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Hu S, He L, Chen B, You Y. Apelin-13 attenuates depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress via activating AMPK/PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway. Peptides 2022; 156:170847. [PMID: 35908670 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress induces neuronal death and impairs hippocampal neurogenesis, thus leading to cognitive deficits and depressive-like behaviors. Our previous studies found that apelin-13, a novel neuropeptide, and its receptors can improve cognitive impairment and depressive-like behaviors in rats, but its mechanism remains unknown. The study aims to evaluate the underlying mechanism of apelin-13 on cognitive impairment and depressive-like behaviors. A 4-week chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is used to establish a rat model of depression. Apelin-13(2 ug/day) is administered daily to the rats during the last 1 week. Depressive-like behaviors, including tail suspension test (TST) and sucrose preference test (SPT), are performed. The cognitive functions are established by identify index of novel objects recognition test (NORT) and the number of crossing hidden platform in morris water maze (MWM). The neuronal death is measured by popidium iodide (PI) and flow cytometry. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-PX) in the hippocampus are determined. The protein expressions of p-AMPK, AMPK, BDNF, FNDC5 and PGC-1α are examined. Golgi staining observed the spine dendritic arborization of the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) subregion. Results showed that apelin-13 improves cognitive impairment and ameliorates depressive-like behaviors. Moreover, apelin-13 significantly inhibits neuronal death via AMPK/PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway. Taken together, apelin-13 could exert antidepressant effects via protecting neuron functions, which might be related to the activation of AMPK/PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Department of Neurology, Haikou, Hainan 570216, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Brain Research and Transformation, Hainan 571199, China; International Center for Aging and Cancer (ICAC), Hainan Medical University, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Lu He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Bin Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Department of Neurology, Haikou, Hainan 570216, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Brain Research and Transformation, Hainan 571199, China; International Center for Aging and Cancer (ICAC), Hainan Medical University, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Yong You
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Department of Neurology, Haikou, Hainan 570216, China; First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Neurology, Hengyang, Hunan 431001, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Brain Research and Transformation, Hainan 571199, China; International Center for Aging and Cancer (ICAC), Hainan Medical University, Hainan 571199, China.
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Zhang Y, Yu W, Liu Y, Chang W, Wang M, Zhang L. Regulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 as a potential therapeutic target in intracerebral hemorrhage. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:995518. [PMID: 36245922 PMCID: PMC9559574 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.995518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic stroke can be categorized into several subtypes. The most common is intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), which exhibits significant morbidity and mortality, affecting the lives of millions of people worldwide every year. Brain injury after ICH includes the primary injury that results from direct compression as well as stimulation by the hematoma and secondary brain injury (SBI) that is due to ischemia and hypoxia in the penumbra around the hematoma. A number of recent studies have analyzed the mechanisms producing the oxidative stress and inflammation that develop following hematoma formation and are associated with the ICH induced by the SBI as well as the resulting neurological dysfunction. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a critical component in mediating oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory response. We summarize the pathological mechanisms of ICH focusing on oxidative stress and the regulatory role of Nrf2, and review the mechanisms regulating Nrf2 at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels by influencing gene expression levels, protein stability, subcellular localization, and synergistic effects with other transcription factors. We further reviewing the efficacy of several Nrf2 activators in the treatment of ICH in experimental ICH models. Activation of Nrf2 might produce antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuron-protection effects, which could potentially be a focus for developing future treatments and prevention of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Zhang,
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenguang Chang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Man Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Leonurine Reduces Oxidative Stress and Provides Neuroprotection against Ischemic Injury via Modulating Oxidative and NO/NOS Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710188. [PMID: 36077582 PMCID: PMC9456230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leonurine (Leo) has been found to have neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemic injury. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying its neuroprotective ability remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether Leo could provide protection through the nitric oxide (NO)/nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway. We firstly explored the effects of NO/NOS signaling on oxidative stress and apoptosis in in vivo and in vitro models of cerebral ischemia. Further, we evaluated the protective effects of Leo against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells. We found that the rats showed anxiety-like behavior, and the morphology and number of neurons were changed in a model of photochemically induced cerebral ischemia. Both in vivo and in vitro results show that the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) contents were decreased after ischemia, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased, indicating that cerebral ischemia induced oxidative stress and neuronal damage. Moreover, the contents of NO, total NOS, constitutive NOS (cNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) were increased after ischemia in rat and PC12 cells. Treatment with L-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nonselective NOS inhibitor, could reverse the change in NO/NOS expression and abolish these detrimental effects of ischemia. Leo treatment decreased ROS and MDA levels and increased the activity of SOD and GSH contents in PC12 cells exposed to OGD. Furthermore, Leo reduced NO/NOS production and cell apoptosis, decreased Bax expression and increased Bcl-2 levels in OGD-treated PC12 cells. All the data suggest that Leo protected against oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in cerebral ischemia by inhibiting the NO/NOS system. Our findings indicate that Leo could be a potential agent for the intervention of ischemic stroke and highlighted the NO/NOS-mediated oxidative stress signaling.
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Petsouki E, Cabrera SNS, Heiss EH. AMPK and NRF2: Interactive players in the same team for cellular homeostasis? Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:75-93. [PMID: 35918013 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
NRF2 (Nuclear factor E2 p45-related factor 2) is a stress responsive transcription factor lending cells resilience against oxidative, xenobiotic, and also nutrient or proteotoxic insults. AMPK (AMP-activated kinase), considered as prime regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, not only tunes metabolism to provide the cell at any time with sufficient ATP or building blocks, but also controls redox balance and inflammation. Due to observed overlapping cellular responses upon AMPK or NRF2 activation and common stressors impinging on both AMPK and NRF2 signaling, it is plausible to assume that AMPK and NRF2 signaling may interdepend and cooperate to readjust cellular homeostasis. After a short introduction of the two players this narrative review paints the current picture on how AMPK and NRF2 signaling might interact on the molecular level, and highlights their possible crosstalk in selected examples of pathophysiology or bioactivity of drugs and phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Petsouki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Faculty of Life Sciences, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Shara Natalia Sosa Cabrera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Faculty of Life Sciences, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences (VDS PhaNuSpo), University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Faculty of Life Sciences, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Hu S, Shen P, Chen B, Tian SW, You Y. Apelin-13 reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment via promoting glucocorticoid receptor expression and nuclear translocation (Manuscript-revision). Neurosci Lett 2022; 788:136850. [PMID: 36038029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is usually associated with cognitive decline, which is involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Apelin, a neuropeptide, exerts various biological roles in central nervous system. Recent evidence showed that apelin-13, an active form of apelin, suppresses neuroinflammation and improves cognitive decline in diverse pathological processes. However, the underlying mechanism of apelin-13 in neuroinflammation remains largely unknown. The present study aimed to determine underlying mechanism of apelin-13 on neuroinflammation-related cognitive decline. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) to is used to establish a rat model of neuroinflammation-related cognitive decline. The results showed that apelin-13 inhibits LPS-induced neuroinflammation and improves cognitive impairment. Apelin-13 upregulates the GR level and nuclear translocation in hippocampus of rats. Moreover, glucocorticoid receptor inhibitor RU486 prevents apelin-13-mediated neuroprotective actions on cognitive function. Taken together, apelin-13 could exert a protective effect in neuroinflammation-mediated cognitive impairment via the activation of GR expression and nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Department of Neurology, Haikou, Hainan, 570216, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Brain Research and Transformation, 571199, China; International Center for Aging and Cancer (ICAC), Hainan Medical University, 571199, China
| | - Pei Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan, 415000, China
| | - Bin Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Department of Neurology, Haikou, Hainan, 570216, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Brain Research and Transformation, 571199, China; International Center for Aging and Cancer (ICAC), Hainan Medical University, 571199, China
| | - Shao-Wen Tian
- Department of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541001, China.
| | - Yong You
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Department of Neurology, Haikou, Hainan, 570216, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Brain Research and Transformation, 571199, China; International Center for Aging and Cancer (ICAC), Hainan Medical University, 571199, China.
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Le J, Xiao X, Zhang D, Feng Y, Wu Z, Mao Y, Mou C, Xie Y, Chen X, Liu H, Cui W. Neuroprotective Effects of an Edible Pigment Brilliant Blue FCF against Behavioral Abnormity in MCAO Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081018. [PMID: 36015166 PMCID: PMC9414705 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke leads to hypoxia-induced neuronal death and behavioral abnormity, and is a major cause of death in the modern society. However, the treatments of this disease are limited. Brilliant Blue FCF (BBF) is an edible pigment used in the food industry that with multiple aromatic rings and sulfonic acid groups in its structure. BBF and its derivatives were proved to cross the blood-brain barrier and have advantages on the therapy of neuropsychiatric diseases. In this study, BBF, but not its derivatives, significantly ameliorated chemical hypoxia-induced cell death in HT22 hippocampal neuronal cell line. Moreover, protective effects of BBF were attributed to the inhibition of the extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) pathways as evidenced by Western blotting analysis and specific inhibitors. Furthermore, BBF significantly reduced neurological and behavioral abnormity, and decreased brain infarct volume and cerebral edema induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO) in rats. MCAO-induced increase of p-ERK in ischemic penumbra was reduced by BBF in rats. These results suggested that BBF prevented chemical hypoxia-induced otoxicity and MCAO-induced behavioral abnormity via the inhibition of the ERK and GSK3β pathways, indicating the potential use of BBF for treating ischemic stroke
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Cui
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-574-8760-9589
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Chi F, Zhang G, Ren N, Zhang J, Du F, Zheng X, Zhang C, Lin Z, Li R, Shi X, Zhu Y. The anti-alcoholism drug disulfiram effectively ameliorates ulcerative colitis through suppressing oxidative stresses-associated pyroptotic cell death and cellular inflammation in colonic cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109117. [PMID: 35969897 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress, cell pyroptosis and inflammation are considered as important pathogenic factors for ulcerative colitis (UC) development, and the traditional anti-alcoholism drug disulfiram (DSF) has recently been reported to exert its regulating effects on all the above cellular functions, which makes DSF as ideal therapeutic agent for UC treatment, but this issue has not been fully studied. METHODS Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced animal models in C57BL/6J mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cellular models in colonic cell lines (HT-29 and Caco-2) for UC were respectively established. Cytokine secretion was determined by ELISA. Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated by MTT assay and EdU assay. Real-Time qPCR, Western Blot, immunofluorescent staining assay and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were employed to evaluate gene expressions. The correlations of the genes in the clinical tissues were analyzed by using the Pearson Correlation analysis. RESULTS DSF restrained oxidative stress, pyroptotic cell death and cellular inflammation in UC models in vitro and in vivo, and elimination of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) rescued cell viability in LPS-treated colonic cells (HT-29 and Caco-2). Further experiments suggested that a glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)/Nrf2/NLRP3 signaling cascade played critical role in this process. Mechanistically, DSF downregulated GSK-3β and NLRP3, whereas upregulated Nrf2 in LPS-treated colonic cells. Also, the regulating effects of DSF on Nrf2 and NLRP3 were abrogated by upregulating GSK-3β. Moreover, upregulation of GSK-3β abolished the protective effects of DSF on LPS-treated colonic cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, data of this study indicated that DSF restrained oxidative damages-related pyroptotic cell death and inflammation via regulating the GSK-3β/Nrf2/NLRP3 pathway, leading to the suppression of LPS-induced UC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxu Chi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Qunli Seventh Street No. 2075, Daoli District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guangquan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shennan Middle Road No. 3025, Shenzhen 518033, China.
