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Abstract
Malignancies of the erythroid lineage are rare but aggressive diseases. Notably, the first insights into their biology emerged over half a century ago from avian and murine tumor viruses-induced erythroleukemia models providing the rationale for several transgenic mouse models that unraveled the transforming potential of signaling effectors and transcription factors in the erythroid lineage. More recently, genetic roadmaps have fueled efforts to establish models that are based on the epigenomic lesions observed in patients with erythroid malignancies. These models, together with often unexpected erythroid phenotypes in genetically modified mice, provided further insights into the molecular mechanisms of disease initiation and maintenance. Here, we review how the increasing knowledge of human erythroleukemia genetics combined with those from various mouse models indicate that the pathogenesis of the disease is based on the interplay between signaling mutations, impaired TP53 function, and altered chromatin organization. These alterations lead to aberrant activity of erythroid transcriptional master regulators like GATA1, indicating that erythroleukemia will most likely require combinatorial targeting for efficient therapeutic interventions.
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p53 Protein Isoform Profiles in AML: Correlation with Distinct Differentiation Stages and Response to Epigenetic Differentiation Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040833. [PMID: 33917201 PMCID: PMC8068061 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 protein isoform expression has been found to correlate with prognosis and chemotherapy response in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We aimed to investigate how p53 protein isoforms are modulated during epigenetic differentiation therapy in AML, and if p53 isoform expression could be a potential biomarker for predicting a response to this treatment. p53 full-length (FL), p53β and p53γ protein isoforms were analyzed by 1D and 2D gel immunoblots in AML cell lines, primary AML cells from untreated patients and AML cells from patients before and after treatment with valproic acid (VPA), all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and theophylline. Furthermore, global gene expression profiling analysis was performed on samples from the clinical protocol. Correlation analyses were performed between p53 protein isoform expression and in vitro VPA sensitivity and FAB (French–American–British) class in primary AML cells. The results show downregulation of p53β/γ and upregulation of p53FL in AML cell lines treated with VPA, and in some of the patients treated with differentiation therapy. p53FL positively correlated with in vitro VPA sensitivity and the FAB class of AML, while p53β/γ isoforms negatively correlated with the same. Our results indicate that p53 protein isoforms are modulated by and may predict sensitivity to differentiation therapy in AML.
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53
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Pharmacological Inhibition of WIP1 Sensitizes Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells to the MDM2 Inhibitor Nutlin-3a. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040388. [PMID: 33917342 PMCID: PMC8067413 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the restoration of p53 activity through MDM2 inhibition proved efficacy in combinatorial therapies. WIP1, encoded from PPM1D, is a negative regulator of p53. We evaluated PPM1D expression and explored the therapeutic efficacy of WIP1 inhibitor (WIP1i) GSK2830371, in association with the MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin-3a (Nut-3a) in AML cell lines and primary samples. PPM1D transcript levels were higher in young patients compared with older ones and in core-binding-factor AML compared with other cytogenetic subgroups. In contrast, its expression was reduced in NPM1-mutated (mut, irrespective of FLT3-ITD status) or TP53-mut cases compared with wild-type (wt) ones. Either Nut-3a, and moderately WIP1i, as single agent decreased cell viability of TP53-wt cells (MV-4-11, MOLM-13, OCI-AML3) in a time/dosage-dependent manner, but not of TP53-mut cells (HEL, KASUMI-1, NOMO-1). The drug combination synergistically reduced viability and induced apoptosis in TP53-wt AML cell line and primary cells, but not in TP53-mut cells. Gene expression and immunoblotting analyses showed increased p53, MDM2 and p21 levels in treated TP53-wt cells and highlighted the enrichment of MYC, PI3K-AKT-mTOR and inflammation-related signatures upon WIP1i, Nut-3a and their combination, respectively, in the MV-4-11 TP53-wt model. This study demonstrated that WIP1 is a promising therapeutic target to enhance Nut-3a efficacy in TP53-wt AML.
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Kamal AM, Nabih NA, Elleboudy NS, Radwan SM. Expression of immune check point gene TIM-3 in patients newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia: Significance and impact on outcome. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:325. [PMID: 33692857 PMCID: PMC7933755 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in the therapeutic landscape of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the prognosis of patients remains poor. Immune check point inhibitors have been investigated in hematological malignancies, including AML; however, the role of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) in AML has not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate TIM-3 gene expression in patients with AML and determine its associations with prognostic variables and clinical outcome. A total of 60 patients newly diagnosed with AML and 15 healthy matching individuals were recruited in the present study, and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis was performed to detect TIM-3 expression. The results demonstrated that TIM-3 expression was significantly upregulated in patients with AML compared with that in healthy individuals (P<0.001). In addition, patients with extramedullary disease (EMD) exhibited significantly lower median TIM-3 expression levels compared with those without EMD (P=0.001). Furthermore, patients with high TIM-3 expression had significantly lower complete remission rates following induction chemotherapy compared with those with low TIM-3 expression (P=0.004). High TIM-3 expression was significantly associated with lower overall survival rates during the 1-year follow-up (P=0.001). Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that TIM-3 may act as a biomarker of a poor prognosis in patients with AML, and be used as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany M. Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Nermeen A. Nabih
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11591, Egypt
| | - Nooran S. Elleboudy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Sara M. Radwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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55
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Narkar A, Johnson BA, Bharne P, Zhu J, Padmanaban V, Biswas D, Fraser A, Iglesias PA, Ewald AJ, Li R. On the role of p53 in the cellular response to aneuploidy. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108892. [PMID: 33761356 PMCID: PMC8051136 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most solid tumors are aneuploid, and p53 has been implicated as the guardian of the euploid genome. Previous experiments using human cell lines showed that aneuploidy induction leads to p53 accumulation and p21-mediated G1 cell cycle arrest. We find that adherent 2-dimensional (2D) cultures of human immortalized or cancer cell lines activate p53 upon aneuploidy induction, whereas suspension cultures of a human lymphoid cell line undergo a p53-independent cell cycle arrest. Surprisingly, 3D human and mouse organotypic cultures from neural, intestinal, or mammary epithelial tissues do not activate p53 or arrest in G1 following aneuploidy induction. p53-deficient colon organoids have increased aneuploidy and frequent lagging chromosomes and multipolar spindles during mitosis. These data suggest that p53 may not act as a universal surveillance factor restricting the proliferation of aneuploid cells but instead helps directly or indirectly ensure faithful chromosome transmission likely by preventing polyploidization and influencing spindle mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Narkar
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Blake A Johnson
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Pandurang Bharne
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jin Zhu
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Veena Padmanaban
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Debojyoti Biswas
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Andrew Fraser
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Pablo A Iglesias
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
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56
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Molica M, Mazzone C, Niscola P, de Fabritiis P. TP53 Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Still a Daunting Challenge? Front Oncol 2021; 10:610820. [PMID: 33628731 PMCID: PMC7897660 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.610820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 is a key tumor suppressor gene with protean functions associated with preservation of genomic balance, including regulation of cellular senescence, apoptotic pathways, metabolism functions, and DNA repair. The vast majority of de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) present unaltered TP53 alleles. However, TP53 mutations are frequently detected in AML related to an increased genomic instability, such as therapy‐related (t-AML) or AML with myelodysplasia-related changes. Of note, TP53 mutations are associated with complex cytogenetic abnormalities, advanced age, chemoresistance, and poor outcomes. Recent breakthroughs in AML research and the development of targeted drugs directed at specific mutations have led to an explosion of novel treatments with different mechanisms. However, optimal treatment strategy for patients harboring TP53 mutations remains a critical area of unmet need. In this review, we focus on the incidence and clinical significance of TP53 mutations in de novo and t-AML. The influence of these alterations on response and clinical outcomes as well as the current and future therapeutic perspectives for this hardly treatable setting are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Molica
- Haematology Unit, S. Eugenio Hospital, ASL Roma 2, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Mazzone
- Haematology Unit, S. Eugenio Hospital, ASL Roma 2, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paolo de Fabritiis
- Haematology Unit, S. Eugenio Hospital, ASL Roma 2, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedicina and Prevenzione, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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57
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Meireles Da Costa N, Palumbo A, De Martino M, Fusco A, Ribeiro Pinto LF, Nasciutti LE. Interplay between HMGA and TP53 in cell cycle control along tumor progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:817-831. [PMID: 32920697 PMCID: PMC11071717 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The high mobility group A (HMGA) proteins are found to be aberrantly expressed in several tumors. Studies (in vitro and in vivo) have shown that HMGA protein overexpression has a causative role in carcinogenesis process. HMGA proteins regulate cell cycle progression through distinct mechanisms which strongly influence its normal dynamics along malignant transformation. Tumor protein p53 (TP53) is the most frequently altered gene in cancer. The loss of its activity is recognized as the fall of a barrier that enables neoplastic transformation. Among the different functions, TP53 signaling pathway is tightly involved in control of cell cycle, with cell cycle arrest being the main biological outcome observed upon p53 activation, which prevents accumulation of damaged DNA, as well as genomic instability. Therefore, the interaction and opposing effects of HMGA and p53 proteins on regulation of cell cycle in normal and tumor cells are discussed in this review. HMGA proteins and p53 may reciprocally regulate the expression and/or activity of each other, leading to the counteraction of their regulation mechanisms at different stages of the cell cycle. The existence of a functional crosstalk between these proteins in the control of cell cycle could open the possibility of targeting HMGA and p53 in combination with other therapeutic strategies, particularly those that target cell cycle regulation, to improve the management and prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Meireles Da Costa
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37-6th floor-Centro, 20231-050, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Palumbo
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Prédio de Ciências da Saúde-Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, A. Carlos Chagas, 373-Bloco F, Sala 26, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco De Martino
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37-6th floor-Centro, 20231-050, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Prédio de Ciências da Saúde-Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, A. Carlos Chagas, 373-Bloco F, Sala 26, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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58
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Latif AL, Newcombe A, Li S, Gilroy K, Robertson NA, Lei X, Stewart HJS, Cole J, Terradas MT, Rishi L, McGarry L, McKeeve C, Reid C, Clark W, Campos J, Kirschner K, Davis A, Lopez J, Sakamaki JI, Morton JP, Ryan KM, Tait SWG, Abraham SA, Holyoake T, Higgins B, Huang X, Blyth K, Copland M, Chevassut TJT, Keeshan K, Adams PD. BRD4-mediated repression of p53 is a target for combination therapy in AML. Nat Commun 2021; 12:241. [PMID: 33431824 PMCID: PMC7801601 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a typically lethal molecularly heterogeneous disease, with few broad-spectrum therapeutic targets. Unusually, most AML retain wild-type TP53, encoding the pro-apoptotic tumor suppressor p53. MDM2 inhibitors (MDM2i), which activate wild-type p53, and BET inhibitors (BETi), targeting the BET-family co-activator BRD4, both show encouraging pre-clinical activity, but limited clinical activity as single agents. Here, we report enhanced toxicity of combined MDM2i and BETi towards AML cell lines, primary human blasts and mouse models, resulting from BETi's ability to evict an unexpected repressive form of BRD4 from p53 target genes, and hence potentiate MDM2i-induced p53 activation. These results indicate that wild-type TP53 and a transcriptional repressor function of BRD4 together represent a potential broad-spectrum synthetic therapeutic vulnerability for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley Newcombe
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sha Li
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn Gilroy
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil A Robertson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Xue Lei
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Helen J S Stewart
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - John Cole
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Loveena Rishi
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lynn McGarry
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Claire McKeeve
- West of Scotland Genomics Services (Laboratories), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Claire Reid
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Joana Campos
- Paul O'Gorman Leukemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Andrew Davis
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Lopez
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Jennifer P Morton
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sheela A Abraham
- Paul O'Gorman Leukemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department Of Biomedical And Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tessa Holyoake
- Paul O'Gorman Leukemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brian Higgins
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center-New York, New York, USA
| | - Xu Huang
- Paul O'Gorman Leukemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mhairi Copland
- Paul O'Gorman Leukemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Karen Keeshan
- Paul O'Gorman Leukemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter D Adams
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA, USA.
