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Yu M, Jambhrunkar S, Thorn P, Chen J, Gu W, Yu C. Hyaluronic acid modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery to CD44-overexpressing cancer cells. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:178-83. [PMID: 23076766 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr32145a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a targeted drug delivery system has been developed based on hyaluronic acid (HA) modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). HA-MSNs possess a specific affinity to CD44 over-expressed on the surface of a specific cancer cell line, HCT-116 (human colon cancer cells). The cellular uptake performance of fluorescently labelled MSNs with and without HA modification has been evaluated by confocal microscopy and fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. Compared to bare MSNs, HA-MSNs exhibit a higher cellular uptake via HA receptor mediated endocytosis. An anticancer drug, doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox), has been loaded into MSNs and HA-MSNs as drug delivery vehicles. Dox loaded HA-MSNs show greater cytotoxicity to HCT-116 cells than free Dox and Dox-MSNs due to the enhanced cell internalization behavior of HA-MSNs. It is expected that HA-MSNs have a great potential in targeted delivery of anticancer drugs to CD44 over-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Yu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Functional Nanomaterials and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Zhang FJ, Luo W, Gao SG, Su DZ, Li YS, Zeng C, Lei GH. Expression of CD44 in articular cartilage is associated with disease severity in knee osteoarthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2013; 23:1186-91. [PMID: 23283480 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-012-0818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate CD44 levels in articular cartilage of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and the relationship between CD44 and severity of the disease. METHODS All 50 cartilage tissues included normal and OA cartilage, and were ascribed to the following four groups on the basis of modified Mankin score: normal, mild lesions, moderate lesions and severe lesions. CD44 levels in articular cartilage were assessed by immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS CD44 levels were detected in all four groups. The difference in average gray value of CD44 expression showed statistical significance when compared between each group (P < 0.05). In addition, CD44 expression in each group correlated with disease severity, according to the modified Mankin score (ρ = -0.848, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS CD44 in articular cartilage is associated with progressive knee OA joint damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Jie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Foss C, Merzari E, Migliaresi C, Motta A. Silk fibroin/hyaluronic acid 3D matrices for cartilage tissue engineering. Biomacromolecules 2012; 14:38-47. [PMID: 23134349 DOI: 10.1021/bm301174x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In spite of commercially available products, the complete and sustained repair of damaged articular cartilage still presents various challenges. Among biomaterials proposed for cartilage repair, silk fibroin (SF) has been recently proposed as a material template for porous scaffolds cultured with chondrocytes and investigated in static and dynamic conditions. In addition to fibroin-based constructs, literature has reported that the combination of hyaluronic acid (HA) with other scaffold materials can protect the chondral phenotype and the cells in vitro response to the scaffold. In this study, the effect of the addition of HA on the physical properties of SF sponges, with and without cross-linking with genipin, was investigated. Salt-leached scaffolds were characterized in terms of morphology and structural and physical properties, as well as mechanical performance. Un-cross-linked sponges resulted in the physical separation of highly hydrophilic HA from the SF, while cross-linking prevented this phenomenon, resulting in a homogeneous blend. The presence of HA also influenced fibroin crystallinity and tended to decrease the cross-linking degree of the scaffolds when compared to the pure SF material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Foss
- BIOtech, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, via delle Regole 101, 38123 Mattarello, Trento, Italy
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Zhang L, Yao J, Zhou J, Wang T, Zhang Q. Glycyrrhetinic acid-graft-hyaluronic acid conjugate as a carrier for synergistic targeted delivery of antitumor drugs. Int J Pharm 2012; 441:654-64. [PMID: 23117024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid-graft-hyaluronic acid (HGA) conjugate was synthesized as a carrier for intravenous administration of paclitaxel (PTX), which combined hyaluronic acid (HA) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) as the active targeting ligands to liver tumor. In the present study, physicochemical characteristics, cellular uptake efficiency, and in vivo fates of HGA conjugates were investigated. HGA nanoparticles could readily load PTX with high efficiency up to 31.16 wt.% and entrapment efficiency to 92.02%. Moreover, PTX-loaded HGA nanoparticles exhibited more significant cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells than B16F10 cells due to simultaneously over-expressing HA and GA receptors. Meanwhile, the cellular uptake of nanoparticles was clearly enhanced in HepG2 and B16F10 cells compared to a normal fibroblast cell (HELF cells). In particular, more HGA nanoparticles were taken up by HepG2 cells than by B16F10 cells, which might be attributed to the affinity of multiple ligands of HA and GA to HepG2 cells. Furthermore, liver and tumor targeting activity of HGA nanoparticles was also confirmed by in vivo imaging analysis. The fluorescence signals of DiR-labeled HGA nanoparticles in tumor and liver were 2.88 and 1.83 folds stronger than that of the control, respectively. These results indicate HGA nanoparticles can be a potential drug carrier with "double target sites" for liver cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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Rich DR, Clark AL. Chondrocyte primary cilia shorten in response to osmotic challenge and are sites for endocytosis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:923-30. [PMID: 22554793 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of cartilage site and osmolarity on primary cilia incidence, length and orientation in live chondrocytes in undisturbed cartilage. Additionally, we imaged endocytotic markers to test our hypothesis that the ciliary pocket is a site for endocytosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured primary cilia incidence, length and orientation in the coronal plane using ex vivo live cell confocal imaging of intact murine femoral chondrocytes. Measurements were taken from five regions of the medial and lateral condyles of the left and right femur and also after one minute of osmotic challenge. Transmission electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry were used to characterize the orientation and position of chondrocyte primary cilia in the saggital plane and to determine the colocalization of clathrin coated vesicles, endosomal and lysosomal proteins and CD44 with the ciliary pocket. RESULTS Chondrocyte primary cilia length decreased significantly after a one minute hypo- or hyper-osmotic challenge and varied between condyles and across the surface of each condyle. The majority of the length of the chondrocyte primary cilia was positioned within a membranous invagination rather than projecting out from the cell membrane and clathrin coated vesicles, endosomal proteins and CD44 colocalised with the ciliary pocket. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that live ex vivo chondrocyte primary cilia are capable of shortening within minutes in response to osmotic challenge and provide subcellular and cellular evidence that chondrocyte primary cilia are deeply invaginated in a ciliary pocket which contains sites for endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Rich
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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56
