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Zhang D, Liu H, Luo P, Li Y. Production Inhibition and Excretion Promotion of Urate by Fucoidan from Laminaria japonica in Adenine-Induced Hyperuricemic Mice. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E472. [PMID: 30486413 PMCID: PMC6315909 DOI: 10.3390/md16120472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to explore the amelioration of fucoidan on adenine-induced hyperuricemia and hepatorental damage. Adenine-induced hyperuricemic mice were administered with fucoidan, allopurinol and vehicle control respectively to compare the effects of the drugs. Serum uric acid, urea nitrogen, hepatorenal functions, activities of hepatic adenosine deaminase (ADA), xanthine oxidase (XOD), renal urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and NF-κB p65 were assessed. As the serum uric acid, urea nitrogen, creatinine, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) data demonstrated, the adenine not only mediated hepatorenal function disorders, but also induced hyperuricemia in mice. Meanwhile, activities of hepatic ADA and XOD were markedly augmented by adenine, and the expression of URAT1 was promoted, which was conducive to the reabsorption of urate. However, exposure to fucoidan completely reversed those adenine-induced negative alternations in mice, and the activities of hepatic ADA and XOD were recovered to the normal level. It was obvious that hepatic and renal functions were protected by fucoidan treatment. The expression of URAT1 was returned to normal, resulting in an increase of renal urate excretion and consequent healing of adenine-induced hyperuricemia in mice. Expression and activation of NF-κB p65 was promoted in kidneys of adenine treated mice, but suppressed in kidneys of mice exposed to fucoidan from Laminaria japonica or allopurinol. In conclusion, the fucoidan is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of hyperuricemia through dual regulatory roles on inhibition of hepatic metabolism and promotion of renal excretion of urate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayan Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
- College of Food Science & Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Huazhong Liu
- College of Chemistry & Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Ping Luo
- College of Chemistry & Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Yanqun Li
- College of Food Science & Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
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Abstract
The definition of asymptomatic hyperuricemia remains unclear, as no consensus exists about the serum urate cutoff or the relevance of ultrasound findings. Comorbidities associated with hyperuricemia have increased in frequency over the past two decades. Hyperuricemia (and/or gout) may be a cause or a consequence of a comorbidity. Whereas epidemiological studies suggest that hyperuricemia may be linked to cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal comorbidities, Mendelian randomization studies have not provided proof that these links are causal. Discrepancies between findings from observational studies and clinical trials preclude the development of recommendations about the potential benefits of urate-lowering therapy (ULT) in individual patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. The risk/benefit ratio of ULT is unclear. The risk of developing gout, estimated at 50%, must be weighed against the risk of cutaneous and cardiovascular side effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors. The need for optimal comorbidity management, in contrast, is universally accepted. Medications for comorbidities that elevate urate levels should be discontinued and replaced with medications that have the opposite effect. Therapeutic lifestyle changes, weight loss as appropriate, and sufficient physical activity are useful for improving general health. Whether ULT has beneficial effects on comorbidities will be known only when well-powered interventional trials with relevant primary endpoints are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Chalès
- Faculté de Médecine de Rennes, 2, avenue du professeur Léon-Bernard, 35000 Rennes, France.
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Folate, Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B12 Intake in Relation to Hyperuricemia. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7080210. [PMID: 30103487 PMCID: PMC6111262 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7080210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the association between intake of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 with hyperuricemia (HU) among adults from the United States (US), we extracted relevant data from 24,975 US adults aged 20–85 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2001–2014. All dietary intake was evaluated by 24-h dietary recalls. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the associations after adjustment for confounders. Compared to the lowest quintile (Q1), for males, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of HU in Q2 to Q5 of folate (dietary folate equivalent, DFE) intake were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.73–0.96), 0.84 (0.73–0.97), 0.72 (0.62–0.84), and 0.64 (0.53–0.77), respectively (p for trend <0.0001). In females, adjusted ORs in Q2 to Q4 of folate (DFE) intake were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.71–0.99), 0.81 (0.68–0.96), and 0.82 (0.68–0.99), with a p for trend of 0.1475. Our findings indicated the intakes of total folate, folic acid, food folate, folate (DFE), vitamin B12, but not vitamin B6, were inversely related to the risk of HU in males. A lower risk of HU with higher intakes of total folate, food folate, and folate (DFE) was found in females, but with no association between intakes of folic acid, vitamin B6, B12, and the risk of HU for females.
