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Van Zyl WF, Deane SM, Dicks LMT. In vivo bioluminescence imaging of the spatial and temporal colonization of lactobacillus plantarum 423 and enterococcus mundtii ST4SA in the intestinal tract of mice. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:171. [PMID: 30376820 PMCID: PMC6208077 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are major inhabitants and part of the normal microflora of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans and animals. Despite substantial evidence supporting the beneficial properties of LAB, only a few studies have addressed the migration and colonization of probiotic bacteria in the GIT. The reason for this is mostly due to the limitations, or lack of, efficient reporter systems. Here we describe the development and application of a non-invasive in vivo bioluminescence reporter system to study, in real-time, the spatial and temporal persistence of Lactobacillus plantarum 423 and Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA in the intestinal tract of mice. Results This study reports on the application of the firefly luciferase gene (ffluc) from Photinus pyralis to develop luciferase-expressing L. plantarum 423 and E. mundtii ST4SA, using a Lactococcus lactis NICE system on a high copy number plasmid (pNZ8048) and strong constitutive lactate dehydrogenase gene promoters (Pldh and STldh). The reporter system was used for in vivo and ex vivo monitoring of both probiotic LAB strains in the GIT of mice after single and multiple oral administrations. Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA reached the large intestine 45 min after gavage, while L. plantarum 423 reached the cecum/colon after 90 min. Both strains predominantly colonized the cecum and colon after five consecutive daily administrations. Enterococcus mundtii ST4SA persisted in faeces at higher numbers and for more days compared to L. plantarum 423. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the efficiency of a high-copy number vector, constitutive promoters and bioluminescence imaging to study the colonization and persistence of L. plantarum 423 and E. mundtii ST4SA in the murine GIT. The system allowed us to differentiate between intestinal transit times of the two strains in the digestive tract. This is the first report of bioluminescence imaging of a luciferase-expressing E. mundtii strain to study colonization dynamics in the murine model. The bioluminescence system developed in this study may be used to study the in vivo colonization dynamics of other probiotic LAB. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1315-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winschau F Van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Shelly M Deane
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, 7 Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Leon M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, 7 Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
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Liang H, Chen H, Ji C, Lin X, Zhang W, Li L. Dynamic and Functional Characteristics of Predominant Species in Industrial Paocai as Revealed by Combined DGGE and Metagenomic Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2416. [PMID: 30356774 PMCID: PMC6189446 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial community during the fermentation of industrial paocai, a lactic acid fermented vegetable food, was investigated via combined denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomic sequencing. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were identified as the dominant phyla during the fermentation. DGGE results of the bacterial community analysis showed that many genera were observed during the fermentation of industrial paocai, but the same predominant genus and species were observed: Lactobacillus and Lactobacillus (L.) alimentarius/L. paralimentarius. The abundance of L. alimentarius/L. paralimentarius increased fast during the initial stage of fermentation and approximately remained constant during the later stage. Metagenomic sequencing was used to finally identify the predominant species and their genetic functions. Metabolism was the primary functions of the microbial community in industrial paocai fermentation, including carbohydrate metabolism (CM), overview (OV), amino acid metabolism (AAM), nucleotide metabolism (NM), energy metabolism (EM), etc. The predominant species L. alimentarius and L. paralimentarius were involved in plenty of pathways in metabolism and played different roles in the metabolism of carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid to form flavor compounds during industrial paocai fermentation. This study provided valuable information about the predominant species in industrial paocai and its functional properties, which could enable us to advance our understanding of the fermentation mechanism during fermentation of industrial paocai. Our results will advance the understanding of the microbial roles in the industrial paocai fermentation and provide a theoretical basis for improving the quality of industrial paocai products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipeng Liang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Huiying Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Chaofan Ji
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinping Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenxue Zhang
- Food Eco-engineering and Biotechnology Lab, College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biotechnology Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
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Afshari R, Pillidge CJ, Dias DA, Osborn AM, Gill H. Cheesomics: the future pathway to understanding cheese flavour and quality. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:33-47. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1512471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Afshari
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Daniel A. Dias
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - A. Mark Osborn
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harsharn Gill
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Aucouturier A, Chain F, Langella P, Bidnenko E. Characterization of a Prophage-Free Derivative Strain of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis IL1403 Reveals the Importance of Prophages for Phenotypic Plasticity of the Host. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2032. [PMID: 30233519 PMCID: PMC6127208 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis is a lactic acid bacterium of major importance for the dairy industry and for human health. Recent sequencing surveys of this species have provided evidence that all lactococcal genomes contain prophages and prophage-like elements. The prophage-related sequences encompass up to 10% of the bacterial chromosomes and thus contribute significantly to the genetic diversity of lactococci. However, the impact of these resident prophages on the physiology of L. lactis is presently unknown. The genome of the first sequenced prototype strain, L. lactis ssp. lactis IL1403, contains six prophage-like elements which together represent 6.7% of the IL1403 chromosome. Diverse prophage genes other than those encoding phage repressors have been shown to be expressed in lysogenic conditions, suggesting that prophage genes are indeed able to modulate the physiology of their host. To elucidate the effect of resident prophages on the behavior of L. lactis in different growth conditions, we constructed and characterized, for the first time, a derivative strain of IL1403 that is prophage-free. This strain provides unique experimental opportunities for the study of different aspects of lactococcal physiology using the well-defined genetic background of IL1403. Here, we show that resident prophages modify the growth and survival of the host strain to a considerable extent in different conditions, including in the gastrointestinal environment. They also may affect cellular autolytic properties and the host cells' susceptibility to virulent bacteriophages and antimicrobial agents. It thus appears that prophages contribute significantly to lactococcal cell physiology and might play an important role in the adaptation of L. lactis to cultivation and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Aucouturier
- MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florian Chain
- MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Elena Bidnenko
- MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Hatti-Kaul R, Chen L, Dishisha T, Enshasy HE. Lactic acid bacteria: from starter cultures to producers of chemicals. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:5087731. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Hatti-Kaul
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lu Chen
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tarek Dishisha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62511 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hesham El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81 310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
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Prasad N, Singh K, Gupta A, Prasad KN. Isolation of bacterial DNA followed by sequencing and differing cytokine response in peritoneal dialysis effluent help in identifying bacteria in culture negative peritonitis. Nephrology (Carlton) 2018; 23:148-154. [PMID: 27859980 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The treatment of peritoneal dialysis related culture negative peritonitis is empirical which increases the cost of therapy and moreover antibiotic resistance. We aimed the study to isolate bacterial DNA from PD effluent and indentify bacteria causing peritonitis in culture negative situations. We have also studied the cytokine response with different bacteria causing peritonitis. METHODS We have isolated bacterial DNA from PD effluent of culture negative and culture positive peritonitis patients. Bacterial DNA was subjected to polymerase chain reaction using universal bacteria specific primers and subsequently to Gram type specific primers for the differentiation of the etiologic agents into Gram-positive and Gram-negative. The amplified products were sequenced and subjected to blast search to identify agent at genus/ species level. RESULTS Of the 30 molecular method positive samples, 16 (53.33%) samples were positive for Gram-negative bacteria and 4 (13.33%) for Gram-positive, while the remaining10 (33.33%) were positive for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We have found organisms that usually do not grow on normal culture methods. TNF-α was significantly associated with Gram-positive peritonitis and regulatory cytokine IL-10 with Gram-negative peritonitis. CONCLUSIONS The molecular techniques are helpful in detecting and identifying organisms from culture negative PD effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Prasad
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Kamini Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Gupta
- Department of Nephrology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Kashi Nath Prasad
- Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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p19-Targeting ILP Protein Blockers of IL-23/Th-17 Pro-Inflammatory Axis Displayed on Engineered Bacteria of Food Origin. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071933. [PMID: 29966384 PMCID: PMC6073689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-23-mediated Th-17 cell activation and stimulation of IL-17-driven pro-inflammatory axis has been associated with autoimmunity disorders such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) or Crohn’s Disease (CD). Recently we developed a unique class of IL-23-specific protein blockers, called ILP binding proteins that inhibit binding of IL-23 to its cognate cell-surface receptor (IL-23R) and exhibit immunosuppressive effect on human primary blood leukocytes ex vivo. In this study, we aimed to generate a recombinant Lactococcus lactis strain which could serve as in vivo producer/secretor of IL-23 protein blockers into the gut. To achieve this goal, we introduced ILP030, ILP317 and ILP323 cDNA sequences into expression plasmid vector containing USP45 secretion signal, FLAG sequence consensus and LysM-containing cA surface anchor (AcmA) ensuring cell-surface peptidoglycan anchoring. We demonstrate that all ILP variants are expressed in L. lactis cells, efficiently transported and secreted from the cell and displayed on the bacterial surface. The binding function of AcmA-immobilized ILP proteins is documented by interaction with a recombinant p19 protein, alpha subunit of human IL-23, which was assembled in the form of a fusion with Thioredoxin A. ILP317 variant exhibits the best binding to the human IL-23 cytokine, as demonstrated for particular L.lactis-ILP recombinant variants by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). We conclude that novel recombinant ILP-secreting L. lactis strains were developed that might be useful for further in vivo studies of IL-23-mediated inflammation on animal model of experimentally-induced colitis.
