51
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Tang T, Cheng X, Truong B, Sun L, Yang X, Wang H. Molecular basis and therapeutic implications of CD40/CD40L immune checkpoint. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 219:107709. [PMID: 33091428 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The CD40 receptor and its ligand CD40L is one of the most critical molecular pairs of the stimulatory immune checkpoints. Both CD40 and CD40L have a membrane form and a soluble form generated by proteolytic cleavage or alternative splicing. CD40 and CD40L are widely expressed in various types of cells, among which B cells and myeloid cells constitutively express high levels of CD40, and T cells and platelets express high levels of CD40L upon activation. CD40L self-assembles into functional trimers which induce CD40 trimerization and downstream signaling. The canonical CD40/CD40L signaling is mediated by recruitment of TRAFs and NF-κB activation, which is supplemented by signal pathways such as PI3K/AKT, MAPKs and JAK3/STATs. CD40/CD40L immune checkpoint leads to activation of both innate and adaptive immune cells via two-way signaling. CD40/CD40L interaction also participates in regulating thrombosis, tissue inflammation, hematopoiesis and tumor cell fate. Because of its essential role in immune activation, CD40/CD40L interaction has been regarded as an attractive immunotherapy target. In recent years, significant advance has been made in CD40/CD40L-targeted therapy. Various types of agents, including agonistic/antagonistic monoclonal antibodies, cellular vaccines, adenoviral vectors and protein antagonist, have been developed and evaluated in early-stage clinical trials for treating malignancies, autoimmune diseases and allograft rejection. In general, these agents have demonstrated favorable safety and some of them show promising clinical efficacy. The mechanisms of benefits include immune cell activation and tumor cell lysis/apoptosis in malignancies, or immune cell inactivation in autoimmune diseases and allograft rejection. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structure, processing, cellular expression pattern, signaling and effector function of CD40/CD40L checkpoint molecules. In addition, we summarize the progress, targeted diseases and outcomes of current ongoing and completed clinical trials of CD40/CD40L-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- TingTing Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Billy Truong
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - LiZhe Sun
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - XiaoFeng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.
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52
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Dib PRB, Quirino-Teixeira AC, Merij LB, Pinheiro MBM, Rozini SV, Andrade FB, Hottz ED. Innate immune receptors in platelets and platelet-leukocyte interactions. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1157-1182. [PMID: 32779243 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mr0620-701r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are chief cells in hemostasis. Apart from their hemostatic roles, platelets are major inflammatory effector cells that can influence both innate and adaptive immune responses. Activated platelets have thromboinflammatory functions linking hemostatic and immune responses in several physiological and pathological conditions. Among many ways in which platelets exert these functions, platelet expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including TLR, Nod-like receptor, and C-type lectin receptor families, plays major roles in sensing and responding to pathogen-associated or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs, respectively). In this review, an increasing body of evidence is compiled showing the participation of platelet innate immune receptors, including PRRs, in infectious diseases, sterile inflammation, and cancer. How platelet recognition of endogenous DAMPs participates in sterile inflammatory diseases and thrombosis is discussed. In addition, platelet recognition of both PAMPs and DAMPs initiates platelet-mediated inflammation and vascular thrombosis in infectious diseases, including viral, bacterial, and parasite infections. The study also focuses on the involvement of innate immune receptors in platelet activation during cancer, and their contribution to tumor microenvironment development and metastasis. Finally, how innate immune receptors participate in platelet communication with leukocytes, modulating leukocyte-mediated inflammation and immune functions, is highlighted. These cell communication processes, including platelet-induced release of neutrophil extracellular traps, platelet Ag presentation to T-cells and platelet modulation of monocyte cytokine secretion are discussed in the context of infectious and sterile diseases of major concern in human health, including cardiovascular diseases, dengue, HIV infection, sepsis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ribeiro Braga Dib
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Obesity, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Anna Cecíllia Quirino-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Laura Botelho Merij
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Mariana Brandi Mendonça Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Stephane Vicente Rozini
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brandi Andrade
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Damaceno Hottz
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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53
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Schrottmaier WC, Mussbacher M, Salzmann M, Assinger A. Platelet-leukocyte interplay during vascular disease. Atherosclerosis 2020; 307:109-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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54
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Nording H, Baron L, Langer HF. Platelets as therapeutic targets to prevent atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2020; 307:97-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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55
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Constantinescu-Bercu A, Grassi L, Frontini M, Salles-Crawley II, Woollard K, Crawley JTB. Activated α IIbβ 3 on platelets mediates flow-dependent NETosis via SLC44A2. eLife 2020; 9:e53353. [PMID: 32314961 PMCID: PMC7253179 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-neutrophil interactions are important for innate immunity, but also contribute to the pathogenesis of deep vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction and stroke. Here we report that, under flow, von Willebrand factor/glycoprotein Ibα-dependent platelet 'priming' induces integrin αIIbβ3 activation that, in turn, mediates neutrophil and T-cell binding. Binding of platelet αIIbβ3 to SLC44A2 on neutrophils leads to mechanosensitive-dependent production of highly prothrombotic neutrophil extracellular traps. A polymorphism in SLC44A2 (rs2288904-A) present in 22% of the population causes an R154Q substitution in an extracellular loop of SLC44A2 that is protective against venous thrombosis results in severely impaired binding to both activated αIIbβ3 and VWF-primed platelets. This was confirmed using neutrophils homozygous for the SLC44A2 R154Q polymorphism. Taken together, these data reveal a previously unreported mode of platelet-neutrophil crosstalk, mechanosensitive NET production, and provide mechanistic insight into the protective effect of the SLC44A2 rs2288904-A polymorphism in venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Constantinescu-Bercu
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Luigi Grassi
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research BioResource, Rare Diseases, Cambridge University HospitalsCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Mattia Frontini
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Isabelle I Salles-Crawley
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kevin Woollard
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - James TB Crawley
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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56
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Lordan R, Tsoupras A, Zabetakis I. Platelet activation and prothrombotic mediators at the nexus of inflammation and atherosclerosis: Potential role of antiplatelet agents. Blood Rev 2020; 45:100694. [PMID: 32340775 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are central to inflammation-related manifestations of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as atherosclerosis. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), thrombin, thromboxane A2 (TxA2), and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) are some of the key agonists of platelet activation that are at the intersection between a plethora of inflammatory pathways that modulate pro-inflammatory and coagulation processes. The aim of this article is to review the role of platelets and the relationship between their structure, function, and the interactions of their constituents in systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Antiplatelet therapies are discussed with a view to primary prevention of CVD by the clinical reduction of platelet reactivity and inflammation. Current antiplatelet therapies are effective in reducing cardiovascular risk but increase bleeding risk. Novel therapeutic antiplatelet approaches beyond current pharmacological modalities that do not increase the risk of bleeding require further investigation. There is potential for specifically designed nutraceuticals that may become safer alternatives to pharmacological antiplatelet agents for the primary prevention of CVD but there is serious concern over their efficacy and regulation, which requires considerably more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Lordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA.
