51
|
Citizen Science: A Gateway for Innovation in Disease-Carrying Mosquito Management? Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:727-729. [PMID: 29793805 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Traditional methods for tracking disease-carrying mosquitoes are hitting budget constraints as the scales over which they must be implemented grow exponentially. Citizen science offers a novel solution to this problem but requires new models of innovation in the public health sector.
Collapse
|
52
|
Ogden NH. Climate change and vector-borne diseases of public health significance. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 364:4107775. [PMID: 28957457 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been much debate as to whether or not climate change will have, or has had, any significant effect on risk from vector-borne diseases. The debate on the former has focused on the degree to which occurrence and levels of risk of vector-borne diseases are determined by climate-dependent or independent factors, while the debate on the latter has focused on whether changes in disease incidence are due to climate at all, and/or are attributable to recent climate change. Here I review possible effects of climate change on vector-borne diseases, methods used to predict these effects and the evidence to date of changes in vector-borne disease risks that can be attributed to recent climate change. Predictions have both over- and underestimated the effects of climate change. Mostly under-estimations of effects are due to a focus only on direct effects of climate on disease ecology while more distal effects on society's capacity to control and prevent vector-borne disease are ignored. There is increasing evidence for possible impacts of recent climate change on some vector-borne diseases but for the most part, observed data series are too short (or non-existent), and impacts of climate-independent factors too great, to confidently attribute changing risk to climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H Ogden
- Public Health Risk Science Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Lewis J, Boudreau CR, Patterson JW, Bradet-Legris J, Lloyd VK. Citizen Science and Community Engagement in Tick Surveillance-A Canadian Case Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2018; 6:E22. [PMID: 29498648 PMCID: PMC5872229 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare6010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease in North America and Europe, and on-going surveillance is required to monitor the spread of the tick vectors as their populations expand under the influence of climate change. Active surveillance involves teams of researchers collecting ticks from field locations with the potential to be sites of establishing tick populations. This process is labor- and time-intensive, limiting the number of sites monitored and the frequency of monitoring. Citizen science initiatives are ideally suited to address this logistical problem and generate high-density and complex data from sites of community importance. In 2014, the same region was monitored by academic researchers, public health workers, and citizen scientists, allowing a comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of each type of surveillance effort. Four community members persisted with tick collections over several years, collectively recovering several hundred ticks. Although deviations from standard surveillance protocols and the choice of tick surveillance sites makes the incorporation of community-generated data into conventional surveillance analyses more complex, this citizen science data remains useful in providing high-density longitudinal tick surveillance of a small area in which detailed ecological observations can be made. Most importantly, partnership between community members and researchers has proven a powerful tool in educating communities about of the risk of tick-vectored diseases and in encouraging tick bite prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lewis
- Department. Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada.
| | - Corinne R Boudreau
- Department. Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada.
| | - James W Patterson
- Department. Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada.
| | | | - Vett K Lloyd
- Department. Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Schwab SR, Stone CM, Fonseca DM, Fefferman NH. The importance of being urgent: The impact of surveillance target and scale on mosquito-borne disease control. Epidemics 2017; 23:55-63. [PMID: 29279187 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
With the emergence or re-emergence of numerous mosquito-borne diseases in recent years, effective methods for emergency vector control responses are necessary to reduce human infections. Current vector control practices often vary significantly between different jurisdictions, and are executed independently and at different spatial scales. Various types of surveillance information (e.g. number of human infections or adult mosquitoes) trigger the implementation of control measures, though the target and scale of surveillance vary locally. This patchy implementation of control measures likely alters the efficacy of control. We modeled six different scenarios, with larval mosquito control occurring in response to surveillance data of different types and at different scales (e.g. across the landscape or in each patch). Our results indicate that: earlier application of larvicide after an escalation of disease risk achieves much greater reductions in human infections than later control implementation; uniform control across the landscape provides better outbreak mitigation than patchy control application; and different types of surveillance data require different levels of sensitivity in their collection to effectively inform control measures. Our simulations also demonstrate a potential logical fallacy of reactive, surveillance-driven vector control: measures stop being implemented as soon as they are deemed effective. This false sense of security leads to patchier control efforts that will do little to curb the size of future vector-borne disease outbreaks. More investment should be placed in collecting high quality information that can trigger early and uniform implementation, while researchers work to discover more informative metrics of human risk to trigger more effective control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Schwab
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States.
