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Tan Q, Ma XY, Liu W, Meridew JA, Jones DL, Haak AJ, Sicard D, Ligresti G, Tschumperlin DJ. Nascent Lung Organoids Reveal Epithelium- and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-mediated Suppression of Fibroblast Activation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:607-619. [PMID: 31050552 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0390oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are pivotal in lung development, homeostasis, injury, and repair. Organoids have been used to investigate such interactions, but with a major focus on epithelial responses to mesenchyme and less attention to epithelial effects on mesenchyme. In the present study, we used nascent organoids composed of human and mouse lung epithelial and mesenchymal cells to demonstrate that healthy lung epithelium dramatically represses transcriptional, contractile, and matrix synthetic functions of lung fibroblasts. Repression of fibroblast activation requires signaling via the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway. BMP signaling is diminished after epithelial injury in vitro and in vivo, and exogenous BMP4 restores fibroblast repression in injured organoids. In contrast, inhibition of BMP signaling in healthy organoids is sufficient to derepress fibroblast matrix synthetic function. Our results reveal potent repression of fibroblast activation by healthy lung epithelium and a novel mechanism by which epithelial loss or injury is intrinsically coupled to mesenchymal activation via loss of repressive BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tan
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xiao Yin Ma
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jeffrey A Meridew
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Dakota L Jones
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andrew J Haak
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Delphine Sicard
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Giovanni Ligresti
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Young RE, Jones MK, Hines EA, Li R, Luo Y, Shi W, Verheyden JM, Sun X. Smooth Muscle Differentiation Is Essential for Airway Size, Tracheal Cartilage Segmentation, but Dispensable for Epithelial Branching. Dev Cell 2020; 53:73-85.e5. [PMID: 32142630 PMCID: PMC7540204 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle is best known for its role as an airway constrictor in diseases such as asthma. However, its function in lung development is debated. A prevalent model, supported by in vitro data, posits that airway smooth muscle promotes lung branching through peristalsis and pushing intraluminal fluid to branching tips. Here, we test this model in vivo by inactivating Myocardin, which prevented airway smooth muscle differentiation. We found that Myocardin mutants show normal branching, despite the absence of peristalsis. In contrast, tracheal cartilage, vasculature, and neural innervation patterns were all disrupted. Furthermore, airway diameter is reduced in the mutant, counter to the expectation that the absence of smooth muscle constriction would lead to a more relaxed and thereby wider airway. These findings together demonstrate that during development, while airway smooth muscle is dispensable for epithelial branching, it is integral for building the tracheal architecture and promoting airway growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randee E Young
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mary-Kayt Jones
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Hines
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Rongbo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yongfeng Luo
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Jamie M Verheyden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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53
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Miller AJ, Yu Q, Czerwinski M, Tsai YH, Conway RF, Wu A, Holloway EM, Walker T, Glass IA, Treutlein B, Camp JG, Spence JR. In Vitro and In Vivo Development of the Human Airway at Single-Cell Resolution. Dev Cell 2020; 53:117-128.e6. [PMID: 32109386 PMCID: PMC7396815 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bud tip progenitor cells give rise to all murine lung epithelial lineages and have been described in the developing human lung; however, the mechanisms controlling human bud tip differentiation into specific lineages are unclear. Here, we used homogeneous human bud tip organoid cultures and identified SMAD signaling as a key regulator of the bud tip-to-airway transition. SMAD induction led to the differentiation of airway-like organoids possessing functional basal cells capable of clonal expansion and multilineage differentiation. To benchmark in vitro-derived organoids, we developed a single-cell mRNA sequencing atlas of the human lung from 11.5 to 21 weeks of development, which revealed high degrees of similarity between the in vitro-derived and in vivo airway. Together, this work sheds light on human airway differentiation in vitro and provides a single-cell atlas of the developing human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J Miller
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qianhui Yu
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Czerwinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Renee F Conway
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Angeline Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily M Holloway
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Taylor Walker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - J Gray Camp
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jason R Spence
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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54
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Barbry P, Cavard A, Chanson M, Jaffe AB, Plasschaert LW. Regeneration of airway epithelial cells to study rare cell states in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 19 Suppl 1:S42-S46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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55
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Kılıç A, Ameli A, Park JA, Kho AT, Tantisira K, Santolini M, Cheng F, Mitchel JA, McGill M, O'Sullivan MJ, De Marzio M, Sharma A, Randell SH, Drazen JM, Fredberg JJ, Weiss ST. Mechanical forces induce an asthma gene signature in healthy airway epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:966. [PMID: 31969610 PMCID: PMC6976696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchospasm compresses the bronchial epithelium, and this compressive stress has been implicated in asthma pathogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which this compressive stress alters pathways relevant to disease are not well understood. Using air-liquid interface cultures of primary human bronchial epithelial cells derived from non-asthmatic donors and asthmatic donors, we applied a compressive stress and then used a network approach to map resulting changes in the molecular interactome. In cells from non-asthmatic donors, compression by itself was sufficient to induce inflammatory, late repair, and fibrotic pathways. Remarkably, this molecular profile of non-asthmatic cells after compression recapitulated the profile of asthmatic cells before compression. Together, these results show that even in the absence of any inflammatory stimulus, mechanical compression alone is sufficient to induce an asthma-like molecular signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Kılıç
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asher Ameli
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alvin T Kho
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelan Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Santolini
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), Paris, F-75014, France
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
| | - Jennifer A Mitchel
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maureen McGill
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J O'Sullivan
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margherita De Marzio
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amitabh Sharma
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Drazen
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Fredberg
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Molecular Integrative Phyisological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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56
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Shafiquzzaman M, Biswas S, Li P, Mishina Y, Li B, Liu H. The noncanonical BMP signaling pathway plays an important role in club cell regeneration. Stem Cells 2019; 38:437-450. [PMID: 31758827 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bronchiole is a major site for the development of several life-threatening disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung adenocarcinomas. The bronchiolar epithelium is composed of club cells and ciliated epithelial cells, with club cells serving as progenitor cells. Presently, the identity of the cells involved in regeneration of bronchiolar epithelium and the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that Prrx1, a homeobox transcription factor, can mark club cells in adult mice during homeostasis and regeneration. We further show that the noncanonical signaling pathway of BMPs, BMPR1A-Tak1-p38MAPK, plays a critical role in club cell regeneration. Ablation of Bmpr1a, Tak1, or Mapk14 (encoding p38α) in Prrx1+ club cells caused minimal effect on bronchiolar epithelium homeostasis, yet it resulted in severe defects in club cell regeneration and bronchiole repair in adult mice. We further show that this pathway supports proliferation and expansion of the regenerating club cells. Our findings thus identify a marker for club cells and reveal a critical role for the BMP noncanonical pathway in club cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafiquzzaman