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Responte DJ, Natoli RM, Athanasiou KA. Identification of potential biophysical and molecular signalling mechanisms underlying hyaluronic acid enhancement of cartilage formation. J R Soc Interface 2012; 9:3564-73. [PMID: 22809846 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the effects of exogenous hyaluronic acid (HA) on the biomechanical and biochemical properties of self-assembled bovine chondrocytes, and investigated biophysical and genetic mechanisms underlying these effects. The effects of HA commencement time, concentration, application duration and molecular weight were examined using histology, biomechanics and biochemistry. Additionally, the effects of HA application on sulphated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) retention were assessed. To investigate the influence of HA on gene expression, microarray analysis was conducted. HA treatment of developing neocartilage increased compressive stiffness onefold and increased sulphated GAG content by 35 per cent. These effects were dependent on HA molecular weight, concentration and application commencement time. Additionally, applying HA increased sulphated GAG retention within self-assembled neotissue. HA administration also upregulated 503 genes, including multiple genes associated with TGF-β1 signalling. Increased sulphated GAG retention indicated that HA could enhance compressive stiffness by increasing the osmotic pressure that negatively charged GAGs create. The gene expression data demonstrate that HA treatment differentially regulates genes related to TGF-β1 signalling, revealing a potential mechanism for altering matrix composition. These results illustrate the potential use of HA to improve cartilage regeneration efforts and better understand cartilage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Responte
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, , 6500 Main St., Suite 135, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Lee SJ, Ghosh SC, Han HD, Stone RL, Bottsford-Miller J, Shen DY, Auzenne EJ, Lopez-Araujo A, Lu C, Nishimura M, Pecot CV, Zand B, Thanapprapasr D, Jennings NB, Kang Y, Huang J, Hu W, Klostergaard J, Sood AK. Metronomic activity of CD44-targeted hyaluronic acid-paclitaxel in ovarian carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:4114-21. [PMID: 22693353 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most primary human ovarian tumors and peritoneal implants, as well as tumor vascular endothelial cells, express the CD44 family of cell surface proteoglycans, the natural ligand for which is hyaluronic acid. Metronomic dosing, the frequent administration of chemotherapeutics at substantially lower than maximum tolerated doses (MTD), has been shown to result in reduced normal tissue toxicity and to minimize "off-treatment" exposure resulting in an improved therapeutic ratio. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We tested the hypothesis that hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugates of paclitaxel (TXL; HA-TXL) would exert strong antitumor effects with metronomic (MET) dosing and induce antiangiogenic effects superior to those achieved with MTD administration or with free TXL. Female nude mice bearing SKOV3ip1 or HeyA8 ovarian cancer cells were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with MET HA-TXL regimens (or MTD administration) to determine therapeutic and biologic effects. RESULTS All MET HA-TXL-treated mice and the MTD group revealed significantly reduced tumor weights and nodules compared with controls (all P values < 0.05) in the chemotherapy-sensitive models. However, the MTD HA-TXL-treated mice showed significant weight loss compared with control mice, whereas body weights were not affected in the metronomic groups in HeyA8-MDR model, reflecting reduced toxicity. In the taxane-resistant HeyA8-MDR model, significant reduction in tumor weight and nodule counts was noted in the metronomic groups whereas the response of the MTD group did not achieve significance. While both MTD and metronomic regimens reduced proliferation (Ki-67) and increased apoptosis (TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling), only metronomic treatment resulted in significant reductions in angiogenesis (CD31, microvessel density). Moreover, metronomic treatment resulted in substantial increases in thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1), an inhibitor of angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that MET HA-TXL regimens have substantial antitumor activity in ovarian carcinoma, likely via a predominant antiangiogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Joo Lee
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Ghosh SC, Neslihan Alpay S, Klostergaard J. CD44: a validated target for improved delivery of cancer therapeutics. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:635-50. [PMID: 22621669 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2012.687374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in cancer therapeutics, namely more effective and less toxic treatments, will occur with targeting strategies that enhance the tumor biodistribution and thwart normal tissue exposure of the drug. This review focuses on cancer drug targeting approaches that exploit the expression of the cell-surface proteoglycan family, CD44, on the tumor cell surface followed by some form of ligand binding and induced CD44 internalization and intracellular drug release: in effect using this as a 'Trojan Horse' to more selectively access tumor cells. AREAS COVERED This review defines the origins of evidence for a linkage between CD44 expression and malignancy, and invokes contemporary views of the importance of putative CD44(+) cancer stem cells in disease resistance. Although the primary emphasis is on the most advanced and developed paths, those that have either made it to the clinic or are well-poised to get there, a wide scope of additional approaches at various preclinical stages is also briefly reviewed. EXPERT OPINION The future should see development of drug targeting approaches that exploit CD44 expression on CSCs/TICs, including applications to cytotoxic agents currently in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhen C Ghosh
- The University of Texas, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Health Science Center, Center for Molecular Imaging, 1825 Pressler Street, SRB 330C, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Stridh S, Palm F, Hansell P. Renal interstitial hyaluronan: functional aspects during normal and pathological conditions. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 302:R1235-49. [PMID: 22513743 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00332.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) hyaluronan (HA) is recognized as an important structural component of the extracellular matrix, but it also interacts with cells during embryonic development, wound healing, inflammation, and cancer; i.e., important features in normal and pathological conditions. The specific physicochemical properties of HA enable a unique hydration capacity, and in the last decade it was revealed that in the interstitium of the renal medulla, where the HA content is very high, it changes rapidly depending on the body hydration status while the HA content of the cortex remains unchanged at very low amounts. The kidney, which regulates fluid balance, uses HA dynamically for the regulation of whole body fluid homeostasis. Renomedullary HA elevation occurs in response to hydration and during dehydration the opposite occurs. The HA-induced alterations in the physicochemical characteristics of the interstitial space affects fluid flux; i.e., reabsorption. Antidiuretic hormone, nitric oxide, angiotensin II, and prostaglandins are classical hormones/compounds involved in renal fluid handling and are important regulators of HA turnover during variations in hydration status. One major producer of HA in the kidney is the renomedullary interstitial cell, which displays receptors and/or synthesis enzymes for the hormones mentioned above. During several kidney disease states, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, tubulointerstitial inflammation, renal transplant rejection, diabetes, and kidney stone formation, HA is upregulated, which contributes to an abnormal phenotype. In these situations, cytokines and other growth factors are important stimulators. The immunosuppressant agent cyclosporine A is nephrotoxic and induces HA accumulation, which could be involved in graft rejection and edema formation. The use of hyaluronidase to reduce pathologically overexpressed levels of tissue HA is a potential therapeutic tool since diuretics are less efficient in removing water bound to HA in the interstitium. Although the majority of data describing the role of HA originate from animal and cell studies, the available data from humans demonstrate that an upregulation of HA also occurs in diabetic kidneys, in transplant-rejected kidneys, and during acute tubular necrosis. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding interstitial HA in the role of regulating kidney function during normal and pathological conditions. It encompasses mechanistic insights into the background of the heterogeneous intrarenal distribution of HA; i.e., late nephrogenesis, its regulation during variations in hydration status, and its involvement during several pathological conditions. Changes in hyaluronan synthases, hyaluronidases, and binding receptor expression are discussed in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Stridh