| | - Chris M Stone
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Dina M Fonseca
- Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
| | - Nina H Fefferman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Charlwood JD, Rowland M, Protopopoff N, Le Clair C. The Furvela tent-trap Mk 1.1 for the collection of outdoor biting mosquitoes. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3848. [PMID: 29158961 PMCID: PMC5694212 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Outdoor transmission of malaria and other vector borne diseases remains a problem. The WHO has recently recognized the need for suitable methods for assessing vector density outdoors and a number of tent-traps have been developed. Only one such trap, the Furvela tent-trap, does not require an 'entry' behavior on the part of the mosquito. It remains the cheapest and lightest tent-trap described. It takes less than two minutes to install and is the only trap that uses readily available components. Here we describe recent modifications to the trap, which make it even easier to set up in the field, provide a standard operating procedure (SOP) and describe some recent experiments examining the effect of the addition of light and door placement to working of the trap. The trap provides the closest approximation to CDC light-traps, widely used to collect indoor biting mosquitoes. This enables the effect of both indoor and outdoor interventions on mosquito density and behavior to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques D. Charlwood
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Lisbon, Portugal
- Pan African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), Muleba, Tanzania
| | - Mark Rowland
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Pan African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), Muleba, Tanzania
| | - Natacha Protopopoff
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Pan African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), Muleba, Tanzania
| | - Corey Le Clair
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Pan African Malaria Vector Research Consortium (PAMVERC), Muleba, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Rowbotham S, McKinnon M, Leach J, Lamberts R, Hawe P. Does citizen science have the capacity to transform population health science? CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2017.1395393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Rowbotham
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sydney, Australia
| | - Merryn McKinnon
- Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Joan Leach
- Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Rod Lamberts
- Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Penelope Hawe
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Walther D, Kampen H. The Citizen Science Project 'Mueckenatlas' Helps Monitor the Distribution and Spread of Invasive Mosquito Species in Germany. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:1790-1794. [PMID: 29029273 PMCID: PMC5850493 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The citizen science project 'Mueckenatlas' (mosquito atlas) was implemented in early 2012 to improve mosquito surveillance in Germany. Citizens are asked to support the spatiotemporal mapping of culicids by submitting mosquito specimens collected in their private surroundings. The Mueckenatlas has developed into an efficient tool for data collection with close to 30,000 mosquitoes submitted by the end of 2015. While the vast majority of submissions included native mosquito species, a small percentage represented invasive species. The discovery of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes koreicus (Edwards) (Diptera: Culicidae) specimens via the Mueckenatlas project prompted targeted monitoring activities in the field which produced additional information on the distribution of these species in Germany. Among others, Mueckenatlas submissions led to the detection of three populations of Ae. j. japonicus in West, North and Southeast Germany in 2012, 2013, and 2015, respectively. As demonstrated by on-site monitoring, the origins of Ae. j. japonicus specimens submitted to the Mueckenatlas mirror the distribution areas of the four presently known German populations as found by active field sampling (the fourth population already reported prior to the launch of the Mueckenatlas). The data suggest that a citizen science project such as the Mueckenatlas may aid in detecting changes in the mosquito fauna and can therefore be used to guide the design of more targeted field surveillance activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Walther
- Institute of Land Use Systems, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Helge Kampen
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Heym EC, Schröder J, Kampen H, Walther D. The Nuisance Mosquito Anopheles plumbeus (Stephens, 1828) in Germany-A Questionnaire Survey May Help Support Surveillance and Control. Front Public Health 2017; 5:278. [PMID: 29164092 PMCID: PMC5663692 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquito species Anopheles plumbeus is an aggressive biter and a potential vector of malaria parasites and West Nile virus. It occurs naturally at low population densities, as its larval development is adapted to the specific water qualities found in tree holes. However, probably owing to environmental changes, it has recently been observed in several European countries to use increasingly often artificial breeding habitats that may lead to mass development and severe annoyance to humans living close by. The perception of mosquito nuisance, however, is very subjective, and breeding habitats are not always known, thus impeding targeted surveillance and control. To relate nuisance by An. plumbeus to specific environmental conditions, a questionnaire survey was carried out addressing persons who had submitted specimens of this particular mosquito species to the German citizen science project “Mueckenatlas”, an instrument of passive mosquito surveillance. The questionnaire was intended to find out whether a nuisance situation linked to An. plumbeus had existed, whether mosquito breeding habitats could be identified and whether control measures had been conducted. Despite some efforts, the participants who claimed to suffer from an An. plumbeus nuisance problem had rarely identified the source of the mosquitoes. Once control measures had been performed on abandoned manure pits, however, the nuisance problem disappeared or mosquito abundance was at least significantly reduced. Nevertheless, no significant effect of abandoned manure pits on the probability of an An. plumbeus nuisance could be demonstrated in a multivariate logistic regression model testing various variables. Instead, a significant positive effect of a disused farm nearby was found. The reason is probably that manure pits as the most frequent source of An. plumbeus mass development are often located on disused farms, without most people’s knowledge about their existence. Disused farms are therefore appropriate candidates to consider when it comes to public health issues connected to An. plumbeus such as surveillance of mass development and implementation of control measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Heym
- Institute of Land Use Systems, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Muencheberg, Germany
| | - Jette Schröder
- Survey Design and Methodology, GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Helge Kampen
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Doreen Walther
- Institute of Land Use Systems, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Muencheberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Eritja R, Palmer JRB, Roiz D, Sanpera-Calbet I, Bartumeus F. Direct Evidence of Adult Aedes albopictus Dispersal by Car. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14399. [PMID: 29070818 PMCID: PMC5656642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) has low active dispersal capabilities, its worldwide colonization has been rapid. Indirect evidence and informal reports have long implicated passive transportation in cars, but this has not previously been studied systematically given the difficulties of real-time roadside surveys. Here we report the first sampling study confirming that adult tiger mosquitoes travel with humans in cars and enabling us to estimate the frequency of these events. We combine the results with citizen science data to model the car-facilitated dispersal of Aedes albopictus at a nationwide level. During the summer of 2015, we sampled 770 cars in north-eastern Spain, discovering 4 adult female tiger mosquitoes that had entered cars prior to sampling. Our Bayesian model suggests that of the 6.5 million daily car trips in the Barcelona metropolitan area, between 13,000 and 71,500 facilitate tiger mosquito movement, and that Barcelona is the largest source of inter-province tiger mosquito transfers in Spain. Our results are supported by expert-validated citizen science data, and will contribute to better understanding the tiger mosquito's invasion process and ultimately lead to more effective vector control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Eritja
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
- Servei de Control de Mosquits del Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - John R B Palmer
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Girona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Roiz
- MIVEGEC (Infectious Diseases and Vectors: Ecology, Genetics, Evolution and Control), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Isis Sanpera-Calbet
- Servei de Control de Mosquits del Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Frederic Bartumeus
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Girona, Spain.
