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Arimura Y, Shindo Y, Yamanaka R, Mochizuki M, Hotta K, Nakahara T, Ito E, Yoshioka T, Oka K. Peripheral-neuron-like properties of differentiated human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251356. [PMID: 33956879 PMCID: PMC8101759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms underlying human pain sensation requires the establishment of an in vitro model of pain reception comprising human cells expressing pain-sensing receptors and function properly as neurons. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells and a promising candidate for producing human neuronal cells, however, the functional properties of differentiated hDPSCs have not yet been fully characterized. In this study, we demonstrated neuronal differentiation of hDPSCs via both their expression of neuronal marker proteins and their neuronal function examined using Ca2+ imaging. Moreover, to confirm the ability of nociception, Ca2+ responses in differentiated hDPSCs were compared to those of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Those cells showed similar responses to glutamate, ATP and agonists of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Since TRP channels are implicated in nociception, differentiated hDPSCs provide a useful in vitro model of human peripheral neuron response to stimuli interpreted as pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Arimura
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shindo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryu Yamanaka
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Mai Mochizuki
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Science Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohji Hotta
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taka Nakahara
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Dentistry, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tohru Yoshioka
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kotaro Oka
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience and Informatics, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Uzieliene I, Bagdonas E, Hoshi K, Sakamoto T, Hikita A, Tachtamisevaite Z, Rakauskiene G, Kvederas G, Mobasheri A, Bernotiene E. Different phenotypes and chondrogenic responses of human menstrual blood and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to activin A and TGF-β3. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:251. [PMID: 33926568 PMCID: PMC8082646 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02286-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to its low capacity for self-repair, articular cartilage is highly susceptible to damage and deterioration, which leads to the development of degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). Menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MenSCs) are much less characterized, as compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMMSCs). However, MenSCs seem an attractive alternative to classical BMMSCs due to ease of access and broader differentiation capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate chondrogenic differentiation potential of MenSCs and BMMSCs stimulated with transforming growth factor β (TGF-β3) and activin A. METHODS MenSCs (n = 6) and BMMSCs (n = 5) were isolated from different healthy donors. Expression of cell surface markers CD90, CD73, CD105, CD44, CD45, CD14, CD36, CD55, CD54, CD63, CD106, CD34, CD10, and Notch1 was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation capacity was determined using CCK-8 proliferation kit and cell migration ability was evaluated by scratch assay. Adipogenic differentiation capacity was evaluated according to Oil-Red staining and osteogenic differentiation according to Alizarin Red staining. Chondrogenic differentiation (activin A and TGF-β3 stimulation) was investigated in vitro and in vivo (subcutaneous scaffolds in nude BALB/c mice) by expression of chondrogenic genes (collagen type II, aggrecan), GAG assay and histologically. Activin A protein production was evaluated by ELISA during chondrogenic differentiation in monolayer culture. RESULTS MenSCs exhibited a higher proliferation rate, as compared to BMMSCs, and a different expression profile of several cell surface markers. Activin A stimulated collagen type II gene expression and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in TGF-β3 treated MenSCs but not in BMMSCs, both in vitro and in vivo, although the effects of TGF-β3 alone were more pronounced in BMMSCs in vitro. CONCLUSION These data suggest that activin A exerts differential effects on the induction of chondrogenic differentiation in MenSCs vs. BMMSCs, which implies that different mechanisms of chondrogenic regulation are activated in these cells. Following further optimization of differentiation protocols and the choice of growth factors, potentially including activin A, MenSCs may turn out to be a promising population of stem cells for the development of cell-based therapies with the capacity to stimulate cartilage repair and regeneration in OA and related osteoarticular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Uzieliene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edvardas Bagdonas
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Department of Oral-maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Tissue Engineering, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Department of Oral-maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hikita
- Department of Tissue Engineering, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Zivile Tachtamisevaite
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Greta Rakauskiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland.,Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Eiva Bernotiene
