51
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Hernandez L. ADSA Foundation Scholar Award: A role for serotonin in lactation physiology—Where do we go from here? J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:5671-5678. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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52
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Abstract
Besides its classical functions as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, local mediator in the gastrointestinal tract and vasoactive agent in the blood, serotonin has more recently emerged as a growth factor for human tumor cells of different origins (carcinomas, glioma and carcinoids). Several data are also available on serotonin involvement in cancer cell migration, metastatic dissemination and tumor angiogenesis. The serotonin-induced signaling pathways that promote tumor progression are complex and only partly understood in some cancer types. The results of several studies showed that serotonin levels in the tumor played a crucial role in cancer progression. A serotonin production and secretion by neuroendocrine cells have been shown in the progression of several solid tumors and the involvement of a serotoninergic autocrine loop was proposed. Specific receptor subtypes are associated with different fundamental stages of tumor progression and the pattern of receptors expression becomes dysregulated in several human tumors when compared with normal cells or tissues. Serotonin receptors, selective serotonin transporter and serotonin synthesis pathways are potential chemotherapeutic targets for the treatment of several cancers in which therapeutic approaches are limited. Through several asked questions, this critical mini-review discusses the relevance of the involvement of serotonin in human cancer progression.
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53
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Weaver SR, Hernandez LL. Could use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors During Lactation Cause Persistent Effects on Maternal Bone? J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2018; 23:5-25. [PMID: 29603039 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-018-9390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lactating mammary gland elegantly coordinates maternal homeostasis to provide calcium for milk. During lactation, the monoamine serotonin regulates the synthesis and release of various mammary gland-derived factors, such as parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), to stimulate bone resorption. Recent evidence suggests that bone mineral lost during prolonged lactation is not fully recovered following weaning, possibly putting women at increased risk of fracture or osteoporosis. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants have also been associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. Therefore, SSRI exposure while breastfeeding may exacerbate lactational bone loss, compromising long-term bone health. Through an examination of serotonin and calcium homeostasis during lactation, lactational bone turnover and post-weaning recovery of bone mineral, and the effect of peripartum depression and SSRI on the mammary gland and bone, this review will discuss the hypothesis that peripartum SSRI exposure causes persistent reductions in bone mineral density through mammary-derived PTHrP signaling with bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Weaver
- Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura L Hernandez
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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54
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Chen HL, Yuan CY, Cheng HH, Chang TC, Huang SK, Kuo CC, Wu KK. Restoration of hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase levels in human cancer cells induces a tryptophan-metabolic switch and attenuates cancer progression. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11131-11142. [PMID: 29794137 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) is a tryptophan metabolite with recently discovered anti-inflammatory and tumor-suppressing activities. Its synthesis is catalyzed by a hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase (HIOMT)-like enzyme. However, the exact identity of this HIOMT in human cells remains unclear. Human HIOMT exists in several alternatively spliced isoforms, and we hypothesized that 5-MTP-producing HIOMT is a distinct isoform. Here, we show that human fibroblasts and cancer cells express the HIOMT298 isoform as contrasted with the expression of the HIOMT345 isoform in pineal cells. Sequencing analysis of the cloned isoforms revealed that HIOMT298 is identical to the sequence of a previously reported truncated HIOMT isoform. Of note, HIOMT298 expression was reduced in cancer cells and tissues. Stable transfection of A549 cancer cells with HIOMT298 restored HIOMT expression to normal levels, accompanied by 5-MTP production. Furthermore, HIOMT298 transfection caused a tryptophan-metabolic switch from serotonin to 5-MTP production. To determine the in vivo relevance of this alteration, we compared growth and lung metastasis of HIOMT298-transfected A549 cells with those of vector- or untransfected A549 cells as controls in a murine xenograft model. Of note, the HIOMT298-transfected A549 cells exhibited slower growth and lower metastasis than the controls. Our findings provide insight into the crucial role of HIOMT298 in 5-MTP production in cells and in inhibiting cancer progression and highlight the potential therapeutic value of 5-MTP for managing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Ling Chen
- From the Institute of Cellular and System Medicine and.,National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yun Yuan
- From the Institute of Cellular and System Medicine and.,Metabolomic Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Hsuan Cheng
- Metabolomic Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, and
| | - Tzu-Ching Chang
- Metabolomic Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, and
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | | | - Kenneth K Wu
- From the Institute of Cellular and System Medicine and .,Metabolomic Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, and.,Department of Medical Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing-Hua University College of Life Science, Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan
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55
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Hernandez LL. TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM/BOLFA: Serotonin and the regulation of calcium transport in dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:5711-5719. [PMID: 29293773 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland regulates maternal metabolism during lactation. Numerous factors within the tissue send signals to shift nutrients to the mammary gland for milk synthesis. Serotonin is a monoamine that has been well documented to regulate several aspects of lactation among species. Maintenance of maternal calcium homeostasis during lactation is a highly evolved process that is elegantly regulated by the interaction of the mammary gland with the bone, gut, and kidney tissues. It is well documented that dietary calcium is insufficient to maintain maternal calcium concentrations during lactation, and mammals must rely on bone resorption to maintain normocalcemia. Our recent work focused on the ability of the mammary gland to function as an accessory parathyroid gland during lactation. It was demonstrated that serotonin acts to stimulate parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in the mammary gland during lactation. The main role of mammary-derived PTHrP during mammalian lactation is to stimulate bone resorption to maintain maternal calcium homeostasis during lactation. In addition to regulating PTHrP, it was shown that serotonin appears to directly affect calcium transporters and pumps in the mammary gland. Our current working hypothesis regarding the control of calcium during lactation is as follows: serotonin directly stimulates PTHrP production in the mammary gland through interaction with the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Simultaneously, serotonin directly increases calcium movement into the mammary gland and, subsequently, milk. These 2 direct actions of serotonin combine to induce a transient maternal hypocalcemia required to further stimulate PTHrP production and calcium mobilization from bone. Through these 2 routes, serotonin is able to improve maternal calcium concentrations. Furthermore, we have shown that Holstein and Jersey cows appear to regulate calcium in different manners and also respond differently to serotonergic stimulation of the calcium pathway. Our data in rodents and cows indicate that serotonin and calcium are working through a unique feedback loop with PTHrP during lactation to regulate milk calcium and maternal calcium homeostasis.
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56
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Unger K, Mehta KY, Kaur P, Wang Y, Menon SS, Jain SK, Moonjelly RA, Suman S, Datta K, Singh R, Fogel P, Cheema AK. Metabolomics based predictive classifier for early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23078-23090. [PMID: 29796173 PMCID: PMC5955422 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of robust classification algorithms for the identification of high risk individuals with resectable disease is critical to improving early detection strategies and ultimately increasing survival rates in PC. We leveraged high quality biospecimens with extensive clinical annotations from patients that received treatment at the Medstar-Georgetown University hospital. We used a high resolution mass spectrometry based global tissue profiling approach in conjunction with multivariate analysis for developing a classification algorithm that would predict early stage PC with high accuracy. The candidate biomarkers were annotated using tandem mass spectrometry. We delineated a six metabolite panel that could discriminate early stage PDAC from benign pancreatic disease with >95% accuracy of classification (Specificity = 0.85, Sensitivity = 0.9). Subsequently, we used multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry for evaluation of this panel in plasma samples obtained from the same patients. The pattern of expression of these metabolites in plasma was found to be discordant as compared to that in tissue. Taken together, our results show the value of using a metabolomics approach for developing highly predictive panels for classification of early stage PDAC. Future investigations will likely lead to the development of validated biomarker panels with potential for clinical translation in conjunction with CA-19-9 and/or other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Unger
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Khyati Y Mehta
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Prabhjit Kaur
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Smrithi S Menon
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Shreyans K Jain
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Rose A Moonjelly
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Shubhankar Suman
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kamal Datta
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Rajbir Singh
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Paul Fogel
- Unité MéDIAN, UMR CNRS 6237 MEDYC, Université de Reims, Reims, France
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America.,Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
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57
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Matthes S, Bader M. Peripheral Serotonin Synthesis as a New Drug Target. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:560-572. [PMID: 29628275 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The first step in serotonin (5-HT) biosynthesis is catalyzed by tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). There are two independent sources of the monoamine that have distinct functions: first, the TPH1-expressing enterochromaffin cells (ECs) of the gut; second, TPH2-expressing serotonergic neurons. TPH1-deficient mice revealed that peripheral 5-HT plays important roles in platelet function and in inflammatory and fibrotic diseases of gut, pancreas, lung, and liver. Therefore, TPH inhibitors were developed which cannot pass the blood-brain barrier to specifically block peripheral 5-HT synthesis. They showed therapeutic efficacy in several rodent disease models, and telotristat ethyl is the first TPH inhibitor to be approved for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome. We review this development and discuss further therapeutic options for these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Matthes
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany; University of Lübeck, Institute for Biology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany; University of Lübeck, Institute for Biology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany; Charité University Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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58
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Gwynne WD, Hallett RM, Girgis-Gabardo A, Bojovic B, Dvorkin-Gheva A, Aarts C, Dias K, Bane A, Hassell JA. Serotonergic system antagonists target breast tumor initiating cells and synergize with chemotherapy to shrink human breast tumor xenografts. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32101-32116. [PMID: 28404880 PMCID: PMC5458271 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast tumors comprise an infrequent tumor cell population, termed breast tumor initiating cells (BTIC), which sustain tumor growth, seed metastases and resist cytotoxic therapies. Hence therapies are needed to target BTIC to provide more durable breast cancer remissions than are currently achieved. We previously reported that serotonergic system antagonists abrogated the activity of mouse BTIC resident in the mammary tumors of a HER2-overexpressing model of breast cancer. Here we report that antagonists of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) biosynthesis and activity, including US Federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antidepressants, targeted BTIC resident in numerous breast tumor cell lines regardless of their clinical or molecular subtype. Notably, inhibitors of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), required for 5-HT biosynthesis in select non-neuronal cells, the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) and several 5-HT receptors compromised BTIC activity as assessed by functional sphere-forming assays. Consistent with these findings, human breast tumor cells express TPH1, 5-HT and SERT independent of their molecular or clinical subtype. Exposure of breast tumor cells ex vivo to sertraline (Zoloft), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), reduced BTIC frequency as determined by transplanting drug-treated tumor cells into immune-compromised mice. Moreover, another SSRI (vilazodone; Viibryd) synergized with chemotherapy to shrink breast tumor xenografts in immune-compromised mice by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and inducing their apoptosis. Collectively our data suggest that antidepressants in combination with cytotoxic anticancer therapies may be an appropriate treatment regimen for testing in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Gwynne
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Robin M Hallett
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Canada
| | | | - Bojana Bojovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Anna Dvorkin-Gheva
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Craig Aarts
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Kay Dias
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Canada
| | - Anita Bane
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Canada
| | - John A Hassell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Canada
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59
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Serotonin transporter antagonists target tumor-initiating cells in a transgenic mouse model of breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53137-53152. [PMID: 27447971 PMCID: PMC5288174 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data suggests that the initiation and progression of human breast tumors is fueled by a rare subpopulation of tumor cells, termed breast tumor-initiating cells (BTIC), which resist radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Consequently, therapies that abrogate BTIC activity are needed to achieve durable cures for breast cancer patients. To identify such therapies we used a sensitive assay to complete a high-throughput screen of small molecules, including approved drugs, with BTIC-rich mouse mammary tumor cell populations. We found that inhibitors of the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) and serotonin receptors, which include approved drugs used to treat mood disorders, were potent inhibitors of mouse BTIC activity as determined by functional sphere-forming assays and the initiation of tumor formation by transplant of drug-exposed tumor cells into syngeneic mice. Moreover, sertraline (Zoloft), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), synergized with docetaxel (Taxotere) to shrink mouse breast tumors in vivo. Hence drugs targeting the serotonergic system might be repurposed to treat breast cancer patients to afford more durable breast cancer remissions.
