
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Ostertag A, Jones A, Rose AJ, Liebert M, Kleinsorg S, Reimann A, Vegiopoulos A, Diaz MB, Strzoda D, Yamamoto M, Satoh T, Akira S, Herzig S. Control of adipose tissue inflammation through TRB1. Diabetes 2010; 59:1991-2000. [PMID: 20522600 PMCID: PMC2911068 DOI: 10.2337/db09-1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Based on its role as an energy storage compartment and endocrine organ, white adipose tissue (WAT) fulfills a critical function in the maintenance of whole-body energy homeostasis. Indeed, WAT dysfunction is connected to obesity-related type 2 diabetes triggered at least partly by an inflammatory response in adipocytes. The pseudokinase tribbles (TRB) 3 has been identified by us and others as a critical regulator of hepatic glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes and WAT lipid homeostasis. Therefore, this study aimed to test the hypothesis that the TRB gene family fulfills broader functions in the integration of metabolic and inflammatory pathways in various tissues. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS To determine the role of TRB family members for WAT function, we profiled the expression patterns of TRB13 under healthy and metabolic stress conditions. The differentially expressed TRB1 was functionally characterized in loss-of-function animal and primary adipocyte models. RESULTS Here, we show that the expression of TRB1 was specifically upregulated during acute and chronic inflammation in WAT of mice. Deficiency of TRB1 was found to impair cytokine gene expression in white adipocytes and to protect against high-fat diet-induced obesity. In adipocytes, TRB1 served as a nuclear transcriptional coactivator for the nuclear factor kappaB subunit RelA, thereby promoting the induction of proinflammatory cytokines in these cells. CONCLUSIONS As inflammation is typically seen in sepsis, insulin resistance, and obesity-related type 2 diabetes, the dual role of TRB1 as both a target and a (co) activator of inflammatory signaling might provide a molecular rationale for the amplification of proinflammatory responses in WAT in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Ostertag
- Emmy Noether and Marie Curie Research Group, Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Allan Jones
- Emmy Noether and Marie Curie Research Group, Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam J. Rose
- Emmy Noether and Marie Curie Research Group, Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Liebert
- Emmy Noether and Marie Curie Research Group, Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kleinsorg
- Emmy Noether and Marie Curie Research Group, Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Reimann
- Emmy Noether and Marie Curie Research Group, Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandros Vegiopoulos
- Emmy Noether and Marie Curie Research Group, Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mauricio Berriel Diaz
- Emmy Noether and Marie Curie Research Group, Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Strzoda
- Emmy Noether and Marie Curie Research Group, Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Satoh
- Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Department of Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Emmy Noether and Marie Curie Research Group, Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Corresponding author: Stephan Herzig,
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83
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Tuckermann J, Bourguet W, Mandrup S. Meeting report: nuclear receptors: transcription factors and drug targets connecting basic research with translational medicine. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 24:1311-21. [PMID: 20519330 DOI: 10.1210/me.2010-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The biannual European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) conference on nuclear receptors was organized by Beatrice Desvergne and Laszlo Nagy and took place in Cavtat near Dubrovnik on the Adriatic coast of Croatia September 25-29, 2009. The meeting brought together researchers from all over the world covering a wide spectrum from fundamental mechanistic studies to metabolism, clinical studies, and drug development. In this report, we summarize the recent and exciting findings presented by the speakers at the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tuckermann
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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Nautiyal J, Steel JH, Rosell MM, Nikolopoulou E, Lee K, Demayo FJ, White R, Richards JS, Parker MG. The nuclear receptor cofactor receptor-interacting protein 140 is a positive regulator of amphiregulin expression and cumulus cell-oocyte complex expansion in the mouse ovary. Endocrinology 2010; 151:2923-32. [PMID: 20308529 PMCID: PMC2875814 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor cofactor receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is essential for cumulus cell-oocyte complex (COC) expansion, follicular rupture, and oocyte release during ovulation. The expression of many genes necessary for COC expansion is impaired in the absence of RIP140, but the studies herein document that their expression can be restored and COC expansion rescued by treatment with the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like factor amphiregulin (AREG) both in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate by several approaches that RIP140 is required for the expression of the EGF-like factors in granulosa cells, but the dependence of genes involved in cumulus expansion, including Ptgs2 Has2, Tnfaip6, and Ptx3, is indirect because they are induced by AREG. Treatment of granulosa cells with forskolin to mimic the effects of LH increases AREG promoter activity in a RIP140-dependent manner that 1) requires an intact cAMP response element in the proximal promoter region of the Areg gene and 2) involves its actions as a coactivator for cAMP response element-binding protein/c-Jun transcription factors. Although human chorionic gonadotropin and AREG coadministration is sufficient to restore ovulation fully in RIP140 heterozygous mice in vivo, both follicular rupture and ovulation remain impaired in the RIP140 null mice. Thus, we conclude that although the level of RIP140 expression in the ovary is a crucial factor required for the transient expression of EGF-like factors necessary for cumulus expansion, it also plays a role in other signaling pathways that induce follicular rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Nautiyal
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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85