- Dept. of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala Univ., Biomedical Center, PO Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Urakawa H, Nishida Y, Knudson W, Knudson CB, Arai E, Kozawa E, Futamura N, Wasa J, Ishiguro N. Therapeutic potential of hyaluronan oligosaccharides for bone metastasis of breast cancer. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:662-72. [PMID: 21913222 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) oligosaccharides were reported to have suppressive effects on various malignant tumors via disruption of receptor HA interactions. However, no studies have focused on the effects of HA oligosaccharides on bone metastasis of breast cancer. In this study, we clarified the effective size of HA oligosaccharides required to inhibit cell growth in the highly invasive breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231 cells. Based on the results of cell growth assay, we subsequently analyzed the effects of HA tetrasaccharides, HA decasaccharides, and high molecular weight HA on the other breast cancer cell behaviors in vitro and breast cancer bone metastasis in vivo. HA decasaccharides significantly inhibited cell growth, motility, and invasion, whereas tetrasaccharides did not. HAS2 mRNA expression was altered after the treatment with both tetrasaccharides and decasaccharides. Phosphorylation of Akt was suppressed after 1 h treatment with HA decasaccharides, and the effect was partially reversed by anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody. In vivo, local application of HA decasaccharides inhibited the expansion of osteolytic lesions in tibia on soft X-rays using mouse bone metastasis model of breast cancer. Histological analysis revealed HA accumulation in bone metastatic lesions was perturbed by decasaccharides. These results suggest that HA oligosaccharides suppressed progression of bone metastasis in breast cancer via interruption of endogenous HA-CD44 interaction, and as such, can be a novel therapeutic candidate to limit bone metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Urakawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School and School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
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Xu X, Jha AK, Harrington DA, Farach-Carson MC, Jia X. Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogels: from a Natural Polysaccharide to Complex Networks. SOFT MATTER 2012; 8:3280-3294. [PMID: 22419946 PMCID: PMC3299088 DOI: 10.1039/c2sm06463d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of nature's most versatile and fascinating macromolecules. Being an essential component of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), HA plays an important role in a variety of biological processes. Inherently biocompatible, biodegradable and non-immunogenic, HA is an attractive starting material for the construction of hydrogels with desired morphology, stiffness and bioactivity. While the interconnected network extends to the macroscopic level in HA bulk gels, HA hydrogel particles (HGPs, microgels or nanogels) confine the network to microscopic dimensions. Taking advantage of various scaffold fabrication techniques, HA hydrogels with complex architecture, unique anisotropy, tunable viscoelasticity and desired biologic outcomes have been synthesized and characterized. Physical entrapment and covalent integration of hydrogel particles in a secondary HA network give rise to hybrid networks that are hierarchically structured and mechanically robust, capable of mediating cellular activities through the spatial and temporal presentation of biological cues. This review highlights recent efforts in converting a naturally occurring polysaccharide to drug releasing hydrogel particles, and finally, complex and instructive macroscopic networks. HA-based hydrogels are promising materials for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Amit K. Jha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | | | | | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
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Role of CD44 in the organization of keratinocyte pericellular hyaluronan. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 137:107-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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63
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Choi KY, Saravanakumar G, Park JH, Park K. Hyaluronic acid-based nanocarriers for intracellular targeting: interfacial interactions with proteins in cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 99:82-94. [PMID: 22079699 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of most drugs is greatly depends on their ability to cross the cellular barrier and reach their intracellular target sites. To transport the drugs effectively through the cellular membrane and to deliver them into the intracellular environment, several interesting smart carrier systems based on both synthetic or natural polymers have been designed and developed. In recent years, hyaluronic acid (HA) has emerged as a promising candidate for intracellular delivery of various therapeutic and imaging agents because of its innate ability to recognize specific cellular receptors that overexpressed on diseased cells. The aim of this review is to highlight the significance of HA in cancer, and to explore the recent advances of HA-based drug carriers towards cancer imaging and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Young Choi
- Purdue University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Paliwal SR, Paliwal R, Agrawal GP, Vyas SP. Liposomal nanomedicine for breast cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:1085-100. [PMID: 21955078 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are well-established nanocarriers for improving the therapeutic index of anticancer agents. A remarkable understanding in the pathophysiology of breast cancer progression has emerged with information on the involved specific biomolecules, which may serve as molecular targets for its therapy. Hormonal and nonhormonal receptors can both be exploited for targeting to breast cancer cells. Targeted delivery of cytotoxic drugs using liposomes is a novel approach for breast cancer therapy. In the present article, we summarize molecular targets present on the breast cancer cells. Recent developments in liposome-based delivery of bioactives for selective treatments of breast cancer are discussed. In addition, utilization of bioenvironmental conditions of tumor for liposome-based targeted delivery is also summed up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Rai Paliwal
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P., India
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Hilborn J. In vivo
injectable gels for tissue repair. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 3:589-606. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jons Hilborn
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75121, Sweden
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Schanté CE, Zuber G, Herlin C, Vandamme TF. Chemical modifications of hyaluronic acid for the synthesis of derivatives for a broad range of biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Oldinski RA, Ruckh TT, Staiger MP, Popat KC, James SP. Dynamic mechanical analysis and biomineralization of hyaluronan-polyethylene copolymers for potential use in osteochondral defect repair. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:1184-91. [PMID: 21095243 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Treatment options for damaged articular cartilage are limited due to its lack of vasculature and its unique viscoelastic properties. This study was the first to fabricate a hyaluronan (HA)-polyethylene copolymer for potential use in the replacement of articular cartilage and repair of osteochondral defects. Amphiphilic graft copolymers consisting of HA and high-density polyethylene (HA-co-HDPE) were fabricated with 10, 28 and 50 wt.% HA. Dynamic mechanical analysis was used to assess the effect of varying constituent weight ratios on the viscoelastic properties of HA-co-HDPE materials. The storage moduli of HA-co-HDPE copolymers ranged from 2.4 to 15.0 MPa at physiological loading frequencies. The viscoelastic properties of the HA-co-HDPE materials were significantly affected by varying the wt.% of HA and/or crosslinking of the HA constituent. Cytotoxicity and the ability of the materials to support mineralization were evaluated in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells. HA-co-HDPE materials were non-cytotoxic, and calcium and phosphorus were present on the surface of the HA-co-HDPE materials 2 weeks after osteogenic differentiation of the bone marrow stromal cells. This study is the first to measure the viscoelastic properties and osseocompatibility of HA-co-HDPE for potential use in orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A Oldinski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Campus Delivery 1374, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1374, USA
