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Zhou J, Waskowicz LR, Lim A, Liao XH, Lian B, Masamune H, Refetoff S, Tran B, Koeberl DD, Yen PM. A Liver-Specific Thyromimetic, VK2809, Decreases Hepatosteatosis in Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia. Thyroid 2019; 29:1158-1167. [PMID: 31337282 PMCID: PMC6707038 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia), also known as von Gierke disease, is the most common glycogen storage disorder. It is caused by the deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase, the enzyme that catalyzes the final step of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. The accumulation of glucose-6-phosphate leads to increased glycogen and triglyceride levels in the liver. Patients with GSD Ia can develop steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and increased risk for hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas. We previously showed that animal models of GSD Ia had defective autophagy and dysfunctional mitochondria. In this study, we examined the effect of VK2809, a liver-specific thyroid hormone receptor β agonist, on hepatic steatosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis in a mouse model of GSD Ia. Methods:G6pc-/--deficient (GSD Ia) mice were treated with VK2809 or vehicle control by daily intraperitoneal injection for four days. The hepatic triglyceride and glycogen were determined by biochemical assays. Autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis were measured by Western blotting for key autophagy and mitochondrial markers. Results: VK2809 treatment decreased hepatic mass and triglyceride content in GSD Ia mice. VK2809 stimulated hepatic autophagic flux as evidenced by increased microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3B-II), decreased p62 protein levels, activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, enhancement of protein levels of ATG5-ATG12, and increased lysosomal protein expression. VK2809 also increased the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1α) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), as well as mitochondrial biogenesis to promote mitochondrial β-oxidation. Conclusions: In summary, VK2809 treatment decreased hepatic triglyceride levels in GSD Ia mice through its simultaneous restoration of autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and β-oxidation of fatty acids. Liver-specific thyromimetics represent a potential therapy for hepatosteatosis in GSD Ia as well as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lauren R. Waskowicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrea Lim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Hui Liao
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brian Lian
- Viking Therapeutics, San Diego, California
| | | | - Samuel Refetoff
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics and Committee on Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brian Tran
- Viking Therapeutics, San Diego, California
| | - Dwight D. Koeberl
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Address correspondence to: Dwight D. Koeberl, MD, PhD, Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC Box 103856, Durham, NC, 27710
| | - Paul M. Yen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Paul M. Yen, MD, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169587, Singapore
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52
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Dunne TF, Geberhiwot T, Jones R. Acute psychosis in glycogen storage disease: a rare but severe complication. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:e222307. [PMID: 31272990 PMCID: PMC6613960 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-222307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type 1 (GSD-1) is a group of inherited metabolic disorders characterised by the inability to use intracellular glucose stores. It is associated with a high risk of hypoglycaemia, as well as long-term complications including growth retardation, hepatocellular adenomas, renal disease, hypertriglyceridaemia and hyperuricaemia. Treatment involves slow absorption carbohydrates, for example, cornstarch. We present a case of acute psychosis in a patient with GSD-1a. This was initially attributed to his opiate use. Later in his management an MRI scan of his head was performed which revealed regions of brain atrophy following significant hypoglycaemic insult, thus identifying an organic cause of his psychosis. This case presents a rare complication of glycogen storage disease: organic psychosis attributable to cortical atrophy from profound hypoglycaemic insult. It emphasises the importance of investigating organic causes of psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarekegn Geberhiwot
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of BIrmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rowena Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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53
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Wright M, Chandrakasan S, Okou DT, Yin H, Jurickova I, Denson LA, Kugathasan S. Early Onset Granulomatous Colitis Associated with a Mutation in NCF4 Resolved with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. J Pediatr 2019; 210:220-225. [PMID: 31027832 PMCID: PMC8415091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A 4-year-old boy presented with perianal abscess and granulomatous colitis, which led the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. He became refractory to all available therapies and required colectomy. Targeted sequencing revealed a deleterious variant in NCF4, causing severe neutrophil dysfunction. He underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with an excellent outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Wright
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Shanmuganathan Chandrakasan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA;,Pediatric Institute, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - David T. Okou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Hong Yin
- Pediatric Institute, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA;,Department of pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ingrid Jurickova
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Lee A. Denson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Subra Kugathasan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Pediatric Institute, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA.
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54
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Waskowicz LR, Zhou J, Landau DJ, Brooks ED, Lim A, Yavarow ZA, Kudo T, Zhang H, Wu Y, Grant S, Young SP, Huat BB, Yen PM, Koeberl DD. Bezafibrate induces autophagy and improves hepatic lipid metabolism in glycogen storage disease type Ia. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:143-154. [PMID: 30256948 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphatase α (G6Pase) deficiency, also known as von Gierke's Disease or Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia), is characterized by decreased ability of the liver to convert glucose-6-phosphate to glucose leading to glycogen accumulation and hepatosteatosis. Long-term complications of GSD Ia include hepatic adenomas and carcinomas, in association with the suppression of autophagy in the liver. The G6pc-/- mouse and canine models for GSD Ia were treated with the pan-peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor agonist, bezafibrate, to determine the drug's effect on liver metabolism and function. Hepatic glycogen and triglyceride concentrations were measured and western blotting was performed to investigate pathways affected by the treatment. Bezafibrate decreased liver triglyceride and glycogen concentrations and partially reversed the autophagy defect previously demonstrated in GSD Ia models. Changes in medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase expression and acylcarnintine flux suggested that fatty acid oxidation was increased and fatty acid synthase expression associated with lipogenesis was decreased in G6pc-/- mice treated with bezafibrate. In summary, bezafibrate induced autophagy in the liver while increasing fatty acid oxidation and decreasing lipogenesis in G6pc-/- mice. It represents a potential therapy for glycogen overload and hepatosteatosis associated with GSD Ia, with beneficial effects that have implications for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Waskowicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jin Zhou
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dustin J Landau
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Brooks
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Lim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zollie A Yavarow
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tsubasa Kudo
- Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yajun Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stuart Grant
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah P Young
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bay Boon Huat
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul M Yen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dwight D Koeberl
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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55
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Mutational spectrum and identification of five novel mutations in G6PC1 gene from a cohort of Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1a. Gene 2019; 700:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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56
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CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of SLC37A4 gene elucidates the role of molecular markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in renal involvement in glycogen storage disease type Ib. Gene 2019; 703:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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57
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In vitro and in vivo translational models for rare liver diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1003-1018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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58
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Szymańska E, Jóźwiak-Dzięcielewska DA, Gronek J, Niewczas M, Czarny W, Rokicki D, Gronek P. Hepatic glycogen storage diseases: pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and therapeutic management. Arch Med Sci 2019; 17:304-313. [PMID: 33747265 PMCID: PMC7959092 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.83063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are genetically determined metabolic diseases that cause disorders of glycogen metabolism in the body. Due to the enzymatic defect at some stage of glycogenolysis/glycogenesis, excess glycogen or its pathologic forms are stored in the body tissues. The first symptoms of the disease usually appear during the first months of life and are thus the domain of pediatricians. Due to the fairly wide access of the authors to unpublished materials and research, as well as direct contact with the GSD patients, the article addresses the problem of actual diagnostic procedures for patients with the suspected diseases. Knowledge and awareness of the problem among physicians seem insufficient, and research on the diagnosis and treatment of GSD is still ongoing, resulting in a heterogeneous GSD typology and a changing way of its diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Szymańska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Disorders and Pediatrics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Gronek
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Gymnastics and Dance, University School of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Niewczas
- Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Czarny
- Department of Human Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Dariusz Rokicki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Disorders and Pediatrics, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Gronek
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Gymnastics and Dance, University School of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland
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59
