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Fresnillo B, Belliure J, Gil D, Cuervo JJ. Hormonal control of seasonal color change in female spiny-footed lizards: an observational and experimental approach. Curr Zool 2019; 65:633-642. [PMID: 31857810 PMCID: PMC6911850 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breeding coloration of females often signals aspects of their reproductive status, suggesting a link between color and sex steroid hormones. In this study, we examined the relationships between 2 sex steroid hormones (progesterone and β-estradiol) and reproductive coloration in female spiny-footed lizards Acanthodactylus erythrurus. We first explored natural variation in female plasma hormone levels and coloration during their reproductive cycle. β-estradiol was negatively related to brightness and positively related to red saturation, whereas progesterone was not significantly related to coloration. After identifying key relationships, plasma hormone concentrations were manipulated by creating 3 experimental female groups (β-estradiol-treated, progesterone-treated, and control), and the effects on coloration were monitored. β-estradiol-treated females, in which there was a rise in both β-estradiol and progesterone levels, lost their red coloration earlier than females in the other 2 experimental groups, whereas progesterone treatment had no significant effect on female coloration. Our results suggest that high levels of either β-estradiol alone or β-estradiol together with progesterone trigger the loss of red coloration in female spiny-footed lizards, and that progesterone alone does not affect coloration. We hypothesize that changes in female breeding color might be regulated by β-estradiol in species in which conspicuous coloration is displayed before ovulation, and by progesterone in species in which this color is displayed during gravidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Fresnillo
- Department of Life Sciences, Ecology Section, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), Carretera de Sacramento s/n, Almería, Spain
| | - Josabel Belliure
- Department of Life Sciences, Ecology Section, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Gil
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José J Cuervo
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Address correspondence to José J. Cuervo. E-mail:
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Tozzi A, Durante V, Manca P, Di Mauro M, Blasi J, Grassi S, Calabresi P, Kawato S, Pettorossi VE. Bidirectional Synaptic Plasticity Is Driven by Sex Neurosteroids Targeting Estrogen and Androgen Receptors in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:534. [PMID: 31866827 PMCID: PMC6904272 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroactive estrogenic and androgenic steroids influence synaptic transmission, finely modulating synaptic plasticity in several brain regions including the hippocampus. While estrogens facilitate long-term potentiation (LTP), androgens are involved in the induction of long-term depression (LTD) and depotentiation (DP) of synaptic transmission. To examine sex neurosteroid-dependent LTP and LTD in single cells, patch-clamp recordings from hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons of male rats and selective antagonists for estrogen receptors (ERs) and androgen (AR) receptors were used. LTP induced by high-frequency stimulation (HFS) depended on activation of ERs since it was prevented by the ER antagonist ICI 182,780 in most of the neurons. Application of the selective antagonists for ERα (MPP) or ERβ (PHTPP) caused a reduction of the LTP amplitude, while these antagonists in combination, prevented LTP completely. LTP was never affected by blocking AR with the specific antagonist flutamide. Conversely, LTD and DP, elicited by low-frequency stimulation (LFS), were impeded by flutamide, but not by ICI 182,780, in most neurons. In few cells, LTD was even reverted to LTP by flutamide. Moreover, the combined application of both ER and AR antagonists completely prevented both LTP and LTD/DP in the same neuron. The current study demonstrates that the activation of ERs is necessary for inducing LTP in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, whereas the activation of ARs is required for LTD and DP. Moreover, both estrogen- and androgen-dependent LTP and LTD can be expressed in the same pyramidal neurons, suggesting that the activation of sex neurosteroids signaling pathways is responsible for bidirectional synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Tozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Durante
- Department of Medicine, Section of Neurological Clinic, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Manca
- Department de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michela Di Mauro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Juan Blasi
- Department de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvarosa Grassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Neurological Clinic, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Suguru Kawato
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vito Enrico Pettorossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Rodríguez Castaño P, Parween S, Pandey AV. Bioactivity of Curcumin on the Cytochrome P450 Enzymes of the Steroidogenic Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184606. [PMID: 31533365 PMCID: PMC6770025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Turmeric, a popular ingredient in the cuisine of many Asian countries, comes from the roots of the Curcuma longa and is known for its use in Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine. Turmeric is rich in curcuminoids, including curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Curcuminoids have potent wound healing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic activities. While curcuminoids have been studied for many years, not much is known about their effects on steroid metabolism. Since many anti-cancer drugs target enzymes from the steroidogenic pathway, we tested the effect of curcuminoids on cytochrome P450 CYP17A1, CYP21A2, and CYP19A1 enzyme activities. When using 10 µg/mL of curcuminoids, both the 17α-hydroxylase as well as 17,20 lyase activities of CYP17A1 were reduced significantly. On the other hand, only a mild reduction in CYP21A2 activity was observed. Furthermore, CYP19A1 activity was also reduced up to ~20% of control when using 1–100 µg/mL of curcuminoids in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular docking studies confirmed that curcumin could dock onto the active sites of CYP17A1, CYP19A1, as well as CYP21A2. In CYP17A1 and CYP19A1, curcumin docked within 2.5 Å of central heme while in CYP21A2 the distance from heme was 3.4 Å, which is still in the same range or lower than distances of bound steroid substrates. These studies suggest that curcuminoids may cause inhibition of steroid metabolism, especially at higher dosages. Also, the recent popularity of turmeric powder as a dilatory supplement needs further evaluation for the effect of curcuminoids on steroid metabolism. The molecular structure of curcuminoids could be modified to generate better lead compounds with inhibitory effects on CYP17A1 and CYP19A1 for potential drugs against prostate cancer and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rodríguez Castaño
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shaheena Parween
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amit V Pandey
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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A novel GC-MS methodology to evaluate aromatase activity in human placental microsomes: a comparative study with the standard radiometric assay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:7005-7013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Park CS, Choi J, Seong MK, Hong SE, Kim JS, Park IC, Seol H, Noh WC, Kim HA. pS6K1 as an efficacy marker of GnRH agonist with premenopausal breast cancer. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:863-869. [PMID: 31252399 PMCID: PMC6599072 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol is a key factor for tumorigenesis and prognosis of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Adipocytes are one source of estradiol in patients with breast cancer. Recent studies have shown that phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1 plays a critical role in adipogenesis. Therefore, estrogen depletion therapy might have beneficial effects in phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1-positive breast cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the value of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1 as a marker for gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment, a form of estrogen depletion therapy, for premenopausal patients with HR-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer. We reviewed the medical records of 296 premenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative primary invasive breast cancer treated between 2008 and 2015. Phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1 positivity was defined by immunohistochemical staining scores of 1+, 2+ and 3+, whereas a score of 0 was considered negative. Phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1-positive tumors were found in 74.0% of the patients. In the phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1-positive group, disease-free survival of patients treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist was significantly longer than that of patients treated without a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (mean 106.7 months vs mean 91.1 months, P = 0.018). Phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1 is a potential biomarker for predicting the efficacy of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy in premenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Sub Park
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Buk-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Choi
- Department of General Surgery, National Medical Center, Jung-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ki Seong
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Hong
- Radiation Medicine Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Radiation Medicine Clinical Research Division, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Park
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesil Seol
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Chul Noh
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ah Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence should be addressed to H-A Kim:
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Hosseini E, Shahhoseini M, Afsharian P, Karimian L, Ashrafi M, Mehraein F, Afatoonian R. Role of epigenetic modifications in the aberrant CYP19A1 gene expression in polycystic ovary syndrome. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:887-895. [PMID: 31360184 PMCID: PMC6657255 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.86060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, the global DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation levels of cumulus cells (CCs) in infertile polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and the correlation of these epigenetic modifications with the expression of the ovarian aromatase gene (as an important marker in the etiology of PCOS) were investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 24 patients (12 PCOS patients and 12 healthy women), who underwent ovarian stimulation. Nucleosome ELISA was performed, in order to identify the global occupancy level of Mecp2 (as a marker of DNA methylation) and H3K9me2/H3K9ac as histone modification markers in chromatin fractions obtained from CCs. The CYP19A1 gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR. The level of DNA incorporation of MeCP2, histone modification markers and binding of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) to CYP19A1 regulatory sequences were examined by ChIP-QPCR assay. RESULTS The data demonstrate a significant increase in global occupancy levels of MeCP2 and H3K9ac markers and a decrease of H3K9me2 to chromatin in CCs of PCOS patients vs. control group. Furthermore, CYP19A1 gene expression, and the incorporation of H3K9ac in PII, PI.3, and PI.4 promoters of CYP19A1 in PCOS, were higher than those of controls. Also, significant hypomethylation of H3K9 at PII and DNA hypomethylated at PII and PI.3 promoters and differential binding of ERβ to three promoters were observed in PCOS patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Aromatase expression can be affected by epigenetic modifications and differential ERβ binding to the proximal CYP19A1 promoters. These mechanisms may be involved in the enhanced aromatase transcription during ovarian stimulation in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hosseini
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IVF Clinic, Mousavi Hospital, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Shahhoseini
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Afsharian
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Karimian
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ashrafi
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mehraein
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Afatoonian
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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57