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Hernández D, Miquel-Serra L, Docampo MJ, Marco-Ramell A, Cabrera J, Fabra A, Bassols A. V3 versican isoform alters the behavior of human melanoma cells by interfering with CD44/ErbB-dependent signaling. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:1475-85. [PMID: 21078678 PMCID: PMC3020756 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.127522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Versican is a hyaluronan-binding, extracellular chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan produced by several tumor types, including malignant melanoma, which exists as four different splice variants. The short V3 isoform contains the G1 and G3 terminal domains of versican that may potentially interact directly or indirectly with the hyaluronan receptor CD44 and the EGFR, respectively. We have previously described that overexpression of V3 in MeWo human melanoma cells markedly reduces tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. In this study we have investigated the signaling mechanism of V3 by silencing the expression of CD44 in control and V3-expressing melanoma cells. Suppression of CD44 had the same effects on cell proliferation and cell migration than those provoked by V3 expression, suggesting that V3 acts through a CD44-mediated mechanism. Furthermore, CD44-dependent hyaluronan internalization was blocked by V3 expression and CD44 silencing, leading to an accumulation of this glycosaminoglycan in the pericellular matrix and to changes in cell migration on hyaluronan. Furthermore, ERK1/2 and p38 activation after EGF treatment were decreased in V3-expressing cells suggesting that V3 may also interact with the EGFR through its G3 domain. The existence of a EGFR/ErbB2 receptor complex able to interact with CD44 was identified in MeWo melanoma cells. V3 overexpression resulted in a reduced interaction between EGFR/ErbB2 and CD44 in response to EGF treatment. Our results indicate that the V3 isoform of versican interferes with CD44 and the CD44-EGFR/ErbB2 interaction, altering the signaling pathways, such as ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, that regulate cell proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hernández
- From the Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain and
| | - Laia Miquel-Serra
- From the Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain and
| | - María-José Docampo
- From the Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain and
| | - Anna Marco-Ramell
- From the Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain and
| | - Jennifer Cabrera
- From the Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain and
| | - Angels Fabra
- the Institut de Recerca Oncològica, IDIBELL 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Anna Bassols
- From the Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Edifici V, 08193-Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain. Fax: 34-93-581-20-06; E-mail:
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69
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A facile approach to construct hyaluronic acid shielding polyplexes with improved stability and reduced cytotoxicity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 84:259-66. [PMID: 21300529 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile approach for polymer gene carriers was used to construct hyaluronic acid (HA) shielding polyplexes due to the electrostatic interaction. By adding HA to PEI/DNA complexes, the ξ-potential of ternary polyplexes was changed from positive to negative. Spherical particles with diameter about 250nm were observed. Ethidium bromide exclusion assay indicated that the electrostatic complexation was loosened after addition of HA. However, DNA disassembly did not occur. The proper reason was that the intensity of negative charges was not strong enough to release DNA from the complexes in our experiment. The stability of PEI/DNA/HA polyplexes in physiological condition was improved and the cytotoxicity was reduced. Comparing with PEI/DNA polyplexes, the uptake and transfection efficiency of HA shielding polyplexes was lower for HEK293T cells probably due to the reduced adsorptive endocytosis, whereas it was higher for HepG2 cells due to HA receptor mediated endocytosis. This facile approach to constructing HA shielding polyplexes might have great potential application in non-viral gene delivery research and tumor therapy.
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70
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Bildstein L, Dubernet C, Couvreur P. Prodrug-based intracellular delivery of anticancer agents. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:3-23. [PMID: 21237228 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous anticancer agents based on a prodrug approach. However, no attempt has been made to review the ample available literature with a specific focus on the altered cell uptake pathways enabled by the conjugation and on the intracellular drug-release mechanisms. This article focuses on the cellular interactions of a broad selection of parenterally administered anticancer prodrugs based on synthetic polymers, proteins or lipids. The report also aims to highlight the prodrug design issues, which are key points to obtain an efficient intracellular drug delivery. The chemical basis of these molecular concepts is put into perspective with the uptake and intracellular activation mechanisms, the in vitro and in vivo proofs of concepts and the clinical results. Several active targeting strategies and stimuli-responsive architectures are discussed throughout the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bildstein
- UMR CNRS 8612, IFR 141-ITFM, Faculté de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry 92296, France
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71
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Ariyoshi W, Knudson CB, Luo N, Fosang AJ, Knudson W. Internalization of aggrecan G1 domain neoepitope ITEGE in chondrocytes requires CD44. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:36216-24. [PMID: 20843796 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.129270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of the cartilage proteoglycan aggrecan is one of the earliest events that occurs in association with osteoarthritis. Little is known concerning the fate of the residual N-terminal G1 domains of cleaved aggrecan; domains that remain bound to hyaluronan. In this study, 68-72-kDa bands representative of aggrecan G1 domains containing ITEGE(373) neoepitope were detected within a hyaluronidase-sensitive pool at the cell surface of bovine articular chondrocytes and within a hyaluronidase-insensitive, intracellular pool. To determine the mechanisms that contribute to this distribution, CD44 expression was knocked down by siRNA or function by CD44-DN. Both approaches prevented the retention and internalization of G1-ITEGE. Inhibition of CD44 transit into lipid rafts blocked the endocytosis of G1-ITEGE but not the retention at the cell surface. Chondrocytes derived from CD44 null mice also exhibited limited potential for retention and internalization of G1-VTEGE. The consequence of a lack of chondrocyte-mediated endocytosis of these domains in cartilage of the CD44 null mice was the accumulation of the degradation fragments within the tissue. Additionally, chondrocytes or fibroblasts derived from CD44 null mice exhibited little capacity for retention and internalization of exogenous G1-ITEGE derived from bovine cartilage explants. Bovine or wild type mouse fibroblasts were able to bind and internalize bovine-derived G1-ITEGE. Although several pathways are available for the clearance of these domains, CD44-mediated cellular internalization is the most prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ariyoshi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA
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72