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60
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Nakagawa H, Ueda T, Ito S, Shiraishi T, Taniguchi H, Kayukawa N, Nakanishi H, Ushijima S, Kanazawa M, Nakamura T, Naya Y, Hongo F, Kamoi K, Okihara K, Ukimura O. Androgen suppresses testicular cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 7:35224-32. [PMID: 27144435 PMCID: PMC5085223 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Silencing of androgen receptor (AR)-meditated androgen signaling is thought to be associated with the development of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). However, the role of the androgen/AR signal in TGCT development has not been investigated. In this study, we show that the androgen/AR signal suppressed the cell growth of seminomas (SEs), a type of TGCT, in vitro and in vivo. Growth of SE cells was suppressed by DHT treatment and reduction of androgen levels by surgical castration promoted cancer cell growth in an in vivo xenograft model. Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), the rate limit enzyme in serotonin synthesis, was one of the genes which expression was reduced in DHT-treated SE cells. TPH1 was highly expressed in SE cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Activation of androgen/AR signaling in SE cells reduced the expression of TPH1 in SE cells, followed by the reduction of serotonin secretion in cell culture supernatant. These results suggested that silencing of androgen/AR signaling may cause initiation and progression of SE through increase in TPH1 gene expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Nakagawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Saya Ito
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takumi Shiraishi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Taniguchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Naruhiro Kayukawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - So Ushijima
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kanazawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Terukazu Nakamura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshio Naya
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Fumiya Hongo
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kamoi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Koji Okihara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Osamu Ukimura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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61
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Zlatopolskiy BD, Zischler J, Schäfer D, Urusova EA, Guliyev M, Bannykh O, Endepols H, Neumaier B. Discovery of 7-[18F]Fluorotryptophan as a Novel Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Probe for the Visualization of Tryptophan Metabolism in Vivo. J Med Chem 2017; 61:189-206. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris D. Zlatopolskiy
- Institute
of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Institute
of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Johannes Zischler
- Institute
of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Institute
of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Dominique Schäfer
- Institute
of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
| | - Elizaveta A. Urusova
- Institute
of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Institute
of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Mehrab Guliyev
- Institute
of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Institute
of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Olesia Bannykh
- Institute
of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Institute
of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Heike Endepols
- Institute
of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Institute
of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germany
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute
of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany
- Institute
of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50937, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germany
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62
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Jose J, Tavares CDJ, Ebelt ND, Lodi A, Edupuganti R, Xie X, Devkota AK, Kaoud TS, Van Den Berg CL, Anslyn EV, Tiziani S, Bartholomeusz C, Dalby KN. Serotonin Analogues as Inhibitors of Breast Cancer Cell Growth. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:1072-1076. [PMID: 29057053 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a critical local regulator of epithelial homeostasis in the breast and exerts its actions through a number of receptors. Dysregulation of serotonin signaling is reported to contribute to breast cancer pathophysiology by enhancing cell proliferation and promoting resistance to apoptosis. Preliminary analyses indicated that the potent 5-HT1B/1D serotonin receptor agonist 5-nonyloxytryptamine (5-NT), a triptan-like molecule, induced cell death in breast cancer cell lines. Thus, we synthesized a series of novel alkyloxytryptamine analogues, several of which decreased the viability of various human cancer cell lines. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses showed that compounds 6 and 10 induced apoptosis and interfered with signaling pathways that regulate protein translation and survival, such as the Akt/mTOR pathway, in triple-negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiney Jose
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Clint D. J. Tavares
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Graduate
Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nancy D. Ebelt
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Graduate
Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Alessia Lodi
- Department
of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78723, United States
| | - Ramakrishna Edupuganti
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Xuemei Xie
- Section
of Translational Breast Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department
of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ashwini K. Devkota
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Graduate
Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tamer S. Kaoud
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Carla L. Van Den Berg
- Graduate
Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, Texas 78723, United States
| | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department
of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78723, United States
| | - Chandra Bartholomeusz
- Section
of Translational Breast Cancer Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department
of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kevin N. Dalby
- Division
of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Graduate
Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Joshi PV, Sayed AA, RaviKumar A, Puranik VG, Zinjarde SS. 4-Phenyl quinoline derivatives as potential serotonin receptor ligands with antiproliferative activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:246-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Jiang SH, Li J, Dong FY, Yang JY, Liu DJ, Yang XM, Wang YH, Yang MW, Fu XL, Zhang XX, Li Q, Pang XF, Huo YM, Li J, Zhang JF, Lee HY, Lee SJ, Qin WX, Gu JR, Sun YW, Zhang ZG. Increased Serotonin Signaling Contributes to the Warburg Effect in Pancreatic Tumor Cells Under Metabolic Stress and Promotes Growth of Pancreatic Tumors in Mice. Gastroenterology 2017; 153:277-291.e19. [PMID: 28315323 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Desmoplasia and poor vascularity cause severe metabolic stress in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). Serotonin (5-HT) is a neuromodulator with neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine functions that contributes to tumorigenesis. We investigated the role of 5-HT signaling in the growth of pancreatic tumors. METHODS We measured the levels of proteins that regulate 5-HT synthesis, packaging, and degradation in pancreata from KrasG12D/+/Trp53R172H/+/Pdx1-Cre (KPC) mice, which develop pancreatic tumors, as well as in PDAC cell lines and a tissue microarray containing 81 human PDAC samples. We also analyzed expression levels of proteins involved in 5-HT synthesis and degradation by immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray containing 311 PDAC specimens, and associated expression levels with patient survival times. 5-HT level in 14 matched PDAC tumor and non-tumor tissues were analyzed by ELISA. PDAC cell lines were incubated with 5-HT and cell survival and apoptosis were measured. We analyzed expression of the 5-HT receptor HTR2B in PDAC cells and effects of receptor agonists and antagonists, as well as HTR2B knockdown with small hairpin RNAs. We determined the effects of 5-HT stimulation on gene expression profiles of BxPC-3 cells. Regulation of glycolysis by 5-HT signaling via HTR2B was assessed by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analyses, as well as by determination of the extracellular acid ratio, glucose consumption, and lactate production. Primary PDACs, with or without exposure to SB204741 (a selective antagonist of HTR2B), were grown as xenograft tumors in mice, and SB204741 was administered to tumor-bearing KPC mice; tumor growth and metabolism were measured by imaging analyses. RESULTS In immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray of PDAC specimens, increased levels of TPH1 and decreased level of MAOA, which regulate 5-HT synthesis and degradation, correlated with stage and size of PDACs and shorter patient survival time. We found levels of 5-HT to be increased in human PDAC tissues compared with non-tumor pancreatic tissues, and PDAC cell lines compared with non-transformed pancreatic cells. Incubation of PDAC cell lines with 5-HT increased proliferation and prevented apoptosis. Agonists of HTR2B, but not other 5-HT receptors, promoted proliferation and prevented apoptosis of PDAC cells. Knockdown of HTR2B in PDAC cells, or incubation of cells with HTR2B inhibitors, reduced their growth as xenograft tumors in mice. We observed a correlation between 5-HT and glycolytic flux in PDAC cells; levels of metabolic enzymes involved in glycolysis, the phosphate pentose pathway, and hexosamine biosynthesis pathway increased significantly in PDAC cells following 5-HT stimulation. 5-HT stimulation led to formation of the HTR2B-LYN-p85 complex, which increased PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling and the Warburg effect by increasing protein levels of MYC and HIF1A. Administration of SB204741 to KPC mice slowed growth and metabolism of established pancreatic tumors and prolonged survival of the mice. CONCLUSIONS Human PDACs have increased levels of 5-HT, and PDAC cells increase expression of its receptor, HTR2B. These increases allow for tumor glycolysis under metabolic stress and promote growth of pancreatic tumors and PDAC xenograft tumors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Heng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Yuan Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jian-Yu Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - De-Jun Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Min-Wei Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Liang Fu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Feng Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Miao Huo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Feng Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Nature Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wen-Xin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ren Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Wei Sun
