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Qi L, Zhou Y, Li W, Zheng M, Zhong R, Jin X, Lin Y. Effect of Moringa oleifera stem extract on hydrogen peroxide-induced opacity of cultured mouse lens. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:144. [PMID: 31226981 PMCID: PMC6588927 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moringa oleifera, also known as horseradish tree or drumstick tree, has strong antioxidant properties. In the present study, we investigated the potential effect of Moringa oleifera stem extract (MOSE) on cataract formation induced by oxidative stress in cultured mouse lenses. METHODS Mouse lenses cultured in vitro were pretreated with MOSE (0.5 and 1 mg/mL) for 24 h. Then, 1 mM hydrogen peroxide was added, and mouse lenses were cultured for a further 24 h. The medium was then changed to normal culture medium. After 48 h, lens opacification, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured in lens tissues. In addition, the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a nuclear receptor with potential benefits to improve vision-threatening eye diseases, was assayed. RESULTS MOSE (1 mg/mL) alleviated lens opacification, reduced ROS generation, increased GSH content, and elevated SOD and CAT activities in cultured lenses. Moreover, MOSE upregulated the expressions of SOD, CAT, and PPARα. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that MOSE alleviates oxidative stress-induced cataract formation, and the mechanism of the effect is mainly related to its improvement of the endogenous antioxidant system in the lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijie Li
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mali Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruisheng Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, 361005 People’s Republic of China
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Ganguli G, Mukherjee U, Sonawane A. Peroxisomes and Oxidative Stress: Their Implications in the Modulation of Cellular Immunity During Mycobacterial Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1121. [PMID: 31258517 PMCID: PMC6587667 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Host redox dependent physiological responses play crucial roles in the determination of mycobacterial infection process. Mtb explores oxygen rich lung microenvironments to initiate infection process, however, later on the bacilli adapt to oxygen depleted conditions and become non-replicative and unresponsive toward anti-TB drugs to enter in the latency stage. Mtb is equipped with various sensory mechanisms and a battery of pro- and anti-oxidant enzymes to protect themselves from the host oxidative stress mechanisms. After host cell invasion, mycobacteria induces the expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) to generate superoxide radicals (O 2 - ), which are then converted to more toxic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and subsequently reduced to water by catalase. However, the metabolic cascades and their key regulators associated with cellular redox homeostasis are poorly understood. Phagocytosed mycobacteria en route through different subcellular organelles, where the local environment generated during infection determines the outcome of disease. For a long time, mitochondria were considered as the key player in the redox regulation, however, accumulating evidences report vital role for peroxisomes in the maintenance of cellular redox equilibrium in eukaryotic cells. Deletion of peroxisome-associated peroxin genes impaired detoxification of reactive oxygen species and peroxisome turnover post-infection, thereby leading to altered synthesis of transcription factors, various cell-signaling cascades in favor of the bacilli. This review focuses on how mycobacteria would utilize host peroxisomes to alter redox balance and metabolic regulatory mechanisms to support infection process. Here, we discuss implications of peroxisome biogenesis in the modulation of host responses against mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Ganguli
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT (deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Utsav Mukherjee
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT (deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT (deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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Kim SH, Lim JW, Kim H. Astaxanthin Prevents Decreases in Superoxide Dismutase 2 Level and Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Helicobacter pylori-infected Gastric Epithelial Cells. J Cancer Prev 2019; 24:54-58. [PMID: 30993096 PMCID: PMC6453584 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2019.24.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori increases production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activates inflammatory and carcinogenesis-related signaling pathways in gastric epithelial cells. Therefore, reducing ROS, by upregulating antioxidant enzyme, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), may be a novel strategy to prevent H. pylori-associated gastric diseases. Astaxanthin is an antioxidant carotenoid that prevents oxidative stress-induced cell injury. The present study was aimed to determine whether H. pylori decreases SOD activity by changing the levels of SOD1/SOD2 and whether astaxanthin prevents changes in SOD levels and activity in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial AGS cells. Methods AGS cells were pre-treated with astaxanthin for 3 hours prior to H. pylori infection and cultured for 1 hour in the presence of H. pylori. SOD levels and activity were assessed by Western blot analysis and a commercial assay kit, respectively. Mitochondrial ROS was determined using MitoSOX fluorescence. Results H. pylori decreased SOD activity and the SOD2 level, but increased mitochondrial ROS in AGS cells. The SOD1 level was not changed by H. pylori infection. Astaxanthin prevented H. pylori-induced decreases in the SOD2 level and SOD activity and reduced mitochondrial ROS in AGS cells. Conclusions Consumption of astaxanthin-rich food may prevent the development of H. pylori-associated gastric disorders by suppressing mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhn Hyung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brian Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Weon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brian Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brian Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Korbecki J, Bobiński R, Dutka M. Self-regulation of the inflammatory response by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:443-458. [PMID: 30927048 PMCID: PMC6517359 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family includes three transcription factors: PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ. PPAR are nuclear receptors activated by oxidised and nitrated fatty acid derivatives as well as by cyclopentenone prostaglandins (PGA2 and 15d-PGJ2) during the inflammatory response. This results in the modulation of the pro-inflammatory response, preventing it from being excessively activated. Other activators of these receptors are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (arachidonic acid, ALA, EPA, and DHA). The main function of PPAR during the inflammatory reaction is to promote the inactivation of NF-κB. Possible mechanisms of inactivation include direct binding and thus inactivation of p65 NF-κB or ubiquitination leading to proteolytic degradation of p65 NF-κB. PPAR also exert indirect effects on NF-κB. They promote the expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, or heme oxygenase-1, resulting in a reduction in the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), i.e., secondary transmitters in inflammatory reactions. PPAR also cause an increase in the expression of IκBα, SIRT1, and PTEN, which interferes with the activation and function of NF-κB in inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 Str., 40-752, Katowice, Poland. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2 Str., 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland.
| | - Rafał Bobiński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2 Str., 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Dutka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2 Str., 43-309, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
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Fenofibrate Improved Interstitial Fibrosis of Renal Allograft through Inhibited Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Induced by Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8936856. [PMID: 30911353 PMCID: PMC6397988 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8936856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The best treatment for end-stage renal disease is renal transplantation. However, it is often difficult to maintain a renal allograft healthy for a long time following transplantation. Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA) are significant histopathologic characteristics of a compromised renal allograft. There is no effective therapy to improve renal allograft function once IF/TA sets in. Although there are many underlying factors that can induce IF/TA, the pathogenesis of IF/TA has not been fully elucidated. It has been found that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) significantly contributes to the development of IF/TA. Oxidative stress is one of the main causes that induce EMT in renal allografts. In this study, we have used H2O2 to induce oxidative stress in renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52e) of rats. We also pretreated NRK-52e cells with an antioxidant (N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC)) 1 h prior to the treatment with H2O2. Furthermore, we used fenofibrate (a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonist) to treat NRK-52e cells and a renal transplant rat model. Our results reveal that oxidative stress induces EMT in NRK-52e cells, and pretreatment with NAC can suppress EMT in these cells. Moreover, fenofibrate suppresses fibrosis by ameliorating oxidative stress-induced EMT in a rat model. Thus, fenofibrate may effectively prevent the development of fibrosis in renal allograft and improve the outcome.
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Choi SW, Ho CK. Antioxidant properties of drugs used in Type 2 diabetes management: could they contribute to, confound or conceal effects of antioxidant therapy? Redox Rep 2018; 23:1-24. [PMID: 28514939 PMCID: PMC6748682 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2017.1324381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This is a narrative review, investigating the antioxidant properties of drugs used in the management of diabetes, and discusses whether these antioxidant effects contribute to, confound, or conceal the effects of antioxidant therapy. METHODS A systematic search for articles reporting trials, or observational studies on the antioxidant effect of drugs used in the treatment of diabetes in humans or animals was performed using Web of Science, PubMed, and Ovid. Data were extracted, including data on a number of subjects, type of treatment (and duration) received, and primary and secondary outcomes. The primary outcomes were reporting on changes in biomarkers of antioxidants concentrations and secondary outcomes were reporting on changes in biomarkers of oxidative stress. RESULTS Diabetes Mellitus is a disease characterized by increased oxidative stress. It is often accompanied by a spectrum of other metabolic disturbances, including elevated plasma lipids, elevated uric acid, hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and central obesity. This review shows evidence that some of the drugs in diabetes management have both in vivo and in vitro antioxidant properties through mechanisms such as scavenging free radicals and upregulating antioxidant gene expression. CONCLUSION Pharmaceutical agents used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes has been shown to exert an antioxidant effect..