- ICREA, Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Palmer JRB, Oltra A, Collantes F, Delgado JA, Lucientes J, Delacour S, Bengoa M, Eritja R, Bartumeus F. Citizen science provides a reliable and scalable tool to track disease-carrying mosquitoes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:916. [PMID: 29066710 PMCID: PMC5655677 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent outbreaks of Zika, chikungunya and dengue highlight the importance of better understanding the spread of disease-carrying mosquitoes across multiple spatio-temporal scales. Traditional surveillance tools are limited by jurisdictional boundaries and cost constraints. Here we show how a scalable citizen science system can solve this problem by combining citizen scientists' observations with expert validation and correcting for sampling effort. Our system provides accurate early warning information about the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) invasion in Spain, well beyond that available from traditional methods, and vital for public health services. It also provides estimates of tiger mosquito risk comparable to those from traditional methods but more directly related to the human-mosquito encounters that are relevant for epidemiological modelling and scalable enough to cover the entire country. These results illustrate how powerful public participation in science can be and suggest citizen science is positioned to revolutionize mosquito-borne disease surveillance worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R B Palmer
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes, 17300, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08005, Spain.
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain.
| | - Aitana Oltra
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes, 17300, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Frederic Bartumeus
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Blanes, 17300, Spain.
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain.
- ICREA, Institut Catala de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, 08010, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Kampen H, Schuhbauer A, Walther D. Emerging mosquito species in Germany-a synopsis after 6 years of mosquito monitoring (2011-2016). Parasitol Res 2017; 116:3253-3263. [PMID: 29032497 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Globalisation and climate change are the main drivers of invasion of non-endemic regions by mosquitoes. Mass transportation of people, animals and goods facilitate accidental long-distance displacement while climate warming supports active spread and establishment of thermophilic species. In the framework of a mosquito-monitoring programme, eight non-indigenous culicid species have been registered in Germany since 2011, with four of them being more or less efficient vectors of disease agents and another four now considered established. The eight newly emerged species include Aedes albopictus, Ae. japonicus, Ae. aegypti, Ae. koreicus, Ae. berlandi, Ae. pulcritarsis, Anopheles petragnani and Culiseta longiareolata. We here review recent findings and at the same time present new findings of specimens of non-native mosquito species in Germany.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helge Kampen
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | | | - Doreen Walther
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Muencheberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Honnen AC, Monaghan MT. City-Dwellers and Country Folks: Lack of Population Differentiation Along an Urban-Rural Gradient in the Mosquito Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2017; 17:4560636. [PMID: 29117382 PMCID: PMC5717708 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iex086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) occur in natural, urban, and peri-urban areas throughout the globe. Although the characteristics of urban and peri-urban habitats differ from those of natural habitats in many ways (e.g., fragmentation, pollution, noise, and light), few studies have examined the population connectivity of mosquitoes in urban areas. To obtain an overview of the species composition, we sampled mosquitoes from 23 sites in and around the city of Berlin, Germany. Of 23 species, five occurred in urban, 10 in peri-urban, and 20 in rural areas. Culex pipiens Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae) was the most common species collected (75% of all individuals) and occurred in all habitats. Hence this species was selected to be analysed at 10 microsatellite markers. There was no significant differentiation (FST = 0.016, P = 0.9) or isolation by distance (P = 0.06) among Cx. pipiens populations along an urban-rural gradient. The only significant differences detected were between Cx. pipiens and a laboratory population of Cx. pipiens f. molestus (pairwise FST = 0.114-0.148, P ≤ 0.001 in all comparisons), suggesting that the markers chosen were suitable for the identification of population differentiation. Our results indicate that Cx. pipiens gene flow is widespread within and among urban, peri-urban, and rural areas and that urban habitat does not necessarily impede or enhance gene flow among these populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Honnen
