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Kadowaki T, Haneda M, Ito H, Sasaki K, Hiraide S, Matsukawa M, Ueno M. Relationship of Eating Patterns and Metabolic Parameters, and Teneligliptin Treatment: Interim Results from Post-marketing Surveillance in Japanese Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Adv Ther 2018; 35:817-831. [PMID: 29777520 PMCID: PMC6015125 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-018-0704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthy eating is a critical aspect of the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Disrupted eating patterns can result in poor glucose control and increase the likelihood of diabetic complications. Teneligliptin inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity for 24 h and suppresses postprandial hyperglycemia after all three daily meals. This interim analysis of data from the large-scale post-marketing surveillance of teneligliptin (RUBY) in Japan examined eating patterns and their relationship with metabolic parameters and diabetic complications. We also examined whether eating patterns affected safety and efficacy of teneligliptin. METHODS We analyzed baseline data from survey forms collected in RUBY between May 2013 and June 2017, including patient characteristics, metabolic parameters, and eating patterns (eating three meals per day or not; timing of evening meal) before teneligliptin treatment was initiated. Safety and efficacy of 12 months' teneligliptin (20-40 mg/day) treatment was assessed. RESULTS Data from 10,532 patients were available for analysis. Most patients who did not eat three meals per day (n =757) or who ate their evening meal after 10 PM (n =206) were 64 years old or younger. At baseline, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels were higher in those patients who did not eat three meals per day (p < 0.05) or who ate their evening meal late (p < 0.05). Diabetic complications were more common in patients who did not eat three meals per day. Treatment with teneligliptin reduced HbA1c over 6 or 12 months across all eating patterns, with a low incidence of adverse drug reactions. CONCLUSIONS Eating patterns may be associated with altered metabolic parameters and diabetic complications among Japanese patients with T2DM. Teneligliptin may be well tolerated and improve hyperglycemia in patients with T2DM irrespective of eating patterns. FUNDING Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation and Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Japic CTI-153047.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Haneda
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Medical Corporation Kyousoukai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Sasaki
- Ikuyaku Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Sonoe Hiraide
- Ikuyaku Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyuki Matsukawa
- Ikuyaku Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Ueno
- Ikuyaku Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Osaka, Japan
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Disruption of the Circadian Clock Alters Antioxidative Defense via the SIRT1-BMAL1 Pathway in 6-OHDA-Induced Models of Parkinson's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4854732. [PMID: 29849897 PMCID: PMC5932489 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4854732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and is known to involve circadian dysfunction and oxidative stress. Although antioxidative defense is regulated by the molecular circadian clock, few studies have examined their function in PD and their regulation by silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1). We hypothesize that reduced antioxidative activity in models of PD results from dysfunction of the molecular circadian clock via the SIRT1 pathway. We treated rats and SH-SY5Y cells with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and measured the expression of core circadian clock and associated nuclear receptor genes using real-time quantitative PCR as well as levels of SIRT1, brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1 (BMAL1), and acetylated BMAL1 using Western blotting. We found that 6-OHDA treatment altered the expression patterns of clock and antioxidative molecules in vivo and in vitro. We also detected an increased ratio of acetylated BMAL1:BMAL1 and a decreased level of SIRT1. Furthermore, resveratrol, an activator of SIRT1, decreased the acetylation of BMAL1 and inhibited its binding with CRY1, thereby reversing the impaired antioxidative activity induced by 6-OHDA. These results suggest that a dysfunctional circadian clock contributes to an abnormal antioxidative response in PD via a SIRT1-dependent BMAL1 pathway.