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetics Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,National Institute of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Soma Biswas
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Baojie Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Stem Cell Research, The Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Metabolic Bone Disease and Genetics Research Unit, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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57
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Kiyokawa H, Morimoto M. Notch signaling in the mammalian respiratory system, specifically the trachea and lungs, in development, homeostasis, regeneration, and disease. Dev Growth Differ 2019; 62:67-79. [PMID: 31613406 PMCID: PMC7028093 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory system has ideal tissue structure and cell types for efficient gas exchange to intake oxygen and release carbon dioxide. This complex system develops through orchestrated intercellular signaling among various cell types, such as club, ciliated, basal, neuroendocrine, AT1, AT2, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells. Notch signaling is a highly conserved cell-cell signaling pathway ideally suited for very short-range cellular communication because Notch signals are transmitted by direct contact with an adjacent cell. Enthusiastic efforts by Notch researchers over the last two decades have led to the identification of critical roles of this signaling pathway during development, homeostasis, and regeneration of the respiratory system. The dysregulation of Notch signaling results in a wide range of respiratory diseases such as pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and lung cancer. Thus, a deep understanding of the biological functions of Notch signaling will help identify novel treatment targets in various respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Kiyokawa
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Morimoto
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
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58
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Fujino N, Brand OJ, Morgan DJ, Fujimori T, Grabiec AM, Jagger CP, Maciewicz RA, Yamada M, Itakura K, Sugiura H, Ichinose M, Hussell T. Sensing of apoptotic cells through Axl causes lung basal cell proliferation in inflammatory diseases. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2184-2201. [PMID: 31289116 PMCID: PMC6719415 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell proliferation, division, and differentiation are critical for barrier repair following inflammation, but the initial trigger for this process is unknown. Here we define that sensing of apoptotic cells by the TAM receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is a critical indicator for tracheal basal cell expansion, cell cycle reentry, and symmetrical cell division. Furthermore, once the pool of tracheal basal cells has expanded, silencing of Axl is required for their differentiation. Genetic depletion of Axl triggers asymmetrical cell division, leading to epithelial differentiation and ciliated cell regeneration. This discovery has implications for conditions associated with epithelial barrier dysfunction, basal cell hyperplasia, and continued turnover of dying cells in patients with chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Fujino
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Oliver J Brand
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David J Morgan
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Toshifumi Fujimori
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Aleksander M Grabiec
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Christopher P Jagger
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rose A Maciewicz
- Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koji Itakura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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59
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Giuranno L, Wansleeben C, Iannone R, Arathoon L, Hounjet J, Groot AJ, Vooijs M. NOTCH signaling promotes the survival of irradiated basal airway stem cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L414-L423. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00197.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury to normal airway epithelium is a frequent side-effect and dose-limiting factor in radiotherapy of tumors in the thoracic cavity. NOTCH signaling plays key roles in self-renewal and differentiation of upper airway basal lung stem cells during development, and the NOTCH pathway is frequently deregulated in lung cancer. In preclinical lung cancer models, NOTCH inhibition was shown to improve the radiotherapy response by targeting tumor stem cells, but the effects in combination with irradiation on normal lung stem cells are unknown. NOTCH/γ-secretase inhibitors are potent clinical candidates to block NOTCH function in tumors, but their clinical implementation has been hampered by normal tissue side-effects. Here we show that NOTCH signaling is active in primary human- and murine-derived airway epithelial stem cell models and when combined with radiation NOTCH inhibition provokes a decrease in S-phase and increase in G1-phase arrest. We show that NOTCH inhibition in irradiated lung basal stem cells leads to a more potent activation of the DNA damage checkpoint kinases pATM and pCHK2 and results in an increased level of residual 53BP1 foci in irradiated lung basal stem cells reducing their capacity for self-renewal. The effects are recapitulated in ex vivo cultured lung basal stem cells after in vivo whole thorax irradiation and NOTCH inhibition. These results highlight the importance of studying normal tissue effects that may counteract the therapeutic benefit in the use of NOTCH/γ-secretase inhibitors in combination with radiation for antitumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Giuranno
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien Wansleeben
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Raffaella Iannone
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Louise Arathoon
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Hounjet
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan J. Groot
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Vooijs
- Department of Radiotherapy (MAASTRO), GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Goodwin AT, Singanayagam A, Jenkins G. Review of the British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2018, 5-7 December 2018, London, UK. Thorax 2019; 74:1168-1173. [PMID: 31383777 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Winter Meeting of the British Thoracic Society (BTS) is a platform for the latest clinical and scientific research in respiratory medicine. This review summarises some key symposia and presentations from the BTS Winter Meeting 2018. METHODS Key symposia and research presentations from the BTS Winter Meeting 2018 were attended and reviewed by the authors. RESULTS The seminal messages from the latest clinical and scientific research covering a range of respiratory diseases, including asthma, interstitial lung disease, infection, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary vascular disease, pleural disease and occupational lung disease were summarised in this review. DISCUSSION The BTS Winter Meeting 2018 brought the very best of respiratory research to an audience of scientists, physicians, nurses and allied health professionals. The Winter Meeting continues to be a highlight of the UK respiratory research calendar, and we look forward to the next meeting in December 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda T Goodwin
- Nottingham NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Aran Singanayagam
- COPD and Asthma Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, London, UK
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- Nottingham NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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61
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Cellular crosstalk in the development and regeneration of the respiratory system. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:551-566. [PMID: 31217577 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory system, including the peripheral lungs, large airways and trachea, is one of the most recently evolved adaptations to terrestrial life. To support the exchange of respiratory gases, the respiratory system is interconnected with the cardiovascular system, and this interconnective nature requires a complex interplay between a myriad of cell types. Until recently, this complexity has hampered our understanding of how the respiratory system develops and responds to postnatal injury to maintain homeostasis. The advent of new single-cell sequencing technologies, developments in cellular and tissue imaging and advances in cell lineage tracing have begun to fill this gap. The view that emerges from these studies is that cellular and functional heterogeneity of the respiratory system is even greater than expected and also highly adaptive. In this Review, we explore the cellular crosstalk that coordinates the development and regeneration of the respiratory system. We discuss both the classic cell and developmental biology studies and recent single-cell analysis to provide an integrated understanding of the cellular niches that control how the respiratory system develops, interacts with the external environment and responds to injury.