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), Switzerland
- University of Basel, Switzerland
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Germany
| | - Michael T Monaghan
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Germany
- Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Cardoso AC, Tsiamis K, Gervasini E, Schade S, Taucer F, Adriaens T, Copas K, Flevaris S, Galiay P, Jennings E, Josefsson M, López B, Magan J, Marchante E, Montani E, Roy H, von Schomberg R, See L, Quintas M. Citizen Science and Open Data: a model for Invasive Alien Species in Europe. RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2017. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.3.e14811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
64
|
Dallimore T, Hunter T, Medlock JM, Vaux AGC, Harbach RE, Strode C. Discovery of a single male Aedes aegypti (L.) in Merseyside, England. Parasit Vectors 2017. [PMID: 28646879 PMCID: PMC5483247 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions where it is the major vector of dengue fever, yellow fever, chikungunya and more recently Zika virus. Given its importance as a vector of arboviruses and its propensity to be transported to new regions, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has placed Ae. aegypti on a list of potentially invasive mosquito species. It was previously reported in the United Kingdom (UK) in 1865 and 1919 but did not establish on either occasion. It is now beginning to reappear in European countries and has been recorded in the Netherlands (not established) and Madeira (Portugal), as well as southern Russia, Georgia and Turkey. Results During summer 2014, a single male Ae. aegypti was captured during mosquito collections in north-western England using a sweep net. Morphological identification complimented by sequencing of the ITS2 rDNA, and cox1 mtDNA regions, confirmed the species. Following confirmation, a programme of targeted surveillance was implemented around the collection site by first identifying potential larval habitats in greenhouses, a cemetery, a farm and industrial units. Despite intensive surveillance around the location, no other Ae. aegypti specimens were collected using a combination of sweep netting, larval dipping, mosquito magnets, BG sentinel traps and ovitraps. All species collected were native to the UK. Conclusion The finding of the single male Ae. aegypti, while significant, presents no apparent disease risk to public health, and the follow-up survey suggests that there was no established population. However, this report does highlight the need for vigilance and robust surveillance, and the requirement for procedures to be in place to investigate such findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thom Dallimore
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, St. Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire, L39 4QP, UK
| | - Tony Hunter
- Zoology Department, World Museum Liverpool, William Brown Street, Liverpool, L3 8EN, UK
| | - Jolyon M Medlock
- Medical Entomology & Zoonoses Ecology group, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Alexander G C Vaux
- Medical Entomology & Zoonoses Ecology group, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Ralph E Harbach
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Clare Strode
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, St. Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancashire, L39 4QP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Automated feature selection for a machine learning approach toward modeling a mosquito distribution. Ecol Modell 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
66
|
Abstract
Widespread access to the internet is offering new possibilities for data collection in surveillance. We explore, in this study, the possibility of using an electronic tool to monitor occurrence of the tick vector of Lyme disease, Ixodes scapularis. The study aimed to compare the capacity for ticks to be identified in web-based submissions of digital images/photographs, to the traditional specimen-based identification method used by the provincial public health laboratory in Quebec, Canada. Forty-one veterinary clinics participated in the study by submitting digital images of ticks collected from pets via a website for image-based identification by an entomologist. The tick specimens were then sent to the provincial public health laboratory to be identified by the 'gold standard' method using a microscope. Of the images submitted online, 74·3% (284/382) were considered of high-enough quality to allow identification. The laboratory identified 382 tick specimens from seven different species, with I. scapularis representing 76% of the total submissions. Of the 284 ticks suitable for image-based species identification, 276 (97·2%) were correctly identified (Kappa statistic of 0·92, Z = 15·46, P < 0·001). This study demonstrates that image-based tick identification may be an accurate and useful method of detecting ticks for surveillance when images are of suitable quality.
