51
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Park YJ, Lee SK, Jung YS, Lee M, Lee HY, Kim SD, Park JS, Koo J, Hwang JS, Bae YS. Promotion of formyl peptide receptor 1-mediated neutrophil chemotactic migration by antimicrobial peptides isolated from the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. BMB Rep 2017; 49:520-5. [PMID: 27502013 PMCID: PMC5227146 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.9.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of two antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) isolated from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans on neutrophil activity. Stimulation of mouse neutrophils with the two AMPs elicited chemotactic migration of the cells in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. The two AMPs also stimulated activation of ERK and Akt, which contribute to chemotactic migration of neutrophils. We found that AMP-stimulated neutrophil chemotaxis was blocked by a formyl peptide receptor (FPR) 1 antagonist (cyclosporin H); moreover the two AMPs stimulated the chemotactic migration of FPR1-expressing RBL-2H3 cells but not of vector-expressing RBL-2H3 cells. We also found that the two AMPs stimulate neutrophil migration in vivo, and that this effect is blocked in FPR1-deficient mice. Taken together, our results suggest that the two AMPs stimulate neutrophils, leading to chemotactic migration through FPR1, and the two AMPs will be useful for the study of FPR1 signaling and neutrophil activation. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(9): 520-525]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sung Kyun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Young Su Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Mingyu Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Ha Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sang Doo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Joon Seong Park
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - JaeHyung Koo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Jae Sam Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
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52
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Beckhauser TF, Francis-Oliveira J, De Pasquale R. Reactive Oxygen Species: Physiological and Physiopathological Effects on Synaptic Plasticity. J Exp Neurosci 2016; 10:23-48. [PMID: 27625575 PMCID: PMC5012454 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s39887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian central nervous system, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is counterbalanced by antioxidant defenses. When large amounts of ROS accumulate, antioxidant mechanisms become overwhelmed and oxidative cellular stress may occur. Therefore, ROS are typically characterized as toxic molecules, oxidizing membrane lipids, changing the conformation of proteins, damaging nucleic acids, and causing deficits in synaptic plasticity. High ROS concentrations are associated with a decline in cognitive functions, as observed in some neurodegenerative disorders and age-dependent decay of neuroplasticity. Nevertheless, controlled ROS production provides the optimal redox state for the activation of transductional pathways involved in synaptic changes. Since ROS may regulate neuronal activity and elicit negative effects at the same time, the distinction between beneficial and deleterious consequences is unclear. In this regard, this review assesses current research and describes the main sources of ROS in neurons, specifying their involvement in synaptic plasticity and distinguishing between physiological and pathological processes implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Fernando Beckhauser
- Physiology and Biophysics Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Sao Paulo University (USP), Butanta, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Francis-Oliveira
- Physiology and Biophysics Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Sao Paulo University (USP), Butanta, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto De Pasquale
- Physiology and Biophysics Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Sao Paulo University (USP), Butanta, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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53
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Nicotinic receptor involvement in regulation of functions of mouse neutrophils from inflammatory site. Immunobiology 2016; 221:761-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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54
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Kazumura K, Yoshida LS, Hara A, Tsuchiya H, Morishita N, Kawagishi H, Kakegawa T, Yuda Y, Takano-Ohmuro H. Inhibition of neutrophil superoxide generation by shikonin is associated with suppression of cellular Ca(2+) fluxes. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 59:1-9. [PMID: 27499572 PMCID: PMC4933695 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.16-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Shikonin, an anti-inflammatory compound of “Shikon”, inhibits the neutrophil superoxide (O2•−) generation by NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2); however, the mechanisms of how shikonin affects Nox2 activity remained unclear. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between the inhibition of Nox2 activity and influences on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) by shikonin. For this purpose, we used a simultaneous monitoring system for detecting changes in [Ca2+]i (by fluorescence) and O2•− generation (by chemiluminescence) and evaluated the effects of shikonin on neutrophil-like HL-60 cells stimulated with N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine (fMLP). Since fMLP activates Nox2 by elevation in [Ca2+]i via fluxes such as inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release (IICR) and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), we also evaluated the effects of shikonin on IICR and SOCE. Shikonin dose-dependently inhibited the fMLP-induced elevation in [Ca2+]i and O2•− generation (IC50 values of 1.45 and 1.12 µM, respectively) in a synchronized manner. Analyses of specific Ca2+ fluxes showed that shikonin inhibits IICR and IICR-linked O2•− generation (IC50 values: 0.28 and 0.31 µM for [Ca2+]i and O2•−, respectively), as well as SOCE and SOCE-linked O2•− generation (IC50 values: 0.39 and 0.25 µM for [Ca2+]i and O2•−, respectively). These results suggested that shikonin inhibits the O2•− generation by Nox2 in fMLP-stimulated neutrophils by targeting Ca2+ fluxes such as IICR and SOCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Kazumura
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu 434-8601, Japan
| | - Lucia Satiko Yoshida
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Akiko Hara
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu 434-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuchiya
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu 434-8601, Japan
| | - Naokazu Morishita
- Electron Tube Division, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 314-5 Shimokanzo, Iwata 438-0193, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kawagishi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Tomohito Kakegawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane 283-8555, Japan
| | - Yasukatsu Yuda
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Hiromi Takano-Ohmuro
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo 202-8585, Japan
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55
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Wang JL, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Yeh JH, Kuo CC, Lee CY, Shieh P, Kuo DH, Chen FA, Jan CR. Effect of 2,5-dimethylphenol on Ca(2+) movement and viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:327-33. [PMID: 27310574 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2016.1158893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The phenolic compound 2,5-dimethylphenol is a natural product. 2,5-Dimethylphenol has been shown to affect rat hepatic and pulmonary microsomal metabolism. However, the effect of 2,5-dimethylphenol on Ca(2+ )signaling and cyotoxicity has never been explored in any culture cells. This study explored the effect of 2,5-dimethylphenol on cytosolic free Ca(2+ )levels ([Ca(2+)]i) and cell viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. 2,5-Dimethylphenol at concentrations between 500 μM and 1000 μM evoked [Ca(2+)]i rises in a concentration-dependent manner. This Ca(2+ )signal was inhibited by approximately half by the removal of extracellular Ca(2+). 2,5-Dimethylphenol-induced Ca(2+ )influx was confirmed by Mn(2+)-induced quench of fura-2 fluorescence. Pretreatment with the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X, nifedipine or the store-operated Ca(2+ )entry inhibitors (econazole or SKF96365) inhibited 2,5-dimethylphenol-induced Ca(2+ )signal in Ca(2+)-containing medium by ∼30%. Treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+ )pump inhibitor thapsigargin in Ca(2+)-free medium abolished 2,5-dimethylphenol-induced [Ca(2+)]i rises. Conversely, treatment with 2,5-dimethylphenol abolished thapsigargin-induced [Ca(2+)]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 reduced 2,5-dimethylphenol-evoked [Ca(2+)]i rises by ∼80%. 2,5-Dimethylphenol killed cells at concentrations of 350-1000 μM in a concentration-dependent fashion. Chelation of cytosolic Ca(2+ )with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid/AM (BAPTA/AM) did not prevent 2,5-dimethylphenol's cytotoxicity. Together, in PC3 cells, 2,5-dimethylphenol induced [Ca(2+)]i rises that involved Ca(2+ )entry through PKC-regulated store-operated Ca(2+ )channels and PLC-dependent Ca(2+ )release from the endoplasmic reticulum. 2,5-Dimethylphenol induced cytotoxicity in a Ca(2+)-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue-Long Wang
- a Department of Rehabilitation , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch , Tainan , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- b Department of Nursing , Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung Institute of Technology , Chia-Yi, Taiwan , ROC .,c Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung Institute of Technology , Chia-Yi, Taiwan , ROC
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- d Department of Medical Education and Research , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Jeng-Hsien Yeh
- e Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- f Department of Nursing , Tzu Hui Institute of Technology , Pingtung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Chao-Ying Lee
- g School of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- h Department of Pharmacy , Tajen University , Pingtung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- h Department of Pharmacy , Tajen University , Pingtung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Fu-An Chen
- h Department of Pharmacy , Tajen University , Pingtung , Taiwan , ROC
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- d Department of Medical Education and Research , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan , ROC
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56
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Park YJ, Lee HY, Jung YS, Park JS, Hwang JS, Bae YS. Antimicrobial peptide scolopendrasin VII, derived from the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans, stimulates macrophage chemotaxis via formyl peptide receptor 1. BMB Rep 2016; 48:479-84. [PMID: 26129676 PMCID: PMC4576957 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.8.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report that one of the antimicrobial peptides scolopendrasin VII, derived from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans, stimulates actin polymerization and the subsequent chemotactic migration of macrophages through the activation of ERK and protein kinase B (Akt) activity. The scolopendrasin VII-induced chemotactic migration of macrophages is inhibited by the formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) antagonist cyclosporine H. We also found that scolopendrasin VII stimulate the chemotactic migration of FPR1-transfected RBL-2H3 cells, but not that of vector-transfected cells; moreover, scolopendrasin VII directly binds to FPR1. Our findings therefore suggest that the antimicrobial peptide scolopendrasin VII, derived from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans, stimulates macrophages, resulting in chemotactic migration via FPR1 signaling, and the peptide can be useful in the study of FPR1-related biological responses. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(8): 479-484]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ha Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419; Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea