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Benn CL, Dua P, Gurrell R, Loudon P, Pike A, Storer RI, Vangjeli C. Physiology of Hyperuricemia and Urate-Lowering Treatments. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:160. [PMID: 29904633 PMCID: PMC5990632 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis and is a multifactorial disease typically characterized by hyperuricemia and monosodium urate crystal deposition predominantly in, but not limited to, the joints and the urinary tract. The prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia has increased in developed countries over the past two decades and research into the area has become progressively more active. We review the current field of knowledge with emphasis on active areas of hyperuricemia research including the underlying physiology, genetics and epidemiology, with a focus on studies which suggest association of hyperuricemia with common comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, renal insufficiency, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Finally, we discuss current therapies and emerging drug discovery efforts aimed at delivering an optimized clinical treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pinky Dua
- Pfizer Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Andrew Pike
- DMPK, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - R Ian Storer
- IMED Biotech Unit, Medicinal Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Liang D, Yong T, Chen S, Xie Y, Chen D, Zhou X, Li D, Li M, Su L, Zuo D. Hypouricemic Effect of 2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone, a Computational Screened Bioactive Compound from Ganoderma applanatum, on Hyperuricemic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051394. [PMID: 29735945 PMCID: PMC5983617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Searching novel hypouricemic agents of high efficacy and safety has attracted a great attention. Previously, we reported the hypouricemic effect of Ganoderma applanatum, but its bioactives, was not referred. Herein, we report the hypouricemic effect of 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP), a compound screened from Ganoderma applanatum computationally. Serum parameters, such as uric acid (SUA), xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine were recorded. Real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot were exploited to assay RNA and protein expressions of organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1), and gastrointestinal concentrative nucleoside transporter 2 (CNT2). DHAP at 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg exerted excellent hypouricemic action on hyperuricemic mice, reducing SUA from hyperuricemic control (407 ± 31 μmol/L, p < 0.01) to 180 ± 29, 144 ± 13, and 139 ± 31 μmol/L, respectively. In contrast to the renal toxic allopurinol, DHAP showed some kidney-protective effects. Moreover, its suppression on XOD activity, in vivo and in vitro, suggested that XOD inhibition may be a mechanism for its hypouricemic effect. Given this, its binding mode to XOD was explored by molecular docking and revealed that three hydrogen bonds may play key roles in its binding and orientation. It upregulated OAT1 and downregulated GLUT9, URAT1, and CNT2 too. In summary, its hypouricemic effect may be mediated by regulation of XOD, OAT1, GLUT9, URAT1, and CNT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danling Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou 510663, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Tianqiao Yong
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou 510663, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Shaodan Chen
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou 510663, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Yizhen Xie
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou 510663, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Diling Chen
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou 510663, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou 510663, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Muxia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou 510663, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Lu Su
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Guangzhou 510663, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Dan Zuo
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Qiu H. Association between Dietary Zinc Intake and Hyperuricemia among Adults in the United States. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050568. [PMID: 29734733 PMCID: PMC5986448 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We aim to explore the associations between dietary zinc intake and hyperuricemia (HU) in United States (US) adults. 24,975 US adults aged 20 years or older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001 to 2014 were stratified into quintiles based on zinc intake. All dietary intake measured through 24-h dietary recalls. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between zinc intake and HU after adjustment for possible confounders. For males, compared with respondents consuming less than 7.33 mg zinc daily, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.71, 0.97) among those consuming 10.26–13.54 mg zinc daily, 0.78 (95% CI, 0.63–0.96) among those consuming 18.50 mg or greater, and p for the trend was 0.0134. For females, compared with respondents consuming less than 5.38 mg zinc daily, the OR was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.63, 0.97) among those consuming 9.64–12.93 mg zinc daily, and p for the trend was 0.3024. Our findings indicated that dietary zinc intake is inversely associated with HU in US men and women, independent of some major confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China.