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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Handley N, Eide J, Taylor R, Wuertz B, Gaffney P, Ondrey F. PPARγ targeted oral cancer treatment and additional utility of genomics analytic techniques. Laryngoscope 2017; 127:E124-E131. [PMID: 27896820 PMCID: PMC5360511 DOI: 10.1002/lary.26423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists have been shown to have anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic, and proapoptotic effects, leading to interest in their use as cancer therapeutics. Pioglitazone, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved type II diabetes medication and PPARγ agonist, may have a role in adjuvant head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma treatment or prevention. Therefore, the purpose of this study was: 1) to treat oral cavity cancer cells with the PPARγ activator, pioglitazone, to analyze gene expression changes; and 2) to compare those changes with our preexisting genomic data for development of hypothesis-driven additional basic and clinical studies. STUDY DESIGN Prospective in vitro. METHODS We utilized microarray technology, as well as OCPlus (Bioconductor open source software) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (Qiagen, Redwood City, CA), to analyze differential gene expression in tumor and pioglitazone-treated tumor cells on a genome-wide level to demonstrate the feasibility of such an approach and determine appropriate sample size for future investigations. RESULTS We found that approximately 35 samples are required to adequately power future studies. We next discovered that pioglitazone significantly affects Inducible T-Cell Costimulator (iCOS)-Ligand for the T-cell-specific cell surface receptor ICOS (iCOSL) and type II diabetes mellitus pathways as a putative anti-cancer mechanism. CONCLUSION Genome-wide analysis is possible for the exploration of differential pathway modulation and rapid hypothesis generation. Both inflammation and type II diabetes pathways were significantly altered and therefore might provide unique hypothesis-driven pharmacodynamic parameters for future in vitro or in vivo studies utilizing thiazolidinediones. These techniques could be applied to microarray or other high throughput data from a variety of hypothesis-generating research scenarios in otolaryngology (e.g., middle ear proteomics, sinus microbiome studies). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. Laryngoscope, 127:E124-E131, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Handley
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jacob Eide
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Beverly Wuertz
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Frank Ondrey
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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RNA Sequencing Analysis Reveals Interactions between Breast Cancer or Melanoma Cells and the Tissue Microenvironment during Brain Metastasis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8032910. [PMID: 28210624 PMCID: PMC5292181 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8032910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of treatment failure and death in cancer patients. Metastasis of tumor cells to the brain occurs frequently in individuals with breast cancer, non–small cell lung cancer, or melanoma. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the causes and in the treatment of primary tumors, the biological and molecular mechanisms underlying the metastasis of cancer cells to the brain have remained unclear. Metastasizing cancer cells interact with their microenvironment in the brain to establish metastases. We have now developed mouse models of brain metastasis based on intracardiac injection of human breast cancer or melanoma cell lines, and we have performed RNA sequencing analysis to identify genes in mouse brain tissue and the human cancer cells whose expression is associated specifically with metastasis. We found that the expressions of the mouse genes Tph2, Sspo, Ptprq, and Pole as well as those of the human genes CXCR4, PLLP, TNFSF4, VCAM1, SLC8A2, and SLC7A11 were upregulated in brain tissue harboring metastases. Further characterization of such genes that contribute to the establishment of brain metastases may provide a basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies and consequent improvement in the prognosis of cancer patients.
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Goldberg DR, De Lombaert S, Aiello R, Bourassa P, Barucci N, Zhang Q, Paralkar V, Stein AJ, Holt M, Valentine J, Zavadoski W. Optimization of spirocyclic proline tryptophan hydroxylase-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 27:413-419. [PMID: 28041831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a follow-up to the discovery of our spirocyclic proline-based TPH1 inhibitor lead, we describe the optimization of this scaffold. Through a combination of X-ray co-crystal structure guided design and an in vivo screen, new substitutions in the lipophilic region of the inhibitors were identified. This effort led to new TPH1 inhibitors with in vivo efficacy when dosed as their corresponding ethyl ester prodrugs. In particular, 15b (KAR5585), the prodrug of the potent TPH1 inhibitor 15a (KAR5417), showed robust reduction of intestinal serotonin (5-HT) levels in mice. Furthermore, oral administration of 15b generated high and sustained systemic exposure of the active parent 15a in rats and dogs. KAR5585 was selected for further pharmacological evaluation in disease models associated with a dysfunctional peripheral 5-HT system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Goldberg
- Karos Pharmaceuticals, 401 Winchester Ave., 5 Science Park, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
| | - Stéphane De Lombaert
- Karos Pharmaceuticals, 401 Winchester Ave., 5 Science Park, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Robert Aiello
- Karos Pharmaceuticals, 401 Winchester Ave., 5 Science Park, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Patricia Bourassa
- Karos Pharmaceuticals, 401 Winchester Ave., 5 Science Park, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Nicole Barucci
- Karos Pharmaceuticals, 401 Winchester Ave., 5 Science Park, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Qing Zhang
- Karos Pharmaceuticals, 401 Winchester Ave., 5 Science Park, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Vishwas Paralkar
- Karos Pharmaceuticals, 401 Winchester Ave., 5 Science Park, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Adam J Stein
- Cayman Chemical, 5025 Venture Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48108, United States
| | - Melissa Holt
- Cayman Chemical, 5025 Venture Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48108, United States
| | - Jim Valentine
- Karos Pharmaceuticals, 401 Winchester Ave., 5 Science Park, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - William Zavadoski
- Karos Pharmaceuticals, 401 Winchester Ave., 5 Science Park, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
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Gautam J, Banskota S, Regmi SC, Ahn S, Jeon YH, Jeong H, Kim SJ, Nam TG, Jeong BS, Kim JA. Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 and 5-HT 7 receptor preferentially expressed in triple-negative breast cancer promote cancer progression through autocrine serotonin signaling. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:75. [PMID: 27871326 PMCID: PMC5117586 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a high risk of relapse and there are few chemotherapy options. Although 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) signaling pathways have been suggested as potential targets for anti-cancer drug development, the mechanism responsible for the action of 5-HT in TNBC remains unknown. METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to measure mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Cell proliferation was measured using CellTiter 96 Aqueous One Solution. siRNA transfection was used to assess involvement of genes in cancer invasion, which were identified by Matrigel transwell invasion assay. Levels of 5-HT and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured using ELISA kits. Chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and mouse tumor model were used to investigate the in vivo effects of SB269970, a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, and BJ-1113, a novel synthetic compound. RESULTS TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231, HCC-1395, and Hs578T) expressed higher levels of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) than hormone-responsive breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and T47D). In MDA-MB-231 cells, 5-HT promoted invasion and proliferation via 5-HT7 receptor, and interestingly, the stimulatory effect of 5-HT on MDA-MB-231 cell invasion was stronger than its effect on proliferation. Likewise, downstream signaling pathways of 5-HT7 differed during invasion and proliferation, that is, Gα-activated cAMP and Gβγ-activated kinase signaling during invasion, and Gβγ-activated PI3K/Akt signaling during proliferation. Also, 5-HT increased the protein expressions of TPH1 and VEGF in MDA-MB-231 cells. These results provide insight of the stimulatory effect of 5-HT on breast cancer progression; 5-HT was found to act more strongly during the first stage of metastasis (during invasion and migration) than during the later proliferative phase after local invasion. Interestingly, these actions of 5-HT were inhibited by BJ-1113, a 6-amino-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ol analog. BJ-1113 blocked intracellular signaling pathways initiated by 5-HT7 receptor activation, and exhibited anti-proliferative and anti-invasive activities against MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of BJ-1113 against MDA-MB-231 tumor growth was greater than that of SB269970, a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist. CONCLUSIONS 5-HT7 receptor which mediates 5-HT-induced cancer progression is a potential therapeutic target in TNBC, and BJ-1113 offers a novel scaffold for the development of anti-cancer agents against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Gautam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhrid Banskota
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sushil Chandra Regmi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Subi Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunyoung Jeong
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Seung Joo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Nam
- Department of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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DNA Methylation Patterns in Rat Mammary Carcinomas Induced by Pre- and Post-Pubertal Irradiation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164194. [PMID: 27711132 PMCID: PMC5053445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate one’s age at exposure to radiation strongly modifies the risk of radiation-induced breast cancer. We previously reported that rat mammary carcinomas induced by pre- and post-pubertal irradiation have distinct gene expression patterns, but the changes underlying these differences have not yet been characterized. The aim of this investigation was to see if differences in CpG DNA methylation were responsible for the differences in gene expression between age at exposure groups observed in our previous study. DNA was obtained from the mammary carcinomas arising in female Sprague-Dawley rats that were either untreated or irradiated (γ-rays, 2 Gy) during the pre- or post-pubertal period (3 or 7 weeks old). The DNA methylation was analyzed using CpG island microarrays and the results compared to the gene expression data from the original study. Global DNA hypomethylation in tumors was accompanied by gene-specific hypermethylation, and occasionally, by unique tumor-specific patterns. We identified methylation-regulated gene expression candidates that distinguished the pre- and post-pubertal irradiation tumors, but these represented only 2 percent of the differentially expressed genes, suggesting that methylation is not a major or primary mechanism underlying the phenotypes. Functional analysis revealed that the candidate methylation-regulated genes were enriched for stem cell differentiation roles, which may be important in mammary cancer development and worth further investigation. However, the heterogeneity of human breast cancer means that the interpretation of molecular and phenotypic differences should be cautious, and take into account the co-variates such as hormone receptor status and cell-of-origin that may influence the associations.