| | - Niansheng Ren
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Qunli Seventh Street No. 2075, Daoli District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Tumor Laparoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Road No. 23, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Fei Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shennan Middle Road No. 3025, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Xiyan Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shennan Middle Road No. 3025, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Qunli Seventh Street No. 2075, Daoli District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shennan Middle Road No. 3025, Shenzhen 518033, China
| | - Ruixi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shennan Middle Road No. 3025, Shenzhen 518033, China.
| | - Xianjie Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shennan Middle Road No. 3025, Shenzhen 518033, China.
| | - Yuekun Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Qunli Seventh Street No. 2075, Daoli District, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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Li J, Chen Z, Chen J, Yu Y. The beneficial roles of apelin-13/APJ system in cerebral ischemia: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903151. [PMID: 36034795 PMCID: PMC9399844 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cerebral ischemia has increased in the past decades, and the high fatality and disability rates seriously affect human health. Apelin is a bioactive peptide and the ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Both are ubiquitously expressed in the peripheral and central nervous systems, and regulate various physiological and pathological process in the cardiovascular, nervous and endocrine systems. Apelin-13 is one of the subtypes of apelin, and the apelin-13/APJ signaling pathway protects against cerebral ischemia by promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting excitotoxicity and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we have discussed the role of apelin-13 in the regulation of cerebral ischemia and the underlying mechanisms, along with the therapeutic potential of the apelin-13/APJ signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- Department of Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Chen, ; Yue Yu,
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Chen, ; Yue Yu,
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Zhou Y, Huang D, Cai Y, Wang M, Ma W, Jiang Z, Liu M. lncRNA DHFRL1‑4 knockdown attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by upregulating the levels of angiogenesis‑related genes. Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:108. [PMID: 35762310 PMCID: PMC9239036 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of long non-coding (lncRNA) dihydrofolate reductase-like 1 (DHFRL1-4) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury. For this purpose, mice injected with lentivirus with small interfering RNA targeting DHFRL1-4 or negative control siRNA were used to construct models of cerebral I/R injury. Following the establishment of the model, the infarct size, neurological deficit score, apoptosis and the expression levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Wnt family member 3a (Wnt3a), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and phosphorylated GSK-3β were assessed. The expression of DHFRL1-4 was significantly upregulated in the I/R model. In the control and sham groups, the boundaries between the cortex and gray matter were clear, and no edema or necrosis were observed. The nerve cells were arranged orderly and evenly, and the cell membranes were intact with visible nucleus and nucleolus. In the model group however, the nerve fibers were slightly necrotic and swollen, and the number of nerve cells was reduced. In the mice injected with si-DHFRL1-4 lentivirus, the brain tissues exhibited less liquefaction and degeneration, as well as less edema. Compared with the control and sham groups, the model group had a significantly larger infarct area, a higher apoptotic rate, higher bFGF, VEGF, Wnt3a and GSK-3β expression levels and a greater neurological deficit score. However, the mice injected with si-DHFRL1-4 lentivirus exhibited a significantly reduced infarct area, a lower apoptotic rate, lower Wnt3a and GSK-3β expression levels, a lower neurological deficit score, and significantly upregulated bFGF and VEGF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Dezhi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Wenjia Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zhongzhong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Wang X, Zhang L, Li P, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Ji S. Apelin/APJ system in inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sakuma R, Kobayashi M, Kobashi R, Onishi M, Maeda M, Kataoka Y, Imaoka S. Brain Pericytes Acquire Stemness via the Nrf2-Dependent Antioxidant System. Stem Cells 2022; 40:641-654. [PMID: 35353891 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pericytes (PCs) are a mural support cell population elongated at intervals along the walls of capillaries. Recent studies reported that PCs are multipotent cells that are activated in response to tissue injury and contribute to the regenerative process. Using a C.B-17 mouse model of ischemic stroke, it has been proposed that normal brain pericytes (nPCs) are converted to ischemic pericytes (iPCs), some of which function as multipotent stem cells. Furthermore, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) promoted mesenchymal-epithelial transition in nPCs; however, nestin was not induced under OGD conditions. Therefore, further studies are needed to elucidate the PC reprogramming phenomenon. We herein isolated nPCs from the cortex of C.B-17 mice, and compared the traits of iPCs and nPCs. The results obtained showed that nPCs and iPCs shared common pericytic markers. Furthermore, intercellular levels of reactive oxygen species and the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key player in antioxidant defenses, were higher in iPCs than in nPCs. OGD/reoxygenation and a treatment with tBHQ, an Nrf2 inducer, increased nestin levels in nPCs. Moreover, epithelial marker levels, including nestin, Sox2, and CDH1 (E-cadherin) mRNAs, were elevated in Nrf2-overexpressing PCs, which formed neurosphere-like cell clusters that differentiated into Tuj1-positive neurons. The present results demonstrate that oxidative stress and Nrf2 are required for the generation of stem cells after stroke and will contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Sakuma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Miku Kobayashi
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Rui Kobashi
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mako Onishi
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Maeda
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yosky Kataoka
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Susumu Imaoka
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
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Yin BF, Li ZL, Yan ZQ, Guo Z, Liang JW, Wang Q, Zhao ZD, Li PL, Hao RC, Han MY, Li XT, Mao N, Ding L, Chen DF, Gao Y, Zhu H. Psoralen alleviates radiation-induced bone injury by rescuing skeletal stem cell stemness through AKT-mediated upregulation of GSK-3β and NRF2. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:241. [PMID: 35672836 PMCID: PMC9172007 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02911-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repairing radiation-induced bone injuries remains a significant challenge in the clinic, and few effective medicines are currently available. Psoralen is a principal bioactive component of Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik and has been reported to have antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and pro-osteogenesis activities. However, less information is available regarding the role of psoralen in the treatment of radiation-induced bone injury. In this study, we explored the modulatory effects of psoralen on skeletal stem cells and their protective effects on radiation-induced bone injuries. METHODS The protective effects of psoralen on radiation-induced osteoporosis and irradiated bone defects were evaluated by microCT and pathological analysis. In addition, the cell proliferation, osteogenesis, and self-renewal of SSCs were explored. Further, the underlying mechanisms of the protective of psoralen were investigated by using RNA sequencing and functional gain and loss experiments in vitro and in vivo. Statistical significance was analyzed using Student's t test. The one-way ANOVA was used in multiple group data analysis. RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that psoralen, a natural herbal extract, mitigated radiation-induced bone injury (irradiation-induced osteoporosis and irradiated bone defects) in mice partially by rescuing the stemness of irradiated skeletal stem cells. Mechanistically, psoralen restored the stemness of skeletal stem cells by alleviating the radiation-induced suppression of AKT/GSK-3β and elevating NRF2 expression in skeletal stem cells. Furthermore, the expression of KEAP1 in skeletal stem cells did not significantly change in the presence of psoralen. Moreover, blockade of NRF2 in vivo partially abolished the promising effects of psoralen in a murine model of irradiation-induced osteoporosis and irradiated bone regeneration. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings identified psoralen as a potential medicine to mitigate bone radiation injury. In addition, skeletal stem cells and AKT-GSK-3β and NRF2 may thus represent therapeutic targets for treating radiation-induced bone injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Feng Yin
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ling Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Qiao Yan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Road Fuxing 28, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Road Fuxing 28, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Medical Center of Air Forces, PLA, Road Fucheng 30, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Wu Liang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Road Fuxing 28, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Medical Center of Air Forces, PLA, Road Fucheng 30, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Road Fuxing 28, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Medical Center of Air Forces, PLA, Road Fucheng 30, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Dong Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Road Fuxing 28, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Medical Center of Air Forces, PLA, Road Fucheng 30, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Lin Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Cong Hao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan Qu, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yue Han
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan Qu, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tong Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Mao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ding
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China. .,Medical Center of Air Forces, PLA, Road Fucheng 30, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China.
| | - Da-Fu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Eastern Street Xinjiekou 31, Beijing, 100035, China.