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58
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Pilo P, Frey J. Pathogenicity, population genetics and dissemination of Bacillus anthracis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 64:115-125. [PMID: 29935338 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, procures its particular virulence by a capsule and two AB type toxins: the lethal factor LF and the edema factor EF. These toxins primarily disable immune cells. Both toxins are translocated to the host cell by the adhesin-internalin subunit called protective antigen PA. PA enables LF to reach intra-luminal vesicles, where it remains active for long periods. Subsequently, LF translocates to non-infected cells, leading to inefficient late therapy of anthrax. B. anthracis undergoes slow evolution because it alternates between vegetative and long spore phases. Full genome sequence analysis of a large number of worldwide strains resulted in a robust evolutionary reconstruction of this bacterium, showing that B. anthracis is split in three main clades: A, B and C. Clade A efficiently disseminated worldwide underpinned by human activities including heavy intercontinental trade of goat and sheep hair. Subclade A.Br.WNA, which is widespread in the Northern American continent, is estimated to have split from clade A reaching the Northern American continent in the late Pleistocene epoch via the former Bering Land Bridge and further spread from Northwest southwards. An alternative hypothesis is that subclade A.Br.WNA. evolved from clade A.Br.TEA tracing it back to strains from Northern France that were assumingly dispatched by European explorers that settled along the St. Lawrence River. Clade B established mostly in Europe along the alpine axis where it evolved in association with local cattle breeds and hence displays specific geographic subclusters. Sequencing technologies are also used for forensic applications to trace unintended or criminal acts of release of B. anthracis. Under natural conditions, B. anthracis generally affects domesticated and wild ruminants in arid ecosystems. The more recently discovered B. cereus biovar anthracis spreads in tropical forests, where it threatens particularly endangered primate populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pilo
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Joachim Frey
- Dean's Office, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Leroy F, Aymerich T, Champomier-Vergès MC, Cocolin L, De Vuyst L, Flores M, Leroi F, Leroy S, Talon R, Vogel RF, Zagorec M. Fermented meats (and the symptomatic case of the Flemish food pyramid): Are we heading towards the vilification of a valuable food group? Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 274:67-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Effects of Dietary Intake of Japanese Mushrooms on Visceral Fat Accumulation and Gut Microbiota in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050610. [PMID: 29757949 PMCID: PMC5986490 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A lot of Japanese people are generally known for having a healthy diet, and consume a variety of mushrooms daily. Many studies have reported anti-obesity effects of mushrooms, but few have investigated the effects of consuming a variety of edible mushroom types together in realistic quantities. In this study, we investigated whether supplementation with a variety of mushroom types affects visceral fat accumulation and gut microbiota in mice. The most popular mushroom varieties in Japan were lyophilized and mixed according to their local production ratios. C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet, high-fat (HF) diet, HF with 0.5% mushroom mixture (equivalent to 100 g mushrooms/day in humans) or HF with 3% mushroom mixture (equivalent to 600 g mushrooms/day in humans) for 4 weeks. The mice were then sacrificed, and blood samples, tissue samples and feces were collected. Our results show that mushroom intake suppressed visceral fat accumulation and increased the relative abundance of some short chain fatty acid- and lactic acid-producing gut bacteria. These findings suggest that mushroom intake is an effective strategy for obesity prevention.
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61
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Characterization of Lactobacillus amylolyticus L6 as potential probiotics based on genome sequence and corresponding phenotypes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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62
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De Filippis F, Parente E, Ercolini D. Recent Past, Present, and Future of the Food Microbiome. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2018; 9:589-608. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030117-012312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenio Parente
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Danilo Ercolini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Douillard FP, Mora D, Eijlander RT, Wels M, de Vos WM. Comparative genomic analysis of the multispecies probiotic-marketed product VSL#3. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192452. [PMID: 29451876 PMCID: PMC5815585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several probiotic-marketed formulations available for the consumers contain live lactic acid bacteria and/or bifidobacteria. The multispecies product commercialized as VSL#3 has been used for treating various gastro-intestinal disorders. However, like many other products, the bacterial strains present in VSL#3 have only been characterized to a limited extent and their efficacy as well as their predicted mode of action remain unclear, preventing further applications or comparative studies. In this work, the genomes of all eight bacterial strains present in VSL#3 were sequenced and characterized, to advance insights into the possible mode of action of this product and also to serve as a basis for future work and trials. Phylogenetic and genomic data analysis allowed us to identify the 7 species present in the VSL#3 product as specified by the manufacturer. The 8 strains present belong to the species Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus helveticus, Bifidobacterium breve and B. animalis subsp. lactis (two distinct strains). Comparative genomics revealed that the draft genomes of the S. thermophilus and L. helveticus strains were predicted to encode most of the defence systems such as restriction modification and CRISPR-Cas systems. Genes associated with a variety of potential probiotic functions were also identified. Thus, in the three Bifidobacterium spp., gene clusters were predicted to encode tight adherence pili, known to promote bacteria-host interaction and intestinal barrier integrity, and to impact host cell development. Various repertoires of putative signalling proteins were predicted to be encoded by the genomes of the Lactobacillus spp., i.e. surface layer proteins, LPXTG-containing proteins, or sortase-dependent pili that may interact with the intestinal mucosa and dendritic cells. Taken altogether, the individual genomic characterization of the strains present in the VSL#3 product confirmed the product specifications, determined its coding capacity as well as identified potential probiotic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- François P. Douillard
- Research Program Unit Immunobiology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Diego Mora
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Willem M. de Vos
- Research Program Unit Immunobiology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Xin Y, Guo T, Mu Y, Kong J. Coupling the recombineering to Cre-lox system enables simplified large-scale genome deletion in Lactobacillus casei. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:21. [PMID: 29433512 PMCID: PMC5808424 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0872-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactobacillus casei is widely used in the dairy and pharmaceutical industries and a promising candidate for use as cell factories. Recently, genome sequencing and functional genomics provide the possibility for reducing L. casei genome. However, it was still limited by the inefficient and laborious genome deletion methods. Results Here, we proposed a genome minimization strategy based on LCABL_13040-50-60 recombineering and Cre-lox site-specific recombination system in L. casei. The LCABL_13040-50-60 recombineering system was used to introduce two lox sites (lox66 and lox71) into 5′ and 3′ ends of the targeted region. Subsequently, the targeted region was excised by Cre recombinase. The robustness of the strategy was demonstrated by single-deletion of a nonessential ~ 39.3 kb or an important ~ 12.8 kb region and simultaneous deletion of two non-continuous genome regions (5.2 and 6.6 kb) with 100% efficiency. Furthermore, a cyclical application of this strategy generated a double-deletion mutant of which 1.68% of the chromosome was sequentially excised. Moreover, biological features (including growth rate, electroporation efficiency, cell morphology or heterologous protein productivity) of these mutants were characterized. Conclusions To our knowledge, this strategy is the first instance of sequential deletion of large-scale genome regions in L. casei. We expected this efficient and inexpensive tool can help for rapid genome streamlining and generation restructured L. casei strains used as cell factories. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0872-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingli Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
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L. plantarum WCFS1 enhances Treg frequencies by activating DCs even in absence of sampling of bacteria in the Peyer Patches. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1785. [PMID: 29379071 PMCID: PMC5788989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics such as L. plantarum WCFS1 can modulate immune responses in healthy subjects but how this occurs is still largely unknown. Immune-sampling in the Peyer Patches has been suggested to be one of the mechanisms. Here we studied the systemic and intestinal immune effects in combination with a trafficking study through the intestine of a well-established immunomodulating probiotic, i.e. L. plantarum WCFS1. We demonstrate that not more than 2–3 bacteria were sampled and in many animals not any bacterium could be found in the PP. Despite this, L. plantarum was associated with a strong increase in infiltration of regulatory CD103+ DCs and generation of regulatory T cells in the spleen. Also, a reduced splenic T helper cell cytokine response was observed after ex vivo restimulation. L. plantarum enhanced Treg cells and attenuated the T helper 2 response in healthy mice. We demonstrate that, in healthy mice, immune sampling is a rare phenomenon and not required for immunomodulation. Also in absence of any sampling immune activation was found illustrating that host-microbe interaction on the Peyer Patches was enough to induce immunomodulation of DCs and T-cells.