| | - Young Su Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Joon Seong Park
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Jae Sam Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419; Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, Dong-A University, Busan 49201; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
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57
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Wang JL, Chou CT, Liu K, Liang WZ, Cheng JS, Chang HT, Chen IS, Lu T, Kuo CC, Yu CC, Shieh P, Kuo DH, Chen FA, Jan CR. Ca 2+ Signaling and Cell Death Induced by Protriptyline in HepG2 Human Hepatoma Cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:539-547. [PMID: 27252039 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effect of protriptyline on Ca2+ physiology in human hepatoma is unclear. This study explored the effect of protriptyline on [Ca2+ ]i and cytotoxicity in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Protriptyline (50-150 μM) evoked [Ca2+ ]i rises. The Ca2+ entry was inhibited by removal of Ca2+ . Protriptyline-induced Ca2+ entry was confirmed by Mn2+ -induced quench of fura-2 fluorescence. Except nifedipine, econazole, SKF96365, GF109203X, and phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate did not inhibit Ca2+ entry. Treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) inhibited 40% of protriptyline-induced response. Treatment with protriptyline abolished BHQ-induced response. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) suppressed protriptyline-evoked response by 70%. At 20-40 μM, protriptyline killed cells which was not reversed by the Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM). Together, in HepG2 cells, protriptyline induced [Ca2+ ]i rises that involved Ca2+ entry through nifedipine-sensitive Ca2+ channels and PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum. Protriptyline induced Ca2+ -independent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital Tainan Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shiung Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Tai Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Shu Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ti Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Yu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-An Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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58
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Gibhardt CS, Zimmermann KM, Zhang X, Belousov VV, Bogeski I. Imaging calcium and redox signals using genetically encoded fluorescent indicators. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:55-64. [PMID: 27142890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcium and redox signals are presently established as essential regulators of many cellular processes. Nevertheless, we are still far from fully understanding the physiological and pathological importance of these universal second messengers. It is becoming increasingly apparent that many cellular functions are not regulated by global changes in the abundance of Ca(2+) ions and/or reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), but by the formation of transient local micro-domains or by signaling limited to a particular cellular compartment. Therefore, it is essential to identify and quantify Ca(2+) and redox signals in single cells with a high spatial and temporal resolution. The best tools for this purpose are the genetically encoded fluorescent indicators (GEFI). These protein sensors can be targeted into different cellular compartments, feature different colors, can be used to establish transgenic animal models, and are relatively inert to the cellular environment. Based on the chemical properties of Ca(2+) and ROS/RNS, currently more sensors exist for the detection of Ca(2+)- than for redox signals. Here, we shortly describe the most popular genetically encoded fluorescent Ca(2+) and redox indicators, discuss advantages and disadvantages based on our experience, show examples of different applications, and thus provide a brief guide that will help scientists choose the right combination of Ca(2+) and redox sensors to answer specific scientific questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine S Gibhardt
- Department of Biophysics, CIPMM, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Katharina M Zimmermann
- Department of Biophysics, CIPMM, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, CIPMM, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Ivan Bogeski
- Department of Biophysics, CIPMM, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
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59
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Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (Infliximab) Attenuates Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, and Calcium Ion Entry Through Modulation of Cation Channels in Neutrophils of Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. J Membr Biol 2016; 249:437-47. [PMID: 26956056 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-016-9884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is known to be associated with increased neutrophil activation and oxidative stress, however, the mechanism of neutrophil activation is still unclear. We have hypothesized that the antioxidant and anti-tumor necrosis factor properties of infliximab may affect intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in the neutrophils of AS patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of infliximab on calcium signaling, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in neutrophils of AS patients. Neutrophils collected from ten patients with AS and ten healthy controls were used in the study. In a cell viability test, the ideal non-toxic dose and incubation time of infliximab were found as 100 μM and 1 h, respectively. In some experiments, the neutrophils were incubated with the voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) blockers verapamil + diltiazem (V + D) and the TRPM2 channel blocker 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB). Intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, caspase 3, and caspase 9 values were high in neutrophils of AS patients and were reduced with infliximab treatment. Reduced glutathione level and glutathione peroxidase activity were low in the patients and increased with infliximab treatment. The intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations were low in 2-APB and V + D groups. In conclusion, the current study suggests that infliximab is useful against apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress in neutrophils of patients with AS, which seem to be dependent on increased levels of intracellular Ca(2+) through activation of TRPM2 and VGCC.
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60
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Saul S, Gibhardt CS, Schmidt B, Lis A, Pasieka B, Conrad D, Jung P, Gaupp R, Wonnenberg B, Diler E, Stanisz H, Vogt T, Schwarz EC, Bischoff M, Herrmann M, Tschernig T, Kappl R, Rieger H, Niemeyer BA, Bogeski I. A calcium-redox feedback loop controls human monocyte immune responses: The role of ORAI Ca2+ channels. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra26. [PMID: 26956485 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaf1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In phagocytes, pathogen recognition is followed by Ca(2+) mobilization and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-mediated "oxidative burst," which involves the rapid production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We showed that ORAI Ca(2+) channels control store-operated Ca(2+) entry, ROS production, and bacterial killing in primary human monocytes. ROS inactivate ORAI channels that lack an ORAI3 subunit. Staphylococcal infection of mice reduced the expression of the gene encoding the redox-sensitive Orai1 and increased the expression of the gene encoding the redox-insensitive Orai3 in the lungs or in bronchoalveolar lavages. A similar switch from ORAI1 to ORAI3 occurred in primary human monocytes exposed to bacterial peptides in culture. These alterations in ORAI1 and ORAI3 abundance shifted the channel assembly toward a more redox-insensitive configuration. Accordingly, silencing ORAI3 increased the redox sensitivity of the channel and enhanced oxidation-induced inhibition of NOX2. We generated a mathematical model that predicted additional features of the Ca(2+)-redox interplay. Our results identified the ORAI-NOX2 feedback loop as a determinant of monocyte immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Saul
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPPM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Christine S Gibhardt
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPPM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmidt
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPPM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany. Department of Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany. Molecular Biophysics, CIPMM, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Annette Lis
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPPM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Bastian Pasieka
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPPM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - David Conrad
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPPM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Philipp Jung
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Rosmarie Gaupp
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Bodo Wonnenberg
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Ebru Diler
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Hedwig Stanisz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Eva C Schwarz
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPPM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Mathias Herrmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kappl
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPPM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Heiko Rieger
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Barbara A Niemeyer
- Molecular Biophysics, CIPMM, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPPM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany.
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61
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RamaKrishnan AM, Sankaranarayanan K. Understanding autoimmunity: The ion channel perspective. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:585-620. [PMID: 26854401 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are integral membrane proteins that orchestrate the passage of ions across the cell membrane and thus regulate various key physiological processes of the living system. The stringently regulated expression and function of these channels hold a pivotal role in the development and execution of various cellular functions. Malfunction of these channels results in debilitating diseases collectively termed channelopathies. In this review, we highlight the role of these proteins in the immune system with special emphasis on the development of autoimmunity. The role of ion channels in various autoimmune diseases is also listed out. This comprehensive review summarizes the ion channels that could be used as molecular targets in the development of new therapeutics against autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kavitha Sankaranarayanan
- AU-KBC Research Centre, Madras Institute of Technology, Anna University, Chrompet, Chennai 600 044, India.