| | - Alexandros Tsoupras
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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57
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Luu S, Woolley IJ, Andrews RK. Platelet phenotype and function in the absence of splenic sequestration (Review). Platelets 2020; 32:47-52. [PMID: 32106750 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1732322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The spleen, in addition to its role in immunity, plays key roles in erythrocyte maintenance and platelet sequestration. Loss of the spleen via splenectomy occurs in approximately 6.4 to 7.1 per 100 000 people per year globally, commonly as a life-saving emergency procedure in trauma and a therapeutic procedure in hematological and hematological malignant conditions. It is associated with increased risk of life-threatening infection and thromboembolism, presumably via loss of splenic function, but the underlying mechanisms behind post-splenectomy thromboembolism are unclear. The splenectomized individual has a two-fold risk of thromboembolism as compared to non-splenectomized individuals and the risk of thromboembolism is elevated both post-operatively and in the longer term. Although those splenectomized for hematological conditions or hematological malignant conditions are at highest risk for thromboembolism, an increase in thromboembolic outcomes is also observed amongst individuals splenectomized for trauma, suggesting underlying disease state is only a partial factor. Although the physiological role of the splenic platelet pool on platelets is unclear, platelet changes after splenectomy suggest that the spleen may play a role in maintaining platelet quality and function. In hypersplenic conditions, sequestration can increase to sequester up to 72% of the total platelet mass. Following splenectomy, a thrombocytosis is commonly seen secondary to the loss of the ability to sequester platelets. Abnormal platelet quality and function have been observed as a consequence of splenectomy. These platelet defects seen after splenectomy may likely contribute to the increase in post-splenectomy thromboembolism. Here we draw upon the literature to characterize the post-splenectomy platelet and its potential role in post-splenectomy thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Luu
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian J Woolley
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia.,Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert K Andrews
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
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58
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Frasca L, Lande R. Toll-like receptors in mediating pathogenesis in systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 201:14-24. [PMID: 32048277 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved receptors essential for the host defence against pathogens. Both immune and non-immune cells can express TLRs, although at different levels. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic disease in which autoimmunity, dysregulated profibrotic mediator release and activation of fibroblasts lead to dysregulated collagen deposition and fibrosis. There is now increasing knowledge that the innate immune system and, in particular, TLRs take a part in SSc pathogenesis. The list of endogenous ligands that can stimulate TLRs in SSc is growing: these ligands represent specific danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), involved either in the initiation or the perpetuation of inflammation, and in the release of factors that sustain the fibrotic process or directly stimulate the cells that produce collagen and the endothelial cells. This review reports evidences concerning TLR signalling involvement in SSc. We report the new DAMPs, as well as the TLR-linked pathways involved in disease, with emphasis on type I interferon signature in SSc, the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and platelets. The dissection of the contribution of all these pathways to disease, and their correlation with the disease status, as well as their values as prognostic tools, can help to plan timely intervention and design new drugs for more appropriate therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Frasca
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Pharmacological Research and Experimental Therapy Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - R Lande
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Pharmacological Research and Experimental Therapy Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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59
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Mobarrez F, Antoniewicz L, Hedman L, Bosson JA, Lundbäck M. Electronic cigarettes containing nicotine increase endothelial and platelet derived extracellular vesicles in healthy volunteers. Atherosclerosis 2020; 301:93-100. [PMID: 32122618 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS E-cigarette use is increasingly common. Whether e-cigarettes are harmful to human health is an intensely debated subject. In order to investigate whether e-cigarettes with and without nicotine cause different vascular responses, we obtained blood samples from healthy young volunteers who performed brief active e-cigarette inhalations. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) of endothelial and platelet origin were measured to determine vascular changes. METHODS Using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 17 healthy occasional smokers inhaled 30 puffs of e-cigarette vapor during 30 min. Blood samples were collected at baseline, as well as at 0, 2, 4 and 6 h post-exposure. EVs from platelets and endothelial cells were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Platelet and endothelial derived EVs were significantly increased with peak levels seen at 4 h following exposure to active inhalation of e-cigarette vapor with nicotine. Moreover, platelet derived EVs, expressing platelet activation marker P-selectin and the inflammation marker, CD40 ligand, were also significantly increased following inhalation of e-cigarette vapor with nicotine. In addition, platelet derived EVs expressing CD40 ligand was increased after inhalation of e-cigarette vapor without nicotine. CONCLUSION As few as 30 puffs of nicotine-containing e-cigarette vapor caused an increase in levels of circulating EVs of endothelial and platelet origin, which may signify underlying vascular changes. Although e-cigarette vapor without nicotine caused an increase in platelet EVs expressing CD40 ligand, nicotine, as a component in the vapor, seems to have a more compelling effect on extracellular vesicle formation and protein composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Mobarrez
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lukasz Antoniewicz
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linnea Hedman
- Umeå University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, The OLIN Unit, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jenny A Bosson
- Umeå University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Lundbäck
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Mohammad HMF, Makary S, Atef H, El-Sherbiny M, Atteia HH, Ibrahim GA, Mohamed AS, Zaitone SA. Clopidogrel or prasugrel reduces mortality and lessens cardiovascular damage from acute myocardial infarction in hypercholesterolemic male rats. Life Sci 2020; 247:117429. [PMID: 32061670 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hypercholesterolemia is a hazard for increasing susceptibility of the heart to myocardial infarction (MI) by inducing platelet hyperaggregability. Clopidogrel and prasugrel have documented cardioprotective effects in clinical studies. Herein, we investigated whether clopidogrel and prasugrel could protect against isoproterenol-induced acute MI (A-MI) under hypercholesterolemic conditions in rats. MAIN METHODS Dietary hypercholesterolemic rats were subjected to acute doses of isoproterenol. Serum lipids, inflammatory markers, aortic endothelin1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNAs expression and immunexpression of BCL2 were determined. KEY FINDINGS Hypercholesterolemic rats showed infiltration of inflammatory cells and reduction in aortic wall thickness, deposition of fibrous tissue between cardiac muscle fibers. Protective doses of prasugrel or clopidogrel for 28 days before A-MI increased survival, amended the ECG parameters -including ST segment elevation- and improved the histopathological picture in hypercholesterolemic rats. This was coupled with reductions in platelet aggregation, creatine kinase-MB activity, endothelin 1, systemic inflammation and cardiac lipid peroxidation and increment in aortic eNOS expression. Clopidogrel and prasugrel groups showed enhanced BCL2 expression in cardiac fibers and aortic wall. SIGNIFICANCE Prasugrel and clopidogrel protected against A-MI via anti-aggregatory and anti-inflammatory effects. These results add to the value of these drugs in correcting cardiovascular dysfunction in patients vulnerable to A-MI after confirmation by appropriate human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala M F Mohammad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; Central Lab., Center of Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Medicine (CEMCM), Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Samy Makary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hoda Atef
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Anatomy department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Anatomy department, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hebatallah H Atteia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, El-Sharkia, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehan A Ibrahim
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Abdelaty Shawky Mohamed
- Pathology department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Pathology department, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
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61
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Susanto O, Hickey MJ. Using imaging to study inflammatory platelet–leukocyte interactions in vivo. Platelets 2020; 31:610-617. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1718632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Susanto
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Australia
| | - Michael J. Hickey
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Australia
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Abstract
The role of inflammation in cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now widely accepted. Immune cells, including T cells, are influenced by inflammatory signals and contribute to the onset and progression of CVD. T cell activation is modulated by T cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition pathways. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting T cell inhibition pathways have revolutionized cancer treatment and improved survival in patients with cancer. However, ICIs might induce cardiovascular toxicity via T cell re-invigoration. With the rising use of ICIs for cancer treatment, a timely overview of the role of T cell co-stimulation and inhibition molecules in CVD is desirable. In this Review, the importance of these molecules in the pathogenesis of CVD is highlighted in preclinical studies on models of CVD such as vein graft disease, myocarditis, graft arterial disease, post-ischaemic neovascularization and atherosclerosis. This Review also discusses the therapeutic potential of targeting T cell co-stimulation and inhibition pathways to treat CVD, as well as the possible cardiovascular benefits and adverse events after treatment. Finally, the Review emphasizes that patients with cancer who are treated with ICIs should be monitored for CVD given the reported association between the use of ICIs and the risk of cardiovascular toxicity.