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Ameliorative potential of fluoxetine/raloxifene combination on experimentally induced breast cancer. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Discovery of spirocyclic proline tryptophan hydroxylase-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1124-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Banskota S, Gautam J, Regmi SC, Gurung P, Park MH, Kim SJ, Nam TG, Jeong BS, Kim JA. BJ-1108, a 6-Amino-2,4,5-Trimethylpyridin-3-ol Analog, Inhibits Serotonin-Induced Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth through PI3K/NOX Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148133. [PMID: 26824764 PMCID: PMC4732985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induces proliferation of cancer cells and vascular cells. In addition to 5-HT production by several cancer cells including gastrointestinal and breast cancer, a significant level of 5-HT is released from activated platelets in the thrombotic environment of tumors, suggesting that inhibition of 5-HT signaling may constitute a new target for antiangiogenic anticancer drug discovery. In the current study we clearly demonstrate that 5-HT-induced angiogenesis was mediated through the 5-HT1 receptor-linked Gβγ/Src/PI3K pathway, but not through the MAPK/ERK/p38 pathway. In addition, 5-HT induced production of NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). In an effort to develop new molecularly targeted anticancer agents against 5-HT action in tumor growth, we demonstrate that BJ-1108, a derivative of 6-amino-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ol, significantly inhibited 5-HT-induced angiogenesis. In addition, BJ-1108 induced a significant reduction in the size and weight of excised tumors in breast cancer cell-inoculated CAM assay, showing proportionate suppression of tumor growth along with inhibition of angiogenesis. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), BJ-1108 significantly suppressed 5-HT-induced ROS generation and phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt but not of Src. Unlike NOX inhibitors, BJ-1108, which showed better antioxidant activity than vitamin C, barely suppressed superoxide anion induced by mevalonate or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate which directly activates NOX without help from other signaling molecules in HUVECs, implying that the anti-angiogenic action of BJ-1108 was not mediated through direct action on NOX activation, or free radical scavenging activity. In conclusion, BJ-1108 inhibited 5-HT-induced angiogenesis through PI3K/NOX signaling but not through Src, ERK, or p38.
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MESH Headings
- Aminopyridines/chemical synthesis
- Aminopyridines/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/chemical synthesis
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Aniline Compounds/chemical synthesis
- Aniline Compounds/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Chick Embryo
- Chorioallantoic Membrane/blood supply
- Chorioallantoic Membrane/drug effects
- Chorioallantoic Membrane/pathology
- GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits/genetics
- GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- MCF-7 Cells
- NADPH Oxidases/antagonists & inhibitors
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/chemically induced
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/antagonists & inhibitors
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1/genetics
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1/metabolism
- Serotonin/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- src-Family Kinases/genetics
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhrid Banskota
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaya Gautam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sushil C. Regmi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Pallavi Gurung
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Myo-Hyeon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-gyu Nam
- Department of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JK); (BJ)
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JK); (BJ)
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Leoncikas V, Wu H, Ward LT, Kierzek AM, Plant NJ. Generation of 2,000 breast cancer metabolic landscapes reveals a poor prognosis group with active serotonin production. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19771. [PMID: 26813959 PMCID: PMC4728432 DOI: 10.1038/srep19771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A major roadblock in the effective treatment of cancers is their heterogeneity, whereby multiple molecular landscapes are classified as a single disease. To explore the contribution of cellular metabolism to cancer heterogeneity, we analyse the Metabric dataset, a landmark genomic and transcriptomic study of 2,000 individual breast tumours, in the context of the human genome-scale metabolic network. We create personalized metabolic landscapes for each tumour by exploring sets of active reactions that satisfy constraints derived from human biochemistry and maximize congruency with the Metabric transcriptome data. Classification of the personalized landscapes derived from 997 tumour samples within the Metabric discovery dataset reveals a novel poor prognosis cluster, reproducible in the 995-sample validation dataset. We experimentally follow mechanistic hypotheses resulting from the computational study and establish that active serotonin production is a major metabolic feature of the poor prognosis group. These data support the reconsideration of concomitant serotonin-specific uptake inhibitors treatment during breast cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytautas Leoncikas
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Huihai Wu
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Lara T Ward
- Oncology DMPK, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrzej M Kierzek
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Nick J Plant
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
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75
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Chiba T, Kimura S, Takahashi K, Morimoto Y, Maeda T, Sanbe A, Ueda H, Kudo K. Serotonin regulates β-casein expression via 5-HT7 receptors in human mammary epithelial MCF-12A cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:448-53. [PMID: 25757927 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) suppresses β-casein expression, a differentiation marker in mammary epithelial cells, via inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) phosphorylation in the human mammary epithelial cell line, MCF-12A. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern of the different 5-HT receptor subtypes in MCF-12A cells, and identified the receptors involved in 5-HT-mediated suppression of β-casein protein expression. β-Casein mRNA expression was inhibited by 30 µM 5-HT in a time-dependent manner. Treatment with 30 µM 5-HT for 72 h decreased β-casein protein levels and STAT5 phosphorylation (pSTAT5). The cells expressed four 5-HT receptors subtypes (5-HTR1D, 2B, 3A, and 7) at the mRNA and protein level, and their expression was elevated by prolactin (PRL) treatment. Additionally, the mRNA levels of 5-HTR1D and 5-HTR7 were significantly higher than the other 5-HT receptors in the cells. Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 mRNA was detectable in the cells in the absence of PRL, and PRL treatment significantly increased its expression. β-Casein and pSTAT5/STAT5 levels in the cells co-treated with 5-HT and a selective 5-HTR1D inhibitor, BRL15572, were equal to those observed in cells treated with 5-HT alone. However, in the cells co-treated with 5-HT and a selective 5-HTR7 inhibitor, SB269970, β-casein and pSTAT5/STAT5 levels increased in a SB269970 concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, we showed that 5-HT regulates β-casein expression via 5-HTR7 in MCF-12A human mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Chiba
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University
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76
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Rabender CS, Alam A, Sundaresan G, Cardnell RJ, Yakovlev VA, Mukhopadhyay ND, Graves P, Zweit J, Mikkelsen RB. The Role of Nitric Oxide Synthase Uncoupling in Tumor Progression. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:1034-43. [PMID: 25724429 PMCID: PMC4470720 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0057-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Here, evidence suggests that nitric oxide synthases (NOS) of tumor cells, in contrast with normal tissues, synthesize predominantly superoxide and peroxynitrite. Based on high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, the underlying mechanism for this uncoupling is a reduced tetrahydrobiopterin:dihydrobiopterin ratio (BH4:BH2) found in breast, colorectal, epidermoid, and head and neck tumors compared with normal tissues. Increasing BH4:BH2 and reconstitution of coupled NOS activity in breast cancer cells with the BH4 salvage pathway precursor, sepiapterin, causes significant shifts in downstream signaling, including increased cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) activity, decreased β-catenin expression, and TCF4 promoter activity, and reduced NF-κB promoter activity. Sepiapterin inhibited breast tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo as measured by a clonogenic assay, Ki67 staining, and 2[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). In summary, using diverse tumor types, it is demonstrated that the BH4:BH2 ratio is lower in tumor tissues and, as a consequence, NOS activity generates more peroxynitrite and superoxide anion than nitric oxide, resulting in important tumor growth-promoting and antiapoptotic signaling properties. IMPLICATIONS The synthetic BH4, Kuvan, is used to elevate BH4:BH2 in some phenylketonuria patients and to treat diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction, suggesting a novel, testable approach for correcting an abnormality of tumor metabolism to control tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asim Alam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Gobalakrishnan Sundaresan
- Department of Radiology and Center for Molecular Imaging, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Robert J Cardnell
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | - Vasily A Yakovlev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Nitai D Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Paul Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Jamal Zweit
- Department of Radiology and Center for Molecular Imaging, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ross B Mikkelsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
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77
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Baudry A, Alleaume-Butaux A, Dimitrova-Nakov S, Goldberg M, Schneider B, Launay JM, Kellermann O. Essential Roles of Dopamine and Serotonin in Tooth Repair: Functional Interplay Between Odontogenic Stem Cells and Platelets. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2586-95. [PMID: 25865138 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing stem cell intrinsic functions is an ongoing challenge for cell therapies. Here, we report that two independent A4 and H8 stem cell lines isolated from mouse molar pulp display the overall functions of bioaminergic cells. Both clones produce neurotrophins and synthesize, catabolize, store, and transport serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) and dopamine (DA). They express 5-HT1D,2B,7 and D1,3 autoreceptors, which render pulpal stem cells competent to respond to circulating 5-HT and DA. We show that injury-activated platelets are the source of systemic 5-HT and DA necessary for dental repair since natural dentin reparation is impaired in two rat models with monoamine storage-deficient blood platelets. Moreover, selective inhibition of either D1, D3, 5-HT2B, or 5-HT7 receptor within the pulp of wild-type rat molars after lesion alters the reparative process. Altogether our data argue that 5-HT and DA coreleased by pulp injury-activated platelets are critical for stem cell-mediated dental repair through 5-HT and DA receptor signalings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Baudry
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Cellules Souches, Signalisation et Prions, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Alleaume-Butaux
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Cellules Souches, Signalisation et Prions, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
| | - Sasha Dimitrova-Nakov
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Cellules Souches, Signalisation et Prions, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
| | - Michel Goldberg
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Cellules Souches, Signalisation et Prions, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Schneider
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Cellules Souches, Signalisation et Prions, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- AP-HP, Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.,INSERM U942, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.,Pharma Research Department, F. Hoffmann-La-Roche, Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Odile Kellermann
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Cellules Souches, Signalisation et Prions, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR-S 1124, Paris, France
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78
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The type 7 serotonin receptor, 5-HT 7 , is essential in the mammary gland for regulation of mammary epithelial structure and function. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:364746. [PMID: 25664318 PMCID: PMC4312625 DOI: 10.1155/2015/364746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Autocrine-paracrine activity of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a crucial homeostatic parameter in mammary gland development during lactation and involution. Published studies suggested that the 5-HT7 receptor type was important for mediating several effects of 5-HT in the mammary epithelium. Here, using 5-HT7 receptor-null (HT7KO) mice we attempt to understand the role of this receptor in mediating 5-HT actions within the mammary gland. We demonstrate for the first time that HT7KO dams are inefficient at sustaining their pups. Histologically, the HT7KO mammary epithelium shows a significant deviation from the normal secretory epithelium in morphological architecture, reduced secretory vesicles, and numerous multinucleated epithelial cells with atypically displaced nuclei, during lactation. Mammary epithelial cells in HT7KO dams also display an inability to transition from lactation to involution as normally seen by transition from a columnar to a squamous cell configuration, along with alveolar cell apoptosis and cell shedding. Our results show that 5-HT7 is required for multiple actions of 5-HT in the mammary glands including core functions that contribute to changes in cell shape and cell turnover, as well as specialized secretory functions. Understanding these actions may provide new interventions to improve lactation performance and treat diseases such as mastitis and breast cancer.