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Demaurex N, Nunes P. The role of STIM and ORAI proteins in phagocytic immune cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 310:C496-508. [PMID: 26764049 PMCID: PMC4824159 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00360.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, migrate to sites of infection or damage and are integral to innate immunity through two main mechanisms. The first is to directly neutralize foreign agents and damaged or infected cells by secreting toxic substances or ingesting them through phagocytosis. The second is to alert the adaptive immune system through the secretion of cytokines and the presentation of the ingested materials as antigens, inducing T cell maturation into helper, cytotoxic, or regulatory phenotypes. While calcium signaling has been implicated in numerous phagocyte functions, including differentiation, maturation, migration, secretion, and phagocytosis, the molecular components that mediate these Ca(2+) signals have been elusive. The discovery of the STIM and ORAI proteins has allowed researchers to begin clarifying the mechanisms and physiological impact of store-operated Ca(2+) entry, the major pathway for generating calcium signals in innate immune cells. Here, we review evidence from cell lines and mouse models linking STIM and ORAI proteins to the control of specific innate immune functions of neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Demaurex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paula Nunes
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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63
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Update on the Mechanisms of Pulmonary Inflammation and Oxidative Imbalance Induced by Exercise. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4868536. [PMID: 26881028 PMCID: PMC4736402 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4868536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in the generation of oxidative damage and lung inflammation induced by physical exercise are described. Changes in lung function induced by exercise involve cooling of the airways, fluid evaporation of the epithelial surface, increased contact with polluting substances, and activation of the local and systemic inflammatory response. The present work includes evidence obtained from the different types of exercise in terms of duration and intensity, the effect of both acute performance and chronic performance, and the influence of special conditions such as cold weather, high altitude, and polluted environments. Levels of prooxidants, antioxidants, oxidative damage to biomolecules, and cellularity, as well as levels of soluble mediators of the inflammatory response and its effects on tissues, are described in samples of lung origin. These samples include tissue homogenates, induced sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, biopsies, and exhaled breath condensate obtained in experimental protocols conducted on animal and human models. Finally, the need to simultaneously explore the oxidative/inflammatory parameters to establish the interrelation between them is highlighted.
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Henríquez C, Riquelme TT, Vera D, Julio-Kalajzić F, Ehrenfeld P, Melvin JE, Figueroa CD, Sarmiento J, Flores CA. The calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1 plays a central role in the chemotactic response of mammalian neutrophils. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 216:132-45. [PMID: 26138196 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Neutrophils are the first cells to arrive at sites of injury. Nevertheless, many inflammatory diseases are characterized by an uncontrolled infiltration and action of these cells. Cell migration depends on volume changes that are governed by ion channel activity, but potassium channels in neutrophil have not been clearly identified. We aim to test whether KCa3.1 participates in neutrophil migration and other relevant functions of the cell. METHODS Cytometer and confocal measurements to determine changes in cell volume were used. Cells isolated from human, mouse and horse were tested for KCa3.1-dependent chemotaxis. Chemokinetics, calcium handling and release of reactive oxygen species were measured to determine the role of KCa3.1 in those processes. A mouse model was used to test for neutrophil recruitment after acute lung injury in vivo. RESULTS We show for the first time that KCa3.1 is expressed in mammalian neutrophils. When the channel is inhibited by a pharmacological blocker or by genetic silencing, it profoundly affects cell volume regulation, and chemotactic and chemokinetic properties of the cells. We also demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of KCa3.1 did not affect calcium entry or reactive oxygen species production in neutrophils. Using a mouse model of acute lung injury, we observed that Kca3.1(-/-) mice are significantly less effective at recruiting neutrophils into the site of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that KCa3.1 channels are key actors in the migration capacity of neutrophils, and its inhibition did not affect other relevant cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Henríquez
- Instituto de Farmacología; Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | | | - D. Vera
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs); Valdivia Chile
| | - F. Julio-Kalajzić
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs); Valdivia Chile
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Valparaíso Chile
| | - P. Ehrenfeld
- Institutos de Anatomía; Histología y Patología; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - J. E. Melvin
- Secretory Mechanisms and Dysfunction Section; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - C. D. Figueroa
- Institutos de Anatomía; Histología y Patología; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - J. Sarmiento
- Instituto de Fisiología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - C. A. Flores
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs); Valdivia Chile
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Anti-inflammatory effects of Perilla frutescens in activated human neutrophils through two independent pathways: Src family kinases and Calcium. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18204. [PMID: 26659126 PMCID: PMC4677386 DOI: 10.1038/srep18204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaves of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. have been traditionally used as an herbal medicine in East Asian countries to treat a variety diseases. In this present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of P. frutescens extract (PFE) on N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF)-stimulated human neutrophils and the underlying mechanisms. PFE (1, 3, and 10 μg/ml) inhibited superoxide anion production, elastase release, reactive oxygen species formation, CD11b expression, and cell migration in fMLF-activated human neutrophils in dose-dependent manners. PFE inhibited fMLF-induced phosphorylation of the Src family kinases (SFKs), Src (Tyr416) and Lyn (Tyr396), and reduced their enzymatic activities. Both PFE and PP2 (a selective inhibitor of SFKs) reduced the phosphorylation of Burton’s tyrosine kinases (Tyr223) and Vav (Tyr174) in fMLF-activated human neutrophils. Additionally, PFE decreased intracellular Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i), whereas PP2 prolonged the time required for [Ca2+]i to return to its basal level. Our findings indicated that PFE effectively regulated the inflammatory activities of fMLF-activated human neutrophils. The anti-inflammatory effects of PFE on activated human neutrophils were mediated through two independent signaling pathways involving SFKs (Src and Lyn) and mobilization of intracellular Ca2+.
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Tsai YF, Yu HP, Chung PJ, Leu YL, Kuo LM, Chen CY, Hwang TL. Osthol attenuates neutrophilic oxidative stress and hemorrhagic shock-induced lung injury via inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:387-400. [PMID: 26432981 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by neutrophils is an important pathogenic factor in trauma/hemorrhagic (T/H)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Osthol, a natural coumarin found in traditional medicinal plants, has therapeutic potential in various diseases. However, the pharmacological effects of osthol in human neutrophils and its molecular mechanism of action remain elusive. In this study, our data showed that osthol potently inhibited the production of superoxide anion (O2(•-)) and reactive oxidants derived therefrom as well as expression of CD11b in N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP)-activated human neutrophils. However, osthol inhibited neutrophil degranulation only slightly and it failed to inhibit the activity of subcellular NADPH oxidase. FMLP-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (Akt) was inhibited by osthol. Notably, osthol increased the cAMP concentration and protein kinase A (PKA) activity in activated neutrophils. PKA inhibitors reversed the inhibitory effects of osthol, suggesting that these are mediated through cAMP/PKA-dependent inhibition of ERK and Akt activation. Furthermore, the activity of cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4, but not PDE3 or PDE7, was significantly reduced by osthol. In addition, osthol reduced myeloperoxidase activity and pulmonary edema in rats subjected to T/H shock. In conclusion, our data suggest that osthol has effective anti-inflammatory activity in human neutrophils through the suppression of PDE4 and protects significantly against T/H shock-induced ALI in rats. Osthol may have potential for future clinical application as a novel adjunct therapy to treat lung inflammation caused by adverse circulatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Fong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Chung