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63
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Manor O, Zubair N, Conomos MP, Xu X, Rohwer JE, Krafft CE, Lovejoy JC, Magis AT. A Multi-omic Association Study of Trimethylamine N-Oxide. Cell Rep 2020; 24:935-946. [PMID: 30044989 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a circulating metabolite that has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this paper, we identify blood markers, metabolites, proteins, gut microbiota patterns, and diets that are significantly associated with levels of plasma TMAO. We find that kidney markers are strongly associated with TMAO and identify CVD-related proteins that are positively correlated with TMAO. We show that metabolites derived by the gut microbiota are strongly correlated with TMAO and that the magnitude of this correlation varies with kidney function. Moreover, we identify diet-associated patterns in the microbiome that are correlated with TMAO. These findings suggest that both the process of TMAO accumulation and the mechanism by which TMAO promotes atherosclerosis are a complex interplay between diet and the microbiome on one hand and other system-level factors such as circulating proteins, metabolites, and kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer C Lovejoy
- Arivale, Inc., Seattle, WA 98104, USA; Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Rayes J, Bourne JH, Brill A, Watson SP. The dual role of platelet-innate immune cell interactions in thrombo-inflammation. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 4:23-35. [PMID: 31989082 PMCID: PMC6971330 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond their role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets are increasingly recognized as key regulators of the inflammatory response under sterile and infectious conditions. Both platelet receptors and secretion are critical for these functions and contribute to their interaction with the endothelium and innate immune system. Platelet-leukocyte interactions are increased in thrombo-inflammatory diseases and are sensitive biomarkers for platelet activation and targets for the development of new therapies. The crosstalk between platelets and innate immune cells promotes thrombosis, inflammation, and tissue damage. However, recent studies have shown that these interactions also regulate the resolution of inflammation, tissue repair, and wound healing. Many of the platelet and leukocyte receptors involved in these bidirectional interactions are not selective for a subset of immune cells. However, specific heterotypic interactions occur in different vascular beds and inflammatory conditions, raising the possibility of disease- and organ-specific pathways of intervention. In this review, we highlight and discuss prominent and emerging interrelationships between platelets and innate immune cells and their dual role in the regulation of the inflammatory response in sterile and infectious thrombo-inflammatory diseases. A better understanding of the functional relevance of these interactions in different vascular beds may provide opportunities for successful therapeutic interventions to regulate the development, progression, and chronicity of various pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamThe MidlandsUK
| | - Joshua H. Bourne
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Alexander Brill
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamThe MidlandsUK
- Department of PathophysiologySechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)MoscowRussia
| | - Steve P. Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE)Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamThe MidlandsUK
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Kojok K, Akoum SE, Mohsen M, Mourad W, Merhi Y. CD40L Priming of Platelets via NF-κB Activation is CD40- and TAK1-Dependent. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e03677. [PMID: 30571597 PMCID: PMC6405550 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background CD40 ligand (CD40L) is a thromboinflammatory molecule that predicts cardiovascular events. CD40L is a strong activator of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) in platelets that primes and enhances platelet activation in response to thrombotic stimuli. In addition to its classical receptor CD40, CD40L binds αIIbβ3, α5β1, and αMβ2 in various cell types. However, the function of the different CD40L receptors on platelets remains unexplored. The present study aims to identify the receptors of CD40L, involved in platelet NF‐κB activation, their downstream signaling and their implication in platelet aggregation. Methods and Results We showed that platelets express CD40, αIIbβ3, and α5β1 and release CD40L in response to sCD40L stimulation. sCD40L alone dose‐dependently induced platelet NF‐κB activation; this effect was absent in CD40−/− mouse platelets and inhibited by the CD40 blockade, but was unaffected by the αIIbβ3 or α5β1 blockade in human platelets. sCD40L/CD40 axis activates transforming growth factor‐β‐activated kinase 1 upstream of NF‐κB. In functional studies, sCD40L alone did not affect platelet aggregation but potentiated the aggregation response in the presence of suboptimal doses of thrombin; this effect was abolished by CD40, transforming growth factor‐β‐activated kinase 1, and NF‐κB inhibitors. Conclusions CD40L primes platelets via signaling pathways involving CD40/transforming growth factor‐β‐activated kinase 1/NF‐κB, which predisposes platelets to enhanced activation and aggregation in response to thrombotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kojok
- 1 Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre Montreal QC Canada.,2 Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal QC Canada
| | - Souhad El Akoum
- 1 Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre Montreal QC Canada.,2 Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal QC Canada
| | - Mira Mohsen
- 1 Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre Montreal QC Canada.,2 Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal QC Canada
| | - Walid Mourad
- 2 Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal QC Canada.,3 Research Centre Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal QC Canada
| | - Yahye Merhi
- 1 Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre Montreal QC Canada.,2 Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal QC Canada
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Inflammation in acute coronary syndrome: Expression of TLR2 mRNA is increased in platelets of patients with ACS. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224181. [PMID: 31644579 PMCID: PMC6808418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelets are key components in atherogenesis and determine the course of its clinical sequelae acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Components of the innate immune system—the superfamily of TLR receptors–are present in platelets and represent a link between atherothrombosis and inflammation. We hypothesize that alteration in platelet TLR mRNA expression is a result of inflammation driving coronary atherosclerosis and may represent an alternative platelet activation pathway in ACS. TLR2-, TLR4- and TLR9- mRNA-expression was determined in ACS patients and compared to patients with invasive exclusion of atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries. Methods A total of fifty-four patients were enrolled in this clinical retrospective cohort single centre study. Total RNA from sepharose-filtered highly purified platelets was isolated using acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction and transcribed to cDNA using a first strand cDNA synthesis kit. To determine absolute copy numbers of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 we used plasmid based quantitative PCR with normalisation to an internal control. Results We found that mRNA expression levels of TLR2 but not TLR 4 and 9 are up-regulated in platelets of patients with ACS when compared to patients without coronary atherosclerosis. Conclusion Our results suggest elevated TLR2 mRNA expression in platelets as a biomarker reflecting the underlying inflammation in ACS and possibly severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Platelet TLR2 may represent a link between inflammation and atherothrombosis in ACS.
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67
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Margraf A, Zarbock A. Platelets in Inflammation and Resolution. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2357-2367. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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68
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Abstract
Platelets are small, anucleated effector cells that play an important role in linking the hemostatic and inflammatory processes in the body. Platelet function is known to be altered under various inflammatory conditions including aging. A gain in platelet function during aging can increase the risk of thrombotic events, such as stroke and acute myocardial infarction. Anti-platelet therapy is designed to reduce risk of serious cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events, but the adverse consequences of therapy, such as risk for bleeding increases with aging as well. Age-associated comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia also contribute to increased platelet activity and thus can enhance the risk of thrombosis. Therefore, identification of unique mechanisms of platelet dysfunction in aging and in age-associated comorbidities is warranted to design novel antiplatelet drugs. This review outlines some of the current areas of research on aging-related mechanisms of platelet hyperactivity and addresses the clinical urgency for designing anti-platelet therapies toward novel molecular targets in the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna S Iyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa city, USA
| | - Sanjana Dayal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa city, USA
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69
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Liu C, Yang Y, Du L, Chen S, Zhang J, Zhang C, Zhou J. Platelet-leukocyte aggregate is associated with adverse events after surgical intervention for rheumatic heart disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13069. [PMID: 31506454 PMCID: PMC6737193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-leukocyte aggregate (PLA) is implicated in the etiology of both vascular lesions and cardiovascular events. This prospective cohort study aimed to examine the prognostic value of PLA for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and perioperative adverse events (AEs) in patients with rheumatic heart disease undergoing surgical intervention by Cox proportional hazard regression and logistic regression. A total of 244 patients were included, of whom 7 were lost to follow-up. Among the analyzed 237 subjects who completed 3-year follow-up, 30 experienced MACCE and 38 experienced perioperative AEs. Preoperative PLA was higher in subjects who developed MACCE (13.32%) than in those who did not (8.69%, p = 0.040). In multivariate regression, elevated PLA was associated with increased MACCE (hazard ratio 1.51 for each quartile, 95% CI 1.07-2.13; p = 0.020), and perioperative AEs (odds ratio 1.61, 95% CI 1.14-2.26; p = 0.007). The optimal PLA cut-off for predicting MACCE was 6.8%. Subjects with PLA > 6.8% had a higher prevalence of MACCE (17.1% vs. 5.5%, p = 0.009) and perioperative AEs (19.9% vs. 8.6%, p = 0.018). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed shorter MACCE-free survival in patients with PLA > 6.8% (p = 0.007, log rank). Elevated preoperative PLA is associated with increased MACCE and perioperative AEs in patients with rheumatic valve disease undergoing surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongwei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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70