| | - Yue Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heng Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China. .,Graduate School of Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Shushan Qu, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
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63
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Peng D, Qiao HZ, Tan HY, Wang YX, Luo D, Qiao LJ, Cai YF, Zhang SJ, Wang Q, Guan L. Ligustilide ameliorates cognitive impairment via AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in vascular dementia rat. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1401-1414. [PMID: 35420377 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. Ligustilide (LIG) is one of the main active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines, such as Angelica. Studies have reported that LIG could protect against VaD. However, the mechanism is still confused. In this study, we employed a bilateral common carotid artery occlusion rat model to study. LIG (20 or 40 mg/kg/day) and Nimodipine (20 mg/kg) were orally administered to the VaD rats for four weeks. Morris water maze test showed that LIG effectively ameliorated learning and memory impairment in VaD rats. LIG obviously reduced neuronal oxidative stress damage and the level of homocysteine in the brain of VaD rats. Western blot results showed that pro-apoptotic protein Bax and cleaved caspase 3 increased and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 decreased in the hippocampi of VaD rats. But after LIG treatment, these changes were reversed. Moreover, Nissl staining result showed that LIG could reduce neuronal degeneration in VaD rats. Furthermore, LIG enhanced the expressions of P-AMPK and Sirtuin1(SIRT1) in VaD rats. In conclusion, these studies indicated that LIG could ameliorate cognitive impairment in VaD rats, which might be related to AMPK/SIRT1 pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Peng
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han-Zi Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yu Tan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Xue Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jun Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Feng Cai
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Li Guan
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Cai J, Liang J, Zhang Y, Shen L, Lin H, Hu T, Zhan S, Xie M, Liang S, Xian M, Wang S. Cyclo-(Phe-Tyr) as a novel cyclic dipeptide compound alleviated ischemic stroke reperfusion brain injury via JUNB/JNK/NF-κB and SOX5/PI3K/AKT pathways. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106230. [PMID: 35483515 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke reperfusion (IR) can cause adverse reactions including apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation, but the existing therapeutic strategies have been limited. Moreover, the regulation of microglia plays an important role in brain injury after reperfusion. Hence, it is imperative to find new and effective drugs for modulating microglia to treat IR brain injury. Cyclic peptide compound cyclo-(Phe-Tyr) (Sparganin C, SC) is a compound isolated from Sparganii Rhizoma. However, the protective effects of SC on the central nervous system are rather unclear. In an attempt to elucidate the protective effects and mechanism of SC on cerebral damage induced by the IR, we used a middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R) model in rats and discovered that SC significantly decreased the size of cerebral infarcts, improved neurological scores, and blocked inflammatory and oxidative factor release. Using RNA-Seq and metabolomics association analyses, SC was shown to have a protective impact through the JUNB and SOX5-related pathways. Metabolomic analysis revealed twenty-eight differentially expressed biomarkers. In addition, the detection of SC content in brain tissue using LC/MS revealed that SC had blood-brain barrier penetration. To investigate the mechanism, we established an in vitro BV2 cell oxygen-glucose deprived re-oxygenation (OGD/R) model and used siRNA as well as an inhibitor. The protective effects of SC were dependent on the JUNB and SOX5 to inhibit inflammation and apoptosis in microglia. Our findings revealed for the first that SC against IR injury by reducing inflammation and apoptosis while simultaneously acting as potential therapeutic lead compound for ischemic stroke.
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Key Words
- 1-Deoxy-1-(N6-lysino)-D-fructose (PubChem CID: 433981164)
- 10Z
- 13Z
- 16Z)/16:0) (PubChem CID: 52923621)
- 2-O-(5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoyl)-1-O-hexadecylglycero-3-phosphocholine (PubChem CID: 10485310)
- Alanyl-Arginine (PubChem CID: 446132), PC (16:0/15:0) (PubChem CID: 24778680)
- Cyclo(Tyr-Phe) (PubChem CID: 44198062)
- Cyclo-(Phe-Tyr)
- Diacetone alcohol (PubChem CID: 31256)
- Homoanserine (PubChem CID: 20849429)
- Ischemic stroke reperfusion
- JUNB
- Methyl jasmonate (PubChem CID: 5281929)
- PC(22:4(7Z
- PC(P-18:1(11Z)/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)) (PubChem CID: 53480781)
- RNA-sequence
- SOX5
- metabolomics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Cai
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiayin Liang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huiting Lin
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sikai Zhan
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meixia Xie
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shengwang Liang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minghua Xian
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shumei Wang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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65
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Vascular Functional Effect Mechanisms of Elabela in Rat Thoracic Aorta. Ann Vasc Surg 2022; 84:381-397. [PMID: 35472496 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elabela is a recently discovered peptide hormone. The present study aims to investigate the vasorelaxant effect mechanisms of elabela in the rat thoracic aorta. METHODS The vascular rings obtained from the thoracic aortas of the male Wistar Albino rats were placed in the isolated tissue bath system. Resting tension was set to 1 gram. After the equilibration period, the vessel rings were contracted with phenylephrine or potassium chloride. Once a stable contraction was achieved, elabela-32 was applied cumulatively (10-9 - 10-6 molar) to the vascular rings. The experimental protocol was repeated in the presence of specific signaling pathway inhibitors or potassium channel blockers to determine the effect mechanisms of elabela. RESULTS Elabela showed a significant vasorelaxant effect in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.001). The vasorelaxant effect level of elabela was significantly reduced by the apelin receptor antagonist F13A, cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibitor dorsomorphin, protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolmaleimide, large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel blocker iberiotoxin, and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel blocker TRAM-34 (p < 0.001). However, the vasorelaxant effect level of elabela was not significantly affected by the endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor U0126. CONCLUSIONS Elabela exhibits a prominent vasodilator effect in rat thoracic aorta. Apelin receptor, prostanoids, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, protein kinase C, and calcium-activated potassium channels are involved in the vasorelaxant effect mechanisms of elabela.
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66
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Gazmeh S, Azhir M, Elyasi L, Jahanshahi M, Nikmahzar E, Jameie SB. Apelin-13 protects against memory impairment and neuronal loss, Induced by Scopolamine in male rats. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:701-709. [PMID: 34982353 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Apelin-13 on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats. Forty male rats were divided into five groups of eight. The control group received no intervention; the scopolamine group underwent stereotaxic surgery and received 3 mg/kg intraperitoneal scopolamine. The treatment groups additionally received 1.25, 2.5 and 5 µg apelin-13 in right lateral ventricles for 7 days. All rats (except the control group) were tested for the passive avoidance reaction, 24 h after the last drug injection. For histological analysis, hippocampal sections were stained with cresyl violet; synaptogenesis biochemical markers were determined by immunoblotting. Apelin-13 alleviated scopolamine-induced passive avoidance memory impairment and neuronal loss in the rats' hippocampus (P<0.001). The reduction observed in mean concentrations of hippocampal synaptic proteins (including neurexin1, neuroligin, and postsynaptic density protein 95) in scopolamine-treated animals was attenuated by apelin-13 treatment. The results demonstrated that apelin-13 can protect against passive avoidance memory deficiency, and neuronal loss, induced by scopolamine in male rats. Further experimental and clinical studies are required to confirm its therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gazmeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Maryam Azhir
- Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Leila Elyasi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Km 4 Gorgan-Sari Road (Shastcola), Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Jahanshahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Km 4 Gorgan-Sari Road (Shastcola), Gorgan, Iran
| | - Emsehgol Nikmahzar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyed Behnamedin Jameie
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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67
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Inhibition of apelin/APJ axis enhances the potential of dendritic cell-based vaccination to modulate TH1 and TH2 cell-related immune responses in an animal model of metastatic breast cancer. Adv Med Sci 2022; 67:170-178. [PMID: 35290873 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumors reduces the effectiveness of immunotherapies. Apelin as an immunosuppressor peptide is expressed in the microenvironment of many tumors. Thus, inhibition of apelin-related protumor activities can promote the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we investigated the efficacy of a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine in combination with an apelin receptor antagonist, ML221, to modulate Th1 and Th2 cell-related responses in breast cancer-bearing mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor was induced in female BALB/c mice by injecting 7 × 105 4T1 cells in the right flank. Tumor-bearing mice were then given PBS, ML221, DC vaccine and "ML221 + DC vaccine" for 21 days. On day 37, mice were sacrificed and the frequency of Th1/Th2 cells in spleen and serum levels of IFN-γ/IL-10 were determined using flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Lung metastasis was evaluated in lung tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS Combination therapy with ML221 + DC vaccination was more effective in reducing tumor growth (P < 0.0001), preventing lung metastasis (P < 0.0001) and increasing survival rate (P < 0.01) compared to the control group. Moreover, combination treatment substantially increased the frequency of Th1 cells while decreasing the frequency of Th2 cells in the spleen compared to the control group (P < 0.01). It also reduced serum levels of IL-10 compared with the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings showed that combination therapy using ML221 + DC vaccine can be considered as an effective cancer therapeutic program to potentiate anti-tumor immune responses.