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Wai Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Queen Mary
Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong
Kong SAR
| | - Cyrus K. Ho
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural
Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne,
Australia
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences,
School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,
Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
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Reddy AT, Lakshmi SP, Banno A, Reddy RC. Role of GPx3 in PPARγ-induced protection against COPD-associated oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 126:350-357. [PMID: 30118830 PMCID: PMC6368849 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke, a source of numerous oxidants, produces oxidative stress and exaggerated inflammatory responses that lead to irreversible lung tissue damage. It is the single, most significant risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although an intrinsic defense system that includes both enzymatic and non-enzymatic modulators exists to protect lung tissues against oxidative stress, impairment of these protective mechanisms has been demonstrated in smokers and COPD patients. The antioxidant enzyme GSH peroxidase (GPx) is an important part of this intrinsic defense system. Although cigarette smoke has been shown to downregulate its expression and activity, the underlying mechanism is not known. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear hormone receptor with antioxidant effects. PPARγ activation has demonstrated protective effects against cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Molecular mechanisms for PPARγ's antioxidant function likewise remain to be elucidated. This study explored the link between PPARγ and GPx3 and found a positive association in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-exposed human bronchial epithelial cells. Moreover, we provide evidence that identifies GPx3 as a PPARγ transcriptional target. Attenuation of antioxidant effects in the absence of GPx3 highlights the antioxidant's prominent role in mediating PPARγ's function. We also demonstrate that ligand-mediated PPARγ activation blocks CSE-induced reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide production via upregulation of GPx3. In summary, our findings describing the molecular mechanisms involving GPx3 and PPARγ in CSE-induced oxidative stress and inflammation may provide valuable information for the development of more effective therapeutics for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind T Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Sowmya P Lakshmi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Asoka Banno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Raju C Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA.
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Karnati S, Oruqaj G, Janga H, Tumpara S, Colasante C, Van Veldhoven PP, Braverman N, Pilatz A, Mariani TJ, Baumgart-Vogt E. PPARα-mediated peroxisome induction compensates PPARγ-deficiency in bronchiolar club cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203466. [PMID: 30212482 PMCID: PMC6136741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the important functions of PPARγ in various cell types of the lung, PPARγ-deficiency in club cells induces only mild emphysema. Peroxisomes are distributed in a similar way as PPARγ in the lung and are mainly enriched in club and AECII cells. To date, the effects of PPARγ-deficiency on the overall peroxisomal compartment and its metabolic alterations in pulmonary club cells are unknown. Therefore, we characterized wild-type and club cell-specific PPARγ knockout-mice lungs and used C22 cells to investigate the peroxisomal compartment and its metabolic roles in the distal airway epithelium by means of 1) double-immunofluorescence labelling for peroxisomal proteins, 2) laser-assisted microdissection of the bronchiolar epithelium and subsequent qRT-PCR, 3) siRNA-transfection of PPARγand PPRE dual-luciferase reporter activity in C22 cells, 4) PPARg inhibition by GW9662, 5) GC-MS based lipid analysis. Our results reveal elevated levels of fatty acids, increased expression of PPARα and PPRE activity, a strong overall upregulation of the peroxisomal compartment and its associated gene expression (biogenesis, α-oxidation, β-oxidation, and plasmalogens) in PPARγ-deficient club cells. Interestingly, catalase was significantly increased and mistargeted into the cytoplasm, suggestive for oxidative stress by the PPARγ-deficiency in club cells. Taken together, PPARα-mediated metabolic induction and proliferation of peroxisomes via a PPRE-dependent mechanism could compensate PPARγ-deficiency in club cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Karnati
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Gani Oruqaj
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Harshavardhan Janga
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Srinu Tumpara
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Claudia Colasante
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Paul P. Van Veldhoven
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nancy Braverman
- Depts. of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University-Montreal Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Adrian Pilatz
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas J. Mariani
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Eveline Baumgart-Vogt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Catalase and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1721-1737. [PMID: 30120555 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance are considered the main causes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and oxidative stress accelerates the progression of NAFLD. Free fatty acids, which are elevated in the liver by obesity or insulin resistance, lead to incomplete oxidation in the mitochondria, peroxisomes, and microsomes, leading to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Among the ROS generated, H2O2 is mainly produced in peroxisomes and decomposed by catalase. However, when the H2O2 concentration increases because of decreased expression or activity of catalase, it migrates to cytosol and other organelles, causing cell injury and participating in the Fenton reaction, resulting in serious oxidative stress. To date, numerous studies have been shown to inhibit the pathogenesis of NAFLD, but treatment for this disease mainly depends on weight loss and exercise. Various molecules such as vitamin E, metformin, liraglutide, and resveratrol have been proposed as therapeutic agents, but further verification of the dose setting, clinical application, and side effects is needed. Reducing oxidative stress may be a fundamental method for improving not only the progression of NAFLD but also obesity and insulin resistance. However, the relationship between NAFLD progression and antioxidants, particularly catalase, which is most commonly expressed in the liver, remains unclear. Therefore, this review summarizes the role of catalase, focusing on its potential therapeutic effects in NAFLD progression.
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Gallelli CA, Calcagnini S, Romano A, Koczwara JB, de Ceglia M, Dante D, Villani R, Giudetti AM, Cassano T, Gaetani S. Modulation of the Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation by Endocannabinoids and Their Lipid Analogues. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E93. [PMID: 30021985 PMCID: PMC6070960 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7070093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the pivotal role played by oxidative stress in tissue injury development, thus resulting in several pathologies including cardiovascular, renal, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders, all characterized by an altered oxidative status. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and lipid peroxidation-derived reactive aldehydes including acrolein, malondialdehyde, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, among others, are the main responsible for cellular and tissue damages occurring in redox-dependent processes. In this scenario, a link between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and redox homeostasis impairment appears to be crucial. Anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, the best characterized endocannabinoids, are able to modulate the activity of several antioxidant enzymes through targeting the cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2 as well as additional receptors such as the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, and the orphan G protein-coupled receptors 18 and 55. Moreover, the endocannabinoids lipid analogues N-acylethanolamines showed to protect cell damage and death from reactive aldehydes-induced oxidative stress by restoring the intracellular oxidants-antioxidants balance. In this review, we will provide a better understanding of the main mechanisms triggered by the cross-talk between the oxidative stress and the ECS, focusing also on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants as scavengers of reactive aldehydes and their toxic bioactive adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Anna Gallelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvio Calcagnini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Justyna Barbara Koczwara
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marialuisa de Ceglia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Donatella Dante
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Villani
- C.U.R.E. University Centre for Liver Disease Research and Treatment, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Luigi Pinto, c/o Ospedali Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Caglayan C, Temel Y, Kandemir FM, Yildirim S, Kucukler S. Naringin protects against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity through modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and DNA damage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:20968-20984. [PMID: 29766429 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a common chemotherapeutic agent that is effective against a wide variety of tumors. The associated hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, however, limit its therapeutic use. Naringin (NG) is a natural flavanone glycoside that has pharmacological and therapeutic activities, such as anti-inflammation, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant properties. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of NG against CP-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats. Rats were pre-treated with NG (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w.) for 7 days before administering a single dose of CP (200 mg/kg b.w.) on the seventh day. CP-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity were associated with an increase in serum toxicity markers and a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities. CP also induced inflammatory responses by increasing the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Moreover, it activated the apoptotic and autophagic pathway by increasing cysteine aspartate-specific protease-3 (caspase-3) expression and light chain 3B (LC3B) level and also increased the expression of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which is the marker of oxidative DNA damage. Pre-treatment with NG (50 and 100 mg/kg), however, significantly decreased serum toxicity markers, increased antioxidant enzyme activities, and regulated inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative DNA damage in hepatic and renal tissues. These results indicated that NG was an effective protectant against CP-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuneyt Caglayan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Temel
- Department of Solhan School of Health Services, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sefa Kucukler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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Badr G, Abdel-Tawab HS, Ramadan NK, Ahmed SF, Mahmoud MH. Protective effects of camel whey protein against scrotal heat-mediated damage and infertility in the mouse testis through YAP/Nrf2 and PPAR-gamma signaling pathways. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 85:505-518. [PMID: 29683243 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Elevation of scrotal temperature is one of the most important causes of impaired spermatogenesis and male infertility, but the exact mechanism remains controversial. The present study investigated the impact of camel whey protein (CWP) on the mechanisms of heat stress (HS)-mediated testicular damage in male mice. Exposure to HS was associated with significant increase in the testicular tissues' oxidative stress. Mechanistically, exposure to HS resulted in upregulation of P53 and Nrf2 expressions; downregulation of Bcl2 and PPAR-γ expressions; and induction of testicular Leydig cell hyperplasia. Because Leydig cells produce testosterone up on stimulation with Luteinizing hormone (LH), HS mice also exhibited significant reduction in the serum testosterone levels followed by significant reduction in the percentages of progressively motile sperm and higher percentages of immotile sperm, when compared with those of control mice. Interestingly, treatment of HS mice with CWP significantly restored the levels of ROS and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the testicular tissues nearly to those observed in control mice. Furthermore, CWP supplemented HS mice exhibited complete restoration of Bcl2, P53, Nrf2, and PPAR-γ expressions; testicular Leydig cell distribution; significant higher levels of testosterone levels; and hence higher percentages of progressively motile sperm and lower percentages of immotile sperm as compared to HS mice. Our findings reveal the protective effects of CWP against testis injury and infertility induced by exposure to HS by rescuing functional Leydig cells. Additionally, the present study has shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying improved testicular damage following CWP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Badr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Physiology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Nancy K Ramadan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Physiology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Samia F Ahmed
- Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Mahmoud
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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63
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Zeissler ML, Eastwood J, McCorry K, Hanemann CO, Zajicek JP, Carroll CB. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol protects against MPP+ toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by restoring proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46603-46614. [PMID: 27366949 PMCID: PMC5216821 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation can result in transcription of proteins involved in oxidative stress defence and mitochondrial biogenesis which could rescue mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD).The PPARγ agonist pioglitazone is protective in models of PD; however side effects have limited its clinical use. The cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) may have PPARγ dependent anti-oxidant properties. Here we investigate the effects of Δ9-THC and pioglitazone on mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative stress. Differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were exposed to the PD relevant mitochondrial complex 1 inhibitor 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+). We found that only Δ9-THC was able to restore mitochondrial content in MPP+ treated SH-SY5Y cells in a PPARγ dependent manner by increasing expression of the PPARγ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α), the mitochondrial transcription factor (TFAM) as well as mitochondrial DNA content. Co-application of Δ9-THC with pioglitazone further increased the neuroprotection against MPP+ toxicity as compared to pioglitazone treatment alone. Furthermore, using lentiviral knock down of the PPARγ receptor we showed that, unlike pioglitazone, Δ9-THC resulted in a PPARγ dependent reduction of MPP+ induced oxidative stress. We therefore suggest that, in contrast to pioglitazone, Δ9-THC mediates neuroprotection via PPARγ-dependent restoration of mitochondrial content which may be beneficial for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Zeissler
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan Eastwood
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran McCorry
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, United Kingdom
| | - C Oliver Hanemann
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, United Kingdom
| | - John P Zajicek
- School of Medicine, Medical and Biological Sciences, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, United Kingdom
| | - Camille B Carroll
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, PL6 8BX, United Kingdom
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64
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Hesperidin protects against chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis via modulation of Nrf2/ARE/HO-1, PPARγ and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling, and amelioration of oxidative stress and inflammation. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 277:146-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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65
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Kim K, Ahn N, Jung S, Park S. Effects of intermittent ladder-climbing exercise training on mitochondrial biogenesis and endoplasmic reticulum stress of the cardiac muscle in obese middle-aged rats. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:633-641. [PMID: 29200906 PMCID: PMC5709480 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.6.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of intermittent ladder-climbing exercise training on mitochondrial biogenesis and ER stress of the cardiac muscle in high fat diet-induced obese middle-aged rats. We induced obesity over 6 weeks of period in 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats around 50 weeks old, and were randomly divided into four experimental groups: chow, HFD, exercise+HFD, and exercise+chow. The exercising groups underwent high-intensity intermittent training using a ladder-climbing and weight exercise 3 days/week for a total of 8 weeks. High-fat diet and concurrent exercise resulted in no significant reduction in body weight but caused a significant reduction in visceral fat weight (p<0.05). Expression of PPARδ increased in the exercise groups and was significantly increased in the high-fat diet+exercise group (p<0.05). Among the ER stress-related proteins, the expression levels of p-PERK and CHOP, related to cardiac muscle damage, were significantly higher in the cardiac muscle of the high-fat diet group (p<0.05), and were significantly reduced by intermittent ladder-climbing exercise training (p<0.05). Specifically, this reduction was greater when the rats underwent exercise after switching back to the chow diet with a reduced caloric intake. Collectively, these results suggest that the combination of intermittent ladder-climbing exercise training and a reduced caloric intake can decrease the levels of ER stress-related proteins that contribute to cardiac muscle damage in obesity and aging. However, additional validation is required to understand the effects of these changes on mitochondrial biogenesis during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kijin Kim
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Nayoung Ahn
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Suryun Jung
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Solee Park
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
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66
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Cai W, Yang T, Liu H, Han L, Zhang K, Hu X, Zhang X, Yin KJ, Gao Y, Bennett MVL, Leak RK, Chen J. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ): A master gatekeeper in CNS injury and repair. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 163-164:27-58. [PMID: 29032144 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a widely expressed ligand-modulated transcription factor that governs the expression of genes involved in inflammation, redox equilibrium, trophic factor production, insulin sensitivity, and the metabolism of lipids and glucose. Synthetic PPARγ agonists (e.g. thiazolidinediones) are used to treat Type II diabetes and have the potential to limit the risk of developing brain injuries such as stroke by mitigating the influence of comorbidities. If brain injury develops, PPARγ serves as a master gatekeeper of cytoprotective stress responses, improving the chances of cellular survival and recovery of homeostatic equilibrium. In the acute injury phase, PPARγ directly restricts tissue damage by inhibiting the NFκB pathway to mitigate inflammation and stimulating the Nrf2/ARE axis to neutralize oxidative stress. During the chronic phase of acute brain injuries, PPARγ activation in injured cells culminates in the repair of gray and white matter, preservation of the blood-brain barrier, reconstruction of the neurovascular unit, resolution of inflammation, and long-term functional recovery. Thus, PPARγ lies at the apex of cell fate decisions and exerts profound effects on the chronic progression of acute injury conditions. Here, we review the therapeutic potential of PPARγ in stroke and brain trauma and highlight the novel role of PPARγ in long-term tissue repair. We describe its structure and function and identify the genes that it targets. PPARγ regulation of inflammation, metabolism, cell fate (proliferation/differentiation/maturation/survival), and many other processes also has relevance to other neurological diseases. Therefore, PPARγ is an attractive target for therapies against a number of progressive neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tuo Yang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Huan Liu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lijuan Han
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Michael V L Bennett
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
| | - Jun Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh PA, USA.
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67
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Mahmoud AM, Hozayen WG, Ramadan SM. Berberine ameliorates methotrexate-induced liver injury by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and PPARγ, and suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:280-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Thermodynamics in Gliomas: Interactions between the Canonical WNT/Beta-Catenin Pathway and PPAR Gamma. Front Physiol 2017; 8:352. [PMID: 28620312 PMCID: PMC5451860 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas cells are the site of numerous metabolic and thermodynamics abnormalities with an increasing entropy rate which is characteristic of irreversible processes driven by changes in Gibbs energy, heat production, intracellular acidity, membrane potential gradient, and ionic conductance. We focus our review on the opposing interactions observed in glioma between the canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway and PPAR gamma and their metabolic and thermodynamic implications. In gliomas, WNT/beta-catenin pathway is upregulated while PPAR gamma is downregulated. Upregulation of WNT/beta-catenin signaling induces changes in key metabolic enzyme that modify their thermodynamics behavior. This leads to activation pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1(PDK-1) and monocarboxylate lactate transporter 1 (MCT-1). Consequently, phosphorylation of PDK-1 inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). Thus, a large part of pyruvate cannot be converted into acetyl-CoA in mitochondria and in TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle. This leads to aerobic glycolysis despite the availability of oxygen, named Warburg effect. Cytoplasmic pyruvate is, in major part, converted into lactate. The WNT/beta-catenin pathway induces also the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation, cell invasiveness, nucleotide synthesis, tumor growth, and angiogenesis, such as c-Myc, cyclin D1, PDK. In addition, in gliomas cells, PPAR gamma is downregulated, leading to a decrease in insulin sensitivity and an increase in neuroinflammation. Moreover, PPAR gamma contributes to regulate some key circadian genes. Abnormalities in the regulation of circadian rhythms and dysregulation in circadian clock genes are observed in gliomas. Circadian rhythms are dissipative structures, which play a key role in far-from-equilibrium thermodynamics through their interactions with WNT/beta-catenin pathway and PPAR gamma. In gliomas, metabolism, thermodynamics, and circadian rhythms are tightly interrelated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1084, University of PoitiersPoitiers, France
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7348, Université de PoitiersPoitiers, France
| | | | - Rémy Guillevin
- DACTIM, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications, Université de Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7348, SP2MIFuturoscope, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7348, Université de PoitiersPoitiers, France
- CHU Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules VerneAmiens, France
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69