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Qi G, Guo R, Tian H, Li L, Liu H, Mi Y, Liu X. Nobiletin protects against insulin resistance and disorders of lipid metabolism by reprogramming of circadian clock in hepatocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:549-562. [PMID: 29501626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Circadian clock plays a principal role in orchestrating our daily physiology and metabolism, and their perturbation can evoke metabolic diseases such as fatty liver and insulin resistance. Nobiletin (NOB) has been demonstrated to possess antitumor and neuroprotective activities. The objective of the current study is to determine potential effects of NOB on modulating the core clock gene Bmal1 regarding ameliorating glucolipid metabolic disorders. RESULTS Our results revealed that NOB partially reverse the relatively shallow daily oscillations of circadian clock genes and reset phase-shifting circadian rhythms in primary hepatocytes under metabolic disorders conditions. Importantly, NOB was found to be effective at amplifying glucose uptake via stimulating IRS-1/AKT signaling pathway, as well as blunting palmitate-induced lipogenesis in HepG2 cells via modulating AMPK-Sirt1 signaling pathway and key enzymes of de novo lipogenesis in a Bmal1-dependent manner. NOB attenuated palmitate-stimulated excessive secretions of ROS, restored the depletions of mitochondrial membrane potential, which is similar to the recovery in expressions of mitochondrial respiration complex I-IV. CONCLUSION This study is the first to provide compelling evidences that NOB prevent cellular glucolipid metabolic imbalance and mitochondrial function in a Bmal1-dependent manner. Overall, NOB may serve as a nutritional preventive strategy in recovering metabolic disorders relevant to circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyuan Qi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haoyu Tian
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yashi Mi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Mi Y, Qi G, Gao Y, Li R, Wang Y, Li X, Huang S, Liu X. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in HepG2 Cells: Involvement of Bmal1. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28869341 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Normal physiological processes require a robust biological timer called the circadian clock. Dysregulation of circadian rhythms contributes to a variety of metabolic syndrome, including obesity and insulin resistance. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been demonstrated to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective bioactivities. The objective of this study was to explore whether the circadian clock is involved in the protective effect of EGCG against insulin resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS The results demonstrated that EGCG reverses the relatively shallow daily oscillations of circadian clock genes transcription and protein expression induced by glucosamine in HepG2 cells. EGCG also alleviates insulin resistance by enhancing tyrosine phosphorylated levels of IRS-1, stimulating the translocation of GLUT2, and activating PI3K/AKT as well as AMPK signaling pathways in a Bmal1-dependent manner both in HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes. Glucosamine-stimulated excessive secretions of ROS and depletions of mitochondrial membrane potential were notably attenuated in EGCG co-treated HepG2 cells, which consistent with the recovery in expression of mitochondrial respiration complexes. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that EGCG possesses a Bmal1-dependent efficacy against insulin resistance conditions by strengthening the insulin signaling and eliminating oxidative stress, suggesting that EGCG may serve as a promising natural nutraceutical for the regulation of metabolic disorders relevant to circadian clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashi Mi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guoyuan Qi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqi Gao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Runnan Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuxian Huang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Mayeuf-Louchart A, Zecchin M, Staels B, Duez H. Circadian control of metabolism and pathological consequences of clock perturbations. Biochimie 2017; 143:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Sharma A, Laurenti MC, Dalla Man C, Varghese RT, Cobelli C, Rizza RA, Matveyenko A, Vella A. Glucose metabolism during rotational shift-work in healthcare workers. Diabetologia 2017; 60:1483-1490. [PMID: 28551698 PMCID: PMC5860643 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Shift-work is associated with circadian rhythm disruption and an increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. We sought to determine the effect of rotational shift-work on glucose metabolism in humans. METHODS We studied 12 otherwise healthy nurses performing rotational shift-work using a randomised crossover study design. On each occasion, participants underwent an isotope-labelled mixed meal test during a simulated day shift and a simulated night shift, enabling simultaneous measurement of glucose flux and beta cell function using the oral minimal model. We sought to determine differences in fasting and postprandial glucose metabolism during the day shift vs the night shift. RESULTS Postprandial glycaemic excursion was higher during the night shift (381±33 vs 580±48 mmol/l per 5 h, p<0.01). The time to peak insulin and C-peptide and nadir glucagon suppression in response to meal ingestion was also delayed during the night shift. While insulin action did not differ between study days, the beta cell responsivity to glucose (59±5 vs 44±4 × 10-9 min-1; p<0.001) and disposition index were decreased during the night shift. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Impaired beta cell function during the night shift may result from normal circadian variation, the effect of rotational shift-work or a combination of both. As a consequence, higher postprandial glucose concentrations are observed during the night shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Sharma