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62
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Zuo WL, Yang J, Strulovici-Barel Y, Salit J, Rostami M, Mezey JG, O'Beirne SL, Kaner RJ, Crystal RG. Exaggerated BMP4 signalling alters human airway basal progenitor cell differentiation to cigarette smoking-related phenotypes. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.02553-2017. [PMID: 30705127 PMCID: PMC8048147 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02553-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodelling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) originates, in part, from smoking-induced changes in airway basal stem/progenitor cells (BCs). Based on the knowledge that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) influences epithelial progenitor function in the developing and adult mouse lung, we hypothesised that BMP4 signalling may regulate the biology of adult human airway BCs relevant to COPD.BMP4 signalling components in human airway epithelium were analysed at the mRNA and protein levels, and the differentiation of BCs was assessed using the BC expansion and air-liquid interface models in the absence/presence of BMP4, BMP receptor inhibitor and/or small interfering RNAs against BMP receptors and downstream signalling.The data demonstrate that in cigarette smokers, BMP4 is upregulated in ciliated and intermediate undifferentiated cells, and expression of the BMP4 receptor BMPR1A is enriched in BCs. BMP4 induced BCs to acquire a smoking-related abnormal phenotype in vitro mediated by BMPR1A/Smad signalling, characterised by decreased capacity to differentiate into normal mucociliary epithelium, while generating squamous metaplasia.Exaggerated BMP4 signalling promotes cigarette smoking-relevant airway epithelial remodelling by inducing abnormal phenotypes in human airway BCs. Targeting of BMP4 signalling in airway BCs may represent a novel target to prevent/treat COPD-associated airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Lin Zuo
- Dept of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Dept of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline Salit
- Dept of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mahboubeh Rostami
- Dept of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason G Mezey
- Dept of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah L O'Beirne
- Dept of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Kaner
- Dept of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Dept of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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63
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YAP, ΔNp63, and β-Catenin Signaling Pathways Are Involved in the Modulation of Corneal Epithelial Stem Cell Phenotype Induced by Substrate Stiffness. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040347. [PMID: 31013745 PMCID: PMC6523807 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have established that the phenotype of epithelial stem cells residing in the corneal periphery (the limbus) depends on this niche’s distinct biomechanical properties. However, the signaling pathways underlying this dependency are still poorly understood. To address this issue, we investigated the effect of substrate stiffness on the migration, proliferation, and molecular phenotype of human limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs). Specifically, we demonstrated that cells grown on collagen-based substrates with limbus-like compliance showed higher proliferation and stratification and lower migration capabilities, as well as higher levels of pro-proliferative markers Ki67 and β-Catenin, and LESC markers ΔNp63, ABCG2, and CK15. In contrast, cells on stiffer substrates lost these stem/progenitor cell markers, but instead expressed the key mechanotransduction factor YAP, as well as elevated levels of BMP4, a promotor of cell differentiation known to be negatively regulated by Wnt/β-Catenin signaling. This data allowed us to propose a new model that integrates the various molecular pathways involved in LESC response to substrate stiffness. This model will potentially be a useful guide to future research on the mechanisms underlying LESC loss following fibrosis-causing injuries.