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79
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Satram-Maharaj T, Nyarko JN, Kuski K, Fehr K, Pennington PR, Truitt L, Freywald A, Lukong KE, Anderson DH, Mousseau DD. The monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor clorgyline promotes a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2621-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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81
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Gurbuz N, Ashour AA, Alpay SN, Ozpolat B. Down-regulation of 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors inhibits proliferation, clonogenicity and invasion of human pancreatic cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105245. [PMID: 25170871 PMCID: PMC4149367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is characterized by extensive local tumor invasion, metastasis and early systemic dissemination. The vast majority of pancreatic cancer (PaCa) patients already have metastatic complications at the time of diagnosis, and the death rate of this lethal type of cancer has increased over the past decades. Thus, efforts at identifying novel molecularly targeted therapies are priorities. Recent studies have suggested that serotonin (5-HT) contributes to the tumor growth in a variety of cancers including prostate, colon, bladder and liver cancer. However, there is lack of evidence about the impact of 5-HT receptors on promoting pancreatic cancer. Having considered the role of 5-HT-1 receptors, especially 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D subtypes in different types of malignancies, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors in PaCa growth and progression and analyze their potential as cytotoxic targets. We found that knockdown of 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors expression, using specific small interfering RNA (siRNA), induced significant inhibition of proliferation and clonogenicity of PaCa cells. Also, it significantly suppressed PaCa cells invasion and reduced the activity of uPAR/MMP-2 signaling and Integrin/Src/Fak-mediated signaling, as integral tumor cell pathways associated with invasion, migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Moreover, targeting 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors down-regulates zinc finger ZEB1 and Snail proteins, the hallmarks transcription factors regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), concomitantly with up-regulating of claudin-1 and E-Cadherin. In conclusion, our data suggests that 5-HT1B– and 5-HT1D–mediated signaling play an important role in the regulation of the proliferative and invasive phenotype of PaCa. It also highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting of 5-HT1B/1D receptors in the treatment of PaCa, and opens a new avenue for biomarkers identification, and valuable new therapeutic targets for managing pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgun Gurbuz
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ahmed A Ashour
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Neslihan Alpay
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America; Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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82
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Azim HA, Brohée S, Peccatori FA, Desmedt C, Loi S, Lambrechts D, Dell'Orto P, Majjaj S, Jose V, Rotmensz N, Ignatiadis M, Pruneri G, Piccart M, Viale G, Sotiriou C. Biology of breast cancer during pregnancy using genomic profiling. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:545-54. [PMID: 24825746 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer during pregnancy is rare and is associated with relatively poor prognosis. No information is available on its biological features at the genomic level. Using a dataset of 54 pregnant and 113 non-pregnant breast cancer patients, we evaluated the pattern of hot spot somatic mutations and did transcriptomic profiling using Sequenom and Affymetrix respectively. We performed gene set enrichment analysis to evaluate the pathways associated with diagnosis during pregnancy. We also evaluated the expression of selected cancer-related genes in pregnant and non-pregnant patients and correlated the results with changes occurring in the normal breast using a pregnant murine model. We finally investigated aberrations associated with disease-free survival (DFS). No significant differences in mutations were observed. Of the total number of patients, 18.6% of pregnant and 23% of non-pregnant patients had a PIK3CA mutation. Around 30% of tumors were basal, with no differences in the distribution of breast cancer molecular subtypes between pregnant and non-pregnant patients. Two pathways were enriched in tumors diagnosed during pregnancy: the G protein-coupled receptor pathway and the serotonin receptor pathway (FDR <0.0001). Tumors diagnosed during pregnancy had higher expression of PD1 (PDCD1; P=0.015), PDL1 (CD274; P=0.014), and gene sets related to SRC (P=0.004), IGF1 (P=0.032), and β-catenin (P=0.019). Their expression increased almost linearly throughout gestation when evaluated on the normal breast using a pregnant mouse model underscoring the potential effect of the breast microenvironment on tumor phenotype. No genes were associated with DFS in a multivariate model, which could be due to low statistical power. Diagnosis during pregnancy impacts the breast cancer transcriptome including potential cancer targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem A Azim
- Department of MedicineInstitut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumBreast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. HeusonInstitut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumFertility and Procreation UnitDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTranslational Breast Cancer Genomic LabCancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaVesalius Research CentreVIB, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of PathologyDivision of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsEuropean Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyDepartment of MedicineMedical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumDepartment of MedicineInstitut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumBreast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. HeusonInstitut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumFertility and Procreation UnitDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTranslational Breast Cancer Genomic LabCancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaVesalius Research CentreVIB, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of PathologyDivision of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsEuropean Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyDepartment of MedicineMedical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxel
| | - Sylvain Brohée
- Department of MedicineInstitut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumBreast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. HeusonInstitut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumFertility and Procreation UnitDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTranslational Breast Cancer Genomic LabCancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaVesalius Research CentreVIB, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of PathologyDivision of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsEuropean Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyDepartment of MedicineMedical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fedro A Peccatori
- Department of MedicineInstitut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumBreast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. HeusonInstitut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumFertility and Procreation UnitDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTranslational Breast Cancer Genomic LabCancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaVesalius Research CentreVIB, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of PathologyDivision of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsEuropean Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyDepartment of MedicineMedical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Desmedt
- Department of MedicineInstitut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumBreast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. HeusonInstitut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumFertility and Procreation UnitDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTranslational Breast Cancer Genomic LabCancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaVesalius Research CentreVIB, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of PathologyDivision of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsEuropean Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyDepartment of MedicineMedical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sherene Loi
- Department of MedicineInstitut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumBreast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. HeusonInstitut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumFertility and Procreation UnitDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTranslational Breast Cancer Genomic LabCancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaVesalius Research CentreVIB, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of PathologyDivision of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsEuropean Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyDepartment of MedicineMedical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumDepartment of MedicineInstitut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumBreast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. HeusonInstitut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumFertility and Procreation UnitDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTranslational Breast Cancer Genomic LabCancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaVesalius Research CentreVIB, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of PathologyDivision of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsEuropean Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyDepartment of MedicineMedical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxel
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Department of MedicineInstitut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumBreast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. HeusonInstitut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumFertility and Procreation UnitDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTranslational Breast Cancer Genomic LabCancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaVesalius Research CentreVIB, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of PathologyDivision of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsEuropean Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyDepartment of MedicineMedical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumDepartment of MedicineInstitut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumBreast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. HeusonInstitut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumFertility and Procreation UnitDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTranslational Breast Cancer Genomic LabCancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaVesalius Research CentreVIB, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of PathologyDivision of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsEuropean Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyDepartment of MedicineMedical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxel
| | - Patrizia Dell'Orto
- Department of MedicineInstitut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumBreast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. HeusonInstitut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumFertility and Procreation UnitDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTranslational Breast Cancer Genomic LabCancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaVesalius Research CentreVIB, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of PathologyDivision of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsEuropean Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyDepartment of MedicineMedical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samira Majjaj
- Department of MedicineInstitut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumBreast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. HeusonInstitut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumFertility and Procreation UnitDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTranslational Breast Cancer Genomic LabCancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaVesalius Research CentreVIB, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of PathologyDivision of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsEuropean Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyDepartment of MedicineMedical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vinu Jose
- Department of MedicineInstitut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumBreast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. HeusonInstitut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumFertility and Procreation UnitDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTranslational Breast Cancer Genomic LabCancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaVesalius Research CentreVIB, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of PathologyDivision of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsEuropean Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyDepartment of MedicineMedical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicole Rotmensz