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St SW, 5-194 Joseph, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Chiara Dalla Man
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ron T Varghese
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St SW, 5-194 Joseph, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Claudio Cobelli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Robert A Rizza
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St SW, 5-194 Joseph, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Aleksey Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Adrian Vella
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St SW, 5-194 Joseph, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Qi G, Mi Y, Liu Z, Fan R, Qiao Q, Sun Y, Ren B, Liu X. Dietary tea polyphenols ameliorate metabolic syndrome and memory impairment via circadian clock related mechanisms. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Dopamine D 2 receptors and the circadian clock reciprocally mediate antipsychotic drug-induced metabolic disturbances. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2017; 3:17. [PMID: 28560263 PMCID: PMC5441531 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-017-0018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs are widely prescribed medications, used for numerous psychiatric illnesses. However, antipsychotic drugs cause serious metabolic side effects that can lead to substantial weight gain and increased risk for type 2 diabetes. While individual drugs differ, all antipsychotic drugs may cause these important side effects to varying degrees. Given that the single unifying property shared by these medications is blockade of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, these receptors likely play a role in antipsychotic drug-induced metabolic side effects. Dopamine D2 and dopamine D3 receptors are expressed in brain regions critical for metabolic regulation and appetite. Surprisingly, these receptors are also expressed peripherally in insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells. By inhibiting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, dopamine D2 and dopamine D3 receptors are important mediators of pancreatic insulin release. Crucially, antipsychotic drugs disrupt this peripheral metabolic regulatory mechanism. At the same time, disruptions to circadian timing have been increasingly recognized as a risk factor for metabolic disturbance. Reciprocal dopamine and circadian signaling is important for the timing of appetitive/feeding behaviors and insulin release, thereby coordinating cell metabolism with caloric intake. In particular, circadian regulation of dopamine D2 receptor/dopamine D3 receptor signaling may play a critical role in metabolism. Therefore, we propose that antipsychotic drugs’ blockade of dopamine D2 receptor and dopamine D3 receptors in pancreatic beta cells, hypothalamus, and striatum disrupts the cellular timing mechanisms that regulate metabolism. Ultimately, understanding the relationships between the dopamine system and circadian clocks may yield critical new biological insights into mechanisms of antipsychotic drug action, which can then be applied into clinical practice.
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Mayo JC, Sainz RM, González Menéndez P, Cepas V, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Melatonin and sirtuins: A "not-so unexpected" relationship. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28109165 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, including methylation or acetylation as well as post-transcriptional modifications, are mechanisms used by eukaryotic cells to increase the genome diversity in terms of differential gene expression and protein diversity. Among these modifying enzymes, sirtuins, a class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, are of particular importance. Sirtuins regulate the cell cycle, DNA repair, cell survival, and apoptosis, thus having important roles in normal and cancer cells. Sirtuins can also regulate metabolic pathways by changing preference for glycolysis under aerobic conditions as well as glutaminolysis. These actions make sirtuins a major target in numerous physiological processes as well as in other contexts such as calorie restriction-induced anti-aging, cancer, or neurodegenerative disease. Interestingly, melatonin, a nighttime-produced indole synthesized by pineal gland and many other organs, has important cytoprotective effects in many tissues including aging, neurodegenerative diseases, immunomodulation, and cancer. The pleiotropic actions of melatonin in different physiological and pathological conditions indicate that may be basic cellular targeted for the indole. Thus, much research has focused attention on the potential mechanisms of the indole in modulating expression and/or activity of sirtuins. Numerous findings report a rise in activity, especially on SIRT1, in a diversity of cells and animal models after melatonin treatment. This contrasts, however, with data reporting an inhibitory effect of melatonin on this sirtuin in some tumor cells. This review tabulates and discusses the recent findings relating melatonin with sirtuins, particularly SIRT1 and mitochondrial SIRT3, showing the apparent dichotomy with the differential actions documented in normal and in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Mayo