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66
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Sun L, Lu Z, Li J, Sun F, Huang R. Comparative genomics and transcriptome analysis of Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 11443 and the mutant strain SCT-10-10-60 with enhanced L-lactic acid production capacity. Mol Genet Genomics 2017; 293:265-276. [PMID: 29159508 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms for high L-lactic acid production remain unclear in many bacteria. Lactobacillus rhamnosus SCT-10-10-60 was previously obtained from L. rhamnosus ATCC 11443 via mutagenesis and showed improved L-lactic acid production. In this study, the genomes of strains SCT-10-10-60 and ATCC 11443 were sequenced. Both genomes are a circular chromosome, 2.99 Mb in length with a GC content of approximately 46.8%. Eight split genes were identified in strain SCT-10-10-60, including two LytR family transcriptional regulators, two Rex redox-sensing transcriptional repressors, and four ABC transporters. In total, 60 significantly up-regulated genes (log2fold-change ≥ 2) and 39 significantly down-regulated genes (log2fold-change ≤ - 2) were identified by a transcriptome comparison between strains SCT-10-10-60 and ATCC 11443. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that "pyruvate metabolism" was significantly different (P < 0.05) between the two strains. The split genes and the differentially expressed genes involved in the "pyruvate metabolism" pathway are probably responsible for the increased L-lactic acid production by SCT-10-10-60. The genome and transcriptome sequencing information and comparison of SCT-10-10-60 with ATCC 11443 provide insights into the anabolism of L-lactic acid and a reference for improving L-lactic acid production using genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Zhilong Lu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Jianxiu Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Ribo Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China.
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Koduru L, Kim Y, Bang J, Lakshmanan M, Han NS, Lee DY. Genome-scale modeling and transcriptome analysis of Leuconostoc mesenteroides unravel the redox governed metabolic states in obligate heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15721. [PMID: 29147021 PMCID: PMC5691038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16026-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Obligate heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are well-known for their beneficial health effects in humans. To delineate the incompletely characterized metabolism that currently limits their exploitation, at systems-level, we developed a genome-scale metabolic model of the representative obligate heterofermenting LAB, Leuconostoc mesenteroides (iLME620). Constraint-based flux analysis was then used to simulate several qualitative and quantitative phenotypes of L. mesenteroides, thereby evaluating the model validity. With established predictive capabilities, we subsequently employed iLME620 to elucidate unique metabolic characteristics of L. mesenteroides, such as the limited ability to utilize amino acids as energy source, and to substantiate the role of malolactic fermentation (MLF) in the reduction of pH-homeostatic burden on F0F1-ATPase. We also reported new hypothesis on the MLF mechanism that could be explained via a substrate channelling-like phenomenon mainly influenced by intracellular redox state rather than the intermediary reactions. Model simulations further revealed possible proton-symporter dependent activity of the energy efficient glucose-phosphotransferase system in obligate heterofermentative LAB. Moreover, integrated transcriptomic analysis allowed us to hypothesize transcriptional regulatory bias affecting the intracellular redox state. The insights gained here about the low ATP-yielding metabolism of L. mesenteroides, dominantly controlled by the cellular redox state, could potentially aid strain design for probiotic and cell factory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokanand Koduru
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Yujin Kim
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Resource Development, Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsu Bang
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Resource Development, Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Meiyappan Lakshmanan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore
| | - Nam Soo Han
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Resource Development, Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Centros, Singapore, 138668, Singapore.
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68
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Cani PD, de Vos WM. Next-Generation Beneficial Microbes: The Case of Akkermansia muciniphila. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1765. [PMID: 29018410 PMCID: PMC5614963 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 616] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders associated with obesity and cardiometabolic disorders are worldwide epidemic. Among the different environmental factors, the gut microbiota is now considered as a key player interfering with energy metabolism and host susceptibility to several non-communicable diseases. Among the next-generation beneficial microbes that have been identified, Akkermansia muciniphila is a promising candidate. Indeed, A. muciniphila is inversely associated with obesity, diabetes, cardiometabolic diseases and low-grade inflammation. Besides the numerous correlations observed, a large body of evidence has demonstrated the causal beneficial impact of this bacterium in a variety of preclinical models. Translating these exciting observations to human would be the next logic step and it now appears that several obstacles that would prevent the use of A. muciniphila administration in humans have been overcome. Moreover, several lines of evidence indicate that pasteurization of A. muciniphila not only increases its stability but more importantly increases its efficacy. This strongly positions A. muciniphila in the forefront of next-generation candidates for developing novel food or pharma supplements with beneficial effects. Finally, a specific protein present on the outer membrane of A. muciniphila, termed Amuc_1100, could be strong candidate for future drug development. In conclusion, as plants and its related knowledge, known as pharmacognosy, have been the source for designing drugs over the last century, we propose that microbes and microbiomegnosy, or knowledge of our gut microbiome, can become a novel source of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice D Cani
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de LouvainBrussels, Belgium
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands.,Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
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69
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Bonacina J, Suárez N, Hormigo R, Fadda S, Lechner M, Saavedra L. A genomic view of food-related and probiotic Enterococcus strains. DNA Res 2017; 24:11-24. [PMID: 27773878 PMCID: PMC5381348 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsw043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of enterococcal genomes has grown considerably in recent years. While special attention is paid to comparative genomic analysis among clinical relevant isolates, in this study we performed an exhaustive comparative analysis of enterococcal genomes of food origin and/or with potential to be used as probiotics. Beyond common genetic features, we especially aimed to identify those that are specific to enterococcal strains isolated from a certain food-related source as well as features present in a species-specific manner. Thus, the genome sequences of 25 Enterococcus strains, from 7 different species, were examined and compared. Their phylogenetic relationship was reconstructed based on orthologous proteins and whole genomes. Likewise, markers associated with a successful colonization (bacteriocin genes and genomic islands) and genome plasticity (phages and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) were investigated for lifestyle specific genetic features. At the same time, a search for antibiotic resistance genes was carried out, since they are of big concern in the food industry. Finally, it was possible to locate 1617 FIGfam families as a core proteome universally present among the genera and to determine that most of the accessory genes code for hypothetical proteins, providing reasonable hints to support their functional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Bonacina
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biología Molecular, CERELA-CONICET, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos, San Miguel de Tucumán (T4000ILC), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Nadia Suárez
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biología Molecular, CERELA-CONICET, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos, San Miguel de Tucumán (T4000ILC), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Hormigo
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biología Molecular, CERELA-CONICET, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos, San Miguel de Tucumán (T4000ILC), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvina Fadda
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biología Molecular, CERELA-CONICET, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos, San Miguel de Tucumán (T4000ILC), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Marcus Lechner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lucila Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biología Molecular, CERELA-CONICET, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos, San Miguel de Tucumán (T4000ILC), Tucumán, Argentina
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70