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Giudice A, Barbieri A, Bimonte S, Cascella M, Cuomo A, Crispo A, D'Arena G, Galdiero M, Della Pepa ME, Botti G, Caraglia M, Capunzo M, Arra C, Montella M. Dissecting the prevention of estrogen-dependent breast carcinogenesis through Nrf2-dependent and independent mechanisms. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4937-4953. [PMID: 31388303 PMCID: PMC6607693 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s183192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. Various studies indicate that prolonged exposure to elevated levels of estrogens is associated with development of breast cancer. Both estrogen receptor-dependent and independent mechanisms can contribute to the carcinogenic effects of estrogens. Among them, the oxidative metabolism of estrogens plays a key role in the initiation of estradiol-induced breast cancer by generation of reactive estrogen quinones as well as the associated formation of oxygen free radicals. These genotoxic metabolites can react with DNA to form unstable DNA adducts which generate mutations leading to the initiation of breast cancer. A variety of endogenous and exogenous factors can alter estrogen homeostasis and generate genotoxic metabolites. The use of specific phytochemicals and dietary supplements can inhibit the risk of breast cancer not only by the modulation of several estrogen-activating enzymes (CYP19, CYP1B1) but also through the induction of various cytoprotective enzymes (eg, SOD3, NQO1, glutathione S-transferases, OGG-1, catechol-O-methyltransferases, CYP1B1A, etc.) that reestablish the homeostatic balance of estrogen metabolism via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent and independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Giudice
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbieri
- S.S.D Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bimonte
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Cascella
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Cuomo
- Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Arena
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80134Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Della Pepa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80134Naples, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, 84081Salerno, Italy
| | - Claudio Arra
- S.S.D Sperimentazione Animale, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Montella
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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Liu J, Liu X, Jin C, Du X, He Y, Zhang Q. Transcriptome Profiling Insights the Feature of Sex Reversal Induced by High Temperature in Tongue Sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. Front Genet 2019; 10:522. [PMID: 31191622 PMCID: PMC6548826 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex reversal induced by temperature change is a common feature in fish. Usually, the sex ratio shift occurs when temperature deviates too much from normal during embryogenesis or sex differentiation stages. Despite decades of work, the mechanism of how temperature functions during early development and sex reversal remains mysterious. In this study, we used Chinese tongue sole as a model to identify features from gonad transcriptomic and epigenetic mechanisms involved in temperature induced masculinization. Some of genetic females reversed to pseudomales after high temperature treatment which caused the sex ratio imbalance. RNA-seq data showed that the expression profiles of females and males were significantly different, and set of genes showed sexually dimorphic expression. The general transcriptomic feature of pesudomales was similar with males, but the genes involved in spermatogenesis and energy metabolism were differentially expressed. In gonads, the methylation level of cyp19a1a promoter was higher in females than in males and pseudomales. Furthermore, high-temperature treatment increased the cyp19a1a promoter methylation levels of females. We observed a significant negative correlation between methylation levels and expression of cyp19ala. In vitro study showed that CpG within the cAMP response element (CRE) of the cyp19a1a promoter was hypermethylated, and DNA methylation decreased the basal and forskolin-induced activities of cyp19a1a promoter. These results suggested that epigenetic change, i.e., DNA methylation, which regulate the expression of cyp19a1a might be the mechanism for the temperature induced masculinization in tongue sole. It may be a common mechanism in teleost that can be induced sex reversal by temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaofan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinxin Du
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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59
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Hammes SR, Levin ER. Impact of estrogens in males and androgens in females. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1818-1826. [PMID: 31042159 DOI: 10.1172/jci125755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens and estrogens are known to be critical regulators of mammalian physiology and development. While these two classes of steroids share similar structures (in general, estrogens are derived from androgens via the enzyme aromatase), they subserve markedly different functions via their specific receptors. In the past, estrogens such as estradiol were thought to be most important in the regulation of female biology, while androgens such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were believed to primarily modulate development and physiology in males. However, the emergence of patients with deficiencies in androgen or estrogen hormone synthesis or actions, as well as the development of animal models that specifically target androgen- or estrogen-mediated signaling pathways, have revealed that estrogens and androgens regulate critical biological and pathological processes in both males and females. In fact, the concept of "male" and "female" hormones is an oversimplification of a complex developmental and biological network of steroid actions that directly impacts many organs. In this Review, we will discuss important roles of estrogens in males and androgens in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Hammes
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ellis R Levin
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, UCI, Irvine, California, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, UCI and United States Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA
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Bhardwaj P, Au CC, Benito-Martin A, Ladumor H, Oshchepkova S, Moges R, Brown KA. Estrogens and breast cancer: Mechanisms involved in obesity-related development, growth and progression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 189:161-170. [PMID: 30851382 PMCID: PMC6502693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer after menopause. The pro-proliferative effects of estrogens are well characterized and there is a growing body of evidence to also suggest an important role in tumorigenesis. Importantly, obesity not only increases the risk of breast cancer, but it also increases the risk of recurrence and cancer-associated death. Aromatase is the rate-limiting enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis and its expression in breast adipose stromal cells is hypothesized to drive the growth of breast tumors and confer resistance to endocrine therapy in obese postmenopausal women. The molecular regulation of aromatase has been characterized in response to many obesity-related molecules, including inflammatory mediators and adipokines. This review is aimed at providing an overview of our current knowledge in relation to the regulation of estrogens in adipose tissue and their role in driving breast tumor development, growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bhardwaj
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - CheukMan C Au
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | - Heta Ladumor
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ruth Moges
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Kristy A Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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61
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Li Y, Fang L, Yu Y, Shi H, Wang S, Guo Y, Sun Y. Higher melatonin in the follicle fluid and MT2 expression in the granulosa cells contribute to the OHSS occurrence. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:37. [PMID: 30979376 PMCID: PMC6461819 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a common and severe complication for patients undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET. Melatonin widely participates in the regulation of female reproductive endocrine activity. However, whether melatonin participates in the progression of OHSS is largely unknown. This study aims to identify the predictive value of follicular fluid (FF) melatonin for OHSS establishment and the underlying mechanism. METHODS All participants of this case-control study were enrolled at the Reproductive Medicine Center located in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in China from January to October in 2017. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were used to examine the mRNA and protein levels. Primary granulosa cells were extracted and cultured for in vitro studies. Melatonin concentration was measured by ELISA. Logistic analysis and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predicting value of melatonin on OHSS occurrence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The expression level of melatonin receptor 2 (MT2), P450 aromatase cytochrome (aromatase), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in human primary granulosa cells. The concentration of melatonin in FF. The predicting value of melatonin on OHSS and the cut-off value of the prediction. RESULTS FF melatonin concentrations were significantly higher in patients with OHSS compared to non-OHSS group (35.94 ± 10.18 ng/mL vs 23.93 ± 10.94 ng/mL, p<0.001). The expression of MT2 mRNA (p = 0.0459) and protein in granulosa cells was also significantly higher in the OHSS group. When using a cut-off level of 27.52 ng/ml, the sensitivity and specificity of FF melatonin to predict OHSS was 84.6 and 74.0%, respectively (p < 0.0001). We also found that melatonin could up-regulates aromatase mRNA, VEGF mRNA expression and down-regulates iNOS mRNA expression in the granulosa cells. CONCLUSION OHSS patients have higher melatonin in the FF as well as higher MT2 expression in the granulosa cells. The melatonin in FF might be used as an effective predictor for the occurrence of OHSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- grid.412633.1Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China Zhengzhou No. 1 construction east road, He’nan Province, China
| | - Lanlan Fang
- grid.412633.1Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China Zhengzhou No. 1 construction east road, He’nan Province, China
| | - Yiping Yu
- grid.412633.1Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China Zhengzhou No. 1 construction east road, He’nan Province, China
| | - Hao Shi
- grid.412633.1Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China Zhengzhou No. 1 construction east road, He’nan Province, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- grid.412633.1Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China Zhengzhou No. 1 construction east road, He’nan Province, China
| | - Yanjie Guo
- grid.412633.1Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China Zhengzhou No. 1 construction east road, He’nan Province, China
| | - Yingpu Sun
- grid.412633.1Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China Zhengzhou No. 1 construction east road, He’nan Province, China
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Barbosa ACS, Feng Y, Yu C, Huang M, Xie W. Estrogen sulfotransferase in the metabolism of estrogenic drugs and in the pathogenesis of diseases. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:329-339. [PMID: 30822161 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1588884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biotransformation is important in the metabolism of endobiotics and xenobiotics. This process comprises the activity of phase I and phase II enzymes. Estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1 or EST) is a phase II conjugating enzyme that belongs to the family of cytosolic sulfotransferases. The expression of SULT1E1 can be detected in many tissues, including the liver. SULT1E1 catalyzes the transfer of a sulfate group from 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to any available hydroxyl group in estrogenic molecules. The substrates of SULT1E1 include the endogenous and synthetic estrogens. Upon SULT1E1-mediated sulfation, the hydrosolubility of estrogens increases, preventing the binding between the sulfated estrogens and the estrogen receptor (ER). This sulfated state of the estrogens is not irreversible, as the steroid sulfatase (STS) can convert sulfoconjugated estrogens to free estrogens. The expression of SULT1E1 is inducible by several diseases that involve tissue inflammation, such as type 2 diabetes, sepsis, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Areas covered: This systematic literature review aims to summarize the role of SULT1E1 in the metabolism of estrogenic drugs and xenobiotics, and the role of SULT1E1 in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer, metabolic disease, sepsis, liver injury, and cystic fibrosis. Meanwhile, ablation or pharmacological inhibition of SULT1E1 can affect the outcomes of the aforementioned diseases. Expert opinion: In addition to its role in metabolizing estrogenic drugs, SULT1E1 is unexpectedly being unveiled as a mediator for the disease effect on estrogen metabolism and homeostasis. Meanwhile, because the expression and activity of SULT1E1 can affect the outcome of diseases, the same sulfotransferase and the reversing enzymes STS can be potential therapeutic targets to prevent or manage diseases. Accumulating evidence suggest that the physiological and pathophysiological effects of SULT1E1 can be estrogen-independent and it is necessary to elucidate what other possible substrates may be recognized by the enzyme. Moreover, human studies are paramount to confirm the human relevance of the animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Caroline S Barbosa
- a Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Ye Feng
- a Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.,b Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease , The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- c Department of Gastroenterology , The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Min Huang
- d Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wen Xie
- a Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA.,e Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