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa M Sainz
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pedro González Menéndez
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vanesa Cepas
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario Oncológico del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA), San Antonio, TX, USA
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Aoyama S, Shibata S. The Role of Circadian Rhythms in Muscular and Osseous Physiology and Their Regulation by Nutrition and Exercise. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:63. [PMID: 28261043 PMCID: PMC5306200 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock regulates the day and night cycles of various physiological functions. The circadian clock system consists of a central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and peripheral clocks in peripheral tissues. According to the results of circadian transcriptomic studies in several tissues, the majority of rhythmic genes are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and are influenced by tissue-specific circadian rhythms. Here we review the diurnal variations of musculoskeletal functions and discuss the impact of the circadian clock on homeostasis in skeletal muscle and bone. Peripheral clocks are controlled by not only photic stimulation from the central clock in the SCN but also by external cues, such as feeding and exercise. In this review, we discuss the effects of feeding and exercise on the circadian clock and diurnal variation of musculoskeletal functions. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of chrono-nutrition and chrono-exercise on circadian disturbances and the failure of homeostasis in skeletal muscle and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Aoyama
- Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda UniversityTokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University Tokyo, Japan
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Saner NJ, Bishop DJ, Bartlett JD. Is exercise a viable therapeutic intervention to mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance induced by sleep loss? Sleep Med Rev 2017; 37:60-68. [PMID: 29056415 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sleep loss has emerged as a risk factor comparable to that of physical inactivity for the development of insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This is a concern as it was estimated in 2012 that approximately 70 million adults in the United States are sleeping less than 6 h each night, and the average nightly sleep duration of a representative sample of the U.S. adult population is reported to be significantly less than in previous decades. The underlying mechanisms responsible for chronic sleep loss induced insulin resistance include modifications in the regulation of hormone secretion, peripheral clock gene regulation, and the cellular signaling processes associated with regulating mitochondrial respiratory function. Emerging evidence shows these mechanisms share similar biochemical signaling pathways to those underpinning exercise-induced adaptations, which together suggest exercise might be a viable, suitable, and potent treatment alternative to alleviate sleep loss induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. In this theoretical review, we provide a summary of the impact of reduced sleep duration and quality on mitochondrial function and insulin resistance, before detailing the possible underlying mechanisms. Finally, we propose how and why regular exercise may be a therapeutic intervention to mitigate sleep loss induced mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Saner
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, 6027, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Bartlett
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Hardeland R. Melatonin and the pathologies of weakened or dysregulated circadian oscillators. J Pineal Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 27763686 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic aspects of melatonin's actions merit increasing future attention. This concerns particularly entirely different effects in senescent, weakened oscillators and in dysregulated oscillators of cancer cells that may be epigenetically blocked. This is especially obvious in the case of sirtuin 1, which is upregulated by melatonin in aged tissues, but strongly downregulated in several cancer cells. These findings are not at all controversial, but are explained on the basis of divergent changes in weakened and dysregulated oscillators. Similar findings can be expected to occur in other accessory oscillator components that are modulated by melatonin, among them several transcription factors and metabolic sensors. Another cause of opposite effects concerns differences between nocturnally active laboratory rodents and the diurnally active human. This should be more thoroughly considered in the field of metabolic syndrome and related pathologies, especially with regard to type 2 diabetes and other aspects of insulin resistance. Melatonin was reported to impair glucose tolerance in humans, especially in carriers of the risk allele of the MT2 receptor gene, MTNR1B, that contains the SNP rs10830963. These findings contrast with numerous reports on improvements of glucose tolerance in preclinical studies. However, the relationship between melatonin and insulin may be more complex, as indicated by loss-of-function mutants of the MT2 receptor