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Siddiqa A, Cirillo E, Tareen SHK, Ali A, Kutmon M, Eijssen LMT, Ahmad J, Evelo CT, Coort SL. Biological Pathways Leading From ANGPTL8 to Diabetes Mellitus-A Co-expression Network Based Analysis. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1841. [PMID: 30627105 PMCID: PMC6309236 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) is a newly identified hormone with unique nature due to its ability to regulate both glucose and lipid metabolic pathways. It is characterized as an important molecular player of insulin induced nutrient storage and utilization pathway during fasting to re-feeding metabolic transition. Several studies have contributed to increase our knowledge regarding its function and mechanism of action. Moreover, its altered expression levels have been observed in Insulin Resistance, Diabetes Mellitus (Types I & II) and Non Alcohlic Fatty Liver Disease emphasizing its assessment as a drug target. However, there is still a great deal of information that remains to be investigated including its associated biological processes, partner proteins in these processes, its regulators and its association with metabolic pathogenesis. In the current study, the analysis of a transcriptomic data set was performed for functional assessment of ANGPTL8 in liver. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis coupled with pathway analysis tools was performed to identify genes that are significantly co-expressed with ANGPTL8 in liver and investigate their presence in biological pathways. Gene ontology term enrichment analysis was performed to select the gene ontology classes that over-represent the hepatic ANGPTL8-co-expressed genes. Moreover, the presence of diabetes linked SNPs within the genes set co-expressed with ANGPTL8 was investigated. The co-expressed genes of ANGPTL8 identified in this study (n = 460) provides narrowed down list of molecular targets which are either co-regulated with it and/or might be regulation partners at different levels of interaction. These results are coherent with previously demonstrated roles and regulators of ANGPTL8. Specifically, thirteen co-expressed genes (MAPK8, CYP3A4, PIK3R2, PIK3R4,PRKAB2, G6PC, MAP3K11, FLOT1, PIK3C2G, SHC1, SLC16A2, and RAPGEF1) are also present in the literature curated pathway of ANGPTL8 (WP39151). Moreover, the gene-SNP analysis of highly associated biological processes with ANGPTL8 revealed significant genetic signals associated to Diabetes Mellitus and similar phenotypic traits. It provides meaningful insights on the influencing genes involved and co-expressed in these pathways. Findings of this study have implications in functional characterization of ANGPTL8 with emphasis on the identified genes and pathways and their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus and Insulin Resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnah Siddiqa
- Research Centre for Modeling and Simulation, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elisa Cirillo
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Samar H K Tareen
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology(MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Amjad Ali
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Martina Kutmon
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology(MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lars M T Eijssen
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Research Centre for Modeling and Simulation, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Chris T Evelo
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology(MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Susan L Coort
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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60
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Gjorgjieva M, Calderaro J, Monteillet L, Silva M, Raffin M, Brevet M, Romestaing C, Roussel D, Zucman-Rossi J, Mithieux G, Rajas F. Dietary exacerbation of metabolic stress leads to accelerated hepatic carcinogenesis in glycogen storage disease type Ia. J Hepatol 2018; 69:1074-1087. [PMID: 30193922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSDIa) is a rare genetic disease associated with glycogen accumulation in hepatocytes and steatosis. With age, most adult patients with GSDIa develop hepatocellular adenomas (HCA), which can progress to hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). In this study, we characterized metabolic reprogramming and cellular defense alterations during tumorigenesis in the liver of hepatocyte-specific G6pc deficient (L.G6pc-/-) mice, which develop all the hepatic hallmarks of GSDIa. METHODS Liver metabolism and cellular defenses were assessed at pretumoral (four months) and tumoral (nine months) stages in L.G6pc-/- mice fed a high fat/high sucrose (HF/HS) diet. RESULTS In response to HF/HS diet, hepatocarcinogenesis was highly accelerated since 85% of L.G6pc-/- mice developed multiple hepatic tumors after nine months, with 70% classified as HCA and 30% as HCC. Tumor development was associated with high expression of malignancy markers of HCC, i.e. alpha-fetoprotein, glypican 3 and β-catenin. In addition, L.G6pc-/- livers exhibited loss of tumor suppressors. Interestingly, L.G6pc-/- steatosis exhibited a low-inflammatory state and was less pronounced than in wild-type livers. This was associated with an absence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis, while HCA/HCC showed a partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the absence of TGF-β1 increase. In HCA/HCC, glycolysis was characterized by a marked expression of PK-M2, decreased mitochondrial OXPHOS and a decrease of pyruvate entry in the mitochondria, confirming a "Warburg-like" phenotype. These metabolic alterations led to a decrease in antioxidant defenses and autophagy and chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress in L.G6pc-/- livers and tumors. Interestingly, autophagy was reactivated in HCA/HCC. CONCLUSION The metabolic remodeling in L.G6pc-/- liver generates a preneoplastic status and leads to a loss of cellular defenses and tumor suppressors that facilitates tumor development in GSDI. LAY SUMMARY Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD1a) is a rare metabolic disease characterized by hypoglycemia, steatosis, excessive glycogen accumulation and tumor development in the liver. In this study, we have observed that GSDIa livers reprogram their metabolism in a similar way to cancer cells, which facilitates tumor formation and progression, in the absence of hepatic fibrosis. Moreover, hepatic burden due to overload of glycogen and lipids in the cells leads to a decrease in cellular defenses, such as autophagy, which could further promote tumorigenesis in the case of GSDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gjorgjieva
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008 France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne F-69622 France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Inserm UMR-1162, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Paris, France; Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France; APHP, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux-de-Paris, Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil F-94010, France
| | - Laure Monteillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008 France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne F-69622 France
| | - Marine Silva
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008 France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne F-69622 France
| | - Margaux Raffin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008 France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne F-69622 France
| | - Marie Brevet
- Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008 France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne F-69622 France; Service de Pathologie Lyon Est, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Lyon, Lyon F-69437, France
| | - Caroline Romestaing
- Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008 France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne F-69622 France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5023, Villeurbanne F-69622 France
| | - Damien Roussel
- Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008 France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne F-69622 France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 5023, Villeurbanne F-69622 France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Inserm UMR-1162, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Paris, France; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008 France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne F-69622 France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008 France; Université Lyon I, Villeurbanne F-69622 France.
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61
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Biosse Duplan M, Hubert A, Le Norcy E, Louzoun A, Perry A, Chaussain C, Labrune P. Dental and periodontal manifestations of glycogen storage diseases: a case series of 60 patients. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:947-953. [PMID: 29663268 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are rare genetic disorders of glycogen metabolism where the liver, kidneys, respiratory and cardiac muscles, as well as the immune and skeletal systems can be affected. Oral manifestations can also be present, but the specificity and frequency of these manifestations in the different forms of GSD are unknown. Analysis of a case series of 60 patients presenting four types of GSD (Ia, Ib, III, and IX) showed that the different types of GSDs have common and specific oral manifestations. In none of the GSD types studied, the prevalence of caries was higher than in the general population, especially in patients benefiting from current nutritional therapy, while in all GSD types the prevalence of delayed tooth eruption, agenesis, and tooth shape abnormalities was increased compared to the general population. Severe periodontitis prevalence was increased in patients with GSD Ib and neutropenia. Our results show that GSDs have oral manifestations and suggest some specificity depending on the type of GSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Biosse Duplan
- Service de Médecine Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Bretonneau, HUPNVS, AP-HP, 23 rue Joseph de Maistre, 75018, Paris, France.
- UFR Odontologie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme Hépatique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, HUPS, AP-HP, Clamart, France.
| | - Aurélie Hubert
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme Hépatique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, HUPS, AP-HP, Clamart, France
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, HUPS, AP-HP, Clamart, France
| | - Elvire Le Norcy
- Service de Médecine Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Bretonneau, HUPNVS, AP-HP, 23 rue Joseph de Maistre, 75018, Paris, France
- UFR Odontologie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Alice Louzoun
- Service de Médecine Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Bretonneau, HUPNVS, AP-HP, 23 rue Joseph de Maistre, 75018, Paris, France
- UFR Odontologie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Ariane Perry
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme Hépatique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, HUPS, AP-HP, Clamart, France
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, HUPS, AP-HP, Clamart, France
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- Service de Médecine Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Bretonneau, HUPNVS, AP-HP, 23 rue Joseph de Maistre, 75018, Paris, France
- UFR Odontologie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Labrune
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme Hépatique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, HUPS, AP-HP, Clamart, France
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, HUPS, AP-HP, Clamart, France
- Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
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Gjorgjieva M, Monteillet L, Calderaro J, Mithieux G, Rajas F. Polycystic kidney features of the renal pathology in glycogen storage disease type I: possible evolution to renal neoplasia. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:955-963. [PMID: 29869165 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type I (GSDI) is a rare genetic pathology characterized by glucose-6 phosphatase (G6Pase) deficiency, translating in hypoglycemia during short fasts. Besides metabolic perturbations, GSDI patients develop long-term complications, especially chronic kidney disease (CKD). In GSDI patients, CKD is characterized by an accumulation of glycogen and lipids in kidneys, leading to a gradual decline in renal function. At a molecular level, the activation of the renin-angiotensin system is responsible for the development of renal fibrosis, eventually leading to renal failure. The same CKD phenotype was observed in a mouse model with a kidney-specific G6Pase deficiency (K.G6pc-/- mice). Furthermore, GSDI patients and mice develop frequently renal cysts at late stages of the nephropathy, classifying GSDI as a potential polycystic kidney disease (PKD). PKDs are genetic disorders characterized by multiple renal cyst formation, frequently caused by the loss of expression of polycystic kidney genes, such as PKD1/2 and PKHD1. Interestingly, these genes are deregulated in K.G6pc-/- kidneys, suggesting their possible role in GSDI cystogenesis. Finally, renal cysts are known to predispose to renal malignancy development. In addition, HNF1B loss is a malignancy prediction factor. Interestingly, Hnf1b expression was decreased in K.G6pc-/- kidneys. While a single case of renal cancer has been reported in a GSDI patient, a clear cell renal carcinoma was recently observed in one K.G6pc-/- mouse (out of 36 studied mice) at a later stage of the disease. This finding highlights the need to further analyze renal cyst development in GSDI patients in order to evaluate the possible associated risk of carcinogenesis, even if the risk might be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gjorgjieva
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche by Inserm, U1213, 69008, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laure Monteillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche by Inserm, U1213, 69008, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Inserm UMR-1162, Université Paris Descartes, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
- APHP, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux-de-Paris, Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche by Inserm, U1213, 69008, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche by Inserm, U1213, 69008, Lyon, France.