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63
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Wang Y, Yang H, Zi C, Wang Z. Transcriptomic analysis of the red and green light responses in Columba livia domestica. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:20. [PMID: 30622858 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 108 paired White King pigeons, randomly divided into three compartments were exposed to green light, red light, and white light followed by 15 h of light exposure, for a 6-month period. Three female birds from each group were selected and ovarian stromal tissue was collected. Pigeon reproductive data were also recorded every day. We performed transcriptome assembly on several tissue samples using Illumina Hiseq 2000 and analyzed differentially expressed genes involving follicle development mechanisms. Reproductive data confirmed that exposure to red and green lights improved pigeon reproduction. In total, approximately 158,080 unigenes with an average length of 753 bp were obtained using the Trinity program. Gene ontology, clusters of orthologous groups, and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes were used to annotate and classify these unigenes. Large numbers of differentially expressed genes were discovered through pairwise comparisons between groups treated with monochromatic light versus white light. Some of these genes are associated with steroid hormone biosynthesis, cell cycle and circadian rhythm. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was used to detect the relative expression levels of randomly selected genes. A total of 17,419 potential simple sequence repeats were also identified. Our study provides insights into potential molecular mechanisms and genes that regulate pigeon reproduction in response to monochromatic light exposure. Our results and data will facilitate a further investigation into the molecular mechanisms behind the effects of red and green lights on follicle development and reproduction in the pigeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Haiming Yang
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Chen Zi
- 2Department of Pathology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276000 Shandong Province China
| | - Zhiyue Wang
- 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu Province China
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Goedecke JH, Tootla M, Keswell D. Ethnic differences in regional adipose tissue oestrogen receptor gene expression. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:32-38. [PMID: 30562161 PMCID: PMC6330717 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown ethnic differences in body fat distribution, characterised by greater peripheral and less central fat accumulation in black compared to white South African (SA) women. As sex hormones play an important role in body fat distribution, our study aimed to determine whether differences in body fat distribution between black and white SA women were associated with subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) expression of oestrogen receptors (ERA and ERB) and aromatase (CYP19A1). Body fat distribution (DXA and CT) and ERA, ERB and CYP19A1 expression in abdominal and gluteal SAT were measured in 26 black and 22 white SA women. Abdominal SAT ERA and ERB did not differ by ethnicity or BMI. Gluteal ERA was higher (1.08 ± 0.06 vs 0.99 ± 0.05, P < 0.001) and ERB was lower (0.99 ± 0.06 vs 1.10 ± 0.07, P < 0.001) in black vs white SA women. CYP19A1 increased with obesity in all depots (P < 0.001). In both black and white SA women, gluteal ERA was associated with lower central fat mass (FM) and greater gynoid FM (P < 0.05), while the inverse association was shown for CYP19A1 in all depots (P < 0.01). In conclusion, ethnic differences in gluteal ERA expression were associated with differences in body fat distribution previously reported between black and white SA women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Goedecke
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Exercise Science and Sport Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, 3 Floor Sports Science Institute of South Africa Cape Town, South Africa
- Correspondence should be addressed to J H Goedecke:
| | - Mehreen Tootla
- Division of Exercise Science and Sport Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, 3 Floor Sports Science Institute of South Africa Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dheshnie Keswell
- Division of Exercise Science and Sport Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, 3 Floor Sports Science Institute of South Africa Cape Town, South Africa
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Subbaramaiah K, Iyengar NM, Morrow M, Elemento O, Zhou XK, Dannenberg AJ. Prostaglandin E 2 down-regulates sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), leading to elevated levels of aromatase, providing insights into the obesity-breast cancer connection. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:361-371. [PMID: 30409902 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Levels of aromatase, the rate-limiting enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis, are increased in the breast tissue of obese women. Both prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) contribute to the induction of aromatase in adipose stromal cells (ASCs). Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) binds, deacetylates, and thereby inactivates HIF-1α. Here, we sought to determine whether SIRT1 also plays a role in regulating aromatase expression. We demonstrate that reduced SIRT1 levels are associated with elevated levels of acetyl-HIF-1α, HIF-1α, and aromatase in breast tissue of obese compared with lean women. To determine whether these changes were functionally linked, ASCs were utilized. In ASCs, treatment with PGE2, which is increased in obese individuals, down-regulated SIRT1 levels, leading to elevated acetyl-HIF-1α and HIF-1α levels and enhanced aromatase gene transcription. Chemical SIRT1 activators (SIRT1720 and resveratrol) suppressed the PGE2-mediated induction of acetyl-HIF-1α, HIF-1α, and aromatase. Silencing of p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), which acetylates HIF-1α, blocked PGE2-mediated increases in acetyl-HIF-1α, HIF-1α, and aromatase. SIRT1 overexpression or PCAF silencing inhibited the interaction between HIF-1α and p300, a coactivator of aromatase expression, and suppressed p300 binding to the aromatase promoter. PGE2 acted via prostaglandin E2 receptor 2 (EP2) and EP4 to induce activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a repressive transcription factor, which bound to a CREB site within the SIRT1 promoter and reduced SIRT1 levels. These findings suggest that reduced SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of HIF-1α contributes to the elevated levels of aromatase in breast tissues of obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotha Subbaramaiah
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065.
| | - Neil M Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Monica Morrow
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
| | - Andrew J Dannenberg
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065.
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Barzegar Bafrouei MH, Khazali H, Kalantar SM, Khoradmehr A. The Comparative Effect of Citrullus colocynthis Hydro-Alcoholic Extract and Metformin on Morphometric Ovarian Follicles Disorders in Estradilol Valerate Iinduced-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rats. Galen Med J 2018; 7:e1045. [PMID: 34466428 PMCID: PMC8343485 DOI: 10.22086/gmj.v0i0.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects 6-10% of women in reproductive age. The medicinal values of Citrullus colocynthis (CCT) extract stems from its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. This study evaluated the comparative effect of CCT and metformin on morphometric ovarian disorders in PCOS rats. Materials and Methods: Fifty female Wistar rats having 2-3 consecutive estrous cycles during two weeks were divided into five groups (n=10 each group). The rats in the control group only received sesame oil as estradiol valerate solvent, whereas the rats in the sham group were injected intramuscularly with 4 mg/rat estradiol valerate-induced PCOS. Following PCOS induction, the rats in the metformin group received 50 mg/kg metformin orally for three weeks. Rats in the Extract group were treated with 50 mg/kg plant extract for 21 days following the induction with PCOS. Additionally, the rats in metformin+ extract group were treated with the combination of 50 mg metformin plus plant extract for three weeks. The ovaries were removed and were fixed for tissue processing. The slices were stained by hematoxylin-eosin after clearing and hydration. Follicular count and morphometric changes were evaluated in primordial, primary, pre-antral and antral follicles. Results: The mean diameter of primordial follicle was similar in all groups, but mean diameter of primary follicle decreased in the sham group (145.50± 49.26 µm) compared to metformin (278.76± 156.64 µm), extract (311.70± 147.74 µm) and metformin+ extract groups (265.35± 88.16 µm). The diameter of pre-antral and antral follicles in the sham group were significantly larger than those in the control group, but were not significantly different in all other groups including metformin, extract, and metformin+ extract in comparison with control group (P< 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the data has demonstrated that CCT like metformin could improve follicular morphometric disorders in PCOS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Homayoun Khazali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mehdi Kalantar
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproduction Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproduction Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Gibson DA, Foster PA, Simitsidellis I, Critchley HOD, Kelepouri O, Collins F, Saunders PTK. SULFATION PATHWAYS: A role for steroid sulphatase in intracrine regulation of endometrial decidualisation. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:M57-M65. [PMID: 29720512 PMCID: PMC6055542 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In women, establishment of pregnancy is dependent upon 'fine-tuning' of the endometrial microenvironment, which is mediated by terminal differentiation (decidualisation) of endometrial stromal fibroblasts (ESFs). We have demonstrated that intracrine steroid metabolism plays a key role in regulating decidualisation and is essential for time-dependent expression of key factors required for endometrial receptivity. The primary aim of the current study was to determine whether sulphated steroids can act as precursors to bioactive sex steroids during decidualisation. We used primary human ESF and a robust in vitro model of decidualisation to assess the expression of genes associated with sulphation, desulphation and transport of sulphated steroids in human ESF as well as the impact of the steroid sulphatase (STS) inhibitor STX64 (Irosustat). We found evidence for an increase in both expression and activity of STS in response to a decidualisation stimulus with abrogation of oestrone biosynthesis and decreased secretion of the decidualisation marker IGFBP1 in the presence of STX64. These results provide novel insight into the contribution of STS to the intracrine regulation of decidualisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Gibson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh, QMRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul A Foster
- Institute of Metabolism & Systems ResearchUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Ioannis Simitsidellis
- MRC Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh, QMRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hilary O D Critchley
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthThe University of Edinburgh, QMRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Olympia Kelepouri
- MRC Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh, QMRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Frances Collins
- MRC Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh, QMRI, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philippa T K Saunders
- MRC Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of Edinburgh, QMRI, Edinburgh, UK
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Association of MTNR1A and CYP19 genes polymorphisms with sperm quality and testicular size in Sanjabi breed rams. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2018-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify mutations in melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) and aromatase cytochrome P450 (CYP19) genes using PCR-RFLP technique and their associations with sperm quality and testicular size traits in Sanjabi breed rams. The blood and sperm samples were collected from Sanjabi rams (n = 96). Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood. A 824bp fragment from exon II of MTNR1A gene and a 517bp fragment from promoter 2 (P2) of CYP19 gene were amplified using two pairs of specific primers. The PCR products were separately digested by two restriction enzymes, SsiI for MTNR1A locus and DraI for CYP19 locus. Digestion by SsiI restriction enzyme resulted in CC, CA and AA genotypes with frequency of 0.45, 0.41 and 0.14, respectively. However, digestion of 517bp fragment of CYP19 gene by DraI endonuclease determined two AG and AA genotypes with frequency 0.89 and 0.11, respectively. The Chi-square test proved that the two loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The significant effect was observed between different genotypes of MTNR1A gene and morphological trait (P<0.05) and there was a significant association between different genotypes of CYP19 gene and scrotal circumference trait (P<0.05). The results of this study indicated that polymorphisms of MTNR1A and CYP19 genes were not associated with most traits of sperm quality and testicular sizes. Therefore, it seems that further studies are needed to identify mutations in other regions of these genes and other genes responsible to genomic regions for the sperm quality and testicular size in Sanjabi ram in order to improve fertility in these herds.