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Hongbin Qiu
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China.
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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57
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Zhang Y, Qiu H. Dietary Magnesium Intake and Hyperuricemia among US Adults. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030296. [PMID: 29498657 PMCID: PMC5872714 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the association between dietary magnesium intake and hyperuricemia in United States (US) adults, we extracted 26,796 US adults aged 20–85 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2001–2014. All dietary intake was measured through 24 h dietary recall method. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between magnesium intake and hyperuricemia after adjusting for several important confounding variables. When compared to the lowest quintile (Q1), for male, adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of hyperuricemia in the second quintile (Q2) to the fifth quintile (Q5) of the magnesium intake were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.72–0.95), 0.74 (0.64–0.85), 0.78 (0.67–0.90), and 0.70 (0.58–0.84, p for trend = 0.0003), respectively. For female, OR was 0.75 (0.62–0.90) in the fourth quintile (Q4) (p for trend = 0.0242). As compared to Q4 of magnesium intake (contains recommended amount), the relative odds of hyperuricemia were increased by 1.29 times in Q1 (OR = 1.29, 1.11–1.50) in male. The ORs were 1.33 (1.11–1.61) in Q1, 1.27 (1.07–1.50) in Q2 in female. Our results indicated that increased magnesium intake was associated with decreased hyperuricemia risk. It also indicated the importance of recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of magnesium and the potential function of magnesium intake in the prevention of hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China.
| | - Hongbin Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China.
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Gadalean F, Simu M, Parv F, Vorovenci R, Tudor R, Schiller A, Timar R, Petrica L, Velciov S, Gluhovschi C, Bob F, Mihaescu A, Timar B, Spasovski G, Ivan V. The impact of acute kidney injury on in-hospital mortality in acute ischemic stroke patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185589. [PMID: 29040276 PMCID: PMC5645137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute kidney injury (AKI) increases the risk of death in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Intravenous thrombolytic therapy (iv. rt-PA) seems to be the most effective treatment for AIS patients. The effects of AKI on iv. rt-PA treated AIS cases is less studied. Our paper addresses this issue. METHODS 45 consecutive stroke patients treated with iv. rt-PA (median age = 64 years; 29 male) and 59 age and sex matched controls not eligible for iv. rt-PA have been enrolled in our study. Subjects were followed-up until hospital release or death (median follow up time = 12 days). RESULTS The prevalence of AKI did not differ between iv. rt-PA treated patients and controls (35.5% vs. 33.89%). In both groups, AKI was associated with increased in-hospital mortality: 50.0% vs. 3.4% p<0.0001 (in the rt-PA treated), and 45% vs. 30.7% (in controls). AKI iv. rt-PA treated patients had a significantly higher risk of in hospital mortality as compared to the no-AKI iv. rt-PA treated (HR = 15.2 (95%CI [1.87 to 124.24]; P = 0.011). In a Cox-multivariate model, the presence of AKI after iv. rt-PA remained a significant factor (HR = 8.354; p = 0.041) influencing the in-hospital mortality even after correction for other confounding factors. The independent predictors for AKI were: decreased eGFR baseline and elevated serum levels of uric acid at admission, (the model explained 60.2% of the AKI development). CONCLUSIONS The risk of AKI was increased in AIS patients. Thrombolysis itself did not increase the risk of AKI. In the iv. rt-PA patients, as compared to non-AKI, those which developed AKI had a higher rate of in-hospital mortality. The baseline eGFR and the serum uric acid at admission were independent predictors for AKI development in the iv. rt-PA treated AIS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florica Gadalean
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Romania, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Simu
- Department of Neurology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Romania, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florina Parv
- Department of Cardiology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Romania, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- * E-mail:
| | - Ruxandra Vorovenci
- Department of Neurology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Romania, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Raluca Tudor
- Department of Neurology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Romania, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adalbert Schiller
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Romania, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Romulus Timar