- Department of MedicineInstitut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumBreast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. HeusonInstitut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumFertility and Procreation UnitDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTranslational Breast Cancer Genomic LabCancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaVesalius Research CentreVIB, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of PathologyDivision of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsEuropean Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyDepartment of MedicineMedical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michail Ignatiadis
- Department of MedicineInstitut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumBreast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. HeusonInstitut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumFertility and Procreation UnitDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTranslational Breast Cancer Genomic LabCancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaVesalius Research CentreVIB, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of PathologyDivision of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsEuropean Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyDepartment of MedicineMedical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumDepartment of MedicineInstitut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumBreast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. HeusonInstitut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumFertility and Procreation UnitDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTranslational Breast Cancer Genomic LabCancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaVesalius Research CentreVIB, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of PathologyDivision of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsEuropean Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyDepartment of MedicineMedical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxel
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Department of MedicineInstitut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumBreast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. HeusonInstitut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumFertility and Procreation UnitDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTranslational Breast Cancer Genomic LabCancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaVesalius Research CentreVIB, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of PathologyDivision of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsEuropean Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyDepartment of MedicineMedical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine Piccart
- Department of MedicineInstitut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumBreast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. HeusonInstitut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumFertility and Procreation UnitDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTranslational Breast Cancer Genomic LabCancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaVesalius Research CentreVIB, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of PathologyDivision of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsEuropean Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyDepartment of MedicineMedical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Department of MedicineInstitut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumBreast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. HeusonInstitut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumFertility and Procreation UnitDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTranslational Breast Cancer Genomic LabCancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaVesalius Research CentreVIB, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of PathologyDivision of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsEuropean Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyDepartment of MedicineMedical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Department of MedicineInstitut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumBreast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. HeusonInstitut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumFertility and Procreation UnitDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTranslational Breast Cancer Genomic LabCancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaVesalius Research CentreVIB, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of PathologyDivision of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsEuropean Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyDepartment of MedicineMedical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumDepartment of MedicineInstitut Jules Bordet, BrEAST Data Centre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard de Waterloo, 121, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumBreast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory (BCTL) J. C. HeusonInstitut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, BelgiumFertility and Procreation UnitDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyTranslational Breast Cancer Genomic LabCancer Therapeutics Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, AustraliaVesalius Research CentreVIB, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Translational GeneticsDepartment of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of PathologyDivision of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsEuropean Institute of Oncology, Milan, ItalyDepartment of MedicineMedical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxel
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Menter DG, Tucker SC, Kopetz S, Sood AK, Crissman JD, Honn KV. Platelets and cancer: a casual or causal relationship: revisited. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2014; 33:231-69. [PMID: 24696047 PMCID: PMC4186918 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-014-9498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human platelets arise as subcellular fragments of megakaryocytes in bone marrow. The physiologic demand, presence of disease such as cancer, or drug effects can regulate the production circulating platelets. Platelet biology is essential to hemostasis, vascular integrity, angiogenesis, inflammation, innate immunity, wound healing, and cancer biology. The most critical biological platelet response is serving as "First Responders" during the wounding process. The exposure of extracellular matrix proteins and intracellular components occurs after wounding. Numerous platelet receptors recognize matrix proteins that trigger platelet activation, adhesion, aggregation, and stabilization. Once activated, platelets change shape and degranulate to release growth factors and bioactive lipids into the blood stream. This cyclic process recruits and aggregates platelets along with thrombogenesis. This process facilitates wound closure or can recognize circulating pathologic bodies. Cancer cell entry into the blood stream triggers platelet-mediated recognition and is amplified by cell surface receptors, cellular products, extracellular factors, and immune cells. In some cases, these interactions suppress immune recognition and elimination of cancer cells or promote arrest at the endothelium, or entrapment in the microvasculature, and survival. This supports survival and spread of cancer cells and the establishment of secondary lesions to serve as important targets for prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
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84
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Breast carcinoma progression and tumour vascular markers related to apoptotic mechanisms. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:156034. [PMID: 24696529 PMCID: PMC3948469 DOI: 10.1155/2014/156034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background. In the last few years, the cancer research had tried to identify and characterize new biochemical and molecular pathways in which the inhibition induces prosurvival mechanisms. Our work describes the expression of two different members of apoptotic regulatory pathway and their relationship with a progression of breast carcinoma. Materials and Methods. We compared expression of genes related to apoptosis (DR6 and Gpm6B) in the blood of patients suffering from stage I of breast cancer in different grades (I–IV), with healthy controls. After isolation of mRNA, transcription of mRNA into the cDNA was performed. The quantification of gene expression changes in DR6 and Gpm6B was detected by RT-PCR method. Analysis at the protein level was performed by the Western blot.Results. In statistical analysis of Dr6 mRNA level changes we detected significant increase starting in Grading 1 (G1) and reached maximal level in G3.This expression on mRNA levels was similar to protein levels, which copy rising tendency with maximal value in G3. The results of Gpm6B were significantly lower.Conclusion. This result showed that antiapoptotic signalling during neovascularization is increased significantly. It would be advisable in the future to study the influence of cytostatic treatment on the expression of genes related to apoptotic pathways and their relationship with progression of breast cancer tumours.
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85
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Joy ME, Vollmer LL, Hulkower K, Stern AM, Peterson CK, Boltz RC“D, Roy P, Vogt A. A high-content, multiplexed screen in human breast cancer cells identifies profilin-1 inducers with anti-migratory activities. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88350. [PMID: 24520372 PMCID: PMC3919756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Profilin-1 (Pfn-1) is a ubiquitously expressed actin-binding protein that is essential for normal cell proliferation and migration. In breast cancer and several other adenocarcinomas, Pfn-1 expression is downregulated when compared to normal tissues. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that genetically modulating Pfn-1 expression significantly impacts proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro, and mammary tumor growth, dissemination, and metastatic colonization in vivo. Therefore, small molecules that can modulate Pfn-1 expression could have therapeutic potential in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. The overall goal of this study was to perform a multiplexed phenotypic screen to identify compounds that inhibit cell motility through upregulation of Pfn-1. Screening of a test cassette of 1280 compounds with known biological activities on an Oris™ Pro 384 cell migration platform identified several agents that increased Pfn-1 expression greater than two-fold over vehicle controls and exerted anti-migratory effects in the absence of overt cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Concentration-response confirmation and orthogonal follow-up assays identified two bona fide inducers of Pfn-1, purvalanol and tyrphostin A9, that confirmed in single-cell motility assays and Western blot analyses. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of Pfn-1 abrogated the inhibitory effect of tyrphostin A9 on cell migration, suggesting Pfn-1 is mechanistically linked to tyrphostin A9′s anti-migratory activity. The data illustrate the utility of the high-content cell motility assay to discover novel targeted anti-migratory agents by integrating functional phenotypic analyses with target-specific readouts in a single assay platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion E. Joy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Laura L. Vollmer
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Keren Hulkower
- Platypus Technologies, LLC, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrew M. Stern
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cameron K. Peterson
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - R. C. “Dutch” Boltz
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AV); (PR)
| | - Andreas Vogt
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AV); (PR)
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86
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Serotonin modulation of macrophage polarization: inflammation and beyond. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 824:89-115. [PMID: 25038996 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07320-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages display a ample plethora of effector functions whose acquisition is promoted by the surrounding cytokine and cellular environment. Depending on the stimulus, macrophages become specialized ("polarized") for either pathogen elimination, tissue repair and wound healing or immunosuppression. This "polarization" versatility allows macrophages to critically contribute to tissue homeostasis, as they promote initiation and resolution of inflammatory responses. As a consequence, deregulation of the tissue macrophage polarization balance is an etiological agent of chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, cancer and even obesity and insulin resistance. In the present review we describe current concepts on the molecular basis and the patho-physiological implications of macrophage polarization, and describe its modulation by serotonin (5-HT), a neurotransmitter that regulates inflammation and tissue repair via a large set of receptors (5-HTR1-7). 5-HT modulates the phenotypic and functional polarization of macrophages, and contributes to the maintenance of an anti-inflammatory state mainly via 5-HTR2B and 5-HTR7, whose activation has a great impact on macrophage gene expression profile. The identification of 5-HTR2B and 5-HTR7 as functionally-relevant polarization markers suggests their therapeutic value in inflammatory pathologies as well as their potential involvement in linking the immune and nervous systems.