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69
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Shoombuatong W, Schaduangrat N, Nantasenamat C. Towards understanding aromatase inhibitory activity via QSAR modeling. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:688-708. [PMID: 30190660 PMCID: PMC6123608 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aromatase is a rate-limiting enzyme for estrogen biosynthesis that is overproduced in breast cancer tissue. To block the growth of breast tumors, aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are employed to bind and inhibit aromatase in order to lower the amount of estrogen produced in the body. Although a number of synthetic aromatase inhibitors have been released for clinical use in the treatment of hormone-receptor positive breast cancer, these inhibitors may lead to undesirable side effects (e.g. increased rash, diarrhea and vomiting; effects on the bone, brain and heart) and therefore, the search for novel AIs continues. Over the past decades, there has been an intense effort in employing medicinal chemistry and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) to shed light on the mechanistic basis of aromatase inhibition. To the best of our knowledge, this article constitutes the first comprehensive review of all QSAR studies of both steroidal and non-steroidal AIs that have been published in the field. Herein, we summarize the experimental setup of these studies as well as summarizing the key features that are pertinent for robust aromatase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watshara Shoombuatong
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Nalini Schaduangrat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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Honjo K, Hamada T, Yoshimura T, Yokoyama S, Yamada S, Tan YQ, Leung LK, Nakamura N, Ohi Y, Higashi M, Tanimoto A. PCP4/PEP19 upregulates aromatase gene expression via CYP19A1 promoter I.1 in human breast cancer SK-BR-3 cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29619-29633. [PMID: 30038708 PMCID: PMC6049867 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Purkinje cell protein 4/peptide 19 (PCP4/PEP19) is a novel breast cancer cell expressing peptide, originally found in the neural cells as an anti-apoptotic factor, could inhibit cell apoptosis and enhance cell migration and invasion in human breast cancer cell lines. The expression of PCP4/PEP19 is induced by estrogens in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF-7 cells but also highly expressed in ER- SK-BR-3 cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of PCP4/PEP19 on aromatase gene expression in MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cells. In SK-BR-3 cells but not in MCF-7 cells, PCP4/PEP19 knockdown by siRNA silencing decreased the aromatase expression in gene transcriptional level. When PCP4/PEP19 was overexpressed by CMV promoter-driven PCP4/PEP19 expressing plasmid transfection, aromatase gene transcription increased in SK-BR-3 cells. This aromatase gene transcription is mainly mediated through promoter region PI.1, which is usually active in the placental tissue but not in the breast cancer tissue. These results indicate a new function of PCP4/PEP19 that would enhance aromatase gene upregulation to supply estrogens in heterogeneous cancer microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kie Honjo
- Department of Oral Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Taiji Hamada
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshimura
- Department of Oral Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Seiya Yokoyama
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yan-Qin Tan
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Food and Nutritional Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Lai K Leung
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Food and Nutritional Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Norifumi Nakamura
- Department of Oral Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Ohi
- Department of Pathology, Sagara Hospital, Social Medical Corporation Hakuaikai, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Michiyo Higashi
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihide Tanimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Ghosh D, Egbuta C, Lo J. Testosterone complex and non-steroidal ligands of human aromatase. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 181:11-19. [PMID: 29476820 PMCID: PMC5997392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 aromatase (AROM) catalyzes the biosynthesis of estrogen from androgen. Previously crystal structures of human AROM in complex with the substrate androstenedione, and inhibitors exemestane, as well as the newly designed steroidal compounds, have been reported. Here we report the first crystal structure of testosterone complex of human placental AROM. Testosterone binds at the androgen-specific heme distal pocket. The polar and hydrophobic interactions with the surrounding residues resemble the interactions observed for other ligands. The heme proximal region comprises the intermolecular interface in AROM, and also the putative interaction surface of its redox partner cytochrome P450 reductase. Unreported previously, the proximal region is characterized by a large surface cavity, unlike most known P450's. Using five best X-ray data sets from androstenedione and testosterone complexes of AROM, we now unequivocally show the presence of an unexplained ligand electron density inside the proximal cavity. The density is interpreted as ordered five ethylene glycol units of polyethylene glycols used as a solvent for steroids and also in crystallization. Interestingly, polyethylene glycol exhibits weak inhibition of AROM enzyme activity in a time dependent manner. Besides its critical role in the redox partner coupling and electron transfer process, the proximal cavity possibly serves as the interaction site for other molecules that may have regulatory effects on AROM activity. In addition, the new data also reveal a previously unidentified water channel linking the active site to the lipid interface. The channel could be the predicted passage for water molecules involved in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210 United States.
| | - Chinaza Egbuta
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210 United States
| | - Jessica Lo
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210 United States
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72
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Wang X, Wang GC, Rong J, Wang SW, Ng TB, Zhang YB, Lee KF, Zheng L, Wong HK, Yung KKL, Sze SCW. Identification of Steroidogenic Components Derived From Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Potentially Useful for Treating Postmenopausal Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:390. [PMID: 29899696 PMCID: PMC5989419 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-stimulating principles have been demonstrated to relieve postmenopausal syndrome effectively. Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (GJE) is an herbal medicine possessing multiple pharmacological effects on human health with low toxicity. However, the therapeutic effects of GJE on the management of postmenopausal syndrome and its mechanism of action have not been fully elucidated. In this study, network pharmacology-based approaches were employed to examine steroidogenesis under the influence of GJE. In addition, the possibility of toxicity of GJE was ruled out and four probable active compounds were predicted. In parallel, a chromatographic fraction of GJE with estrogen-stimulating effect was identified and nine major compounds were isolated from this active fraction. Among the nine compounds, four of them were identified by network pharmacology, validating the use of network pharmacology to predict active compounds. Then the phenotypic approaches were utilized to verify that rutin, chlorogenic acid (CGA) and geniposidic acid (GA) exerted an estrogen-stimulating effect on ovarian granulosa cells. Furthermore, the results of target-based approaches indicated that rutin, CGA, and GA could up-regulate the FSHR-aromatase pathway in ovarian granulosa cells. The stimulation of estrogen production by rat ovarian granulosa cells under the influence of the three compounds underwent a decline when the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) was blocked by antibodies against the receptor, indicating the involvement of FSHR in the estradiol-stimulating activity of the three compounds. The effects of the three compounds on estrogen biosynthesis- related gene expression level were further confirmed by Western blot assay. Importantly, the MTT results showed that exposure of breast cancer cells to the three compounds resulted in reduction of cell viability, demonstrating the cytotoxicity of the three compounds. Collectively, rutin, chlorogenic acid and geniposidic acid may contribute to the therapeutic potential of GJE for the treatment of postmenopausal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guo-Cai Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Rong
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shi Wei Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Bo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Fai Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hei-Kiu Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ken Kin Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen Cho Wing Sze
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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73
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Gucalp A, Zhou XK, Cook ED, Garber JE, Crew KD, Nangia JR, Bhardwaj P, Giri DD, Elemento O, Verma A, Wang H, Lee JJ, Vornik LA, Mays C, Weber D, Sepeda V, O'Kane H, Krasne M, Williams S, Morris PG, Heckman-Stoddard BM, Dunn BK, Hudis CA, Brown PH, Dannenberg AJ. A Randomized Multicenter Phase II Study of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Patients with a History of Breast Cancer, Premalignant Lesions, or Benign Breast Disease. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:203-214. [PMID: 29453232 PMCID: PMC6290902 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, a cause of subclinical inflammation, is a risk factor for the development of postmenopausal breast cancer and is associated with poorer cancer outcomes. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid, possesses anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that treatment with DHA would reduce the expression of proinflammatory genes and aromatase, the rate-limiting enzyme for estrogen biosynthesis, in benign breast tissue of overweight/obese women. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase II study of DHA given for 12 weeks to overweight/obese women with a history of stage I-III breast cancer, DCIS/LCIS, Paget's disease, or proliferative benign breast disease was carried out. In this placebo controlled trial, the primary objective was to determine whether DHA (1,000 mg by mouth twice daily) reduced breast tissue levels of TNFα. Secondary objectives included evaluation of the effect of DHA on breast tissue levels of COX-2, IL1β, aromatase, white adipose tissue inflammation, and gene expression by RNA-seq. Red blood cell fatty acid levels were measured to assess compliance. From July 2013 to November 2015, 64 participants were randomized and treated on trial (32 women per arm). Increased levels of omega-3 fatty acids in red blood cells were detected following treatment with DHA (P < 0.001) but not placebo. Treatment with DHA did not alter levels of TNFα (P = 0.71), or other biomarkers including the transcriptome in breast samples. Treatment with DHA was overall well-tolerated. Although compliance was confirmed, we did not observe changes in the levels of prespecified biomarkers in the breast after treatment with DHA when compared with placebo. Cancer Prev Res; 11(4); 203-14. ©2018 AACRSee related editorial by Fabian and Kimler, p. 187.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Gucalp
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Xi K Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Elise D Cook
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine D Crew
- Departments of Medicine/Epidemiology, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Julie R Nangia
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Priya Bhardwaj
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Dilip D Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics/Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics/Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Hanhan Wang
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - J Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lana A Vornik
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carrie Mays
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Diane Weber
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Valerie Sepeda
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Holly O'Kane
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Margaret Krasne
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samantha Williams
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Patrick G Morris
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Barbara K Dunn
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clifford A Hudis
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- American Society of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria, Virginia
| | - Powel H Brown
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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74
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Moraga‐Amaro R, van Waarde A, Doorduin J, de Vries EFJ. Sex steroid hormones and brain function: PET imaging as a tool for research. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12565. [PMID: 29237239 PMCID: PMC5838537 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones are major regulators of sexual characteristic among species. These hormones, however, are also produced in the brain. Steroidal hormone-mediated signalling via the corresponding hormone receptors can influence brain function at the cellular level and thus affect behaviour and higher brain functions. Altered steroid hormone signalling has been associated with psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and depression. Neurosteroids are also considered to have a neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative diseases. So far, the role of steroid hormone receptors in physiological and pathological conditions has mainly been investigated post mortem on animal or human brain tissues. To study the dynamic interplay between sex steroids, their receptors, brain function and behaviour in psychiatric and neurological disorders in a longitudinal manner, however, non-invasive techniques are needed. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive imaging tool that is used to quantitatively investigate a variety of physiological and biochemical parameters in vivo. PET uses radiotracers aimed at a specific target (eg, receptor, enzyme, transporter) to visualise the processes of interest. In this review, we discuss the current status of the use of PET imaging for studying sex steroid hormones in the brain. So far, PET has mainly been investigated as a tool to measure (changes in) sex hormone receptor expression in the brain, to measure a key enzyme in the steroid synthesis pathway (aromatase) and to evaluate the effects of hormonal treatment by imaging specific downstream processes in the brain. Although validated radiotracers for a number of targets are still warranted, PET can already be a useful technique for steroid hormone research and facilitate the translation of interesting findings in animal studies to clinical trials in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Moraga‐Amaro
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - A. van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - J. Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - E. F. J. de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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75