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Laky M, Anscheringer I, Wolschner L, Heber S, Haririan H, Rausch-Fan X, Volf I, Moritz A, Assinger A. Periodontal treatment does not result in detectable platelet activation in vivo. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:1853-1859. [PMID: 31468260 PMCID: PMC7319411 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Periodontitis is associated with systemic inflammation, elevated platelet activation and enhanced risk for cardiovascular diseases, while periodontal treatment reduces tissue inflammation and shows desirable effects on the oral biofilm and dental health. However, subgingival debridement during conservative treatment can lead to local trauma and transient bacteraemia, which might affect cardiovascular risk in these patients. Therefore, we investigated the effect of periodontal treatment on systemic platelet activation. Materials and methods In a prospective therapeutic trial, 26 patients underwent periodontal treatment and patient blood was analysed immediately before and immediately after intervention for platelet activation markers (flow cytometric analysis of P-selectin, CD63 and CD40L surface expression, integrin αIIbβ3 activation and fibrinogen binding, intra-platelet reactive oxygen species production, platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation and intra-platelet vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation) in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Results The present study shows that basal platelet activation levels remain largely unaltered in response to periodontal treatment. We also did not observe significant changes in platelet reactivity in response to different concentrations of platelet agonist ADP. Conclusion Subgingival debridement does not result in relevantly elevated platelet activation. Thus, augmented platelet activation seems unlikely to be a causative triggering factor that increases the short-term risk for platelet-mediated thrombotic events in response to subgingival debridement. Clinical relevance Subgingival debridement is a safe procedure and does not increase the short-term risk for platelet-mediated thrombotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Laky
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Anscheringer
- Department for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Lukas Wolschner
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Heber
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hady Haririan
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivo Volf
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- Department for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), a major public health problem associated with high mortality and increased risk of progression towards end-stage renal disease, is characterized by the activation of intra-renal haemostatic and inflammatory processes. Platelets, which are present in high numbers in the circulation and can rapidly release a broad spectrum of bioactive mediators, are important acute modulators of inflammation and haemostasis, as they are the first cells to arrive at sites of acute injury, where they interact with endothelial cells and leukocytes. Diminished control of platelet reactivity by endothelial cells and/or an increased release of platelet-activating mediators can lead to uncontrolled platelet activation in AKI. As increased platelet sequestration and increased expression levels of the markers P-selectin, thromboxane A2, CC-chemokine ligand 5 and platelet factor 4 on platelets have been reported in kidneys following AKI, platelet activation likely plays a part in AKI pathology. Results from animal models and some clinical studies highlight the potential of antiplatelet therapies in the preservation of renal function in the context of AKI, but as current strategies also affect other cell types and non-platelet-derived mediators, additional studies are required to further elucidate the extent of platelet contribution to the pathology of AKI and to determine the best therapeutic approach by which to specifically target related pathogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel P B Jansen
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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72
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Heber S, Fischer B, Sallaberger-Lehner M, Hausharter M, Ocenasek H, Gleiss A, Fischer MJM, Pokan R, Assinger A, Volf I. Effects of high-intensity interval training on platelet function in cardiac rehabilitation: a randomised controlled trial. Heart 2019; 106:69-79. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo compare effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on platelet function in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation, as hyper-reactive platelets are involved in atherogenesis and atherothrombosis.MethodsIn this single-centre parallel group randomised controlled trial, male patients after an acute coronary syndrome under dual antiplatelet therapy performed MICT or HIIT+MICT for 12 weeks. Main outcome was platelet reactivity measured by the half-maximal concentration (EC50) of platelet agonist thrombin receptor-activating peptide-6 (TRAP-6) in terms of P-selectin expression. EC50 was determined at baseline, after 6 and 12 weeks, each time at physical rest and on exertion.Results82 patients were randomised to MICT or HIIT+MICT. Mean (95% CI) baseline EC50values at physical rest were 6.7 µM (6.3 µM to 7.0 µM) TRAP-6. After 6/12 weeks, 36/33 MICT and 34/28 HIIT+MICT patients were examined. HIIT+MICT patients had 0.9 µM (0.4 µM to 1.4 µM)/0.5 µM (−0.1 µM to 1.0 µM) higher EC50values than MICT ones, and the propensity of their platelets to form aggregates with monocytes was significantly lower after 12 weeks. Short-term strenuous physical exertion was generally associated with platelet activation and an EC50reduction of 0.7 µM (0.6 µM to 0.8 µM). HIIT+MICT patients tended to be fitter after 12 weeks. No serious harms were observed.ConclusionsIncluding HIIT in cardiac rehabilitation seems to confer additional benefits compared with MICT alone, which should be confirmed in clinical trials with hard endpoints. Exertion-induced platelet activation and hyper-reactivity occur despite dual antiplatelet therapy.Trial registration numberNCT02930330; Results.
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73
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Fei M, Xiang L, Chai X, Jin J, You T, Zhao Y, Ruan C, Hao Y, Zhu L. Plasma soluble C-type lectin-like receptor-2 is associated with the risk of coronary artery disease. Front Med 2019; 14:81-90. [PMID: 31280468 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that C-type lectin-like receptor-2 (CLEC-2) plays an important role in atherothrombosis. In this case-control study, we investigated the association between CLEC-2 and incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 216 patients, including 14 cases of stable angina pectoris (SAP, non-ACS) and 202 cases of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and 89 non-CAD control subjects were enrolled. Plasma levels of soluble CLEC-2 (sCLEC-2) were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with the control group (65.69 (55.36-143.22) pg/mL), the plasma levels of sCLEC-2 were significantly increased in patients with CAD (133.67 (88.76-220.09) pg/mL) and ACS (134.16 (88.88-225.81) pg/mL). The multivariate adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of CAD reached 2.01 (1.52-2.66) (Ptrend < 0.001) for each 1-quartile increase in sCLEC-2. Restricted cubic splines showed a positive dose-response association between sCLEC2 and CAD incidence (Plinearity < 0.001). The addition of sCLEC-2 to conventional risk factors improved the C statistic (0.821 vs. 0.761, P = 0.004) and reclassification ability (net reclassification improvement: 57.45%, P < 0.001; integrated discrimination improvement: 8.27%, P < 0.001) for CAD. In conclusion, high plasma sCLEC-2 is independently associated with CAD risk, and the prognostic value of sCLEC-2 may be evaluated in future prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fei
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Xichen Chai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jingchun Jin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Tao You
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Changgeng Ruan
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yiwen Hao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Scorer TG, Reddoch-Cardenas KM, Thomas KA, Cap AP, Spinella PC. Therapeutic Utility of Cold-Stored Platelets or Cold-Stored Whole Blood for the Bleeding Hematology-Oncology Patient. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2019; 33:873-885. [PMID: 31466610 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bleeding related to thrombocytopenia is common in hematology-oncology patients. Platelets stored at room temperature (RTPs) are the current standard of care. Platelets stored in the cold (CSPs) have enhanced hemostatic function relative to RTPs. CSPs were reported to reduce bleeding in hematology-oncology patients. Recent studies have confirmed the enhanced hemostatic properties of CSPs. CSPs may be the better therapeutic option for this population. CSPs may also offer a preferable immune profile, reduced thrombotic risk, and reduced transfusion-transmitted infection risk. The logistical advantages of CSPs would improve outcomes for many patients who currently cannot access platelet transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Scorer
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Research Floor 7, Queens Building, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK; Centre of Defence Pathology, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Kristin M Reddoch-Cardenas
- Coagulation and Blood Research, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, BLDG 3610, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
| | - Kimberly A Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew P Cap
- Coagulation and Blood Research, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3698 Chambers Pass, BLDG 3610, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA
| | - Philip C Spinella
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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75
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Koupenova M, Clancy L, Corkrey HA, Freedman JE. Circulating Platelets as Mediators of Immunity, Inflammation, and Thrombosis. Circ Res 2019; 122:337-351. [PMID: 29348254 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Platelets, non-nucleated blood components first described over 130 years ago, are recognized as the primary cell regulating hemostasis and thrombosis. The vascular importance of platelets has been attributed to their essential role in thrombosis, mediating myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thromboembolism. Increasing knowledge on the platelets' role in the vasculature has led to many advances in understanding not only how platelets interact with the vessel wall but also how they convey changes in the environment to other circulating cells. In addition to their well-described hemostatic function, platelets are active participants in the immune response to microbial organisms and foreign substances. Although incompletely understood, the immune role of platelets is a delicate balance between its pathogenic response and its regulation of thrombotic and hemostatic functions. Platelets mediate complex vascular homeostasis via specific receptors and granule release, RNA transfer, and mitochondrial secretion that subsequently regulates hemostasis and thrombosis, infection, and innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milka Koupenova
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.