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Concentrated exosomes from menstrual blood-derived stromal cells improves ovarian activity in a rat model of premature ovarian insufficiency. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:178. [PMID: 33712079 PMCID: PMC7953711 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is one of the major causes of infertility. We previously demonstrated that transplantation of menstrual blood-derived stromal cells (MenSCs) effectively improved ovarian function in a murine model of POI. Recent studies indicated that mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes were important components in tissue repair. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of MenSCs-derived exosomes (MenSCs-Exos) in a rat model of POI and its mechanism in restoring ovulation. Methods Ovaries of 4.5-day-old Sprague Dawley rats (SD rats) were cultured in vitro to evaluate the effects of MenSCs-Exos exposure on early follicle development. Furthermore, POI in rats was induced by intraperitoneal administration of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD). Forty-eight POI rats were randomly assigned to four groups, each receiving a different treatment: PBS, MenSCs, MenSCs-Exos, and Exo-free culture supernatant of MenSCs. Estrous cyclicity, ovarian morphology, follicle dynamics, serum hormones, pregnancy outcomes, and molecular changes were investigated. Results Exposure to MenSCs-Exos promoted the proliferation of granulosa cells in primordial and primary follicles in vitro and increased the expression of early follicle markers Deleted In Azoospermia Like (DAZL) and Forkhead Box L2 (FOXL2) while inhibiting follicle apoptosis. In vivo, MenSCs-Exos transplantation effectively promoted follicle development in the rat model of POI and restored the estrous cyclicity and serum sex hormone levels, followed by improving the live birth outcome. In addition, transplantation of MenSCs-Exos regulated the composition of the ovarian extracellular matrix and accelerated the recruitment of dormant follicles in the ovarian cortex and increased proliferation of granulosa cells in these follicles. Conclusion MenSCs-Exos markedly promoted follicle development in vitro and in vivo and restored fertility in POI rats, suggesting a restorative effect on ovarian functions. The therapeutic effect of MenSCs-Exos transplantation was sustainable, consistent with that of MenSCs transplantation. Our results suggested that MenSCs-Exos transplantation may be a promising cell-free bioresource in the treatment of POI.
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Lu J, Xie ZY, Zhu DH, Li LJ. Human menstrual blood-derived stem cells as immunoregulatory therapy in COVID-19: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:1705-1713. [PMID: 33728315 PMCID: PMC7942055 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i7.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by novel coronavirus 2019 in December 2019 has spread all around the globe and has caused a pandemic. There is still no current effective guidance on the clinical management of COVID-19. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy has been shown to be one of the therapeutic approaches to alleviate pneumonia and symptoms through their immunomo-dulatory effect in COVID-19 patients.
CASE SUMMARY We describe the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Hangzhou to explore the role of human menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) in the treatment of COVID-19. Moreover, we review the immunomodulation effect including non-specific and specific immune functions of MenSCs for the therapy of COVID-19.
CONCLUSION MenSCs can be helpful to find a promising therapeutic approach for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhong-Yang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dan-Hua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lan-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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55
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Yan W, Diao S, Fan Z. The role and mechanism of mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism in the function regulation of the mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:140. [PMID: 33597020 PMCID: PMC7890860 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that show self-renewal, multi-directional differentiation, and paracrine and immune regulation. As a result of these properties, the MSCs have great clinical application prospects, especially in the regeneration of injured tissues, functional reconstruction, and cell therapy. However, the transplanted MSCs are prone to ageing and apoptosis and have a difficult to control direction differentiation. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively regulate the functions of the MSCs to promote their desired effects. In recent years, it has been found that mitochondria, the main organelles responsible for energy metabolism and adenosine triphosphate production in cells, play a key role in regulating different functions of the MSCs through various mechanisms. Thus, mitochondria could act as effective targets for regulating and promoting the functions of the MSCs. In this review, we discuss the research status and current understanding of the role and mechanism of mitochondrial energy metabolism, morphology, transfer modes, and dynamics on MSC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhao Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.,Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Diao
- Department of Pediatric dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Xu X, Jiang W, Chen L, Xu Z, Zhang Q, Zhu M, Ye P, Li H, Yu L, Zhou X, Zhou C, Chen X, Zheng X, Xu K, Cai H, Zheng S, Jiang W, Wu X, Li D, Chen L, Luo Q, Wang Y, Qu J, Li Y, Zheng W, Jiang Y, Tang L, Xiang C, Li L. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of using human menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in treating severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients: An exploratory clinical trial. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e297. [PMID: 33634996 PMCID: PMC7839959 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in December 2019 and has subsequently spread worldwide. Currently, there is no effective method to cure COVID-19. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may be able to effectively treat COVID-19, especially for severe and critical patients. Menstrual blood-derived MSCs have recently received much attention due to their superior proliferation ability and their lack of ethical problems. Forty-four patients were enrolled from January to April 2020 in a multicenter, open-label, nonrandomized, parallel-controlled exploratory trial. Twenty-six patients received allogeneic, menstrual blood-derived MSC therapy, and concomitant medications (experimental group), and 18 patients received only concomitant medications (control group). The experimental group was treated with three infusions totaling 9 × 107 MSCs, one infusion every other day. Primary and secondary endpoints related to safety and efficacy were assessed at various time points during the 1-month period following MSC infusion. Safety was measured using the frequency of treatment-related adverse events (AEs). Patients in the MSC group showed significantly lower mortality (7.69% died in the experimental group vs 33.33% in the control group; P = .048). There was a significant improvement in dyspnea while undergoing MSC infusion on days 1, 3, and 5. Additionally, SpO2 was significantly improved following MSC infusion, and chest imaging results were improved in the experimental group in the first month after MSC infusion. The incidence of most AEs did not differ between the groups. MSC-based therapy may serve as a promising alternative method for treating severe and critical COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Wanli Jiang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHebeiP.R. China
| | - Lijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Innovative Precision Medicine (IPM) GroupHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Innovative Precision Medicine (IPM) GroupHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Mengfei Zhu
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Infectious DiseasesRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHebeiP.R. China
| | - Hang Li
- Innovative Precision Medicine (IPM) GroupHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Liang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhou
- Department of Infectious DiseasesRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHebeiP.R. China
| | - Chenliang Zhou
- Department of Infectious DiseasesRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHebeiP.R. China
| | - Xiaobei Chen
- Department of Infectious DiseasesRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHebeiP.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Kaijin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Hongliu Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Shufa Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Wubian Jiang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHebeiP.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Department of Infectious DiseasesRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHebeiP.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Infectious DiseasesRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHebeiP.R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- Innovative Precision Medicine (IPM) GroupHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Qingqing Luo
- Innovative Precision Medicine (IPM) GroupHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Yingyan Wang
- Innovative Precision Medicine (IPM) GroupHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Jingjing Qu
- Department of Respiratory DiseaseThoracic Disease CentreThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Yifei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Wendi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Yingan Jiang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHebeiP.R. China
| | - Lingling Tang
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Charlie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalCollege of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical CollegeHangzhouZhejiangP. R. China
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Sheikholeslami A, Kalhor N, Sheykhhasan M, Jannatifar R, Sahraei SS. Evaluating differentiation potential of the human menstrual blood-derived stem cells from infertile women into oocyte-like cells. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100477. [PMID: 33401233 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the most intricate infertility problems among women is the number and quality of the oocytes. Menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) are a recently discovered source of mesenchymal stem cells which is known as a suitable source of cells for regenerative medicine. We aimed to investigate whether MenSCs as autologous cell source from endometriosis, PCOS, and healthy women have different characteristics regarding their morphology, CD marker expression pattern, differentiation potential into oocyte-like cells, and oocyte-related genes expression. Menstrual blood samples (1-2 ml) from healthy and infertile women (PCOS and endometriosis) in the age range of 22-35 years were collected. Isolated MenSCs by the Ficoll-Paque density-gradient centrifugation method was characterized by flow cytometry. MenSCs were induced under 20 % follicular fluid (FF), and then they were evaluated for differentiation by Real time-PCR and immunocytochemistry assay. MenSCs derived from endometriosis women had different morphology from PCOS and healthy women, but similar regarding their CD marker pattern. All induced MenSCs showed morphological changes and expressed oocyte related genes (STELLA, GDF9, STRA8, PRDM, LHR, FSHR, SCP3, DDX4, and ZP2) in the 2nd week of culture, but there was a significant difference between the groups. Endometriosis-derived MenSCs showed higher levels of both gene and protein expressions. These findings propose that MenSCs derived from endometriosis and PCOS patients under 20 % FF, not only could differentiate into oocyte-like cells, but also showed more differential potential in comparison with healthy women. This indicates the possibility of using the patients' own MenSCs to differentiate into the oocyte-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Sheikholeslami
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Naser Kalhor
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Rahil Jannatifar
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Saeideh Sahraei
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran; Department of Reproductive Biology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran.