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Al-Mukaynizi FB, Alanazi M, Al-Daihan S, Parine NR, Almadi M, Aljebreen A, Azzam N, Alharbi O, Arafah M, Warsy A. CYP19A1 gene polymorphism and colorectal cancer etiology in Saudi population: case-control study. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4559-4567. [PMID: 29066910 PMCID: PMC5604566 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s121557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable interest is directed toward the enzyme aromatase (CYP19A1) and the development of cancer, due to CYP19A1's role in estrogen biosynthesis. Several cancers display excessive intra-tumor accumulation of estrogens, and aromatase inhibitors are used for treatment. The CYP19A1 gene exhibits polymorphism and mutations that can alter its expression or aromatase activity and influence estrogen production. We designed this study to investigate the link between CYP19A1 polymorphism and susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC) development in Saudis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Blood samples from 100 CRC patients and 100 healthy controls were drawn for DNA extractions. Three polymorphic sites, rs4774585, rs936308, and rs4775936, were genotyped using Taqman genotyping by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Allelic and genotype frequencies were calculated and compared in the two groups. RESULTS All single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were polymorphic in Saudis, and comparison of allele frequencies showed several differences when compared to other populations. None of the SNPs were associated with the risk of CRC development in Saudis (P>0.05). Some gender and location (colon or rectal) differences were observed. DISCUSSION The results of this study highlighted the genetic heterogeneity existing between populations in the prevalence of different SNPs and their relation to disease state. It showed that, although rs4774585, rs936308, and rs4775936 are involved in CRC development in several populations, their role is not significant in the etiology of CRC in Saudis; however, some SNPs do increase susceptibility or resistance to CRC development as judged from the odds ratio. Further large-scale studies are warranted to clarify the role of the CYP19A1 development in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maha Arafah
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine
| | - Arjumand Warsy
- Central Laboratory, Female Center for Scientific & Medical Colleges, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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76
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Udhane SS, Parween S, Kagawa N, Pandey AV. Altered CYP19A1 and CYP3A4 Activities Due to Mutations A115V, T142A, Q153R and P284L in the Human P450 Oxidoreductase. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:580. [PMID: 28970799 PMCID: PMC5609582 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
All cytochromes P450s in the endoplasmic reticulum rely on P450 oxidoreductase (POR) for their catalytic activities. Mutations in POR cause metabolic disorders of steroid hormone biosynthesis and affect certain drug metabolizing P450 activities. We studied mutations A115V, T142A, Q153R identified in the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) binding domain of POR that interacts with partner proteins and P284L located in the hinge region that is required for flexibility and domain movements in POR. Human wild-type (WT) and mutant POR as well as CYP3A4 and CYP19A1 proteins in recombinant form were expressed in bacteria, and purified proteins were reconstituted in liposomes for enzyme kinetic assays. Quality of POR protein was checked by cytochrome c reduction assay as well as flavin content measurements. We found that proteins carrying mutations A115V, T142A located close to the FMN binding site had reduced flavin content compared to WT POR and lost almost all activity to metabolize androstenedione via CYP19A1 and showed reduced CYP3A4 activity. The variant P284L identified from apparently normal subjects also had severe loss of both CYP19A1 and CYP3A4 activities, indicating this to be a potentially disease causing mutation. The mutation Q153R initially identified in a patient with disordered steroidogenesis showed remarkably increased activities of both CYP19A1 and CYP3A4 without any significant change in flavin content, indicating improved protein–protein interactions between POR Q153R and some P450 proteins. These results indicate that effects of mutations on activities of individual cytochromes P450 can be variable and a detailed analysis of each variant with different partner proteins is necessary to accurately determine the genotype-phenotype correlations of POR variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer S Udhane
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and MetabolismUniversity Children's Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Shaheena Parween
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and MetabolismUniversity Children's Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Norio Kagawa
- School of Medicine, Nagoya UniversityNagoya, Japan
| | - Amit V Pandey
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and MetabolismUniversity Children's Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
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77
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Lessey BA, Kim JJ. Endometrial receptivity in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis: it is affected, and let me show you why. Fertil Steril 2017; 108:19-27. [PMID: 28602477 PMCID: PMC5629018 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endometrium maintains complex controls on proliferation and apoptosis as part of repetitive menstrual cycles that prepare the endometrium for the window of implantation and pregnancy. The reliance on inflammatory mechanisms for both implantation and menstruation creates the opportunity in the setting of endometriosis for establishment of chronic inflammation that is disruptive to endometrial receptivity, causing both infertility and abnormal bleeding. Clinically, there can be little doubt that the endometrium of women with endometriosis is less receptive to embryo implantation, and strong evidence exists to suggest that endometrial changes are associated with decreased cycle fecundity as a result of this disease. Here we provide unifying concepts regarding those changes and how they are coordinated to promote progesterone resistance and estrogen dominance through aberrant cell signaling pathways and reduced expression of key homeostatic proteins in eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Lessey
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Greenville Health System, Greenville, South Carolina.
| | - J Julie Kim
- Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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78
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Cirelli E, De Domenico E, Botti F, Massoud R, Geremia R, Grimaldi P. Effect Of Microgravity On Aromatase Expression In Sertoli Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3469. [PMID: 28615629 PMCID: PMC5471225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450-aromatase catalyzes estrogen biosynthesis from C19 steroids. In the testis, Sertoli cells express P450-aromatase and represent the primary source of estrogen during prepuberal age. This study focused on the effect of simulated microgravity (SM) on aromatase expression in primary mouse Sertoli cells. When cultured in Rotary Cell Culture System (RCCS), Sertoli cells, formed multicellular three dimensional spheroids (3D). Biological properties were first analyzed in terms of viability, cell cycle, expression of cytoskeletal components and growth factors in comparison to Sertoli cells cultured in spheroids at unit gravity (G). SM did not affect cell viability and proliferation, nor expression of the main cytoskeleton proteins and of growth factors like Kit Ligand (KL) and glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). On the other hand, SM caused a strong increase in P450 aromatase mRNA and protein expression. Interestingly, P450-aromatase was no more inducible by 8-Br-cAMP. The presence of a functional aromatase was confirmed by enrichment of 17β-estradiol released in the medium by androgen precursors. We concluded that SM causes a significant upregulation of aromatase gene expression in Sertoli cells, leading to a consequent increase in 17β-estradiol secretion. High level of 17β-estradiol in the testis could have potentially adverse effects on male fertility and testicular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cirelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela De Domenico
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Botti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Massoud
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Geremia
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Grimaldi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Morselli E, Santos RS, Criollo A, Nelson MD, Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. The effects of oestrogens and their receptors on cardiometabolic health. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2017; 13:352-364. [PMID: 28304393 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in developed countries. The incidence of CVD is sexually dimorphic, and research has focused on the contribution of sex steroids to the development and progression of the cardiometabolic syndrome, which is defined as a clustering of interrelated risk factors that promote the development of atherosclerosis (which can lead to CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data are inconclusive as to how sex steroids and their respective receptors increase or suppress the risk of developing the cardiometabolic syndrome and thus CVD. In this Review, we discuss the potential role, or roles, of sex hormones in cardiometabolic health by first focusing on the influence of oestrogens and their receptors on the risk of developing cardiometabolic syndrome and CVD. We also highlight what is known about testosterone and its potential role in protecting against the development of the cardiometabolic syndrome and CVD. Given the inconclusive nature of the data regarding the direct effects of each sex hormone, we advocate and highlight the importance of studying the relative levels and the ratio of sex hormones to each other, as well as the use of cross sex hormone therapy and its effect on cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Roberta S Santos
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas 1, 3083-864, Brazil
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Research, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Michael D Nelson
- Applied Physiology and Advanced Imaging Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - Biff F Palmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Cedars-Sinai Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Research, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
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Cavalieri EL, Rogan EG. Etiology and prevention of prevalent types of cancer. JOURNAL OF RARE DISEASES RESEARCH & TREATMENT 2017; 2:22-29. [PMID: 30854528 PMCID: PMC6404759 DOI: 10.29245/2572-9411/2017/3.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous estrogens become carcinogens when excessive catechol estrogen quinone metabolites are formed. Specifically, the catechol estrogen-3,4-quinones can react with DNA to produce a large amount of specific depurinating estrogen-DNA adducts, formed at the N-3 of Ade and N-7 of Gua. Loss of these adducts leaves apurinic sites in the DNA, which can generate subsequent cancer-initiating mutations. Unbalanced estrogen metabolism yields excessive catechol estrogen-3,4-quinones, increasing formation of the depurinating estrogen-DNA adducts and the risk of initiating cancer. Evidence for this mechanism of cancer initiation comes from studies in vitro, in cell culture, in animal models and in human subjects. High levels of estrogen-DNA adducts have been observed in women with breast, ovarian or thyroid cancer, and in men with prostate cancer or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Observation of high levels of depurinating estrogen-DNA adducts in high risk women before the presence of breast cancer indicates that adduct formation is a critical factor in breast cancer initiation. Two dietary supplements, N-acetylcysteine and resveratrol, complement each other in reducing formation of catechol estrogen-3,4-quinones and inhibiting formation of estrogen-DNA adducts in cultured human and mouse breast epithelial cells. They also inhibit malignant transformation of these epithelial cells. In addition, formation of adducts was reduced in women who followed a Healthy Breast Protocol that includes N-acetylcysteine and resveratrol. Blocking initiation of cancer prevents promotion, progression and development of the disease. These results suggest that reducing formation of depurinating estrogen-DNA adducts can reduce the risk of developing a variety of types of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercole L. Cavalieri
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4388, USA
| | - Eleanor G. Rogan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4388, USA
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81
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Hertz DL, Henry NL, Rae JM. Germline genetic predictors of aromatase inhibitor concentrations, estrogen suppression and drug efficacy and toxicity in breast cancer patients. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:481-499. [PMID: 28346074 PMCID: PMC6219438 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs), anastrozole, letrozole and exemestane, are highly effective for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. AIs inhibit the aromatase (CYP19A1)-mediated production of estrogens. Most patients taking AIs achieve undetectable blood estrogen concentrations resulting in drug efficacy with tolerable side effects. However, some patients have suboptimal outcomes, which may be due, in part, to inherited germline genetic variants. This review summarizes published germline genetic associations with AI treatment outcomes including systemic AI concentrations, estrogenic response to AIs, AI treatment efficacy and AI treatment toxicities. Significant associations are highlighted with commentary about prioritization for future validation to identify pharmacogenetic predictors of AI treatment outcomes that can be used to inform personalized treatment decisions in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Hertz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
| | - N Lynn Henry
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA
| | - James M Rae
- Breast Oncology Program, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1065, USA
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Wang HH, Cui Q, Zhang T, Guo L, Dong MZ, Hou Y, Wang ZB, Shen W, Ma JY, Sun QY. Removal of mouse ovary fat pad affects sex hormones, folliculogenesis and fertility. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:155-164. [PMID: 27821469 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As a fat storage organ, adipose tissue is distributed widely all over the body and is important for energy supply, body temperature maintenance, organ protection, immune regulation and so on. In humans, both underweight and overweight women find it hard to become pregnant, which suggests that appropriate fat storage can guarantee the female reproductive capacity. In fact, a large mass of adipose tissue distributes around the reproductive system both in the male and female. However, the functions of ovary fat pad (the nearest adipose tissue to ovary) are not known. In our study, we found that the ovary fat pad-removed female mice showed decreased fertility and less ovulated mature eggs. We further identified that only a small proportion of follicles developed to antral follicle, and many follicles were blocked at the secondary follicle stage. The overall secretion levels of estrogen and FSH were lower in the whole estrus cycle (especially at proestrus); however, the LH level was higher in ovary fat pad-removed mice than that in control groups. Moreover, the estrus cycle of ovary fat pad-removed mice showed significant disorder. Besides, the expression of FSH receptor decreased, but the LH receptor increased in ovary fat pad-removed mice. These results suggest that ovary fat pad is important for mouse reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hui Wang
- College of Life SciencesQingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Reproductive SciencesKey Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Cui
- Institute of Reproductive SciencesKey Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Reproductive SciencesKey Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Dong