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Song EA, Lim JW, Kim H. Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits IL-6 expression via PPARγ-mediated expression of catalase in cerulein-stimulated pancreatic acinar cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 88:60-68. [PMID: 28483666 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerulein pancreatitis mirrors human acute pancreatitis. In pancreatic acinar cells exposed to cerulein, reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate inflammatory signaling by Janus kinase (JAK) 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, and cytokine induction. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) acts as an agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), which mediates the expression of some antioxidant enzymes. We hypothesized that DHA may induce PPARγ-target catalase expression and reduce ROS levels, leading to the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 activation and IL-6 expression in cerulein-stimulated acinar cells. Pancreatic acinar AR42J cells were treated with DHA in the presence or absence of the PPARγ antagonist GW9662, or treated with the PPARγ agonist troglitazone, and then stimulated with cerulein. Expression of IL-6 and catalase, ROS levels, JAK2/STAT3 activation, and nuclear translocation of PPARγ were assessed. DHA suppressed the increase in ROS, JAK2/STAT3 activation, and IL-6 expression induced nuclear translocation of PPARγ and catalase expression in cerulein-stimulated AR42J cells. Troglitazone inhibited the cerulein-induced increase in ROS and IL-6 expression, but induced catalase expression similar to DHA in AR42J cells. GW9662 abolished the inhibitory effect of DHA on cerulein-induced increase in ROS and IL-6 expression in AR42J cells. DHA-induced expression of catalase was suppressed by GW9662 in cerulein-stimulated AR42J cells. Thus, DHA induces PPARγ activation and catalase expression, which inhibits ROS-mediated activation of JAK2/STAT3 and IL-6 expression in cerulein-stimulated pancreatic acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ah Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Weon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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70
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Mahmoud AM, Hussein OE, Hozayen WG, Abd El-Twab SM. Methotrexate hepatotoxicity is associated with oxidative stress, and down-regulation of PPARγ and Nrf2: Protective effect of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 270:59-72. [PMID: 28414158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) is a bioactive component of licorice with promising hepatoprotective activity. However, its protective mechanism on methotrexate (MTX) hepatotoxicity in not well defined. We investigated the hepatoprotective effect of 18β-GA, pointing to the role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the redox-sensitive nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Wistar rats were orally administered 18β-GA (50 and 100 mg/kg) 7 days either before or after MTX injection. MTX induced significant increase in circulating liver function marker enzymes and bilirubin with concomitant declined albumin levels. Serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, and liver malondialdehyde and nitric oxide were significantly increased in MTX-induced rats. Treatment with 18β-GA significantly reduced serum enzymes of liver function, bilirubin and pro-inflammatory cytokines. 18β-GA attenuated MTX-induced oxidative stress and restored the antioxidant defenses. In addition, 18β-GA improved liver histological structure and decreased the expression of Bax whereas increased Bcl-2 expression. MTX-induced rats showed significant down-regulation of Nrf2, hemoxygenase-1 and PPARγ, an effect that was markedly reversed by 18β-GA supplemented either before or after MTX. In conclusion, 18β-GA protected against MTX-induced liver injury, possibly by activating Nrf2 and PPARγ, and subsequent attenuation of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, 18β-GA can provide protection against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
| | - Omnia E Hussein
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Walaa G Hozayen
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt; Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Sanaa M Abd El-Twab
- Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
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71
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Thermodynamics in cancers: opposing interactions between PPAR gamma and the canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway. Clin Transl Med 2017; 6:14. [PMID: 28405929 PMCID: PMC5389954 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-017-0144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are the site of numerous metabolic and thermodynamic abnormalities. We focus this review on the interactions between the canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) in cancers and their implications from an energetic and metabolic point of view. In numerous tissues, PPAR gamma activation induces inhibition of beta-catenin pathway, while the activation of the canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway inactivates PPAR gamma. In most cancers but not all, PPAR gamma is downregulated while the WNT/beta-catenin pathway is upregulated. In cancer cells, upregulation of the WNT/beta-catenin signaling induces dramatic changes in key metabolic enzymes that modify their thermodynamic behavior. This leads to activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase1 (PDK-1) and monocarboxylate lactate transporter. Consequently, phosphorylation of PDK-1 inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). Thus, a large part of pyruvate cannot be converted into acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) in mitochondria and only a part of acetyl-CoA can enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This leads to aerobic glycolysis in spite of the availability of oxygen. This phenomenon is referred to as the Warburg effect. Cytoplasmic pyruvate is converted into lactate. The WNT/beta-catenin pathway induces the transcription of genes involved in cell proliferation, i.e., MYC and CYCLIN D1. This ultimately promotes the nucleotide, protein and lipid synthesis necessary for cell growth and multiplication. In cancer, activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway induces an increase of the aerobic glycolysis. Moreover, prostaglandin E2 by activating the canonical WNT pathway plays also a role in cancer. In addition in many cancer cells, PPAR gamma is downregulated. Moreover, PPAR gamma contributes to regulate some key circadian genes. In cancers, abnormalities in the regulation of circadian rhythms (CRs) are observed. CRs are dissipative structures which play a key-role in far-from-equilibrium thermodynamics. In cancers, metabolism, thermodynamics and CRs are intimately interrelated.
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72
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Park C, Ji HM, Kim SJ, Kil SH, Lee JN, Kwak S, Choe SK, Park R. Fenofibrate exerts protective effects against gentamicin-induced toxicity in cochlear hair cells by activating antioxidant enzymes. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:960-968. [PMID: 28290603 PMCID: PMC5360428 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenofibrate, an activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), has been shown to protect the kidneys and brain cells from oxidative stress; however, its role in preventing hearing loss has not been reported to date, at least to the best of our knowledge. In this study, we demonstrated the protective effects of fenofibrate against gentamicin (GM)-induced ototoxicity. We found that the auditory brainstem response threshold which was increased by GM was significantly reduced by pre-treatment with fenofibrate in rats. In cochlear explants, the disruption of hair cell layers by GM was also markedly attenuated by pre-treatment with fenofibrate. In addition, fenofibrate almost completely abolished GM-induced reactive oxygen species generation, which seemed to be mediated at least in part by the restoration of the expression of PPAR-α-dependent antioxidant enzymes, including catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1. Of note, fenofibrate markedly increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) which was also induced to a certain degree by GM alone. The induced expression of HO-1 by fenofibrate appeared to be essential for mediating the protective effects of fenofibrate, as the inhibition of HO-1 activity significantly diminished the protective effects of fenofibrate against the GM-mediated death of sensory hair cells in cochlea explant culture, as well as in zebrafish neuromasts. These results suggest that fenofibrate protects sensory hair cells from GM-induced toxicity by upregulating PPAR-α-dependent antioxidant enzymes, including HO-1. Our results provide insight into the preventive therapy for hearing loss caused by aminoglycoside antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channy Park
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Min Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jin Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Kil
- Division of Cell Biology and Genetics, House Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90057, USA
| | - Joon No Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongae Kwak
- Zoonosis Research Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Choe
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Raekil Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Moreira DRM, Santos DS, Espírito Santo RFD, Santos FED, de Oliveira Filho GB, Leite ACL, Soares MBP, Villarreal CF. Structural improvement of new thiazolidinones compounds with antinociceptive activity in experimental chemotherapy-induced painful neuropathy. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:297-307. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renan Fernandes do Espírito Santo
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz; FIOCRUZ; Salvador Bahia Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade Federal da Bahia; Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Centro de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife PE Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz; FIOCRUZ; Salvador Bahia Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular; Hospital São Rafael; Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Cristiane Flora Villarreal
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz; FIOCRUZ; Salvador Bahia Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia; Universidade Federal da Bahia; Salvador Bahia Brazil
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74
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Interactions between PPAR Gamma and the Canonical Wnt/Beta-Catenin Pathway in Type 2 Diabetes and Colon Cancer. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:5879090. [PMID: 28298922 PMCID: PMC5337359 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5879090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In both colon cancer and type 2 diabetes, metabolic changes induced by upregulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) may help account for the frequent association of these two diseases. In both diseases, PPAR gamma is downregulated while the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is upregulated. In colon cancer, upregulation of the canonical Wnt system induces activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and deactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. As a result, a large part of cytosolic pyruvate is converted into lactate through activation of lactate dehydrogenase. Lactate is extruded out of the cell by means of activation of monocarboxylate lactate transporter-1. This phenomenon is called Warburg effect. PPAR gamma agonists induce beta-catenin inhibition, while inhibition of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway activates PPAR gamma.
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Mahmoud AM, Germoush MO, Alotaibi MF, Hussein OE. Possible involvement of Nrf2 and PPARγ up-regulation in the protective effect of umbelliferone against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 86:297-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Gamma-Glutamylcysteine Ethyl Ester Protects against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Liver Injury and Hematologic Alterations via Upregulation of PPAR γ and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4016209. [PMID: 28074115 PMCID: PMC5198194 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4016209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-glutamylcysteine ethyl ester (GCEE) is a precursor of glutathione (GSH) with promising hepatoprotective effects. This investigation aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of GCEE against cyclophosphamide- (CP-) induced toxicity, pointing to the possible role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Wistar rats were given GCEE two weeks prior to CP. Five days after CP administration, animals were sacrificed and samples were collected. Pretreatment with GCEE significantly alleviated CP-induced liver injury by reducing serum aminotransferases, increasing albumin, and preventing histopathological and hematological alterations. GCEE suppressed lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide production and restored GSH and enzymatic antioxidants in the liver, which were associated with downregulation of COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB. In addition, CP administration significantly increased serum proinflammatory cytokines and the expression of liver caspase-3 and BAX, an effect that was reversed by GCEE. CP-induced rats showed significant downregulation of PPARγ which was markedly upregulated by GCEE treatment. These data demonstrated that pretreatment with GCEE protected against CP-induced hepatotoxicity, possibly by activating PPARγ, preventing GSH depletion, and attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Our findings point to the role of PPARγ and suggest that GCEE might be a promising agent for the prevention of CP-induced liver injury.