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58
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Rungsiwiwut R, Virutamasen P, Pruksananonda K. Mesenchymal stem cells for restoring endometrial function: An infertility perspective. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:13-19. [PMID: 33488279 PMCID: PMC7812475 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be derived from several tissues such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, or endometrial tissue. MSCs gain a lot of attention for cell-based therapy due to their characteristics including differentiation ability and immunomodulatory effect. Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrated that MSCs can be applied to treat female infertility by improving of the functions of ovary and uterus. This mini- review focuses on the current study of treatment of endometrial infertility by using MSCs. METHODS The present study performed a literature review focusing on the effect of MSCs for treatment of women infertility caused by endometrial dysfunction. RESULTS Bone marrow-, umbilical cord-, adipose-, amniotic-, and menstruation-derived MSCs enhance endometrial cell proliferation, injury repairs as well as reducing scar formation. The beneficial mechanism probably via immunomodulatory, cell differentiation, stimulates endometrial cell proliferation and down-regulation of fibrosis genes. The major advantage of using MSCs is to improve endometrial functions resulting in increased implantation and pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS MSCs exhibit a potential for endometrial infertility treatment. Adipose- and menstruation-derived stem cells show advantages over other sources because the cells can be derived easily and do not causes graft rejection after autologous transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pramuan Virutamasen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of MedicineChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Kamthorn Pruksananonda
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of MedicineChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
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Stem Cells in Clinical Research and Therapy. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-1638-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Li Z, Niu S, Guo B, Gao T, Wang L, Wang Y, Wang L, Tan Y, Wu J, Hao J. Stem cell therapy for COVID-19, ARDS and pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12939. [PMID: 33098357 PMCID: PMC7645923 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 mainly causes damage to the lung, as well as other organs and systems such as the hearts, the immune system and so on. Although the pathogenesis of COVID-19 has been fully elucidated, there is no specific therapy for the disease at present, and most treatments are limited to supportive care. Stem cell therapy may be a potential treatment for refractory and unmanageable pulmonary illnesses, which has shown some promising results in preclinical studies. In this review, we systematically summarize the pathogenic progression and potential mechanisms underlying stem cell therapy in COVID-19, and registered COVID-19 clinical trials. Of all the stem cell therapies touted for COVID-19 treatment, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or MSC-like derivatives have been the most promising in preclinical studies and clinical trials so far. MSCs have been suggested to ameliorate the cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and protect alveolar epithelial cells by secreting many kinds of factors, demonstrating safety and possible efficacy in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, considering the consistency and uniformity of stem cell quality cannot be quantified nor guaranteed at this point, more work remains to be done in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Li
- Institute of ZoologyState Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- National Stem Cell Resource CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shuaishuai Niu
- Institute of ZoologyState Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- National Stem Cell Resource CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Baojie Guo
- Institute of ZoologyState Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- National Stem Cell Resource CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Tingting Gao
- Institute of ZoologyState Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- National Stem Cell Resource CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of ZoologyState Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- National Stem Cell Resource CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yukai Wang
- Institute of ZoologyState Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- National Stem Cell Resource CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Liu Wang
- Institute of ZoologyState Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- National Stem Cell Resource CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuanqing Tan
- Institute of ZoologyState Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- National Stem Cell Resource CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jun Wu
- Institute of ZoologyState Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- National Stem Cell Resource CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jie Hao
- Institute of ZoologyState Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- National Stem Cell Resource CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Xu HK, Chen LJ, Zhou SN, Li YF, Xiang C. Multifunctional role of microRNAs in mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in treatment of diseases. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1276-1294. [PMID: 33312398 PMCID: PMC7705472 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i11.