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Lii Leu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Mou Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; Department of Cosmetic Science and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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Penna A, Stutzin A. KCa3.1-Dependent Hyperpolarization Enhances Intracellular Ca2+ Signaling Induced by fMLF in Differentiated U937 Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139243. [PMID: 26418693 PMCID: PMC4587941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Formylated peptides are chemotactic agents generated by pathogens. The most relevant peptide is fMLF (formyl-Met-Leu-Phe) which participates in several immune functions, such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis, cytokine release and generation of reactive oxygen species. In macrophages fMLF-dependent responses are dependent on both, an increase in intracellular calcium concentration and on a hyperpolarization of the membrane potential. However, the molecular entity underlying this hyperpolarization remains unknown and it is not clear whether changes in membrane potential are linked to the increase in intracellular Ca2+. In this study, differentiated U937 cells, as a macrophage-like cell model, was used to characterize the fMLF response using electrophysiological and Ca2+ imaging techniques. We demonstrate by means of pharmacological and molecular biology tools that fMLF induces a Ca2+-dependent hyperpolarization via activation of the K+ channel KCa3.1 and thus, enhancing fMLF-induced intracellular Ca2+ increase through an amplification of the driving force for Ca2+ entry. Consequently, enhanced Ca2+ influx would in turn lengthen the hyperpolarization, operating as a positive feedback mechanism for fMLF-induced Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Penna
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 838–0453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Stutzin
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 838–0453, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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Görlach A, Bertram K, Hudecova S, Krizanova O. Calcium and ROS: A mutual interplay. Redox Biol 2015; 6:260-271. [PMID: 26296072 PMCID: PMC4556774 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 929] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is an important second messenger involved in intra- and extracellular signaling cascades and plays an essential role in cell life and death decisions. The Ca2+ signaling network works in many different ways to regulate cellular processes that function over a wide dynamic range due to the action of buffers, pumps and exchangers on the plasma membrane as well as in internal stores. Calcium signaling pathways interact with other cellular signaling systems such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although initially considered to be potentially detrimental byproducts of aerobic metabolism, it is now clear that ROS generated in sub-toxic levels by different intracellular systems act as signaling molecules involved in various cellular processes including growth and cell death. Increasing evidence suggests a mutual interplay between calcium and ROS signaling systems which seems to have important implications for fine tuning cellular signaling networks. However, dysfunction in either of the systems might affect the other system thus potentiating harmful effects which might contribute to the pathogenesis of various disorders. Calcium and ROS act as signaling molecules inside the cell and their pathways can interact. The mutual interplay of calcium and ROS is required for the fine tuning of signaling. Failure in the interplay results in dysfunction and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Görlach
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Katharina Bertram
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - Sona Hudecova
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Olga Krizanova
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Chen XH, Zhou X, Yang XY, Zhou ZB, Lu DH, Tang Y, Ling ZM, Zhou LH, Feng X. Propofol Protects Against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Injury in Differentiated PC12 Cells via Inhibition of Ca(2+)-Dependent NADPH Oxidase. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:541-51. [PMID: 26162968 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is a widely used general anesthetic with anti-oxidant activities. This study aims to investigate protective capacity of propofol against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative injury in neural cells and whether the anti-oxidative effects of propofol occur through a mechanism involving the modulation of NADPH oxidase (NOX) in a manner of calcium-dependent. The rat differentiated PC12 cell was subjected to H2O2 exposure for 24 h to mimic a neuronal in vitro model of oxidative injury. Our data demonstrated that pretreatment of PC12 cells with propofol significantly reversed the H2O2-induced decrease in cell viability, prevented H2O2-induced morphological changes, and reduced the ratio of apoptotic cells. We further found that propofol attenuated the accumulation of malondialdehyde (biomarker of oxidative stress), counteracted the overexpression of NOX core subunit gp91(phox) (NOX2) as well as the NOX activity following H2O2 exposure in PC12 cells. In addition, blocking of L-type Ca(2+) channels with nimodipine reduced H2O2-induced overexpression of NOX2 and caspase-3 activation in PC12 cells. Moreover, NOX inhibitor apocynin alone or plus propofol neither induces a significant downregulation of NOX activity nor increases cell viability compared with propofol alone in the PC12 cells exposed to H2O2. These results demonstrate that the protective effects of propofol against oxidative injury in PC12 cells are mediated, at least in part, through inhibition of Ca(2+)-dependent NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Bin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Di-Han Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Min Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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Okochi Y, Aratani Y, Adissu HA, Miyawaki N, Sasaki M, Suzuki K, Okamura Y. The voltage-gated proton channel Hv1/VSOP inhibits neutrophil granule release. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:7-19. [PMID: 25990245 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3hi0814-393r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil granule exocytosis is crucial for host defense and inflammation. Neutrophils contain 4 types of granules, the exocytotic release of which is differentially regulated. This exocytosis is known to be driven by diverse mediators, including calcium and nucleotides, but the precise molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. We show in the present study that voltage-gated proton (Hv) channels are necessary for the proper release of azurophilic granules in neutrophils. On activation of NADPH oxidase by PMA and IgG, neutrophils derived from Hvcn1 gene knockout mouse exhibited greater secretion of MPO and elastase than WT cells. In contrast, release of LTF enriched in specific granules was not enhanced in these cells. The excess release of azurophilic granules in Hv1/VSOP-deficient neutrophils was suppressed by inhibiting NADPH oxidase activity and, in part, by valinomycin, a potassium ionophore. In addition, Hv1/VSOP-deficient mice exhibited more severe lung inflammation after intranasal Candida albicans infection than WT mice. These findings suggest that the Hv channel acts to specifically dampen the release of azurophilic granules through, in part, the suppression of increased positive charges at the plasma membrane accompanied by the activation of NADPH oxidase in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Okochi
- *Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan; Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Canada; Department of Bioactive Molecules and Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; and Inflammation Program, Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Aratani
- *Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan; Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Canada; Department of Bioactive Molecules and Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; and Inflammation Program, Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hibret A Adissu
- *Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan; Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Canada; Department of Bioactive Molecules and Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; and Inflammation Program, Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nana Miyawaki
- *Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan; Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Canada; Department of Bioactive Molecules and Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; and Inflammation Program, Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Sasaki
- *Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan; Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Canada; Department of Bioactive Molecules and Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; and Inflammation Program, Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Suzuki
- *Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan; Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Canada; Department of Bioactive Molecules and Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; and Inflammation Program, Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okamura
- *Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan; Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Ontario, Canada; Department of Bioactive Molecules and Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; and Inflammation Program, Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Johnston H, Brown DM, Kanase N, Euston M, Gaiser BK, Robb CT, Dyrynda E, Rossi AG, Brown ER, Stone V. Mechanism of neutrophil activation and toxicity elicited by engineered nanomaterials. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1172-84. [PMID: 25962642 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nanomaterials (NMs) on biological systems, especially their ability to stimulate inflammatory responses requires urgent investigation. We evaluated the response of the human differentiated HL60 neutrophil-like cell line to NMs. It was hypothesised that NM physico-chemical characteristics would influence cell responsiveness by altering intracellular Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i and reactive oxygen species production. Cells were exposed (1.95-125 μg/ml, 24 h) to silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or ultrafine carbon black (ufCB) and cytotoxicity assessed (alamar blue assay). Relatively low (TiO2, MWCNTs, ufCB) or high (Ag, ZnO) cytotoxicity NMs were identified. Sub-lethal impacts of NMs on cell function were investigated for selected NMs only, namely TiO2, Ag and ufCB. Only Ag stimulated cell activation. Within minutes, Ag stimulated an increase in [Ca2+]i (in Fura-2 loaded cells), and a prominent inward ion current (assessed by electrophysiology). Within 2-4 h, Ag increased superoxide anion release and stimulated cytokine production (MCP-1, IL-8) that was diminished by Ca2+ inhibitors or trolox. Light microscopy demonstrated that cells had an activated phenotype. In conclusion NM toxicity was ranked; Ag>ufCB>TiO2, and the battery of tests used provided insight into the mechanism of action of NM toxicity to guide future testing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helinor Johnston
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.