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y. Alzheimer Disease: Crosstalk between the Canonical Wnt/Beta-Catenin Pathway and PPARs Alpha and Gamma. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:459. [PMID: 27807401 PMCID: PMC5069291 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still not fully understood. In AD, Wnt/beta-catenin signaling has been shown to be downregulated while the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma (mARN and protein) is upregulated. Certain neurodegenerative diseases share the same Wnt/beta-catenin/PPAR gamma profile, such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Conversely, other NDs share an opposite profile, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Friedreich's ataxia. AD is characterized by the deposition of extracellular Abeta plaques and the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles in the central nervous system (CNS). Activation of Wnt signaling or inhibition of both glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and Dickkopf 1, two key negative regulators of the canonical Wnt pathway, are able to protect against Abeta neurotoxicity and to ameliorate cognitive performance in AD patients. Although PPAR gamma is upregulated in AD patients, and despite the fact that it has been shown that the PPAR gamma and Wnt/beta catenin pathway systems work in an opposite manner, PPAR gamma agonists diminish learning and memory deficits, decrease Abeta activation of microglia, and prevent hippocampal and cortical neurons from dying. These beneficial effects observed in AD transgenic mice and patients might be partially due to the anti-inflammatory properties of PPAR gamma agonists. Moreover, activation of PPAR alpha upregulates transcription of the alpha-secretase gene and represents a new therapeutic treatment for AD. This review focuses largely on the behavior of two opposing pathways in AD, namely Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and PPAR gamma. It is hoped that this approach may help to develop novel AD therapeutic strategies integrating PPAR alpha signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- CHU Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules VerneAmiens, France
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, University of PoitiersPoitiers, France
- AP-HP, Epidemiology and Clinical Research Department, University Hospital Bichat-Claude BernardParis, France
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Glory A, Averill-Bates DA. The antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 contributes to the protective effect of mild thermotolerance (40°C) against heat shock-induced apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:485-497. [PMID: 27591796 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The exposure of cells to low doses of stress induces adaptive survival responses that protect cells against subsequent exposure to toxic stress. The ability of cells to resist subsequent toxic stress following exposure to low dose heat stress at 40°C is known as mild thermotolerance. Mild thermotolerance involves increased expression of heat shock proteins and antioxidants, but the initiating factors in this response are not understood. This study aims to understand the role of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway in acquisition of mild thermotolerance at 40°C, and secondly, whether the Nrf2 pathway could be involved in the protective effect of thermotolerance against heat-shock (42°C)-induced apoptosis. During cell preconditioning at 40°C, protein expression of the Nrf2 transcription factor increased after 15-60min. In addition, levels of the Nrf2 targets MnSOD, catalase, heme oxygenase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and Hsp70 increased at 40°C. Levels of these Nrf2 targets were enhanced by Nrf2 activator oltipraz and decreased by shRNA targeting Nrf2. Levels of pro-oxidants increased after 30-60min at 40°C. Pro-oxidant levels were decreased by oltipraz and increased by knockdown of Nrf2. Increased Nrf2 expression and catalase activity at 40°C were inhibited by the antioxidant PEG-catalase and by p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α. These results suggest that mild thermotolerance (40°C) increases cellular pro-oxidant levels, which in turn activate Nrf2 and its target genes. Moreover, Nrf2 contributes to the protective effect of thermotolerance against heat-shock (42°C)-induced apoptosis, because Nrf2 activation by oltipraz enhanced thermotolerance, whereas Nrf2 knockdown partly reversed thermotolerance. Improved knowledge about the different protective mechanisms that mild thermotolerance can activate is crucial for the potential use of this adaptive survival response to treat stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Glory
- Département des Sciences Biologiques (TOXEN), Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, Succursale Center-Ville Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Diana A Averill-Bates
- Département des Sciences Biologiques (TOXEN), Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, Succursale Center-Ville Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8.
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Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha Improves Aged and UV-Irradiated Skin by Catalase Induction. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162628. [PMID: 27611371 PMCID: PMC5017777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is a nuclear hormone receptor involved in the transcriptional regulation of lipid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose homeostasis. Its activation stimulates antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, whose expression is decreased in aged human skin. Here we investigated the expression of PPARα in aged and ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated skin, and whether PPARα activation can modulate expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and procollagen through catalase regulation. We found that PPARα mRNA level was significantly decreased in intrinsically aged and photoaged human skin as well as in UV-irradiated skin. A PPARα activator, Wy14643, inhibited UV-induced increase of MMP-1 and decrease of procollagen expression and caused marked increase in catalase expression. Furthermore, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was suppressed by Wy14643 in UV-irradiated and aged dermal fibroblasts, suggesting that the PPARα activation-induced upregulation of catalase leads to scavenging of ROS produced due to UV irradiation or aging. PPARα knockdown decreased catalase expression and abolished the beneficial effects of Wy14643. Topical application of Wy14643 on hairless mice restored catalase activity and prevented MMP-13 and inflammatory responses in skin. Our findings indicate that PPARα activation triggers catalase expression and ROS scavenging, thereby protecting skin from UV-induced damage and intrinsic aging.
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80
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Eny KM, El-Sohemy A, Cornelis MC, Sung YK, Bae SC. Catalase and PPARg2 genotype and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in Koreans. Lupus 2016; 14:351-5. [PMID: 15934434 DOI: 10.1191/0961203305lu2091oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Catalase (CAT) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-g2 (PPARg2) are important regulators of oxidative stress and inflammation, which may contribute to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of genetic polymorphisms of CAT and PPARg2 on risk and severity of SLE in a Korean population. DNA was isolated from blood samples collected from 345 patients with SLE and 400 controls. Genotyping for the 2262C!T polymorphism of CAT and the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARg2 were performed by PCR-RFLP analysis. The severity of SLE was assessed using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) damage index (SDI). No association was observed between genotypes for any of the clinical manifestations of SLE. CAT and PPARg2 genotypes were not associated with either risk or severity of SLE. For subjects who were carriers of the high activity Tallele for CATand have the Pro/Pro genotype for PPARg2, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for risk of SLE was 0.45 (0.23-1.08). Our results suggest that genetic polymorphisms of CAT and PPARg2 do not play a significant role in the development of SLE in a Korean population. A possible protective effect of a combined genotype warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Eny
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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81
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Singh AP, Singh N, Singh Bedi PM. Estrogen attenuates renal IRI through PPAR-γ agonism in rats. J Surg Res 2016; 203:324-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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82
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Chen WM, Shaw LH, Chang PJ, Tung SY, Chang TS, Shen CH, Hsieh YY, Wei KL. Hepatoprotective effect of resveratrol against ethanol-induced oxidative stress through induction of superoxide dismutase in vivo and in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1231-1238. [PMID: 27073428 PMCID: PMC4812565 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of resveratrol (RSV) against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in vivo, and investigate the underlying mechanisms by which RSV exerts its anti-oxidative effects on hepatic cells. C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: Untreated control, ethanol-treated, RSV-treated, and ethanol + RSV-treated. The plasma lipid profile, hepatic lipid accumulation and antioxidative enzyme activities were analyzed. HepG2 cells were used as a cellular model to analyze the effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in the RSV-mediated protection of ethanol-induced oxidative stress. In C57BL/6J mice, ethanol caused a significant increase in plasma triglyceride levels and hepatic lipid accumulation (P<0.05), whereas RSV notably increased SOD activity. In HepG2 cells, SOD activity was enhanced in the RSV-treated HepG2 cells, whereas the activity of CAT and GPx was not affected. Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that RSV significantly increased SOD protein and mRNA expression levels (P<0.05). Using a transient transfection assay, PPARγ was observed to participate in the regulation of SOD gene expression in RSV-administered HepG2 cells. To conclude, the results from the present study suggest that RSV may contribute towards the protection of hepatic cells from ethanol-induced oxidative stress via the induction of SOD activity and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C.; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Lee-Hsin Shaw
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pey-Jium Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shui-Yi Tung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan, R.O.C.; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Te-Sheng Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chein-Heng Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Yu Hsieh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan, R.O.C.; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Liang Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan, R.O.C.; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Barlaka E, Galatou E, Mellidis K, Ravingerova T, Lazou A. Role of Pleiotropic Properties of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in the Heart: Focus on the Nonmetabolic Effects in Cardiac Protection. Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 34:37-48. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Barlaka
- School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Eleftheria Galatou
- School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Kyriakos Mellidis