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68
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Shen X, Yuan G, Li B, Cao C, Cao D, Wu J, Li X, Li H, Shen H, Wang Z, Chen G. Apelin-13 attenuates early brain injury through inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis in rats after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2107-2118. [PMID: 35000047 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early brain injury (EBI) has been considered as the major contributor to the neurological dysfunction and poor clinical outcomes of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Studies showed that apelin-13 exhibits a neuroprotective effect in brain damage induced by cerebral ischemia. However, it remains unclear whether apelin-13 could exhibit the protective functions following SAH. The present study aimed to validate the neuroprotective role of apelin-13 in SAH, and further investigated the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS We constructed SAH rat model and we found that apelin-13 significantly alleviated neurological disorder and brain edema, improved memory deficits in SAH rats. Apelin-13 treatment decreased contents of TNF-α and IL-1β in cerebral spinal fluid of SAH rat by using ELISA. Apelin-13 treatment promoted the expression of APJ and Bcl-2, and decreased the level of active caspase-3 and Bax in the temporal cortex after SAH by using western blot. Also, apelin-13 attenuated the cortical cell death and neuronal degeneration as shown by TUNEL, FJB and Nissl staining. However, ML221, an inhibitor of APJ, significantly reversed all the above neuroprotective effects of apelin-13. Moreover, a neuron-microglia co-culture system, which mimic SAH in vitro, confirmed the protective effect of apelin-13 on neurons and the inhibitory effect on inflammation through apoptosis-related proteins. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that apelin-13 exhibit a neuroprotective role after SAH through inhibition of apoptosis in an APJ dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 160, Pujian Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Guiqiang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurocritical Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Demao Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
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Li K, Jiang J, Shi Z, Zhan L, Peng L, Sun W, Tang Y, Zuo X, Xu E. Neuroprotective Effects of Rhodiola Sacra on Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia Through Activating AMPK/Nrf2 Pathway in Rats. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:567-591. [PMID: 34714119 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Rhodiola sacra is a widely used pharmaceutical component with multiple functions, including anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. However, the exact mechanisms involved in neuroprotection against transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI) remain to be elucidated. Herein, we aim at closing the gap in understanding on whether rhodiola sacra reduces neuronal death in hippocampal CA1 and at demonstrating how rhodiola sacra offers neuroprotection after tGCI. Results: The results show that rhodiola sacra (2.4 g/kg/d by feeding) pretreatment or/and postreatment significantly alleviated neuronal injury, inhibited glial activation, and improved cognitive function in male rats subjected to tGCI. The neuroprotection of prophylaxis with rhodiola sacra is equivalent to that of therapeutics. The binding mode of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α2-subunit with rhodiola sacra was predicted by molecular docking. Further, rhodiola sacra upregulates phosphorylated AMPK and promotes nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). In addition, rhodiola sacra increases heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and activity and reduces malondialdehyde (MDA) content in CA1 after tGCI. However, the neuroprotection of rhodiola sacra is abolished by Nrf2 knockdown with small interfering RNA (siRNA) after tGCI. Similarly, the inhibition of AMPK with Compound C or siRNA against AMPK α2 aggravates neuronal death after tGCI through decreasing nuclear Nrf2 and the expression and activity of HO-1, and by increasing the release of MDA. Innovation and Conclusion: For the first time, this study demonstrates that as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent rhodiola sacra prevents oxidant stress, protects neurons, and improves cognitive function through activating the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway in tGCI rats. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 567-591.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongping Li
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Qingyuan, Qingyuan, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, The People's Hospital of Qingyuan, Qingyuan, China
| | - Lixuan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linhui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xialin Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - En Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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70
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Luteolin Protects Chondrocytes from H2O2-Induced Oxidative Injury and Attenuates Osteoarthritis Progression by Activating AMPK-Nrf2 Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5635797. [PMID: 35154568 PMCID: PMC8825676 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5635797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease featured by cartilage erosion and inflammation. Luteolin, a member of the flavonoid family, has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. However, the potential biological effects and underlying mechanism of luteolin on chondrocytes and OA progression remain largely elusive. In this study, the potential effect and mechanism of luteolin on OA were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Our data revealed that luteolin inhibited H2O2-induced cell death, apoptosis, oxidative stress, programmed necrosis, and inflammatory mediator production in primary murine chondrocytes. In addition, luteolin could activate the AMPK and Nrf2 pathways, and AMPK serves as a positive upstream regulator of Nrf2. In vivo results demonstrated the therapeutic effects of luteolin on OA in the DMM mouse model. Collectively, our findings showed that luteolin might serve as a novel and effective treatment for OA and provided a new research direction for clinical OA therapies.
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71
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He H, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Xu J, Yang Y, Chen J. Folic Acid Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Osteoporosis Through the AMPK Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:791880. [PMID: 35047504 PMCID: PMC8762056 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.791880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Obesity caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) will expand adipose tissue and cause chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, leading to osteoporosis. Folic acid (FA) is a water-soluble vitamin that plays an essential role in regulating blood lipids and antioxidants. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of FA in osteoporosis induced by an HFD remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of FA on bone health by using HFD-induced osteoporosis mice. Materials and Methods: Mice were fed a normal diet, HFD or an HFD supplemented with FA (20 μg/ml in drinking water) for 16 weeks. Throughout the 16 weeks study period, the rats were weighed once every week. GTT, ITT and lipid indexes were detected to evaluate the effects of FA on lipid metabolism in the HFD-fed mice. Morphological and structural changes of the femur and tibial bone were observed using micro-CT, HE staining and bone conversion parameters. The expression of MDA, SOD and inflammatory factors were detected to evaluate the effects of FA on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the HFD-fed mice. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot (WB) were used to investigate the AMPK signaling pathway. Results: After the intervention of FA, the body fat rate of obese mice was reduced, and related metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and systemic inflammation were alleviated. In correlation with those modifications, FA attenuated bone loss and improved bone microarchitecture, accompanied the number of osteoclasts and adipocytes decreased. Furthermore, FA promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK, thereby promoting the expression of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion: These findings suggest that FA may modulate lipid metabolism and oxidative stress responses activating the AMPK signaling pathway, thereby alleviating HFD-induced osteoporosis. The results from our study provide experimental evidence to prevent HFD-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiting He
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaxi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuzhen Yang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jihua Chen
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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72
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ZHANG X, GUO D, ZHANG X, ZHANG W, WANG T, ZHANG L. Three-N-butyphthalide alleviates early brain injury caused via subarachnoid hemorrhage via activating the LKB-1/ (AMP-activated protein kinase) pathway. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.86321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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73
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Paul D, Mohankumar SK, Thomas RS, Kheng CB, Basavan D. Potential implications of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 blockades on neuroinflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:364-372. [PMID: 34732115 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666211103165837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been reported as a portal for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Consequently, scientific strategies to combat coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) were targeted to arrest SARS-CoV-2 invasion by blocking ACE2. While blocking ACE2 appears a beneficial approach to treat COVID-19, clinical concerns have been raised primarily due to the various intrinsic roles of ACE2 in neurological functions. Selective reports indicate that angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) upregulate ACE2 levels. ACE2 metabolizes angiotensin II and several peptides, including apelin-13, neurotensin, kinetensin, dynorphin, [des-Arg9] bradykinin, and [Lys-des-Arg9]-bradykinin, which may elicit neuroprotective effects. Since ARBs and ACEIs upregulate ACE2, it may be hypothesized that patients with hypertension receiving ARBs and ACEIs may have higher expression of ACE2 and thus be at a greater risk of severe disease from the SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, recent clinical reports indicate the beneficial role of ARBs/ACEIs in reducing COVID-19 severity. Together, this warrants a further study of the effects of ACE2 blockades in hypertensive patients medicated with ARBs/ACEIs, and their consequential impact on neuronal health. However, the associations between their blockade and any neuroinflammation also warrant further research. OBJECTIVE This review collates mechanistic insights into the dichotomous roles of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 invasion and neurometabolic functions and the possible impact of ACE2 blockade on neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION It has been concluded that ACE2 blockade imposes neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepraj Paul
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rocklands, Ooty, The Nilgiris 643001, Tamil Nadu. India
| | - Suresh Kumar Mohankumar
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Wales SA2 8PP. United Kingdom
| | - Rhian S Thomas
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Wales SA2 8PP. United Kingdom
| | - Chai Boon Kheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei City 11529. Taiwan
| | - Duraiswamy Basavan
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rocklands, Ooty, The Nilgiris 643001, Tamil Nadu. India
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74
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Adipokines as Immune Cell Modulators in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910845. [PMID: 34639186 PMCID: PMC8509121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), is a major clinical and societal problem, which has a tremendous impact on the life of patients and their proxies. Current immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory therapies prove to be relatively effective; however, they fail to concomitantly stop ongoing neurological deterioration and do not reverse acquired disability. The proportion to which genetic and environmental factors contribute to the etiology of MS is still incompletely understood; however, a recent association between MS etiology and obesity was shown, with obesity greatly increasing the risk of developing MS. An altered balance of adipokines, which are white adipose tissue (WAT) hormones, plays an important role in the low-grade chronic inflammation during obesity by their pervasive modification of local and systemic inflammation. Vice versa, inflammatory factors secreted by immune cells affect adipokine function. To explore the role of adipokines in MS pathology, we will here review the reciprocal effects of adipokines and immune cells and summarize alterations in adipokine levels in MS patient cohorts. Finally, we will discuss proof-of-concept studies demonstrating the therapeutic potential of adipokines to target both neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration processes in MS.
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75
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Wan T, Fu M, Jiang Y, Jiang W, Li P, Zhou S. Research Progress on Mechanism of Neuroprotective Roles of Apelin-13 in Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:205-217. [PMID: 34518975 PMCID: PMC8436866 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Currently, more than 50 million people live with dementia worldwide, and this number is expected to increase. Some of the typical pathological changes of AD include amyloid plaque, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, secretion of inflammatory mediators, and neuronal apoptosis. Apelin is a neuroprotective peptide that is widely expressed in the body. Among members of apelin family, apelin-13 is the most abundant with a high neuroprotective function. Apelin-13/angiotensin domain type 1 receptor-associated proteins (APJ) system regulates several physiological and pathophysiological cell activities, such as apoptosis, autophagy, synaptic plasticity, and neuroinflammation. It has also been shown to prevent AD development. This article reviews the research progress on the relationship between apelin-13 and AD to provide new ideas for prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China.,Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyuan Fu
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423043, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Peiling Li
- Department of Physiology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Shouhong Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China. .,Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China.
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76
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Apelin-13 attenuates injury following ischemic stroke by targeting matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), endothelin- B receptor, occludin/claudin-5 and oxidative stress. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 118:102015. [PMID: 34454018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, an adverse consequence of brain ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), activates matrix metalloproteinase enzymes which cause to destruction of extracellular matrix and tight junction proteins. Oxidative stress during stroke increases serum endothelin-1 and endothelin B receptor (ETBR) expression. Apelin-13, an endogenous peptide, is expressed in numerous tissues that regulate diverse physiological and pathological processes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of intravenous (IV) injection of apelin-13 on cerebral vasogenic edema due to brain IRI. Animals were divided into sham, ischemia, and treat groups. IRI model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 60 min followed by 23 h reperfusion. Apelin-13 was injected into the tail vein 5 min before reperfusion. Neurological defects were evaluated with longa test. Brain water content and BBB permeability were assessed according to cerebral dry-wet weight and brain Evans blue extraction. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured using the colorimetric method. Expression of occludin and claudin-5, matrix metalloproteinase- 2 and 9 (MMP-2 & 9) and, ETBR were evaluated using Western blot. Brain IRI was associated with BBB breakdowns and vasogenic edema. Apelin-13 significantly reduced BBB permeability and vasogenic edema. Apelin-13 significantly attenuated IRI-related oxidative stress. Apelin-13 decreased expression of mmp-2, 9 and ETBR, prevented from decrement of occludin and claudin-5 expersion, which protected BBB integrity and reduced vasogenic edema. In conclusion, our results have suggested that an IV injection of apelin-13 could somehow reduce vasogenic edema via targeting oxidative stress and ETBR expression.