- Université de Lyon, 69008, Lyon, France.
- Université Lyon1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
- Inserm U1213, Université Lyon 1 Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
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Monteillet L, Gjorgjieva M, Silva M, Verzieux V, Imikirene L, Duchampt A, Guillou H, Mithieux G, Rajas F. Intracellular lipids are an independent cause of liver injury and chronic kidney disease in non alcoholic fatty liver disease-like context. Mol Metab 2018; 16:100-115. [PMID: 30100243 PMCID: PMC6157648 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver and kidneys is a hallmark of metabolic diseases leading to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Moreover, recent data have highlighted a strong correlation between NAFLD and CKD incidences. In this study, we use two mouse models of hepatic steatosis or CKD, each initiated independently of the other upon the suppression of glucose production specifically in the liver or kidneys, to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the development of CKD in the context of NAFLD-like pathology. Methods Mice with a deletion of G6pc, encoding glucose-6 phosphatase catalytic subunit, specifically in the liver (L.G6pc−/− mice) or the kidneys (K.G6pc−/− mice), were fed with either a standard diet or a high fat/high sucrose (HF/HS) diet during 9 months. These mice represent two original models of a rare metabolic disease named Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia (GSDIa) that is characterized by both NAFLD-like pathology and CKD. Two other groups of L.G6pc−/− and K.G6pc−/− mice were fed a standard diet for 6 months and then treated with fenofibrate for 3 months. Lipid and glucose metabolisms were characterized, and NAFLD-like and CKD damages were evaluated. Results Lipid depot exacerbation upon high-calorie diet strongly accelerated hepatic and renal pathologies induced by the G6pc-deficiency. In L.G6pc−/− mice, HF/HS diet increased liver injuries, characterized by higher levels of plasmatic transaminases and increased hepatic tumor incidence. In K.G6pc−/− mice, HF/HS diet increased urinary albumin and lipocalin 2 excretion and aggravated renal fibrosis. In both cases, the worsening of NAFLD-like injuries and CKD was independent of glycogen content. Furthermore, fenofibrate, via the activation of lipid oxidation significantly decreased the hepatic or renal lipid accumulations and prevented liver or kidney damages in L.G6pc−/− and K.G6pc−/− mice, respectively. Finally, we show that L.G6pc−/− mice and K.G6pc−/− mice developed NAFLD-like pathology and CKD independently. Conclusions This study highlights the crucial role that lipids play in the independent development of both NAFLD and CKD and demonstrates the importance of lipid-lowering treatments in various metabolic diseases featured by lipid load, from the “rare” GSDIa to the “epidemic” morbid obesity or type 2 diabetes. Exacerbating lipid accumulation aggravates liver/kidney injury in GSDI. Fenofibrate-mediated PPARα activation induces hepatic and renal lipid turnover. Increased lipid turnover prevents glycogen synthesis and accumulation. PPARα–mediated metabolic reprograming prevents hepatic and renal GSDI complications. NAFLD and CKD develop independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Monteillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
| | - Monika Gjorgjieva
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
| | - Marine Silva
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
| | - Vincent Verzieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
| | - Linda Imikirene
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
| | - Adeline Duchampt
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, 31027, France.
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France; Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.
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Mandl J, Bánhegyi G. The ER - Glycogen Particle - Phagophore Triangle: A Hub Connecting Glycogenolysis and Glycophagy? Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 24:821-826. [PMID: 29981013 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen particle is an intracellular organelle, which serves as a carbohydrate reserve in various cells. The function of glycogen is not entirely known in several cell types. Glycogen can be mobilized for different purposes, which can be related to cellular metabolic needs, intracellular redox state, metabolic state of the whole organism depending on regulatory aspects and also on cell functions. Essentially there are two different ways of glycogen degradation localized in different cellular organelles: glycogenolysis or lysosomal breakdown by acid alpha-glucosidase. While glycogenolysis occurs in glycogen particles connected to endoplasmic reticulum membrane, glycogen particles can be also combined with phagophores forming autophagosomes. A subdomain of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane - omegasomes - are the sites for phagophore formation. Thus, three organelles, the endoplasmic reticulum, the phagophore and the glycogen particle forms a triangle in which glycogen degradation occurs. The physiological significance, molecular logic and regulation of the two different catabolic paths are summarized and discussed with special aspect on the role of glycogen particles in intracellular organelle homeostasis and on molecular pathology of the cell. Pathological aspects and some diseases connected to the two different degradation pathways of glycogen particles are also detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Mandl
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Zhen YF, Zhang YJ, Zhao H, Ma HJ, Song GY. MicroRNA-802 regulates hepatic insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:2440-2449. [PMID: 31938356 PMCID: PMC6958293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The expression level of microRNA-802 (miR-802) is increased in livers of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and obese human subjects; however, the function of miR-802 in the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance remains incompletely understood. Here we studied the potential role of miR-802 in regulating hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Mice were fed either a standard chow diet or HFD for 12 weeks, and then the HFD mice were infected by injection with an adeno-associated virus expressing miR-802 or miR-802-SP. Six weeks after the injection, we measured blood glucose, plasma insulin, and insulin sensitivity in the mice. In addition, hepatic glucose levels and PI3K-Akt pathway gene expression were analyzed. Adeno-associated viral-mediated overexpression of miR-802 in the livers of HFD mice caused impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, thus giving rise to decreased protein level of pAkts473 and pPI3K, and increased protein levels of pPTEN, G6PC, and GluT2. In contrast, loss of miR-802 function in the liver of HFD mice led to increased pAkts473 and pPI3K, and decreased levels of pPTEN, G6PC, and GluT2, thereby improving glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Our findings confirmed MiR-802 as a regulator of liver glucose metabolism and insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Feng Zhen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General HospitalShijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yun-Jia Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hui-Juan Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Department of Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, Hebei General HospitalShijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Guang-Yao Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General HospitalShijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
- Department of Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease, Hebei General HospitalShijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
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Abstract
Technologies such as next-generation sequencing and chromosomal microarray have advanced the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of a variety of renal disorders. Genetic findings are increasingly used to inform the clinical management of many nephropathies, enabling targeted disease surveillance, choice of therapy, and family counselling. Genetic analysis has excellent diagnostic utility in paediatric nephrology, as illustrated by sequencing studies of patients with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Although additional investigation is needed, pilot studies suggest that genetic testing can also provide similar diagnostic insight among adult patients. Reaching a genetic diagnosis first involves choosing the appropriate testing modality, as guided by the clinical presentation of the patient and the number of potential genes associated with the suspected nephropathy. Genome-wide sequencing increases diagnostic sensitivity relative to targeted panels, but holds the challenges of identifying causal variants in the vast amount of data generated and interpreting secondary findings. In order to realize the promise of genomic medicine for kidney disease, many technical, logistical, and ethical questions that accompany the implementation of genetic testing in nephrology must be addressed. The creation of evidence-based guidelines for the utilization and implementation of genetic testing in nephrology will help to translate genetic knowledge into improved clinical outcomes for patients with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Groopman
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1150 Saint Nicholas Avenue, Russ Berrie Pavilion #412C, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Hila Milo Rasouly
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1150 Saint Nicholas Avenue, Russ Berrie Pavilion #412C, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Ali G Gharavi
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1150 Saint Nicholas Avenue, Russ Berrie Pavilion #412C, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Roseman DS, Khan T, Rajas F, Jun LS, Asrani KH, Isaacs C, Farelli JD, Subramanian RR. G6PC mRNA Therapy Positively Regulates Fasting Blood Glucose and Decreases Liver Abnormalities in a Mouse Model of Glycogen Storage Disease 1a. Mol Ther 2018; 26:814-821. [PMID: 29428299 PMCID: PMC5910675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD1a) is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by the deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). GSD1a is associated with life-threatening hypoglycemia and long-term liver and renal complications. We examined the efficacy of mRNA-encoding human G6Pase in a liver-specific G6Pase−/− mouse model (L-G6PC−/−) that exhibits the same hepatic biomarkers associated with GSD1a patients, such as fasting hypoglycemia, and elevated levels of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), glycogen, and triglycerides. We show that a single systemic injection of wild-type or native human G6PC mRNA results in significant improvements in fasting blood glucose levels for up to 7 days post-dose. These changes were associated with significant reductions in liver mass, hepatic G6P, glycogen, and triglycerides. In addition, an engineered protein variant of human G6Pase, designed for increased duration of expression, showed superior efficacy to the wild-type sequence by maintaining improved fasting blood glucose levels and reductions in liver mass for up to 12 days post-dose. Our results demonstrate for the first time the effectiveness of mRNA therapy as a potential treatment in reversing the hepatic abnormalities associated with GSD1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Roseman