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Ossipov DA. Nanostructured hyaluronic acid-based materials for active delivery to cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:681-703. [PMID: 20367530 DOI: 10.1517/17425241003730399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Active targeting of bioactive molecules by physicochemical association with hyaluronic acid (HA) is an attractive approach in current nanomedicine because HA is biocompatible, non-toxic and non-inflammatory. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review focuses on synthesis, physicochemical characterization and biological properties of different nanoparticulate delivery systems that include HA in their structures. Chemically based approaches to the delivery of small molecule drugs, proteins and nucleic acids in which they become chemically or physically bound to hyaluronic acid are reviewed, including the use of molecular HA conjugates and nanocarriers. The systems are considered in terms of intracellular delivery to different cultured cells that express HA-specific receptors (hyaladherines) differently. The in vivo biodistribution and therapeutic effect of these systems are discussed. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Different synthetic methodologies for preparations of HA-based nanoparticles are presented extensively. HA nanoparticulate systems of various structures can be compared with respect to their in vitro assays and in vivo biodistribution. TAKE HOME MESSAGE To make HA useful as an intravenous targeting carrier, strategies have to be devised to: reduce HA clearance from the blood; suppress the HA uptake by liver and spleen; and provide tumor-triggered mechanisms of release of an active drug from the HA carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri A Ossipov
- Uppsala University, Polymer Chemistry, Material Chemistry Department, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
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73
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Greyner HJ, Wiraszka T, Zhang LS, Petroll WM, Mummert ME. Inducible macropinocytosis of hyaluronan in B16-F10 melanoma cells. Matrix Biol 2010; 29:503-10. [PMID: 20600893 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan composed of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid subunits. Endocytosis is thought to play an essential role in the catabolism of HA due to the intracellular compartmentalization of the HA degrading hyaluronidase enzymes. Previous investigations have shown that keratinocytes, chondrocytes and breast tumor cell lines endocytose HA via the cell surface glycoprotein, CD44. However, other cell types endocytose HA using a CD44-independent mechanism that remains to be defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate HA endocytosis in B16-F10 melanoma cells. We found that B16-F10 melanoma cells expressed CD44 on their surfaces. Unexpectedly, CD44 did not play a role in the endocytosis of HA. Electron microscopy studies revealed that B16-F10 melanoma cells exhibited membrane ruffling, a characteristic feature of macropinocytosis, only after incubating the cells with the HA co-polymer. Moreover, B16-F10 melanoma cells endocytosed HA via macropinocytosis as assessed by drug inhibition studies and the co-localization of fluorescently labeled HA with fluorescent tracers under confocal microscopy. Based on these results, we conclude that induced macropinocytosis may provide a previously unrecognized avenue for HA endocytosis in some cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Greyner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX, USA
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74
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Yoon DM, Curtiss S, Reddi AH, Fisher JP. Addition of hyaluronic acid to alginate embedded chondrocytes interferes with insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling in vitro and in vivo. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 15:3449-59. [PMID: 19426107 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an engineered tissue requires a clear understanding of the interactions between the individual components. In this study, we investigated how the addition of hyaluronic acid (HA) to a cartilage tissue engineered scaffold alters chondrocytic expression, and specifically the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling molecules. Bovine chondrocytes were embedded (7 million cells/mL) in 2.0% w/v alginate hydrogels containing varying HA concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.50, and 5.00 mg/mL). In vitro constructs were cultured with exogenous IGF-1, and gene expression was monitored at days 1, 4, and 8 for IGF-1, IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), type II collagen and type I collagen. In vivo constructs were precultured for 24 h with exogenous IGF-1 before being implanted subcutaneously in severe combined immunodeficient mice; samples were analyzed using histology at days 7, 14, and 21. Results indicate that, with the addition of high levels (5.00 mg/mL) of HA, IGF-1 can become entrapped within the matrix and therefore interfere with the delivery of IGF-1 to chondrocytes. In vitro and in vivo data showed that increasing the concentration of HA in an alginate hydrogel can decrease chondrocyte IGF-1 expression. IGF-1R expression did not change with HA concentration, and the addition of any HA did not significantly alter IGFBP-3 expression. Chondrocytes continuously expressed phenotypic type II collagen in vitro and in vivo throughout the study for all the groups. However, for all the HA concentrations investigated, chondrocytes showed more of a fibroblastic phenotype, as indicated by greater expression of type I collagen than with no HA, in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, these results indicate that HA interferes with the delivery of IGF-1 to chondrocytes, affecting the endogenous expression of IGF-1 signaling molecules and the resulting chondrocyte phenotype, and therefore demonstrating the critical effect of biomaterial scaffolds on encapsulated cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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75
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76
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Matsumoto K. The Role of Hyaluronan in Cartilage. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2010. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.22.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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77
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Pitarresi G, Palumbo FS, Albanese A, Fiorica C, Picone P, Giammona G. Self-assembled amphiphilic hyaluronic acid graft copolymers for targeted release of antitumoral drug. J Drug Target 2009; 18:264-76. [DOI: 10.3109/10611860903434027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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78
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The Use of Amino Acid Linkers in the Conjugation of Paclitaxel with Hyaluronic Acid as Drug Delivery System: Synthesis, Self-Assembled Property, Drug Release, and In Vitro Efficiency. Pharm Res 2009; 27:380-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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79
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Rügheimer L, Olerud J, Johnsson C, Takahashi T, Shimizu K, Hansell P. Hyaluronan synthases and hyaluronidases in the kidney during changes in hydration status. Matrix Biol 2009; 28:390-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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80
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Design and development of ligand-appended polysaccharidic nanoparticles for the delivery of oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2009; 6:179-90. [PMID: 19447205 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 03/01/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hyaluronic acid-coupled chitosan nanoparticles bearing oxaliplatin (L-OHP) encapsulated in Eudragit S100-coated pellets were developed for effective delivery to colon tumors. The in vitro drug release was investigated using a USP dissolution rate test paddle-type apparatus in different simulated gastrointestinal tract fluids. In therapeutic experiments the pellets of free drug, and hyaluronic acid-coupled and uncoupled chitosan nanoparticles bearing L-OHP were administered orally at the dose of 10 mg L-OHP/kg body weight to tumor-bearing Balb/c mice. In vivo data showed that hyaluronic acid-coupled chitosan nanoparticles delivered 1.99 +/- 0.82 and 9.36 +/- 1.10 microg of L-OHP/g of tissue in the colon and tumor, respectively after 12 hours, reflecting its targeting potential to the colon and tumor. These drug delivery systems show relatively high local drug concentration in the colonic milieu and colonic tumors with prolonged exposure time, which provides a potential to enhance antitumor efficacy with low systemic toxicity for the treatment of colon cancer. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this study, a nanoparticle system was developed to deliver oxaliplatin to colorectal tumors. In murine models, the drug delivery system showed relatively high local drug concentration in colonic tumors with prolonged exposure time, which provides a potential for enhanced antitumor efficacy with low systematic toxicity.