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59
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FLT3 inhibition upregulates HDAC8 via FOXO to inactivate p53 and promote maintenance of FLT3-ITD+ acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2020; 135:1472-1483. [PMID: 32315388 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019003538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations within the FMS-like receptor tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) can be found in up to 25% to 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and confer a poor prognosis. Although FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown clinical responses, they cannot eliminate primitive FLT3-ITD+ AML cells, which are potential sources of relapse. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms underlying FLT3-ITD+ AML maintenance and drug resistance is essential to develop novel effective treatment strategies. Here, we demonstrate that FLT3 inhibition induces histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) upregulation through FOXO1- and FOXO3-mediated transactivation in FLT3-ITD+ AML cells. Upregulated HDAC8 deacetylates and inactivates p53, leading to leukemia maintenance and drug resistance upon TKI treatment. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of HDAC8 reactivates p53, abrogates leukemia maintenance, and significantly enhances TKI-mediated elimination of FLT3-ITD+ AML cells. Importantly, in FLT3-ITD+ AML patient-derived xenograft models, the combination of FLT3 TKI (AC220) and an HDAC8 inhibitor (22d) significantly inhibits leukemia progression and effectively reduces primitive FLT3-ITD+ AML cells. Moreover, we extend these findings to an AML subtype harboring another tyrosine kinase-activating mutation. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that HDAC8 upregulation is an important mechanism to resist TKIs and promote leukemia maintenance and suggests that combining HDAC8 inhibition with TKI treatment could be a promising strategy to treat FLT3-ITD+ AML and other tyrosine kinase mutation-harboring leukemias.
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60
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Single Cell Detection of the p53 Protein by Mass Cytometry. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123699. [PMID: 33317179 PMCID: PMC7764694 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Investigation of protein expression in cancer cells is an important part of the diagnostic process. Increasing knowledge about expression of different proteins has been exploited for prognostic assessments and in some cases also for selection of treatment. The p53 protein has proven important in development of various cancers, and the expression of this protein and its signaling pathway is therefore of interest when examining cancer patient samples. Here, we present mass cytometry as a tool for detection of p53 expression. Mass cytometry allows for measurement of up to 50 parameters per sample with single cell resolution, and we aim to demonstrate its potential for p53-focused research. Abstract Purpose: The p53 protein and its post-translational modifications are distinctly expressed in various normal cell types and malignant cells and are usually detected by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry in contemporary diagnostics. Here, we describe an approach for simultaneous multiparameter detection of p53, its post-translational modifications and p53 pathway-related signaling proteins in single cells using mass cytometry. Method: We conjugated p53-specific antibodies to metal tags for detection by mass cytometry, allowing the detection of proteins and their post-translational modifications in single cells. We provide an overview of the antibody validation process using relevant biological controls, including cell lines treated in vitro with a stimulus (irradiation) known to induce changes in the expression level of p53. Finally, we present the potential of the method through investigation of primary samples from leukemia patients with distinct TP53 mutational status. Results: The p53 protein can be detected in cell lines and in primary samples by mass cytometry. By combining antibodies for p53-related signaling proteins with a surface marker panel, we show that mass cytometry can be used to decipher the single cell p53 signaling pathway in heterogeneous patient samples. Conclusion: Single cell profiling by mass cytometry allows the investigation of the p53 functionality through examination of relevant downstream signaling proteins in normal and malignant cells. Our work illustrates a novel approach for single cell profiling of p53.
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61
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Yee K, Papayannidis C, Vey N, Dickinson MJ, Kelly KR, Assouline S, Kasner M, Seiter K, Drummond MW, Yoon SS, Lee JH, Blotner S, Jukofsky L, Pierceall WE, Zhi J, Simon S, Higgins B, Nichols G, Monnet A, Muehlbauer S, Ott M, Chen LC, Martinelli G. Murine double minute 2 inhibition alone or with cytarabine in acute myeloid leukemia: Results from an idasanutlin phase 1/1b study⋆. Leuk Res 2020; 100:106489. [PMID: 33302031 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2020.106489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis remains poor for patients with relapsed or refractory (r/r) acute myeloid leukemia; thus, novel therapies are needed. We evaluated idasanutlin-a new, potent murine double minute 2 antagonist-alone or with cytarabine in patients with r/r acute myeloid leukemia, de novo untreated acute myeloid leukemia unsuitable for standard treatment or with adverse features, or secondary acute myeloid leukemia in a multicenter, open-label, phase 1/1b trial. Primary objectives were to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended dose for expansion (RDE) and characterize the safety profile of idasanutlin monotherapy and combination therapy. Clinical activity and pharmacokinetics were secondary objectives. Two idasanutlin formulations were investigated: a microprecipitate bulk powder (MBP) and optimized spray-dried powder (SDP). Following dose escalation, patients (N = 122) received idasanutlin at the RDE in the extension cohorts. No formal MTD was identified. Idasanutlin was tolerable alone and in combination with cytarabine. The RDE was determined as 600 mg twice a day for the MBP formulation and 300 mg twice a day for the SDP formulation. Adverse events were mostly grade 1/2 (76.2 %). The most common any-grade adverse events were gastrointestinal (including diarrhea [90.2 %]). The early death rate across all patients was 14.8 %. Plasma idasanutlin exposure was dose related. In TP53 wild-type patients, composite complete remission rates were 18.9 % with monotherapy and 35.6 % with combination therapy. Based on these results, idasanutlin development continued with further investigation in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01773408.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Yee
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Cristina Papayannidis
- Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University Hospital S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Norbert Vey
- Department of Hematology, Aix-Marseille University, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Michael J Dickinson
- Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, and Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin R Kelly
- Division of Hematology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarit Assouline
- Division of Hematologic Oncology, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Margaret Kasner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Karen Seiter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Mark W Drummond
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hwan Lee
- Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Steven Blotner
- Translational Medicine-Oncology, Roche Innovation Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lori Jukofsky
- Translational Medicine-Oncology, Roche Innovation Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - William E Pierceall
- Translational Medicine-Oncology, Roche Innovation Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jianguo Zhi
- Clinical Pharmacology, Roche Innovation Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Silke Simon
- Clinical Pharmacology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brian Higgins
- Product Development Oncology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Gwen Nichols
- Translational Medicine-Oncology, Roche Innovation Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Annabelle Monnet
- Department of Biostatistics Oncology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Marion Ott
- Clinical Development Oncology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lin-Chi Chen
- Translational Medicine-Oncology, Roche Innovation Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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Wu B, Gan Y, Xu Y, Wu Z, Xu G, Wang P, Wang C, Meng Z, Li M, Zhang J, Zhuang H, Zhang X, Yang L, Li J, Gan X, Yu X, Huang W, Gu Y, Xu R. Identification of the novel Np17 oncogene in human leukemia. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23647-23667. [PMID: 33226963 PMCID: PMC7762455 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously defined the HERV-K Np9 as a viral oncogene. Here we report the discovery of a novel oncogene, Np17, which is homologous to the viral Np9 gene and predominantly present in Hominoidea. Np17 is located on chromosome 8, consists of 7 exons, and encodes a 16.8kDa nuclear protein with149 amino-acid residue. Functionally, knockdown of Np17 induced growth inhibition of leukemia cells, whereas enforced expression of Np17 promoted growth of leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. In human leukemia, Np17 was detected in 59.65% (34/57) of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients examined and associated with refractory/relapsed AML. Mechanistically, Np17 decreased p53 levels and its mechanism might be involved in recruiting nuclear MDM2 to p53 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. These findings reveal that Np17 is a novel oncogene associated with refractory/relapsed leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Wu
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yichao Gan
- Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zhaoxing Wu
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ganyu Xu
- College of Letters and Sciences, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Molecular Oncology Program and Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Program and Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Haifeng Zhuang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xuzhao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jinfan Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoxian Gan
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Xiaofang Yu
- Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wendong Huang
- Molecular Oncology Program and Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Rongzhen Xu