- College of Life SciencesQingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Reproductive SciencesKey Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Institute of Reproductive SciencesKey Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun-Yu Ma
- Laboratory for Germ Cell MetabolismCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- College of Life SciencesQingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Reproductive SciencesKey Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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83
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Au CC, Furness JB, Brown KA. Ghrelin and Breast Cancer: Emerging Roles in Obesity, Estrogen Regulation, and Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 6:265. [PMID: 28119851 PMCID: PMC5220482 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Local and systemic factors have been shown to drive the growth of breast cancer cells in postmenopausal obese women, who have increased risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Estrogens, produced locally in the breast fat by the enzyme aromatase, have an important role in promoting cancer cell proliferation. Ghrelin, a 28-amino acid peptide hormone, may also influence cancer growth. This peptide is produced in the stomach and acts centrally to regulate appetite and growth hormone release. Circulating levels of ghrelin, and its unacylated form, des-acyl ghrelin, are almost always inversely correlated with obesity, and these peptide hormones have recently been shown to inhibit adipose tissue aromatase expression. Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin have also been shown to be produced by some tumor cells and influence tumor growth. The ghrelin/des-acyl ghrelin–cancer axis is complex, one reason being that tumor cells have been shown to express splice variants of ghrelin, and ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin might act at receptors other than the cognate ghrelin receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a, in tumors. Effects of ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin on energy homeostasis may also affect tumor development and growth. This review will summarize our current understanding of the role of ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin in hormone-dependent cancers, breast cancer in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- CheukMan Cherie Au
- Metabolism and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - John B Furness
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , Parkville, VIC , Australia
| | - Kristy A Brown
- Metabolism and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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84
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Wang SW, Wu FH, Zhang YB, Zhang L, Su J, Wong HK, Liu AH, Cheung HP, Ng TB, Tong Y, Sze SCW. Ameliorating effect of Erxian decoction combined with Fructus Schisandrae chinensis (Wu Wei Zi) on menopausal sweating and serum hormone profiles in a rat model. Chin Med 2016; 11:47. [PMID: 27895702 PMCID: PMC5118901 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Modified Erxian decoction (MEXD), i.e., Erxian decoction (EXD) with Fructus Schisandrae chinensis (Wu Wei Zi) added, has been used to alleviate menopausal symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MEXD on menopausal sweating and serum hormone levels in a rat model of menopause after oral administration of MEXD. Methods Quality control of MEXD was conducted by employing a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography column. The three treatment groups received oral administration of MEXD in 0.5% sodium carboxylmethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) at three different doses (5.5, 11, and 22 g/kg body weight) once-daily for 6 consecutive weeks, with 10 animals per group. Huangqijing oral liquor (5 mL/kg) prepared from the roots of Huang qi (Astragalus membranaceus) with an antiperspirant effect was used as a positive control. The negative control group received the same volume of vehicle (0.5% CMC-Na). Ten 3-month-old Sprague–Dawley rats were used as a young group for comparison with the treatment groups (12–14 months old rats). Blood was collected from all animals after 3–6 weeks of treatment. At the end of the treatment, the uterine weight, ovarian weight, and body weight were recorded. Serum malondialdehyde contents and superoxide dismutase activities were determined by thiobarbituric acid colorimetric assays and chemoluminescence assays, respectively. Serum levels of estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone were measured by radioimmunoassays. Rat foot pad assays were used to determine the antiperspirant activity of MEXD and histological examinations were conducted on plantar sweat glands. Results Treatment with MEXD (11 g/kg) significantly inhibited sweat excretion in the menopause model rats after treatment for 3 (P = 0.0026) and 6 (P < 0.0001) weeks. The decoction markedly decreased the number of secretory cells in plantar sweat glands. In addition, MEXD (11 g/kg) significantly increased the serum estradiol levels (P < 0.001) and superoxide dismutase activities (P = 0.0405). Furthermore, MEXD (11 g/kg) markedly decreased the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (P = 0.001), luteinizing hormone (P = 0.0213), and malondialdehyde (P = 0.01). Conclusion Modified Erxian decoction significantly inhibited sweat excretion, regulated serum levels of pituitary gonadotropins and estradiol, and exhibited antioxidative effects in a rat model of menopause. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13020-016-0117-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Wei Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Fei Hua Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Bo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jing Su
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hei Kei Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ai Hua Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR ; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ho Pan Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yao Tong
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Stephen Cho Wing Sze
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
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Rocha JS, Bonkowski MS, França LR, Bartke A. Mild Calorie Restriction Does Not Affect Testosterone Levels and Testicular Gene Expression in Mutant Mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 232:1050-63. [PMID: 17720951 DOI: 10.3181/0703-rm-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and the somatotropic axis are influenced by nutritional factors. Calorie restriction (CR) extends lifespan but suppresses both the HPG and the somatotropic axes. Since most CR studies use a fairly severe (40%–60%) reduction of calorie intake, we hypothesized that a milder CR (20%) might not be deleterious to reproduction in male mice. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the effects of 20% CR on testicular testosterone content and on testicular expression of genes that are relevant to testicular function and reproductive competence, including insulin-like growth factor-I, cytochrome P450 aromatase (Cyp19a1), androgen receptor, luteinizing hormone receptor, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor, cytochrome P450c17 and 3-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase. To relate CR effects to the activity of the somatotropic axis, we have used growth hormone–resistant GHR knockout mice as well as transgenic mice overexpressing GH. Mild CR did not affect testosterone levels in testis homogenates and had little effect on expression of the examined genes in the reproductive organs. Altered activity of the GH/insulin-like growth factor–1 axis had a major impact on the parameters analyzed. The results also suggest that expression of several key genes involved in the control of testicular function is preserved under conditions of mild CR and encourage speculation that mild regimens of CR can produce longevity benefits without impairing reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S Rocha
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Avenue Antonio Carlos 6627, Pampulha Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
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86
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Lau ESW, Zhang Z, Qin M, Ge W. Knockout of Zebrafish Ovarian Aromatase Gene (cyp19a1a) by TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 Leads to All-male Offspring Due to Failed Ovarian Differentiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37357. [PMID: 27876832 PMCID: PMC5120357 DOI: 10.1038/srep37357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual or gonadal differentiation is a complex event and its mechanism remains elusive in teleosts. Despite its complexity and plasticity, the process of ovarian differentiation is believed to involve gonadal aromatase (cyp19a1a) in nearly all species studied. However, most data concerning the role of aromatase have come from gene expression analysis or studies involving pharmacological approaches. There has been a lack of genetic evidence for the importance of aromatase in gonadal differentiation, especially the timing when the enzyme starts to exert its effect. This is due to the lack of appropriate loss-of-function approaches in fish models for studying gene functions. This situation has changed recently with the development of genome editing technologies, namely TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9. Using both TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9, we successfully established three mutant zebrafish lines lacking the ovarian aromatase. As expected, all mutant fish were males, supporting the view that aromatase plays a critical role in directing ovarian differentiation and development. Further analysis showed that the ovarian aromatase did not seem to affect the formation of so-called juvenile ovary and oocyte-like germ cells; however, it was essential for further differentiation of the juvenile ovary into the true ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Shuk-Wa Lau
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Mingming Qin
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wei Ge
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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87
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Downregulation of microRNA-27b-3p enhances tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer by increasing NR5A2 and CREB1 expression. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2454. [PMID: 27809310 PMCID: PMC5260890 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen-dependent breast cancer is often treated with the aromatase inhibitors or estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists. Tamoxifen as a major ER antagonist is usually used to treat those patients with ERα-positive breast cancer. However, a majority of patients with ERα positive fail to respond to tamoxifen due to the presence of intrinsic or acquired resistance to the drug. Altered expression and functions of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reportedly associated with tamoxifen resistance. In this study, we investigated the role of miR-27b-3p in resistance of breast cancer to tamoxifen. MiR-27b-3p levels were remarkably reduced in the tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells compared with their parental cells. In addition, miR-27b-3p was also significantly downregulated in breast tumor tissues relative to adjacent non-tumor tissues. Moreover, the expression levels of miR-27b-3p were lower in the breast cancer tissues from tamoxifen-resistant patients compared with that from untreated-tamoxifen patients. Notably, tamoxifen repressed miR-27b-3p expression, whereas estrogen induced miR-27b-3p expression in breast cancer cells. Besides, we provided experimental evidences that miR-27b-3p enhances the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to tamoxifen in vitro and in vivo models. More importantly, we validated that miR-27b-3p directly targeted and inhibited the expression of nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 (NR5A2) and cAMP-response element binding protein 1 (CREB1) and therefore augmented tamoxifen-induced cytotoxicity in breast cancer. Lastly, miR-27b-3p levels were found to be significantly negatively correlated with both NR5A2 and CREB1 levels in breast cancer tissues. Our findings provided further evidence that miR-27b-3p might be considered as a novel and potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
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88
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Kumavath R, Azad M, Devarapalli P, Tiwari S, Kar S, Barh D, Azevedo V, Kumar AP. Novel aromatase inhibitors selection using induced fit docking and extra precision methods: Potential clinical use in ER-alpha-positive breast cancer. Bioinformation 2016; 12:324-331. [PMID: 28293075 PMCID: PMC5320928 DOI: 10.6026/97320630012324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatase (CYP19A1) the key enzyme of estrogen biosynthesis, is often deregulated in breast cancer patients. It catalyzes the conversion of androgen to estrogen, thus responsible for production of estrogen in human body. However, it causes over-production of estrogen which eventually leads to proliferation of breast cancer cells. Identification of new small molecule inhibitors targeted against CYP19A1 therefore, facilitates to increase drug sensitivity of cancer cells. In this scenario, the present study aims to identify new molecules which could block or suppress the activity of aromatase enzyme by molecular docking studies using Schrödinger-Maestro v9.3. In this study we used in silico approach by modeling CYP19A1 protein the strcture was subjected to protein preparation wizard; to add hydrogen and optimize the protonation states of Thr310 and Ser478 and Asp309 residues. Active site of the CYP19A1 protein was identified using SiteMap tool of Scchrodinger package. We further carried out docking studies by means of Glid, with various ligands. Based on glid score, potential ligands were screeened and their interaction with CYP19A1 was identified. The best hits were further screened for Lipinski's rule for drug-likeliness and bioactivity scoring properties. Thus, we report two rubivivaxin and rhodethrin compounds that have successfully satisfied all in silico parameters, necessitating further in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences,Central University of Kerala, Padannakad P.O., Kasaragod-671314, Kerala, India
| | - Manan Azad
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences,Central University of Kerala, Padannakad P.O., Kasaragod-671314, Kerala, India
| | - Pratap Devarapalli
- Department of Genomic Science, School of Biological Sciences,Central University of Kerala, Padannakad P.O., Kasaragod-671314, Kerala, India
| | - Sandeep Tiwari
- Instituto de CiênciasBiológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. MG,Brazil
| | - Shreya Kar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore-117599
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri-721172, PurbaMedinipur, West Bengal, India
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Instituto de CiênciasBiológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. MG,Brazil
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore-117599
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore-119074
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton-762035017, Texas, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore-117600
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bently, Western Australia-6102
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89
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Abstract
The skin is an important extra-gonadal steroidogenic organ, capable of metabolizing various hormones from their precursors, as well as of synthesizing de novo a broad palette of sex steroids and glucocorticoids from cholesterol. In this manuscript, we review the major steroidogenic properties of human skin and we suggest steroidogenesis' impairment as a cardinal factor for various pathological conditions such as acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, and androgenic alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Nikolakis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Auenweg 38, 06847, Dessau, Germany.