- School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - Tanya Ravingerova
- Institute for Heart Research; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovak Republic
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of Biology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
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84
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Qian G, Fan W, Ahlemeyer B, Karnati S, Baumgart-Vogt E. Peroxisomes in Different Skeletal Cell Types during Intramembranous and Endochondral Ossification and Their Regulation during Osteoblast Differentiation by Distinct Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143439. [PMID: 26630504 PMCID: PMC4668026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ossification defects leading to craniofacial dysmorphism or rhizomelia are typical phenotypes in patients and corresponding knockout mouse models with distinct peroxisomal disorders. Despite these obvious skeletal pathologies, to date no careful analysis exists on the distribution and function of peroxisomes in skeletal tissues and their alterations during ossification. Therefore, we analyzed the peroxisomal compartment in different cell types of mouse cartilage and bone as well as in primary cultures of calvarial osteoblasts. The peroxisome number and metabolism strongly increased in chondrocytes during endochondral ossification from the reserve to the hypertrophic zone, whereas in bone, metabolically active osteoblasts contained a higher numerical abundance of this organelle than osteocytes. The high abundance of peroxisomes in these skeletal cell types is reflected by high levels of Pex11β gene expression. During culture, calvarial pre-osteoblasts differentiated into secretory osteoblasts accompanied by peroxisome proliferation and increased levels of peroxisomal genes and proteins. Since many peroxisomal genes contain a PPAR-responsive element, we analyzed the gene expression of PPARɑ/ß/ɣ in calvarial osteoblasts and MC3T3-E1 cells, revealing higher levels for PPARß than for PPARɑ and PPARɣ. Treatment with different PPAR agonists and antagonists not only changed the peroxisomal compartment and associated gene expression, but also induced complex alterations of the gene expression patterns of the other PPAR family members. Studies in M3CT3-E1 cells showed that the PPARß agonist GW0742 activated the PPRE-mediated luciferase expression and up-regulated peroxisomal gene transcription (Pex11, Pex13, Pex14, Acox1 and Cat), whereas the PPARß antagonist GSK0660 led to repression of the PPRE and a decrease of the corresponding mRNA levels. In the same way, treatment of calvarial osteoblasts with GW0742 increased in peroxisome number and related gene expression and accelerated osteoblast differentiation. Taken together, our results suggest that PPARß regulates the numerical abundance and metabolic function of peroxisomes via Pex11ß in parallel to osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Qian
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 123, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Wei Fan
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 123, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Barbara Ahlemeyer
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 123, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 123, 35385 Giessen, Germany
| | - Eveline Baumgart-Vogt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, Aulweg 123, 35385 Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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85
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Esmaeili M, Ghaedi K, Shoaraye Nejati A, Nematollahi M, Shiralyian H, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Pioglitazone significantly prevented decreased rate of neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells which was reduced by Pex11β knock-down. Neuroscience 2015; 312:35-47. [PMID: 26562432 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes constitute special cellular organelles which display a variety of metabolic functions including fatty acid oxidation and free radical elimination. Abundance of these flexible organelles varies in response to different environmental stimuli. It has been demonstrated that PEX11β, a peroxisomal membrane elongation factor, is involved in the regulation of size, shape and number of peroxisomes. To investigate the role of PEX11β in neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), we generated a stably transduced mESCs line that derives the expression of a short hairpin RNA against Pex11β gene following doxycycline (Dox) induction. Knock-down of Pex11β, during neural differentiation, significantly reduced the expression of neural progenitor cells and mature neuronal markers (p<0.05) indicating that decreased expression of PEX11β suppresses neuronal maturation. Additionally, mRNA levels of other peroxisome-related genes such as PMP70, Pex11α, Catalase, Pex19 and Pex5 were also significantly reduced by Pex11β knock-down (p<0.05). Interestingly, pretreatment of transduced mESCs with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist (pioglitazone (Pio)) ameliorated the inhibitory effects of Pex11β knock down on neural differentiation. Pio also significantly (p<0.05) increased the expression of neural progenitor and mature neuronal markers besides the expression of peroxisomal genes in transduced mESC. Results elucidated the importance of Pex11β expression in neural differentiation of mESCs, thereby highlighting the essential role of peroxisomes in mammalian neural differentiation. The observation that Pio recovered peroxisomal function and improved neural differentiation of Pex11β knocked-down mESCs, proposes a potential new pharmacological implication of Pio for neurogenesis in patients with peroxisomal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Esmaeili
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - K Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran; Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - A Shoaraye Nejati
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Nematollahi
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - H Shiralyian
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M H Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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86
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Molecular mechanisms regulating vascular tone by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2015; 24:123-30. [PMID: 25587903 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent findings on the regulation of vascular tone by the nuclear receptor transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) γ. Much of the recent work utilizes genetic tools to interrogate the significance of PPARγ in endothelial and smooth muscle cells and novel PPARγ target genes have been identified. RECENT FINDINGS Endothelial PPARγ prevents inflammation and oxidative stress, while promoting vasodilation by controlling the regulation of NADPH oxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase gene expression. Moreover, the protective functions of endothelial PPARγ appear more prominent during disease conditions. Novel findings also suggest a role for endothelial PPARγ as a mediator of whole body metabolism. In smooth muscle cells, PPARγ regulates vascular tone by targeting genes involved with contraction and relaxation signaling cascades, some of which is via transcriptional activation, and some through novel mechanisms regulating protein turnover. Furthermore, aberrant changes in renin-angiotensin system components and exacerbated responses to angiotensin II induced vascular dysfunction are observed when PPARγ function is lost in smooth muscle cells. SUMMARY With these recent advances based partially on lessons from patients with PPARγ mutants, we conclude that vascular PPARγ is protective and plays an important role in the regulation of vascular tone.
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87
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Glorieux C, Zamocky M, Sandoval JM, Verrax J, Calderon PB. Regulation of catalase expression in healthy and cancerous cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:84-97. [PMID: 26117330 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Catalase is an important antioxidant enzyme that dismutates hydrogen peroxide into water and molecular oxygen. The catalase gene has all the characteristics of a housekeeping gene (no TATA box, no initiator element sequence, high GC content in promoter) and a core promoter that is highly conserved among species. We demonstrate in this review that within this core promoter, the presence of DNA binding sites for transcription factors, such as NF-Y and Sp1, plays an essential role in the positive regulation of catalase expression. Additional transcription factors, such as FoxO3a, are also involved in this regulatory process. There is strong evidence that the protein Akt/PKB in the PI3K signaling pathway plays a major role in the expression of catalase by modulating the activity of FoxO3a. Over the past decade, other transcription factors (PPARγ, Oct-1, etc.), as well as genetic, epigenetic, and posttranscriptional processes, have emerged as crucial contributors to the regulation of catalase expression. Altered expression levels of catalase have been reported in cancer tissues compared to their normal counterparts. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms that regulate catalase expression could, therefore, be of crucial importance for the future development of pro-oxidant cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Glorieux
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marcel Zamocky
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), A-1190 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juan Marcelo Sandoval
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien Verrax
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pedro Buc Calderon
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, 1100000 Iquique, Chile.
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88
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Mahmoud AM, Al Dera HS. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid exerts protective effects against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity: potential role of PPARγ and Nrf2 upregulation. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:41. [PMID: 26386843 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA) has been proposed as a promising hepatoprotective agent. The current study aimed to investigate the protective action and the possible mechanisms of 18β-GA against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced liver injury in rats, focusing on the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). Rats were administered 18β-GA at doses 25 and 50 mg/kg 2 weeks prior to CP injection. Five days after CP administration, animals were sacrificed and samples were collected. CP induced hepatic damage evidenced by the histopathological changes and significant increase in serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, liver marker enzymes, and liver lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide (NO) levels. 18β-GA counteracted CP-induced oxidative stress and inflammation as assessed by restoration of the antioxidant defenses and diminishing of pro-inflammatory cytokines, lipid peroxidation, and NO production. These hepatoprotective effects appear to depend on activation of Nrf2 and PPARγ, and subsequent suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that 18β-GA exerts hepatoprotective effects against CP through induction of antioxidant defenses and suppression of inflammatory response. This report also confers new information that 18β-GA protects liver against the toxic effect of chemotherapeutic alkylating agents via activation of Nrf2 and PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62514, Egypt.