- Department of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Ku J, Kim R, Kim D, Kim D, Song S, Lee K, Lee N, Kim M, Yoon SS, Kwon NH, Kim S, Kim Y, Koh Y. Single-cell analysis of AIMP2 splice variants informs on drug sensitivity and prognosis in hematologic cancer. Commun Biol 2020; 3:630. [PMID: 33128014 PMCID: PMC7599330 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein 2 (AIMP2) is a non-enzymatic component required for the multi-tRNA synthetase complex. While exon 2 skipping alternatively spliced variant of AIMP2 (AIMP2-DX2) compromises AIMP2 activity and is associated with carcinogenesis, its clinical potential awaits further validation. Here, we found that AIMP2-DX2/AIMP2 expression ratio is strongly correlated with major cancer signaling pathways and poor prognosis, particularly in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Analysis of a clinical patient cohort revealed that AIMP2-DX2 positive AML patients show decreased overall survival and progression-free survival. We also developed targeted RNA-sequencing and single-molecule RNA-FISH tools to quantitatively analyze AIMP2-DX2/AIMP2 ratios at the single-cell level. By subclassifying hematologic cancer cells based on their AIMP2-DX2/AIMP2 ratios, we found that downregulating AIMP2-DX2 sensitizes cells to anticancer drugs only for a subgroup of cells while it has adverse effects on others. Collectively, our study establishes AIMP2-DX2 as a potential biomarker and a therapeutic target for hematologic cancer. Ku, Kim et al develop a method to analyse the ratio of the alternatively spliced variant of AIMP2 to full length AIMP via single-molecule RNA-FISH. They can subclassify hematologic cancer based on AIMP2-DX2/AIMP2 ratio and find that cells with high AIMP2-DX2 ratio can be sensitized to chemotherapy drugs by depleting AIMP2-DX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Ku
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryul Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchan Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeyoon Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keonyong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Namseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - MinA Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kwon
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngil Koh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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64
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Sill H, Zebisch A, Haase D. Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes with TP53 Aberrations - A Distinct Stem Cell Disorder. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5304-5309. [PMID: 32816950 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 exerts pivotal roles in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis. Mutations of the TP53 gene have recently been described in individuals with clonal hematopoiesis conferring substantial risk of developing blood cancers. In patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), TP53 aberrations-mutations, deletions, and a combination thereof-are encountered at a constant frequency of approximately 10%. These aberrations affect HSCs transforming them into preleukemic stem cells, pinpointing their central role in leukemogenesis. AML and MDS with TP53 aberrations are characterized by complex chromosomal aberrations. Respective patients experience a dismal long-term outcome following treatment with both intensive and nonintensive regimens including novel agents like venetoclax combinations or even allogeneic HSC transplantation. However, according to the 2016 WHO classification, AML and MDS with TP53 aberrations are still regarded as separate disease entities. On the basis of their common biological and clinical features, we propose to classify AML and MDS with TP53 aberrations as a single, distinct stem cell disorder with a unique genetic make-up, comparable with the WHO classification of "AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities." This approach will have implications for basic and translational research endeavors, aid in harmonization of current treatment strategies, and facilitate the development of master trials targeting a common deleterious driver event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Sill
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Armin Zebisch
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Otto-Loewi-Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Detlef Haase
- Clinics of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
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Bories P, Prade N, Lagarde S, Cabarrou B, Largeaud L, Plenecassagnes J, Luquet I, De Mas V, Filleron T, Cassou M, Sarry A, Fornecker LM, Simand C, Bertoli S, Recher C, Delabesse E. Impact of TP53 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia patients treated with azacitidine. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238795. [PMID: 33001991 PMCID: PMC7529302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomethylating agents are a classical frontline low-intensity therapy for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Recently, TP53 gene mutations have been described as a potential predictive biomarker of better outcome in patients treated with a ten-day decitabine regimen., However, functional characteristics of TP53 mutant are heterogeneous, as reflected in multiple functional TP53 classifications and their impact in patients treated with azacitidine is less clear. We analyzed the therapeutic course and outcome of 279 patients treated with azacitidine between 2007 and 2016, prospectively enrolled in our regional healthcare network. By screening 224 of them, we detected TP53 mutations in 55 patients (24.6%), including 53 patients (96.4%) harboring high-risk cytogenetics. The identification of any TP53 mutation was associated with worse overall survival but not with response to azacitidine in the whole cohort and in the subgroup of patients with adverse karyotype. Stratification of patients according to three recent validated functional classifications did not allow the identification of TP53 mutated patients who could benefit from azacitidine. Systematic TP53 mutant classification will deserve further exploration in the setting of patients treated with conventional therapy and in the emerging field of therapies targeting TP53 pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Azacitidine/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Female
- France/epidemiology
- Genes, p53
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Prognosis
- Prospective Studies
- Registries
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bories
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- Réseau Onco-occitanie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Naïs Prade
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Lagarde
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Bastien Cabarrou
- Unité de biostatistique, Institut Claudius Régaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Largeaud
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Plenecassagnes
- Unité de bioinformatique, Institut Claudius Régaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Luquet
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique De Mas
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Filleron
- Unité de biostatistique, Institut Claudius Régaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Manon Cassou
- Unité de bioinformatique, Institut Claudius Régaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Sarry
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Luc-Matthieu Fornecker
- Service d'Onco-Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Célestine Simand
- Service d'Onco-Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Bertoli
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Recher
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Delabesse
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
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Du W, Xu A, Huang Y, Cao J, Zhu H, Yang B, Shao X, He Q, Ying M. The role of autophagy in targeted therapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Autophagy 2020; 17:2665-2679. [PMID: 32917124 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1822628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although molecular targeted therapies have recently displayed therapeutic effects in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), limited response and acquired resistance remain common problems. Numerous studies have associated autophagy, an essential degradation process involved in the cellular response to stress, with the development and therapeutic response of cancers including AML. Thus, we review studies on the role of autophagy in AML development and summarize the linkage between autophagy and several recurrent genetic abnormalities in AML, highlighting the potential of capitalizing on autophagy modulation in targeted therapy for AML.Abbreviations: AML: acute myeloid leukemia; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; APL: acute promyelocytic leukemia; ATG: autophagy related; ATM: ATM serine/threonine kinase; ATO: arsenic trioxide; ATRA: all trans retinoic acid; BCL2: BCL2 apoptosis regulator; BECN1: beclin 1; BET proteins, bromodomain and extra-terminal domain family; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CQ: chloroquine; DNMT, DNA methyltransferase; DOT1L: DOT1 like histone lysine methyltransferase; FLT3: fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 3; FIS1: fission, mitochondrial 1; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; HSC: hematopoietic stem cell; IDH: isocitrate dehydrogenase; ITD: internal tandem duplication; KMT2A/MLL: lysine methyltransferase 2A; LSC: leukemia stem cell; MDS: myelodysplastic syndromes; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; NPM1: nucleophosmin 1; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PML: PML nuclear body scaffold; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; SAHA: vorinostat; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TET2: tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2; TKD: tyrosine kinase domain; TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitor; TP53/p53: tumor protein p53; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VPA: valproic acid; WDFY3/ALFY: WD repeat and FYVE domain containing 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Du
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aixiao Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Huang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Cao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejing Shao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meidan Ying
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) increases with age and occurs when a single mutant hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) contributes to a significant clonal proportion of mature blood lineages. Somatic mutations in the TP53 gene, which encodes the tumor suppressor protein p53, rank in the top five among genes that were mutated in CHIP. This review focuses on mechanisms by which mutant p53 promotes CHIP progression and drives the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies, including myelodysplastic syndromes, and acute myeloid leukemia. RECENT FINDINGS TP53 was frequently mutated in individuals with CHIP. Although clinical studies suggest that expansion of HSCs with TP53 mutations predisposes the elderly to hematological neoplasms, there is a significant gap in knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which TP53 mutations promote HSC expansion. Recent findings suggest that several cellular stressors, including hematopoietic transplantation, genotoxic stress, and inflammation, promote the expansion of HSCs with TP53 mutations. Further, TP53 mutations identified in CHIP cooperate with genetic and/or epigenetic changes in leukemogenesis. SUMMARY TP53 mutations identified in CHIP are associated with increased risks of de novo and therapy-related hematological neoplasms. Thus, targeting mutant p53 and related pathways holds great potential in preventing CHIP progression and treating hematological malignancies.