| | - David M Brown
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Nilesh Kanase
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Euston
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Birgit K Gaiser
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Calum T Robb
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Dyrynda
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Euan R Brown
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Vicki Stone
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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Cationic liposomes evoke proinflammatory mediator release and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) toward human neutrophils. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 128:119-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Chen Y, Palczewski K. Systems Pharmacology Links GPCRs with Retinal Degenerative Disorders. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 56:273-98. [PMID: 25839098 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010715-103033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In most biological systems, second messengers and their key regulatory and effector proteins form links between multiple cellular signaling pathways. Such signaling nodes can integrate the deleterious effects of genetic aberrations, environmental stressors, or both in complex diseases, leading to cell death by various mechanisms. Here we present a systems (network) pharmacology approach that, together with transcriptomics analyses, was used to identify different G protein-coupled receptors that experimentally protected against cellular stress and death caused by linked signaling mechanisms. We describe the application of this concept to degenerative and diabetic retinopathies in appropriate mouse models as an example. Systems pharmacology also provides an attractive framework for devising strategies to combat complex diseases by using (repurposing) US Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Yueyang Hospital and.,Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106;
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74
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Hårdstedt M, Lindblom S, Hong J, Nilsson B, Korsgren O, Ronquist G. A novel model for studies of blood-mediated long-term responses to cellular transplants. Ups J Med Sci 2015; 120:28-39. [PMID: 25322825 PMCID: PMC4389005 DOI: 10.3109/03009734.2014.965290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Interaction between blood and bio-surfaces is important in many medical fields. With the aim of studying blood-mediated reactions to cellular transplants, we developed a whole-blood model for incubation of small volumes for up to 48 h. METHODS Heparinized polyvinyl chloride tubing was cut in suitable lengths and sealed to create small bags. Multiple bags, with fresh venous blood, were incubated attached to a rotating wheel at 37°C. Physiological variables in blood were monitored: glucose, blood gases, mono- and divalent cations and chloride ions, osmolality, coagulation (platelet consumption, thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT)), and complement activation (C3a and SC5b-9), haemolysis, and leukocyte viability. RESULTS Basic glucose consumption was high. Glucose depletion resulted in successive elevation of extracellular potassium, while sodium and calcium ions decreased due to inhibition of energy-requiring ion pumps. Addition of glucose improved ion balance but led to metabolic acidosis. To maintain a balanced physiological environment beyond 6 h, glucose and sodium hydrogen carbonate were added regularly based on analyses of glucose, pH, ions, and osmotic pressure. With these additives haemolysis was prevented for up to 72 h and leukocyte viability better preserved. Despite using non-heparinized blood, coagulation and complement activation were lower during long-term incubations compared with addition of thromboplastin and collagen. CONCLUSION A novel whole-blood model for studies of blood-mediated responses to a cellular transplant is presented allowing extended observations for up to 48 h and highlights the importance of stringent evaluations and adjustment of physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hårdstedt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Clinical Immunology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna-Uppsala University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Susanne Lindblom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Clinical Immunology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jaan Hong
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Clinical Immunology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Clinical Immunology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Clinical Immunology, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Ronquist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Tsai YF, Yu HP, Chang WY, Liu FC, Huang ZC, Hwang TL. Sirtinol inhibits neutrophil elastase activity and attenuates lipopolysaccharide-mediated acute lung injury in mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8347. [PMID: 25666548 PMCID: PMC4322352 DOI: 10.1038/srep08347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced activity of neutrophil elastase leads to a protease–antiprotease imbalance, and plays an essential pathogenic role in acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome. We assayed the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of the action of sirtinol in human neutrophils, and in neutrophil elastase (HNE)-induced paw edema and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated ALI in mice. Sirtinol significantly inhibited the activity of HNE from human neutrophils in response to various stimulators. The inhibitory effects on HNE activity were not mediated through protein kinase A, calcium, extracellular-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, Akt, or Src family kinases. Analysis of enzymatic activities showed that sirtinol inhibited HNE activity in a concentration-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that sirtinol does not affect neutrophil function and is an HNE inhibitor. In addition, administration of sirtinol significantly inhibited HNE-induced paw edema, and attenuated the myeloperoxidase activity and reduced pulmonary wet/dry weight ratio in the LPS-induced ALI mouse model. Our study indicates that sirtinol has anti-inflammatory effects through direct inhibition of HNE activity and attenuates HNE-induced and LPS-mediated tissue or organ injury in vivo. Sirtinol is a novel HNE inhibitor and may have the potential for clinical application in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Fong Tsai
- 1] Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan [2] Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan [3] Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- 1] Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan [2] Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Chang
- 1] Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan [2] Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chao Liu
- 1] Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan [2] Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Zhen-Cheng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- 1] Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan [2] Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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76
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Cheng HH, Chou CT, Sun TK, Liang WZ, Cheng JS, Chang HT, Tseng HW, Kuo CC, Chen FA, Kuo DH, Shieh P, Jan CR. Naproxen-induced Ca2+ movement and death in MDCK canine renal tubular cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34:1096-105. [PMID: 25636639 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115569810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Naproxen is an anti-inflammatory drug that affects cellular calcium ion (Ca(2+)) homeostasis and viability in different cells. This study explored the effect of naproxen on [Ca(2+)](i) and viability in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK) canine renal tubular cells. At concentrations between 50 μM and 300 μM, naproxen induced [Ca(2+)](i) rises in a concentration-dependent manner. This Ca(2+) signal was reduced partly when extracellular Ca(2+) was removed. The Ca(2+) signal was inhibited by a Ca(2+) channel blocker nifedipine but not by store-operated Ca(2+) channel inhibitors (econazole and SKF96365), a protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and a PKC inhibitor GF109203X. In Ca(2+)-free medium, pretreatment with 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone or thapsigargin, an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pumps, partly inhibited naproxen-induced Ca(2+) signal. Inhibition of phospholipase C with U73122 did not alter naproxen-evoked [Ca(2+)](i) rises. At concentrations between 15 μM and 30 μM, naproxen killed cells in a concentration-dependent manner, which was not reversed by prechelating cytosolic Ca(2+) with the acetoxymethyl ester of 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining data suggest that naproxen induced apoptosis. Together, in MDCK renal tubular cells, naproxen induced [Ca(2+)](i) rises by inducing Ca(2+) release from multiple stores that included the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca(2+) entry via nifedipine-sensitive Ca(2+) channels. Naproxen induced cell death that involved apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-H Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - C-T Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - T-K Sun
- Division of Pediatrics, St. Joseph Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - W-Z Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - J-S Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - H-T Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - H-W Tseng
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C-C Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - F-A Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - D-H Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - P Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - C-R Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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77
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The iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin: A possible therapeutic target? Pharmacol Ther 2015; 146:35-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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78
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Hwang TL, Aljuffali IA, Lin CF, Chang YT, Fang JY. Cationic additives in nanosystems activate cytotoxicity and inflammatory response of human neutrophils: lipid nanoparticles versus polymeric nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:371-85. [PMID: 25609950 PMCID: PMC4294622 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s73017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This report compares the effect of lipid and polymeric nanoparticles upon human neutrophils in the presence of cationic surfactants. Nanostructured lipid carriers and poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles were manufactured as lipid and polymeric systems, respectively. Some cytotoxic and proinflammatory mediators such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), elastase, O2•−, and intracellular Ca2+ were examined. The nanoparticles showed a size of 170–225 nm. Incorporation of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or soyaethyl morpholinium ethosulfate, the cationic surfactant, converted zeta potential from a negative to a positive charge. Nanoparticles without cationic surfactants revealed a negligible change on immune and inflammatory responses. Cationic surfactants in both nanoparticulate and free forms induced cell death and the release of mediators. Lipid nanoparticles generally demonstrated a greater response compared to polymeric nanoparticles. The neutrophil morphology observed by electron microscopy confirmed this trend. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the coating material showed more significant activation of neutrophils than soyaethyl morpholinium ethosulfate. Confocal microscope imaging displayed a limited internalization of nanoparticles into neutrophils. It is proposed that cationic nanoparticles interact with the cell membrane, triggering membrane disruption and the following Ca2+ influx. The elevation of intracellular Ca2+ induces degranulation and oxidative stress. The consequence of these effects is cytotoxicity and cell death. Caution should be taken when selecting feasible nanoparticulate formulations and cationic additives for consideration of applicability and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsong-Long Hwang
- Cell Pharmacology Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan ; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ibrahim A Aljuffali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chwan-Fwu Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan ; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ting Chang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan ; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan ; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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79
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Masia R, Krause DS, Yellen G. The inward rectifier potassium channel Kir2.1 is expressed in mouse neutrophils from bone marrow and liver. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 308:C264-76. [PMID: 25472961 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00176.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are phagocytic cells that play a critical role in innate immunity by destroying bacterial pathogens. Channels belonging to the inward rectifier potassium channel subfamily 2 (Kir2 channels) have been described in other phagocytes (monocytes/macrophages and eosinophils) and in hematopoietic precursors of phagocytes. Their physiological function in these cells remains unclear, but some evidence suggests a role in growth factor-dependent proliferation and development. Expression of functional Kir2 channels has not been definitively demonstrated in mammalian neutrophils. Here, we show by RT-PCR that neutrophils from mouse bone marrow and liver express mRNA for the Kir2 subunit Kir2.1 but not for other subunits (Kir2.2, Kir2.3, and Kir2.4). In electrophysiological experiments, resting (unstimulated) neutrophils from mouse bone marrow and liver exhibit a constitutively active, external K(+)-dependent, strong inwardly rectifying current that constitutes the dominant current. The reversal potential is dependent on the external K(+) concentration in a Nernstian fashion, as expected for a K(+)-selective current. The current is not altered by changes in external or internal pH, and it is blocked by Ba(2+), Cs(+), and the Kir2-selective inhibitor ML133. The single-channel conductance is in agreement with previously reported values for Kir2.1 channels. These properties are characteristic of homomeric Kir2.1 channels. Current density in short-term cultures of bone marrow neutrophils is decreased in the absence of growth factors that are important for neutrophil proliferation [granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and stem cell factor (SCF)]. These results demonstrate that mouse neutrophils express functional Kir2.1 channels and suggest that these channels may be important for neutrophil function, possibly in a growth factor-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricard Masia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniela S Krause
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Gary Yellen
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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80
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Yu CC, Chou CT, Sun TK, Liang WZ, Cheng JS, Chang HT, Wang JL, Tseng HW, Kuo CC, Chen FA, Kuo DH, Shieh P, Jan CR. Effect of melamine on [Ca(2+)]i and viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:800-806. [PMID: 25305741 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Melamine is thought to be an endocrine disrupter that affects physiology in cells. This study examined the effect of melamine on cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)]i) and viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Melamine evoked [Ca(2+)]i rises concentration-dependently. Melamine-evoked Ca(2+) entry was inhibited by nifedipine, econazole, SKF96365, GF109203X and phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate. In Ca(2+)-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump inhibitor thapsigargin inhibited melamine-evoked [Ca(2+)]i rise. Conversely, treatment with melamine abolished thapsigargin-evoked [Ca(2+)]i rise. Inhibition of phospholipase C with U73122 did not alter melamine-evoked [Ca(2+)]i rise. Melamine at 500-800μM decreased cell viability, which was not reversed by pretreatment with the Ca(2+) chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM). Collectively, our data suggest that in PC3 cells, melamine induced [Ca(2+)]i rises by evoking phospholipase C-independent Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum, and Ca(2+) entry via protein kinase C-regulated store-operated Ca(2+) entry. Melamine also caused Ca(2+)-independent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Cheng Yu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Te-Kung Sun
- Division of Pediatrics, St. Joseph Hospital, Kaohsiung 80288, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shiung Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Tai Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Jue-Long Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Tseng
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 92641, Taiwan
| | - Fu-An Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
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81
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Bao Y, Ledderose C, Seier T, Graf AF, Brix B, Chong E, Junger WG. Mitochondria regulate neutrophil activation by generating ATP for autocrine purinergic signaling. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26794-26803. [PMID: 25104353 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.572495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) form the first line of defense against invading microorganisms. We have shown previously that ATP release and autocrine purinergic signaling via P2Y2 receptors are essential for PMN activation. Here we show that mitochondria provide the ATP that initiates PMN activation. Stimulation of formyl peptide receptors increases the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and triggers a rapid burst of ATP release from PMNs. This burst of ATP release can be blocked by inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP production and requires an initial formyl peptide receptor-induced Ca(2+) signal that triggers mitochondrial activation. The burst of ATP release generated by the mitochondria fuels a first phase of purinergic signaling that boosts Ca(2+) signaling, amplifies mitochondrial ATP production, and initiates functional PMN responses. Cells then switch to glycolytic ATP production, which fuels a second round of purinergic signaling that sustains Ca(2+) signaling via P2X receptor-mediated Ca(2+) influx and maintains functional PMN responses such as oxidative burst, degranulation, and phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Bao
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Carola Ledderose
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Thomas Seier
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,; Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg A-5020, Austria, and
| | - Amelie F Graf
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,; Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg A-5020, Austria, and
| | - Bianca Brix
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Eritza Chong
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Wolfgang G Junger
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215,; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, Vienna A-1200, Austria.