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells can be replaced by exosomes for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, injury repair, degenerative diseases, and tumors. Exosomes are small vesicles rich in a variety of nucleic acids [including messenger RNA, Long non-coding RNA, microRNA (miRNA), and circular RNA], proteins, and lipids. Exosomes can be secreted by most cells in the human body and are known to play a key role in the communication of information and material transport between cells. Like exosomes, miRNAs were neglected before their role in various activities of organisms was discovered. Several studies have confirmed that miRNAs play a vital role within exosomes. This review focuses on the specific role of miRNAs in MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-exosomes) and the methods commonly used by researchers to study miRNAs in exosomes. Taken together, miRNAs from MSC-exosomes display immense potential and practical value, both in basic medicine and future clinical applications, in treating several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Kang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Si-Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Charlie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Kangari P, Talaei-Khozani T, Razeghian-Jahromi I, Razmkhah M. Mesenchymal stem cells: amazing remedies for bone and cartilage defects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:492. [PMID: 33225992 PMCID: PMC7681994 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal disorders are among the leading debilitating factors affecting millions of people worldwide. The use of stem cells for tissue repair has raised many promises in various medical fields, including skeletal disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells with mesodermal and neural crest origin. These cells are one of the most attractive candidates in regenerative medicine, and their use could be helpful in repairing and regeneration of skeletal disorders through several mechanisms including homing, angiogenesis, differentiation, and response to inflammatory condition. The most widely studied sources of MSCs are bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue, muscle, umbilical cord (UC), umbilical cord blood (UCB), placenta (PL), Wharton's jelly (WJ), and amniotic fluid. These cells are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myocytes in vitro. MSCs obtained from various sources have diverse capabilities of secreting many different cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. It is believed that the salutary effects of MSCs from different sources are not alike in terms of repairing or reformation of injured skeletal tissues. Accordingly, differential identification of MSCs' secretome enables us to make optimal choices in skeletal disorders considering various sources. This review discusses and compares the therapeutic abilities of MSCs from different sources for bone and cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Kangari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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63
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Galectin-9 is required for endometrial regenerative cells to induce long-term cardiac allograft survival in mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:471. [PMID: 33153471 PMCID: PMC7643467 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial regenerative cells (ERCs), a novel type of mesenchymal-like stem cells, were identified as an attractive candidate for immunoregulation and induction of cardiac allograft tolerance. However, the underlying mechanisms of ERCs in immune regulation still remain largely unclear. The present study is designed to determine whether the expression of Galectin-9 (Gal-9), a soluble tandem-repeat member of the galectin family, is crucial for ERC-based immunomodulation. Methods In this study, we measured Gal-9 expression on ERCs and then co-cultured Gal-9-ERCs, ERCs, and ERCs+lactose (Gal-9 blocker) with activated C57BL/6-derived splenocytes. Furthermore, we performed mouse heart transplantation between BALB/c (H-2d) donor and C57BL/6 (H-2b) recipient. ERCs were administrated 24 h after the surgery, either alone or in combination with rapamycin. Results Our data demonstrate that ERCs express Gal-9, and this expression is increased by IFN-γ stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, both in vitro and in vivo results show that Gal-9-ERC-mediated therapy significantly suppressed Th1 and Th17 cell response, inhibited CD8+ T cell proliferation, abrogated B cell activation, decreased donor-specific antibody production, and enhanced the Treg population. The therapeutic effect of ERCs was further verified by their roles in prolonging cardiac allograft survival and alleviating graft pathological changes. Conclusions Taken together, these data indicate that Gal-9 is required for ERC-mediated immunomodulation and prevention of allograft rejection.
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Critchley HOD, Babayev E, Bulun SE, Clark S, Garcia-Grau I, Gregersen PK, Kilcoyne A, Kim JYJ, Lavender M, Marsh EE, Matteson KA, Maybin JA, Metz CN, Moreno I, Silk K, Sommer M, Simon C, Tariyal R, Taylor HS, Wagner GP, Griffith LG. Menstruation: science and society. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223:624-664. [PMID: 32707266 PMCID: PMC7661839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Women's health concerns are generally underrepresented in basic and translational research, but reproductive health in particular has been hampered by a lack of understanding of basic uterine and menstrual physiology. Menstrual health is an integral part of overall health because between menarche and menopause, most women menstruate. Yet for tens of millions of women around the world, menstruation regularly and often catastrophically disrupts their physical, mental, and social well-being. Enhancing our understanding of the underlying phenomena involved in menstruation, abnormal uterine bleeding, and other menstruation-related disorders will move us closer to the goal of personalized care. Furthermore, a deeper mechanistic understanding of menstruation-a fast, scarless healing process in healthy individuals-will likely yield insights into a myriad of other diseases involving regulation of vascular function locally and systemically. We also recognize that many women now delay pregnancy and that there is an increasing desire for fertility and uterine preservation. In September 2018, the Gynecologic Health and Disease Branch of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development convened a 2-day meeting, "Menstruation: Science and Society" with an aim to "identify gaps and opportunities in menstruation science and to raise awareness of the need for more research in this field." Experts in fields ranging from the evolutionary role of menstruation to basic endometrial biology (including omic analysis of the endometrium, stem cells and tissue engineering of the endometrium, endometrial microbiome, and abnormal uterine bleeding and fibroids) and translational medicine (imaging and sampling modalities, patient-focused analysis of menstrual disorders including abnormal uterine