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64
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Sachs N, Papaspyropoulos A, Zomer-van Ommen DD, Heo I, Böttinger L, Klay D, Weeber F, Huelsz-Prince G, Iakobachvili N, Amatngalim GD, de Ligt J, van Hoeck A, Proost N, Viveen MC, Lyubimova A, Teeven L, Derakhshan S, Korving J, Begthel H, Dekkers JF, Kumawat K, Ramos E, van Oosterhout MF, Offerhaus GJ, Wiener DJ, Olimpio EP, Dijkstra KK, Smit EF, van der Linden M, Jaksani S, van de Ven M, Jonkers J, Rios AC, Voest EE, van Moorsel CH, van der Ent CK, Cuppen E, van Oudenaarden A, Coenjaerts FE, Meyaard L, Bont LJ, Peters PJ, Tans SJ, van Zon JS, Boj SF, Vries RG, Beekman JM, Clevers H. Long-term expanding human airway organoids for disease modeling. EMBO J 2019; 38:e100300. [PMID: 30643021 PMCID: PMC6376275 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 548] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids are self-organizing 3D structures grown from stem cells that recapitulate essential aspects of organ structure and function. Here, we describe a method to establish long-term-expanding human airway organoids from broncho-alveolar resections or lavage material. The pseudostratified airway organoids consist of basal cells, functional multi-ciliated cells, mucus-producing secretory cells, and CC10-secreting club cells. Airway organoids derived from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients allow assessment of CFTR function in an organoid swelling assay. Organoids established from lung cancer resections and metastasis biopsies retain tumor histopathology as well as cancer gene mutations and are amenable to drug screening. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection recapitulates central disease features, dramatically increases organoid cell motility via the non-structural viral NS2 protein, and preferentially recruits neutrophils upon co-culturing. We conclude that human airway organoids represent versatile models for the in vitro study of hereditary, malignant, and infectious pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Sachs
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Inha Heo
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lena Böttinger
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dymph Klay
- St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Fleur Weeber
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Natalie Proost
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA) Preclinical Intervention Unit, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anna Lyubimova
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Teeven
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sepideh Derakhshan
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Korving
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Begthel
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna F Dekkers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kuldeep Kumawat
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emilio Ramos
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Dominique J Wiener
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Egbert F Smit
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marieke van de Ven
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA) Preclinical Intervention Unit, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA) Preclinical Intervention Unit, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne C Rios
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emile E Voest
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Linde Meyaard
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louis J Bont
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Sylvia F Boj
- Hubrecht Organoid Technology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeffrey M Beekman
- Wilhelmina Children's Hospital and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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65
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Gkatzis K, Taghizadeh S, Huh D, Stainier DYR, Bellusci S. Use of three-dimensional organoids and lung-on-a-chip methods to study lung development, regeneration and disease. Eur Respir J 2018; 52:13993003.00876-2018. [PMID: 30262579 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00876-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Differences in lung anatomy between mice and humans, as well as frequently disappointing results when using animal models for drug discovery, emphasise the unmet need for in vitro models that can complement animal studies and improve our understanding of human lung physiology, regeneration and disease. Recent papers have highlighted the use of three-dimensional organoids and organs-on-a-chip to mimic tissue morphogenesis and function in vitro Here, we focus on the respiratory system and provide an overview of these in vitro models, which can be derived from primary lung cells and pluripotent stem cells, as well as healthy or diseased lungs. We emphasise their potential application in studies of respiratory development, regeneration and disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Gkatzis
- Dept of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sara Taghizadeh
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dongeun Huh
- Dept of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Dept of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany and German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
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66
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Chacón-Martínez CA, Koester J, Wickström SA. Signaling in the stem cell niche: regulating cell fate, function and plasticity. Development 2018; 145:145/15/dev165399. [PMID: 30068689 DOI: 10.1242/dev.165399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have the ability to self-renew and differentiate along multiple lineages, driving tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Paradigms of unidirectional, hierarchical differentiation trajectories observed in embryonic and hematopoietic stem cells have traditionally been applied to tissue-resident stem cells. However, accumulating evidence implicates stemness as a bidirectional, dynamic state that is largely governed by the niche, which facilitates plasticity and adaptability to changing conditions. In this Review, we discuss mechanisms of cell fate regulation through niche-derived cues, with a particular focus on epithelial stem cells of the mammalian skin, intestine and lung. We discuss a spectrum of niche-derived biochemical, mechanical and architectural inputs that define stem cell states during morphogenesis, homeostasis and regeneration, and highlight how these diverse inputs influence stem cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Andrés Chacón-Martínez
- Paul Gerson Unna Group 'Skin Homeostasis and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Janis Koester
- Paul Gerson Unna Group 'Skin Homeostasis and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Paul Gerson Unna Group 'Skin Homeostasis and Ageing', Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, D-50931 Cologne, Germany .,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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67
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Li Q, Jiao J, Li H, Wan H, Zheng C, Cai J, Bao S. Histone arginine methylation by Prmt5 is required for lung branching morphogenesis through repression of BMP signaling. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.217406. [PMID: 29950483 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis is essential for the successful development of a functional lung to accomplish its gas exchange function. Although many studies have highlighted requirements for the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway during branching morphogenesis, little is known about how BMP signaling is regulated. Here, we report that the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5) and symmetric dimethylation at histone H4 arginine 3 (H4R3sme2) directly associate with chromatin of Bmp4 to suppress its transcription. Inactivation of Prmt5 in the lung epithelium results in halted branching morphogenesis, altered epithelial cell differentiation and neonatal lethality. These defects are accompanied by increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation of lung epithelium, as a consequence of elevated canonical BMP-Smad1/5/9 signaling. Inhibition of BMP signaling by Noggin rescues the lung branching defects of Prmt5 mutant in vitro Taken together, our results identify a novel mechanism through which Prmt5-mediated histone arginine methylation represses canonical BMP signaling to regulate lung branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajing Wan
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, and Department of Pediatrics, Huaxi Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilai Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China .,School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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68
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Morrisey EE, Rustgi AK. The Lung and Esophagus: Developmental and Regenerative Overlap. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:738-748. [PMID: 29871822 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung and esophageal development and organogenesis involve a complex interplay of signaling pathways and transcriptional factors. Once the lung and esophagus do separate, their epithelial proliferation and differentiation programs share certain common properties that may fuel adaptive responses to injury and subsequent regeneration. Lung and esophageal tissue organogenesis and regeneration provide perspectives on squamous cell cancers and adenocarcinomas in each tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward E Morrisey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Biology, Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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69