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81
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Allison D, Braun K, Wight T, Grande-Allen K. Differential effects of exogenous and endogenous hyaluronan on contraction and strength of collagen gels. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:1019-26. [PMID: 19109082 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Revised: 10/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The addition of exogenous hyaluronan to biomaterial scaffolds has been an important area of investigation for many decades. The ability to manipulate endogenous production of hyaluronan via the hyaluronan syntheses has offered another mechanism to study the effect of hyaluronan. While the literature suggests that exogenously added hyaluronan and endogenously produced hyaluronan will have varying impacts on extracellular matrix organization and function, no studies have directly shown this phenomenon. In this investigation, we demonstrate that the addition of exogenous high molecular weight (approximately 1 MDa) hyaluronan and hyaluronan oligosaccharides have a distinct impact on both contraction and strength of smooth muscle cell-seeded collagen gels when compared to the effects of hyaluronan that is endogenously produced by the hyaluronan synthases. More specifically, the addition of exogenous high molecular weight hyaluronan resulted in more compact collagen gels with a higher ultimate tensile strength, whereas the endogenous overproduction of hyaluronan resulted in the opposite effect. We suggest that the addition of exogenous HA to collagen gels represents a model for the therapeutic administration of HA, whereas the addition of excess HA to a tissue via the endogenous overexpression of has represents a model for the pathological accumulation of HA.
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82
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Lee H, Ahn CH, Park TG. Poly[lactic-co-(glycolic acid)]-Grafted Hyaluronic Acid Copolymer Micelle Nanoparticles for Target-Specific Delivery of Doxorubicin. Macromol Biosci 2009; 9:336-42. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200800229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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83
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Yamasaki K, Muto J, Taylor KR, Cogen AL, Audish D, Bertin J, Grant EP, Coyle AJ, Misaghi A, Hoffman HM, Gallo RL. NLRP3/cryopyrin is necessary for interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) release in response to hyaluronan, an endogenous trigger of inflammation in response to injury. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:12762-71. [PMID: 19258328 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806084200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation under sterile conditions is a key event in autoimmunity and following trauma. Hyaluronan, a glycosaminoglycan released from the extracellular matrix after injury, acts as an endogenous signal of trauma and can trigger chemokine release in injured tissue. Here, we investigated whether NLRP3/cryopyrin, a component of the inflammasome, participates in the inflammatory response to injury or the cytokine response to hyaluronan. Mice with a targeted deletion in cryopyrin showed a normal increase in Cxcl2 in response to sterile injuries but had decreased inflammation and release of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Similarly, the addition of hyaluronan to macrophages derived from cryopyrin-deficient mice increased release of Cxcl2 but did not increase IL-1beta release. To define the mechanism of hyaluronan-mediated activation of cryopyrin, elements of the hyaluronan recognition process were studied in detail. IL-1beta release was inhibited in peritoneal macrophages derived from CD44-deficient mice, in an MH-S macrophage cell line treated with antibodies to CD44, or by inhibitors of lysosome function. The requirement for CD44 binding and hyaluronan internalization could be bypassed by intracellular administration of hyaluronan oligosaccharides (10-18-mer) in lipopolysaccharide-primed macrophages. Therefore, the action of CD44 and subsequent hyaluronan catabolism trigger the intracellular cryopyrin --> IL-1beta pathway. These findings support the hypothesis that hyaluronan works through IL-1beta and the cryopyrin system to signal sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Yamasaki
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, and Veterans Affairs San Diego Health Care System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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84
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Sorbi C, Bergamin M, Bosi S, Dinon F, Aroulmoji V, Khan R, Murano E, Norbedo S. Synthesis of 6-O-methotrexylhyaluronan as a drug delivery system. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:91-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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85
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Synthesis of 6-amino-6-deoxyhyaluronan as an intermediate for conjugation with carboxylate-containing compounds: application to hyaluronan–camptothecin conjugates. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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86
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Jain A, Jain SK. In vitro and cell uptake studies for targeting of ligand anchored nanoparticles for colon tumors. Eur J Pharm Sci 2008; 35:404-16. [PMID: 18824095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2008] [Revised: 07/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) coupled chitosan nanoparticles (HACTNP) bearing 5-flurouracil (5FU) were prepared, by ionotropic gelation method, for the effective delivery of drug to the colon tumors. HACTNP appeared to be spherical in shape and mean size was found to be around 150+/-3.4nm with low polydispersity index. The in vitro drug release was investigated using USP dissolution test (paddle type) apparatus in different simulated GIT fluids. The biocompatibility of NPs formulations were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity by MTT assay using HT-29 cell lines and cell uptake was assessed by fluorescent microscopy. Cellular uptake of HACTNP was determined by incorporating calcein as a fluorescent marker. The cellular uptake of fluorescent HACTNP was clearly evidenced by fluorescence microscopy. HACTNP nanoparticles showed significant higher uptake by cancer cells as compared to uncoupled nanoparticles and the uptake of HA coupled CTNPs by HT-29 colon cancer cells were observed to be 7.9 times more as compared to uncoupled CTNPs at the end of 4h. The cytotoxicity of 5FU incorporated in HACTNP was higher compared to the conventional 5FU solution, even at the lower concentrations. 5FU in HACTNP was about 2.60-folds more effective than free 5FU on HT-29 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anekant Jain
- Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar 470003, MP, India
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87
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Platt VM, Szoka FC. Anticancer therapeutics: targeting macromolecules and nanocarriers to hyaluronan or CD44, a hyaluronan receptor. Mol Pharm 2008; 5:474-86. [PMID: 18547053 DOI: 10.1021/mp800024g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The complex system involved in the synthesis, degradation and binding of the high molecular weight glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan or HA) provides a variety of structures that can be exploited for targeted cancer therapy. In many cancers of epithelial origin there is an upregulation of CD44, a receptor that binds HA. In other cancers, HA in the tumor matrix is overexpressed. Both CD44 on cancer cells and HA in the matrix have been targets for anticancer therapy. Even though CD44 is expressed in normal epithelial cells and HA is part of the matrix of normal tissues, selective targeting to cancer is possible. This is because macromolecular carriers predominantly extravasate into the tumor and not normal tissue; thus CD44-HA targeted carriers administered intravenously localize preferentially into tumors. Anti-CD44 antibodies have been used in patients to deliver radioisotopes or mertansine for treatment of CD44 expressing tumors. In early phase clinical trials, patients with breast or head and neck tumors treated with anti-CD44 conjugates experienced stabilized disease. A dose-limiting toxicity was associated with distribution of the antibody-drug conjugate to the skin, a site in the body with a high level of CD44. HA has been used as a drug carrier and a ligand on liposomes or nanoparticles to target drugs to CD44 overexpressing cells. Drugs can be attached to HA via the carboxylate on the glucuronic acid residue, the hydroxyl on the N-acetylglucosamine or the reducing end which are located on a repeating disaccharide. Drugs delivered in HA-modified liposomes exhibited excellent antitumor activity both in vitro and in murine tumor models. The HA matrix is also a potential target for anticancer therapies. By manipulating the interaction of HA with cell surface receptors, either by degrading it with hyaluronidase or by interfering with CD44-HA interactions using soluble CD44 proteins, tumor progression was blocked. Finally, cytotoxic drugs or prodrug converting enzymes can be attached to the HA matrix to generate a cytotoxic fence around the tumor. This review describes how the complex interplay among cancer biology, the CD44-HA interaction, drug carriers and drug targeting has been used to improve anticancer therapies. As these approaches evolve, they hold forth the prospect of significantly improved targeted anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia M Platt
- Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, California 94143-0912, USA
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88
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Abstract
AIM Hyaluronan (HA) is involved in renomedullary water handling through its water-binding capacity. This study addressed the effect of hormones involved in regulating fluid-electrolyte homeostasis on renomedullary HA content in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The kidneys from rats treated with L-NAME, indomethacin, vasopressin (AVP) or methylprednisolone (MP) during euvolaemia or water loading were analysed for HA by RIA, ELISA and histochemical staining. HA was measured in renomedullary interstitial cells treated with AVP, angiotensin II (Ang II) or a combination of AVP and Ang II. RESULTS Baseline renal cortical and medullary HA content was unaffected by 2 h of intravenous treatment with L-NAME (NOS inhibitor) or indomethacin (cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor), whereas AVP reduced medullary HA by 33%. During 2 h of acute water loading, diuresis was accompanied by an increase in renomedullary HA (+45%), but cortical HA was unaffected. In both L-NAME- and indomethacin-treated animals, the water loading-induced increase in renomedullary HA was absent, indicating involvement of NO and prostaglandins. After 7 days of MP treatment, medullary HA was reduced by 40%, but the water loading-induced elevation in HA remained. In cultured renomedullary interstitial cells, AVP reduced the HA content in the supernatant by 63%, and simultaneous treatment with Ang II reduced the HA content even further (95%). CONCLUSION AVP reduces HA content, and NO and prostaglandins are needed for the increase in HA during water loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rügheimer
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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89
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Lee H, Lee K, Park TG. Hyaluronic Acid−Paclitaxel Conjugate Micelles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antitumor Activity. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1319-25. [DOI: 10.1021/bc8000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyukjin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Kyuri Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Tae Gwan Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
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90
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Critical but divergent roles for CD62L and CD44 in directing blood monocyte trafficking in vivo during inflammation. Blood 2008; 112:1166-74. [PMID: 18391078 PMCID: PMC2515150 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-06-098327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Using noninvasive in vivo imaging and experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis as a model, we show for the first time that the mechanisms controlling blood monocyte recirculation through peripheral and lymphoid tissues alter during inflammation. The recirculation of monocytes in mice with ocular inflammation but not controls was found to depend on the selectin CD62-ligand (CD62L) and on CD44. Not only was rolling efficiency ablated or markedly reduced in antibody-treated mice, but most of the labeled monocytes also disappeared from the circulation within seconds, anti-CD44–treated monocytes homing to the lymph nodes and anti–CD62L-treated monocytes homing to the spleen. Our data indicate that, although PSGL-1 has a partial role in the transmigration of monocytes into the inflamed retina, CD62L has a key role in regulating recruitment of monocytes to lymphoid tissue from the blood during inflammation and that CD44 is required to maintain CD62L+ inflammatory monocytes within the circulation during inflammation. This effect was systemic, because sequestered monocytes accumulated in mesenteric as well as draining cervical lymph nodes, and inflammation dependent, because depletion of circulating blood monocytes was much reduced or absent in normal mice and accumulations of adoptively transferred monocytes in the lymphoid tissues did not occur.
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91
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Tanimoto K, Nakatani Y, Tanaka N, Ueki M, Yanagida T, Kitamura R, Tanne Y, Lin YY, Kunimatsu R, Tanne K. Inhibition of the proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts by hyaluronidase. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53:330-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Revised: 11/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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92
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Saraf A, Hacker MC, Sitharaman B, Grande-Allen KJ, Barry MA, Mikos AG. Synthesis and Conformational Evaluation of a Novel Gene Delivery Vector for Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:818-27. [DOI: 10.1021/bm701146f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Saraf
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Michael C. Hacker
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Balaji Sitharaman
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - K. Jane Grande-Allen
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Michael A. Barry
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Antonios G. Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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93
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Hirota-Takahata Y, Harada H, Tanaka I, Nakata T, Nakajima M, Takahashi M. F-19848 A, a novel inhibitor of hyaluronic acid binding to cellular receptor CD44. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2008; 60:633-9. [PMID: 17965479 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2007.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the course of our screening for inhibitors of hyaluronic acid (HA) binding to cellular receptor CD44, a novel inhibitor, F-19848 A, was isolated from the cultured broth of the fungus strain Dacrymyces sp. SANK 20204. This compound inhibited the binding of CD44 and HA with an IC50 value of 23.5 microM and CD44-dependent HA degradation was inhibited with an IC50 value of 98.6 microM in a cell-based assay. The structure was elucidated by physico-chemical properties, analysis of spectral data, and decomposition experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hirota-Takahata
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Daiichi-Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
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94
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Ghatak S, Hascall VC, Berger FG, Penas MMO, Davis C, Jabari E, He X, Norris JS, Dang Y, Markwald RR, Misra S. Tissue-specific shRNA delivery: a novel approach for gene therapy in cancer. Connect Tissue Res 2008; 49:265-9. [PMID: 18661357 DOI: 10.1080/03008200802147845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel tissue-specific shRNA delivery system has been developed using cre-lox technology. Conditionally silenced pSico vector containing oligonucleotides of CD44shRNA and tissue-specific promoter-driven Cre-recombinase expression vector are packaged into transferrin-coated nanoparticles that can deliver shRNA into specific tumors. This system has strong potential in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilenath Ghatak
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, MUSC, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
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95
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Kruegel J, Sadowski B, Miosge N. Nidogen-1 and nidogen-2 in healthy human cartilage and in late-stage osteoarthritis cartilage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 58:1422-32. [DOI: 10.1002/art.23480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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96