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87
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Horseman ND, Hernandez LL. New concepts of breast cell communication to bone. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:34-41. [PMID: 24055165 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lactation is the most extreme case of normal physiological bone loss during a lifetime, and breast cancers have a strong tendency to metastasize to bone. In both the physiological and pathological circumstances, parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) plays a central role. Until recently there were no regulatory mechanisms to explain the induction of endocrine PTHrP secretion from breast cells during lactation. The mammary epithelium possesses a local serotonin signaling system which drives PTHrP expression during lactation and in breast cancer cells. The mammary gland serotonin system is highly induced in response to alveolar dilation due to milk secretion. Discovery of serotonergic control of PTHrP suggests that it may be possible to manipulate the breast-to-bone axis by targeting serotonin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson D Horseman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Program in Systems Biology and Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0576, USA.
| | - Laura L Hernandez
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1205, USA
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88
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Milinkovic V, Bankovic J, Rakic M, Stankovic T, Skender-Gazibara M, Ruzdijic S, Tanic N. Identification of novel genetic alterations in samples of malignant glioma patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82108. [PMID: 24358143 PMCID: PMC3864906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent and malignant human brain tumor. High level of genomic instability detected in glioma cells implies that numerous genetic alterations accumulate during glioma pathogenesis. We investigated alterations in AP-PCR DNA profiles of 30 glioma patients, and detected specific changes in 11 genes not previously associated with this disease: LHFPL3, SGCG, HTR4, ITGB1, CPS1, PROS1, GP2, KCNG2, PDE4D, KIR3DL3, and INPP5A. Further correlations revealed that 8 genes might play important role in pathogenesis of glial tumors, while changes in GP2, KCNG2 and KIR3DL3 should be considered as passenger mutations, consequence of high level of genomic instability. Identified genes have a significant role in signal transduction or cell adhesion, which are important processes for cancer development and progression. According to our results, LHFPL3 might be characteristic of primary glioblastoma, SGCG, HTR4, ITGB1, CPS1, PROS1 and INPP5A were detected predominantly in anaplastic astrocytoma, suggesting their role in progression of secondary glioblastoma, while alterations of PDE4D seem to have important role in development of both glioblastoma subtypes. Some of the identified genes showed significant association with p53, p16, and EGFR, but there was no significant correlation between loss of PTEN and any of identified genes. In conclusion our study revealed genetic alterations that were not previously associated with glioma pathogenesis and could be potentially used as molecular markers of different glioblastoma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Milinkovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, Department of Neurobiology, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Jasna Bankovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, Department of Neurobiology, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Miodrag Rakic
- Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Neurosurgery, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Tijana Stankovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, Department of Neurobiology, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Milica Skender-Gazibara
- University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Sabera Ruzdijic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, Department of Neurobiology, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Nikola Tanic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, Department of Neurobiology, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
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89
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Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a very simple molecule that plays key roles in complex communication mechanisms within the animal body. In the mammary glands, serotonin biosynthesis and secretion are induced in response to dilation of the alveolar spaces. Since its discovery several years ago, mammary 5-HT has been demonstrated to perform two homeostatic functions. First, serotonin regulates lactation and initiates the transition into the earliest phases of involution. Second, serotonin is a local signal that induces parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), which allows the mammary gland to drive the mobilization of calcium from the skeleton. These processes use different receptor types, 5-HT7 and 5-HT2, respectively. In this review, we provide synthetic perspectives on the fundamental processes of lactation homeostasis and the adaptation of calcium homeostasis for lactation. We analyze the role of the intrinsic serotonin system in the physiological regulation of the mammary glands. We also consider the importance of the mammary serotonin system in pathologies and therapies associated with lactation and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson D Horseman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Systems Biology and Physiology Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45208;
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Laporta J, Peters TL, Merriman KE, Vezina CM, Hernandez LL. Serotonin (5-HT) affects expression of liver metabolic enzymes and mammary gland glucose transporters during the transition from pregnancy to lactation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57847. [PMID: 23469086 PMCID: PMC3585179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to demonstrate the ability of feeding serotonin (5-HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine) precursors to increase 5-HT production during the transition from pregnancy to lactation and the effects this has on maternal energy metabolism in the liver and mammary gland. Pregnant rats (n = 45) were fed one of three diets: I) control (CON), II) CON supplemented with 0.2% 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) or III) CON supplemented with 1.35% L-tryptophan (L-TRP), beginning on d13 of pregnancy through d9 of lactation (d9). Serum (pre and post-partum), milk (daily), liver and mammary gland tissue (d9) were collected. Serum 5-HT was increased in the 5-HTP fed dams beginning on d20 of gestation and remained elevated through d9, while it was only increased on d9 in the L-TRP fed dams. 5-HT levels were increased in mammary gland and liver of both groups. Additionally, 5-HTP fed dams had serum and milk glucose levels similar to the CON, while L-TRP had decreased serum (d9) and milk glucose (all dates evaluated). Feeding 5-HTP resulted in increased mRNA expression of key gluconeogenic and glycolytic enzymes in liver and glucose transporters 1 and 8 (GLUT-1, -8) in the mammary gland. We demonstrated the location of GLUT-8 in the mammary gland both in the epithelial and vascular endothelial cells. Finally, phosphorylated 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK), a known regulator of intracellular energy status, was elevated in mammary glands of 5-HTP fed dams. Our results suggest that increasing 5-HT production during the transition from pregnancy to lactation increases mRNA expression of enzymes involved in energy metabolism in the liver, and mRNA abundance and distribution of glucose transporters within the mammary gland. This suggests the possibility that 5-HT may be involved in regulating energy metabolism during the transition from pregnancy to lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Laporta
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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91
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Chernet B, Levin M. Endogenous Voltage Potentials and the Microenvironment: Bioelectric Signals that Reveal, Induce and Normalize Cancer. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ONCOLOGY 2013; Suppl 1:S1-002. [PMID: 25525610 PMCID: PMC4267524 DOI: 10.4172/2324-9110.s1-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer may be a disease of geometry: a misregulation of the field of information that orchestrates individual cells' activities towards normal anatomy. Recent work identified molecular mechanisms underlying a novel system of developmental control: bioelectric gradients. Endogenous spatio-temporal differences in resting potential of non-neural cells provide instructive cues for cell regulation and complex patterning during embryogenesis and regeneration. It is now appreciated that these cues are an important layer of the dysregulation of cell: cell interactions that leads to cancer. Abnormal depolarization of resting potential (Vmem) is a convenient marker for neoplasia and activates a metastatic phenotype in genetically-normal cells in vivo. Moreover, oncogene expression depolarizes cells that form tumor-like structures, but is unable to form tumors if this depolarization is artificially prevented by misexpression of hyperpolarizing ion channels. Vmem triggers metastatic behaviors at considerable distance, mediated by transcriptional and epigenetic effects of electrically-modulated flows of serotonin and butyrate. While in vivo data on voltages in carcinogenesis comes mainly from the amphibian model, unbiased genetic screens and network profiling in rodents and human tissues reveal several ion channel proteins as bona fide oncogene and promising targets for cancer drug development. However, we propose that a focus on specific channel genes is just the tip of the iceberg. Bioelectric state is determined by post-translational gating of ion channels, not only from genetically-specified complements of ion translocators. A better model is a statistical dynamics view of spatial Vmem gradients. Cancer may not originate at the single cell level, since gap junctional coupling results in multi-cellular physiological networks with multiple stable attractors in bioelectrical state space. New medical applications await a detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which organ target morphology stored in real-time patterns of ion flows is perceived or mis-perceived by cells. Mastery of somatic voltage gradients will lead to cancer normalization or rebooting strategies, such as those that occur in regenerating and embryonic organs, resulting in transformative advances in basic biology and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Levin
- Corresponding author: Michael Levin, Department of Biology, Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave., Suite 4600, Medford, MA 02155, USA, Tel: (617) 627-6161; Fax:(617) 627- 6121;
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92
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Lobikin M, Chernet B, Lobo D, Levin M. Resting potential, oncogene-induced tumorigenesis, and metastasis: the bioelectric basis of cancer in vivo. Phys Biol 2012. [PMID: 23196890 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/9/6/065002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer may result from localized failure of instructive cues that normally orchestrate cell behaviors toward the patterning needs of the organism. Steady-state gradients of transmembrane voltage (V(mem)) in non-neural cells are instructive, epigenetic signals that regulate pattern formation during embryogenesis and morphostatic repair. Here, we review molecular data on the role of bioelectric cues in cancer and present new findings in the Xenopus laevis model on how the microenvironment's biophysical properties contribute to cancer in vivo. First, we investigated the melanoma-like phenotype arising from serotonergic signaling by 'instructor' cells-a cell population that is able to induce a metastatic phenotype in normal melanocytes. We show that when these instructor cells are depolarized, blood vessel patterning is disrupted in addition to the metastatic phenotype induced in melanocytes. Surprisingly, very few instructor cells need to be depolarized for the hyperpigmentation phenotype to occur; we present a model of antagonistic signaling by serotonin receptors that explains the unusual all-or-none nature of this effect. In addition to the body-wide depolarization-induced metastatic phenotype, we investigated the bioelectrical properties of tumor-like structures induced by canonical oncogenes and cancer-causing compounds. Exposure to carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) induces localized tumors, but has a broad (and variable) effect on the bioelectric properties of the whole body. Tumors induced by oncogenes show aberrantly high sodium content, representing a non-invasive diagnostic modality. Importantly, depolarized transmembrane potential is not only a marker of cancer but is functionally instructive: susceptibility to oncogene-induced tumorigenesis is significantly reduced by forced prior expression of hyperpolarizing ion channels. Importantly, the same effect can be achieved by pharmacological manipulation of endogenous chloride channels, suggesting a strategy for cancer suppression that does not require gene therapy. Together, these data extend our understanding of the recently demonstrated role of transmembrane potential in tumor formation and metastatic cell behavior. V(mem) is an important non-genetic biophysical aspect of the microenvironment that regulates the balance between normally patterned growth and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lobikin