| | | | - Theodora Kanaki
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Auenweg 38, 06847, Dessau, Germany
| | - Andrej Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Auenweg 38, 06847, Dessau, Germany
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90
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Perkins EJ, Antczak P, Burgoon L, Falciani F, Garcia-Reyero N, Gutsell S, Hodges G, Kienzler A, Knapen D, McBride M, Willett C. Adverse Outcome Pathways for Regulatory Applications: Examination of Four Case Studies With Different Degrees of Completeness and Scientific Confidence. Toxicol Sci 2016; 148:14-25. [PMID: 26500288 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) offer a pathway-based toxicological framework to support hazard assessment and regulatory decision-making. However, little has been discussed about the scientific confidence needed, or how complete a pathway should be, before use in a specific regulatory application. Here we review four case studies to explore the degree of scientific confidence and extent of completeness (in terms of causal events) that is required for an AOP to be useful for a specific purpose in a regulatory application: (i) Membrane disruption (Narcosis) leading to respiratory failure (low confidence), (ii) Hepatocellular proliferation leading to cancer (partial pathway, moderate confidence), (iii) Covalent binding to proteins leading to skin sensitization (high confidence), and (iv) Aromatase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction in fish (high confidence). Partially complete AOPs with unknown molecular initiating events, such as 'Hepatocellular proliferation leading to cancer', were found to be valuable. We demonstrate that scientific confidence in these pathways can be increased though the use of unconventional information (eg, computational identification of potential initiators). AOPs at all levels of confidence can contribute to specific uses. A significant statistical or quantitative relationship between events and/or the adverse outcome relationships is a common characteristic of AOPs, both incomplete and complete, that have specific regulatory uses. For AOPs to be useful in a regulatory context they must be at least as useful as the tools that regulators currently possess, or the techniques currently employed by regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Perkins
- *Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg Mississippi;
| | - Philipp Antczak
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3BX, UK
| | - Lyle Burgoon
- *Environmental Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg Mississippi
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3BX, UK
| | - Natàlia Garcia-Reyero
- Mississippi State University, Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Starkville, Mississippi
| | - Steve Gutsell
- Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Geoff Hodges
- Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Aude Kienzler
- JRC Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Ispra, Italy
| | - Dries Knapen
- University of Antwerp, Zebrafishlab, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Mary McBride
- Agilent Technologies, Washington, District of Columbia; and
| | - Catherine Willett
- The Humane Society of the United States, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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91
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Droog M, Mensink M, Zwart W. The Estrogen Receptor α-Cistrome Beyond Breast Cancer. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:1046-1058. [PMID: 27489947 DOI: 10.1210/me.2016-1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many tissues express estrogen receptor (ER)α, most studies focus on breast cancer where ERα occupies just a small fraction of its total repertoire of potential DNA-binding sites, based on sequence. This raises the question: Can ERα occupy these other potential binding sites in a different context? Ligands, splice variants, posttranslational modifications, and acquired mutations of ERα affect its conformation, which may alter chromatin interactions. To date, literature describes the DNA-binding sites of ERα (the ERα cistrome) in breast, endometrium, liver, and bone, in which the receptor mainly binds to enhancers. Chromosomal boundaries provide distinct areas for dynamic gene regulation between tissues, where the usage of enhancers deviates. Interactions of ERα with enhancers and its transcriptional complex depend on the proteome, which differs per cell type. This review discusses the biological variables that influence ERα cistromics, using reports from human specimens, cell lines, and mouse tissues, to assess whether ERα genomics in breast cancer can be translated to other tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Droog
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Mensink
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Subbaramaiah K, Brown KA, Zahid H, Balmus G, Weiss RS, Herbert BS, Dannenberg AJ. Hsp90 and PKM2 Drive the Expression of Aromatase in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome Breast Adipose Stromal Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16011-23. [PMID: 27467582 PMCID: PMC4965552 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.698902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) patients harbor germ line mutations in the TP53 gene and are at increased risk of hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. Recently, elevated levels of aromatase, the rate-limiting enzyme for estrogen biosynthesis, were found in the breast tissue of LFS patients. Although p53 down-regulates aromatase expression, the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. In the present study, we found that LFS stromal cells expressed higher levels of Hsp90 ATPase activity and aromatase compared with wild-type stromal cells. Inhibition of Hsp90 ATPase suppressed aromatase expression. Silencing Aha1 (activator of Hsp90 ATPase 1), a co-chaperone of Hsp90 required for its ATPase activity, led to both inhibition of Hsp90 ATPase activity and reduced aromatase expression. In comparison with wild-type stromal cells, increased levels of the Hsp90 client proteins, HIF-1α, and PKM2 were found in LFS stromal cells. A complex comprised of HIF-1α and PKM2 was recruited to the aromatase promoter II in LFS stromal cells. Silencing either HIF-1α or PKM2 suppressed aromatase expression in LFS stromal cells. CP-31398, a p53 rescue compound, suppressed levels of Aha1, Hsp90 ATPase activity, levels of PKM2 and HIF-1α, and aromatase expression in LFS stromal cells. Consistent with these in vitro findings, levels of Hsp90 ATPase activity, Aha1, HIF-1α, PKM2, and aromatase were increased in the mammary glands of p53 null versus wild-type mice. PKM2 and HIF-1α were shown to co-localize in the nucleus of stromal cells of LFS breast tissue. Taken together, our results show that the Aha1-Hsp90-PKM2/HIF-1α axis mediates the induction of aromatase in LFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotha Subbaramaiah
- From the Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065,
| | - Kristy A Brown
- the Metabolism and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Heba Zahid
- the Metabolism and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, the Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gabriel Balmus
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, and
| | - Robert S Weiss
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, and
| | - Brittney-Shea Herbert
- the Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Andrew J Dannenberg
- From the Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065
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93
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Zhao H, Zhou L, Shangguan AJ, Bulun SE. Aromatase expression and regulation in breast and endometrial cancer. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 57:R19-33. [PMID: 27067638 PMCID: PMC5519084 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to excess estrogen increases the risk of breast cancer and type 1 endometrial cancer. Most of the estrogen in premenopausal women is synthesized by the ovaries, while extraovarian subcutaneous adipose tissue is the predominant tissue source of estrogen after menopause. Estrogen and its metabolites can cause hyperproliferation and neoplastic transformation of breast and endometrial cells via increased proliferation and DNA damage. Several genetically modified mouse models have been generated to help understand the physiological and pathophysiological roles of aromatase and estrogen in the normal breast and in the development of breast cancers. Aromatase, the key enzyme for estrogen production, is comprised of at least ten partially tissue-selective and alternatively used promoters. These promoters are regulated by distinct signaling pathways to control aromatase expression and estrogen formation via recruitment of various transcription factors to their cis-regulatory elements. A shift in aromatase promoter use from I.4 to I.3/II is responsible for the excess estrogen production seen in fibroblasts surrounding malignant epithelial cells in breast cancers. Targeting these distinct pathways and/or transcription factors to modify aromatase activity may lead to the development of novel therapeutic remedies that inhibit estrogen production in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- Division of Reproductive Science in MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ling Zhou
- Division of Reproductive Science in MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anna Junjie Shangguan
- Division of Reproductive Science in MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Serdar E Bulun
- Division of Reproductive Science in MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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94
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Prange-Kiel J, Dudzinski DA, Pröls F, Glatzel M, Matschke J, Rune GM. Aromatase Expression in the Hippocampus of AD Patients and 5xFAD Mice. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:9802086. [PMID: 27298742 PMCID: PMC4889864 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9802086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies show that 17β-estradiol (E2) protects against Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced neurodegeneration. The E2-synthesizing enzyme aromatase is expressed in healthy hippocampi, but although the hippocampus is severely affected in AD, little is known about the expression of hippocampal aromatase in AD. To better understand the role of hippocampal aromatase in AD, we studied its expression in postmortem material from patients with AD and in a mouse model for AD (5xFAD mice). In human hippocampi, aromatase-immunoreactivity was observed in the vast majority of principal neurons and signal quantification revealed higher expression of aromatase protein in AD patients compared to age- and sex-matched controls. The tissue-specific first exons of aromatase I.f, PII, I.3, and I.6 were detected in hippocampi of controls and AD patients by RT-PCR. In contrast, 3-month-old, female 5xFAD mice showed lower expression of aromatase mRNA and protein (measured by qRT-PCR and semiquantitative immunohistochemistry) than WT controls; no such differences were observed in male mice. Our findings stress the importance of hippocampal aromatase expression in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Prange-Kiel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Danuta A. Dudzinski
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felicitas Pröls
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Matschke
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele M. Rune
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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95
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Simeon S, Spjuth O, Lapins M, Nabu S, Anuwongcharoen N, Prachayasittikul V, Wikberg JES, Nantasenamat C. Origin of aromatase inhibitory activity via proteochemometric modeling. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1979. [PMID: 27190705 PMCID: PMC4868594 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatase, the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of androgen to estrogen, plays an essential role in the development of estrogen-dependent breast cancer. Side effects due to aromatase inhibitors (AIs) necessitate the pursuit of novel inhibitor candidates with high selectivity, lower toxicity and increased potency. Designing a novel therapeutic agent against aromatase could be achieved computationally by means of ligand-based and structure-based methods. For over a decade, we have utilized both approaches to design potential AIs for which quantitative structure–activity relationships and molecular docking were used to explore inhibitory mechanisms of AIs towards aromatase. However, such approaches do not consider the effects that aromatase variants have on different AIs. In this study, proteochemometrics modeling was applied to analyze the interaction space between AIs and aromatase variants as a function of their substructural and amino acid features. Good predictive performance was achieved, as rigorously verified by 10-fold cross-validation, external validation, leave-one-compound-out cross-validation, leave-one-protein-out cross-validation and Y-scrambling tests. The investigations presented herein provide important insights into the mechanisms of aromatase inhibitory activity that could aid in the design of novel potent AIs as breast cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saw Simeon