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Chung MI, Bujnis M, Barkauskas CE, Kobayashi Y, Hogan BLM. Niche-mediated BMP/SMAD signaling regulates lung alveolar stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Development 2018; 145:dev163014. [PMID: 29752282 PMCID: PMC5992594 DOI: 10.1242/dev.163014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway, including antagonists, functions in lung development and regeneration of tracheal epithelium from basal stem cells. Here, we explore its role in the alveolar region, where type 2 epithelial cells (AT2s) and Pdgfrα+ type 2-associated stromal cells (TASCs) are components of the stem cell niche. We use organoids and in vivo alveolar regrowth after pneumonectomy (PNX) - a process that requires proliferation of AT2s and differentiation into type 1 cells (AT1s). BMP signaling is active in AT2s and TASCs, transiently declines post-PNX in association with upregulation of antagonists, and is restored during differentiation of AT2s to AT1s. In organoids, BMP4 inhibits AT2 proliferation, whereas antagonists (follistatin, noggin) promote AT2 self-renewal at the expense of differentiation. Gain- and loss-of-function genetic manipulation reveals that reduced BMP signaling in AT2s after PNX allows self-renewal but reduces differentiation; conversely, increased BMP signaling promotes AT1 formation. Constitutive BMP signaling in Pdgfrα+ cells reduces their AT2 support function, both after PNX and in organoid culture. Our data reveal multiple cell-type-specific roles for BMP signaling during alveolar regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-I Chung
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Melissa Bujnis
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christina E Barkauskas
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brigid L M Hogan
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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70
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Ge Y, Fuchs E. Stretching the limits: from homeostasis to stem cell plasticity in wound healing and cancer. Nat Rev Genet 2018; 19:311-325. [PMID: 29479084 PMCID: PMC6301069 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2018.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) govern tissue homeostasis and wound repair. They reside within niches, the special microenvironments within tissues that control SC lineage outputs. Upon injury or stress, new signals emanating from damaged tissue can divert nearby cells into adopting behaviours that are not part of their homeostatic repertoire. This behaviour, known as SC plasticity, typically resolves as wounds heal. However, in cancer, it can endure. Recent studies have yielded insights into the orchestrators of maintenance and lineage commitment for SCs belonging to three mammalian tissues: the haematopoietic system, the skin epithelium and the intestinal epithelium. We delineate the multifactorial determinants and general principles underlying the remarkable facets of SC plasticity, which lend promise for regenerative medicine and cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejing Ge
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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71
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Lynch TJ, Anderson PJ, Rotti PG, Tyler SR, Crooke AK, Choi SH, Montoro DT, Silverman CL, Shahin W, Zhao R, Jensen-Cody CW, Adamcakova-Dodd A, Evans TIA, Xie W, Zhang Y, Mou H, Herring BP, Thorne PS, Rajagopal J, Yeaman C, Parekh KR, Engelhardt JF. Submucosal Gland Myoepithelial Cells Are Reserve Stem Cells That Can Regenerate Mouse Tracheal Epithelium. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 22:653-667.e5. [PMID: 29656941 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mouse trachea is thought to contain two distinct stem cell compartments that contribute to airway repair-basal cells in the surface airway epithelium (SAE) and an unknown submucosal gland (SMG) cell type. Whether a lineage relationship exists between these two stem cell compartments remains unclear. Using lineage tracing of glandular myoepithelial cells (MECs), we demonstrate that MECs can give rise to seven cell types of the SAE and SMGs following severe airway injury. MECs progressively adopted a basal cell phenotype on the SAE and established lasting progenitors capable of further regeneration following reinjury. MECs activate Wnt-regulated transcription factors (Lef-1/TCF7) following injury and Lef-1 induction in cultured MECs promoted transition to a basal cell phenotype. Surprisingly, dose-dependent MEC conditional activation of Lef-1 in vivo promoted self-limited airway regeneration in the absence of injury. Thus, modulating the Lef-1 transcriptional program in MEC-derived progenitors may have regenerative medicine applications for lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Lynch
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Preston J Anderson
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Pavana G Rotti
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Scott R Tyler
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Adrianne K Crooke
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Soon H Choi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Daniel T Montoro
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Carolyn L Silverman
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Weam Shahin
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Andrea Adamcakova-Dodd
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - T Idil Apak Evans
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Weiliang Xie
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hongmei Mou
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - B Paul Herring
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Peter S Thorne
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jayaraj Rajagopal
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Charles Yeaman
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kalpaj R Parekh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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72
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Verckist L, Lembrechts R, Pintelon I, Timmermans J, Brouns I, Adriaensen D. The Neuroepithelial Body Microenvironment as a Postnatal Airway Epithelial Stem Cell Niche: Critical Role for BMP Signaling. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.744.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Line Verckist
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology ‐ Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpenWilrijkBelgium
| | - Robrecht Lembrechts
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology ‐ Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpenWilrijkBelgium
| | - Isabel Pintelon
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology ‐ Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpenWilrijkBelgium
| | - Jean‐Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology ‐ Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpenWilrijkBelgium
| | - Inge Brouns
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology ‐ Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpenWilrijkBelgium
| | - Dirk Adriaensen
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology ‐ Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpenWilrijkBelgium
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73
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TGF-β Family Signaling in Ductal Differentiation and Branching Morphogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a031997. [PMID: 28289061 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells contribute to the development of various vital organs by generating tubular and/or glandular architectures. The fully developed forms of ductal organs depend on processes of branching morphogenesis, whereby frequency, total number, and complexity of the branching tissue define the final architecture in the organ. Some ductal tissues, like the mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation, disintegrate and regenerate through periodic cycles. Differentiation of branched epithelia is driven by antagonistic actions of parallel growth factor systems that mediate epithelial-mesenchymal communication. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family members and their extracellular antagonists are prominently involved in both normal and disease-associated (e.g., malignant or fibrotic) ductal tissue patterning. Here, we discuss collective knowledge that permeates the roles of TGF-β family members in the control of the ductal tissues in the vertebrate body.
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74
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Developmental mechanisms and adult stem cells for therapeutic lung regeneration. Dev Biol 2018; 433:166-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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75
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Wujak L, Schnieder J, Schaefer L, Wygrecka M. LRP1: A chameleon receptor of lung inflammation and repair. Matrix Biol 2017; 68-69:366-381. [PMID: 29262309 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The lung displays a remarkable capability to regenerate following injury. Considerable effort has been made thus far to understand the cardinal processes underpinning inflammation and reconstruction of lung tissue. However, the factors determining the resolution or persistence of inflammation and efficient wound healing or aberrant remodeling remain largely unknown. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is an endocytic/signaling cell surface receptor which controls cellular and molecular mechanisms driving the physiological and pathological inflammatory reactions and tissue remodeling in several organs. In this review, we will discuss the impact of LRP1 on the consecutive steps of the inflammatory response and its role in the balanced tissue repair and aberrant remodeling in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Wujak
- Department of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schnieder
- Department of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Goethe University School of Medicine, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany.