- Discovery Research, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 75 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tayeba Khan
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 33 Hayden Avenue, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- INSERM U1213, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lucy S Jun
- Biomarkers, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 100 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kirtika H Asrani
- Discovery Research, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 75 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Cleo Isaacs
- Discovery Research, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 75 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeremiah D Farelli
- Discovery Research, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 75 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Romesh R Subramanian
- Discovery Research, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 75 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Skakic A, Djordjevic M, Sarajlija A, Klaassen K, Tosic N, Kecman B, Ugrin M, Spasovski V, Pavlovic S, Stojiljkovic M. Genetic characterization of GSD I in Serbian population revealed unexpectedly high incidence of GSD Ib and 3 novel SLC37A4 variants. Clin Genet 2017; 93:350-355. [PMID: 28685844 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type I is inborn metabolic disease characterized by accumulation of glycogen in multiple organs. We analyzed 38 patients with clinical suspicion of GSD I using Sanger and next-generation sequencing (NGS). We identified 28 GSD Ib and 5 GSD Ia patients. In 5 patients, GSD III, VI, IX, cholesteryl-ester storage disease and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome diagnoses were set using NGS. Incidences for GSD Ia and GSD Ib were estimated at 1:172 746 and 1:60 461 live-births, respectively. Two variants were identified in G6PC gene: c.247C>T (p.Arg83Cys) and c.518T>C (p.Leu173Pro). In SLC37A4 gene, 6 variants were detected. Three previously reported variants c.81T>A (p.Asn27Lys), c.162C>A (p.Ser54Arg) and c.1042_1043delCT (p.Leu348Valfs*53) accounted for 87% of all analyzed alleles. Computational, transcription studies and/or clinical presentation in patients confirmed pathogenic effect of 3 novel variants: c.248G>A (p.Gly83Glu), c.404G>A (p.Gly135Asp) and c.785G>A (p.Ser263Glyfs*33 or p.Gly262Asp). In the cohort, hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia and failure to thrive were the most frequent presenting signs of GSD Ia, while hepatomegaly and recurrent bacterial infections were clinical hallmarks of GSD Ib. All GSD Ib patients developed neutropenia while 20.6% developed inflammatory bowel disease. Our study revealed the highest worldwide incidence of GSD Ib. Furthermore, description of 3 novel variants will facilitate medical genetic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Skakic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Djordjevic
- Metabolic Department, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Sarajlija
- Metabolic Department, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - K Klaassen
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - N Tosic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - B Kecman
- Metabolic Department, Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia "Dr Vukan Cupic", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Ugrin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - V Spasovski
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Pavlovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Stojiljkovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Cohn A, Ohri A. Diabetes mellitus in a patient with glycogen storage disease type Ia: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2017; 11:319. [PMID: 29127952 PMCID: PMC5682031 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-017-1462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycogen storage disease type Ia is a genetic disorder that is associated with persistent fasting hypoglycemia and the inability to produce endogenous glucose. The development of diabetes with glycogen storage disease is exceedingly rare. The underlying pathogenesis for developing diabetes in these patients is unclear, and there are no guidelines for treatment. CASE PRESENTATION We describe a case of a 34-year-old woman of South Asian descent with glycogen storage disease type Ia, who developed uncontrolled diabetes mellitus as a young adult. Hyperglycemia was noted after childbirth, and worsened years later. Treatment for diabetes was difficult due to risks of hypoglycemia from her underlying glycogen storage disease. With minimal hypoglycemic events, the patient's blood glucose improved with exercise in combination with a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor and an alpha glucosidase inhibitor. CONCLUSION We report a rare case of diabetes in the setting of glycogen storage disease-Ia. Based on the literature, there appears to be a relationship between glycogen storage disease and metabolic syndrome, which likely plays a role in the pathogenesis. The management of glycemic control remains a clinical challenge, requiring management of both fasting hypoglycemia from glycogen storage disease, as well as post-prandial hyperglycemia from diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva Cohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 1 RWJ Place, MEB 486 PO Box 19, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
| | - Anupam Ohri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 1 RWJ Place, MEB 486 PO Box 19, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
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Peacock ME, Arce RM, Cutler CW. Periodontal and other oral manifestations of immunodeficiency diseases. Oral Dis 2017; 23:866-888. [PMID: 27630012 PMCID: PMC5352551 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The list of immunodeficiency diseases grows each year as novel disorders are discovered, classified, and sometimes reclassified due to our ever-increasing knowledge of immune system function. Although the number of patients with secondary immunodeficiencies (SIDs) greatly exceeds those with primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs), the prevalence of both appears to be on the rise probably because of scientific breakthroughs that facilitate earlier and more accurate diagnosis. Primary immunodeficiencies in adults are not as rare as once thought. Globally, the main causes of secondary immunodeficiency are HIV infection and nutritional insufficiencies. Persons with acquired immune disorders such as AIDS caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are now living long and fulfilling lives as a result of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Irrespective of whether the patient's immune-deficient state is a consequence of a genetic defect or is secondary in nature, dental and medical practitioners must be aware of the constant potential for infections and/or expressions of autoimmunity in these individuals. The purpose of this review was to study the most common conditions resulting from primary and secondary immunodeficiency states, how they are classified, and the detrimental manifestations of these disorders on the periodontal and oral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Peacock
- Associate Professor, Departments of Periodontics, Oral Biology
| | - Roger M. Arce
- Assistant Professor, Departments of Periodontics, Oral Biology
| | - Christopher W Cutler
- Professor, Departments of Periodontics, Oral Biology; Chair, Department of Periodontics, Associate Dean for Research, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University
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Peeks F, Steunenberg TAH, de Boer F, Rubio-Gozalbo ME, Williams M, Burghard R, Rajas F, Oosterveer MH, Weinstein DA, Derks TGJ. Clinical and biochemical heterogeneity between patients with glycogen storage disease type IA: the added value of CUSUM for metabolic control. J Inherit Metab Dis 2017; 40:695-702. [PMID: 28397058 PMCID: PMC5579135 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study heterogeneity between patients with glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia), a rare inherited disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by the deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). STUDY DESIGN Descriptive retrospective study of longitudinal clinical and biochemical data and long-term complications in 20 GSD Ia patients. We included 11 patients with homozygous G6PC mutations and siblings from four families carrying identical G6PC genotypes. To display subtle variations for repeated triglyceride measurements with respect to time for individual patients, CUSUM-analysis graphs were constructed. RESULTS Patients with different homozygous G6PC mutations showed important differences in height, BMI, and biochemical parameters (i.e., lactate, uric acid, triglyceride, and cholesterol concentrations). Furthermore, CUSUM-analysis predicts and displays subtle changes in longitudinal blood triglyceride concentrations. Siblings in families also displayed important differences in biochemical parameters (i.e., lactate, uric acid, triglycerides, and cholesterol concentrations) and long-term complications (i.e., liver adenomas, nephropathy, and osteopenia/osteoporosis). CONCLUSIONS Differences between GSD Ia patients reflect large clinical and biochemical heterogeneity. Heterogeneity between GSD Ia patients with homozygous G6PC mutations indicate an important role of the G6PC genotype/mutations. Differences between affected siblings suggest an additional role (genetic and/or environmental) of modifying factors defining the GSD Ia phenotype. CUSUM-analysis can facilitate single-patient monitoring of metabolic control and future application of this method may improve precision medicine for patients both with GSD and remaining inherited metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Peeks
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30 001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas A H Steunenberg
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30 001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Foekje de Boer
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30 001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - M Estela Rubio-Gozalbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Monique Williams
- Erasmus MC-Sophia Kinderziekenhuis, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1213, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Maaike H Oosterveer
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - David A Weinstein
- Glycogen Storage Disease Program, University of Connecticut School of Medicine and Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Terry G J Derks
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30 001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands.