that are also prodiabetic, by the age-dependent time course of risk allele overexpression, by progressive reduction in circadian amplitudes and melatonin secretion, which are aggravated in diabetes. By supporting high-amplitude rhythms, melatonin may be beneficial in preventing or delaying diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Schiaffino S, Blaauw B, Dyar KA. The functional significance of the skeletal muscle clock: lessons from Bmal1 knockout models. Skelet Muscle 2016; 6:33. [PMID: 27752300 PMCID: PMC5062818 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-016-0107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian oscillations of muscle genes are controlled either directly by the intrinsic muscle clock or by extrinsic factors, such as feeding, hormonal signals, or neural influences, which are in turn regulated by the central pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. A unique feature of circadian rhythms in skeletal muscle is motor neuron-dependent contractile activity, which can affect the oscillation of a number of muscle genes independently of the muscle clock. The role of the intrinsic muscle clock has been investigated using different Bmal1 knockout (KO) models. A comparative analysis of these models reveals that the dramatic muscle wasting and premature aging caused by global conventional KO are not present in muscle-specific Bmal1 KO or in global Bmal1 KO induced in the adult, therefore must reflect the loss of Bmal1 function during development in non-muscle tissues. On the other hand, muscle-specific Bmal1 knockout causes impaired muscle glucose uptake and metabolism, supporting a major role of the muscle clock in anticipating the sleep-to-wake transition, when glucose becomes the predominant fuel for the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Schiaffino
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Bert Blaauw
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Kenneth A. Dyar
- Molecular Endocrinology, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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van Moorsel D, Hansen J, Havekes B, Scheer FAJL, Jörgensen JA, Hoeks J, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Duez H, Lefebvre P, Schaper NC, Hesselink MKC, Staels B, Schrauwen P. Demonstration of a day-night rhythm in human skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. Mol Metab 2016; 5:635-645. [PMID: 27656401 PMCID: PMC5021670 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A disturbed day-night rhythm is associated with metabolic perturbations that can lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In skeletal muscle, a reduced oxidative capacity is also associated with the development of T2DM. However, whether oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle displays a day-night rhythm in humans has so far not been investigated. METHODS Lean, healthy subjects were enrolled in a standardized living protocol with regular meals, physical activity and sleep to reflect our everyday lifestyle. Mitochondrial oxidative capacity was examined in skeletal muscle biopsies taken at five time points within a 24-hour period. RESULTS Core-body temperature was lower during the early night, confirming a normal day-night rhythm. Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity demonstrated a robust day-night rhythm, with a significant time effect in ADP-stimulated respiration (state 3 MO, state 3 MOG and state 3 MOGS, p < 0.05). Respiration was lowest at 1 PM and highest at 11 PM (state 3 MOGS: 80.6 ± 4.0 vs. 95.8 ± 4.7 pmol/mg/s). Interestingly, the fluctuation in mitochondrial function was also observed in whole-body energy expenditure, with peak energy expenditure at 11 PM and lowest energy expenditure at 4 AM (p < 0.001). In addition, we demonstrate rhythmicity in mRNA expression of molecular clock genes in human skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the biological clock drives robust rhythms in human skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism. It is tempting to speculate that disruption of these rhythms contribute to the deterioration of metabolic health associated with circadian misalignment.
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Key Words
- BMAL1, brain and muscle ARNT-like 1
- BMI, body mass index
- Biological rhythm
- CLOCK, circadian locomotor output cycles kaput
- CRY, cryptochrome
- Energy metabolism
- FCCP, carbonyl cyanide-4-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone
- Mitochondria
- Molecular clock
- NADH, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- Oxidative capacity
- PER, period
- RER, respiratory exchange ratio
- RT-QPCR, Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Skeletal muscle
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TCA cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk van Moorsel
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Hansen
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Havekes
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Johanna A Jörgensen
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Helene Duez
- Univ Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1011-EGID, BP245, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- Univ Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1011-EGID, BP245, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Nicolaas C Schaper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ Lille, Inserm, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1011-EGID, BP245, 59019 Lille, France
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Human Biology and Human Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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