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82
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Chen CY, Liaw CC, Chen YH, Chang WY, Chung PJ, Hwang TL. A novel immunomodulatory effect of ugonin U in human neutrophils via stimulation of phospholipase C. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 72:222-31. [PMID: 24747490 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils have a crucial role in the immune system and are the first line of defense against pathogenic invaders. Neutrophil activation is required for their defensive function and can be induced by diverse stimuli, through either binding to cell surface receptors or direct intracellular target molecule stimulation. In this study, we found that 4″a,5″,6″,7″,8″,8″a-hexahydro-5,3',4'-trihydroxy-5″,5″,8″a-trimethyl-4H-chromeno [2″,3″:7,6]flavone (ugonin U), a flavonoid isolated from Helminthostachys zeylanica (L) Hook, significantly induced superoxide production and release in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. A series of experiments was performed to dissect the mechanism of ugonin U-induced respiratory burst in human neutrophils. Our results demonstrated that ugonin U induced a slow increase in intracellular Ca(2+), which was necessary for ugonin U-stimulated superoxide release. Use of a formyl peptide receptor (FPR) blocker, G protein inhibitor, and protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor proved that FPR, G proteins, and PTKs were not associated with ugonin U-induced respiratory burst. Additionally, immunoblotting results revealed that ugonin U did not affect the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and protein tyrosine. Nevertheless, a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor and an inositol triphosphate (IP3) receptor antagonist considerably suppressed ugonin U-stimulated Ca(2+) mobilization and subsequent superoxide release. Ugonin U also induced an increase in intracellular IP3 formation, which could be blocked using a PLC inhibitor. In conclusion, our study reveals that ugonin U represents the first identified natural flavonoid compound to directly stimulate PLC. Moreover, ugonin U induces respiratory burst via the PLC/IP3/Ca(2+) pathway in human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chuang Liaw
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Chung
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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83
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Reis RAG, Bortot LO, Caliri A. In silico assessment of S100A12 monomer and dimer structural dynamics: implications for the understanding of its metal-induced conformational changes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:1113-20. [PMID: 24944024 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the concentration of different ions modulate several cellular processes, such as Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) in inflammation. Upon activation of immune system effector cells, the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration rises propagating the activation signal, leading to degranulation and generation of reactive oxygen species, which increases the Zn(2+) intracellular concentration as a consequence of the cellular antioxidant machinery. In this context, S100A12 is of special interest because it is a pro-inflammatory protein expressed in neutrophils whose structure and function are modulated by both Ca(2+) and Zn(2+). The current hypothesis about its mechanism of action was built based on biochemical and crystallographic data. However, there are missing connections between molecular structure and the way in which many events are concatenated at the triggering and along the inflammatory process. In this work we use molecular dynamics simulations to describe how variations in Zn(2+) and Ca(2+) concentrations modulate the structural dynamics of the calcium-free S100A12 dimer and monomer, which was not considered a part of the mechanism of action before. Our results suggest that (i) Zn(2+) have a determinant role in the dimerization step, as well as in the unbinding of the Na(+) complexed to the N-terminal EF-hand; (ii) the N-terminal EF-hand domain is the first to bind Ca(2+), and not the C-terminal, as usually accepted; and that (iii) Ca(2+) modulates the structural dynamics of H-III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Almeida Garcia Reis
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil,
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84
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Gupta AK, Giaglis S, Hasler P, Hahn S. Efficient neutrophil extracellular trap induction requires mobilization of both intracellular and extracellular calcium pools and is modulated by cyclosporine A. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97088. [PMID: 24819773 PMCID: PMC4018253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive or aberrant generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has recently become implicated in the underlying aetiology of a number of human pathologies including preeclampsia, systemic lupus erythromatosus, rheumatoid arthritis, auto-antibody induced small vessel vasculitis, coagulopathies such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary complications. These results imply that effective pharmacological therapeutic strategies will need to be developed to counter overt NETosis in these and other inflammatory disorders. As calcium flux is implicated in the generation of reactive oxygen species and histone citrullination, two key events in NETosis, we analysed the roles of both extra- and intracellular calcium pools and their modulation by pharmacological agents in the NETotic process in detail. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) was used as a physiological stimulus of NETosis. Our data demonstrate that efficient induction of NETosis requires mobilisation of both extracellular and intracellular calcium pools. Since modulation of the calcineurin pathway by cyclosporine A has been described in neutrophils, we investigated its influence on NETosis. Our data indicate that IL-8 induced NETosis is reduced by ascomycin and cyclosporine A, antagonists of the calcineurin pathway, but not following treatment with rapamycin, which utilizes the mTOR pathway. The action of the G protein coupled receptor phospholipase C pathway appears to be essential for the induction of NETs by IL-8, as NETosis was diminished by treatment with either pertussis toxin, a G-protein inhibitor, the phospholipase C inhibitor, U73122, or staurosporine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C. The data regarding the calcineurin antagonists, ascomycin and cyclosporine A, open the possibility to therapeutically supress or modulate NETosis. They also provide new insight into the mechanism whereby such immune suppressive drugs render transplant patients susceptible to opportunistic fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Kumar Gupta
- Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stavros Giaglis
- Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Rheumatology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Paul Hasler
- Department of Rheumatology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Sinuhe Hahn
- Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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85
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Köse SA, Nazıroğlu M. Selenium reduces oxidative stress and calcium entry through TRPV1 channels in the neutrophils of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 158:136-42. [PMID: 24634287 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common inflammatory disease with an uncertain pathogenesis, although one consistent finding is increased neutrophil activity. It has been recently reported that the essential antioxidant element selenium has protective effects on oxidative stress and cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations in human neutrophil. We aimed to investigate the effects of selenium on oxidative stress and Ca(2+) levels through TRPV1 channels in neutrophils from patients with PCOS. Blood samples were obtained for neutrophil isolation from ten female patients with PCOS and ten healthy female subjects. Neutrophils isolated from PCOS group were investigated in four settings: (1) PCOS, (2) after incubation with TRPV1 channel blocker capsazepine (CPZ), (3) after incubation with selenium (sodium selenite), and (4) with combination (CPZ + selenium) exposure. Intracellular free Ca(2+) concentrations were higher in the patients than those in the controls, although their levels were reduced after CPZ and selenium incubations. The cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations in neutrophils obtained from PCOS group were further decreased after incubation with CPZ + selenium, as compared with those exposed to neither agent. Lipid peroxidation levels were higher in the PCOS group than those in the control although neutrophil glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reduced glutathione (GSH) values were decreased. The lipid peroxidation level was lower in the CPZ and selenium groups than that in the PCOS group although GSH and GSH-Px values were higher in the treatment with selenium and CPZ. In conclusion, we observed the importance of Ca(2+) influx into the neutrophils through TRPV1 channels in the pathogenesis of the patients with PCOS. The selenium appeared to provide a protective effect against oxidative stress and Ca(2+) entry through modulation of neutrophil TRPV1 calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyit Ali Köse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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86
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Melatonin and amfenac modulate calcium entry, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cell culture exposed to blue light irradiation (405 nm). Eye (Lond) 2014; 28:752-60. [PMID: 24603419 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Under conditions of oxidative stress, cell apoptosis is triggered through the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are linked to excess cell loss and mediate the initiation of apoptosis in a diverse range of cell types. The aims of this study were to assess intracellular Ca(2+) release, ROS production, and caspase-3, and -9 activation in ARPE-19 cells during the blue light-mediated cell death, and to examine a potential protective effect of melatonin and amfenac, in the apoptotic cascade. METHODS ARPE-19 cells were cultured in their medium. First, MTT tests were performed to determine the protective effects of amfenac and melatonin. Cells were then exposed to blue light irradiation in an incubator. Intracellular Ca(2+) release experiments, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, apoptosis assay, glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and ROS experiments were done according to the method stated in the Materials and methods section. RESULTS Cell death was clearly associated with increased levels of ROS production, as measured by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, and associated increase in Ca(2+) levels, as measured by Fura-2-AM. Blue light-induced cell death was associated with an increased level of caspase-3 and 9, suggesting mediation via the apoptotic pathway. Cell death was also associated with mitochondrial depolarization. Melatonin was shown to delay these three steps. CONCLUSION Melatonin, amfenac, and their combination protect ARPE-19 cells against blue light-triggered ROS accumulation and caspase-3 and -9 activation. The antiapoptotic effect of melatonin and amfenac at doses inhibiting caspase synthesis modified Ca(2+) release and prevented excessive ROS production, suggesting a new therapeutic approach to age-related macular degeneration.