Collapse
|
67
|
Montgomery BL, Shivas MA, Hall-Mendelin S, Edwards J, Hamilton NA, Jansen CC, McMahon JL, Warrilow D, van den Hurk AF. Rapid Surveillance for Vector Presence (RSVP): Development of a novel system for detecting Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005505. [PMID: 28339458 PMCID: PMC5381943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The globally important Zika, dengue and chikungunya viruses are primarily transmitted by the invasive mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. In Australia, there is an increasing risk that these species may invade highly urbanized regions and trigger outbreaks. We describe the development of a Rapid Surveillance for Vector Presence (RSVP) system to expedite presence- absence surveys for both species. Methodology/Principal findings We developed a methodology that uses molecular assays to efficiently screen pooled ovitrap (egg trap) samples for traces of target species ribosomal RNA. Firstly, specific real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were developed which detect a single Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus first instar larva in samples containing 4,999 and 999 non-target mosquitoes, respectively. ImageJ software was evaluated as an automated egg counting tool using ovitrap collections obtained from Brisbane, Australia. Qualitative assessment of ovistrips was required prior to automation because ImageJ did not differentiate between Aedes eggs and other objects or contaminants on 44.5% of ovistrips assessed, thus compromising the accuracy of egg counts. As a proof of concept, the RSVP was evaluated in Brisbane, Rockhampton and Goomeri, locations where Ae. aegypti is considered absent, present, and at the margin of its range, respectively. In Brisbane, Ae. aegypti was not detected in 25 pools formed from 477 ovitraps, comprising ≈ 54,300 eggs. In Rockhampton, Ae. aegypti was detected in 4/6 pools derived from 45 ovitraps, comprising ≈ 1,700 eggs. In Goomeri, Ae. aegypti was detected in 5/8 pools derived from 62 ovitraps, comprising ≈ 4,200 eggs. Conclusions/Significance RSVP can rapidly detect nucleic acids from low numbers of target species within large samples of endemic species aggregated from multiple ovitraps. This screening capability facilitates deployment of ovitrap configurations of varying spatial scales, from a single residential block to entire suburbs or towns. RSVP is a powerful tool for surveillance of invasive Aedes spp., validation of species eradication and quality assurance for vector control operations implemented during disease outbreaks. Aedes (Stegomyia) vectors of dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses utilize artificial and natural containers as larval habitats. Adults do not usually disperse far (< 500 m) from these larval habitats in urban and peri-urban environments. Highly heterogeneous distributions raise significant logistic challenges to conduct informative surveillance. Public health imperatives require contemporaneous vector mosquito presence-absence data for highly urbanized regions that are both vulnerable to invasions and have frequent exposure to viremic travellers. We developed a promising tool to expedite presence-absence surveillance of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus by integrating molecular diagnostics with ovitraps and automated egg quantification software. The high sensitivity of the molecular assays enabled samples from multiple ovitraps to be pooled and processed for each diagnostic test. This innovation resolves the considerable logistic constraints inherent in traditional ovitrap surveillance programs. Proof of concept was evaluated in field trials in Queensland geographies where Ae. aegypti is considered either absent, present or at the margin of its range (Brisbane, Rockhampton and Goomeri, respectively). Aedes aegypti was detected in Goomeri and Rockhampton and not detected in Brisbane. Further investigation is required to address the inaccuracy of automated egg counting software whenever contaminants are present. RSVP can accommodate varied ovitrap designs and deployment configurations, improves efficiency in laboratory and labor costs for high volumes of samples, and enables a rapid turnaround of results. The RSVP system can innovate surveillance programs for early-warning of invasion, eradication, and quality assurance for vector control in disease response contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian L. Montgomery
- Metro South Public Health Unit, Queensland Health, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin A. Shivas
- Mosquito and Pest Management, Brisbane City Council, Fortitude Valley, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sonja Hall-Mendelin
- Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jim Edwards
- Rockhampton Public Health Unit, Queensland Health, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas A. Hamilton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cassie C. Jansen
- Metro North Public Health Unit, Queensland Health, Windsor, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jamie L. McMahon
- Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Warrilow
- Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew F. van den Hurk
- Public Health Virology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Walther D, Scheuch DE, Kampen H. The invasive Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany: Local reproduction and overwintering. Acta Trop 2017; 166:186-192. [PMID: 27876647 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Within the framework of a German mosquito monitoring programme, the 'Mueckenatlas' (mosquito atlas) has been established as an instrument of citizen participation in mosquito mapping. In 2015, a strikingly large number of Aedes albopictus, which had not been considered established in Germany, was submitted. Three of six collection sites showed local reproduction, with demonstration of developmental stages over three months at two sites. The third populated site was checked only once in October. Developmental stages of Ae. albopictus were found again at these three sites in spring 2016, including one site in southeastern Germany where reproduction had already been documented in 2014. Although population genetic analyses performed on specimens collected at the latter locality in 2014 and 2015 did not provide proof for hibernation, the finding of developmental stages at this and two other very same sites as in the year before and at very early times in the season strongly suggest accomplished overwintering of Ae. albopictus in Germany. Obviously, the second extremely mild winter in Germany in a row and ongoing adaptation of Ae. albopictus to the temperate European climate allow the species to push northwards from endemic regions in the south. Due to the vector competence of Ae. albopictus for numerous pathogens, including dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses, action should be taken immediately after the detection of local reproduction to eliminate the populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Walther
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany.