bleeding, smart technologies or applications and mobile health platforms) to societal challenges in health literacy and dissemination frameworks across different economic and cultural landscapes shared current state-of-the-art and future vision, incorporating the patient voice at the launch of the meeting. Here, we provide an enhanced meeting report with extensive up-to-date (as of submission) context, capturing the spectrum from how the basic processes of menstruation commence in response to progesterone withdrawal, through the role of tissue-resident and circulating stem and progenitor cells in monthly regeneration-and current gaps in knowledge on how dysregulation leads to abnormal uterine bleeding and other menstruation-related disorders such as adenomyosis, endometriosis, and fibroids-to the clinical challenges in diagnostics, treatment, and patient and societal education. We conclude with an overview of how the global agenda concerning menstruation, and specifically menstrual health and hygiene, are gaining momentum, ranging from increasing investment in addressing menstruation-related barriers facing girls in schools in low- to middle-income countries to the more recent "menstrual equity" and "period poverty" movements spreading across high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary O D Critchley
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Elnur Babayev
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Serdar E Bulun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Iolanda Garcia-Grau
- Igenomix Foundation-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Peter K Gregersen
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY
| | | | | | | | - Erica E Marsh
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kristen A Matteson
- Division of Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Jacqueline A Maybin
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christine N Metz
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY
| | - Inmaculada Moreno
- Igenomix Foundation-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Kami Silk
- Department of Communication, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Marni Sommer
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Carlos Simon
- Igenomix Foundation-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Günter P Wagner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Linda G Griffith
- Center for Gynepathology Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
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Chen J, Hu C, Chen L, Tang L, Zhu Y, Xu X, Chen L, Gao H, Lu X, Yu L, Dai X, Xiang C, Li L. Clinical Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Induced by Epidemic Influenza A (H7N9) Infection: A Hint for COVID-19 Treatment. ENGINEERING (BEIJING, CHINA) 2020; 6:1153-1161. [PMID: 32292627 PMCID: PMC7102606 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
H7N9 viruses quickly spread between mammalian hosts and carry the risk of human-to-human transmission, as shown by the 2013 outbreak. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), lung failure, and acute pneumonia are major lung diseases in H7N9 patients. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising choice for treating virus-induced pneumonia, and was used to treat H7N9-induced ARDS in 2013. The transplant of MSCs into patients with H7N9-induced ARDS was conducted at a single center through an open-label clinical trial. Based on the principles of voluntariness and informed consent, 44 patients with H7N9-induced ARDS were included as a control group, while 17 patients with H7N9-induced ARDS acted as an experimental group with allogeneic menstrual-blood-derived MSCs. It was notable that MSC transplantation significantly lowered the mortality of the experimental group, compared with the control group (17.6% died in the experimental group while 54.5% died in the control group). Furthermore, MSC transplantation did not result in harmful effects in the bodies of four of the patients who were part of the five-year follow-up period. Collectively, these results suggest that MSCs significantly improve the survival rate of H7N9-induced ARDS and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of H7N9-induced ARDS in both preclinical research and clinical studies. Because H7N9 and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) share similar complications (e.g., ARDS and lung failure) and corresponding multi-organ dysfunction, MSC-based therapy could be a possible alternative for treating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chenxia Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lingling Tang
- Shulan (Hangzhou)Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Yixin Zhu
- Shulan (Hangzhou)Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Innovative Precision Medicine (IPM) Group, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Hainv Gao
- Shulan (Hangzhou)Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Liang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiahong Dai
- Shulan (Hangzhou)Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Charlie Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Shulan (Hangzhou)Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou 310022, China
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Irmak DK, Darıcı H, Karaöz E. Stem Cell Based Therapy Option in COVID-19: Is It Really Promising? Aging Dis 2020; 11:1174-1191. [PMID: 33014531 PMCID: PMC7505270 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 patients were first detected in China, in December 2019, then the novel virus with associated pneumonia and other diseases spread quickly to worldwide becoming a serious public health intimidation. Despite all the efforts, the pharmacological agents used for controlling or treating the disease, especially respiratory problems, have not been accomplished so far. Among various treatment options, mesenchymal stem cell-based cellular therapies are being investigated, because of their regeneration ability and multipotency along with other features like immunomodulation, antifibrosis and anti-inflammatory effects. This paper intends to analyze the current clinical trials on stem cell treatment of novel virus, searching and reviewing the available information and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) of World Health Organization (WHO). We concluded that the stem cell treatment of COVID-19 is found promising with pilot studies' results, but still in the early development phase. There is an urgent need for large-scale investigations to confirm and validate the safety and efficacy profile of these therapies with reliable scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Koyuncu Irmak
- Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology & Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey
- Istinye University, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering R&D Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Darıcı
- Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology & Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey
- Istinye University, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering R&D Center, Istanbul, Turkey
- Istinye University, 3D Bioprinting Design & Prototyping R&D Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdal Karaöz
- Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology & Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey
- Istinye University, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering R&D Center, Istanbul, Turkey
- Istinye University, 3D Bioprinting Design & Prototyping R&D Center, Istanbul, Turkey
- Liv Hospital, Stem Cell and Regenerative Therapies Center (LivMedCell), Istanbul, Turkey
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67
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Kavianpour M, Saleh M, Verdi J. The role of mesenchymal stromal cells in immune modulation of COVID-19: focus on cytokine storm. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:404. [PMID: 32948252 PMCID: PMC7499002 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is quickly spreading all over the world. This virus, which is called SARS-CoV-2, has infected tens of thousands of people. Based on symptoms, the pathogenesis of acute respiratory illness is responsible for highly homogenous coronaviruses as well as other pathogens. Evidence suggests that high inflammation rates, oxidation, and overwhelming immune response probably contribute to pathology of COVID-19. COVID-19 causes cytokine storm, which subsequently leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), often ending up in the death of patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotential stem cells that are recognized via self-renewal capacity, generation of clonal populations, and multilineage differentiation. MSCs are present in nearly all tissues of the body, playing an essential role in repair and generation of tissues. Furthermore, MSCs have broad immunoregulatory properties through the interaction of immune cells in both innate and adaptive immune systems, leading to immunosuppression of many effector activities. MSCs can reduce the cytokine storm produced by coronavirus infection. In a number of studies, the administration of these cells has been beneficial for COVID-19 patients. Also, MSCs may be able to improve pulmonary fibrosis and lung function. In this review, we will review the newest research findings regarding MSC-based immunomodulation in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kavianpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cell-Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Saleh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Javad Verdi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hu C, Zhao L, Zhang L, Bao Q, Li L. Mesenchymal stem cell-based cell-free strategies: safe and effective treatments for liver injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:377. [PMID: 32883343 PMCID: PMC7469278 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various hepatoxic factors, such as viruses, drugs, lipid deposition, and autoimmune responses, induce acute or chronic liver injury, and 3.5% of all worldwide deaths result from liver cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver transplantation is currently limited by few liver donors, expensive surgical costs, and severe immune rejection. Cell therapy, including hepatocyte transplantation and stem cell transplantation, has recently become an attractive option to reduce the overall need for liver transplantation and reduce the wait time for patients. Recent studies showed that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration was a promising therapeutic approach for promoting liver regeneration and repairing liver injury by the migration of cells into liver sites, hepatogenic differentiation, immunoregulation, and paracrine mechanisms. MSCs secrete a large number of molecules into the extracellular space, and soluble proteins, free nucleic acids, lipids, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) effectively repair tissue injury in response to fluctuations in physiological states or pathological conditions. Cell-free-based therapies avoid the potential tumorigenicity, rejection of cells, emboli formation, undesired differentiation, and infection transmission of MSC transplantation. In this review, we focus on the potential mechanisms of MSC-based cell-free strategies for attenuating liver injury in various liver diseases. Secretome-mediated paracrine effects participate in the regulation of the hepatic immune microenvironment and promotion of hepatic epithelial repair. We look forward to completely reversing liver injury through an MSC-based cell-free strategy in regenerative medicine in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases,
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingjian Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases,
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongling Bao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases,
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases,
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Ma H, Liu M, Li Y, Wang W, Yang K, Lu L, He M, Deng T, Li M, Wu D. Intrauterine transplantation of autologous menstrual blood stem cells increases endometrial thickness and pregnancy potential in patients with refractory intrauterine adhesion. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:2347-2355. [PMID: 32856391 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to evaluate the effects of intrauterine transplantation of menstrual blood stem cells (MenSCs) on endometrial thickness and pregnancy outcomes in patients with refractory intrauterine adhesion (IUA). METHODS This study included a group of infertile women (n = 12, age 22-40 years), with refractory IUA. Autologous MenSCs isolated from the women's menstrual blood were expanded in vitro and transplanted into their uteruses, followed by hormone replacement therapy. Transvaginal ultrasound examination was performed to assess the endometrial thickness. Transabdominal ultrasound was conducted to detect pregnancy outcome. RESULTS Autologous MenSCs were successfully isolated and expanded from menstrual blood and transplanted into the uterus of each patient. A significant improvement of the endometrial thickness was observed from 3.9 ± 0.9 to 7.5 ± 0.6 mm (P < 0.001). No adverse reaction was observed. The duration of menstruation was increased from 2.4 ± 0.7 to 5.3 ± 0.6 days (P < 0.001). Five out of 12 patients achieved clinical pregnancy and the pregnancy rate was 41.7%. CONCLUSIONS Intrauterine transplantation of autologous MenSCs results in regeneration of endometrium, a prolongation of menstrual duration and an increase rate of pregnancy in patients with refractory IUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan Ma