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Guo C, Gao YY, Ju QQ, Zhang CX, Gong M, Li ZL. LINC00649 underexpression is an adverse prognostic marker in acute myeloid leukemia. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:841. [PMID: 32883226 PMCID: PMC7469387 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) play a role in leukemogenesis, maintenance, development, and therapeutic resistance of AML. While few studies have focused on the prognostic significance of LINC00649 in AML, which we aim to investigate in this present study. METHODS We compared the expression level of LINC00649 between AML patients and healthy controls. The Kaplan-Meier curves of AML patients expressing high versus low level of LINC00649 was performed. The LINC00649 correlated genes/miRNAs/lncRNAs and methylation CpG sites were screened by Pearson correlation analysis with R (version 3.6.0), using TCGA-LAML database. The LINC00649 associated ceRNA network was established using lncBase 2.0 and miRWalk 2.0 online tools, combining results from correlation analysis. Finally, a prediction model was constructed using LASSO-Cox regression. RESULTS LINC00649 was underexpressed in bone marrow of AML group than that in healthy control group. The patients of LINC00649-low group have significantly inferior PFS and OS. A total of 154 mRNAs, 31 miRNAs, 28 lncRNAs and 1590 methylated CpG sites were identified to be significantly correlated with LINC00649. Furthermore, the network of ceRNA was established with 6 miRNAs and 122 mRNAs. The Lasso-Cox model fitted OS/PFS to novel prediction models, which integrated clinical factors, ELN risk stratification, mRNA/miRNA expression and methylation profiles. The analysis of time-dependent ROC for our model showed a superior AUC (AUC = 0.916 at 1 year, AUC = 0.916 at 3 years, and AUC = 0.891 at 5 years). CONCLUSIONS Low expression of LINC00649 is a potential unfavorable prognostic marker for AML patients, which requires the further validation. The analysis by LASSO-COX regression identified a novel comprehensive model with a superior diagnostic utility, which integrated clinical and genetic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Guo
- Department of Hematology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Street, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Yue Gao
- Department of Hematology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Street, Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Qian Ju
- Department of Hematology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Street, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Xia Zhang
- Department of Hematology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Street, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Gong
- Department of Hematology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Street, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Ling Li
- Department of Hematology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Street, Beijing, China.
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Gao L, Saeed A, Golem S, Zhang D, Woodroof J, McGuirk J, Ganguly S, Abhyankar S, Lin TL, Cui W. High-level MYC expression associates with poor survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and collaborates with overexpressed p53 in leukemic transformation in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Int J Lab Hematol 2020; 43:99-109. [PMID: 32812335 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with mutated and overexpressed p53 have an aggressive course in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Studies on the impact of MYC expression in AML are limited. This is the first study to evaluate MYC expression and p53 status in AML and MDS. METHODS We identified 214 patients, 101 AML, 79 MDS, and 34 negative control patients. We retrospectively assessed p53 and MYC expression by immunohistochemistry and correlated MYC expression with p53 expression and aberrational status of TP53. RESULTS The level of both p53 and MYC expression was significantly higher in AML (mean: 9.7%; 12.1%) and MDS (mean: 5.2%; 5.5%) patients compared with control cases (mean: 0.18%; 2.3%; P = .001-0.02). p53 and MYC expression levels were even more elevated in AML when compared to MDS patients (P < .001). MYC expression was significantly associated with p53 expression and TP53 aberration in AML patients but not in MDS patients (P < .001). p53 expression and >20% MYC expression showed an adverse impact on overall survival (OS) (P < .05) in AML patients while p53 but not MYC expression showed an adverse impact on OS in MDS patients. MYC and p53 dual expression, as well as combined MYC expression and TP53 aberration, showed negative impact on OS in AML patients. MDS patients with leukemic transformation revealed an interval increase in expression of both p53 and MYC. CONCLUSION High-level MYC expression associates with p53 abnormality and poor survival in AML. MYC may provide proliferative advantage for leukemic progression in p53 dependent and independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Azhar Saeed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Shivani Golem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Da Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Janet Woodroof
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Joseph McGuirk
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Siddhartha Ganguly
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sunil Abhyankar
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Tara L Lin
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Chen XX, Li ZP, Zhu JH, Xia HT, Zhou H. Systematic Analysis of Autophagy-Related Signature Uncovers Prognostic Predictor for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1595-1605. [PMID: 32783661 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a highly conserved cellular protein degradation process, has been involved in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The present study aims to establish a novel, autophagy-related prognostic signature for prediction of AML prognosis. Differentially expressed autophagy-related genes in AML and healthy samples were screened using GSE1159. Univariate Cox regression analysis was applied to determine survival-associated autophagy-related genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) AML cohort. Lasso regression was performed to develop multiple-gene prognostic signatures. A novel six-gene signature (including CASP3, CHAF1B, KLHL24, OPTN, VEGFA, and VPS37C) DC was established for AML prognosis prediction. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients in the high-risk score group had poorer overall survival (OS). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve validated its good performance in survival prediction in TCGA AML cohort, and the area under the curve value was 0.817. Moreover, our signature could independently predict OS. A nomogram was constructed, including the six-gene signature and other clinical parameters, and predictive efficiency was confirmed using the ROC curve and calibration curve. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analyses identified several tumor-associated pathways that may contribute to explain the potential molecular mechanisms of our signature. Overall, we developed a new autophagy-associated gene signature and nomogram to predict OS of AML patients, which may help in clinical decision-making for AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Xing Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Ping Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Tao Xia
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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71
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Napolitano R, De Matteis S, Carloni S, Bruno S, Abbati G, Capelli L, Ghetti M, Bochicchio MT, Liverani C, Mercatali L, Calistri D, Cuneo A, Menon K, Musuraca G, Martinelli G, Simonetti G. Kevetrin induces apoptosis in TP53 wild‑type and mutant acute myeloid leukemia cells. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1561-1573. [PMID: 32945487 PMCID: PMC7448420 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor protein p53 is a key regulator of several cellular pathways, including DNA repair, cell cycle and angiogenesis. Kevetrin exhibits p53-dependent as well as-independent activity in solid tumors, while its effects on leukemic cells remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to analyze the response of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines (TP53 wild-type: OCI-AML3 and MOLM-13; and TP53-mutant: KASUMI-1 and NOMO-1) to kevetrin at a concentration range of 85–340 µM. The cellular and molecular effects of the treatment were analyzed in terms of cell growth, viability [Annexin V-propidium iodide (PI) staining] and cell cycle alterations (PI staining). Gene expression profiling, western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to elucidate the pathways underlying kevetrin activity. Pulsed exposure exerted no effect on the wild-type cells, but was effective on mutant cells. After continuous treatment, significant cell growth arrest and apoptosis were observed in all cell lines, with TP53-mutant models displaying a higher sensitivity and p53 induction. Kevetrin also displayed efficacy against TP53 wild-type and mutant primary AML, with a preferential cytotoxic activity against blast cells. Gene expression profiling revealed a common core transcriptional program altered by drug exposure and the downregulation of glycolysis, DNA repair and unfolded protein response signatures. These findings suggest that kevetrin may be a promising therapeutic option for patients with both wild-type and TP53-mutant AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Napolitano
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, I‑47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Serena De Matteis
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, I‑47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Silvia Carloni
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, I‑47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Samantha Bruno
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology 'L. e A. Seràgnoli', I‑40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Abbati
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, I‑47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Laura Capelli
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, I‑47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Martina Ghetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, I‑47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bochicchio
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, I‑47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Liverani
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, I‑47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Laura Mercatali
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, I‑47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Daniele Calistri
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, I‑47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Antonio Cuneo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara‑Arcispedale Sant'Anna, I‑44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Gerardo Musuraca
- Hematology Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, I‑47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology 'L. e A. Seràgnoli', I‑40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, I‑47014 Meldola, Italy
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72
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Mendes A, Jühlen R, Bousbata S, Fahrenkrog B. Disclosing the Interactome of Leukemogenic NUP98-HOXA9 and SET-NUP214 Fusion Proteins Using a Proteomic Approach. Cells 2020; 9:E1666. [PMID: 32664447 PMCID: PMC7407662 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of oncogenes with cellular proteins is a major determinant of cellular transformation. The NUP98-HOXA9 and SET-NUP214 chimeras result from recurrent chromosomal translocations in acute leukemia. Functionally, the two fusion proteins inhibit nuclear export and interact with epigenetic regulators. The full interactome of NUP98-HOXA9 and SET-NUP214 is currently unknown. We used proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) to study the landscape of the NUP98-HOXA9 and SET-NUP214 environments. Our results suggest that both fusion proteins interact with major regulators of RNA processing, with translation-associated proteins, and that both chimeras perturb the transcriptional program of the tumor suppressor p53. Other cellular processes appear to be distinctively affected by the particular fusion protein. NUP98-HOXA9 likely perturbs Wnt, MAPK, and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathways, as well as the cytoskeleton, the latter likely due to its interaction with the nuclear export receptor CRM1. Conversely, mitochondrial proteins and metabolic regulators are significantly overrepresented in the SET-NUP214 proximal interactome. Our study provides new clues on the mechanistic actions of nucleoporin fusion proteins and might be of particular relevance in the search for new druggable targets for the treatment of nucleoporin-related leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélia Mendes
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium; (R.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Ramona Jühlen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium; (R.J.); (S.B.)
- Present address: Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Bousbata
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium; (R.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Birthe Fahrenkrog
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium; (R.J.); (S.B.)