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Romania, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ligia Petrica
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Romania, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Silvia Velciov
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Romania, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Gluhovschi
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Romania, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Flaviu Bob
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Romania, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adelina Mihaescu
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Romania, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Bogdan Timar
- Department of Bioinformatics, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Romania, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Goce Spasovski
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University of Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Viviana Ivan
- Department of Cardiology, County Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Romania, ‘Victor Babes’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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Ma Y, Cao H, Li Z, Fang J, Wei X, Cheng P, Jiao R, Liu X, Li Y, Xing Y, Tang J, Jin L, Li T. A Novel Multi-Epitope Vaccine Based on Urate Transporter 1 Alleviates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes by Producing Anti-URAT1 Antibody and an Immunomodulatory Effect in C57BL/6J Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102137. [PMID: 29035321 PMCID: PMC5666819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is related to diabetes. Uric acid-induced inflammation and oxidative stress are risk factors for diabetes and its complications. Human urate transporter 1 (URAT1) regulates the renal tubular reabsorption of uric acid. IA-2(5)-P2-1, a potent immunogenic carrier designed by our laboratory, can induce high-titer specific antibodies when it carries a B cell epitope, such as B cell epitopes of DPP4 (Dipeptidyl peptidase-4), xanthine oxidase. In this report, we describe a novel multi-epitope vaccine composing a peptide of URAT1, an anti-diabetic B epitope of insulinoma antigen-2(IA-2) and a Th2 epitope (P2:IPALDSLTPANED) of P277 peptide in human heat shock protein 60 (HSP60). Immunization with the multi-epitope vaccine in streptozotocin-induced diabetes C57BL/6J mice successfully induced specific anti-URAT1 antibody, which inhibited URAT1 action and uric acid reabsorption, and increased pancreatic insulin level with a lower insulitis incidence. Vaccination with U-IA-2(5)-P2-1 (UIP-1) significantly reduced blood glucose and uric acid level, increased Th2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-4, and regulated immune reactions through a balanced Th1/Th2 ratio. These results demonstrate that the URAT1-based multi-epitope peptide vaccine may be a suitable therapeutic approach for diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Ma
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Huimin Cao
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhixin Li
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jinzhi Fang
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiaomin Wei
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Peng Cheng
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Rui Jiao
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ya Li
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yun Xing
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jiali Tang
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Liang Jin
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Taiming Li
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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El Ridi R, Tallima H. Physiological functions and pathogenic potential of uric acid: A review. J Adv Res 2017; 8:487-493. [PMID: 28748115 PMCID: PMC5512149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uric acid is synthesized mainly in the liver, intestines and the vascular endothelium as the end product of an exogenous pool of purines, and endogenously from damaged, dying and dead cells, whereby nucleic acids, adenine and guanine, are degraded into uric acid. Mentioning uric acid generates dread because it is the established etiological agent of the severe, acute and chronic inflammatory arthritis, gout and is implicated in the initiation and progress of the metabolic syndrome. Yet, uric acid is the predominant anti-oxidant molecule in plasma and is necessary and sufficient for induction of type 2 immune responses. These properties may explain its protective potential in neurological and infectious diseases, mainly schistosomiasis. The pivotal protective potential of uric acid against blood-borne pathogens and neurological and autoimmune diseases is yet to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashika El Ridi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Hatem Tallima
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Cairo, Egypt
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