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76
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Li X, Yang L, Sun X, Wu J, Li Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Li K, Wu Q, Chen H. The role of TGFβ‑HGF‑Smad4 axis in regulating the proliferation of mouse airway progenitor cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8155-8163. [PMID: 28983602 PMCID: PMC5779903 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between airway epithelial progenitor cells and their microenvironment is critical for maintaining lung homeostasis. This microenvironment includes fibroblast cells, which support the growth of airway progenitor cells. However, the mechanism of this support is not fully understood. In the present study, the authors observed that inhibition of transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β signal with SB431542 promotes the expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in fibroblast cells. The HGF receptor, c‑Met, is expressed on airway progenitor cells; HGF promotes the colony‑forming ability of airway progenitor cells. The deletion of Smad4 in airway progenitor cells increases the colony‑forming ability, suggesting that Smad4 plays a negative role in the regulating the proliferation of airway progenitor cells. These data demonstrated that the regulation of airway progenitor cells by TGF‑β depends on TGF‑βR1/2 on stromal cells, rather than on epithelial progenitor cells. These data suggested a role for the TGF‑β‑TGF‑βR1/2‑HGF‑Smad4 axis in airway epithelial homeostasis and sheds new light on the interaction between airway progenitor cells and their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xin Sun
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Junping Wu
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
- Respiratory Department, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- Respiratory Department, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 301800, P.R. China
| | - Kuan Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
- Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Huaiyong Chen or Dr Qi Wu, Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, 890 Jingu Road, Jinnan, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
- Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Huaiyong Chen or Dr Qi Wu, Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, 890 Jingu Road, Jinnan, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China, E-mail: , E-mail:
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77
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Human lung epithelial cell cultures for analysis of inhaled toxicants: Lessons learned and future directions. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 47:137-146. [PMID: 29155131 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The epithelium that covers the conducting airways and alveoli is a primary target for inhaled toxic substances, and therefore a focus in inhalation toxicology. The increasing concern about the use of animal models has stimulated the development of in vitro cell culture models for analysis of the biological effects of inhaled toxicants. However, the validity of the current in vitro models and their acceptance by regulatory authorities as an alternative to animal models is a reason for concern, and requires a critical review. In this review, focused on human lung epithelial cell cultures as a model for inhalation toxicology, we discuss the choice of cells for these models, the cell culture system used, the method of exposure as well as the various read-outs to assess the cellular response. We argue that rapid developments in the 3D culture of primary epithelial cells, the use of induced pluripotent stem cells for generation of lung epithelial cells and the development of organ-on-a-chip technology are among the important developments that will allow significant advances in this field. Furthermore, we discuss the various routes of application of inhaled toxicants by air-liquid interface models as well as the vast array of read-outs that may provide essential information. We conclude that close collaboration between researchers from various disciplines is essential for development of valid methods that are suitable for replacement of animal studies for inhalation toxicology.
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78
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Kretschmer S, Pieper M, Klinger A, Hüttmann G, König P. Imaging of Wound Closure of Small Epithelial Lesions in the Mouse Trachea. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2451-2460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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79
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Tong Z, Martyn K, Yang A, Yin X, Mead BE, Joshi N, Sherman NE, Langer RS, Karp JM. Towards a defined ECM and small molecule based monolayer culture system for the expansion of mouse and human intestinal stem cells. Biomaterials 2017; 154:60-73. [PMID: 29120819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Current ISC culture systems face significant challenges such as animal-derived or undefined matrix compositions, batch-to-batch variability (e.g. Matrigel-based organoid culture), and complexity of assaying cell aggregates such as organoids which renders the research and clinical translation of ISCs challenging. Here, through screening for suitable ECM components, we report a defined, collagen based monolayer culture system that supports the growth of mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) enriched for an Lgr5+ population comparable or higher to the levels found in a standard Matrigel-based organoid culture. The system, referred to as the Bolstering Lgr5 Transformational (BLT) Sandwich culture, comprises a collagen IV-coated porous substrate and a collagen I gel overlay which sandwich an IEC monolayer in between. The distinct collagen cues synergistically regulate IEC attachment, proliferation, and Lgr5 expression through maximizing the engagement of distinct cell surface adhesion receptors (i.e. integrin α2β1, integrin β4) and cell polarity. Further, we apply our BLT Sandwich system to identify that the addition of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor inhibitor (LDN-193189) improves the expansion of Lgr5-GFP+ cells from mouse small intestinal crypts by nearly 2.5-fold. Notably, the BLT Sandwich culture is capable of expanding human-derived IECs with higher LGR5 mRNA levels than conventional Matrigel culture, providing superior expansion of human LGR5+ ISCs. Considering the key roles Lgr5+ ISCs play in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and regeneration, we envision that our BLT Sandwich culture system holds great potential for understanding and manipulating ISC biology in vitro (e.g. for modeling ISC-mediated gut diseases) or for expanding a large number of ISCs for clinical utility (e.g. for stem cell therapy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Tong
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, United States; Harvard - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, United States
| | - Keir Martyn
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, United States; Harvard - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, United States
| | - Andy Yang
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, United States; Harvard - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, United States
| | - Xiaolei Yin
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, United States; Harvard - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, United States; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, United States
| | - Benjamin E Mead
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, United States; Harvard - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, United States; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, United States; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, United States
| | - Nitin Joshi
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, United States; Harvard - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, United States
| | - Nicholas E Sherman
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, United States; Harvard - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, United States
| | - Robert S Langer
- Harvard - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering at MIT, United States; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Division of BioEngineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, United States; Harvard Medical School, United States; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, United States; Harvard - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, United States.