| | - Hussein S Al Dera
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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89
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Palomba L, Silvestri C, Imperatore R, Morello G, Piscitelli F, Martella A, Cristino L, Di Marzo V. Negative Regulation of Leptin-induced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Formation by Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Activation in Hypothalamic Neurons. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13669-77. [PMID: 25869131 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.646885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipocyte-derived, anorectic hormone leptin was recently shown to owe part of its regulatory effects on appetite-regulating hypothalamic neuropeptides to the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in arcuate nucleus (ARC) neurons. Leptin is also known to exert a negative regulation on hypothalamic endocannabinoid levels and hence on cannabinoid CB1 receptor activity. Here we investigated the possibility of a negative regulation by CB1 receptors of leptin-mediated ROS formation in the ARC. Through pharmacological and molecular biology experiments we report data showing that leptin-induced ROS accumulation is 1) blunted by arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA) in a CB1-dependent manner in both the mouse hypothalamic cell line mHypoE-N41 and ARC neuron primary cultures, 2) likewise blocked by a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, troglitazone, in a manner inhibited by T0070907, a PPAR-γ antagonist that also inhibited the ACEA effect on leptin, 3) blunted under conditions of increased endocannabinoid tone due to either pharmacological or genetic inhibition of endocannabinoid degradation in mHypoE-N41 and primary ARC neuronal cultures from MAGL(-/-) mice, respectively, and 4) associated with reduction of both PPAR-γ and catalase activity, which are reversed by both ACEA and troglitazone. We conclude that CB1 activation reverses leptin-induced ROS formation and hence possibly some of the ROS-mediated effects of the hormone by preventing PPAR-γ inhibition by leptin, with subsequent increase of catalase activity. This mechanism might underlie in part CB1 orexigenic actions under physiopathological conditions accompanied by elevated hypothalamic endocannabinoid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Palomba
- From the Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino 61029, Italy and Endocannabinoid Research Group
| | - Cristoforo Silvestri
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli 80078, Italy
| | - Roberta Imperatore
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli 80078, Italy
| | - Giovanna Morello
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli 80078, Italy
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli 80078, Italy
| | - Andrea Martella
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli 80078, Italy
| | - Luigia Cristino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli 80078, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli 80078, Italy
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90
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Barlaka E, Görbe A, Gáspár R, Pálóczi J, Ferdinandy P, Lazou A. Activation of PPARβ/δ protects cardiac myocytes from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by suppressing generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and expression of matrix metalloproteinases. Pharmacol Res 2015; 95-96:102-10. [PMID: 25828396 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure still remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A major contributing factor is reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) overproduction which is associated with cardiac remodeling partly through cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily and have been implicated in cardioprotection. However, the molecular mechanisms are largely unexplored. In this study we sought to investigate the potential beneficial effects evoked by activation of PPARβ/δ under the setting of oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in adult rat cardiac myocytes. The selective PPARβ/δ agonist GW0742 inhibited the H2O2-induced apoptosis and increased cell viability. In addition, generation of RONS was attenuated in cardiac myocytes in the presence of PPARβ/δ agonist. These effects were abolished in the presence of the PPARβ/δ antagonist indicating that the effect was through PPARβ/δ receptor activation. Treatment with PPARβ/δ agonist was also associated with attenuation of caspase-3 and PARP cleavage, upregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and concomitant downregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax. In addition, activation of PPARβ/δ inhibited the oxidative-stress-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA upregulation. It is concluded that PPARβ/δ activation exerts a cytoprotective effect in adult rat cardiac myocytes subjected to oxidative stress via inhibition of oxidative stress, MMP expression, and apoptosis. Our data suggest that the novel connection between PPAR signaling and MMP down-regulation in cardiac myocytes might represent a new target for the management of oxidative stress-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Barlaka
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Gáspár
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Pálóczi
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Antigone Lazou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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91
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Vergori L, Lauret E, Gaceb A, Beauvillain C, Andriantsitohaina R, Martinez MC. PPARα Regulates Endothelial Progenitor Cell Maturation and Myeloid Lineage Differentiation Through a NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Mechanism in Mice. Stem Cells 2015; 33:1292-303. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Vergori
- INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques; Institut de Biologie en Santé Université d'Angers; Angers France
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biofarmaceutic; University of Bari; Bari Italy
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers; Angers France
| | - Emilie Lauret
- INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques; Institut de Biologie en Santé Université d'Angers; Angers France
| | - Abderahim Gaceb
- INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques; Institut de Biologie en Santé Université d'Angers; Angers France
| | - Céline Beauvillain
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers; Angers France
- INSERM U892, CNRS UMR6299; Université d'Angers; Angers France
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques; Institut de Biologie en Santé Université d'Angers; Angers France
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers; Angers France
| | - M. Carmen Martinez
- INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques; Institut de Biologie en Santé Université d'Angers; Angers France
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers; Angers France
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92
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Targeted mass spectrometry for the analysis of nutritive modulation of catalase and heme oxygenase-1 expression. J Proteomics 2015; 117:58-69. [PMID: 25639505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Comprehensive physiological food assessment requires recording of activity profiles. To elucidate the nutritive regulation of antioxidant enzymes, a generally applicable targeted MS method was established for the expression analysis of catalase and then adapted to heme oxygenase-1. Before tryptic digestion, target proteins were prefractionated by off-gel IEF of stimulated and control cell lysate. Targeted proteome analysis was achieved by LC coupled with scheduled selected reaction monitoring MS using 2 proteotypic peptides per protein and 3-4 transitions per peptide. Relative quantification was performed by stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). The assay showed good correlation with results by Western blot. Linearity, precision, and sensitivity were even improved (LC/SRM vs. Western blot: 3 vs. 1 orders of magnitude, RSD 3.7-13.7% vs. 18.4%, LOD 0.2 vs. 1.6μg/mL). The developed method indicated that coffee does not modulate catalase expression in macrophages (T7cat 103±22%, T17cat 103±16%, p>0.05 vs. control), but leads to a highly significant increase of heme oxygenase-1 expression (T15Ho-1 420±24%, T22Ho-1 364±37%, p<0.001 vs. control, p>0.05 T15Ho-1 vs. T22Ho-1). In regard to multiplex options of the method, targeted proteome analysis can be a valuable tool for the comprehensive analysis of cellular effects of food components. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In the present study, targeted mass spectrometry was applied to determine the influence of food components on the expression of antioxidative enzymes. The results implicate that targeted proteomics may develop into a valuable tool in food science and nutrition to determine the physiological effects of nutrients. In contrast to conventional methods for expression analysis, targeted proteome analysis can be applied to monitor the effects of a food component on a broad range of cellular targets in parallel. Additionally, proteins or protein modifications can be addressed which elude immunochemical methods.
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93
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Zhao XR, Gonzales N, Aronowski J. Pleiotropic role of PPARγ in intracerebral hemorrhage: an intricate system involving Nrf2, RXR, and NF-κB. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 21:357-66. [PMID: 25430543 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke involving formation of hematoma within brain parenchyma, which accounts for 8-15% of all strokes in Western societies and 20-30% among Asian populations, and has a 1-year mortality rate >50%. The high mortality and severe morbidity make ICH a major public health problem. Only a few evidence-based targeted treatments are used for ICH management, and interventions focus primarily on supportive care and comorbidity prevention. Even in patients who survive the ictus, extravasated blood (including plasma components) and subsequent intrahematoma hemolytic products trigger a series of adverse events within the brain parenchyma, leading to secondary brain injury, edema and severe neurological deficits or death. Although the hematoma in humans gradually resolves within months, full restoration of neurological function can be slow and often incomplete, leaving survivors with devastating neurological deficits. During past years, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) transcription factor and its agonists received recognition as important players in regulating not only glucose and lipid metabolism (which underlies its therapeutic effect in type 2 diabetes mellitus), and more recently, as an instrumental pleiotropic regulator of antiinflammation, antioxidative regulation, and phagocyte-mediated cleanup processes. PPARγ agonists have emerged as potential therapeutic target for stroke. The use of PPARγ as a therapeutic target appears to have particularly strong compatibility toward pathogenic components of ICH. In addition to its direct genomic effect, PPARγ may interact with transcription factor, NF-κB, which may underlie many aspects of the antiinflammatory effect of PPARγ. Furthermore, PPARγ appears to regulate expression of Nrf2, another transcription factor and master regulator of detoxification and antioxidative regulation. Finally, the synergistic costimulation of PPARγ and retinoid X receptor, RXR, may play an additional role in the therapeutic modulation of PPARγ function. In this article, we outline the main components of the role of PPARγ in ICH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Rong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Research Center, University of Texas Medical School - Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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94
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Mahmoud AM, Germoush MO, Soliman AS. Berberine Attenuates Isoniazid-Induced Hepatotoxicity by Modulating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. INT J PHARMACOL 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.451.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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95