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77
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Farina M, Vieira LE, Buttari B, Profumo E, Saso L. The Nrf2 Pathway in Ischemic Stroke: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:5001. [PMID: 34443584 PMCID: PMC8399750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, characterized by the sudden loss of blood flow in specific area(s) of the brain, is the leading cause of permanent disability and is among the leading causes of death worldwide. The only approved pharmacological treatment for acute ischemic stroke (intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) has significant clinical limitations and does not consider the complex set of events taking place after the onset of ischemic stroke (ischemic cascade), which is characterized by significant pro-oxidative events. The transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates the expression of a great number of antioxidant and/or defense proteins, has been pointed as a potential pharmacological target involved in the mitigation of deleterious oxidative events taking place at the ischemic cascade. This review summarizes studies concerning the protective role of Nrf2 in experimental models of ischemic stroke, emphasizing molecular events resulting from ischemic stroke that are, in parallel, modulated by Nrf2. Considering the acute nature of ischemic stroke, we discuss the challenges in using a putative pharmacological strategy (Nrf2 activator) that relies upon transcription, translation and metabolically active cells in treating ischemic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Farina
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil;
| | - Leonardo Eugênio Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil;
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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78
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Yan L, Ren H, Yuan F, Shi W, Wang Y, Luo H. Molecular mechanism of apelin-13 regulation of colonic motility in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 904:174149. [PMID: 33961873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is a novel neuropeptide identified as the endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor. Apelin and its receptor are widely distributed in the gastrointestinal tract. Studies have reported that apelin-13 is involved in modulating gastrointestinal motility; however, the evidence is insufficient and the relevant mechanism is still not fully clear. Consequently, our study designed to explore the effect induced by exogenous apelin-13, to analyze the mechanism of action in isolated rat colons and colonic smooth muscle cells. The spontaneous contractions of colonic smooth muscle strips from rat were measured in an organ bath system. L-type calcium currents and large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) currents in rat colonic smooth muscle cells were investigated using the electrophysiological patch-clamp technique. Apelin-13 decreased the spontaneous contractile activity of colonic smooth muscle strips in a dose-dependent manner, and the inhibitory effect was not abolished by tetrodotoxin. The electrophysiological recordings revealed that apelin-13 reduced the crest currents of L-type calcium in a concentration-dependent manner in colonic smooth muscle cells at the test potential of 0 mV. Moreover, apelin-13 moved the current-voltage (I-V) curves of L-type calcium channels upward, but did not change their contour. Furthermore, the characteristics of L-type calcium channels with steady-state activation and steady-state inactivation were not significantly changed. Similarly, application of apelin-13 also significantly decreased BKCa currents in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, apelin-13 inhibited the spontaneous contractile activity of isolated rat colons via the suppression of L-type calcium channels and BKCa channels in colonic smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Haixia Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fangting Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenyao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Huang Y, Guo Y, Huang L, Fang Y, Li D, Liu R, Lu Q, Ren R, Tang L, Lian L, Hu Y, Tang J, Chen G, Zhang JH. Kisspeptin-54 attenuates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats via GPR54/ARRB2/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:99-111. [PMID: 33989759 PMCID: PMC8388553 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-induced neuron apoptosis plays a crucial role in the early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Kisspeptin has been reported as antioxidant to reduce oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death through G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54). The goal of this study was to determine the neuroprotection of the Kisspeptin/GRP54 signaling pathway against EBI after SAH. Two hundred and ninety-two Sprague Dawley male rats were used and SAH was induced by the endovascular perforation. Exogenous Kisspeptin 54 (KP54) was delivered intranasally. Small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) for endogenous KISS1, a selective GPR54 antagonist kisspeptin 234, or β-arrestin 2 siRNA for ARRB2 (a functional adaptor of GPR54) were administered intracerebroventricularly. Post-SAH evaluations included neurobehavioral tests, SAH grade, Western blot, immunofluorescence, Fluoro-Jade C, TUNEL, and Nissl staining. The results showed that endogenous KISS1 knockdown aggravated but exogenous KP54 (1.0 nmol/kg) treatment attenuated neurological deficits, brain oxidative stress, and neuronal apoptosis at 24 h after SAH. The benefits of KP54 persisted to 28 days after SAH, which significantly improved cognitive function in SAH rats. The GPR54 blockade or the ARRB2 knockout offset the neuroprotective effects of KP54 in SAH rats. In conclusion, our results suggested that administration of KP54 attenuated oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis and neurobehavioral impairments through GPR54/ARRB2/AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway after SAH in rat. Thus, KP54 may provide an effective treatment strategy for SAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA; Cerebrovascular Center, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Dujuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Qin Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Reng Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Lihui Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Lifei Lian
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Yongmei Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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80
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Wang D, Wang Y, Shan M, Chen J, Wang H, Sun B, Jin C, Li X, Yin Y, Song C, Xiao C, Li J, Wang T, Cai X. Apelin receptor homodimer inhibits apoptosis in vascular dementia. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112739. [PMID: 34343559 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Apelin receptor (APJ), a member of family A of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), is a potential pharmaceutical target for diseases of the nervous system. Our previous work revealed that human APJ can form a homodimer that has different functional characteristics than the monomer. To investigate the effects of APJ homodimers on neuroprotection in vascular dementia (VD), we established VD model in rats and treated the animals by injecting apelin-13 into the lateral ventricle. In addition, we established an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in SH-SY5Y cells treated with apelin-13. After apelin-13 stimulation in the VD rat, the level of APJ and APJ homodimer were elevated. Furthermore, APJ homodimer decreased the level of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 via the Gαi3 and Gαq signaling pathway, thereby increasing the number of neurons and inhibiting apoptosis. Consequently, APJ homodimers may serve as a unique mechanism for neuroprotection against VD and provide new pharmaceutical targets for VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiu Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Meiyan Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, Shouguang Mental Health Center, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Neurobiology, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, 276800, China; Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Huannan Wang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, 276800, China
| | - Baoqi Sun
- Ophthalmology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Chengwen Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yue Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Chao Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Changhao Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jianshe Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Taiqian Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Xin Cai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
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81
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Xian M, Cai J, Zheng K, Liu Q, Liu Y, Lin H, Liang S, Wang S. Aloe-emodin prevents nerve injury and neuroinflammation caused by ischemic stroke via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NF-κB pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:8056-8067. [PMID: 34286782 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01144h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) caused by cerebral arterial occlusion is the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Cellular oxidative stress and inflammation play a vital role in the pathological process of neural damage in IS. It is necessary to develop functional food or drugs, which target neuroinflammation and oxidation mechanisms against IS. The molecule compound aloe-emodin (AE) is derived from aloe and rhubarb. However, the exact mechanism of the pharmacological action of AE on IS remains unclear. Here, for aiming to demonstrate the mechanism of AE, our study explored the middle cerebral occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R) rats in vivo, oxygen and glucose deprivation reperfusion (OGD/R), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells in vitro. We found that AE significantly improved the infarct size and behavioral score of MCAO/R rats, decreased the expression of TNF-α, MDA, LDH, Caspase 3, and increased the expression of SOD, Bcl-2/Bax. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) results showed that AE could penetrate the blood-brain barrier in the sham group and MCAO/R group. In vitro, AE significantly protected SH-SY5Y cells from the insult of OGD/R and reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells stimulated by LPS. In vivo and in vitro, western blot analysis results showed that AE significantly increased the expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR proteins. In addition, AE significantly decreased NF-κB protein expression in BV2 cells. The use of AKT-specific inhibitor MK-2206 2HCL to inhibit AKT expression can block the protective effect of AE on SH-SY5Y cells subjected to OGD/R insults. Overall, our study suggests that AE protected against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury probably via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Thus, these results indicated that AE could be a promising first-line therapy for preventing and treating ischemic stroke and can be used as functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Xian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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82
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Scholl HPN, Boyer D, Giani A, Chong V. The use of neuroprotective agents in treating geographic atrophy. Ophthalmic Res 2021; 64:888-902. [PMID: 34153966 DOI: 10.1159/000517794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik P N Scholl
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Boyer
- Retina-Vitreous Associates Medical Group, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrea Giani
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Victor Chong
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
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83
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Lee JM, Lee JH, Song MK, Kim YJ. NXP031 Improves Cognitive Impairment in a Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Induced Vascular Dementia Rat Model through Nrf2 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6285. [PMID: 34208092 PMCID: PMC8230952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is a progressive cognitive impairment caused by a reduced blood supply to the brain. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is one cause of VaD; it induces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, damaging several brain regions. Vitamin C plays a vital role in preventing oxidative stress-related diseases induced by reactive oxygen species, but it is easily oxidized and loses its antioxidant activity. To overcome this weakness, we have developed a vitamin C/DNA aptamer complex (NXP031) that increases vitamin C's antioxidant efficacy. Aptamers are short single-stranded nucleic acid polymers (DNA or RNA) that can interact with their corresponding target with high affinity. We established an animal model of VaD by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in 12 week old Wistar rats. Twelve weeks after BCCAO, we injected NXP031 into the rats intraperitoneally for two weeks at moderate (200 mg/4 mg/kg) and high concentrations (200 mg/20 mg/kg). NXP031 administration alleviates cognitive impairment, microglial activity, and oxidative stress after CCH. NXP031 increased the expression of basal lamina (laminin), endothelial cell (RECA-1, PECAM-1), and pericyte (PDGFRβ); these markers maintain the BBB integrity. We found that NXP031 administration activated the Nrf2-ARE pathway and increased the expression of SOD-1 and GSTO1/2. These results suggest that this new aptamer complex, NXP031, could be a therapeutic intervention in CCH-induced VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Lee