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Genotypic and phenotypic diversity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus clinical isolates, their comparison with strain GG and their recognition by complement system. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176739. [PMID: 28493885 PMCID: PMC5426626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains are ubiquitous in fermented foods, and in the human body where they are commensals naturally present in the normal microbiota composition of gut, vagina and skin. However, in some cases, Lactobacillus spp. have been implicated in bacteremia. The aim of the study was to examine the genomic and immunological properties of 16 clinical blood isolates of L. rhamnosus and to compare them to the well-studied L. rhamnosus probiotic strain GG. Blood cultures from bacteremic patients were collected at the Helsinki University Hospital laboratory in 2005–2011 and L. rhamnosus strains were isolated and characterized by genomic sequencing. The capacity of the L. rhamnosus strains to activate serum complement was studied using immunological assays for complement factor C3a and the terminal pathway complement complex (TCC). Binding of complement regulators factor H and C4bp was also determined using radioligand assays. Furthermore, the isolated strains were evaluated for their ability to aggregate platelets and to form biofilms in vitro. Genomic comparison between the clinical L. rhamnosus strains showed them to be clearly different from L. rhamnosus GG and to cluster in two distinct lineages. All L. rhamnosus strains activated complement in serum and none of them bound complement regulators. Four out of 16 clinical blood isolates induced platelet aggregation and/or formed more biofilms than L. rhamnosus GG, which did not display platelet aggregation activity nor showed strong biofilm formation. These findings suggest that clinical L. rhamnosus isolates show considerable heterogeneity but are clearly different from L. rhamnosus GG at the genomic level. All L. rhamnosus strains are still normally recognized by the human complement system.
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71
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Draft Genome Sequences of the Aerobic Strains Lactobacillus gasseri AL3 and AL5. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/18/e00213-17. [PMID: 28473372 PMCID: PMC5442371 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00213-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation to the aerobic environment has been investigated in heterofermentative lactobacilli, while data on how homofermentative lactobacilli adapt to oxygen are limited. We report here the draft genome sequences of the aerobic strains Lactobacillus gasseri AL3 and AL5 that allow an in-depth investigation of the genes involved in oxidative metabolism and the stress response.
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72
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Pérez-Díaz I, Hayes J, Medina E, Anekella K, Daughtry K, Dieck S, Levi M, Price R, Butz N, Lu Z, Azcarate-Peril M. Reassessment of the succession of lactic acid bacteria in commercial cucumber fermentations and physiological and genomic features associated with their dominance. Food Microbiol 2017; 63:217-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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73
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Milanowski M, Pomastowski P, Railean-Plugaru V, Rafińska K, Ligor T, Buszewski B. Biosorption of silver cations onto Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus casei isolated from dairy products. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174521. [PMID: 28362838 PMCID: PMC5375156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The current work deals with the phenomenon of silver cations uptake by two kinds of bacteria isolated from dairy products. The mechanism of sorption of silver cations by Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus casei bacteria was investigated. Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for determination of silver concentration sorbed by bacteria. Analysis of charge distribution was conducted by diffraction light scattering method. Changes in the ultrastructure of Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus casei cells after treatment with silver cations were investigated using transmission electron microscopy observation. Molecular spectroscopy methods, namely Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) were employed for description of the sorption mechanism. Moreover, an analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) extracted from bacterial cells was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Milanowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Viorica Railean-Plugaru
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rafińska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Iskandar CF, Borges F, Taminiau B, Daube G, Zagorec M, Remenant B, Leisner JJ, Hansen MA, Sørensen SJ, Mangavel C, Cailliez-Grimal C, Revol-Junelles AM. Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals Ecological Differentiation in the Genus Carnobacterium. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:357. [PMID: 28337181 PMCID: PMC5341603 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) differ in their ability to colonize food and animal-associated habitats: while some species are specialized and colonize a limited number of habitats, other are generalist and are able to colonize multiple animal-linked habitats. In the current study, Carnobacterium was used as a model genus to elucidate the genetic basis of these colonization differences. Analyses of 16S rRNA gene meta-barcoding data showed that C. maltaromaticum followed by C. divergens are the most prevalent species in foods derived from animals (meat, fish, dairy products), and in the gut. According to phylogenetic analyses, these two animal-adapted species belong to one of two deeply branched lineages. The second lineage contains species isolated from habitats where contact with animal is rare. Genome analyses revealed that members of the animal-adapted lineage harbor a larger secretome than members of the other lineage. The predicted cell-surface proteome is highly diversified in C. maltaromaticum and C. divergens with genes involved in adaptation to the animal milieu such as those encoding biopolymer hydrolytic enzymes, a heme uptake system, and biopolymer-binding adhesins. These species also exhibit genes for gut adaptation and respiration. In contrast, Carnobacterium species belonging to the second lineage encode a poorly diversified cell-surface proteome, lack genes for gut adaptation and are unable to respire. These results shed light on the important genomics traits required for adaptation to animal-linked habitats in generalist Carnobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle F. Iskandar
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Biomolécules, École Nationale Supérieure d’Agronomie et des Industries Alimentaires – Université de LorraineVandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Frédéric Borges
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Biomolécules, École Nationale Supérieure d’Agronomie et des Industries Alimentaires – Université de LorraineVandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health, University of LiègeLiège, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jørgen J. Leisner
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Martin A. Hansen
- Molecular Microbial Ecology Group, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren J. Sørensen
- Molecular Microbial Ecology Group, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cécile Mangavel
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Biomolécules, École Nationale Supérieure d’Agronomie et des Industries Alimentaires – Université de LorraineVandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Cailliez-Grimal
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Biomolécules, École Nationale Supérieure d’Agronomie et des Industries Alimentaires – Université de LorraineVandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Anne-Marie Revol-Junelles
- Laboratoire d’Ingénierie des Biomolécules, École Nationale Supérieure d’Agronomie et des Industries Alimentaires – Université de LorraineVandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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75
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Lactobacillus plantarum and Its Probiotic and Food Potentialities. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2017; 9:111-122. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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76
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Wu C, Huang J, Zhou R. Genomics of lactic acid bacteria: Current status and potential applications. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 43:393-404. [PMID: 28502225 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1179623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely used for the production of a variety of foods and feed raw materials where they contribute to flavor and texture of the fermented products. In addition, specific LAB strains are considered as probiotic due to their health-promoting effects in consumers. Recently, the genome sequencing of LAB is booming and the increased amount of published genomics data brings unprecedented opportunity for us to reveal the important traits of LAB. This review describes the recent progress on LAB genomics and special emphasis is placed on understanding the industry-related physiological features based on genomics analysis. Moreover, strategies to engineer metabolic capacity and stress tolerance of LAB with improved industrial performance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongde Wu
- a College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China.,b Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Jun Huang
- a College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China.,b Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Rongqing Zhou
- a College of Light Industry, Textile & Food Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China.,b Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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77