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73
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Kirtonia A, Pandya G, Sethi G, Pandey AK, Das BC, Garg M. A comprehensive review of genetic alterations and molecular targeted therapies for the implementation of personalized medicine in acute myeloid leukemia. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1069-1091. [PMID: 32620999 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an extremely heterogeneous disease defined by the clonal growth of myeloblasts/promyelocytes not only in the bone marrow but also in peripheral blood and/or tissues. Gene mutations and chromosomal abnormalities are usually associated with aberrant proliferation and/or block in the normal differentiation of hematopoietic cells. So far, the combination of cytogenetic profiling and molecular and gene mutation analyses remains an essential tool for the classification, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment for AML. This review gives an overview on how the development of novel innovative technologies has allowed us not only to detect the genetic alterations as early as possible but also to understand the molecular pathogenesis of AML to develop novel targeted therapies. We also discuss the remarkable advances made during the last decade to understand the AML genome both at primary and relapse diseases and how genetic alterations might influence the distinct biological groups as well as the clonal evolution of disease during the diagnosis and relapse. Also, the review focuses on how the persistence of epigenetic gene mutations during morphological remission is associated with relapse. It is suggested that along with the prognostic and therapeutic mutations, the novel molecular targeted therapies either approved by FDA or those under clinical trials including CART-cell therapy would be of immense importance in the effective management of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Kirtonia
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Gouri Pandya
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122413, India
| | - Bhudev C Das
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
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74
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Yan B, Claxton D, Huang S, Qiu Y. AML chemoresistance: The role of mutant TP53 subclonal expansion and therapy strategy. Exp Hematol 2020; 87:13-19. [PMID: 32569759 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous clonal disease characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of myeloid blast cells in the bone marrow, which eventually lead to hematopoietic failure. Chemoresistance presents as a major burden for therapy of AML patients. p53 is the most important tumor suppressor protein that regulates cellular response to various stress. It is also important for hematopoietic stem cell development and hematopoiesis. Mutation or deletion of TP53 has been found to be linked to cancer progression, therapy-related resistance, and poor prognosis. TP53 mutation occurs in less than 10% of AML patients; however, it represents a subset of AML with therapy resistance and poor outcome. In addition, there is a subgroup of patients with low-frequency TP53 mutations. The percentage ranges from 1% to 3% of all AML patients. These patients have outcomes comparable to those of the high-frequency TP53 mutation patients. TP53-mutated clones isolated from the parental cells exhibit a survival advantage under drug treatment compared with cells with wild-type TP53, and have a higher population of leukemia stem cell (LSC) marker-positive cells, a characteristic of chemo-resistant cells. Therefore, low-frequency TP53 mutation, which is currently underappreciated, is an important prognosis factor for AML patients. Epigenetic drugs, such as hypomethylating agent and histone deacetylase inhibitors, have been found effective in targeting TP53-mutated AML. Histone deacetylase inhibitors can preferentially target the TP53-mutated subpopulation by reactivating p53-targeted genes and by eradicating LSC marker-positive cells. Therefore, combined treatment with epigenetic drugs may represent a new therapeutic strategy for treatments of TP53-mutated AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA
| | - David Claxton
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA; Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA
| | - Suming Huang
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA; Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA
| | - Yi Qiu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA; Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA.
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75
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Chen XX, Zhu JH, Li ZP, Xiao HT, Zhou H. Comprehensive Characterization of the Prognosis Value of Alternative Splicing Events in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1243-1255. [PMID: 32543226 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence have demonstrated that dysregulated alternative splicing (AS) events promoted tumor development and was correlated with worse prognosis in the context of certain malignancies. Nevertheless, a comprehensive examination of the prognosis role of AS events in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not yet been illuminated. In this study, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to identify survival-related AS events and independent prognostic predictors. The interaction between splicing factors (SFs) and AS events was visualized by Cytoscape. A total of 3013 survival-associated AS events in 1977 genes were screened in 151 AML patients. Interestingly, the majority (2031 events) were revealed to be protective factors. Furthermore, the prediction models were constructed for each type of AS and all of them displayed good performance in predicting prognosis, considering their area under curve values of the receiver operating characteristic were all above 0.7. Notably, the splicing regulatory network displayed the underlying interaction networks between SFs and AS events. Taken together, our study demonstrated the survival-related AS events in AML and uncovered the possible association between SFs and prognostic AS events, which provide new prognostic biomarkers and aid to develop novel targets for AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Xing Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Ping Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Tao Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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76
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Anifowose A, Agbowuro AA, Tripathi R, Lu W, Tan C, Yang X, Wang B. Inducing Apoptosis through Upregulation of p53: Structure-Activity Exploration of Anthraquinone Analogs. Med Chem Res 2020; 29:1199-1210. [PMID: 32719577 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a series of p53-elevating anthraquinone compounds with considerable cytotoxicity for acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL) cells. To further develop this class of compounds, we examined the effect of a few key structural features on the anticancer structure-activity relationship in ALL cells. The active analogs showed comparable cytotoxicity and upregulation of p53 but did not induce significant downregulation of MDM2 as seen with the lead compound AQ-101, indicating the importance of the anthraquinone core scaffold for MDM2 regulation. The result from the current study not only contributes to the SAR framework of these anthraquinone derivatives but also opens up new chemical space for further optimization work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun Anifowose
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Ayodeji A Agbowuro
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Ravi Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Chalet Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Petit Science Center, 100 Piedmont Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
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77
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Tumor protein 53 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia: conventional induction chemotherapy or novel therapeutics. Curr Opin Hematol 2020; 27:66-75. [PMID: 31922971 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tumor protein 53 (TP53) protein is involved in fundamental processes of cancer, aging, and DNA repair. Thus, TP53 dysfunction is implicated in malignant processes and remains the most commonly mutated gene in cancer but represents a relatively small proportion in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients with TP53-mutated AML attain inferior responses to therapy resulting in poor overall outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Traditional treatment approaches with conventional chemotherapy yields suboptimal responses for patients with TP53 mutant AML compared with wildtype TP53. In recent years, there is increasing interest in understanding the role and underlying biology of TP53 mutations in AML with efforts to harness the physiological tumor suppressive function of TP53 protein. Novel combination and targeted therapies may contribute to improved outcomes; however, responses to therapy may be short-lived and ongoing research is indicated to evaluate relapse-risk reduction strategies. These patients may benefit from consideration of enrollment in clinical trials or lower intensity therapy approaches in lieu of intensive chemotherapy. SUMMARY Pharmacological treatments targeting the TP53 pathway in addition to novel emerging therapeutics and immunotherapy-based approaches hold promise for treatment of TP53 mutant AML.
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78
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Green SD, Konig H. Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Era of Genomics-Achievements and Persisting Challenges. Front Genet 2020; 11:480. [PMID: 32536937 PMCID: PMC7267060 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents a malignant disorder of the hematopoietic system that is mainly characterized by rapid proliferation, dysregulated apoptosis, and impaired differentiation of leukemic blasts. For several decades, the diagnostic approach in AML was largely based on histologic characteristics with little impact on the treatment decision-making process. This perspective has drastically changed within the past years due to the advent of novel molecular technologies, such as whole genome next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the resulting knowledge gain in AML biology and pathogenesis. After more than four decades of intensive chemotherapy as a "one-size-fits-all" concept, several targeted agents have recently been approved for the treatment of AML, either as single agents or as part of combined treatment regimens. Several other compounds, directed against regulators of apoptotic, epigenetic, or microenvironmental pathways, as well as modulators of the immune system, are currently in development and being investigated in clinical trials. The constant progress in AML research has started to produce improved survival rates and fueled hopes that a once rapidly fatal disease can be transformed into a chronic condition. In this review, the authors provide a summary of recent advances in the development of targeted AML therapies and discuss persistent challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heiko Konig
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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79
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Bewersdorf JP, Shallis RM, Gowda L, Wei W, Hager K, Isufi I, Kim TK, Pillai MM, Seropian S, Podoltsev NA, Gore SD, Siddon AJ, Zeidan AM. Clinical outcomes and characteristics of patients with TP53-mutated acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes: a single center experience. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:2180-2190. [PMID: 32362171 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1759051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 are detected in 5-10% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes. TP53 mutations have been associated with complex karyotypes, therapy-related malignancies, lower response rates to cytotoxic chemotherapy, and an overall adverse prognosis. In this single-center retrospective study, we analyzed the clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes of 83 patients with TP53-mutated myeloid malignancies treated at Yale Cancer Center between 9/2015 and 5/2019. Complex karyotypes (n = 75; 90%) and therapy-related malignancies (n = 32; 39%) were common. Median overall survival (OS) was 7.6 months. Intensive chemotherapy did not improve OS compared to lower-intensity treatment for AML patients. Patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT) had a significantly longer median OS, despite relatively limited follow-up. In conclusion, our data confirm the limited efficacy of intensive chemotherapy approaches for TP53-mutated patients with myeloid neoplasms and suggest that a minority of patients achieve long-term survival with alloHSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philipp Bewersdorf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rory M Shallis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lohith Gowda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Karl Hager
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Iris Isufi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tae Kon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manoj M Pillai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stuart Seropian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nikolai A Podoltsev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven D Gore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexa J Siddon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pathology, Section of Hematopathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amer M Zeidan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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80
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Corbali MO, Eskazan AE. Idasanutlin as a new treatment option in improving the therapeutic odyssey of relapsed/refractory AML. Future Oncol 2020; 16:887-889. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmet Emre Eskazan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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81
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Panuzzo C, Signorino E, Calabrese C, Ali MS, Petiti J, Bracco E, Cilloni D. Landscape of Tumor Suppressor Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030802. [PMID: 32188030 PMCID: PMC7141302 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia is mainly characterized by a complex and dynamic genomic instability. Next-generation sequencing has significantly improved the ability of diagnostic research to molecularly characterize and stratify patients. This detailed outcome allowed the discovery of new therapeutic targets and predictive biomarkers, which led to develop novel compounds (e.g., IDH 1 and 2 inhibitors), nowadays commonly used for the treatment of adult relapsed or refractory AML. In this review we summarize the most relevant mutations affecting tumor suppressor genes that contribute to the onset and progression of AML pathology. Epigenetic modifications (TET2, IDH1 and IDH2, DNMT3A, ASXL1, WT1, EZH2), DNA repair dysregulation (TP53, NPM1), cell cycle inhibition and deficiency in differentiation (NPM1, CEBPA, TP53 and GATA2) as a consequence of somatic mutations come out as key elements in acute myeloid leukemia and may contribute to relapse and resistance to therapies. Moreover, spliceosomal machinery mutations identified in the last years, even if in a small cohort of acute myeloid leukemia patients, suggested a new opportunity to exploit therapeutically. Targeting these cellular markers will be the main challenge in the near future in an attempt to eradicate leukemia stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Panuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (E.S.); (C.C.); (M.S.A.); (J.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Signorino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (E.S.); (C.C.); (M.S.A.); (J.P.)
| | - Chiara Calabrese
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (E.S.); (C.C.); (M.S.A.); (J.P.)