| | - D E Scheuch
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - H Kampen
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Rosenheim JA, Gratton C. Ecoinformatics (Big Data) for Agricultural Entomology: Pitfalls, Progress, and Promise. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 62:399-417. [PMID: 27912246 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ecoinformatics, as defined in this review, is the use of preexisting data sets to address questions in ecology. We provide the first review of ecoinformatics methods in agricultural entomology. Ecoinformatics methods have been used to address the full range of questions studied by agricultural entomologists, enabled by the special opportunities associated with data sets, nearly all of which have been observational, that are larger and more diverse and that embrace larger spatial and temporal scales than most experimental studies do. We argue that ecoinformatics research methods and traditional, experimental research methods have strengths and weaknesses that are largely complementary. We address the important interpretational challenges associated with observational data sets, highlight common pitfalls, and propose some best practices for researchers using these methods. Ecoinformatics methods hold great promise as a vehicle for capitalizing on the explosion of data emanating from farmers, researchers, and the public, as novel sampling and sensing techniques are developed and digital data sharing becomes more widespread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Rosenheim
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California 95616;
- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Claudio Gratton
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Heym EC, Kampen H, Fahle M, Hohenbrink TL, Schäfer M, Scheuch DE, Walther D. Anopheles plumbeus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany: updated geographic distribution and public health impact of a nuisance and vector mosquito. Trop Med Int Health 2016; 22:103-112. [PMID: 27797433 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to map the current spatial distribution of Anopheles plumbeus in Germany, a potential vector of malaria parasites and West Nile virus. Reports of mass occurrence and nuisance connected with artificial breeding site usage by this species were analysed. METHODS Distribution data were collected from 2011 to 2014 mainly through trapping and submissions of adult mosquito specimens to a citizen science project. In the framework of the latter, additional information was gathered on recent nuisance incidents caused by An. plumbeus, including a longitudinal analysis of mosquito occurrence and the impact of management measures at a nuisance site in south-western Germany. RESULTS Based on the most comprehensive set of collection data obtained during the last decades, An. plumbeus is shown to be widely distributed over Germany. The data also indicate a continuing extension of the breeding site repertoire of the species from natural to artificial habitats that facilitate mass development. Increasing incidents of persistent nuisance suggest that this mosquito species is rarely diagnosed correctly and managed adequately. CONCLUSIONS As An. plumbeus is both a serious nuisance pest and a potential vector species, awareness of this species and the public health problems linked to it should be raised among pest managers and public health personnel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Heym
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Helge Kampen
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Marcus Fahle
- Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias L Hohenbrink
- Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität, Braunschweig, Germany.,Ecohydrology and Landscape Evaluation, Institute of Ecology, Technische Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mandy Schäfer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Dorothee E Scheuch
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Doreen Walther
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Occurrence and Spread of the Invasive Asian Bush Mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in West and North Germany since Detection in 2012 and 2013, Respectively. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167948. [PMID: 27936209 PMCID: PMC5148077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasive Asian bush mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus was first recognised as established in Germany in 2008. In addition to the first known and quickly expanding population in the southwestern part of the country, three separate populations were discovered in West, North and southeastern Germany in 2012, 2013 and 2015, respectively, by means of the ‘Mueckenatlas’, a German instrument of passive mosquito surveillance. Since the first findings of mosquito specimens in West and North Germany, these regions were checked annually for continuing colonisation and spread of the species. Both affected areas were covered by a virtual 10x10km2 grid pattern in the cells of which cemeteries were screened for immature stages of the mosquito. The cells were considered populated as soon as larvae or pupae were detected, whereas they were classified as negative when no mosquito stages were found in the cemeteries of at least three different towns or villages. Presence was also recorded when Ae. j. japonicus adults were submitted to the ‘Mueckenatlas’ from the respective cell or when there was evidence of local occurrence in localities other than cemeteries. Based on this approach, a significant expansion of the populated area was documented in West Germany since the first detection of Ae. j. japonicus in 2012 (increase in positive grid cells by more than 400%), while the North German population appears not to be expanding so far (reduction of positive grid cells by ca. 30% since 2013). As Ae. j. japonicus finds suitable climatic and ecological conditions in Germany, the differential expansion of the two populations might be attributed to the West German population being older and thus more firmly established than the closely related but younger North German population that might still be in its founder phase. However, geographic spread of all German populations in the future is anticipated. Continuous surveillance is recommended, as Ae. j. japonicus is a competent vector of several pathogens in the laboratory.