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Esteban-Torres M, Reverón I, Plaza-Vinuesa L, de las Rivas B, Muñoz R, López de Felipe F. Transcriptional Reprogramming at Genome-Scale of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 in Response to Olive Oil Challenge. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:244. [PMID: 28261192 PMCID: PMC5313477 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fats may exert selective pressures on Lactobacillus species, however, knowledge on the mechanisms of adaptation to fat stress in these organisms is still fragmentary. This study was undertaken to gain insight into the mechanisms of adaptation of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 to olive oil challenge by whole genome transcriptional profiling using DNA microarrays. A set of 230 genes were differentially expressed by L. plantarum WCFS1 to respond to this vegetable oil. This response involved elements typical of the stringent response, as indicated by the induction of genes involved in stress-related pathways and downregulation of genes related to processes associated with rapid growth. A set of genes involved in the transport and metabolism of compatible solutes were downregulated, indicating that this organism does not require osmoprotective mechanisms in presence of olive oil. The fatty acid biosynthetic pathway was thoroughly downregulated at the transcriptional level, which coincided with a diminished expression of genes controlled by this pathway in other organisms and that are required for the respiratory function, pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, RNA processing and cell size setting. Finally, a set of genes involved in host-cell signaling by L. plantarum were differentially regulated indicating that olive oil can influence the expression of metabolic traits involved in the crosstalk between this bacterium and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Félix López de Felipe
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos y Nutrición – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientificasMadrid, Spain
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78
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Arena MP, Capozzi V, Spano G, Fiocco D. The potential of lactic acid bacteria to colonize biotic and abiotic surfaces and the investigation of their interactions and mechanisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:2641-2657. [PMID: 28213732 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a heterogeneous group of Gram-positive bacteria that comprise several species which have evolved in close association with humans (food and lifestyle). While their use to ferment food dates back to very ancient times, in the last decades, LAB have attracted much attention for their documented beneficial properties and for potential biomedical applications. Some LAB are commensal that colonize, stably or transiently, host mucosal surfaces, inlcuding the gut, where they may contribute to host health. In this review, we present and discuss the main factors enabling LAB adaptation to such lifestyle, including the gene reprogramming accompanying gut colonization, the specific bacterial components involved in adhesion and interaction with host, and how the gut niche has shaped the genome of intestine-adapted species. Moreover, the capacity of LAB to colonize abiotic surfaces by forming structured communities, i.e., biofilms, is briefly discussed, taking into account the main bacterial and environmental factors involved, particularly in relation to food-related environments. The vast spread of LAB surface-associated communities and the ability to control their occurrence hold great potentials for human health and food safety biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pia Arena
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Capozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, University of Foggia, via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Daniela Fiocco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
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79
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Kim Y, Ryu BH, Kim J, Yoo W, An DR, Kim BY, Kwon S, Lee S, Wang Y, Kim KK, Kim TD. Characterization of a novel SGNH-type esterase from Lactobacillus plantarum. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 96:560-568. [PMID: 28040493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are sources of a large variety of microbial ester hydrolases because they can produce a wide range of short-chain esters, phenolic alcohols, and fatty acids. Here, a novel SGNH-type esterase (LpSGNH1) from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 was identified, functionally characterized, and immobilized for biotechnological applications. Homologs of LpSGNH1 are also found in many lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species. Biochemical features of LpSGNH1 were investigated using mass spectrometry, gel filtration chromatography, enzyme kinetics, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. LpSGNH1 were retained its activity under conditions that would be encountered during fermentations. Interestingly, LpSGNH1 exhibited the ability to act on a broad range of substrates including ketoprofen acetate, cefotaxime (CTX), and 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) as well as glucose pentaacetate, acetylxylan, and acetylalginate, which make LpSGNH1 a great candidate for extensive industrial applications. Furthermore, cross-linked enzyme aggregates of LpSGNH1 (CLEA-LpSGNH1) displayed recycling ability and thermal stability compared to free LpSGNH1, which could be useful for industrial applications. This work highlights the importance of LpSGNH1 in the preparation of commercial compounds, and LpSGNH1 can be used as a model system of SGNH esterases in lactic acid bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, South Korea; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Bum Han Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, South Korea; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jimin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
| | - Wanki Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, South Korea; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Deu Rae An
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, South Korea; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Boo-Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
| | - Sena Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
| | - Sojeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - T Doohun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, South Korea.
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Maldonado NC, Silva de Ruiz C, Nader-Macías MEF. Design of a beneficial product for newborn calves by combining Lactobacilli, minerals, and vitamins. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 46:648-56. [PMID: 26675304 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1128447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Diarrhea is one of the most frequent diseases affecting newborn calves in intensive systems. Several strategies were proposed to protect and improve health, such as probiotics. This work was directed to design a product containing freeze-dried bacteria, vitamins, and minerals, as well as to optimize conditions with lyoprotectors, combine strains and add vitamins, minerals, and inulin to the product. The lyoprotectors were milk, milk-whey, and actose, and products were stored for 6 months at 4°C. Combined bacteria were freeze-dried in milk and the final products were added with minerals, vitamins, and insulin. The viable cells were determined by the plate count assay and antibiotic profiles to differentiate strains. Lactobacillus johnsonii CRL1693, L. murinus CRL1695, L. mucosae CRL1696, L. salivarius CRL1702, L. amylovorus CRL1697, and Enterococcus faecium CRL1703 were evaluated. The optimal conditions were different for each strain. Milk and milk whey maintained the viability during the process and storage after 6 months for most of the strains, except for L. johnsonii. Lactose did not improve cell's recovery. L. murinus was viable for 6 months in all the conditions, with similar results in enterococci. In strains combined before freeze-dried, the viability decreased deeply, showing that one-step process with bacteria mixtures, vitamins, and minerals were not adequate. Freeze-dried resistance depends on each strain and must be lyophilized individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Cecilia Maldonado
- a Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Pharmabiotic Department , San Miguel de Tucumán , Argentina
| | - Clara Silva de Ruiz
- b Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia , Universidad Nacional de Tucumán , San Miguel de Tucumán , Argentina
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Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Outcompetes Enterococcus faecium via Mucus-Binding Pili: Evidence for a Novel and Heterospecific Probiotic Mechanism. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:5756-62. [PMID: 27422834 PMCID: PMC5038030 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01243-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have become a major nosocomial threat. Enterococcus faecium is of special concern, as it can easily acquire new antibiotic resistances and is an excellent colonizer of the human intestinal tract. Several clinical studies have explored the potential use of beneficial bacteria to weed out opportunistic pathogens. Specifically, the widely studied Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG has been applied successfully in the context of VRE infections. Here, we provide new insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of this model probiotic on VRE decolonization. Both clinical VRE isolates and L. rhamnosus GG express pili on their cell walls, which are the key modulators of their highly efficient colonization of the intestinal mucosa. We found that one of the VRE pilus clusters shares considerable sequence similarity with the SpaCBA-SrtC1 pilus cluster of L. rhamnosus GG. Remarkable immunological and functional similarities were discovered between the mucus-binding pili of L. rhamnosus GG and those of the clinical E. faecium strain E1165, which was characterized at the genome level. Moreover, E. faecium strain E1165 bound efficiently to mucus, which may be prevented by the presence of the mucus-binding SpaC protein or antibodies against L. rhamnosus GG or SpaC. These results present experimental support for a novel probiotic mechanism, in which the mucus-binding pili of L. rhamnosus GG prevent the binding of a potential pathogen to the host. Hence, we provide a molecular basis for the further exploitation of L. rhamnosus GG and its pilins for prophylaxis and treatment of VRE infections. IMPORTANCE Concern about vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium causing nosocomial infections is rising globally. The arsenal of antibiotic strategies to treat these infections is nearly exhausted, and hence, new treatment strategies are urgently needed. Here, we provide molecular evidence to underpin reports of the successful clinical application of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in VRE decolonization strategies. Our results provide support for a new molecular mechanism, in which probiotics can perform competitive exclusion and possibly immune interaction. Moreover, we spur further exploration of the potential of intact L. rhamnosus GG and purified SpaC pilin as prophylactic and curative agents of the VRE carrier state.