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Ali
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (E.S.); (C.C.); (M.S.A.); (J.P.)
| | - Jessica Petiti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (E.S.); (C.C.); (M.S.A.); (J.P.)
| | - Enrico Bracco
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (C.P.); (E.S.); (C.C.); (M.S.A.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-9026610; Fax: +39-011-9038636
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82
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Yan B, Chen Q, Xu J, Li W, Xu B, Qiu Y. Low-frequency TP53 hotspot mutation contributes to chemoresistance through clonal expansion in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2020; 34:1816-1827. [PMID: 31988438 PMCID: PMC7597970 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0710-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
TP53 mutations (TP53mut) in AML patients associate with poor prognosis that may affect therapy and outcome. In addition to TP53 mut patients, TCGA AML patient sequencing data show that there are around 3% of patients have detectable low-frequency TP53mut reads. Importantly, these patients showed worse outcome as compared with the TP53 wild type (TP53wt) patients. We have studied the effect of low-frequency TP53mut in two AML cell lines, OCI-AML2 and MV4-11. Both cells have low-frequency single hotspot TP53mut. Interestingly, the resistant cells derived from both lines have homogeneous TP53mut. TP53mut clones isolated from the parental cells also show increased chemoresistance potential and have higher population of leukemia stem cell (LSC) maker positive cells, a characteristic of chemoresistant cells. When mixed with TP53wt cells, the TP53mut cells show survival advantage suggesting its potential to develop chemoresistance. We previously showed that histone deacetylase inhibitor Romidepsin can re-sensitize chemoresistant cells by eradicating LSC marker positive cells. Here we further show that Romidepsin can reactivate p53 targeted genes which are dysregulated in TP53mut cells and preferentially targets TP53mut subpopulation. Therefore, our study shows that low-frequency TP53mut is linked to chemoresistance and sheds light on therapeutic strategies for treatments on chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Qinwei Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Yi Qiu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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83
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Kobayashi A, Waku T. New addiction to the NRF2-related factor NRF3 in cancer cells: Ubiquitin-independent proteolysis through the 20S proteasome. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:6-14. [PMID: 31742837 PMCID: PMC6942428 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has revealed that human cancers develop by sequentially mutating pivotal genes, including driver genes, and acquiring cancer hallmarks. For instance, cancer cells are addicted to the transcription factor NRF2 (NFE2L2), which is a driver gene that utilizes the cellular cytoprotection system against oxidative stress and metabolic pathway reprogramming for sustaining high growth. Our group has recently discovered a new addiction to the NRF2-related factor NRF3 (NFE2L3) in cancer. For many years, the physiological function of NRF3 remained obscure, in part because Nrf3-deficient mice do not show apparent abnormalities. Nevertheless, human cancer genome databases suggest critical roles of NRF3 in cancer because of high NRF3 mRNA induction in several cancer types, such as colorectal cancer and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, with a poor prognosis. We found that NRF3 promotes tumor growth and malignancy by activating ubiquitin-independent 20S proteasome assembly through inducing the expression of the proteasome maturation protein (POMP) chaperone and thereby degrading the tumor suppressors p53 and Rb. The NRF3-POMP-20S proteasome axis has an entirely different effect on cancer than NRF2. In this review, we describe recent research advances regarding the new cancer effector NRF3, including unclarified ubiquitin-independent proteolysis by the NRF3-POMP-20S proteasome axis. The expected development of cancer therapeutic interventions for this axis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Genetic CodeGraduate School of Life and Medical SciencesDoshisha UniversityKyotanabeJapan
- Department of Life and Medical SciencesDoshisha UniversityKyotanabeJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Waku
- Department of Life and Medical SciencesDoshisha UniversityKyotanabeJapan
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84
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Chen S, Wang Q, Yu H, Capitano ML, Vemula S, Nabinger SC, Gao R, Yao C, Kobayashi M, Geng Z, Fahey A, Henley D, Liu SZ, Barajas S, Cai W, Wolf ER, Ramdas B, Cai Z, Gao H, Luo N, Sun Y, Wong TN, Link DC, Liu Y, Boswell HS, Mayo LD, Huang G, Kapur R, Yoder MC, Broxmeyer HE, Gao Z, Liu Y. Mutant p53 drives clonal hematopoiesis through modulating epigenetic pathway. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5649. [PMID: 31827082 PMCID: PMC6906427 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) increases with age and is associated with increased risks of hematological malignancies. While TP53 mutations have been identified in CHIP, the molecular mechanisms by which mutant p53 promotes hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) expansion are largely unknown. Here we discover that mutant p53 confers a competitive advantage to HSPCs following transplantation and promotes HSPC expansion after radiation-induced stress. Mechanistically, mutant p53 interacts with EZH2 and enhances its association with the chromatin, thereby increasing the levels of H3K27me3 in genes regulating HSPC self-renewal and differentiation. Furthermore, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 decreases the repopulating potential of p53 mutant HSPCs. Thus, we uncover an epigenetic mechanism by which mutant p53 drives clonal hematopoiesis. Our work will likely establish epigenetic regulator EZH2 as a novel therapeutic target for preventing CHIP progression and treating hematological malignancies with TP53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Maegan L Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sasidhar Vemula
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sarah C Nabinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Chonghua Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Michihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Zhuangzhuang Geng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Aidan Fahey
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Danielle Henley
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Stephen Z Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sergio Barajas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Wenjie Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Eric R Wolf
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Baskar Ramdas
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Zhigang Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Na Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Terrence N Wong
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Daniel C Link
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - H Scott Boswell
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Lindsey D Mayo
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Gang Huang
- Division of Pathology and Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Zhonghua Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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85
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Zhang Y, Hu XX, Gao L, Ni X, Chen J, Chen L, Zhang WP, Yang JM, Wang JM. [Clinical and prognostic values of TP53 mutation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2019; 40:932-938. [PMID: 31856443 PMCID: PMC7342383 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the clinical and prognostic values of TP53 gene mutation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) . Methods: A retrospective analysis of 265 newly diagnosed AML patients with next-generation sequencing (NGS) data in the Hematology Department of Changhai Hospital from January 2010 to January 2019 was performed. Mutation analysis was carried out by targeted sequencing technology including 200 hematological malignancy related genes. The association of TP53 mutation with clinical features was analyzed. Results: Alterations in TP53 were found in 20 (7.5%) patients, including 17 case (6.4%) of missense mutations, 2 cases (0.7%) of frame-shift deletion mutations and 1 case (0.4%) of splicing sites mutation. A total of 23 kinds of TP53 mutations were detected, most of them (16, 69.6%) were located in the DNA binding domain of exon 5-8, 4 in the DNA binding domain of exon 3-4, 2 in exon 10 and 1 in splice site, respectively. The median age of patients with TP53 alterations was higher than those without [52 (26-72) years old vs 45 (14-75) years old, P= 0.008]. The frequency of complex karyotypes was higher in patients with TP53 alterations than those without [45.0% (9/20) vs 6.1% (15/245) , P<0.001]. Median overall survival (OS) of patients with TP53 alterations was shorter than those without[14.1 (95%CI 6.78-21.42) months vs 31.4 (95%CI 13.20-49.59) months, P=0.029]. The OS of patients treated with "Decitabine + CAG" was superior than that of patients treated with "3 + 7" regimen [30.0 (95%CI 27.35-38.84) months vs 12.5 (95%CI 5.80-19.19) months, P=0.018]. Multivariate analysis indicated that TP53, DNMT3A and USH2A alterations, WBC ≥ 12.45×10(9)/L had negative impacts on OS. Conclusion: The frequency of TP53 mutation was 7.5% in our cohort. Most mutations were located in the DNA binding domain. TP53 alterations were strongly associated with older age, complex karyotype and shorter OS. Decitabine-based induction chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may improve OS, more cases and/or multicenter randomized studies are needed for further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University; Institute of Hematology, PLA, Shanghai 200433, China
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86
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Leung RKC, Leung HC, Leung AYH. Diverse pathogenetic roles of SOX genes in acute myeloid leukaemia and their therapeutic implications. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 67:24-29. [PMID: 31698089 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of diseases with diverse pathogenetic pathways. When treated uniformly with conventional chemotherapy and allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), it showed variable clinical outcome and prognosis. Members of the SOX [Sry-related high-mobility group (HMG) box] gene family are involved in diverse embryonic and oncogenic processes. The roles of SOX genes in AML are not entirely clear but emerging evidence, including that arising from studies in solid-cancers, showed that SOX genes can function as tumour suppressors or oncogenes and may be involved in key pathogenetic pathways in AML involving C/EBPα mutations, activation of β-catenin/Wnt and Hedgehog pathways and aberrant TP53 signals. Recent data based on genomics and proteomics have identified key interactions between SOX genes and partnering proteins of pathogenetic significance. The observations illustrated the principles and feasibilities of developing lead molecules of potential therapeutic values. Studying the diverse pathogenetic roles of SOX genes in AML may shed lights to the heterogeneity of AML and generate information that can be translated into novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K C Leung
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ho Ching Leung
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Anskar Y H Leung
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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87
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Weng W, Zhang P, Ruan J, Zhang Y, Ba D, Tang Y. Prognostic significance of the tumor suppressor protein p53 gene in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:549-556. [PMID: 31897170 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 (TP53) gene is associated with various types of cancer; however, little is known about TP53 expression in patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of TP53 expression in childhood ALL. To achieve this, TP53 mRNA levels of 146 children with ALL and 23 child donors with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The results demonstrated that TP53 mRNA level in patients with ALL was higher compared with that in the ITP donors (P=0.019). Patients with highly-expressed TP53 exhibited lower percentages of peripheral blood blast, higher platelet counts and inferior complete remission rates compared with patients with low expression of TP53. Survival analyses revealed that high TP53 expression was associated with poor OS and RFS in childhood ALL (P=0.018 and P=0.028, respectively) and was an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis for poor RFS (P<0.001) and OS (P<0.001). In conclusion, high TP53 expression is associated with poor outcomes and may be used as a molecular prognostic marker to be incorporated into an improved risk classification system for childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Weng
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jinfei Ruan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Diandian Ba
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yongmin Tang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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88