- Reproductive Center, Guiping People's Hospital, Guiping, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- R&D Center, Wuhan Hamilton Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Reproductive Center, Guiping People's Hospital, Guiping, China
| | - Keqin Yang
- Reproductive Center, Guiping People's Hospital, Guiping, China
| | - Lanying Lu
- Reproductive Center, Guiping People's Hospital, Guiping, China
| | - Mei He
- Reproductive Center, Guiping People's Hospital, Guiping, China
| | - Taoran Deng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meiling Li
- Reproductive Center, Guiping People's Hospital, Guiping, China
| | - Dongcheng Wu
- R&D Center, Wuhan Hamilton Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wuhan University of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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70
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Clinical study using mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19. Front Med 2020; 14:664-673. [PMID: 32761491 PMCID: PMC7406954 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 was identified in December 2019. The symptoms include fever, cough, dyspnea, early symptom of sputum, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is the immediate treatment used for patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Herein, we describe two confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan to explore the role of MSC in the treatment of COVID-19. MSC transplantation increases the immune indicators (including CD4 and lymphocytes) and decreases the inflammation indicators (interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein). High-flow nasal cannula can be used as an initial support strategy for patients with ARDS. With MSC transplantation, the fraction of inspired O2 (FiO2) of the two patients gradually decreased while the oxygen saturation (SaO2) and partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) improved. Additionally, the patients’ chest computed tomography showed that bilateral lung exudate lesions were adsorbed after MSC infusion. Results indicated that MSC transplantation provides clinical data on the treatment of COVID-19 and may serve as an alternative method for treating COVID-19, particularly in patients with ARDS.
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Mançanares ACF, Cabezas J, Manríquez J, de Oliveira VC, Wong Alvaro YS, Rojas D, Navarrete Aguirre F, Rodriguez-Alvarez L, Castro FO. Edition of Prostaglandin E2 Receptors EP2 and EP4 by CRISPR/Cas9 Technology in Equine Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1078. [PMID: 32585798 PMCID: PMC7341266 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), it has been reported that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) stimulation of EP2 and EP4 receptors triggers processes such as migration, self-renewal, survival, and proliferation, and their activation is involved in homing. The aim of this work was to establish a genetically modified adipose (aMSC) model in which receptor genes EP2 and EP4 were edited separately using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. After edition, the genes were evaluated as to if the expression of MSC surface markers was affected, as well as the migration capacity in vitro of the generated cells. Adipose MSCs were obtained from Chilean breed horses and cultured in DMEM High Glucose with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). sgRNA were cloned into a linearized LentiCRISPRv2GFP vector and transfected into HEK293FT cells for producing viral particles that were used to transduce aMSCs. GFP-expressing cells were separated by sorting to obtain individual clones. Genomic DNA was amplified, and the site-directed mutation frequency was assessed by T7E1, followed by Sanger sequencing. We selected 11 clones of EP2 and 10 clones of EP4, and by Sanger sequencing we confirmed 1 clone knock-out to aMSC/EP2 and one heterozygous mutant clone of aMSC/EP4. Both edited cells had decreased expression of EP2 and EP4 receptors when compared to the wild type, and the edition of EP2 and EP4 did not affect the expression of MSC surface markers, showing the same pattern in filling the scratch. We can conclude that the edition of these receptors in aMSCs does not affect their surface marker phenotype and migration ability when compared to wild-type cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Furlanetto Mançanares
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Chillán 3780000, Chile; (J.C.); (J.M.); (Y.S.W.A.); (F.N.A.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Joel Cabezas
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Chillán 3780000, Chile; (J.C.); (J.M.); (Y.S.W.A.); (F.N.A.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - José Manríquez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Chillán 3780000, Chile; (J.C.); (J.M.); (Y.S.W.A.); (F.N.A.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Vanessa Cristina de Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo 13630-000, Brazil;
| | - Yat Sen Wong Alvaro
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Chillán 3780000, Chile; (J.C.); (J.M.); (Y.S.W.A.); (F.N.A.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Daniela Rojas
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Chillán 3780000, Chile;
| | - Felipe Navarrete Aguirre
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Chillán 3780000, Chile; (J.C.); (J.M.); (Y.S.W.A.); (F.N.A.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Lleretny Rodriguez-Alvarez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Chillán 3780000, Chile; (J.C.); (J.M.); (Y.S.W.A.); (F.N.A.); (L.R.-A.)
| | - Fidel Ovidio Castro
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Chillán 3780000, Chile; (J.C.); (J.M.); (Y.S.W.A.); (F.N.A.); (L.R.-A.)
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