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Yorifuji T, Horikawa R, Hasegawa T, Adachi M, Soneda S, Minagawa M, Ida S, Yonekura T, Kinoshita Y, Kanamori Y, Kitagawa H, Shinkai M, Sasaki H, Nio M. Clinical practice guidelines for congenital hyperinsulinism. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2017; 26:127-152. [PMID: 28804205 PMCID: PMC5537210 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.26.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hyperinsulinism is a rare condition, and following recent advances in
diagnosis and treatment, it was considered necessary to formulate evidence-based clinical
practice guidelines reflecting the most recent progress, to guide the practice of
neonatologists, pediatric endocrinologists, general pediatricians, and pediatric surgeons.
These guidelines cover a range of aspects, including general features of congenital
hyperinsulinism, diagnostic criteria and tools for diagnosis, first- and second-line
medical treatment, criteria for and details of surgical treatment, and future
perspectives. These guidelines were generated as a collaborative effort between The
Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and The Japanese Society of Pediatric
Surgeons, and followed the official procedures of guideline generation to identify
important clinical questions, perform a systematic literature review (April 2016), assess
the evidence level of each paper, formulate the guidelines, and obtain public
comments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Yorifuji
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Reiko Horikawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masanori Adachi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shun Soneda
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Shinobu Ida
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Endocrinology, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeo Yonekura
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nara Hospital, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kinoshita
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kanamori
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kitagawa
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masato Shinkai
- Department of Surgery, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sasaki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masaki Nio
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
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73
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Marandel L, Panserat S, Plagnes-Juan E, Arbenoits E, Soengas JL, Bobe J. Evolutionary history of glucose-6-phosphatase encoding genes in vertebrate lineages: towards a better understanding of the functions of multiple duplicates. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:342. [PMID: 28464795 PMCID: PMC5414149 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose-6-phosphate (G6pc) is a key enzyme involved in the regulation of the glucose homeostasis. The present study aims at revisiting and clarifying the evolutionary history of g6pc genes in vertebrates. Results g6pc duplications happened by successive rounds of whole genome duplication that occurred during vertebrate evolution. g6pc duplicated before or around Osteichthyes/Chondrichthyes radiation, giving rise to g6pca and g6pcb as a consequence of the second vertebrate whole genome duplication. g6pca was lost after this duplication in Sarcopterygii whereas both g6pca and g6pcb then duplicated as a consequence of the teleost-specific whole genome duplication. One g6pca duplicate was lost after this duplication in teleosts. Similarly one g6pcb2 duplicate was lost at least in the ancestor of percomorpha. The analysis of the evolution of spatial expression patterns of g6pc genes in vertebrates showed that all g6pc were mainly expressed in intestine and liver whereas teleost-specific g6pcb2 genes were mainly and surprisingly expressed in brain and heart. g6pcb2b, one gene previously hypothesised to be involved in the glucose intolerant phenotype in trout, was unexpectedly up-regulated (as it was in liver) by carbohydrates in trout telencephalon without showing significant changes in other brain regions. This up-regulation is in striking contrast with expected glucosensing mechanisms suggesting that its positive response to glucose relates to specific unknown processes in this brain area. Conclusions Our results suggested that the fixation and the divergence of g6pc duplicated genes during vertebrates’ evolution may lead to adaptive novelty and probably to the emergence of novel phenotypes related to glucose homeostasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3727-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Marandel
- INRA, UPPA, UMR 1419 Nutrition, Metabolism, Aquaculture, F-64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France.
| | - Stéphane Panserat
- INRA, UPPA, UMR 1419 Nutrition, Metabolism, Aquaculture, F-64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Elisabeth Plagnes-Juan
- INRA, UPPA, UMR 1419 Nutrition, Metabolism, Aquaculture, F-64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Eva Arbenoits
- INRA, UPPA, UMR 1419 Nutrition, Metabolism, Aquaculture, F-64310, Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - José Luis Soengas
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Julien Bobe
- INRA, UR1037 LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35000, Rennes, France
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74
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Clinical and Molecular Characterization of Patients with Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphatase Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040857. [PMID: 28420223 PMCID: PMC5412439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive inherited disease caused by the mutation of the FBP1 gene, the incidence is estimated to be between 1/350,000 and 1/900,000. The symptoms of affected individuals are non-specific and are easily confused with other metabolic disorders. The present study describes the clinical features of four Chinese pediatric patients who presented with hypoglycemia, hyperlactacidemia, metabolic acidosis, and hyperuricemia. Targeted-next generation sequencing using the Agilent SureSelect XT Inherited Disease Panel was used to screen for causal variants in the genome, and the clinically-relevant variants were subsequently verified using Sanger sequencing. Here, DNA sequencing identified six variations of the FBP1 gene (NM_000507.3) in the four patients. In Case 1, we found a compound heterozygous mutations of c.704delC (p.Pro235GlnfsX42) (novel) and c.960_961insG (p.Ser321Valfs) (known pathogenic). In Case 2, we found a compound heterozygous mutations of c.825 + 1G>A and c.960_961insG (both were known pathogenically). In Case 3, a homozygous missense mutation of c.355G>A (p.Asp119Asn) (reported in ClinVar database without functional study) was found. Case 4 had a compound heterozygous mutations c.720_729del (p.Tyr241GlyfsX33) (novel) and c.490G>A (p.Gly164Ser) (known pathogenically). Further in vitro studies in the COS-7cell line demonstrated that the mutation of ASP119ASN had no impact on protein expression, but decreased the enzyme activity, and with which the clinical significance of Asp119Asn can be determined to be likely pathogenic. This report not only expands upon the known spectrum of variation of the FBP1 gene, but also deepens our understanding of the clinical features of FBPase deficiency.
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75
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Wang T, Xu D, Fan Q, Rong W, Zheng J, Gao C, Li G, Zeng N, Guo T, Zeng L, Wang F, Xiao C, Cai L, Tang S, Deng X, Yin X, Huang M, Lu F, Hu Q, Chen W, Huang Z, Wang Q. 1,2-Dichloroethane impairs glucose and lipid homeostasis in the livers of NIH Swiss mice. Toxicology 2017; 380:38-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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76
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Mahmoud SK, Khorrami A, Rafeey M, Ghergherehchi R, Sima MD. Molecular analysis of glycogen storage disease type Ia in Iranian Azeri Turks: identification of a novel mutation. J Genet 2017; 96:19-23. [PMID: 28360385 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are caused by abnormalities in enzymes that are involved in the regulation of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. GSD I, an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder, is the most common GSD and has four subtypes. Here, we examined GSD Ia caused by the defective glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic (G6PC) gene. We investigated the frequency of GSD Ia and clarified its molecular aspect in patients with the main clinical and biochemical characteristics of GSD, including 37 unrelated patients with a mean age of three years at the time of diagnosis. All patients belonged to the Azeri Turkish population. Hypoglycaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia were the most frequent laboratory findings. Mutations were detected by performing direct sequencing. Mutation analysis of the G6PC gene revealed that GSD Ia accounted for 11% in GSD patients with involvement of liver. Three patients were homozygous for R83C mutation. In addition, a novel stop mutation, Y85X, was identified in a patient with the typical features of GSD Ia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekari Khaniani Mahmoud
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166/15731, Iran.