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Mendez LM, Posey RR, Pandolfi PP. The Interplay Between the Genetic and Immune Landscapes of AML: Mechanisms and Implications for Risk Stratification and Therapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1162. [PMID: 31781488 PMCID: PMC6856667 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AML holds a unique place in the history of immunotherapy by virtue of being among the first malignancies in which durable remissions were achieved with "adoptive immunotherapy," now known as allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The successful deployment of unselected adoptive cell therapy established AML as a disease responsive to immunomodulation. Classification systems for AML have been refined and expanded over the years in an effort to capture the variability of this heterogeneous disease and risk-stratify patients. Current systems increasingly incorporate information about cytogenetic alterations and genetic mutations. The advent of next generation sequencing technology has enabled the comprehensive identification of recurrent genetic mutations, many with predictive power. Recurrent genetic mutations found in AML have been intensely studied from a cell intrinsic perspective leading to the genesis of multiple, recently approved targeted therapies including IDH1/2-mutant inhibitors and FLT3-ITD/-TKD inhibitors. However, there is a paucity of data on the effects of these targeted agents on the leukemia microenvironment, including the immune system. Recently, the phenomenal success of checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells has re-ignited interest in understanding the mechanisms leading to immune dysregulation and suppression in leukemia, with the objective of harnessing the power of the immune system via novel immunotherapeutics. A paradigm has emerged that places crosstalk with the immune system at the crux of any effective therapy. Ongoing research will reveal how AML genetics inform the composition of the immune microenvironment paving the way for personalized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes M. Mendez
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ryan R. Posey
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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89
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Cucchi DGJ, Bachas C, Klein K, Huttenhuis S, Zwaan CM, Ossenkoppele GJ, Janssen JMWM, Kaspers GL, Cloos J. TP53 mutations and relevance of expression of TP53 pathway genes in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2019; 188:736-739. [PMID: 31588562 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Limited data are available on the incidence and impact of TP53 alterations and TP53 pathway deregulation in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We analysed TP53 alterations in bone marrow samples of 229 patients with de novo paediatric AML, and detected heterozygous missense exon mutations in two patients (1%) and 17p deletions of the TP53 gene in four patients (2%). These patients more frequently had complex karyotype (50% vs. 4%, P = 0·002) or adverse cytogenetic abnormalities, including complex karyotype (67% vs. 17%, P = 0·013), compared to TP53 wild-type. Differential expression of TP53 pathway genes was associated with poor survival, indicating a role for TP53 regulators and effector genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G J Cucchi
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Haematology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Costa Bachas
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Haematology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Klein
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Huttenhuis
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian M Zwaan
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Centre for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J Ossenkoppele
- Department of Haematology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen M W M Janssen
- Department of Haematology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan L Kaspers
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Centre for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Haematology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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90
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Kazi JU, Rönnstrand L. FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase 3/FLT3: From Basic Science to Clinical Implications. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1433-1466. [PMID: 31066629 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is expressed almost exclusively in the hematopoietic compartment. Its ligand, FLT3 ligand (FL), induces dimerization and activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. Activation of FLT3 leads to its autophosphorylation and initiation of several signal transduction cascades. Signaling is initiated by the recruitment of signal transduction molecules to activated FLT3 through binding to specific phosphorylated tyrosine residues in the intracellular region of FLT3. Activation of FLT3 mediates cell survival, cell proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. It acts in synergy with several other cytokines to promote its biological effects. Deregulated FLT3 activity has been implicated in several diseases, most prominently in acute myeloid leukemia where around one-third of patients carry an activating mutant of FLT3 which drives the disease and is correlated with poor prognosis. Overactivity of FLT3 has also been implicated in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. The observation that gain-of-function mutations of FLT3 can promote leukemogenesis has stimulated the development of inhibitors that target this receptor. Many of these are in clinical trials, and some have been approved for clinical use. However, problems with acquired resistance to these inhibitors are common and, furthermore, only a fraction of patients respond to these selective treatments. This review provides a summary of our current knowledge regarding structural and functional aspects of FLT3 signaling, both under normal and pathological conditions, and discusses challenges for the future regarding the use of targeted inhibition of these pathways for the treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; and Division of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , Lund , Sweden ; and Division of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
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91
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Barbosa K, Li S, Adams PD, Deshpande AJ. The role of TP53 in acute myeloid leukemia: Challenges and opportunities. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:875-888. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Barbosa
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute La Jolla California
| | - Sha Li
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute La Jolla California
| | - Peter D. Adams
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute La Jolla California
| | - Aniruddha J. Deshpande
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute La Jolla California
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92
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Brattås MK, Reikvam H, Tvedt THA, Bruserud Ø. Precision medicine for TP53-mutated acute myeloid leukemia. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2019.1644164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Section for Hematology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Section for Hematology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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93
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Reduced Expression of Sprouty1 Contributes to the Aberrant Proliferation and Impaired Apoptosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8070972. [PMID: 31277439 PMCID: PMC6678378 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In most of the acute myeloid leukemia patients there is an aberrant tyrosine kinase activity. The prototype of Sprouty proteins was originally identified in Drosophila melanogaster as antagonists of Breathless, the mammalian ortholog of fibroblast growth factor receptor. Usually, SPRY family members are inhibitors of RAS signaling induced by tyrosine kinases receptors and they are implicated in negative feedback processes regulating several intracellular pathways. The present study aims to investigate the role of a member of the Sprouty family, Sprouty1, as a regulator of cell proliferation and growth in patients affected by acute myeloid leukemia. Sprouty1 mRNA and protein were both significantly down-regulated in acute myeloid leukemia cells compared to the normal counterpart, but they were restored when remission is achieved after chemotherapy. Ectopic expression of Sprouty1 revealed that it plays a key role in the proliferation and apoptotic defect that represent a landmark of the leukemic cells. Our study identified Sprouty1 as negative regulator involved in the aberrant signals of adult acute myeloid leukemia. Furthermore, we found a correlation between Sprouty1 and FoxO3a delocalization in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients at diagnosis, suggesting a multistep regulation of RAS signaling in human cancers.
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94
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Leung GMK, Zhang C, Ng NKL, Yang N, Lam SSY, Au CH, Chan TL, Ma ESK, Tsui SP, Ip HW, So JCC, Ng MHL, Cheng KCK, Wong KF, Siu LLP, Yip SF, Lin SY, Lau JSM, Luk TH, Lee HKK, Lau CK, Kho B, Kwong YL, Leung AYH. Distinct mutation spectrum, clinical outcome and therapeutic responses of typical complex/monosomy karyotype acute myeloid leukemia carrying TP53 mutations. Am J Hematol 2019; 94:650-657. [PMID: 30900772 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to define a subtype of complex/monosomal karyotype (CK/MK) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by its distinct clinical features, p53 signaling and responses to p53 targeting agents. Ninety-eight young adults (range: 21-60 years; median: 49 years) with CK/MK AML were studied. They received standard induction, consolidation and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from siblings or matched unrelated donors if available. Chromosomal abnormalities most commonly affected chromosome 5 (30%), 7 (22%) and 17 (21%). Next generation sequencing of a 54-myeloid gene panel were available in 76 patients. Tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutations were most common (49%) and associated with the presence of -5/5q- (P < .001) and -17/17p- (P < .001), but not -7/7q- (P = .370). This "typical" CK/MK AML subtype was associated with significantly lower presenting white cell counts, higher number of karyotypic abnormalities, and inferior leukemia-free and overall survivals, compared with CK/MK AML without the typical features. Blood or bone marrow samples from typical CK/MK AML patients showed defective p53 signaling upon induction by etoposide. In vitro drug sensitivity analysis showed that they were sensitive to APR-246 that targeted mutant p53, but resistant to MDM2 antagonist MI-77301. Novel therapeutic strategies targeting TP53 mutations in CK/MK AML should be developed and tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garret M. K. Leung
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Nelson K. L. Ng
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Ning Yang
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Stephen S. Y. Lam
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Chun H. Au
- Department of PathologyHong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Tsun L. Chan
- Department of PathologyHong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Edmond S. K. Ma
- Department of PathologyHong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Sze P. Tsui
- Division of Haematology, Department of PathologyQueen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Ho W. Ip
- Division of Haematology, Department of PathologyQueen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Jason C. C. So
- Division of Haematology, Department of PathologyQueen Mary Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Margaret H. L. Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Kelvin C. K. Cheng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular PathologyThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Kit F. Wong
- Department of PathologyQueen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Lisa L. P. Siu
- Department of PathologyQueen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Sze F. Yip
- Department of MedicineTuen Mun Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Shek Y. Lin
- Department of Medicine and GeriatricsUnited Christian Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - June S. M. Lau
- Department of MedicineQueen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Tsan H. Luk
- Department of MedicineQueen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Harold K. K. Lee
- Department of MedicinePrincess Margaret Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Chi K. Lau
- Department of MedicineTseung Kwan O Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Bonnie Kho
- Department of MedicinePamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital Hong Kong China
| | - Yok L. Kwong
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Anskar Y. H. Leung
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
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95
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SOHO State of the Art Updates and Next Questions: Myelofibrosis. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2019; 19:191-199. [PMID: 30987952 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of a mutation in the Janus Kinase 2 gene in 2005 spurred significant progress in the field of myeloproliferative neoplasms. A comprehensive description of genomic factors at play in the malignant clone in myeloproliferative neoplasms, particularly myelofibrosis (MF), have recently led to more precise, personalized prognostic tools. Despite this, understanding of the disease pathogenesis remains relatively limited. We continue to lack a detailed description of the interaction between the hematopoietic stem cell clone, abnormal bone marrow niche cells, and circulating signaling molecules and an understanding of how they cooperate to promote cell proliferation, fibrogenesis, and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Despite our knowledge gaps, recent research in MF has led to promising clinical translation. In this article, we summarize recent insights into MF pathophysiology, progress in the development of novel therapeutics, and opportunities for further advancement of the field.