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Kumar A, Sahoo B, Montpetit A, Behera S, Lockey RF, Mohapatra SS. Development of hyaluronic acid-Fe2O3 hybrid magnetic nanoparticles for targeted delivery of peptides. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2007; 3:132-7. [PMID: 17572355 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2007.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2006] [Revised: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel hybrid nanoparticles comprised of hyaluronic acid (HA) and iron oxide were synthesized and characterized for the first time with the average diameter of less than 160 nm. The iron oxide (Fe2O3) particles are hybridized between HA layers by electrostatic interactions between the positive surface charge of the Fe2O3 nanoparticles and the negative charge of the carboxylate groups of HA, forming a corral-like structure. The particles were also characterized by FTIR and NMR to verify the hybridization. The particles were tested for their ability to deliver peptides to the cells using HEK293 and A549 cells. Results show that these particles delivered peptides at about 100% level. These HA-iron oxide nanoparticles are expected to be useful in developing effective tissue and cell targeting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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97
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Lee H, Mok H, Lee S, Oh YK, Park TG. Target-specific intracellular delivery of siRNA using degradable hyaluronic acid nanogels. J Control Release 2007; 119:245-52. [PMID: 17408798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Revised: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel hyaluronic acid (HA) nanogels physically encapsulating small interfering RNA (siRNA) were fabricated by an inverse water-in-oil emulsion method. Thiol-conjugated HA dissolved in aqueous emulsion droplets was ultrasonically crosslinked via the formation of disulfide linkages to produce HA nanogels with a size distribution from 200 to 500 nm. Green fluorescence protein (GFP) siRNA was physically entrapped within the HA nanogels during the emulsion/crosslinking process. The HA/siRNA nanogels were readily taken up by HA receptor positive cells (HCT-116 cells) having HA-specific CD44 receptors on the surface. Release rates of siRNA from the HA nanogels could be modulated by changing the concentration of glutathione (GSH) in the buffer solution, indicating that the degradation/erosion of disulfide crosslinked HA nanogels, triggered by an intracellular reductive agent, controlled the release pattern of siRNA. When HA nanogels containing GFP siRNA were co-transfected with GFP plasmid/Lipofectamine to HCT-116 cells, a significant extent of GFP gene silencing was observed in both serum and non-serum conditions. The gene silencing effect was reduced in the presence of free HA in the transfection medium, revealing that HA nanogels were selectively taken up by HCT-116 cells via receptor mediated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyukjin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejon 305-701, South Korea
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98
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Harada H, Takahashi M. CD44-dependent Intracellular and Extracellular Catabolism of Hyaluronic Acid by Hyaluronidase-1 and -2. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:5597-607. [PMID: 17170110 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m608358200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high molecular weight glycosaminoglycan involved in a wide variety of cellular functions. However, its turnover in living cells remains largely unknown. In this study, CD44, a receptor for HA, and hyaluronidase-1, -2, and -3 (Hyal-1, -2 and -3) were stably expressed in HEK 293 cells and the mechanism of HA catabolism was systematically investigated using fluorescein-labeled HA. CD44 was essential for HA degradation by both endogenous and exogenously expressed hyaluronidases. Hyal-1 was not able to cleave HA in living cells in the absence of CD44. Intracellular HA degradation was predominantly mediated by Hyal-1 after incorporation of HA by CD44. Although Hyal-1 was active only in intracellular space in vivo, a certain amount of the enzyme was secreted to extracellular space. This extracellular Hyal-1 was found to be incorporated by cells and such uptake of Hyal-1 was, in part, involved in the intracellular degradation of HA. Hyal-2 was involved in the extracellular degradation of HA. Hyal-2 activity was also dependent on the expression of CD44 in both living cells and enzyme assays. Immunofluorescent microscopy demonstrated that both Hyal-2 and CD44 are present on the cell surface. Without CD44 expression, Hyal-2 existed in a granular pattern, and did not show hyaluronidase activity, suggesting that localization change could contribute to Hyal-2 function. A convenient and quantitative enzyme assay was established for the measurement of Hyal-2 activity. Hyal-2 activity was detected in the membrane fraction of cells co-expressing Hyal-2 and CD44. The pH optimum for Hyal-2 was 6.0-7.0. The membrane fraction of cells expressing Hyal-2 alone did not show hyaluronidase activity. Hyal-3 did not show any hyaluronidase activity in our experimental conditions. Based on these findings, Hyal-1 and -2 contribute to intracellular and extracellular catabolism of HA, respectively, in a CD44-dependent manner, and their HA degradation occurs independently from one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosami Harada
- Lead Discovery Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
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99
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Toegel S, Harrer N, Plattner VE, Unger FM, Viernstein H, Goldring MB, Gabor F, Wirth M. Lectin binding studies on C-28/I2 and T/C-28a2 chondrocytes provide a basis for new tissue engineering and drug delivery perspectives in cartilage research. J Control Release 2007; 117:121-9. [PMID: 17126445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2006] [Revised: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the applicability of plant lectins as mediators of bioadhesion in cartilage research using human chondrocyte cell lines C-28/I2 and T/C-28a2. The bioadhesive properties of fluorescein-labelled lectins with different carbohydrate specificities were investigated by flow cytometry. Specificity of the lectin-cell interactions was ascertained by competitive inhibition using complementary carbohydrates. As compared to that of other lectins, the interaction between wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and chondrocytic cells was characterised by remarkable cytoadhesion, adequate binding strength and a high degree of specificity for N-acetyl-glucosamine as contained in hyaluronan chains. We therefore suggest WGA to be a promising candidate for mediating bioadhesion to low-adhesive scaffolds in cartilage tissue engineering. Moreover, the WGA-association rate of C-28/I2 and T/C-28a2 cells was dependent on temperature indicating cellular uptake of membrane-bound WGA. Intracellular enrichment was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Equilibration of intracellular pH gradients with monensin resulted in the reversal of quenching effects indicating accumulation of WGA within acid compartments of chondrocytic cells. Thus, WGA might be internalised into chondrocytes together with hyaluronan via the CD44 receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway and accumulated within lysosomes. This physiological process could represent a feasible pathway to target WGA-functionalised drug delivery devices into chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Toegel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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100
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Harada H, Nakata T, Hirota-Takahata Y, Tanaka I, Nakajima M, Takahashi M. F-16438s, Novel Binding Inhibitors of CD44 and Hyaluronic Acid. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2006; 59:770-6. [PMID: 17323643 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2006.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to obtain inhibitors of hyaluronic acid (HA) binding to its receptor, CD44, we established an efficient assay method to detect and quantify binding using fluorescein-labeled HA and HEK293 cells stably expressing CD44. As a result of the screening of culture broths of microorganisms, we found fungus strain Gloeoporus dichrous SANK 30502 produced inhibitory activity in this new assay. Five compounds, F-16438 A, B, E, F and G, were isolated from the fermentation broths, and their IC50 values were determined to be 10.3, 13.5, 27.3, 12.0 and 13.0 microM, respectively. F-16438 A, B, E, F and G are the first reported inhibitors of binding HA to CD44. F-16438 A, B, E and F have novel structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosami Harada
- Lead Discovery Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
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