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Joo-Hee Lee
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Min-Kyung Song
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Youn-Jung Kim
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
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84
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Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Bougea A, Piperi C. Impact of the apelin/APJ axis in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease with therapeutic potential. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2117-2133. [PMID: 34115895 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains elusive. There is still no available disease-modifying strategy against PD, whose management is mainly symptomatic. A growing amount of preclinical evidence shows that a complex interplay between autophagy dysregulation, mitochondrial impairment, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and excessive neuroinflammation underlies PD pathogenesis. Identifying key molecules linking these pathological cellular processes may substantially aid in our deeper understanding of PD pathophysiology and the development of novel effective therapeutic approaches. Emerging preclinical evidence indicates that apelin, an endogenous neuropeptide acting as a ligand of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ, may play a key neuroprotective role in PD pathogenesis, via inhibition of apoptosis and dopaminergic neuronal loss, autophagy enhancement, antioxidant effects, endoplasmic reticulum stress suppression, as well as prevention of synaptic dysregulation in the striatum, excessive neuroinflammation, and glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Underlying signaling pathways involve phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and inositol requiring kinase 1α/XBP1/C/EBP homologous protein. Herein, we discuss the role of apelin/APJ axis and associated molecular mechanisms on the pathogenesis of PD in vitro and in vivo and provide evidence for its challenging therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Anastasia Bougea
- Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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85
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Liu M, Li H, Zhang L, Xu Z, Song Y, Wang X, Chu R, Xiao Y, Sun M, Ma Y, Mi W. Cottonseed Oil Alleviates Ischemic Stroke-Induced Oxidative Stress Injury Via Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2494-2507. [PMID: 33443681 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is believed to be one of the primary causes in ischemic stroke injury, and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway is the most important endogenous antioxidative stress damage pathway. Cottonseed oil (CSO), which is used mostly as a solvent for lipid-soluble drugs, has been shown to exert antioxidative effects against peripheral tissue injury. However, the effects and mechanisms of CSO on ischemic stroke-induced oxidative stress injury and the Nrf2 signaling pathway remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential of CSO in regulating oxidative stress injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO-R), or oxygen and glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD-R). We found that 1.3 mL/kg CSO treatment of male rats with a subcutaneous injection once every other day for 3 weeks significantly improved neurological deficit; reduced infarction volume; alleviated neuronal injuries; reduced the content of ROS and MDA; increased the activity of SOD, GSH, and GSH-PX; and markedly increased the expression of Nrf2. Furthermore, treatment with 10-9 μL/mL CSO to a neuron cell line (HT-22) for 24 h significantly increased cell viability and decreased cell apoptosis after OGD-R injury; significantly reduced the levels of ROS and MDA; increased the activity of SOD, GSH, and GSH-PX; and induced an increase in Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Based on our findings, we conclude that CSO treatment alleviates ischemic stroke injury-induced oxidative stress via activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, highlighting the potential that CSO has as a therapeutic for ischemic strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yuxiang Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ruitong Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yunming Xiao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yulong Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Weidong Mi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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86
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Perlikowska R. Whether short peptides are good candidates for future neuroprotective therapeutics? Peptides 2021; 140:170528. [PMID: 33716091 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a broad group of largely debilitating, and ultimately terminal conditions resulting in progressive degeneration of different brain regions. The observed damages are associated with cell death, structural and functional deficits of neurons, or demyelination. The concept of neuroprotection concerns the administration of the agent, which should reverse some of the damage or prevent further adverse changes. A growing body of evidence suggested that among many classes of compounds considered as neuroprotective agents, peptides derived from natural materials or their synthetic analogs are good candidates. They presented a broad spectrum of activities and abilities to act through diverse mechanisms of action. Biologically active peptides have many properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Peptides with pro-survival and neuroprotective activities, associated with inhibition of oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and are able to improve cell viability or mitochondrial functions, are also promising molecules of particular interest to the pharmaceutical industries. Peptide multiple activities open the way for broad application potential as therapeutic agents or ingredients of health-promoting functional foods. Significantly, synthetic peptides can be remodeled in numerous ways to have desired features, such as increased solubility or biological stability, as well as selectivity towards a specific receptor, and finally better membrane penetration. This review summarized the most common features of major neurodegenerative disorders, their causes, consequences, and reported new neuroprotective drug development approaches. The author focused on the unique perspectives in neuroprotection and provided a concise survey of short peptides proposed as novel therapeutic agents against various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Perlikowska
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
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87
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Zhou JX, Shuai NN, Wang B, Jin X, Kuang X, Tian SW. Neuroprotective gain of Apelin/APJ system. Neuropeptides 2021; 87:102131. [PMID: 33640616 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor APJ. In recent years, many studies have shown that the apelin/APJ system has neuroprotective properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, and regulating autophagy, blocking excitatory toxicity. Apelin/APJ system has been proven to play a role in various neurological diseases and may be a promising therapeutic target for nervous system diseases. In this paper, the neuroprotective properties of the apelin/APJ system and its role in neurologic disorders are reviewed. Further understanding of the pathophysiological effect and mechanism of the apelin/APJ system in the nervous system will help develop new therapeutic interventions for various neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xiu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, PR China
| | - Nian-Nian Shuai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanhua Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xin Kuang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, PR China.
| | - Shao-Wen Tian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, PR China.
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88
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Huang C, Li J, Zhang G, Lin Y, Li C, Zheng X, Song X, Han B, Guo B, Tu Z, Zhang J, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Yan S. TBN improves motor function and prolongs survival in a TDP-43M337V mouse model of ALS. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1484-1496. [PMID: 33929499 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are serious neurodegenerative diseases. Although their pathogenesis is unclear, the abnormal accumulation of TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is a pathological feature that exists in almost all patients. Thus far, there is no drug that can cure ALS/FTLD. Tetramethylpyrazine nitrone (TBN) is a derivative of tetramethylapyrazine, derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Ligusticum chuanxiong, which has been widely proven to have therapeutic effects on models of various neurodegenerative diseases. TBN is currently under clinical investigation for several indications including a Phase II trial of ALS. Here, we explored the therapeutic effect of TBN in an ALS/FTLD mouse model. We injected the TDP-43 M337V virus into the striatum of mice unilaterally and bilaterally, and then administered 30 mg/kg TBN intragastrically to observe changes in behavior and survival rate of mice. The results showed that in mice with unilateral injection of TDP-43M337V into the striatum, TBN improved motor deficits and cognitive impairment in the early stages of disease progression. In mice with bilateral injection of TDP-43M337V into the striatum, TBN not only improved motor function but also prolonged survival rate. Moreover, we show that its therapeutic effect may be through activation of the Akt/mTOR/GSK-3β and AMPK/PGC-1α/Nrf2 signaling pathways. In summary, TBN is a promising agent for the treatment of ALS/FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic, Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Models, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Models, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guiliang Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic, Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yingqi Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Models, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Caijuan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Models, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Models, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xichen Song
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Models, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bofeng Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Models, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Baojian Guo
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic, Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhuchi Tu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Models, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of traditional Chinese medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yewei Sun
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic, Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic, Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic, Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Institute of New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Models, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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89
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The Keap1-Nrf2 System: A Mediator between Oxidative Stress and Aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6635460. [PMID: 34012501 PMCID: PMC8106771 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6635460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, a term that describes the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, leads to the disruption of redox signals and causes molecular damage. Increased oxidative stress from diverse sources has been implicated in most senescence-related diseases and in aging itself. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1- (Keap1-) nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) system can be used to monitor oxidative stress; Keap1-Nrf2 is closely associated with aging and controls the transcription of multiple antioxidant enzymes. Simultaneously, Keap1-Nrf2 signaling is also modulated by a more complex regulatory network, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), protein kinase C, and mitogen-activated protein kinase. This review presents more information on aging-related molecular mechanisms involving Keap1-Nrf2. Furthermore, we highlight several major signals involved in Nrf2 unbinding from Keap1, including cysteine modification of Keap1 and phosphorylation of Nrf2, PI3K/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase 3β, sequestosome 1, Bach1, and c-Myc. Additionally, we discuss the direct interaction between Keap1-Nrf2 and the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. In summary, we focus on recent progress in research on the Keap1-Nrf2 system involving oxidative stress and aging, providing an empirical basis for the development of antiaging drugs.