| | - Lauren Clancy
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Heather A Corkrey
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Jane E Freedman
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
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76
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Lee J, Jeong L, Jung E, Ko C, Seon S, Noh J, Lee D. Thrombus targeting aspirin particles for near infrared imaging and on-demand therapy of thrombotic vascular diseases. J Control Release 2019; 304:164-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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77
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Steven S, Dib M, Hausding M, Kashani F, Oelze M, Kröller-Schön S, Hanf A, Daub S, Roohani S, Gramlich Y, Lutgens E, Schulz E, Becker C, Lackner KJ, Kleinert H, Knosalla C, Niesler B, Wild PS, Münzel T, Daiber A. CD40L controls obesity-associated vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction in high fat diet-treated and db/db mice. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:312-323. [PMID: 29036612 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims CD40 ligand (CD40L) signaling controls vascular oxidative stress and related dysfunction in angiotensin-II-induced arterial hypertension by regulating vascular immune cell recruitment and platelet activation. Here we investigated the role of CD40L in experimental hyperlipidemia. Methods and results Male wild type and CD40L-/- mice (C57BL/6 background) were subjected to high fat diet for sixteen weeks. Weight, cholesterol, HDL, and LDL levels, endothelial function (isometric tension recording), oxidative stress (NADPH oxidase expression, dihydroethidium fluorescence) and inflammatory parameters (inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6 expression) were assessed. CD40L expression, weight, leptin and lipids were increased, and endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation were more pronounced in wild type mice on a high fat diet, all of which was almost normalized by CD40L deficiency. Similar results were obtained in diabetic db/db mice with CD40/TRAF6 inhibitor (6877002) therapy. In a small human study higher serum sCD40L levels and an inflammatory phenotype were detected in the blood and Aorta ascendens of obese patients (body mass index > 35) that underwent by-pass surgery. Conclusion CD40L controls obesity-associated vascular inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in mice and potentially humans. Thus, CD40L represents a therapeutic target in lipid metabolic disorders which is a leading cause in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Steven
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mobin Dib
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Hausding
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Kashani
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alina Hanf
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Daub
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Siyer Roohani
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yves Gramlich
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian's University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Eberhard Schulz
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Becker
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl J Lackner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kleinert
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Knosalla
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology; Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
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Koessler J, Niklaus M, Weber K, Koessler A, Kuhn S, Boeck M, Kobsar A. The Role of Human Platelet Preparation for Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Related Platelet Responsiveness. TH OPEN 2019; 3:e94-e102. [PMID: 31249988 PMCID: PMC6524919 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1685495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Like immune cells, platelets express the repertoire of toll-like receptors (TLR), among them TLR2 and TLR4, which are important for the recognition of bacterial patterns. Receptor-mediated functional effects in platelets have been investigated, but reliable conclusions are tampered due to heterogeneous study designs with variable platelet preparation methods. This study compares TLR2- and TLR4-dependent platelet responsiveness in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and in washed platelets (WPs).
Material and Methods
Fresh peripheral blood samples from healthy donors served for the preparation of PRP and WP. Basal and agonist-stimulated TLR2 and TLR4 expression levels were evaluated by flow cytometry. Light transmission aggregometry was used to investigate functional effects of TLR2 and TLR4 stimulation with Pam3CSK4 or LPS (lipopolysaccharides from
Escherichia coli
) as ligands. The capacity of chemokine release was determined by immunoassays.
Results
Pam3CSK4 and LPS (in combination with thrombin) were able to induce aggregation in WP, but not in PRP, with threshold concentrations of 15 µg/mL. Basal expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 were higher in WP than in PRP, increasing several-fold rapidly and persistently upon platelet activation with potent agonists. Pam3CSK4 (15 µg/mL) or LPS led to the submaximal release of RANTES, PF4, PDGF, NAP-2, and sCD40L from WP. In PRP, secretory effects are less pronounced for RANTES, PDGF, or PF4, and not detectable for NAP-2 or sCD40L.
Conclusion
The effects mediated by TLR2 and TLR4 stimulation are dependent on platelet preparation, an important issue for experimental designs and for manufacturing of platelet concentrates in transfusion medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Koessler
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Haemotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marius Niklaus
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Haemotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katja Weber
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Haemotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Koessler
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Haemotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kuhn
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Haemotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Boeck
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Haemotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Kobsar
- Institute of Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Haemotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Yi X, Lin J, Zhou Q, Huang R, Chai Z. The TXA2R rs1131882, P2Y1 rs1371097 and GPIIIa rs2317676 three-loci interactions may increase the risk of carotid stenosis in patients with ischemic stroke. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:44. [PMID: 30914039 PMCID: PMC6436214 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic risk factors for carotid stenosis are not fully understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between variants in platelet activation-relevant genes and carotid stenosis in patients with ischemic stroke (IS). Methods Eleven variants of platelet activation-relevant genes, aggregates of platelet-leukocyte, and platelet aggregation were examined in 236 IS patients with carotid stenosis and 378 patients without carotid stenosis. High-resolution B-mode ultrasound was used to assess carotid stenosis. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) methods were applied in analyzing gene-gene interactions to determine whether there was any interactive role of assessed variants in affecting risk of carotid stenosis. Results Platelet aggregation and aggregates of platelet-leukocyte showed higher value in patients with carotid stenosis, compared with patients without carotid stenosis. Excluding potential disturbance variables, these 11 variants were not associated with carotid stenosis. However, according to the GMDR analysis, gene-gene interactions among TXA2R rs1131882, P2Y1 rs1371097 and GPIIIa rs2317676 had a synergistic influence on carotid stenosis. The high-risk interactions between the three variants showed a relationship with higher platelet activation, and have independent associations with risk of carotid stenosis (OR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.28–7.82, P = 0.001). Conclusion The interactions among rs1131882, rs1371097 and rs2317676 perhaps increase the risk of symptomatic carotid stenosis, and maybe a potential marker for carotid stenosis. In this study, the combinatorial analysis made good use in elucidating complex risk factors in the heredity of carotid stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Yi
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No 108 Wanson road, Ruan City, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No 108 Wanson road, Ruan City, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruyue Huang
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No 108 Wanson road, Ruan City, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenxiao Chai
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No 108 Wanson road, Ruan City, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China
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80
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Platelets in Systemic Sclerosis: the Missing Link Connecting Vasculopathy, Autoimmunity, and Fibrosis? Curr Rheumatol Rep 2019; 21:15. [PMID: 30830444 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-019-0815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Platelets are no longer recognized solely as cell fragments regulating hemostasis. They have pleiotropic functions and they are linked directly or indirectly with the three cornerstones of systemic sclerosis (SSc): vasculopathy, autoimmunity, and fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the potential role of platelets in the pathogenesis of SSc. RECENT FINDINGS Experimental evidence suggests that vasculopathy, a universal and early finding in SSc, may activate platelets which subsequently release several profibrotic mediators such as serotonin and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). Platelets may also cross-react with the endothelium leading to the release of molecules, such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), that may trigger fibrosis or sustain vascular damage. Finally, activated platelets express CD40L and provide costimulatory help to B cells, something that may facilitate the breach in immune tolerance. Preclinical studies point to the direction that platelets are actively involved in SSc pathogenesis. Targeting platelets may be an attractive therapeutic approach in SSc.