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Ola Spjuth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Maris Lapins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Sunanta Nabu
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Nuttapat Anuwongcharoen
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Jarl E S Wikberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
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96
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Epigenetic alterations of CYP19A1 gene in Cumulus cells and its relevance to infertility in endometriosis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:1105-13. [PMID: 27167072 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the epigenetic mechanisms responsible for the aberrant aromatase expression (CYP19A1) in Cumulus Cells (CCs) of infertile endometriosis patients. METHOD Cumulus cells were obtained from 24 infertile patients with and without endometriosis who underwent ovarian stimulation for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Expression of CYP19A1 gene was quantified using Reverse Transcription Q-PCR. DNA methylation, histone modifications, and binding of Estrogen Receptor, ERβ to regulatory DNA sequences of CYP19A1 gene were evaluated by Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation (ChIP) assay. RESULTS CYP19A1 gene expression in CCs of endometriosis patients was significantly lower than the control group (P = 0.04). Higher incorporation of MeCP2 (as a marker of DNA methylation) on PII and PI.4 promoters, and hypoacetylation at H3K9 in PII and hypermethylation at H3K9 in PI.4 were observed in CYP19A1 gene in endometriosis patients (P < 0.05). Moreover, a decreased level of ERβ binding to PII and an increased level of its binding to PI.3 and PI.4 promoters of CYP19A1 were observed in endometriosis patients when compared to control. CONCLUSION Significant reduction of CYP19A1 gene expression in CCs of endometriosis patients may be the result of epigenetic alterations in its regulatory regions, either by DNA methylation or histone modifications. These epigenetic changes along with differential binding of ERβ (as a transcription factor) in CYP19A1 promoters may impair follicular steroidogenesis, leading to poor Oocyte and embryo condition in endometriosis patients.
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97
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Rodríguez-Sanz M, Prieto-Alhambra D, Servitja S, Garcia-Giralt N, Garrigos L, Rodriguez-Morera J, Albanell J, Martínez-García M, González I, Diez-Perez A, Tusquets I, Nogués X. AI-related BMD variation in actual practice conditions: A prospective cohort study. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:303-12. [PMID: 26911377 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the progression of bone mineral density (BMD) during 3 years of aromatase inhibitors (AI) therapy in actual practice conditions. This prospective, clinical cohort study of Barcelona-Aromatase induced Bone Loss in Early breast cancer (B-ABLE) assessed BMD changes during 3 years of AI treatment in women with breast cancer. Patients with osteoporosis (T score < -2.5 or T score ≤ -2.0) and a major risk factor and/or prevalent fragility fractures were treated with oral bisphosphonates (BPs). Of 685 women recruited, 179 (26.1%) received BP treatment. By the third year of AI therapy, this group exhibited increased BMD in the lumbar spine (LS; 2.59%) and femoral neck (FN; 2.50%), although the increase was significant only within the first year (LS: 1.99% and FN: 2.04%). Despite BP therapy, however, approximately 15% of these patients lost more than 3% of their baseline bone mass. At 3 years, patients without BP experienced BMD decreases in the LS (-3.10%) and FN (-2.79%). In this group, BMD changes occurred during the first (LS: -1.33% and FN: -1.25%), second (LS: -1.19% and FN: -0.82%), and third (LS: -0.57% and FN: -0.65%) years of AI treatment. Increased BMD (>3%) was observed in just 7.6% and 10.8% of these patients at the LS and FN, respectively. Our data confirm a clinically relevant bone loss associated with AI therapy amongst nonusers of preventative BPs. We further report on the importance of BMD monitoring as well as calcium and 25-hydroxy vitamin D supplementation in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rodríguez-Sanz
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute)Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute)Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Barcelona, Spain IDIAP Jordi Gol Primary Care Research InstituteUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Nuffield Department of OrthopaedicsRheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sonia Servitja
- Cancer Research ProgramIMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Garcia-Giralt
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute)Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Garrigos
- Cancer Research ProgramIMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Morera
- Internal Medicine DepartmentHospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Albanell
- Cancer Research ProgramIMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Martínez-García
- Cancer Research ProgramIMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iria González
- Cancer Research ProgramIMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolfo Diez-Perez
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute)Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Barcelona, Spain Internal Medicine DepartmentHospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Tusquets
- Cancer Research ProgramIMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Medical Oncology Department, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Nogués
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute)Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (RETICEF), Barcelona, Spain Internal Medicine DepartmentHospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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KOUKOURA OURANIA, SIFAKIS STAVROS, SPANDIDOS DEMETRIOSA. DNA methylation in endometriosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2939-48. [PMID: 26934855 PMCID: PMC4805102 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is defined by the presence and growth of functional endometrial tissue, outside the uterine cavity, primarily in the ovaries, pelvic peritoneum and rectovaginal septum. Although it is a benign disease, it presents with malignant characteristics, such as invasion to surrounding tissues, metastasis to distant locations and recurrence following treatment. Accumulating evidence suggests that various epigenetic aberrations may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Aberrant DNA methylation represents a possible mechanism repsonsible for this disease, linking gene expression alterations observed in endometriosis with hormonal and environmental factors. Several lines of evidence indicate that endometriosis may partially be due to selective epigenetic deregulations influenced by extrinsic factors. Previous studies have shed light into the epigenetic component of endometriosis, reporting variations in the epigenetic patterns of genes known to be involved in the aberrant hormonal, immunologic and inflammatory status of endometriosis. Although recent studies, utilizing advanced molecular techniques, have allowed us to further elucidate the possible association of DNA methylation with altered gene expression, whether these molecular changes represent the cause or merely the consequence of the disease is a question which remains to be answered. This review provides an overview of the current literature on the role of DNA methylation in the pathophysiology and malignant evolution of endometriosis. We also provide insight into the mechanisms through which DNA methylation-modifying agents may be the next step in the research of the pharmaceutical treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- OURANIA KOUKOURA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - STAVROS SIFAKIS
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - DEMETRIOS A. SPANDIDOS
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion 71409, Greece
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99
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The Metabolism, Analysis, and Targeting of Steroid Hormones in Breast and Prostate Cancer. Discov Oncol 2016; 7:149-64. [PMID: 26969590 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-016-0259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast and prostate cancers are malignancies in which steroid hormones drive cellular proliferation. Over the past century, this understanding has led to successful treatment strategies aimed to inhibit hormone-mediated tumor growth. Nonetheless, disease relapse and progression still pose significant clinical problems, with recurrent and metastatic tumors often exhibiting resistance to current drug therapies. The central role of androgens and estrogens in prostate and breast cancer etiology explains not only why endocrine therapies are often initially successful but also why many tumors ultimately become resistant. It is hypothesized that reducing the concentration of active hormones in the systemic circulation may be insufficient to block cancer progression, as this action selects for tumor cells that can generate active steroids from circulating precursors. This review aims to highlight the currently known differences of steroid biosynthesis in normal physiology versus hormone-dependent cancers, modern approaches to the assessment and targeting of these pathways, and priorities for future research.
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100
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Cavalieri EL, Rogan EG. Depurinating estrogen-DNA adducts, generators of cancer initiation: their minimization leads to cancer prevention. Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:12. [PMID: 26979321 PMCID: PMC4792821 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens can initiate cancer by reacting with DNA. Specific metabolites of endogenous estrogens, the catechol estrogen-3,4-quinones, react with DNA to form depurinating estrogen-DNA adducts. Loss of these adducts leaves apurinic sites in the DNA, generating mutations that can lead to the initiation of cancer. A variety of endogenous and exogenous factors can disrupt estrogen homeostasis, which is the normal balance between estrogen activating and protective enzymes. In fact, if estrogen metabolism becomes unbalanced and generates excessive catechol estrogen 3,4-quinones, formation of depurinating estrogen-DNA adducts increases and the risk of initiating cancer is greater. The levels of depurinating estrogen-DNA adducts are high in women diagnosed with breast cancer and those at high risk for the disease. High levels of depurinating estrogen-DNA adducts before the presence of breast cancer indicates that adduct formation is a critical factor in breast cancer initiation. Women with thyroid or ovarian cancer also have high levels of estrogen-DNA adducts, as do men with prostate cancer or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Depurinating estrogen-DNA adducts are initiators of many prevalent types of human cancer. These findings and other discoveries led to the recognition that reducing the levels of estrogen-DNA adducts could prevent the initiation of human cancer. The dietary supplements N-acetylcysteine and resveratrol inhibit formation of estrogen-DNA adducts in cultured human breast cells and in women. These results suggest that the two supplements offer an approach to reducing the risk of developing various prevalent types of human cancer. Graphical abstract Major metabolic pathway in cancer initiation by estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercole L. Cavalieri
- />Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
- />Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Eleanor G. Rogan
- />Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
- />Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
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