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96
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Khurana A, Shafer DA. MDM2 antagonists as a novel treatment option for acute myeloid leukemia: perspectives on the therapeutic potential of idasanutlin (RG7388). Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2903-2910. [PMID: 31289443 PMCID: PMC6563714 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s172315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal heterogenous malignancy of the myeloid cells with a poor prognosis lending itself to novel treatment strategies. TP53 is a critical tumor suppressor and plays an essential role in leukemogenesis. Although TP53 is relatively unusual in de novo AML, inactivation of wild-type p53 (WT-p53) is a common event. Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is a key negative regulator of p53 and its expression; inhibition of MDM2 is postulated to reactivate WT-p53 and its tumor suppressor functions. Nutlins were the first small molecule inhibitors that bind to MDM2 and target its interaction with p53. RG7388 (idasanutlin), a second-generation nutlin, was developed to improve upon the potency and toxicity profile of earlier nutlins. Preliminary data from early phase trials and ongoing studies suggest clinical response with RG7388 (idasanutlin) both in monotherapy and combination strategies in AML. We herein briefly discuss currently approved therapies in AML and review the clinical data for RG7388 (idasanutlin) and MDM2 inhibition as novel treatment strategies in AML. We further describe efficacy and toxicity profile data from completed and ongoing trials of RG7388 (idasanutlin) and other MDM2-p53 inhibitors in development. Many targeted therapies have been approved recently in AML, with a focus on the older and unfit population for intensive induction therapy and in relapsed/refractory disease. The "nutlins", including RG7388 (idasanutlin), merit continued investigation in such settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Khurana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology & Palliative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA,
| | - Danielle A Shafer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology & Palliative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA,
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97
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Asrij/OCIAD1 suppresses CSN5-mediated p53 degradation and maintains mouse hematopoietic stem cell quiescence. Blood 2019; 133:2385-2400. [PMID: 30952670 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the tumor suppressor p53 is essential for unrestrained growth of cancers. However, only 11% of hematological malignancies have mutant p53. Mechanisms that cause wild-type p53 dysfunction and promote leukemia are inadequately deciphered. The stem cell protein Asrij/OCIAD1 is misexpressed in several human hematological malignancies and implicated in the p53 pathway and DNA damage response. However, Asrij function in vertebrate hematopoiesis remains unknown. We generated the first asrij null (knockout [KO]) mice and show that they are viable and fertile with no gross abnormalities. However, by 6 months, they exhibit increased peripheral blood cell counts, splenomegaly, and an expansion of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with higher myeloid output. HSCs lacking Asrij are less quiescent and more proliferative with higher repopulation potential as observed from serial transplantation studies. However, stressing KO mice with sublethal γ irradiation or multiple injections of 5-fluorouracil results in reduced survival and rapid depletion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) by driving them into proliferative exhaustion. Molecular and biochemical analyses revealed increased polyubiquitinated protein levels, Akt/STAT5 activation and COP9 signalosome subunit 5 (CSN5)-mediated p53 ubiquitination, and degradation in KO HSPCs. Further, we show that Asrij sequesters CSN5 via its conserved OCIA domain, thereby preventing p53 degradation. In agreement, Nutlin-3 treatment of KO mice restored p53 levels and reduced high HSPC frequencies. Thus, we provide a new mouse model resembling myeloproliferative disease and identify a posttranslational regulator of wild-type p53 essential for maintaining HSC quiescence that could be a potential target for pharmacological intervention.
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98
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Li H, Tian Y, Li X, Wang B, Zhai D, Bai Y, Dong C, Chao X. Knockdown of IARS2 Inhibited Proliferation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells by Regulating p53/p21/PCNA/eIF4E Pathway. Oncol Res 2019; 27:673-680. [PMID: 30832756 PMCID: PMC7848268 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15426261956343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IARS2 encodes mitochondrial isoleucine-tRNA synthetase, which mutation may cause multiple diseases. However, the biological function of IARS2 on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not yet been identified. In the present study, qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression of IARS2 in K562, THP1, and HL-60 leukemia cells. Additionally the mRNA levels of IARS2 in CD34 cells and AML cells obtained from patients were detected by qRT-PCR. IARS2-shRNA lentiviral vector was established and used to infect acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were employed to assess the knockdown effect of IARS2. The proliferation rate and cell cycle phase of HL-60 cells after IARS2 knockdown were evaluated by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. The PathScan Antibody Array was used to determine the expression of cell cycle-related proteins in HL-60 cells after IARS2 knockdown. The expression of proliferation-related proteins in HL-60 cells after IARS2 knockdown was determined by Western blot analysis. Results showed that IARS2 expression was stable and much higher in HL-60, THP-1, and K562 leukemia cells and AML cells obtained from patients than that of human CD34 cells. Compared with cells of the shCtrl group, IARS2 was markedly knocked down in cells that were transfected with lentivirus encoding shRNA of IARS2 in HL-60 cells (p < 0.05). IARS2 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced cycle arrest at the G1 phase in HL-60 cells. Additionally IARS2 knockdown significantly increased the expression of p53 and p21, and decreased the expression of PCNA and eIF4E in HL-60 cells. In conclusion, IARS2 knockdown can inhibit acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cell proliferation and cause cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase by regulating the p53/p21/PCNA/eIF4E pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P.R. China
| | - Yaning Tian
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- The College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P.R. China
| | - Dongzhi Zhai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Bai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P.R. China
| | - Changhu Dong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P.R. China
| | - Xu Chao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P.R. China
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99
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Moison C, Lavallée VP, Thiollier C, Lehnertz B, Boivin I, Mayotte N, Gareau Y, Fréchette M, Blouin-Chagnon V, Corneau S, Lavallée S, Lemieux S, Marinier A, Hébert J, Sauvageau G. Complex karyotype AML displays G2/M signature and hypersensitivity to PLK1 inhibition. Blood Adv 2019; 3:552-563. [PMID: 30782614 PMCID: PMC6391664 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018028480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia with complex karyotype (CK AML) have an adverse prognosis using current therapies, especially when accompanied by TP53 alterations. We hereby report the RNA-sequencing analysis of the 68 CK AML samples included in the Leucegene 415 patient cohort. We confirm the frequent occurrence of TP53 alterations in this subgroup and further characterize the allele expression profile and transcript alterations of this gene. We also document that the RAS pathway (N/KRAS, NF1, PTPN11, BRAF) is frequently altered in this disease. Targeted chemical interrogation of genetically characterized primary CK AML samples identifies polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors as the most selective agents for this disease subgroup. TP53 status did not alter sensitivity to PLK1 inhibitors. Interestingly, CK AML specimens display a G2/M transcriptomic signature that includes higher expression levels of PLK1 and correlates with PLK1 inhibition sensitivity. Together, our results highlight vulnerability in CK AML. In line with these in vitro data, volasertib shows a strong anti-AML activity in xenotransplantation mouse models of human adverse AML. Considering that PLK1 inhibitors are currently being investigated clinically in AML and myelodysplastic syndromes, our results provide a new rationale for PLK1-directed therapy in patients with adverse cytogenetic AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Moison
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent-Philippe Lavallée
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Clarisse Thiollier
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bernhard Lehnertz
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabel Boivin
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadine Mayotte
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Gareau
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Fréchette
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Blouin-Chagnon
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Corneau
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lavallée
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada; and
| | - Sébastien Lemieux
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Computer Science and Operations Research and
| | - Anne Marinier
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Josée Hébert
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada; and
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada; and
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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100
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Castelli G, Pelosi E, Testa U. Emerging Therapies for Acute Myelogenus Leukemia Patients Targeting Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E260. [PMID: 30813354 PMCID: PMC6406361 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) is a malignant disease of the hematopoietic cells, characterized by impaired differentiation and uncontrolled clonal expansion of myeloid progenitors/precursors, resulting in bone marrow failure and impaired normal hematopoiesis. AML comprises a heterogeneous group of malignancies, characterized by a combination of different somatic genetic abnormalities, some of which act as events driving leukemic development. Studies carried out in the last years have shown that AML cells invariably have abnormalities in one or more apoptotic pathways and have identified some components of the apoptotic pathway that can be targeted by specific drugs. Clinical results deriving from studies using B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) inhibitors in combination with standard AML agents, such as azacytidine, decitabine, low-dose cytarabine, provided promising results and strongly support the use of these agents in the treatment of AML patients, particularly of elderly patients. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptors are frequently deregulated in AML patients and their targeting may represent a promising strategy for development of new treatments. Altered mitochondrial metabolism is a common feature of AML cells, as supported through the discovery of mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene and in mitochondrial electron transport chain and of numerous abnormalities of oxidative metabolism existing in AML subgroups. Overall, these observations strongly support the view that the targeting of mitochondrial apoptotic or metabolic machinery is an appealing new therapeutic perspective in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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