Collapse
|
72
|
Kampen H, Jansen S, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Walther D. Indoor development of Aedes aegypti in Germany, 2016. Euro Surveill 2016; 21:30407. [PMID: 27918261 PMCID: PMC5291146 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.47.30407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In spring 2016, a German traveller returning from Martinique cultivated imported plant offsets in her home, and accidentally bred Aedes aegypti. Thirteen adult mosquito specimens submitted for identification and the traveller were tested for Zika, dengue and chikungunya virus infections, with negative results. The detection of Ae. aegypti by the 'Mueckenatlas' project demonstrates the value of this passive surveillance scheme for potential public health threats posed by invasive mosquitoes in Germany.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helge Kampen
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Stephanie Jansen
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Doreen Walther
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Muencheberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Zika Virus (ZIKV). Transfus Med Hemother 2016; 43:436-446. [PMID: 27994533 PMCID: PMC5159718 DOI: 10.1159/000447782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
|
74
|
Kampen H, Schäfer M, Zielke DE, Walther D. The Anopheles maculipennis complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany: an update following recent monitoring activities. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:3281-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
75
|
Zielke DE, Walther D, Kampen H. Newly discovered population of Aedes japonicus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Upper Bavaria, Germany, and Salzburg, Austria, is closely related to the Austrian/Slovenian bush mosquito population. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:163. [PMID: 27000804 PMCID: PMC4802659 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The German mosquito surveillance instrument ‘Mueckenatlas’ requests the general public to collect and submit mosquito specimens. Among these, increasing numbers of individuals of invasive species have been registered. Specimens of the Asian bush mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus submitted from German Upper Bavaria, where this species had not previously been recorded, triggered regional monitoring in mid-2015. Methods The search for Ae. j. japonicus breeding sites and developmental stages concentrated on cemeteries in the municipality of origin of the submitted specimens and, subsequently, in the whole region. A virtual grid consisting of 10 × 10 km2 cells in which up to three cemeteries were checked, was laid over the region. A cell was considered positive as soon as Ae. j. japonicus larvae were detected, and regarded negative when no larvae could be found in any of the cemeteries inspected. All cells surrounding a positive cell were screened accordingly. A subset of collected Aedes j. japonicus specimens was subjected to microsatellite and nad4 sequence analyses, and obtained data were compared to individuals from previously discovered European populations. Results Based on the grid cells, an area of approximately 900 km2 was populated by Ae. j. japonicus in Upper Bavaria and neighbouring Austria. Genetic analyses of microsatellites and nad4 gene sequences generated one genotype out of two previously described for Europe and three haplotypes, one of which had previously been found in Europe only in Ae. j. japonicus samples from a population in East Austria and Slovenia. The genetic analysis suggests the new population is closely related to the Austrian/Slovenian population. Conclusion As Ae. j. japonicus is well adapted to temperate climates, it has a strong tendency to expand and to colonise new territories in Central Europe, which is facilitated by human-mediated, passive transportation. The new population in Upper Bavaria/Austria is the seventh separate population described in Europe. According to our data, it originated from a previously detected population in eastern Austria/Slovenia and not from an introduction event from abroad. The dispersal and population dynamics of Ae. j. japonicus should be thoroughly surveyed, as this species is a potential vector of disease agents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1447-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee E Zielke
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Muencheberg, Germany.,Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Doreen Walther
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Muencheberg, Germany.
| | - Helge Kampen
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Talla C, Diallo D, Dia I, Ba Y, Ndione JA, Morse AP, Diop A, Diallo M. Modelling hotspots of the two dominant Rift Valley fever vectors (Aedes vexans and Culex poicilipes) in Barkédji, Sénégal. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:111. [PMID: 26922792 PMCID: PMC4769837 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Climatic and environmental variables were used successfully by using models to predict Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus outbreaks in East Africa. However, these models are not replicable in the West African context due to a likely difference of the dynamic of the virus emergence. For these reasons specific models mainly oriented to the risk mapping have been developed. Hence, the areas of high vector pressure or virus activity are commonly predicted. However, the factors impacting their occurrence are poorly investigated and still unknown. In this study, we examine the impact of climate and environmental factors on the likelihood of occurrence of the two main vectors of RVF in West Africa (Aedes vexans and Culex poicilipes) hotspots. METHODS We used generalized linear mixed models taking into account spatial autocorrelation, in order to overcome the default threshold for areas with high mosquito abundance identified by these models. Getis' Gi*(d) index was used to define local adult mosquito abundance clusters (hotspot). RESULTS For Culex poicilipes, a decrease of the minimum temperature promotes the occurrence of hotspots, whereas, for Aedes vexans, the likelihood of hotspot occurrence is negatively correlated with relative humidity, maximum and minimum temperatures. However, for the two vectors, proximity to ponds would increase the risk of being in an hotspot area. CONCLUSIONS These results may be useful in the improvement of RVF monitoring and vector control management in the Barkedji area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheikh Talla
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, B.P. 220, Dakar, Sénégal. .,Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches en Statistiques et Développement, Université Gaston Berger, Saint-Louis, Sénégal.
| | - Diawo Diallo
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, B.P. 220, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - Ibrahima Dia
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, B.P. 220, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - Yamar Ba
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, B.P. 220, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | | | - Andrew P Morse
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,National Health Service, National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Aliou Diop
- Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches en Statistiques et Développement, Université Gaston Berger, Saint-Louis, Sénégal.