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77
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Hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction is a feature of Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia (GSDIa). Sci Rep 2017; 7:44408. [PMID: 28317891 PMCID: PMC5357851 DOI: 10.1038/srep44408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSDIa, von Gierke disease) is the most common glycogen storage disorder. It is caused by the deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyses the final step of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Clinically, GSDIa is characterized by fasting hypoglycaemia and hepatic glycogen and triglyceride overaccumulation. The latter leads to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and the formation of hepatic adenomas and carcinomas. Currently, little is known about the function of various organelles and their impact on metabolism in GSDIa. Accordingly, we investigated mitochondrial function in cell culture and mouse models of GSDIa. We found impairments in oxidative phosphorylation and changes in TCA cycle metabolites, as well as decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and deranged mitochondrial ultra-structure in these model systems. Mitochondrial content also was decreased, likely secondary to decreased mitochondrial biogenesis. These deleterious effects culminated in the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Taken together, our results demonstrate a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of GSDIa, and identify a new potential target for the treatment of this disease. They also provide new insight into the role of carbohydrate overload on mitochondrial function in other hepatic diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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78
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Rivers E, Reynolds BC, Bunn S, Leech NJ, Straker J, Lambert HJ. Acute Pancreatitis Secondary to Severe Hypertriglyceridaemia in a Patient with Type 1a Glycogen Storage Disease: Emergent Use of Plasmapheresis. JIMD Rep 2017; 42:1-4. [DOI: 10.1007/8904_2017_64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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79
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dos Santos BB, Nalin T, Grokoski KC, Perry IDS, Refosco LF, Vairo FP, Souza CFM, Schwartz IVD. Nutritional Status and Body Composition in Patients With Hepatic Glycogen Storage Diseases Treated With Uncooked Cornstarch—A Controlled Study. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409817733014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna B. dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tatiéle Nalin
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Kamila C. Grokoski
- Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ingrid D. S. Perry
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lilia F. Refosco
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Filippo P. Vairo
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carolina F. M. Souza
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ida V. D. Schwartz
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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80
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Gjorgjieva M, Oosterveer MH, Mithieux G, Rajas F. Mechanisms by Which Metabolic Reprogramming in GSD1 Liver Generates a Favorable Tumorigenic Environment. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409816679429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gjorgjieva
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213 “Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain”, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maaike H. Oosterveer
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213 “Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain”, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213 “Nutrition, Diabetes and the Brain”, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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81
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Liver glucose metabolism in humans. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160385. [PMID: 27707936 PMCID: PMC5293555 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about normal hepatic glucose metabolism may help to understand pathogenic mechanisms underlying obesity and diabetes mellitus. In addition, liver glucose metabolism is involved in glycosylation reactions and connected with fatty acid metabolism. The liver receives dietary carbohydrates directly from the intestine via the portal vein. Glucokinase phosphorylates glucose to glucose 6-phosphate inside the hepatocyte, ensuring that an adequate flow of glucose enters the cell to be metabolized. Glucose 6-phosphate may proceed to several metabolic pathways. During the post-prandial period, most glucose 6-phosphate is used to synthesize glycogen via the formation of glucose 1-phosphate and UDP–glucose. Minor amounts of UDP–glucose are used to form UDP–glucuronate and UDP–galactose, which are donors of monosaccharide units used in glycosylation. A second pathway of glucose 6-phosphate metabolism is the formation of fructose 6-phosphate, which may either start the hexosamine pathway to produce UDP-N-acetylglucosamine or follow the glycolytic pathway to generate pyruvate and then acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA may enter the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to be oxidized or may be exported to the cytosol to synthesize fatty acids, when excess glucose is present within the hepatocyte. Finally, glucose 6-phosphate may produce NADPH and ribose 5-phosphate through the pentose phosphate pathway. Glucose metabolism supplies intermediates for glycosylation, a post-translational modification of proteins and lipids that modulates their activity. Congenital deficiency of phosphoglucomutase (PGM)-1 and PGM-3 is associated with impaired glycosylation. In addition to metabolize carbohydrates, the liver produces glucose to be used by other tissues, from glycogen breakdown or from de novo synthesis using primarily lactate and alanine (gluconeogenesis).
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82
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Recoverable, Record-High Lactic Acidosis in a Patient with Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1: A Mixed Type A and Type B Lactate Disorder. Case Rep Med 2016; 2016:4362743. [PMID: 27974893 PMCID: PMC5128688 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4362743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A 17-year-old patient with GSD type 1a (von Gierke disease) was hospitalized with an extremely elevated serum lactate following an intercurrent infection and interruption of his frequent intake of carbohydrates. The patient developed shock, oliguric renal failure, and cardiorespiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and inotropes. At the peak of metabolic decompensation and clinical instability, serum lactate reached a level of 47.6 mmol/L which was accompanied by a severe anion gap metabolic acidosis with a pH of 6.8 and bicarbonate of 4 meq/L. The patient was stabilized with massive infusions of sodium bicarbonate (45 meq/h) and glucose and recovered without the need for dialysis. This patient illustrates pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the development of extreme mixed type A and type B lactic acidemia, reflecting altered metabolic pathways in GSD type 1, combined with tissue hypoperfusion. The rationale for the specific interventions in this case is outlined.
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83
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Szili B, Görög D, Gerlei Z, Győri G, Lakatos P, Takács I. Rapid height growth after liver transplantation in adulthood. Growth Horm IGF Res 2016; 29:1-3. [PMID: 27041087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease Ib is a rare, inherited metabolic disorder caused by glucose-6-phosphatase translocase deficiency. Its main symptoms are hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, neutropenia, hepatomegaly, liver adenomas and short stature. The exact mechanism of short stature in this disease is unclear, the most feasible possibility is that it is caused by impairment of growth-hormone and insulin-like growth factor I axis. Here we report the case of a patient who showed typical symptoms of glycogen storage disease Ib since his infancy, his height being under 1 percentile since then. Later-developed hypothyroidism and hypogonadism have also contributed to his short stature. Hypothyroidism was treated but sexual steroid substitution was not started because of an increased risk of hepatic adenomas. Because he developed hepatic adenoma at the age of 23, he had to undergo orthotopic liver transplantation. At the time of the transplantation his height was 128cm. The transplantation was followed by rapid height growth; our patient's height reached 160.3cm 62months after transplantation. We observed that while his IGF-I level increased, his GH level remained unchanged. During the post-transplantation period we ensured adequate calcium and vitamin D supplementation, leaving hormonal substitution unchanged. According to our knowledge, this is the first report of a rapid height growth as big as 32cm, of an individual over the age of 20, not related to endocrine treatment but liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Szili
- Semmelweis University, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Korányi S. u. 2/A, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Dénes Görög
- Semmelweis University, Department of Transplantation Surgery, Baross u. 23-25, H-1082 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Gerlei
- Semmelweis University, Department of Transplantation Surgery, Baross u. 23-25, H-1082 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Győri
- Semmelweis University, Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Üllői út 78/A, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Péter Lakatos
- Semmelweis University, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Korányi S. u. 2/A, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - István Takács
- Semmelweis University, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Korányi S. u. 2/A, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary.
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84
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Wilke MVMB, de Kleine RH, Wietasch JKG, van Amerongen CCA, Blokzijl H, van Spronsen FJ, Schwartz IVD, Derks TGJ. Orthotopic Liver Transplantation in Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1a. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409816649599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus V. M. B. Wilke
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ruben H. de Kleine
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery & Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J. K. G. Wietasch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cynthia C. A. van Amerongen
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Blokzijl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Francjan J. van Spronsen
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ida V. D. Schwartz
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Terry G. J. Derks
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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85
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Gjorgjieva M, Raffin M, Duchampt A, Perry A, Stefanutti A, Brevet M, Tortereau A, Dubourg L, Hubert-Buron A, Mabille M, Pelissou C, Lassalle L, Labrune P, Mithieux G, Rajas F. Progressive development of renal cysts in glycogen storage disease type I. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3784-3797. [PMID: 27436577 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type I (GSDI) is a rare metabolic disease due to glucose-6 phosphatase deficiency, characterized by fasting hypoglycemia. Patients also develop chronic kidney disease whose mechanisms are poorly understood. To decipher the process, we generated mice with a kidney-specific knockout of glucose-6 phosphatase (K.G6pc-/- mice) that exhibited the first signs of GSDI nephropathy after 6 months of G6pc deletion. We studied the natural course of renal deterioration in K.G6pc-/- mice for 18 months and observed the progressive deterioration of renal functions characterized by early tubular dysfunction and a later destruction of the glomerular filtration barrier. After 15 months, K.G6pc-/- mice developed tubular-glomerular fibrosis and podocyte injury, leading to the development of cysts and renal failure. On the basis of these findings, we were able to detect the development of cysts in 7 out of 32 GSDI patients, who developed advanced renal impairment. Of these 7 patients, 3 developed renal failure. In addition, no renal cysts were detected in six patients who showed early renal impairment. In conclusion, renal pathology in GSDI is characterized by progressive tubular dysfunction and the development of polycystic kidneys that probably leads to the development of irreversible renal failure in the late stages. Systematic observations of cyst development by kidney imaging should improve the evaluation of the disease's progression, independently of biochemical markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gjorgjieva
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Margaux Raffin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Adeline Duchampt
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ariane Perry
- APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires du métabolisme hépatique, Clamart, France
| | - Anne Stefanutti
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie Brevet
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Service de pathologie et de neuropathologie Est, Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Antonin Tortereau
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,VetAgro Sup, UPSP 2011-03-101, ICE, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Laurence Dubourg
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France.,UMR 5305 CNRS/Université Claude-Bernard, Biologie tissulaire et Ingénierie thérapeutique, Lyon, France.,Exploration Fonctionnelle Rénale, Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot, Hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Hubert-Buron
- APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires du métabolisme hépatique, Clamart, France
| | - Mylène Mabille
- APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Service de radiologie, Clamart, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Coralie Pelissou
- APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Service de radiologie, Clamart, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Louis Lassalle
- APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Service de radiologie, Clamart, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Philippe Labrune
- APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires du métabolisme hépatique, Clamart, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1213, Lyon, France .,Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
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86
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Ete T, Roy A, Bhattacharya PK, Mishra A, Khonglah Y, Mishra J, Dorjee R, Lyngdoh M. Glycogen storage disease type 1a presenting as gouty arthritis in a young female without hypoglycaemia. THE EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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87
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Sun B, Brooks ED, Koeberl DD. Preclinical Development of New Therapy for Glycogen Storage Diseases. Curr Gene Ther 2016; 15:338-47. [PMID: 26122079 DOI: 10.2174/1566523215666150630132253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease (GSD) consists of more than 10 discrete conditions for which the biochemical and genetic bases have been determined, and new therapies have been under development for several of these conditions. Gene therapy research has generated proof-of-concept for GSD types I (von Gierke disease) and II (Pompe disease). Key features of these gene therapy strategies include the choice of vector and regulatory cassette, and recently adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors containing tissue-specific promoters have achieved a high degree of efficacy. Efficacy of gene therapy for Pompe disease depend upon the induction of immune tolerance to the therapeutic enzyme. Efficacy of von Gierke disease is transient, waning gradually over the months following vector administration. Small molecule therapies have been evaluated with the goal of improving standard of care therapy or ameliorating the cellular abnormalities associated with specific GSDs. The receptor-mediated uptake of the therapeutic enzyme in Pompe disease was enhanced by administration of β2 agonists. Rapamycin reduced the liver fibrosis observed in GSD III. Further development of gene therapy could provide curative therapy for patients with GSD, if efficacy from preclinical research is observed in future clinical trials and these treatments become clinically available.