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90
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Zhang S, Jiang X, Wang Y, Lin K, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhu P, Ng ML, Qu S, Sze SCW, Yung KKL. Protective Effect of An-Gong-Niu-Huang Wan Pre-treatment Against Experimental Cerebral Ischemia Injury via Regulating GSK-3β/HO-1 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:640297. [PMID: 33935731 PMCID: PMC8085595 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.640297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An-Gong-Niu-Huang Wan (AGNHW), a famous formula in traditional Chinese medicine, has been clinically used for centuries for treating cerebral diseases, but the protective effects of pre-treatment with AGNHW on cerebral ischemia have not yet been reported. The present study aimed to test such protective effects and elucidate the underlying mechanisms on cerebral ischemia in rats by phenotypic approaches (i.e. including the neurological functional score, cerebral infarct area, neuron apoptosis, and brain oxidative stress status) and target-based approaches (i.e. involving the GSK-3β/HO-1 pathway). AGNHW was administered orally at the doses of 386.26, 772.52, and 1545.04 mg/kg respectively for 7 days to male Sprague-Dawley rats and then cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1.5 h. Pre-treatment with AGNHW significantly ameliorated ischemic damage to the brain in a dose-dependent manner, including reduction of the neurological deficit score and infarct area. AGNHW pre-treatment increased the number of Nissl+ cells, NeuN+ and DCX+ cells, and decreased the number of Tunel+ cells. Moreover, AGNHW reversed the up-regulation of ROS and MDA induced by cerebral ischemia. AGNHW pre-treatment increased the expression of p-GSK-3β(Ser9)/GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β) ratio and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). These results firstly revealed that short-term pre-treatment of AGNHW could significantly protect the rats from injury caused by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, which support further clinical studies for disease prevention. The in vivo protective effect of AGNWH pre-treatment could be associated with its antioxidant properties by the activation of GSK-3β-mediated HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Zhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Kowloon Tong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Kowloon Tong, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Kowloon Tong, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Kaili Lin
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Kowloon Tong, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Kowloon Tong, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Zhu Zhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Kowloon Tong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Peili Zhu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Kowloon Tong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Man Ling Ng
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Kowloon Tong, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Shaogang Qu
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stephen Cho Wing Sze
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Kowloon Tong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, China
| | - Ken Kin Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), Kowloon Tong, China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, China
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91
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Mi Y, Jiao K, Xu JK, Wei K, Liu JY, Meng QQ, Guo TT, Zhang XN, Zhou D, Qing DG, Sun Y, Li N, Hou Y. Kellerin from Ferula sinkiangensis exerts neuroprotective effects after focal cerebral ischemia in rats by inhibiting microglia-mediated inflammatory responses. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113718. [PMID: 33352239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ferula sinkiangensis K. M. Shen is a traditional Chinese medicine that has a variety of pharmacological properties relevant to neurological disorders and inflammations. Kellerin, a novel compound extracted from Ferula sinkiangensis, exerts a strong anti-neuroinflammatory effect by inhibiting microglial activation. Microglial activation plays a vital role in ischemia-induced brain injury. However, the potential therapeutic effect of kellerin on focal cerebral ischemia is still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the effect of kellerin on cerebral ischemia and clarify its possible mechanisms, we applied the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and the LPS-activated microglia model in our study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Neurological outcome was examined according to a 4-tiered grading system. Brain infarct size was measured using TTC staining. Brain edema was calculated using the wet weight minus dry weight method. Neuron damage and microglial activation were observed by immunofluorescence in MCAO model in rats. In in vitro studies, microglial activation was examined by flow cytometry and the viability of neuronal cells cultured in microglia-conditioned medium was measured using MTT assay. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by qRT-PCR and ELISA. The proteins involved in NF-κB signaling pathway were determined by western blot. Intracellular ROS was examined using DCFH-DA method and NADPH oxidase activity was measured using the NBT assay. RESULTS We found that kellerin improved neurological outcome, reduced brain infarct size and decreased brain edema in MCAO model in rats. Under the pathologic conditions of focal cerebral ischemia, kellerin alleviated neuron damage and inhibited microglial activation. Moreover, in in vitro studies of LPS-stimulated BV2 cells kellerin protected neuronal cells from being damaged by inhibiting microglial activation. Kellerin also reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suppressed the NF-κB signaling pathway, and decreased ROS generation and NADPH oxidase activity. CONCLUSIONS Our discoveries reveal that the neuroprotective effects of kellerin may largely depend on its inhibitory effect on microglial activation. This suggests that kellerin could serve as a novel anti-inflammatory agent which may have therapeutic effects in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mi
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Kun Jiao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Ji-Kai Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Kun Wei
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing-Yu Liu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing-Qi Meng
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting-Ting Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Ni Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - De-Gang Qing
- XinJiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnodrug, Urumqi, China
| | - Yu Sun
- XinJiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnodrug, Urumqi, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China.
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92
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Khoshsirat S, Abbaszadeh HA, Peyvandi AA, Heidari F, Peyvandi M, Simani L, Niknazar S. Apelin-13 prevents apoptosis in the cochlear tissue of noise-exposed rat via Sirt-1 regulation. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 114:101956. [PMID: 33831513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the second most common cause of acquired hearing loss. Acoustic trauma can cause oxidative damage in the cochlear hair cells (HCs) through apoptotic pathways. Apelin is a newly discovered neuropeptide with neuroprotective effects against the oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorder. We investigated the preventive effects of apelin-13 on the cochlear HCs and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) against acoustic trauma via Sirtuin-1 (Sirt-1) regulation in rats. Animals were assigned to control, control + apelin-13 (50 or 100 μg/kg, ip), and noise exposure groups without any treatment or were administered apelin-13 (50 or 100 μg/kg, ip) and EX-527 (an inhibitor of Sirt-1) prior to each noise session. In the noise groups, 110 dB white noise was applied for 6 h per 5 days. Pre- and post-exposure distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) and cochlear superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were assessed. Western blot evaluated the cochlear protein expressions of Sirt-1, cleaved-caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2. Cell apoptosis was detected through TUNEL staining. Immunofluorescence was used to examine expression of HCs and SGNs specific protein. DPOAE level were significantly improved in the noise exposure group receiving 100 μg/kg apelin-13. At high doses, apelin augmented SOD levels in the rat cochlea subjected to noise. Apelin 100 markedly increased Sirt-1, and decreased cleaved- caspase-3 expression as well as Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the cochlea tissue of noise-exposed rats. These findings suggest the promising therapeutic potential of apelin-13 for the prevention of noise-induced injury to cochlea and hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrokh Khoshsirat
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat-Allah Abbaszadeh
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences and Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Peyvandi
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heidari
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Peyvandi
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Simani
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Niknazar
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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93
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IRS-2/Akt/GSK-3 β/Nrf2 Pathway Contributes to the Protective Effects of Chikusetsu Saponin IVa against Lipotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8832318. [PMID: 33884100 PMCID: PMC8041533 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8832318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hyperlipidemia leads to pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction through inducing oxidative stress. Chikusetsu saponin IVa (CHS) showed antioxidant and antidiabetic properties in our previous studies; however, its protective effects against lipotoxicity-induced β-cell oxidative stress and dysfunction are not clear. This study was designed to investigate the effects of CHS against lipotoxicity-induced β-cell injuries and its possible mechanism involved. High-fat (HF) diet and a low dose of streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model in vivo and βTC3 cells subjected to 0.5 mM palmitate (PA) to imitate the lipotoxic model in vitro were performed. Pancreatic functions, ROS, and antioxidant protein measurements were performed to evaluate the effects of CHS on cell injuries. Protein expression levels were measured by Western blotting. Furthermore, siRNA-targeted Nrf2, PI3K/Akt inhibitor (LY294002), or GSK-3β inhibitor (LiCl) was used to investigate the crosstalk relationships between proteins. As the results showed, CHS treatment inhibited apoptosis, promoted insulin release, and reduced oxidative stress. CHS treatment significantly increased the expression of Nrf2 in the cytoplasm and nuclear protein. The antioxidative and benefit effects of CHS were inhibited by siNrf2. The phosphorylation of IRS-2, PI3K, Akt, and GSK-3β was markedly increased by CHS which were inhibited by PA. In addition, inhibition of PI3K/Akt or GSK-3β with specific inhibitors dramatically abrogated the protective effects of CHS, revealing that the IRS-2/Akt/GSK-3β signaling axis was involved in the protective effects of CHS. These results demonstrate that CHS protected βTC3 cells against PA-induced oxidative stress and cell dysfunction through Nrf2 by the IRS-2/Akt/GSK-3β-mediated pathway.
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94
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Hamza RZ, Diab AAA, Zahra MH, Asalah AK, Attia MS, Moursi SM. Ameliorative effect of apelin-13 against renal complications in L-NAME-induced preeclampsia in rats. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11110. [PMID: 33850656 PMCID: PMC8019317 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) accompanying acute liver and kidney injury has remained a master cause of both fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity. Vasoactive mediators, oxidative stress and inflammatory imbalanceshave an important role in PE pathogenesis. Apelin is an adipokine that improves endothelial dysfunction; has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; moreover, its level reduced during PE. This study aimed to explore the effects of apelin-13 administration on preeclampsia-associated renal dysfunction and proteinuria. Thirty-three pregnant female rats were divided into three groups; group: 1 (normal pregnant rats), group: 2 (preeclamptic rats); where rats were injected subcutaneously with 75 mg L-NAME/ kg body weight/day beginning from 9th to 20th day of pregnancy andgroup 3 (apelin-13 treated preeclamptic rats); In which L-NAME-induced preeclamptic rats were subcutaneously injected with 6 × 10-8 mol apelin-13/kg body weight/twice daily starting from 6th to 20th day of pregnancy. In all groups, mean arterial blood pressure, total urine protein, serum urea, creatinine, nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and malondialdhyde (MDA) were measured. Histopathological examination of kidney tissues was also done. preeclamptic rats showed significantly increased mean arterial blood pressure, total urine proteins, serum urea, creatinine, ET-1, IL-6, and MDA, but revealed a significantly decreased serum NO level. On the other hand, apelin treatment significantly improved these parameters together with amelioration of kidney histoarchitecture in the treated group. In conclusion, apelin may be a potentially curative candidate for prohibiting kidney damage and have a therapeutic benefit in PE rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Z Hamza
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Aziz A Diab
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mansour H Zahra
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali K Asalah
- Medical Physiology Department - Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mai S Attia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Suzan Mm Moursi
- Medical Physiology Department - Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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95