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80
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Valdecantos PA, Bravo Miana RDC, García EV, García DC, Roldán-Olarte M, Miceli DC. Expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptors in bovine oviductal epithelial cells: Evidence of autocrine BMP signaling. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 185:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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81
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Barkauskas CE, Chung MI, Fioret B, Gao X, Katsura H, Hogan BLM. Lung organoids: current uses and future promise. Development 2017; 144:986-997. [PMID: 28292845 DOI: 10.1242/dev.140103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lungs are composed of a system of highly branched tubes that bring air into the alveoli, where gas exchange takes place. The proximal and distal regions of the lung contain epithelial cells specialized for different functions: basal, secretory and ciliated cells in the conducting airways and type II and type I cells lining the alveoli. Basal, secretory and type II cells can be grown in three-dimensional culture, with or without supporting stromal cells, and under these conditions they give rise to self-organizing structures known as organoids. This Review summarizes the different methods for generating organoids from cells isolated from human and mouse lungs, and compares their final structure and cellular composition with that of the airways or alveoli of the adult lung. We also discuss the potential and limitations of organoids for addressing outstanding questions in lung biology and for developing new drugs for disorders such as cystic fibrosis and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Barkauskas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mei-I Chung
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bryan Fioret
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hiroaki Katsura
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brigid L M Hogan
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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82
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Regulatory Circuits and Bi-directional Signaling between Stem Cells and Their Progeny. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 19:686-689. [PMID: 27912089 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Feedback signals from daughter cells to stem cells are well studied and known to provide important feedback cues. Emerging evidence shows that stem cells also send feedforward signals to their progeny. Complex circuits involving both negative and positive feedback and feedforward signals likely contribute to robust tissue maintenance and regeneration.
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83
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Abstract
Cellular senescence is a cell fate characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest, but the molecular mechanism underlying this senescence hallmark remains poorly understood. Through an unbiased search for novel senescence regulators in airway basal cells, we discovered that the epigenetic regulator ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domain-containing protein 1 (UHRF1) is critical for regulating cell cycle progression. Upon injury, basal cells in the mouse airway rapidly induce the expression of UHRF1 in order to stimulate stem cell proliferation and tissue repair. Targeted depletion of Uhrf1 specifically in airway basal cells causes a profound defect in cell cycle progression. Consistently, cultured primary human basal cells lacking UHRF1 do not exhibit cell death or differentiation phenotypes but undergo a spontaneous program of senescence. Mechanistically, UHRF1 loss induces G1 cell cycle arrest by abrogating DNA replication factory formation as evidenced by loss of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) puncta and an inability to enter the first cell cycle. This proliferation defect is partially mediated by the p15 pathway. Overall, our study provides the first evidence of an indispensable role of UHRF1 in somatic stem cells proliferation during the process of airway regeneration.
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84
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Miller AJ, Spence JR. In Vitro Models to Study Human Lung Development, Disease and Homeostasis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:246-260. [PMID: 28404740 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00041.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The main function of the lung is to support gas exchange, and defects in lung development or diseases affecting the structure and function of the lung can have fatal consequences. Most of what we currently understand about human lung development and disease has come from animal models. However, animal models are not always fully able to recapitulate human lung development and disease, highlighting an area where in vitro models of the human lung can compliment animal models to further understanding of critical developmental and pathological mechanisms. This review will discuss current advances in generating in vitro human lung models using primary human tissue, cell lines, and human pluripotent stem cell derived lung tissue, and will discuss crucial next steps in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J Miller
- PhD Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jason R Spence
- PhD Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; .,PhD Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,PhD Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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85
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Gras D, Petit A, Charriot J, Knabe L, Alagha K, Gamez AS, Garulli C, Bourdin A, Chanez P, Molinari N, Vachier I. Epithelial ciliated beating cells essential for ex vivo ALI culture growth. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:80. [PMID: 28468615 PMCID: PMC5415749 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchial epithelium plays a key role in orchestrating innate and adaptive immunity. The fate of ex vivo airway epithelial cultures growing at the air liquid interface (ALI) derived from human endobronchial biopsies or brushings is not easy to predict. Calibrating and differentiating these cells is a long and expensive process requiring rigorous expertise. Pinpointing factors associated with ALI culture success would help researchers gain further insight into epithelial progenitor behavior. Methods A successful ALI culture was defined as one in which a pseudostratified epithelium has formed after 28 days in the presence of all differentiated epithelial cell types. A 4-year prospective bi-center study was conducted with adult subjects enrolled in different approved research protocols. Results 463 consecutive endobronchial biopsies were obtained from normal healthy volunteers, healthy smokers, asthmatic patients and smokers with COPD. All demographic variables, the different fiber optic centers and culture operators, numbers of endo-bronchial biopsies and the presence of ciliated cells were carefully recorded. Univariate and multivariate models were developed. A stepwise procedure was used to select the final logistic regression model. ALI culture success was independently associated with the presence of living ciliated cells within the initial biopsy (OR = 2.18 [1.50–3.16], p < 0.001). Conclusion This finding highlights the properties of the cells derived from the epithelium dedifferentiation process. The preferential selection of samples with ciliated beating cells would probably save time and money. It is still unknown whether successful ALI culture is related to indicators of general cell viability or a purported stem cell state specifically associated with ciliated beating cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12890-017-0423-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Gras
- UMR INSERM U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Petit
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérémy Charriot
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucie Knabe
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,U1046 INSERM, UMR9214 CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Khuder Alagha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Sophie Gamez
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Garulli
- UMR INSERM U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,U1046 INSERM, UMR9214 CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Chanez
- UMR INSERM U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Molinari
- Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck, CNRS, UM, Montpellier, France.,Department of Statistics, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Vachier
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 Av Doyen G Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cx 5, France.
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86
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Abstract
Purpose of Review The lung research field has pioneered the use of organoids for the study of cell-cell interactions. Recent Findings The use of organoids for airway basal cells is routine. However, the development of organoids for the other regions of the lung is still in its infancy. Such cultures usually rely on cell-cell interactions between the stem cells and a putative niche cell for their growth and differentiation. Summary The use of co-culture organoid systems has facilitated the in vitro cultivation of previously inaccessible stem cell populations, providing a novel method for dissecting the molecular requirements of these cell-cell interactions. Future technology development will allow the growth of epithelial-only organoids in more defined media and also the introduction of specific non-epithelial cells for the study of cell interactions. These developments will require an improved understanding of the epithelial and non-epithelial cell types present in the lung and their lineage relationships.