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88
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Pterosin B has multiple targets in gluconeogenic programs, including coenzyme Q in RORα–SRC2 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:415-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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90
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Chaturvedi S, Singh AK, Keshari AK, Maity S, Sarkar S, Saha S. Human Metabolic Enzymes Deficiency: A Genetic Mutation Based Approach. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:9828672. [PMID: 27051561 PMCID: PMC4804091 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9828672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
One of the extreme challenges in biology is to ameliorate the understanding of the mechanisms which emphasize metabolic enzyme deficiency (MED) and how these pretend to have influence on human health. However, it has been manifested that MED could be either inherited as inborn error of metabolism (IEM) or acquired, which carries a high risk of interrupted biochemical reactions. Enzyme deficiency results in accumulation of toxic compounds that may disrupt normal organ functions and cause failure in producing crucial biological compounds and other intermediates. The MED related disorders cover widespread clinical presentations and can involve almost any organ system. To sum up the causal factors of almost all the MED-associated disorders, we decided to embark on a less traveled but nonetheless relevant direction, by focusing our attention on associated gene family products, regulation of their expression, genetic mutation, and mutation types. In addition, the review also outlines the clinical presentations as well as diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chaturvedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Raebareli Road, Vidyavihar, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Ashok K. Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Raebareli Road, Vidyavihar, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Amit K. Keshari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Raebareli Road, Vidyavihar, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Siddhartha Maity
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Srimanta Sarkar
- Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Limited, Bachupally, Hyderabad, Telangana 502325, India
| | - Sudipta Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Raebareli Road, Vidyavihar, Lucknow 226025, India
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91
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Farah BL, Landau DJ, Sinha RA, Brooks ED, Wu Y, Fung SYS, Tanaka T, Hirayama M, Bay BH, Koeberl DD, Yen PM. Induction of autophagy improves hepatic lipid metabolism in glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency. J Hepatol 2016; 64:370-379. [PMID: 26462884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase α, G6PC) deficiency, also known as von Gierke's disease or GSDIa, is the most common glycogen storage disorder. It is characterized by a decreased ability of the liver to convert glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to glucose leading to glycogen and lipid over-accumulation progressing to liver failure and/or hepatomas and carcinomas. Autophagy of intracellular lipid stores (lipophagy) has been shown to stimulate fatty acid β-oxidation in hepatic cells. Thus, we examined autophagy and its effects on reducing hepatic lipid over-accumulation in several cell culture and animal models of GSDIa. METHODS Autophagy in G6PC-deficient hepatic cell lines, mice, and dogs was measured by Western blotting for key autophagy markers. Pro-autophagic Unc51-like kinase 1 (ULK1/ATG1) was overexpressed in G6PC-deficient hepatic cells, and lipid clearance and oxidative phosphorylation measured. G6PC(-/-) mice and GSDIa dogs were treated with rapamycin and assessed for liver function. RESULTS Autophagy was impaired in the cell culture, mouse, and canine models of GSDIa. Stimulation of the anti-autophagic mTOR, and inhibition of the pro-autophagic AMPK pathways occurred both in vitro and in vivo. Induction of autophagy by ULK1/ATG1 overexpression decreased lipid accumulation and increased oxidative phosphorylation in G6PC-deficient hepatic cells. Rapamycin treatment induced autophagy and decreased hepatic triglyceride and glycogen content in G6PC(-/-) mice, as well as reduced liver size and improved circulating markers of liver damage in GSDIa dogs. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy is impaired in GSDIa. Pharmacological induction of autophagy corrects hepatic lipid over-accumulation and may represent a new therapeutic strategy for GSDIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Farah
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dustin J Landau
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rohit A Sinha
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth D Brooks
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yajun Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suet Yin Sarah Fung
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Boon-Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dwight D Koeberl
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Paul M Yen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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92
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Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism are single gene disorders resulting from the defects in the biochemical pathways of the body. Although these disorders are individually rare, collectively they account for a significant portion of childhood disability and deaths. Most of the disorders are inherited as autosomal recessive whereas autosomal dominant and X-linked disorders are also present. The clinical signs and symptoms arise from the accumulation of the toxic substrate, deficiency of the product, or both. Depending on the residual activity of the deficient enzyme, the initiation of the clinical picture may vary starting from the newborn period up until adulthood. Hundreds of disorders have been described until now and there has been a considerable clinical overlap between certain inborn errors. Resulting from this fact, the definite diagnosis of inborn errors depends on enzyme assays or genetic tests. Especially during the recent years, significant achievements have been gained for the biochemical and genetic diagnosis of inborn errors. Techniques such as tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for biochemical diagnosis and microarrays and next-generation sequencing for the genetic diagnosis have enabled rapid and accurate diagnosis. The achievements for the diagnosis also enabled newborn screening and prenatal diagnosis. Parallel to the development the diagnostic methods; significant progress has also been obtained for the treatment. Treatment approaches such as special diets, enzyme replacement therapy, substrate inhibition, and organ transplantation have been widely used. It is obvious that by the help of the preclinical and clinical research carried out for inborn errors, better diagnostic methods and better treatment approaches will high likely be available.
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93
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Ahn HH, Oh Y, Lee H, Lee W, Chang JW, Pyo HK, Nah DH, Jung YK. Identification of glucose-6-phosphate transporter as a key regulator functioning at the autophagy initiation step. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:2100-9. [PMID: 25982172 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process involving autophagosome formation via lysosome. However, the initiation step of autophagy is largely unknown. We found an interaction between ULK1 and ATG9 in mammalian cells and utilized the interaction to identify novel regulators of autophagy upstream of ULK1. We established a cell-based screening assay employing bimolecular fluorescence complementation. By performing gain-of-function screening, we identified G6PT as an autophagy activator. G6PT enhanced the interaction between N-terminal Venus-tagged ULK1 and C-terminal Venus-tagged ATG9, and increased autophagic flux independent of its transport activity. G6PT negatively regulated mTORC1 activity, demonstrating that G6PT functions upstream of mTORC1 in stimulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Hyun Ahn
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumin Oh
- Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Huikyong Lee
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - WonJae Lee
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woong Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ha-Kyung Pyo
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do hyung Nah
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Keun Jung
- Global Research Laboratory, School of Biological Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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94
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Diagnosis and management of glycogen storage disease type I: a practice guideline of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. Genet Med 2015; 16:e1. [PMID: 25356975 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2014.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glycogen storage disease type I (GSD I) is a rare disease of variable clinical severity that primarily affects the liver and kidney. It is caused by deficient activity of the glucose 6-phosphatase enzyme (GSD Ia) or a deficiency in the microsomal transport proteins for glucose 6-phosphate (GSD Ib), resulting in excessive accumulation of glycogen and fat in the liver, kidney, and intestinal mucosa. Patients with GSD I have a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, including hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, lactic acidemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and growth retardation. Individuals with GSD type Ia typically have symptoms related to hypoglycemia in infancy when the interval between feedings is extended to 3–4 hours. Other manifestations of the disease vary in age of onset, rate of disease progression, and severity. In addition, patients with type Ib have neutropenia, impaired neutrophil function, and inflammatory bowel disease. This guideline for the management of GSD I was developed as an educational resource for health-care providers to facilitate prompt, accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of patients. METHODS A national group of experts in various aspects of GSD I met to review the evidence base from the scientific literature and provided their expert opinions. Consensus was developed in each area of diagnosis, treatment, and management. RESULTS This management guideline specifically addresses evaluation and diagnosis across multiple organ systems (hepatic, kidney, gastrointestinal/nutrition, hematologic, cardiovascular, reproductive) involved in GSD I. Conditions to consider in the differential diagnosis stemming from presenting features and diagnostic algorithms are discussed. Aspects of diagnostic evaluation and nutritional and medical management, including care coordination, genetic counseling, hepatic and renal transplantation, and prenatal diagnosis, are also addressed. CONCLUSION A guideline that facilitates accurate diagnosis and optimal management of patients with GSD I was developed. This guideline helps health-care providers recognize patients with all forms of GSD I, expedite diagnosis, and minimize adverse sequelae from delayed diagnosis and inappropriate management. It also helps to identify gaps in scientific knowledge that exist today and suggests future studies.