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Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are important starter, commensal, or pathogenic microorganisms. The stress physiology of LAB has been studied in depth for over 2 decades, fueled mostly by the technological implications of LAB robustness in the food industry. Survival of probiotic LAB in the host and the potential relatedness of LAB virulence to their stress resilience have intensified interest in the field. Thus, a wealth of information concerning stress responses exists today for strains as diverse as starter (e.g., Lactococcus lactis), probiotic (e.g., several Lactobacillus spp.), and pathogenic (e.g., Enterococcus and Streptococcus spp.) LAB. Here we present the state of the art for LAB stress behavior. We describe the multitude of stresses that LAB are confronted with, and we present the experimental context used to study the stress responses of LAB, focusing on adaptation, habituation, and cross-protection as well as on self-induced multistress resistance in stationary phase, biofilms, and dormancy. We also consider stress responses at the population and single-cell levels. Subsequently, we concentrate on the stress defense mechanisms that have been reported to date, grouping them according to their direct participation in preserving cell energy, defending macromolecules, and protecting the cell envelope. Stress-induced responses of probiotic LAB and commensal/pathogenic LAB are highlighted separately due to the complexity of the peculiar multistress conditions to which these bacteria are subjected in their hosts. Induction of prophages under environmental stresses is then discussed. Finally, we present systems-based strategies to characterize the "stressome" of LAB and to engineer new food-related and probiotic LAB with improved stress tolerance.
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83
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van den Nieuwboer M, van Hemert S, Claassen E, de Vos WM. Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 and its host interaction: a dozen years after the genome. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 9:452-65. [PMID: 27231133 PMCID: PMC4919987 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 is one of the best studied Lactobacilli, notably as its genome was unravelled over 12 years ago. L. plantarum WCFS1 can be grown to high densities, is amenable to genetic transformation and highly robust with a relatively high survival rate during the gastrointestinal passage. In this review, we present and discuss the main insights provided by the functional genomics research on L. plantarum WCFS1 with specific attention for the molecular mechanisms related to its interaction with the human host and its potential to modify the immune system, and induce other health-related benefits. Whereas most insight has been gained in mouse and other model studies, only five human studies have been reported with L. plantarum WCFS1. Hence NCIMB 8826 (the parental strain of L. plantarum WCFS1) in human trials as to capitalize on the wealth of knowledge that is summarized here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Claassen
- Athena Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Bacteriology & Immunology and Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Escalante A, López Soto DR, Velázquez Gutiérrez JE, Giles-Gómez M, Bolívar F, López-Munguía A. Pulque, a Traditional Mexican Alcoholic Fermented Beverage: Historical, Microbiological, and Technical Aspects. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1026. [PMID: 27446061 PMCID: PMC4928461 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulque is a traditional Mexican alcoholic beverage produced from the fermentation of the fresh sap known as aguamiel (mead) extracted from several species of Agave (maguey) plants that grow in the Central Mexico plateau. Currently, pulque is produced, sold and consumed in popular districts of Mexico City and rural areas. The fermented product is a milky white, viscous, and slightly acidic liquid beverage with an alcohol content between 4 and 7° GL and history of consumption that dates back to pre-Hispanic times. In this contribution, we review the traditional pulque production process, including the microbiota involved in the biochemical changes that take place during aguamiel fermentation. We discuss the historical relevance and the benefits of pulque consumption, its chemical and nutritional properties, including the health benefits associated with diverse lactic acid bacteria with probiotic potential isolated from the beverage. Finally, we describe the actual status of pulque production as well as the social, scientific and technological challenges faced to preserve and improve the production of this ancestral beverage and Mexican cultural heritage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelfo Escalante
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCuernavaca, Mexico
| | - David R. López Soto
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Judith E. Velázquez Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad UniversitariaCiudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Francisco Bolívar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Agustín López-Munguía
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCuernavaca, Mexico
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85
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Comparative Genomics Reveals Biomarkers to Identify Lactobacillus Species. Indian J Microbiol 2016; 56:265-76. [PMID: 27407290 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-016-0605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria possessing multiple copies of 16S rRNA (rrs) gene demonstrate high intragenomic heterogeneity. It hinders clear distinction at species level and even leads to overestimation of the bacterial diversity. Fifty completely sequenced genomes belonging to 19 species of Lactobacillus species were found to possess 4-9 copies of rrs each. Multiple sequence alignment of 268 rrs genes from all the 19 species could be classified into 20 groups. Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis TMW 1.1304 was the only species where all the 7 copies of rrs were exactly similar and thus formed a distinct group. In order to circumvent the problem of high heterogeneity arising due to multiple copies of rrs, 19 additional genes (732-3645 nucleotides in size) common to Lactobacillus genomes, were selected and digested with 10 Type II restriction endonucleases (RE), under in silico conditions. The following unique gene-RE combinations: recA (1098 nts)-HpyCH4 V, CviAII, BfuCI and RsaI were found to be useful in identifying 29 strains representing 17 species. Digestion patterns of genes-ruvB (1020 nts), dnaA (1368 nts), purA (1290 nts), dnaJ (1140 nts), and gyrB (1944 nts) in combination with REs-AluI, BfuCI, CviAI, Taq1, and Tru9I allowed clear identification of an additional 14 strains belonging to 8 species. Digestion pattern of genes recA, ruvB, dnaA, purA, dnaJ and gyrB can be used as biomarkers for identifying different species of Lactobacillus.
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86
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Polymorphisms, Chromosomal Rearrangements, and Mutator Phenotype Development during Experimental Evolution of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:3783-92. [PMID: 27084020 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00255-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is a lactic acid bacterium widely marketed by the food industry. Its genomic analysis led to the identification of a gene cluster encoding mucus-binding SpaCBA pili, which is located in a genomic island enriched in insertion sequence (IS) elements. In the present study, we analyzed by genome-wide resequencing the genomic integrity of L. rhamnosus GG in four distinct evolutionary experiments conducted for approximately 1,000 generations under conditions of no stress or salt, bile, and repetitive-shearing stress. Under both stress-free and salt-induced stress conditions, the GG population (excluding the mutator lineage in the stress-free series [see below]) accumulated only a few single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and no frequent chromosomal rearrangements. In contrast, in the presence of bile salts or repetitive shearing stress, some IS elements were found to be activated, resulting in the deletion of large chromosomal segments that include the spaCBA-srtC1 pilus gene cluster. Remarkably, a high number of SNPs were found in three strains obtained after 900 generations of stress-free growth. Detailed analysis showed that these three strains derived from a founder mutant with an altered DNA polymerase subunit that resulted in a mutator phenotype. The present work confirms the stability of the pilus production phenotype in L. rhamnosus GG under stress-free conditions, highlights the possible evolutionary scenarios that may occur when this probiotic strain is extensively cultured, and identifies external factors that affect the chromosomal integrity of GG. The results provide mechanistic insights into the stability of GG in regard to its extensive use in probiotic and other functional food products. IMPORTANCE Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is a widely marketed probiotic strain that has been used in numerous clinical studies to assess its health-promoting properties. Hence, the stability of the probiotic functions of L. rhamnosus GG is of importance, and here we studied the impact of external stresses on the genomic integrity of L. rhamnosus GG. We studied three different stresses that are relevant for understanding its robustness and integrity under both ex vivo conditions, i.e., industrial manufacturing conditions, and in vivo conditions, i.e., intestinal tract-associated stress. Overall, our findings contribute to predicting the genomic stability of L. rhamnosus GG and its ecological performance.