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81
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Ben-Shaul S, Landau S, Merdler U, Levenberg S. Mature vessel networks in engineered tissue promote graft-host anastomosis and prevent graft thrombosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:2955-2960. [PMID: 30718418 PMCID: PMC6386696 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814238116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft vascularization remains one of the most critical challenges facing tissue-engineering experts in their attempt to create thick transplantable tissues and organs. In vitro prevascularization of engineered tissues has been suggested to promote rapid anastomosis between the graft and host vasculatures; however, thrombotic events have been reported upon graft implantation. Here, we aimed to determine whether in vitro vessel maturation in transplantable grafts can accelerate vascular integration and graft perfusion and prevent thrombotic events in the grafts. To this end, endothelial cells and fibroblasts were cocultured on 3D scaffolds for 1, 7, or 14 d to form vasculature with different maturation degrees. Monitoring graft-host interactions postimplantation demonstrated that the 14-d in vitro-cultured grafts, bearing more mature and complex vessel networks as indicated by elongated and branched vessel structures, had increased graft-host vessel anastomosis; host vessel penetration into the graft increased approximately eightfold, and graft perfusion increased sixfold. The presence of developed vessel networks prevented clot accumulation in the grafts. Conversely, short-term cultured constructs demonstrated poor vascularization and increased thrombus formation. Elevated expression levels of coagulation factors, von Willebrand factor (vWF), and tissue factor (TF), were demonstrated in constructs bearing less mature vasculature. To conclude, these findings demonstrate the importance of establishing mature and complex vessel networks in engineered tissues before implantation to promote anastomosis with the host and accelerate graft perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Ben-Shaul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
- The Interdepartmental Program for Biotechnology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Shira Landau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Uri Merdler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel;
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82
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Tony AA, Tony EA, Mohammed WS, Kholef EF. Evaluation of plasma levels of neopterin and soluble CD40 ligand in patients with acute ischemic stroke in upper Egypt: can they surrogate the severity and functional outcome? Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:575-586. [PMID: 30863079 PMCID: PMC6390873 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s177726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation constitutes a major component of ischemic stroke pathology. The prognostic value of "neopterin" and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), as a potential biomarker of ischemic stroke, has been less extensively studied. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY This study aims at assessing the serum levels of neopterin and sCD40L in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), to clarify its association with the severity, etiology, and risk factors of stroke, and to evaluate their relationship with the stroke functional outcome in our study sample within 90 days of follow-up. STUDY SAMPLE This case-control study was conducted on 100 patients with first-ever acute onset ischemic stroke and 25 control subjects. METHODS Participants were subjected to full history taking and detailed clinical and neurological examination. Brain imaging was performed after hospital admission. Blood tests were drawn for assessment of neopterin and sCD40L on the first day of admission. RESULTS High levels of neopterin and sCD40L was reported. Their levels were significantly higher in relation with survival status. There was a relationship between AIS and sCD40L levels and the severity of the stroke. Within 3 months of follow-up, these biomarkers were associated significantly with poor functional outcome, within a 90-day follow-up period, and mortality. These biomarkers were highly associated in patients with small vessel occlusion as an etiology for AIS. CONCLUSION Neopterin and sCD40L levels increased after AIS. Both biomarkers were strong and independent predictors of 90-day unfavorable clinical outcome and death in patients after AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Tony
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt,
| | - Effat Ae Tony
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Salah Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Emad F Kholef
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
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84
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Reiche ME, den Toom M, Willemsen L, van Os B, Gijbels MJJ, Gerdes N, Aarts SABM, Lutgens E. Deficiency of T cell CD40L has minor beneficial effects on obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019; 7:e000829. [PMID: 31908798 PMCID: PMC6936585 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction increases the risk of multiple diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The importance of the co-stimulatory CD40-CD40L dyad in diet-induced obesity (DIO), with opposing phenotypes arising when either the receptor (aggravating) or the ligand (protective) is deleted, has been described previously. The functions of CD40 and CD40L are cell type dependent. As co-stimulation via T cell-mediated CD40L is essential for driving inflammation, we here investigate the role of T cell CD40L in DIO. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS CD4CreCD40Lfl/fl mice on a C57BL/6 background were generated and subjected to DIO by administration of 15 weeks of high fat diet (HFD). RESULTS HFD-fed CD4CreCD40Lfl/fl mice had similar weight gain, adipocyte sizes, plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels as their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Insulin and glucose tolerance were comparable, although CD4CreCD40Lfl/fl mice did have a decreased plasma insulin concentration, suggesting a minor improvement of insulin resistance. Furthermore, although the degree of hepatosteatosis was similar in both genotypes, the gene expression of fatty acid synthase 1 and ATP-citrate lyase had decreased, whereas expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α had increased in livers of CD4CreCD40Lfl/fl mice, suggesting decreased hepatic lipid uptake in absence of T cell CD40L.Moreover, CD4CreCD40Lfl/fl mice displayed significantly lower numbers of effector memory CD4+ T cells and regulatory T cells in blood and lymphoid organs compared with WT. However, immune cell composition and inflammatory status of the adipose tissue was similar in CD4CreCD40Lfl/fl and WT mice. CONCLUSIONS T cell CD40L deficiency results in a minor improvement of insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis in DIO, despite the strong decrease in effector T cells and regulatory T cells in blood and lymphoid organs. Our data indicate that other CD40L-expressing cell types are more relevant in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe E Reiche
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC—Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe den Toom
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC—Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Willemsen
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC—Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram van Os
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC—Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion J J Gijbels
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC—Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Pathology, CARIM, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Gerdes
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Suzanne A B M Aarts
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC—Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC—Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Munich, Germany
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85
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Eisinger F, Patzelt J, Langer HF. The Platelet Response to Tissue Injury. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:317. [PMID: 30483508 PMCID: PMC6242949 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, various studies have increasingly explained platelet functions not only in their central role as a regulator in cellular hemostasis and coagulation. In fact, there is growing evidence that under specific conditions, platelets act as a mediator between the vascular system, hemostasis, and the immune system. Therefore, they are essential in many processes involved in tissue remodeling and tissue reorganization after injury or inflammatory responses. These processes include the promotion of inflammatory processes, the contribution to innate and adaptive immune responses during bacterial and viral infections, the modulation of angiogenesis, and the regulation of cell apoptosis in steady-state tissue homeostasis or after tissue breakdown. All in all platelets may contribute to the control of tissue homeostasis much more than generally assumed. This review summarizes the current knowledge of platelets as part of the tissue remodeling network and seeks to provide possible translational implications for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Eisinger
- Section for Cardioimmunology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Patzelt
- University Clinic for Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald F. Langer
- Section for Cardioimmunology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
- University Clinic for Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
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NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2): A key target of oxidative stress-mediated platelet activation and thrombosis. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2018; 28:429-434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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87
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Gabryelska A, Łukasik ZM, Makowska JS, Białasiewicz P. Obstructive Sleep Apnea: From Intermittent Hypoxia to Cardiovascular Complications via Blood Platelets. Front Neurol 2018; 9:635. [PMID: 30123179 PMCID: PMC6085466 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent episodes of apneas or hypopneas during sleep leading to intermittent hypoxemia and arousals. The prevalence of the sleep disordered breathing is estimated that almost 50% of men and 24% of women suffer from moderate to severe form of the disorder. Snoring, collapse of upper airways and intermittent hypoxia are main causes of smoldering systemic inflammation in patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea. The systematic inflammation is considered one of the key mechanisms leading to significant cardiovascular complications. Blood platelets, formerly not even recognized as cells, are currently gaining attention as crucial players in the immune continuum. Platelet surface is endowed with receptors characteristic for cells classically belonging to the immune system, which enables them to recognize pathogens, immune complexes, and interact in a homo- and heterotypic aggregates. Platelets participate in the process of transcellular production of bioactive lipids by delivering both specific enzymes and substrate molecules. Despite their lack of nucleus, platelets synthetize proteins in a stimuli-dependent manner. Atherosclerosis and consequent cardiovascular complications result from disruption in homeostasis of both of the platelet roles: blood coagulation and inflammatory processes modulation. Platelet parameters, routinely evaluated as a part of complete blood count test, were proposed as markers of cardiovascular comorbidity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Platelets were found to be excessively activated in this group of patients, especially in obese subjects. Persistent activation results in enhanced spontaneous aggregability and change in cytokine production. Platelet-lymphocyte ratio was suggested as an independent marker for cardiovascular disease in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and continuous positive air pressure therapy was found to have an impact on platelet parameters and phenotype. In this literature review we summarize the current knowledge on the subject of platelets involvement in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and consider the possible pathways in which they contribute to cardiovascular comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gabryelska
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Zuzanna M Łukasik
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna S Makowska
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Białasiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune effector mechanisms, in conjunction with hyperlipidemia, are important drivers of atherosclerosis. The interaction between the different immune cells and the secretion of cytokines and chemokines determine the progression of atherosclerosis. The activation or dampening of the immune response is tightly controlled by immune checkpoints. Costimulatory and coinhibitory immune checkpoints represent potential targets for immune modulatory therapies for atherosclerosis. This review will discuss the current knowledge on immune checkpoints in atherosclerosis and the clinical potential of immune checkpoint targeted therapy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Rouwet
- From the Department of Surgery and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (E.R.)