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87
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Martinez N, Sinedino L, Bisinotto R, Ribeiro E, Gomes G, Lima F, Greco L, Risco C, Galvão K, Taylor-Rodriguez D, Driver J, Thatcher W, Santos J. Effect of induced subclinical hypocalcemia on physiological responses and neutrophil function in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:874-87. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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88
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Nazıroğlu M, Sahin M, Ciğ B, Aykur M, Erturan I, Ugan Y. Hypericum perforatum modulates apoptosis and calcium mobilization through voltage-gated and TRPM2 calcium channels in neutrophil of patients with Behcet's disease. J Membr Biol 2014; 247:253-62. [PMID: 24452864 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-014-9630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic, inflammatory, and multisystemic condition although its pathogenesis is uncertain. Main component of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum, HP) is hyperforin and induces antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties. We aimed to investigate effects of HP on oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cytosolic-free Ca²⁺ [Ca²⁺](i) concentration in neutrophil of BD patients. Nine new-diagnosed active patients with BD and nine control subjects were included in the study. Disease activity was considered by clinical findings. Neutrophil samples were obtained from the patients and controls. The neutrophils from patients were divided into three subgroups and were incubated with HP, voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) blockers, (verapamil+dilitiazem) and non-specific TRPM2 channel blocker (2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate, 2-APB), respectively. The neutrophils were stimulated by fMLP as a Ca²⁺-concentration agonist and oxidative stress former. Caspase-3, caspase-9, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and [Ca²⁺](i) values were high in the patient groups, although cell viability, glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) values were low in patient group. However, the [Ca²⁺](i), caspase-3, and caspase-9 values decreased markedly in patient+HP group although GSH and GSH-Px values increased in the group. The [Ca²⁺](i) concentration was also decreased in the patient group by V+D, 2-APB, and HP incubations. In conclusion, we observed the importance of neutrophil Ca²⁺ entry, apoptosis, and oxidative stress through gating VGCC and TRPM2 channels in the neutrophils in the pathogenesis and activation of the patients with BD. HP induced protective effects on oxidative stress by modulating Ca²⁺ influx in BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey,
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89
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Koçer M, Nazıroğlu M, Koçer G, Sönmez TT. Effects of Bisphosphonate on Oxidative Stress Levels in Patients With Different Types of Cancer. Cancer Invest 2013; 32:37-42. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2013.861475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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90
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Kaplan Ö, Nazıroğlu M, Güney M, Aykur M. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug modulates oxidative stress and calcium ion levels in the neutrophils of patients with primary dysmenorrhea. J Reprod Immunol 2013; 100:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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91
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Lee YY, Li YC, Hung SL, Chen YC, Lee YH, Yang SF. Mineral trioxide aggregate induces the release of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by human neutrophils. J Dent Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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92
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Mak IT, Kramer JH, Chen X, Chmielinska JJ, Spurney CF, Weglicki WB. Mg supplementation attenuates ritonavir-induced hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and cardiac dysfunction in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R1102-11. [PMID: 24049113 PMCID: PMC3841797 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00268.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Use of protease inhibitors (PI) in HIV patients is associated with hyperlipidemia and increased risk of coronary heart disease. Chronic systemic and cardiac effects of ritonavir (RTV), a universal PI booster, and Mg supplementation were examined. RTV was administered (75 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) po) to Lewis × Brown-Norway hybrid (LBNF1) rats for up to 8 wk; significant increases in plasma triglyceride and cholesterol occurred from 8 days to 8 wk. At 5 wk, the expression of selected hepatic genes (CYP7A1, CITED2, G6PC, and ME-1), which are key to lipid catabolism/synthesis, were altered toward lipogenesis. Dietary Mg supplementation (six-fold higher) completely reversed the altered expression of these genes and attenuated both hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. Neutrophils isolated from the RTV-treated rats displayed a three-fold higher basal and a twofold higher stimulated superoxide production; plasma isoprostane and red blood cell (RBC) GSSG levels were elevated two- to three-fold. All oxidative indices were normalized by Mg supplementation. After 5 wk, RTV caused significant decreases in cardiac left ventricular (LV) shortening fraction and LV ejection fraction; mitral valve early/late atrial ventricular filling (E/A) ratio was reduced accompanied by LV posterior wall thinning. Immunohistochemical staining revealed significant white blood cell (WBC) infiltration (5 wk) and prominent fibrosis (8 wk) in the RTV hearts. Mg supplementation attenuated RTV-induced declines in systolic and diastolic (improved mitral valve E/A ratio) function (>70%), lessened LV posterior wall thinning (by 75%), and substantially decreased the pathological markers. The known clinical hyperlipidemia effects of RTV can be mimicked in the LBNF1 rats; in association, systemic oxidative stress and progressive cardiac dysfunction occurred. Remarkably, Mg supplementation alone suppressed RTV-mediated hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Tong Mak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC; and
| | - Jay H. Kramer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC; and
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC; and
| | - Joanna J. Chmielinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC; and
| | | | - William B. Weglicki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC; and
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93
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Hwang TL, Sung CT, Aljuffali IA, Chang YT, Fang JY. Cationic surfactants in the form of nanoparticles and micelles elicit different human neutrophil responses: a toxicological study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 114:334-41. [PMID: 24246197 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cationic surfactants are an ingredient commonly incorporated into nanoparticles for clinical practicability; however, the toxicity of cationic surfactants in nanoparticles is not fully elucidated. We aimed to evaluate the inflammatory responses of cationic nanobubbles and micelles in human neutrophils. Soyaethyl morpholinium ethosulfate (SME) and hexadecyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB) are the two cationic surfactants employed in this study. The zeta potential of CTAB nanobubbles was 80 mV, which was the highest among all formulations. Nanobubbles, without cationic surfactants, showed no cytotoxic effects on neutrophils in terms of inflammatory responses. Cationic nanobubbles caused a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of degranulation (elastase release) and membrane damage (release of lactate dehydrogenase, LDH). Among all nanoparticles and micelles, CTAB-containing nanosystems showed the greatest inflammatory responses. A CTAB nanobubble diluent (1/150) increased the LDH release 80-fold. Propidium iodide staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) verified cell death and morphological change of neutrophils treated by CTAB nanobubbles. SME, in a micelle form, strengthened the inflammatory response more than SME-loaded nanobubbles. Membrane interaction and subsequent Ca(2+) influx were the mechanisms that triggered inflammation. The information obtained from this work is beneficial in designing nanoparticulate formulations for balancing clinical activity and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsong-Long Hwang
- Cell Pharmacology Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Calvin T Sung
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Ibrahim A Aljuffali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuan-Ting Chang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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94
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Hübner K, Surovtsova I, Yserentant K, Hänsch M, Kummer U. Ca2+ dynamics correlates with phenotype and function in primary human neutrophils. Biophys Chem 2013; 184:116-25. [PMID: 24262430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Central to the immune defense function of neutrophils is to sense, to move and to kill. Neutrophils acquire distinct cellular states necessary to fulfill these functions each associated with a particular phenotype. The cells constituting the neutrophil population are presumably not synchronized with respect to their actual state, e.g. due to maturity or preactivation. It is also likely that they exhibit a different degree of phenotypic plasticity (that is, the ability to switch to a particular state). Calcium is known to play a crucial role in neutrophils such as for cell motility. The present study focuses on characterizing the cell-to-cell variability at the morphological as well as at the level of calcium dynamics by studying single primary human neutrophils. We apply long-term multivariate live cell imaging to (i) characterize neutrophil phenotypes of different functional states, (ii) analyze the distribution of cells being in these states and, (iii) study the individual intracellular calcium response simultaneously with shape changes. We are able to differentiate the five distinct subpopulations of neutrophils based on quantitative parameters of cell morphology and motility. As a major result, we demonstrate that the calcium dynamics of individual cells correlates with their respective functional state. Finally, we see a number of cells that undergo spontaneous phenotypic changes from one cellular state to another. These events are preceded either by exhibiting the calcium dynamics of the future state or by switching to the respective calcium dynamics in parallel to switching the morphology. Based on our results we conclude that specific calcium dynamics carries crucial information for the function and phenotype of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Hübner