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87
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Josephs-Spaulding J, Beeler E, Singh OV. Human microbiome versus food-borne pathogens: friend or foe. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4845-63. [PMID: 27102132 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7523-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As food safety advances, there is a great need to maintain, distribute, and provide high-quality food to a much broader consumer base. There is also an ever-growing "arms race" between pathogens and humans as food manufacturers. The human microbiome is a collective organ of microbes that have found community niches while associating with their host and other microorganisms. Humans play an important role in modifying the environment of these organisms through their life choices, especially through individual diet. The composition of an individual's diet influences the digestive system-an ecosystem with the greatest number and largest diversity of organisms currently known. Organisms living on and within food have the potential to be either friends or foes to the consumer. Maintenance of this system can have multiple benefits, but lack of maintenance can lead to a host of chronic and preventable diseases. Overall, this dynamic system is influenced by intense competition from food-borne pathogens, lifestyle, overall diet, and presiding host-associated microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Josephs-Spaulding
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Campus Drive, Bradford, PA, 16701, USA
| | - Erik Beeler
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Campus Drive, Bradford, PA, 16701, USA
| | - Om V Singh
- Division of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Campus Drive, Bradford, PA, 16701, USA.
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Rossi M, Martínez-Martínez D, Amaretti A, Ulrici A, Raimondi S, Moya A. Mining metagenomic whole genome sequences revealed subdominant but constant Lactobacillus population in the human gut microbiota. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 8:399-406. [PMID: 27043715 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The genus Lactobacillus includes over 215 species that colonize plants, foods, sewage and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans and animals. In the GIT, Lactobacillus population can be made by true inhabitants or by bacteria occasionally ingested with fermented or spoiled foods, or with probiotics. This study longitudinally surveyed Lactobacillus species and strains in the feces of a healthy subject through whole genome sequencing (WGS) data-mining, in order to identify members of the permanent or transient populations. In three time-points (0, 670 and 700 d), 58 different species were identified, 16 of them being retrieved for the first time in human feces. L. rhamnosus, L. ruminis, L. delbrueckii, L. plantarum, L. casei and L. acidophilus were the most represented, with estimated amounts ranging between 6 and 8 Log (cells g(-1) ), while the other were detected at 4 or 5 Log (cells g(-1) ). 86 Lactobacillus strains belonging to 52 species were identified. 43 seemingly occupied the GIT as true residents, since were detected in a time span of almost 2 years in all the three samples or in 2 samples separated by 670 or 700 d. As a whole, a stable community of lactobacilli was disclosed, with wide and understudied biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Rossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniel Martínez-Martínez
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Network Research Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Amaretti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ulrici
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Raimondi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrés Moya
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Network Research Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Madrid, Spain
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89
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Kuda T, Kataoka M, Nemoto M, Kawahara M, Takahashi H, Kimura B. Isolation of lactic acid bacteria from plants of the coastal Satoumi regions for use as starter cultures in fermented milk and soymilk production. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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90
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Heiss S, Hörmann A, Tauer C, Sonnleitner M, Egger E, Grabherr R, Heinl S. Evaluation of novel inducible promoter/repressor systems for recombinant protein expression in Lactobacillus plantarum. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:50. [PMID: 26966093 PMCID: PMC4785742 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Engineering lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is of growing importance for food and feed industry as well as for in vivo vaccination or the production of recombinant proteins in food grade organisms. Often, expression of a transgene is only desired at a certain time point or period, e.g. to minimize the metabolic burden for the host cell or to control the expression time span. For this purpose, inducible expression systems are preferred, though cost and availability of the inducing agent must be feasible. We selected the plasmid free strain Lactobacillus plantarum 3NSH for testing and characterization of novel inducible promoters/repressor systems. Their feasibility in recombinant protein production was evaluated. Expression of the reporter protein mCherry was monitored with the BioLector® micro-fermentation system. Results Reporter gene mCherry expression was compared under the control of different promoter/repressor systems: PlacA (an endogenous promoter/repressor system derived from L. plantarum 3NSH), PxylA (a promoter/repressor system derived from Bacillus megaterium DSMZ 319) and PlacSynth (synthetic promoter and codon-optimized repressor gene based on the Escherichia colilac operon). We observed that PlacA was inducible solely by lactose, but not by non-metabolizable allolactose analoga. PxylA was inducible by xylose, yet showed basal expression under non-induced conditions. Growth on galactose (as compared to exponential growth phase on glucose) reduced basal mCherry expression at non-induced conditions. PlacSynth was inducible with TMG (methyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside) and IPTG (isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside), but also showed basal expression without inducer. The promoter PlacSynth was used for establishment of a dual plasmid expression system, based on T7 RNA polymerase driven expression in L. plantarum. Comparative Western blot supported BioLector® micro-fermentation measurements. Conclusively, overall expression levels were moderate (compared to a constitutive promoter). Conclusions We evaluated different inducible promoters, as well as an orthologous expression system, for controlled gene expression in L. plantarum. Furthermore, here we provide proof of concept for a T7 RNA polymerase based expression system for L. plantarum. Thereby we expanded the molecular toolbox for an industrial relevant and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) strain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0448-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Heiss
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Genetically Engineered Lactic Acid Bacteria, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Hörmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Genetically Engineered Lactic Acid Bacteria, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Tauer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Genetically Engineered Lactic Acid Bacteria, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margot Sonnleitner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Genetically Engineered Lactic Acid Bacteria, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Esther Egger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Genetically Engineered Lactic Acid Bacteria, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reingard Grabherr
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Genetically Engineered Lactic Acid Bacteria, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Heinl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Genetically Engineered Lactic Acid Bacteria, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
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91
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Al-Ghazzewi FH, Tester RF. Biotherapeutic agents and vaginal health. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:18-27. [PMID: 26757173 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of vaginal infection requires different drugs although the recurrence rate post treatment remains high due to adverse effects on the beneficial microbiota. Thus, there are clear clinical advantages for the use of biotherapeutic agents (prebiotics and/or probiotics) for treating these infections. Pre- and probiotic beneficial effects can be delivered topically or systemically. In general, both approaches have the potential to optimize, maintain and restore the ecology of the vaginal ecosystem. Specific carbohydrates provide a therapeutic approach for controlling infections by stimulating the growth of the indigenous lactobacilli but inhibiting the growth and adhesion of pathogens to the vaginal epithelial cells. Overall, little evidence exists to promote the prevention or treatment of vaginal disease with prebiotic carbohydrates in formulations such as pessaries, creams or douches. However, recent reports have promoted prebiotic applications in ecosystems other than the gut and include the mouth, skin and vagina. This review focuses on the utilization of pre- and probiotics for vaginal health.