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95
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Rajas F, Clar J, Gautier-Stein A, Mithieux G. Lessons from new mouse models of glycogen storage disease type 1a in relation to the time course and organ specificity of the disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:521-7. [PMID: 25164786 PMCID: PMC5522669 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9761-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with glycogen storage diseases type 1 (GSD1) suffer from life-threatening hypoglycaemia, when left untreated. Despite an intensive dietary treatment, patients develop severe complications, such as liver tumors and renal failure, with aging. Until now, the animal models available for studying the GSD1 did not survive after weaning. To gain further insights into the molecular mechanisms of the disease and to evaluate potential treatment strategies, we have recently developed novel mouse models in which the catalytic subunit of glucose-6 phosphatase (G6pc) is deleted in each glucose-producing organ specifically. For that, B6.G6pc(ex3lox/ex3lox) mice were crossed with transgenic mice expressing a recombinase under the control of the serum albumin, the kidney androgen protein or the villin promoter, in order to obtain liver, kidney or intestine G6pc(-/-) mice, respectively. As opposed to total G6pc knockout mice, tissue-specific G6pc deficiency allows mice to maintain their blood glucose by inducing glucose production in the other gluconeogenic organs. Even though it is considered that glucose is produced mainly by the liver, liver G6pc(-/-) mice are perfectly viable and exhibit the same hepatic pathological features as GSD1 patients, including the late development of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas. Interestingly, renal G6pc(-/-) mice developed renal symptoms similar to the early human GSD1 nephropathy. This includes glycogen overload that leads to nephromegaly and morphological and functional alterations in the kidneys. Thus, our data suggest that renal G6Pase deficiency per se is sufficient to induce the renal pathology of GSD1. Therefore, these new mouse models should allow us to improve the strategies of treatment on both nutritional and pharmacological points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Rajas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U855, Lyon, 69008, France,
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96
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Zeigerer A, Bogorad RL, Sharma K, Gilleron J, Seifert S, Sales S, Berndt N, Bulik S, Marsico G, D'Souza RCJ, Lakshmanaperumal N, Meganathan K, Natarajan K, Sachinidis A, Dahl A, Holzhütter HG, Shevchenko A, Mann M, Koteliansky V, Zerial M. Regulation of liver metabolism by the endosomal GTPase Rab5. Cell Rep 2015; 11:884-892. [PMID: 25937276 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver maintains glucose and lipid homeostasis by adapting its metabolic activity to the energy needs of the organism. Communication between hepatocytes and extracellular environment via endocytosis is key to such homeostasis. Here, we addressed the question of whether endosomes are required for gluconeogenic gene expression. We took advantage of the loss of endosomes in the mouse liver upon Rab5 silencing. Strikingly, we found hepatomegaly and severe metabolic defects such as hypoglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, and glycogen accumulation that phenocopied those found in von Gierke's disease, a glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) deficiency. G6Pase deficiency alone can account for the reduction in hepatic glucose output and glycogen accumulation as determined by mathematical modeling. Interestingly, we uncovered functional alterations in the transcription factors, which regulate G6Pase expression. Our data highlight a requirement of Rab5 and the endosomal system for the regulation of gluconeogenic gene expression that has important implications for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Zeigerer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Roman L Bogorad
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kirti Sharma
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jerome Gilleron
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire C3M, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Sarah Seifert
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Sales
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Sascha Bulik
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giovanni Marsico
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Rochelle C J D'Souza
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Kesavan Meganathan
- University of Cologne, Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Karthick Natarajan
- University of Cologne, Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- University of Cologne, Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, BIOTEC, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Victor Koteliansky
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, ul. Novaya, d.100, Skolkovo 143025, Russian Federation; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie, Gory, 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Marino Zerial
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Otero YF, Stafford JM, McGuinness OP. Pathway-selective insulin resistance and metabolic disease: the importance of nutrient flux. J Biol Chem 2015; 289:20462-9. [PMID: 24907277 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r114.576355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism are altered in metabolic disease (e.g. obesity, metabolic syndrome, and Type 2 diabetes). Insulin-dependent regulation of glucose metabolism is impaired. In contrast, lipogenesis, hypertriglyceridemia, and hepatic steatosis are increased. Because insulin promotes lipogenesis and liver fat accumulation, to explain the elevation in plasma and tissue lipids, investigators have suggested the presence of pathway-selective insulin resistance. In this model, insulin signaling to glucose metabolism is impaired, but insulin signaling to lipid metabolism is intact. We discuss the evidence for the differential regulation of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism. We suggest that the primary phenotypic driver is altered substrate delivery to the liver, as well as the repartitioning of hepatic nutrient handling. Specific alterations in insulin signaling serve to amplify the alterations in hepatic substrate metabolism. Thus, hyperinsulinemia and its resultant increased signaling may facilitate lipogenesis, but are not the major drivers of the phenotype of pathway-selective insulin resistance.
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98
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Clar J, Mutel E, Gri B, Creneguy A, Stefanutti A, Gaillard S, Ferry N, Beuf O, Mithieux G, Nguyen TH, Rajas F. Hepatic lentiviral gene transfer prevents the long-term onset of hepatic tumours of glycogen storage disease type 1a in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:2287-96. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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99
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Jeong YJ, Kang B, Choi SY, Ki CS, Lee SY, Park HD, Choe YH. Does type I truly dominate hepatic glycogen storage diseases in Korea?: a single center study. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2014; 17:239-47. [PMID: 25587524 PMCID: PMC4291449 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2014.17.4.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There are no studies of hepatic glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) other than type I and III in Korea. We aimed on investigating the characteristics of hepatic GSDs in Korea diagnosed and followed at a single center. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed patients who were diagnosed as GSD and followed at Samsung Medical Center from January, 1997 to December, 2013. Clinical manifestations, laboratory results, treatment, and prognosis were investigated. RESULTS Twenty-one patients were included in the study. The types of 17 patients were confirmed by enzyme activity tests and/or gene analysis. GSD Ia was diagnosed in 7 patients (33.3%), Ib in 1 patient (4.8%), III in 2 patients (9.5%), IV in 1 patient (4.8%), and IX in 6 patients (28.6%). Types other than GSD I constituted 52.9% (9/17) of the patients diagnosed with a specific type of hepatic GSD. The median age at presentation was 2 years. Hepatomegaly was observed in 95.2%, elevated liver transaminases in 90.5%, and hyperlactacidemia in 81.0% of the patients. The duration for follow-up was 77±62.0 months. Uncooked corn starch was initiated in all the patients. No mortality was observed during the follow-up period, and liver transplantation was performed in 14.3%. CONCLUSION Types other than GSD I comprised more than half of the patients diagnosed with a specific type of hepatic GSD. Clinical suspicion and thorough evaluation of hepatic GSDs in Korea should be focused not only on GSD I, but also on other types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ju Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ben Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yoon Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Youn Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Doo Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yon Ho Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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100
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Santos BL, de Souza CF, Schuler‐Faccini L, Refosco L, Epifanio M, Nalin T, Vieira SM, Schwartz IV. Glycogen storage disease type I: clinical and laboratory profile. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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