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Salcher S, Hagenbuchner J, Geiger K, Seiter MA, Rainer J, Kofler R, Hermann M, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Ausserlechner MJ, Obexer P. C10ORF10/DEPP, a transcriptional target of FOXO3, regulates ROS-sensitivity in human neuroblastoma. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:224. [PMID: 25261981 PMCID: PMC4197242 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background FOXO transcription factors control cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which critically contribute to cell survival and cell death in neuroblastoma. In the present study we investigated the regulation of C10orf10/DEPP by the transcription factor FOXO3. As a physiological function of C10orf10/DEPP has not been described so far we analyzed its effects on cellular ROS detoxification and death sensitization in human neuroblastoma cells. Methods The effect of DEPP on cellular ROS was measured by catalase activity assay and live cell fluorescence microscopy using the ROS-sensitive dye reduced MitoTracker Red CM-H2XROS. The cellular localization of DEPP was determined by confocal microscopy of EYFP-tagged DEPP, fluorescent peroxisomal- and mitochondrial probes and co-immunoprecipitation of the PEX7 receptor. Results We report for the first time that DEPP regulates ROS detoxification and localizes to peroxisomes and mitochondria in neuroblastoma cells. FOXO3-mediated apoptosis involves a biphasic ROS accumulation. Knockdown of DEPP prevented the primary and secondary ROS wave during FOXO3 activation and attenuated FOXO3- and H2O2-induced apoptosis. Conditional overexpression of DEPP elevates cellular ROS levels and sensitizes to H2O2 and etoposide-induced cell death. In neuronal cells, cellular ROS are mainly detoxified in peroxisomes by the enzyme CAT/catalase. As DEPP contains a peroxisomal-targeting-signal-type-2 (PTS2) sequence at its N-terminus that allows binding to the PEX7 receptor and import into peroxisomes, we analyzed the effect of DEPP on cellular detoxification by measuring enzyme activity of catalase. Catalase activity was reduced in DEPP-overexpressing cells and significantly increased in DEPP-knockdown cells. DEPP directly interacts with the PEX7 receptor and localizes to the peroxisomal compartment. In parallel, the expression of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), a critical regulator of catalase enzyme activity, was strongly upregulated in DEPP-knockdown cells. Conclusion The combined data indicate that in neuroblastoma DEPP localizes to peroxisomes and mitochondria and impairs cellular ROS detoxification, which sensitizes tumor cells to ROS-induced cell death. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-224) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael J Ausserlechner
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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96
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Yang T, Li X, Zhu W, Chen C, Sun Z, Tan Z, Kang J. Alteration of antioxidant enzymes and associated genes induced by grape seed extracts in the primary muscle cells of goats in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107670. [PMID: 25238394 PMCID: PMC4169554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate how the activity and expression of certain paramount antioxidant enzymes respond to grape seed extract (GSE) addition in primary muscle cells of goats. Gluteal primary muscle cells (PMCs) isolated from a 3-week old goat were cultivated as an unstressed cell model, or they were exposed to 100 µM H2O2 to establish a H2O2-stimulated cell model. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutases (SOD) and glutathione peroxidases (GPx) in combination with other relevant antioxidant indexes [i.e., reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC)] in response to GSE addition were tested in the unstressed and H2O2-stimulated cell models, and the relative mRNA levels of the CAT, GuZu-SOD, and GPx-1 genes were measured by qPCR. In unstressed PMCs, GSE addition at the dose of 10 µg/ml strikingly attenuated the expression levels of CAT and CuZn-SOD as well as the corresponding enzyme activities. By contrast, in cells pretreated with 100 µM H2O2, the expression and activity levels of these two antioxidant enzymes were enhanced by GSE addition at 10 µg/ml. GSE addition promoted GPx activity in both unstressed and stressed PMCs, while the expression of the GPx 1 gene displayed partial divergence with GPx activity, which was mitigated by GSE addition at 10 µg/ml in unstressed PMCs. GSH remained comparatively stable except for GSE addition to H2O2-stimulated PMCs at 60 µg/ml, in which a dramatic depletion of GSH occurred. Moreover, GSE addition enhanced TAOC in unstressed (but not H2O2-stimulated) PMCs. GSE addition exerted a bidirectional modulating effect on the mRNA levels and activities of CAT and SOD in unstressed and stressed PMCs at a moderate dose, and it only exhibited a unidirectional effect on the promotion of GPx activity, reflecting its potential to improve antioxidant protection in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Wang Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Feed and Molecular Nutrition, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (ZS); (ZT)
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (ZS); (ZT)
| | - Jinghe Kang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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97
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Pei Z, Meng R, Zhuang Z, Zhao Y, Liu F, Zhu MZ, Li R. Cardiac peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ expression is modulated by oxidative stress in acutely infrasound-exposed cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2014; 13:307-15. [PMID: 23632742 PMCID: PMC3834180 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-013-9211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of acute infrasound exposure on oxidative damage and investigate the underlying mechanisms in rat cardiomyocytes. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured and exposed to infrasound for several days. In the study, the expression of CAT, GPx, SOD1, and SOD2 and their activities in rat cardiomyocytes in infrasound exposure groups were significantly decreased compared to those in the various time controls, along with significantly higher levels of O2− and H2O2. Decreased cardiac cell viability was not observed in various time controls. A significant reduction in cardiac cell viability was observed in the infrasound group compared to the control, while significantly increased cardiac cell viability was observed in the infrasound exposure and rosiglitazone pretreatment group. Compared to the control, rosiglitazone significantly upregulated CAT, GPx, SOD1, and SOD2 expression and their activities in rat cardiomyocytes exposed to infrasound, while the levels of O2− or H2O2 were significantly decreased. A potential link between a significant downregulation of PPAR-γ expression in rat cardiomyocytes in the infrasound group was compared to the control and infrasound-induced oxidative stress. These findings indicate that infrasound can induce oxidative damage in rat cardiomyocytes by inactivating PPAR-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Pei
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, 330009, Jiangxi, China,
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98
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Menon D, Coll R, O'Neill LAJ, Board PG. Glutathione transferase omega 1 is required for the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated induction of NADPH oxidase 1 and the production of reactive oxygen species in macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 73:318-27. [PMID: 24873723 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of macrophages and inflammation via the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway through NF-κΒ generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα. Because glutathione transferase Omega 1-1 (GSTO1-1) can catalyze redox reactions such as the deglutathionylation of proteins and has also been implicated in the release of IL-1β we investigated its role in the development of LPS-mediated inflammation. Our data show that shRNA knockdown of GSTO1-1 in macrophage-like J774.1A cells blocks the expression of NADPH oxidase 1 and the generation of ROS after LPS stimulation. Similar results were obtained with a GSTO1-1 inhibitor. To maintain high ROS levels during an inflammatory response, LPS stimulation causes the suppression of enzymes such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase that protect against oxidative stress. The knockdown of GSTO1-1 also attenuates this response. Our data indicate that GSTO1-1 needs to be catalytically active and mediates its effects on the LPS/TLR4 inflammatory pathway upstream of NF-κΒ. These data suggest that GSTO1-1 is a novel target for anti-inflammatory intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Menon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Rebecca Coll
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Philip G Board
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
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Oxaliplatin neurotoxicity involves peroxisome alterations. PPARγ agonism as preventive pharmacological approach. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102758. [PMID: 25036594 PMCID: PMC4103888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of neuropathic syndromes is an important, dose limiting side effect of anticancer agents like platinum derivates, taxanes and vinca alkaloids. The causes of neurotoxicity are still unclear but the impairment of the oxidative equilibrium is strictly related to pain. Two intracellular organelles, mitochondria and peroxisomes cooperate to the maintaining of the redox cellular state. Whereas a relationship between chemotherapy-dependent mitochondrial alteration and neuropathy has been established, the role of peroxisome is poor explored. In order to study the mechanisms of oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity, peroxisomal involvement was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In primary rat astrocyte cell culture, oxaliplatin (10 µM for 48 h or 1 µM for 5 days) increased the number of peroxisomes, nevertheless expression and functionality of catalase, the most important antioxidant defense enzyme in mammalian peroxisomes, were significantly reduced. Five day incubation with the selective Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) antagonist G3335 (30 µM) induced a similar peroxisomal impairment suggesting a relationship between PPARγ signaling and oxaliplatin neurotoxicity. The PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (10 µM) reduced the harmful effects induced both by G3335 and oxaliplatin. In vivo, in a rat model of oxaliplatin induced neuropathy, a repeated treatment with rosiglitazone (3 and 10 mg kg−1 per os) significantly reduced neuropathic pain evoked by noxious (Paw pressure test) and non-noxious (Cold plate test) stimuli. The behavioral effect paralleled with the prevention of catalase impairment induced by oxaliplatin in dorsal root ganglia. In the spinal cord, catalase protection was showed by the lower rosiglitazone dosage without effect on the astrocyte density increase induced by oxaliplatin. Rosiglitazone did not alter the oxaliplatin-induced mortality of the human colon cancer cell line HT-29. These results highlight the role of peroxisomes in oxaliplatin-dependent nervous damage and suggest PPARγ stimulation as a candidate to counteract oxaliplatin neurotoxicity.
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100
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Patel SA, Velingkaar NS, Kondratov RV. Transcriptional control of antioxidant defense by the circadian clock. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2997-3006. [PMID: 24111970 PMCID: PMC4038985 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The circadian clock, an internal timekeeping system, is implicated in the regulation of metabolism and physiology, and circadian dysfunctions are associated with pathological changes in model organisms and increased risk of some diseases in humans. RECENT ADVANCES Data obtained in different organisms, including humans, have established a tight connection between the clock and cellular redox signaling making it among the major candidates for a link between the circadian system and physiological processes. CRITICAL ISSUES In spite of the recent progress in understanding the importance of the circadian clock in the regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis, molecular mechanisms and key regulators are mostly unknown. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Here we review, with an emphasis on transcriptional control, the circadian-clock-dependent control of oxidative stress response system as a potential mechanism in age-associated diseases. We will discuss the roles of the core clock components such as brain and muscle ARNT-like 1, Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput, the circadian-clock-controlled transcriptional factors such as nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and circadian clock control chromatin modifying enzymes from sirtuin family in the regulation of cellular and organism antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal A Patel
- Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences Department, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University , Cleveland, Ohio
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