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Fritah A, Steel JH, Nichol D, Parker N, Williams S, Price A, Strauss L, Ryder TA, Mobberley MA, Poutanen M, Parker M, White R. Elevated expression of the metabolic regulator receptor-interacting protein 140 results in cardiac hypertrophy and impaired cardiac function. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 86:443-51. [PMID: 20083575 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is a ligand-dependent cofactor for nuclear receptors that regulate networks of genes involved in cellular processes, including metabolism. An important role for RIP140 in metabolic control has been identified in RIP140 null mice, whose phenotypes include derepression of genes involved in energy mobilization or catabolism in adipocytes and a switch to more oxidative fibres in skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that ubiquitous expression of RIP140 would suppress metabolic processes, leading to defects in development or cellular function. METHODS AND RESULTS The primary effect of exogenous expression of RIP140 mRNA (real-time PCR) and protein (western blotting) in transgenic mice is impaired postnatal heart function. There was rapid onset of cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular fibrosis, detected microscopically, in male RIP140 transgenic mice from 4 weeks of age, resulting in 25% mortality by 5 months. RIP140 exogenous expression in the heart leads to decreased mitochondria state III and state IV membrane potential and oxygen consumption. Quantitative PCR showed more than 50% reduced expression of genes involved in mitochondrial activity and fatty acid metabolism, including mitochondrial transcription factor A, cytochrome oxidase VIIa, cytochrome XII, CD36, medium-chain acyl dehydrogenase, and fatty acid transport protein, many of which are known targets for nuclear receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors PPARalpha and PPARdelta and oestrogen-related receptors ERRalpha and ERRgamma. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that RIP140 is an important cofactor in postnatal cardiac function and that inhibition of the action of RIP140 may provide a model system to investigate specific interventions designed to prevent or delay the onset of cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaà Fritah
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12ONN, UK
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86
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Chichelnitskiy E, Vegiopoulos A, Berriel Diaz M, Ziegler A, Kleiman A, Rauch A, Tuckermann J, Herzig S. In vivo phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter mapping identifies disrupted hormonal synergism as a target of inflammation during sepsis in mice. Hepatology 2009; 50:1963-71. [PMID: 19821526 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In mammals, proper maintenance of blood glucose levels within narrow limits is one of the most critical prerequisites for healthy energy homeostasis and body function. Consequently, hyper- and hypoglycemia represent hallmarks of severe metabolic pathologies, including type II diabetes and acute sepsis, respectively. Although the liver plays a crucial role in the control of systemic glucose homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms of aberrant hepatic glucose regulation under metabolic stress conditions remain largely unknown. Here we report the development of a liver-specific adenoviral in vivo system for monitoring promoter activity of the key gluconeogenic enzyme gene phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in mice. By employing in vivo promoter deletion technology, the glucocorticoid response unit (GRU) and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-responsive element (CRE) were identified as critical cis-regulatory targets of proinflammatory signaling under septic conditions. In particular, both elements were found to be required for inhibition of PEPCK transcription during sepsis, thereby mediating endotoxic hypoglycemia. Indeed, expression of nuclear receptor cofactor peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha), the molecular mediator of GRU/CRE synergism on the PEPCK promoter, was found to be specifically repressed in septic liver, and restoration of PGC-1alpha in cytokine-exposed hepatocytes blunted the inhibitory effect of proinflammatory signaling on PEPCK gene expression. CONCLUSION The dysregulation of hormonal synergism through the repression of PGC-1alpha as identified by in vivo promoter monitoring may provide a molecular rationale for hypoglycemia during sepsis, thereby highlighting the importance of hepatic glucose homeostasis for metabolic dysfunction in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Chichelnitskiy
- Emmy Noether and Marie Curie Research Group Molecular Metabolic Control, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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87
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Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Lizanzu A, Rodríguez A, Silva C, Rotellar F, Gil MJ, Cienfuegos JA, Salvador J, Frühbeck G. RIP140 gene and protein expression levels are downregulated in visceral adipose tissue in human morbid obesity. Obes Surg 2009; 19:771-6. [PMID: 19367438 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-009-9834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is a corepressor for nuclear receptors with an important role in the inhibition of energy expenditure. Rip140-knockout mice are lean and resistant to diet-induced obesity due to an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of morbid obesity on gene and protein expression levels of RIP140 in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). METHODS VAT biopsies obtained from 17 subjects were used in the study. Patients were classified as lean (body mass index [BMI]=21.8+/-1.3 kg/m2) or obese (BMI=48.2+/-2.6 kg/m2). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses were performed to quantify the expression levels of RIP140 in VAT. We also analyzed glucose and lipid profile as well as some inflammatory factors. RESULTS Obese patients exhibited significantly lower RIP140 mRNA expression levels compared to lean subjects (lean=1.00+/-0.17 arbitrary units, obese=0.65+/-0.18 arbitrary units; P<0.05). Protein expression of RIP140 followed the same trend, being significantly higher in lean volunteers (lean=1.00+/-0.18 arbitrary units, obese=0.45+/-0.11 arbitrary units; P<0.05). Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was found between RIP140 protein levels and both BMI (rho=-0.85; P<0.001) and body fat percentage (rho=-0.88; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The lower gene and protein expression levels of RIP140 in obese subjects may suggest a compensatory mechanism in order to favor energy expenditure and reduce fat accumulation in obesity states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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