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Vafaei-Nezhad S, Niknazar S, Norouzian M, Abdollahifar MA, Aliaghaei A, Abbaszadeh HA. Therapeutics effects of [Pyr1] apelin-13 on rat contusion model of spinal cord injury: An experimental study. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 113:101924. [PMID: 33567298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause various symptoms, including pain, complete or incomplete loss of autonomic, sensory, motor and functions inferior to the site of the damage. Despite wondrous advances in medicine, treating spinal cord injuries remains a thorny issue yet. Recently, the control of inflammatory processes after damage to the nervous system has been noticed as a promising therapeutic target. The goal of the present experiment was to identify the effects of apelin-13 on the histological outcome, inflammatory factors, and functional recovery in the animal contusion model of SCI were analyzed. 40 Female Wistar rats were randomly but equally assigned in laminectomy, contusion, PBS (1 mL PBS, i.p), control group which received apelin-13 (control + apelin, 100 μg/kg, i.p), and apelin-13 treatment groups. In the treatment group, apelin-13 (100 μg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 30 min after injury. The weight-dropping contusion model was used for inducing SCI. The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale (BBB), narrow beam test (NBT), rotarod test, and the open-field test was applied to evaluate locomotor and behavioral activity. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ELISA technique was accomplished eight weeks after inducing SCI to measure the level of fibroblast growth factor FGF-1, FGFR1 and the inflammatory factors including interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-10. Furthermore, histological change was estimated by H&E staining. Our results showed that apelin-13 treatment after SCI led to a significant increase in functional recovery and behavioral tests. Stereological estimation illustrated that apelin-13 could reduce significantly central cavity volume and number of glial cells, and also increase significantly spinal cord volume and number of neural cells. PCR and ELISA evaluation shows a significant increase in IL-10 level and decrease in levels of FGF-1, FGF-R1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (PIC). This study suggested that apelin-13 has neuroprotective effects by regulating the inflammatory process after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Vafaei-Nezhad
- Department of Biology and Anatomical sciencese, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Niknazar
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Norouzian
- Department of Biology and Anatomical sciencese, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Biology and Anatomical sciencese, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical sciencese, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh
- Department of Biology and Anatomical sciencese, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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96
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Chen L, Shi X, Xie J, Weng SJ, Xie ZJ, Tang JH, Yan DY, Wang BZ, Fang KH, Hong CX, Wu ZY, Yang L. Apelin-13 induces mitophagy in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to suppress intracellular oxidative stress and ameliorate osteoporosis by activation of AMPK signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:356-368. [PMID: 33385540 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by impaired bone metabolism. Current estimates show that it affects millions of people worldwide and causes a serious socioeconomic burden. Mitophagy plays key roles in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) osteoblastic differentiation, mineralization, and survival. Apelin is an endogenous adipokine that participates in bone homeostasis. This study was performed to determine the role of Apelin in the osteoporosis process and whether it affects mitophagy, survival, and osteogenic capacity of BMSCs in in vitro and in vivo models of osteoporosis. Our results demonstrated that Apelin was down-regulated in ovariectomized-induced osteoporosis rats and Apelin-13 treatment activated mitophagy in BMSCs, ameliorating oxidative stress and thereby reviving osteogenic function via AMPK-α phosphorylation. Besides, Apelin-13 administration restored bone mass and microstructure as well as reinstated mitophagy, enhanced osteogenic function in OVX rats. Collectively, our findings reveal the intrinsic mechanisms underlying Apelin-13 regulation in BMSCs and its potential therapeutic values in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - She-Ji Weng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhong-Jie Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Hao Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - De-Yi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing-Zhang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kang-Hao Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen-Xuan Hong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zong-Yi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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97
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Zhuang Y, Wang W, Chen L, Lu W, Xu M. Serum apelin-13 and risk of death following severe traumatic brain injury. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 516:64-68. [PMID: 33508251 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apelin-13 can be expressed in brain tissue and exert neuroprotective effects. We attempted to determine whether serum apelin-13 is a prognostic biomarker for severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). METHODS Of 126 sTBI patients and 126 healthy controls, serum apelin-13 concentrations were quantified using ELISA. The trauma severity was assessed by Glasgow coma scale scores and Rotterdam computerized tomography scores. The relationship between serum apelin-13 concentrations and posttraumatic 30-day mortality was assessed using multivariate analysis. RESULTS Serum apelin-13 concentrations were significantly lower in patients than in controls. Serum apelin-13 concentrations of non-surviving and surviving patients within posttraumatic 30 days were strongly correlated with Glasgow coma scale scores and Rotterdam computerized tomography scores. Serum apelin-13 emerged as an independent predictor for 30-day mortality and overall survival. There was a significant discriminatory capability with respect to serum apelin-13 concentrations for the risk of 30-day death. Moreover, its prognostic predictive ability was similar to those of Glasgow coma scale scores and Rotterdam computerized tomography scores. CONCLUSIONS Declined serum apelin-13 concentrations, in substantial correlation with increasing severity, are independently associated with short-term mortality, hinting than serum apelin-13 might represent a useful prognostic biomarker for sTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaokun Zhuang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China.
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98
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Lou ZL, Zhang CX, Li JF, Chen RH, Wu WJ, Hu XF, Shi HC, Gao WY, Zhao QF. Apelin/APJ-Manipulated CaMKK/AMPK/GSK3 β Signaling Works as an Endogenous Counterinjury Mechanism in Promoting the Vitality of Random-Pattern Skin Flaps. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8836058. [PMID: 33574981 PMCID: PMC7857910 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8836058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A random-pattern skin flap plays an important role in the field of wound repair; the mechanisms that influence the survival of random-pattern skin flaps have been extensively studied but little attention has been paid to endogenous counterinjury substances and mechanism. Previous reports reveal that the apelin-APJ axis is an endogenous counterinjury mechanism that has considerable function in protecting against infection, inflammation, oxidative stress, necrosis, and apoptosis in various organs. As an in vivo study, our study proved that the apelin/APJ axis protected the skin flap by alleviating vascular oxidative stress and the apelin/APJ axis works as an antioxidant stress factor dependent on CaMKK/AMPK/GSK3β signaling. In addition, the apelin/APJ-manipulated CaMKK/AMPK/GSK3β-dependent mechanism improves HUVECs' resistance to oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R), reduces ROS production and accumulation, maintained the normal mitochondrial membrane potential, and suppresses oxidative stress in vitro. Besides, activation of the apelin/APJ axis promotes vascular migration and angiogenesis under relative hypoxia condition through CaMKK/AMPK/GSK3β signaling. In a word, we provide new evidence that the apelin/APJ axis is an effective antioxidant and can significantly improve the vitality of random flaps, so it has potential be a promising clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ling Lou
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chen-Xi Zhang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jia-Feng Li
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Rui-Heng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wei-Jia Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Hu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hao-Chun Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wei-Yang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qi-Feng Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Lee GH, Kim JY, Jin SW, Pham TH, Park JS, Kim CY, Choi JH, Han EH, Kim YH, Jeong HG. Impressic Acid Attenuates the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response by Activating the AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 Axis in RAW264.7 Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020762. [PMID: 33466670 PMCID: PMC7828816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are caused by excessive inflammation from pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines produced by macrophages. The Nrf2 signaling pathway protects against inflammatory diseases by inhibiting excessive inflammation via the regulation of antioxidant enzymes, including HO-1 and NQO1. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of impressic acid (IPA) isolated from Acanthopanax koreanum on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and the underlying molecular mechanisms in RAW264.7 cells. IPA attenuated the LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, and the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. IPA also increased the protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 by phosphorylating CaMKKβ, AMPK, and GSK3β. Furthermore, ML385, an Nrf2 inhibitor, reversed the inhibitory effect of IPA on LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells. Therefore, IPA exerts an anti-inflammatory effect via the AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 signaling pathway in macrophages. Taken together, the findings suggest that IPA has preventive potential for inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.J.); (T.H.P.); (J.S.P.); (C.Y.K.); (J.H.C.); (Y.H.K.)
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.J.); (T.H.P.); (J.S.P.); (C.Y.K.); (J.H.C.); (Y.H.K.)
| | - Sun Woo Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.J.); (T.H.P.); (J.S.P.); (C.Y.K.); (J.H.C.); (Y.H.K.)
| | - Thi Hoa Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.J.); (T.H.P.); (J.S.P.); (C.Y.K.); (J.H.C.); (Y.H.K.)
| | - Jin Song Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.J.); (T.H.P.); (J.S.P.); (C.Y.K.); (J.H.C.); (Y.H.K.)
| | - Chae Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.J.); (T.H.P.); (J.S.P.); (C.Y.K.); (J.H.C.); (Y.H.K.)
| | - Jae Ho Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.J.); (T.H.P.); (J.S.P.); (C.Y.K.); (J.H.C.); (Y.H.K.)
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Han
- Drug & Disease Target Research Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Korea;
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.J.); (T.H.P.); (J.S.P.); (C.Y.K.); (J.H.C.); (Y.H.K.)
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (G.H.L.); (J.Y.K.); (S.W.J.); (T.H.P.); (J.S.P.); (C.Y.K.); (J.H.C.); (Y.H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-5936
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100
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Hamza RZ, Diab AAA, Zahra MH, Asalah AK, Moursi SMM, Al-Baqami NM, Al-Salmi FA, Attia MS. Correlation between Apelin and Some Angiogenic Factors in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia: Apelin-13 as Novel Drug for Treating Preeclampsia and Its Physiological Effects on Placenta. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:5017362. [PMID: 34819954 PMCID: PMC8608536 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5017362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the commonest causes for maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Imbalances of angiogenic factors, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response have a role in the pathogenesis of PE. Data regarding the circulating apelin level and its role in PE remains controversial. This study was formulated to assess the serum apelin level in PE, investigate its correlation with some inflammatory, oxidative stress, and angiogenic proteins in a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; the N (gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced rat model of PE and determine whether apelin administration could protect against development of PE. 40 healthy adult female albino rats and 10 adult male albino rats were used in this study. The pregnant female rats were randomly divided into three groups: group 1 (normal pregnant group), group 2 (PE-induced group), injected subcutaneously with 75 mg L-NAME/kg bodyweight/day starting from day 9 to 20 of gestation, and group 3 (PE-induced group supplemented with apelin (PE + apelin)); PE induced as before and simultaneously subcutaneously injected with apelin-13 (6 × 10-8 mol/kg bodyweight/twice daily) beginning from day 6 to 20 of gestation. In all groups, blood pressure and urine protein were determined at gestation days (GD) 0, 10, and 18. Moreover, serum apelin, placental growth factor (PLGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1), soluble endoglin (sEng), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels and serum superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities of all groups were estimated at the end of experiment. Placental histopathological examination was also performed. PE-induced rats showed significantly decreased serum apelin levels. Moreover, they showed significantly increased blood pressures, urine proteins, sFlt-1, sEng, and IFN-γ (mean arterial blood pressure, urine proteins, sFlt-1, sEng, and IFN-γ showed significant negative correlations with serum apelin level), but it showed significantly decreased VEGF, PLGF, IL-10, SOD, and CAT (VEGF, PLGF, IL-10, and SOD showed significant positive correlations with serum apelin level). In contrast, exogenous apelin administration significantly ameliorated these parameters together with improvement in the placental histoarchitecture in the apelin-supplemented PE group. This study demonstrated the protective effects of apelin administration on the pathogenesis of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Z. Hamza
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Aziz A. Diab
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mansour H. Zahra
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ali K. Asalah
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Suzan M. M. Moursi
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Najah M. Al-Baqami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawziah A. Al-Salmi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai S. Attia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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