- Modeling of Biological Processes, BioQuant, COS Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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95
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Chang HT, Chou CT, Chen IL, Liang WZ, Kuo DH, Huang JK, Shieh P, Jan CR. Mechanisms of resveratrol-induced changes in [Ca2+]iand cell viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2013; 33:298-303. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2013.822886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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96
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Chi CC, Chou CT, Liang WZ, Jan CR. Effect of the pesticide, deltamethrin, on Ca2+signaling and apoptosis in OC2 human oral cancer cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2013; 37:25-31. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.806528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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97
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Kazumura K, Sato Y, Satozono H, Koike T, Tsuchiya H, Hiramatsu M, Katsumata M, Okazaki S. Simultaneous monitoring of superoxides and intracellular calcium ions in neutrophils by chemiluminescence and fluorescence: evaluation of action mechanisms of bioactive compounds in foods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 84:90-6. [PMID: 23810848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a measuring system for simultaneous monitoring of chemiluminescence and fluorescence, which indicate respectively, (i) generation of superoxide anion radicals (O2(-•)) and (ii) change in the intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) of neutrophils triggered by the mechanism of innate immune response. We applied this measuring system for establishing a method to distinguish between anti-inflammatory actions and antioxidant actions caused by bioactive compounds. We evaluated anti-inflammatory agents (zinc ion [Zn(2+)] and ibuprofen) and antioxidants (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and ascorbic acid). It was shown that ibuprofen and Zn(2+) were anti-inflammatory while SOD and ascorbic acid were anti-oxidative. We conclude that it is possible to determine the mechanism of action of bioactive compounds using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Kazumura
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita-ku, Hamamatsu 434-8601, Japan.
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98
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Tsai YR, Huang LJ, Lin HY, Hung YJ, Lee MR, Kuo SC, Hsu MF, Wang JP. Inhibition of formyl peptide-stimulated superoxide anion generation by Fal-002-2 occurs mainly through the blockade of the p21-activated kinase and protein kinase C signaling pathways in ratneutrophils. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 701:114-23. [PMID: 23357556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-stimulated rat neutrophils, a synthetic compound, 6-chloro-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate (Fal-002-2), inhibited superoxide anion (O2(•-)) generation with an IC50 value of about 11μM, which was not mediated by scavenging the generated O2(•-) or by a cytotoxic effect on neutrophils. Fal-002-2 effectively attenuated the phosphorylation of Ser residues in p47(phox) and the association between p47(phox) and p22(phox) in fMLP-stimulated neutrophils. The interaction of p47(phox) with protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms (α, βI, βII, δ and ζ) was attenuated by Fal-002-2 with a similar IC50 value to that required for inhibition of O2(•-) generation, whereas Fal-002-2 had no prominent effect on PKC isoform membrane translocation and did not affect the kinase activity. Moreover, Fal-002-2 had no effect on the phosphorylation of Akt and downstream glycogen synthase kinase-3β, only slightly affected the intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but effectively attenuated the downstream MAPK-activated protein kinase-2 phosphorylation. The interaction of p21-activated kinase (PAK) 1with p47(phox), phosphorylation of PAK1 (Thr423/Ser144) and the membrane recruitment of PAK1 were effectively inhibited by Fal-002-2. Fal-002-2 also blocked the activation of Rac1 and Cdc42 in a concentration range that effectively inhibited PAK activation. Taken together, these results suggest that Fal-002-2 inhibits fMLP-stimulated O2(•-) generation in neutrophils mainly through the blockade of PKC and PAK signaling pathways and partly through p38 MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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99
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Tsai YR, Wang YJ, Lee MR, Hsu MF, Wang JP. p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways are not essential regulators of formyl peptide-stimulated p47(phox) activation in neutrophils. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 701:96-105. [PMID: 23348708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Three structurally unrelated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, (4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole (SB203580), 1-5-tert-butyl-2-p-tolyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-[4-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)naphthalen-1-yl] urea (BIRB 796) and 5-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-[2,4-difluorophenyl]thio]-6H-pyrimido[1,6-b]pyridazin-6-one (VX 745) showed approximately 40% inhibition of formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-stimulated neutrophil superoxide anion (O2(•-)) generation at concentrations that greatly diminished p38 MAPK activity. However, a significant inhibition of p47(phox) activation occurred at concentrations much higher than the corresponding IC50 values of these inhibitors in blocking p38 MAPK activity. 4-Ethyl-2(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-(4'-pyridyl)-IH-imidazole (SB202474), an inactive analogue of SB203580, at a concentration (30μM) which significantly attenuated p38 MAPK activity, had no effect on p47(phox) activation, whereas it inhibited O2(•-) generation with an IC50 value of approximately 16μM. Moreover, both SB203580 and BIRB 796 had no effect on protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt Ser473 phosphorylation and S100A9 protein membrane translocation at concentrations that effectively blocked p38 MAPK activity. Pretreatment of cells with two structurally unrelated MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK) inhibitors, 2-(2-amino-3-methoxy-phenyl)-chromen-4-one (PD 98059) and 1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis(2-aminophenylthio)butadiene (U0126), at concentrations that effectively blocked MEK activity, attenuated p47(phox) phosphorylation but did not affect the recruitment of p47(phox) to p22(phox) or O2(•-) generation. Both p47(phox) activation and O2(•-) generation were attenuated by a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor 2-[1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-maleimide (GF 109203X) in the concentration range that effectively blocked PKC activity. Taken together, these results suggest that the ERK-mediated Ser phosphorylation of p47(phox) is not implicated in the assembly of NADPH oxidase or O2(•-) generation, and that O2(•-) generation is partly attributable to p38 MAPK signaling through mechanisms other than p47(phox) activation, Akt activation and S100A9 membrane recruitment in fMLP-stimulated neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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100
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León-Rodríguez L, Luzardo-Álvarez A, Blanco-Méndez J, Lamas J, Leiro J. Biodegradable microparticles covalently linked to surface antigens of the scuticociliate parasite P. dicentrarchi promote innate immune responses in vitro. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:236-43. [PMID: 23142727 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The histiophagous scuticociliate endoparasite Philasterides dicentrarchi is an emerging pathogen that infects the turbot Scophthalmus maximus and thus causes important economic losses in turbot aquaculture. This in vitro study investigated the adjuvant capacity of biodegradable microspheres (MS) composed of two polymers (chitosan and Gantrez(®)) covalently coupled to surface antigens (Ag) of P. dicentrarchi. The coupled MS-Ag significantly stimulated the phagocytic response of both murine macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) and leukocytes from the anterior kidney of turbot (HLK), at a level similar to that induced by zymosan A. The MS-Ag also significantly increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as shown by the increased O(2) consumption and stimulation of the respiratory burst and nitric oxide production by murine and in particular by turbot HLK. The MS-Ag stimulated the production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) by murine and turbot HLK. The results confirm the high adjuvant capacity of biodegradable MS covalently bound to Ag as regards stimulating the innate immune response, and they justify the use of MS in the production of safe and effective vaccines against fish pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- L León-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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