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87
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Guyot B, Maguer-Satta V. Blocking TGF-β and BMP SMAD-dependent cell differentiation is a master key to expand all kinds of epithelial stem cells. Stem Cell Investig 2016; 3:88. [PMID: 28078268 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2016.11.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Guyot
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69008, France;; Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France;; Department of Tumor Escape Signaling, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Maguer-Satta
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69008, France;; Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, F-69008, France;; Department of Tumor Escape Signaling, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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88
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Brody SL, Kaiko GE. Harnessing TGF-β and BMP signaling for expansion of p63-positive epithelial stem cells. Stem Cell Investig 2016; 3:82. [PMID: 28066784 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2016.10.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Brody
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gerard E Kaiko
- Department Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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89
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Zhang YQ, Li P, Zhang FQ, Sun SJ, Cao YG. Lgr5 regulates the regeneration of lesioned nasal respiratory epithelium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 481:195-200. [PMID: 27773817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nasal respiratory epithelium is a ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The cellular components of nasal respiratory epithelium include ciliated cells, goblet cells, and basal cells. Until now, our knowledge in the development of nasal respiratory epithelium is still limited and the cellular mechanism of regeneration is still elusive. In this study, we found that adult stem cell marker leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) is expressed in the mice nasal respiratory epithelium. Both immunostaining and lineage tracing analysis indicated Lgr5 positive cells in the nasal respiratory epithelium are proliferative stem/progenitor cells. Using the Rosa-Tdtomato and Rosa26-DTR mice, we elucidated that Lgr5+ cells participate in the regeneration of lesioned nasal respiratory epithelium, and this group of cells is necessary in the process of epithelium recovery. Using the in vitro culture system, we observed the formation of spheres from Lgr5+ cells and these spheres have the capacity to generate other types of cells. Above all, this study reported a group of previously unidentified progenitor/stem cells in nasal respiratory epithelium, unveiling the potential cellular mechanism in nasal respiratory epithelium regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Shandong Province, China
| | - Feng-Qin Zhang
- Department of Infusion and Injection Room, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Shao-Jun Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yin-Guang Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liaocheng People's Hospital and Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Shandong Province, China
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90
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Choi J, Iich E, Lee JH. Organogenesis of adult lung in a dish: Differentiation, disease and therapy. Dev Biol 2016; 420:278-286. [PMID: 27713058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable regenerative capacity of the lung suggests that stem cells could be of therapeutic importance in diverse lung diseases; however, the successful exploitation of lung stem cell biology has long been hampered by our inability to maintain and expand adult lung stem cells while retaining their multi-lineage potential in vitro. Recently, advances in our understanding of stem cell niches and the role of key signalling modulators in controlling stem cell maintenance and differentiation have fuelled the development of new in vitro three-dimensional (3D) culture technologies that sustain the stem cell-driven formation of near-physiological, self-organizing structures called organoids. Here we review basic approaches to organoid model systems and highlight recent achievements in the generation of organoids from adult stem and progenitor cells of both the murine and human lungs. We evaluate current applications in studying cellular changes in proliferation, differentiation, plasticity, and cell polarity, and cellular and molecular crosstalk of epithelial cells with stroma. Advantages and limitations of organoids for clinical use are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Choi
- Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Elhadi Iich
- Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Joo-Hyeon Lee
- Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK; Department of Physiology, Development and Neutabroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
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91
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Mou H, Vinarsky V, Tata PR, Brazauskas K, Choi SH, Crooke AK, Zhang B, Solomon GM, Turner B, Bihler H, Harrington J, Lapey A, Channick C, Keyes C, Freund A, Artandi S, Mense M, Rowe S, Engelhardt JF, Hsu YC, Rajagopal J. Dual SMAD Signaling Inhibition Enables Long-Term Expansion of Diverse Epithelial Basal Cells. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 19:217-231. [PMID: 27320041 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Functional modeling of many adult epithelia is limited by the difficulty in maintaining relevant stem cell populations in culture. Here, we show that dual inhibition of SMAD signaling pathways enables robust expansion of primary epithelial basal cell populations. We find that TGFβ/BMP/SMAD pathway signaling is strongly activated in luminal and suprabasal cells of several epithelia, but suppressed in p63+ basal cells. In airway epithelium, SMAD signaling promotes differentiation, and its inhibition leads to stem cell hyperplasia. Using dual SMAD signaling inhibition in a feeder-free culture system, we have been able to expand airway basal stem cells from multiple species. Expanded cells can produce functional airway epithelium physiologically responsive to clinically relevant drugs, such as CFTR modulators. This approach is effective for the clonal expansion of single human cells and for basal cell populations from epithelial tissues from all three germ layers and therefore may be broadly applicable for modeling of epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Mou
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vladimir Vinarsky
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Purushothama Rao Tata
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Karissa Brazauskas
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Soon H Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Adrianne K Crooke
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - George M Solomon
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Brett Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Hermann Bihler
- CFFT Lab, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics, Lexington, MA 01730, USA
| | - Jan Harrington
- CFFT Lab, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics, Lexington, MA 01730, USA
| | - Allen Lapey
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Colleen Channick
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Colleen Keyes
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Adam Freund
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Steven Artandi
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Martin Mense
- CFFT Lab, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics, Lexington, MA 01730, USA
| | - Steven Rowe
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ya-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jayaraj Rajagopal
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Otology and Laryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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92
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Bertoncello I. Properties of Adult Lung Stem and Progenitor Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2582-9. [PMID: 27062064 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has seen significant progress in understanding the organisation of regenerative cells in the adult lung. Cell-lineage tracing and in vitro clonogenic assays have enabled the identification and characterisation of endogenous lung epithelial stem and progenitor cells. Selective lung injury models, and genetically engineered mice have revealed highly conserved gene networks, factors, signalling pathways, and cellular interactions important in maintaining lung homeostasis and regulating lung regeneration and repair following injury. This review describes the current models of lung epithelial stem and progenitor cell organisation in adult mice, and the impediments encountered in translational studies aiming to identify and characterise their human homologs. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2582-2589, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bertoncello
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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