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.L.)
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilian's University (LMU), Munich, Germany (E.L.)
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Zhang M, Sun J, Chen B, Zhao Y, Gong H, You Y, Qi R. Ginkgolide B inhibits platelet and monocyte adhesion in TNFα-treated HUVECs under laminar shear stress. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:220. [PMID: 30029641 PMCID: PMC6053749 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Endothelial cells are sensitive to changes in both blood components and mechanical stimuli. Endothelial cells may undergo phenotypic changes, such as changes in adhesion protein expression, under different shear stress conditions. Such changes may impact platelet and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. This phenomenon is linked to chronic vascular inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ginkgolide B on platelet and monocyte adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under different conditions of laminar shear stress. Methods Platelet and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells was determined by the Bioflux 1000. HUVECs were incubated with ginkgolide B or aspirin for 12 h, and then TNFα was added for 2 h to induce the inflammatory response under conditions of 1 and 9 dyn/cm2 laminar shear stress. The protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. Results The number of platelets that adhered was greater under conditions of 1 dyn/cm2 than under conditions of 9 dyn/cm2 of laminar shear stress (74.8 ± 19.2 and 59.5 ± 15.1, respectively). Ginkgolide B reduced the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced increase in platelet and monocyte adhesion to HUVECs at 1 and 9 dyn/cm2 of laminar shear stress. In TNFα-treated HUVECs, the number of monocytes that adhered was greater under conditions of 1 dyn/cm2 of laminar shear stress compared with 9 dyn/cm2 (29.1 ± 4.9 and 22.7 ± 3.7, respectively). Ginkgolide B inhibited the TNFα-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1), VE-cadherin, and Cx43 in HUVECs at 1 and 9 dyn/cm2. The expression of these proteins was not different between 1 and 9 dyn/cm2. Conclusions Ginkgolide B suppressed platelet and monocyte adhesion under different conditions of laminar shear stress. Moreover, ginkgolide B reduced VCAM-1, VE-cadherin and Cx43 expression in TNFα-treated HUVECs under laminar shear stress. This suggested that ginkgolide B might shed light on the treatment of inflammation in atherosclerosis.
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90
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New Insight on a Combination of Policosanol and 10-Dehydrogingerdione Phytochemicals as Inhibitors for Platelet Activation Biomarkers and Atherogenicity Risk in Dyslipidemic Rabbits: Role of CETP and PCSK9 Inhibition. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 186:805-815. [PMID: 29740798 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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91
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Abstract
Thrombosis is a frequent issue in cancer patients. Tumor-induced platelet activation and coagulation does not only constitute a significant risk for thrombosis, but also contribute to tumor progression by promoting critical processes such as angiogenesis and metastasis. In addition to their role in hemostasis, platelets are increasingly recognized as regulators of inflammation. By modulating the immune system, platelets regulate several aspects of cancer-associated pathology. Platelets influence the inflammatory response in cancer by affecting the activation status of the endothelium and by recruiting leukocytes to primary and metastatic tumor sites, as well as to distant organs unaffected by tumor growth. Furthermore, platelets participate in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, which can promote metastasis, thrombosis, and contribute to organ failure. In this review, we discuss the role of platelets as coordinators of the immune system during malignant disease and the potential of targeting platelets to prevent cancer-associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Olsson
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology , Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - J Cedervall
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology , Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center , Uppsala , Sweden
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92
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Finsterbusch M, Schrottmaier WC, Kral-Pointner JB, Salzmann M, Assinger A. Measuring and interpreting platelet-leukocyte aggregates. Platelets 2018; 29:677-685. [PMID: 29461910 PMCID: PMC6178087 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1430358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelets, besides their specialised role in haemostasis and atherothrombosis, actively modulate innate and adaptive immune responses with crucial roles in immune surveillance, inflammation and host defence during infection. An important prerequisite for platelet-mediated changes of immune functions involves direct engagement with different types of leukocytes. Indeed, increased platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) within the circulation and/or locally at the site of inflammation represent markers of many thrombo-inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, acute lung injury, renal and cerebral inflammation. Therefore, measurement of PLAs could provide an attractive and easily accessible prognostic and/or diagnostic tool for many diseases. To measure PLAs in different (patho-)physiological settings in human and animal models flow cytometric and microscopic approaches have been applied. These techniques represent complementary tools to study different aspects relating to the involvement of leukocyte subtypes and molecules, as well as location of PLAs within tissues, dynamics of their interactions and/or dynamic changes in leukocyte and platelet behaviour. This review summarises various approaches to measure and interpret PLAs and discusses potential experimental factors influencing platelet binding to leukocytes. Furthermore, we summarise insights gained from studies regarding the underlying mechanism of platelet-leukocyte interactions and discuss implications of these interactions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Finsterbusch
- a Department for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research , Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Waltraud C Schrottmaier
- a Department for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research , Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Julia B Kral-Pointner
- a Department for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research , Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- a Department for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research , Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- a Department for Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research , Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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Huang DL, Chen QF, Wang W, Huang Z, Li T, Li J, Wang F. Association of rs1333040 SNPs with susceptibility, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of acute myocardial infarction patients in a Chinese Han population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:727-738. [PMID: 31938159 PMCID: PMC6958057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association of rs1333040 SNPs and several risk and environmental factors with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The association of rs1333040 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA1 (CDKN2B-AS1) gene with AMI has been confirmed in some European populations. However, at the time this study was initiated, no rs1333040 SNPs had been associated with AMI in Chinese individuals. Genotypes of rs1333040 were determined in 334 AMI patients and 334 healthy controls from a Chinese Han population by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and then confirmed by direct sequencing. The TT genotype of rs1333040 was positively correlated with AMI risk (P < 0.001). The frequency of the C allele of rs1333040 in patients with diagnosis time (DT) > 12 h was lower than that in patients with shorter DT (P < 0.05), with no differences in typical symptoms, serious complications, and infarction location (P > 0.05 for each). There were interactions between the rs1333040 SNP genotype (TT, TC, or CC), and patients who smoked ≥ 20 cigarettes/day (P < 0.017). The rs1333040 TT genotype was positively correlated with the risk of AMI. For the first time, we discovered that the C allele of rs1333040 was significantly correlated with DT ≤ 12 h of AMI. Also, the interaction between the minor C allele of rs1333040 and smoking appears to increase the risk of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ling Huang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan-Fang Chen
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou Huang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
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94
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Otto A, Fareed J, Liles J, Statz S, Walborn A, Rowe T, Jabati S, Hoppensteadt D, Syed MA. Fibrinolytic Deficit and Platelet Activation in Atrial Fibrillation and Their Postablation Modulation. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2018; 24:803-807. [PMID: 29374968 PMCID: PMC6714877 DOI: 10.1177/1076029617750270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine the effects of atrial fibrillation (AF) on the expression of the cellular mediators plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and CD40 ligand (CD40-L). Additionally, the effect of catheter ablation on the levels of the aforementioned biomarkers was also examined. In this prospective study, plasma samples were collected from patients with AF at baseline prior to ablation and at 1 and 3 months postablation. There was a statistically significant increase in CD40-L at baseline in patients with AF compared to control ( P = .0034). There was a statistically significant decrease in CD40-L levels postablation at both 1 month ( P < .0001) and 3 months ( P < .0001) compared to baseline. Baseline levels of PAI-1 were elevated compared to the control group (mean 19.55 ± 2.17 ng/mL vs 4.85 ± 0.41 ng/mL) and a statistically significant decrease in circulating PAI-1 levels 1 month postablation ( P = .05) was noted compared to preablation levels. These data suggest that inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AF and that these cellular mediators are modulated by catheter ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Otto
- 1 Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jawed Fareed
- 2 Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey Liles
- 1 Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Stephen Statz
- 1 Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Amanda Walborn