| | - Mawlouth Diallo
- Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, B.P. 220, Dakar, Sénégal.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Collantes F, Delacour S, Alarcón-Elbal PM, Ruiz-Arrondo I, Delgado JA, Torrell-Sorio A, Bengoa M, Eritja R, Miranda MÁ, Molina R, Lucientes J. Review of ten-years presence of Aedes albopictus in Spain 2004-2014: known distribution and public health concerns. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:655. [PMID: 26694818 PMCID: PMC4688962 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten years have gone by since the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus was recorded for the first time in Spain. In this paper, all relevant published information about this vector in Spain for the period 2004-2014 is reviewed. The known distribution for 2014 is provided, including all historical records (published and unpublished data) and the results from samplings of the last year. The consequences on public health about the presence of the Asian tiger mosquito in Spain are also highlighted. Further, legal aspects and control plans related to the management and diseases transmitted by this invasive vector species are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Collantes
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Sarah Delacour
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Pedro María Alarcón-Elbal
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Ruiz-Arrondo
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Delgado
- Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Torrell-Sorio
- Department d'Agricultura, Servei de Gestió Forestal, Direcció General del Medi Natural i Biodiversitat, Ramaderia, Pesca, Alimentació i Medi Natural, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mikel Bengoa
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Roger Eritja
- Servei de Control de Mosquits, Consell Comarcal del Baix Llobregat, Parc Torreblanca, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Miranda
- Departament de Biologia, Área de Zoología, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Molina
- Unidad de Entomología Médica, Servicio de Parasitología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Lucientes
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
First record of Aedes koreicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:1331-4. [PMID: 26614356 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Within the framework of a national mosquito monitoring programme, a mosquito specimen collected in mid-2015 in southern Germany was identified as Aedes koreicus, a non-endemic species originating from East Asia. After the Asian bush mosquito Aedes japonicus, which is already established in Germany and widely distributed, and the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus, which is increasingly often introduced from southern Europe, A. koreicus is the third demonstrated invasive mosquito species in Germany supposed to have significant vector potential for disease agents.
Collapse
|
79
|
Vogels CB, van de Peppel LJ, van Vliet AJ, Westenberg M, Ibañez-Justicia A, Stroo A, Buijs JA, Visser TM, Koenraadt CJ. Winter Activity and Aboveground Hybridization Between the Two Biotypes of the West Nile Virus VectorCulex pipiens. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2015; 15:619-26. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal B.F. Vogels
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arnold J.H. van Vliet
- Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Westenberg
- Dutch National Plant Protection Organization, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adolfo Ibañez-Justicia
- Centre for Monitoring of Vectors (CMV), National Reference Centre (NRC), Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Ministry of Economic Affairs, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Stroo
- Centre for Monitoring of Vectors (CMV), National Reference Centre (NRC), Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Ministry of Economic Affairs, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A. Buijs
- Public Health Service Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa M. Visser
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
80
|
Kampen H, Werner D. Die wiederkehrende Notwendigkeit von Stechmücken-Surveillance und -Forschung. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2015; 58:1101-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00103-015-2218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
81
|
Vaux AGC, Medlock JM. Current status of invasive mosquito surveillance in the UK. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:351. [PMID: 26122427 PMCID: PMC4491199 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-native invasive mosquitoes have for many years made incursions into Europe, and are now established in many European countries. The continued European importation of potential vectors and their expansion within Europe increases their potential for importation and establishment in the UK. Coupled with increasing numbers of returning dengue and chikungunya infected travellers, the potential exists for transmission of vector borne disease in new regions. METHODS To ensure a cost-effective risk assessment and preparedness strategy the UK employs a multi-faceted approach to surveillance for non-native Aedes mosquitoes, including passive and active surveillance strategies at a local, regional, and national level. Passive surveillance, including a national mosquito recording scheme and local authority nuisance biting reporting, are combined with targeted active surveillance at seaports, airports, used tyre importers, and motorway service stations. RESULTS There is no evidence to date that any invasive Aedes species (e.g., Aedes albopictus, Aedes japonicus, Aedes aegypti) occur in the UK despite sharing many of the same routes that have been found to have facilitated their entry into other countries. CONCLUSIONS This paper sets in context the UK approaches with other European countries and those recommended by the ECDC. It also highlights future UK strategies to enhance surveillance for non-native mosquitoes to help ensure that incursions can be managed, and these mosquitoes do not establish and public health is protected. Focus will be given to increasing the number of submissions of mosquitoes to passive surveillance schemes and maintaining active surveillance efforts at key routes of potential importation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G C Vaux
- Medical Entomology & Zoonoses Ecology group, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, United Kingdom.
| | - Jolyon M Medlock
- Medical Entomology & Zoonoses Ecology group, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Werner D, Kampen H. Aedes albopictus breeding in southern Germany, 2014. Parasitol Res 2014; 114:831-4. [PMID: 25468383 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Larvae, pupae and eggs of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus were found in Freiburg, southern Germany, after submission of an adult mosquito specimen from that area to the 'Mückenatlas', a German instrument of passive mosquito surveillance. While previously collected Ae. albopictus in Germany were trapped on, or close to, service stations on motorways, suggesting introduction by vehicles from southern Europe, these new specimens were out of flight distance from the motorway on the one hand and indicate local reproduction on the other. The findings call for a thorough active and passive surveillance in exposed geographic regions such as the relatively warm German Upper Rhine Valley to prevent Ae. albopictus from establishing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Werner
- Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Muencheberg, Germany,
| | | |
Collapse
|