- Biology Department and Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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93
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Collier RJ, Hernandez LL, Horseman ND. Serotonin as a homeostatic regulator of lactation. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2012; 43:161-70. [PMID: 22608139 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT), a neurotransmitter produced in mammary epithelial cells (MECs), acts via autocrine-paracrine mechanisms on MECs to regulate milk secretion in a variety of species. Recent studies in dairy cows reported that 5-HT ligands affect milk yield and composition. We determined the mRNA expression of bovine 5-HT receptor (5-HTR) subtypes in bovine mammary tissue (BMT) and cultured bovine MECs. We then used pharmacologic agents to evaluate functional activities of 5-HTR subtypes. The mRNAs for five receptor isoforms (5-HTR1B, 5-HTR2A, 5-HTR2B, 5-HTR4, and 5-HTR7) were identified by conventional reverse transcription PCR, real-time PCR, and in situ hybridization in BMT. In addition to luminal MEC expression, 5-HTR4 was expressed in myoepithelium, and 5-HTR1B, HTR2A, and HTR2B were expressed in small mammary blood vessels. Studies to date report that there are multiple 5-HTR isoforms in mammary tissue of rodents, humans, and cattle. Inhibition of the 5-HT reuptake transporter with selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) disrupted tight junctions and decreased milk protein mRNA expression in mouse, human, and bovine mammary cells. Selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors act to increase the cellular exposure to 5-HT by preventing reuptake of 5-HT by the cell and eventual degradation. Increasing 5-HT concentration in milk via inhibiting its reuptake (SSRI), or by increasing the precursor for 5-HT synthesis 5-hydroxytryptophan, accelerated decline in milk synthesis at dry-off. We conclude that the 5-HT system in mammary tissue acts as a homeostatic regulator of lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Collier
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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94
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Choi I, Kattan MW, Wells BJ, Yu C. A hybrid approach to survival model building using integration of clinical and molecular information in censored data. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2012; 9:1091-1105. [PMID: 22350208 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2012.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In medical society, the prognostic models, which use clinicopathologic features and predict prognosis after a certain treatment, have been externally validated and used in practice. In recent years, most research has focused on high dimensional genomic data and small sample sizes. Since clinically similar but molecularly heterogeneous tumors may produce different clinical outcomes, the combination of clinical and genomic information, which may be complementary, is crucial to improve the quality of prognostic predictions. However, there is a lack of an integrating scheme for clinic-genomic models due to the P ≥ N problem, in particular, for a parsimonious model. We propose a methodology to build a reduced yet accurate integrative model using a hybrid approach based on the Cox regression model, which uses several dimension reduction techniques, L₂ penalized maximum likelihood estimation (PMLE), and resampling methods to tackle the problem. The predictive accuracy of the modeling approach is assessed by several metrics via an independent and thorough scheme to compare competing methods. In breast cancer data studies on a metastasis and death event, we show that the proposed methodology can improve prediction accuracy and build a final model with a hybrid signature that is parsimonious when integrating both types of variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ickwon Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, 16000 Terrace Rd #503, Cleveland, OH 44112, USA.
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95
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Hernandez LL, Gregerson KA, Horseman ND. Mammary gland serotonin regulates parathyroid hormone-related protein and other bone-related signals. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E1009-15. [PMID: 22318950 PMCID: PMC3774078 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00666.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cells drive bone demineralization during lactation and metastatic cancers. A shared mechanism among these physiological and pathological states is endocrine secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), which acts through osteoblasts to stimulate osteoclastic bone demineralization. The regulation of PTHrP has not been accounted for fully by any conventional mammotropic stimuli or tumor growth factors. Serotonin (5-HT) synthesis within breast epithelial cells is induced during lactation and in advancing breast cancer. Here we report that serotonin deficiency (knockout of tryptophan hydroxylase-1) results in a reduction of mammary PTHrP expression during lactation, which is rescued by restoring 5-HT synthesis. 5-HT induced PTHrP expression in lactogen-primed mammary epithelial cells from either mouse or cow. In human breast cancer cells 5-HT induced both PTHrP and the metastasis-associated transcription factor Runx2/Cbfa1. Based on receptor expression and pharmacological evidence, the 5-HT2 receptor type was implicated as being critical for induction of PTHrP and Runx2. These results connect 5-HT synthesis to the induction of bone-regulating factors in the normal mammary gland and in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Hernandez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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96
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Juhász C, Nahleh Z, Zitron I, Chugani DC, Janabi MZ, Bandyopadhyay S, Ali-Fehmi R, Mangner TJ, Chakraborty PK, Mittal S, Muzik O. Tryptophan metabolism in breast cancers: molecular imaging and immunohistochemistry studies. Nucl Med Biol 2012; 39:926-32. [PMID: 22444239 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tryptophan oxidation via the kynurenine pathway is an important mechanism of tumoral immunoresistance. Increased tryptophan metabolism via the serotonin pathway has been linked to malignant progression in breast cancer. In this study, we combined quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) with tumor immunohistochemistry to analyze tryptophan transport and metabolism in breast cancer. METHODS Dynamic α-[(11)C]methyl-l-tryptophan (AMT) PET was performed in nine women with stage II-IV breast cancer. PET tracer kinetic modeling was performed in all tumors. Expression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO; the initial and rate-limiting enzyme of the kynurenine pathway) and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1; the initial enzyme of the serotonin pathway) was assessed by immunostaining of resected tumor specimens. RESULTS Tumor AMT uptake peaked at 5-20 min postinjection in seven tumors; the other two cases showed protracted tracer accumulation. Tumor standardized uptake values (SUVs) varied widely (2.6-9.8) and showed a strong positive correlation with volume of distribution values derived from kinetic analysis (P<.01). Invasive ductal carcinomas (n=6) showed particularly high AMT SUVs (range, 4.7-9.8). Moderate to strong immunostaining for LAT1, IDO and TPH1 was detected in most tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS Breast cancers show differential tryptophan kinetics on dynamic PET. SUVs measured 5-20 min postinjection reflect reasonably the tracer's volume of distribution. Further studies are warranted to determine if in vivo AMT accumulation in these tumors is related to tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine and serotonin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Juhász
- PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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97
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Aspartic acid substitutions in monoamine oxidase-A reveal both catalytic-dependent and -independent influences on cell viability and proliferation. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 119:1285-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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98
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Abstract
Endocrine tumours derived from the small intestine, ileal carcinoids, produce and secrete the hormones tachykinins and serotonin, which induces the specific symptoms related to the tumour. Because of their low proliferation rate, they are often discovered at late stages when metastases have occurred. The biology that characterizes these tumours differs in many ways from what is generally recognized for other malignancies. In this overview, the current knowledge on the development and progression of ileal carcinoids is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Cunningham
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Endocrine Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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99
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Horvath GA, Selby K, Poskitt K, Hyland K, Waters PJ, Coulter-Mackie M, Stockler-Ipsiroglu SG. Hemiplegic migraine, seizures, progressive spastic paraparesis, mood disorder, and coma in siblings with low systemic serotonin. Cephalalgia 2011; 31:1580-6. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102411420584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Serotonin has an important role in vascular resistance and blood pressure control, and a functional serotonin transporter polymorphism has been associated with migraine. Disturbances in serotonin metabolism have been associated with autism, depression, and myoclonus related conditions, but serotonin has far more functions in the body. Familial hemiplegic migraine is a rare autosomal dominant subtype of migraine with aura in which attacks are associated with hemiparesis. Cases: We present two siblings with hemiplegic migraine, depression, progressive spastic paraparesis, myelopathy, and spinal cord atrophy. One of the sisters presented with prolonged coma after a migraine episode. Both sisters were found to have low cerebrospinal fluid serotonin metabolite (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid), low platelet serotonin levels, and diminished serotonin transport capacity. Their clinical symptoms improved on 5-hydroxytryptophan replacement therapy. Mutational analysis of the CACNA1A and ATP1A2 genes was negative. Conclusion: This is the first time that systemic serotonin deficiency has been described in familial hemiplegic migraine. We hypothesize that the deficiency of serotonin transport may be part of a complex cellular membrane trafficking dysfunction involving not only the serotonin transporter but also other transporters and ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ken Poskitt
- British Columbia Children's Hospital, Canada
| | | | - Paula J Waters
- British Columbia Children's Hospital, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Canada
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100
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Pai VP, Marshall AM. Intraluminal volume homeostasis: A common sertonergic mechanism among diverse epithelia. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 4:532-7. [PMID: 22046455 DOI: 10.4161/cib.4.5.16492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Volume homeostasis is a common physiological phenomenon for fluid secreting organs, such as exocrine and endocrine glands. It is a manifestation of a finite intraluminal space and an ever changing demand for secretory fluids. Volume homeostasis addresses issues of fluid secretion, storage and clearance for efficient functioning. Here we discuss the evidence gathered over the past 2-3 decades on serotonin's role as a feedback inhibitor of secretion in the mammary gland, salivary gland, liver, pancreas, lung, thyroid gland and prostate gland. We propose that serotonin action is a common mechanism of regulating intraductal volume homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav P Pai
- Department of Biology; Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology; Tufts University; Medford, MA USA
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