- 1 Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Timothy Rowe
- 1 Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Sallu Jabati
- 1 Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Debra Hoppensteadt
- 2 Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Mushabar A Syed
- 3 Department of Cardiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
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95
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Jung E, Kang C, Lee J, Yoo D, Hwang DW, Kim D, Park SC, Lim SK, Song C, Lee D. Molecularly Engineered Theranostic Nanoparticles for Thrombosed Vessels: H 2O 2-Activatable Contrast-Enhanced Photoacoustic Imaging and Antithrombotic Therapy. ACS NANO 2018; 12:392-401. [PMID: 29257881 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A thrombus (blood clot), composed mainly of activated platelets and fibrin, obstructs arteries or veins, leading to various life-threatening diseases. Inspired by the distinctive physicochemical characteristics of thrombi such as abundant fibrin and an elevated level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), we developed thrombus-specific theranostic (T-FBM) nanoparticles that could provide H2O2-triggered photoacoustic signal amplification and serve as an antithrombotic nanomedicine. T-FBM nanoparticles were designed to target fibrin-rich thrombi and be activated by H2O2 to generate CO2 bubbles to amplify the photoacoustic signal. In the phantom studies, T-FBM nanoparticles showed significant amplification of ultrasound/photoacoustic signals in a H2O2-triggered manner. T-FBM nanoparticles also exerted H2O2-activatable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet activities on endothelial cells. In mouse models of carotid arterial injury, T-FBM nanoparticles significantly enhanced the photoacoustic contrast specifically in thrombosed vessels and significantly suppressed thrombus formation. We anticipate that T-FBM nanoparticles hold great translational potential as nanotheranostics for H2O2-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyeong Jung
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University , Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsun Kang
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University , Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Lee
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University , Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyuck Yoo
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University , Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Won Hwang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul 03083, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul 03083, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Cheol Park
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Sunchon National University , Sunchon, Chonnam 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyoo Lim
- Division of Nano & Energy Convergence Research, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology , Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulgyu Song
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chonbuk National University , Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Lee
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University , Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer·Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University , Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
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96
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Cho K, Kim J, Kim GW. Changes in Blood Factors and Ultrasound Findings in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 9:427. [PMID: 29311909 PMCID: PMC5742568 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the changes in blood factors and ultrasound measures of atherosclerosis burden patient with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Peripheral blood samples and ultrasonography findings were obtained for 53 enrolled participants. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate levels of activated platelets and platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs). The number of platelets expressing p-selectin was correlated with intima media thickness (IMT) and plaque number in both the MCI and dementia groups. The number of platelets expressing p-selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL) was strongly correlated with IMT in patients with MCI, whereas the number of platelets expressing PGSL was correlated with plaque number rather than IMT in patients with dementia. PLAs was associated with both IMT and plaque number in patients with MCI but not in those with dementia. Our findings demonstrate that alterations in IMT and plaque number are associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline as well as conversion from MCI to dementia and that blood factor analysis may aid to detect the severity of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungjoo Cho
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyung W Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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97
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Jin R, Xiao AY, Song Z, Yu S, Li J, Cui MZ, Li G. Platelet CD40 Mediates Leukocyte Recruitment and Neointima Formation after Arterial Denudation Injury in Atherosclerosis-Prone Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:252-263. [PMID: 29037856 PMCID: PMC5745524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of platelets in the development of thrombosis and abrupt closure after angioplasty is well recognized. However, the direct impact of platelets on neointima formation after arterial injury remains undetermined. Herein, we show that neointima formation after carotid artery wire injury reduces markedly in CD40-/- apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice but only slightly in CD40 ligand-/-apoE-/- mice, compared with apoE-/- mice. Wild-type and CD40-deficient platelets were isolated from blood of apoE-/- and CD40-/-apoE-/- mice, respectively. The i.v. injection of thrombin-activated platelets into CD40-/-apoE-/- mice was performed every 5 days, starting at 2 days before wire injury. Injection of wild-type platelets promoted neointima formation, which was associated with increased inflammation by stimulating leukocyte recruitment via up-regulation of circulating platelet surface P-selectin expression and the formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates. It was also associated with further promoting the luminal deposition of platelet-derived regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 and expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 in wire-injured carotid arteries. Remarkably, all these inflammatory actions by activated platelets were abrogated by lack of CD40 on injected platelets. Moreover, injection of wild-type platelets inhibited endothelial recovery in wire-injured carotid arteries, but this effect was also abrogated by lack of CD40 on injected platelets. Results suggest that platelet CD40 plays a pivotal role in neointima formation after arterial injury and might represent an attractive target to prevent restenosis after vascular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana; Department of Neurosurgery, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam Y Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Zifang Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Shiyong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jarvis Li
- Caddo Magnet High School, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Mei-Zhen Cui
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Guohong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana; Department of Neurosurgery, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana.
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98
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99
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Badrnya S, Butler LM, Söderberg-Naucler C, Volf I, Assinger A. Platelets directly enhance neutrophil transmigration in response to oxidised low-density lipoprotein. Thromb Haemost 2017; 108:719-29. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-03-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SummaryBeyond their primary role in haemostasis and tissue repair, platelets are causally involved in the onset of inflammatory reactions, cell proliferation and immune response. Platelet activation and platelet binding to the endothelium result in release of chemokines and increased expression of adhesion molecules, which promote the recruitment of leukocytes that will eventually migrate across the endothelium into the tissue. Here, we provide the first evidence that platelets stimulated with oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) directly enhance recruitment and transmigration of neutrophils, via cell-cell interaction. OxLDL immediately activates platelets, which then rapidly bind to neutrophils, foster their activation and facilitate transmigration through an endothelial monolayer. The observed effects of oxLDL on platelet-neutrophil aggregate (PNA) formation depend on incubation time, lipoprotein concentration and the degree of oxidative modification of LDL. PNA form within minutes following stimulation by oxLDL and remain for up to 1 h post stimulation, while native LDL is unable to induce platelet-neutrophil interactions. In the presence of acetylsalicylic acid the formation of PNA in response to oxLDL is virtually absent, and platelets fail to further enhance oxLDL-induced neutrophil transmigration. P2Y1 and P2Y12 inhibitors have less pronounced effects on PNA formation in response to oxLDL. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the PI3K pathway is essential for efficient neutrophil transmigration induced by oxLDL. Consequently, platelets enhance neutrophil transmigration in response to oxLDL and might thereby contribute essentially to the amplification of inflammatory processes within the vessel wall, which fosters the development of atherosclerosis.
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100
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Hellen IA, Steffen M, Stocker T, Christian S. Small but mighty: Platelets as central effectors of host defense. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:651-661. [DOI: 10.1160/th16-12-0921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SummaryPlatelets actively participate in inflammatory processes and drive diseases such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer metastasis. However, platelets also have anti-inflammatory and anti-infective properties, which have received less consideration in the past. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the role of platelets in host defense and describe regulatory pathways modulating immuneresponses. Furthermore, we discuss the role of platelets for the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. These conceptual changes contribute to our understanding of platelet biology in disease.
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