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92
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Dong X, Tian B, Dai S, Li T, Guo L, Tan Z, Jiao Z, Jin Q, Wang Y, Hua Y. Expression of PprI from Deinococcus radiodurans Improves Lactic Acid Production and Stress Tolerance in Lactococcus lactis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142918. [PMID: 26562776 PMCID: PMC4643010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PprI is a general switch protein that regulates the expression of certain proteins involved in pathways of cellular resistance in the extremophilic bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans. In this study, we transformed pprI into Lactococcus lactis strain MG1363 using the lactococcal shuttle vector pMG36e and investigated its effects on the tolerance and lactic acid production of L. lactis while under stress. PprI was stably expressed in L. lactis as confirmed by western blot assays. L. lactis expressing PprI exhibited significantly improved resistance to oxidative stress and high osmotic pressure. This enhanced cellular tolerance to stressors might be due to the regulation of resistance-related genes (e.g., recA, recO, sodA, and nah) by pprI. Moreover, transformed L. lactis demonstrated increased lactic acid production, attributed to enhanced lactate dehydrogenase activity. These results suggest that pprI can improve the tolerance of L. lactis to environmental stresses, and this transformed bacterial strain is a promising candidate for industrial applications of lactic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Dong
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Bing Tian
- Key Laboratory for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Shang Dai
- Key Laboratory for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Linna Guo
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhongfang Tan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhen Jiao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qingsheng Jin
- Institute of Crops and Utilization of Nuclear Technology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (YH)
| | - Yuejin Hua
- Key Laboratory for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (YH)
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93
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Russo P, Peña N, de Chiara MLV, Amodio ML, Colelli G, Spano G. Probiotic lactic acid bacteria for the production of multifunctional fresh-cut cantaloupe. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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94
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Nader-Macías MEF, Juárez Tomás MS. Profiles and technological requirements of urogenital probiotics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 92:84-104. [PMID: 25858665 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host, are considered a valid and novel alternative for the prevention and treatment of female urogenital tract infections. Lactobacilli, the predominant microorganisms of the healthy human vaginal microbiome, can be included as active pharmaceutical ingredients in probiotics products. Several requirements must be considered or criteria fulfilled during the development of a probiotic product or formula for the female urogenital tract. This review deals with the main selection criteria for urogenital probiotic microorganisms: host specificity, potential beneficial properties, functional specifications, technological characteristics and clinical trials used to test their effect on certain physiological and pathological conditions. Further studies are required to complement the current knowledge and support the clinical applications of probiotics in the urogenital tract. This therapy will allow the restoration of the ecological equilibrium of the urogenital tract microbiome as well as the recovery of the sexual and reproductive health of women.
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95
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Derrien M, van Hylckama Vlieg JE. Fate, activity, and impact of ingested bacteria within the human gut microbiota. Trends Microbiol 2015; 23:354-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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96
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Heiss S, Grabherr R, Heinl S. Characterization of the Lactobacillus plantarum plasmid pCD033 and generation of the plasmid free strain L. plantarum 3NSH. Plasmid 2015; 81:9-20. [PMID: 26038184 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum CD033, a strain isolated from grass silage in Austria, harbors a 7.9 kb plasmid designated pCD033. Sequence analysis identified 14 open reading frames and 8 of these were supposed to be putative coding sequences. Gene annotation revealed no putative essential genes being plasmid encoded, but a plasmid addiction system based on a PemI/PemK-like toxin-antitoxin system, able to stabilize plasmid maintenance. Absence of a replication initiation protein, a double strand origin as well as a single strand origin on plasmid pCD033 suggests replication via a new type of theta mechanism, whereby plasmid replication is potentially initiated and regulated by non-coding RNA. Detailed examination of segregational stability of plasmid vectors consisting of pCD033-fragments, combined with a selection marker, resulted in definition of a stably maintained minimal replicon. A gene encoding a RepB/OrfX-like protein was found to be not essential for plasmid replication. Alignment of the amino acid sequence of this protein with related proteins unveiled a highly conserved amino acid motif (LLDQQQ). L. plantarum CD033 was cured of pCD033 resulting in the novel plasmid free strain L. plantarum 3NSH. Plasmid curing demonstrated that no essential features are provided by pCD033 under laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Heiss
- CD-Laboratory for Genetically Engineered Lactic Acid Bacteria, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reingard Grabherr
- CD-Laboratory for Genetically Engineered Lactic Acid Bacteria, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Heinl
- CD-Laboratory for Genetically Engineered Lactic Acid Bacteria, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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97
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Dual-Color Bioluminescence Imaging for Simultaneous Monitoring of the Intestinal Persistence of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis in Living Mice. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:5344-9. [PMID: 26025906 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01042-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are found in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals and have received tremendous attention due to their health-promoting properties. We report the development of two dual-color luciferase-producing Lactobacillus (Lb.) plantarum and Lactococcus (Lc.) lactis strains for noninvasive simultaneous tracking in the mouse gastrointestinal tract. We previously described the functional expression of the red luciferase mutant (CBRluc) from Pyrophorus plagiophthalamus in Lb. plantarum NCIMB8826 and Lc. lactis MG1363 (C. Daniel, S. Poiret, V. Dennin, D. Boutillier, and B. Pot, Appl Environ Microbiol 79:1086-1094, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03221-12). In this study, we determined that CBRluc is a better-performing luciferase for in vivo localization of both lactic acid bacteria after oral administration than the green click beetle luciferase mutant construct developed in this study. We further established the possibility to simultaneously detect red- and green-emitting lactic acid bacteria by dual-wavelength bioluminescence imaging in combination with spectral unmixing. The difference in spectra of light emission by the red and green click beetle luciferase mutants and dual bioluminescence detection allowed in vitro and in vivo quantification of the red and green emitted signals; thus, it allowed us to monitor the dynamics and fate of the two bacterial populations simultaneously. Persistence and viability of both strains simultaneously administered to mice in different ratios was studied in vivo in anesthetized mice and ex vivo in mouse feces. The application of dual-luciferase-labeled bacteria has considerable potential to simultaneously study the interactions and potential competitions of different targeted bacteria and their hosts.
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98
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Wolfe BE, Dutton RJ. Fermented foods as experimentally tractable microbial ecosystems. Cell 2015; 161:49-55. [PMID: 25815984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbial communities of fermented foods have provided humans with tools for preservation and flavor development for thousands of years. These simple, reproducible, accessible, culturable, and easy-to-manipulate systems also provide opportunities for dissecting the mechanisms of microbial community formation. Fermented foods can be valuable models for processes in less tractable microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel J Dutton
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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99
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Genome Sequence of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris Mast36, a Strain Isolated from Bovine Mastitis. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/3/e00449-15. [PMID: 25999570 PMCID: PMC4440950 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00449-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The genome sequence of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris Mast36, isolated from bovine mastitis, is reported here. This strain was shown to be able to grow in milk and still possess genes of vegetable origin. The genome also contains a cluster of genes associated with pathogenicity.
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100
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Russo P, Iturria I, Mohedano ML, Caggianiello G, Rainieri S, Fiocco D, Angel Pardo M, López P, Spano G. Zebrafish gut colonization by mCherry-labelled lactic acid bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:3479-90. [PMID: 25586576 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6351-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A critical feature of probiotic microorganisms is their ability to colonize the intestine of the host. Although the microbial potential to adhere to the human gut lumen has been investigated in in vitro models, there is still much to discover about their in vivo behaviour. Zebrafish is a vertebrate model that is being widely used to investigate various biological processes shared with humans. In this work, we report on the use of the zebrafish model to investigate the in vivo colonization ability of previously characterized probiotic lactic acid bacteria. Lactobacillus plantarum Lp90, L. plantarum B2 and Lactobacillus fermentum PBCC11.5 were fluorescently tagged by transfer of the pRCR12 plasmid, which encodes the mCherry protein and which was constructed in this work. The recombinant bacteria were used to infect germ-free zebrafish larvae. After removal of bacteria, the colonization ability of the strains was monitored until 3 days post-infection by using a fluorescence stereomicroscope. The results indicated differential adhesion capabilities among the strains. Interestingly, a displacement of bacteria from the medium to the posterior intestinal tract was observed as a function of time that suggested a transient colonization by probiotics. Based on fluorescence observation, L. plantarum strains exhibited a more robust adhesion capability. In conclusion, the use of pRCR12 plasmid for labelling Lactobacillus strains provides a powerful and very efficient tool to monitor the in vivo colonization in zebrafish larvae and to investigate the adhesion ability of probiotic microorganisms.
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