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Sanchez TR, Powers M, Perzanowski M, George CM, Graziano JH, Navas-Acien A. A Meta-analysis of Arsenic Exposure and Lung Function: Is There Evidence of Restrictive or Obstructive Lung Disease? Curr Environ Health Rep 2019; 5:244-254. [PMID: 29637476 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-018-0192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are exposed to arsenic via contaminated water. The goal of this study was to identify whether arsenic-associated lung function deficits resemble obstructive- or restrictive-like lung disease, in order to help illuminate a mechanistic pathway and identify at-risk populations. RECENT FINDINGS We recently published a qualitative systematic review outlining the body of research on arsenic and non-malignant respiratory outcomes. Evidence from several populations, at different life stages, and at different levels of exposure showed consistent associations of arsenic exposure with chronic lung disease mortality, respiratory symptoms, and lower lung function levels. The published review, however, only conducted a broad qualitative description of the published studies without considering specific spirometry patterns, without conducting a meta-analysis, and without evaluating the dose-response relationship. We searched PubMed and Embase for studies on environmental arsenic exposure and lung function. We performed a meta-analysis using inverse-variance-weighted random effects models to summarize adjusted effect estimates for arsenic and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio. Across nine studies, median water arsenic levels ranged from 23 to 860 μg/L. The pooled estimated mean difference (MD) comparing the highest category of arsenic exposure (ranging from > 11 to > 800 μg/L) versus the lowest (ranging from < 10 to < 100 μg/L) for each study for FEV1 was - 42 mL (95% confidence interval (CI) - 70, - 16) and for FVC was - 50 mL (95% CI - 63, - 37). Three studies reported effect estimates for FEV1/FVC, for which there was no evidence of an association; the pooled estimated MD was 0.01 (95% CI - 0.005, 0.024). This review supports that arsenic is associated with restrictive impairments based on inverse associations between arsenic and FEV1 and FVC, but not with FEV1/FVC. Future studies should confirm whether low-level arsenic exposure is a restrictive lung disease risk factor in order to identify at-risk populations in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany R Sanchez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, 722 W 168 ST, Suite 1105, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Martha Powers
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Perzanowski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, 722 W 168 ST, Suite 1105, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Christine M George
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph H Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, 722 W 168 ST, Suite 1105, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, 722 W 168 ST, Suite 1105, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Welch BM, Branscum A, Ahmed SM, Hystad P, Smit E, Afroz S, Megowan M, Golam M, Ibne Hasan MOS, Rahman ML, Quamruzzaman Q, Christiani DC, Kile ML. Arsenic exposure and serum antibody concentrations to diphtheria and tetanus toxoid in children at age 5: A prospective birth cohort in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:810-818. [PMID: 31051324 PMCID: PMC6513691 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic can impair immune function. Timing of exposure can influence potential immunotoxicity of arsenic exposure. We examined the association between drinking water arsenic concentrations (W-As) measured repeatedly during different exposure windows in early life and serum concentrations of IgG antibodies against diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (diphtheria and tetanus antibody). METHODS A prospective cohort of pregnant women was recruited in Bangladesh (2008-2011). Averaged W-As levels were calculated for: pregnancy (W-Aspregnancy): ≤16 weeks gestation and <1 month; toddlerhood (W-Astoddlerhood): 12 and 20-40 months; and early childhood (W-Aschildhood): 4-5 years. Serum was collected from 502 vaccinated children at age 5 and concentrations of diphtheria and tetanus toxoid IgG (i.e. antibody) were quantified. Antibody concentrations >0.1 IU/mL were considered clinically sufficient for protection. Associations were estimated using linear and logistic regression models. RESULTS Inverse associations were observed between W-Aspregnancy and serum diphtheria antibody levels, while null associations were observed between W-As and tetanus antibody. Children within the highest versus lowest tertile of W-Aspregnancy had 91% greater odds of having clinically insufficient concentrations of diphtheria antibody (Odds ratio:1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 3.56). Among females, a doubling in W-Aspregnancy was associated with 12.3% (95%CI: -20.1%, -4.5%) lower median concentrations of diphtheria antibody. Tetanus antibody was only associated with W-Aspregnancy among females (percent change in median: -9.5%, 95%CI: -17.6%, -1.3%). Among children who were stunted or underweight, a doubling in W-Aspregnancy was associated with decreased diphtheria antibody of 19.8% (95%CI: -32%, -7.5%) and 14.3% (95%CI: -26.7%, -2%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Among vaccinated children, W-As measured during pregnancy was associated with decreased diphtheria antibody levels, but not tetanus antibody. However, W-As measured during toddlerhood and early childhood were not associated with either antibody outcome. Children's sex and malnutrition status were important effect modifiers of W-As for both diphtheria and tetanus antibody levels, highlighting the importance of these factors and the timing of the exposure when evaluating the effect of arsenic on humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrett M Welch
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, USA; Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, USA.
| | - Adam Branscum
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, USA
| | - Sharia M Ahmed
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, USA
| | - Perry Hystad
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, USA
| | - Ellen Smit
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, USA
| | - Sakila Afroz
- Dhaka Community Hospital Trust, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Meghan Megowan
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David C Christiani
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University, USA
| | - Molly L Kile
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, USA
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53
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Potential facet for prenatal arsenic exposure paradigm: linking endocrine disruption and epigenetics. THE NUCLEUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-019-00274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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54
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Duncan DR, Larson K, Rosen RL. Clinical Aspects of Thickeners for Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux and Oropharyngeal Dysphagia. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2019; 21:30. [PMID: 31098722 PMCID: PMC9733977 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-019-0697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to discuss current knowledge and recent findings regarding clinical aspects of thickeners for pediatric gastroesophageal reflux and oropharyngeal dysphagia. We review evidence for thickener efficacy, discuss types of thickeners, practical considerations when using various thickeners, and risks and benefits of thickener use in pediatrics. RECENT FINDINGS Thickeners are effective in decreasing regurgitation and improving swallowing mechanics and can often be used empirically for the treatment of infants and young children. Adverse effects have been reported, but with careful consideration of appropriate thickener types, desired thickening consistency, and follow-up in collaboration with feeding specialists, most patients have symptomatic improvements. Thickeners are typically well tolerated and with few side effects, but close follow-up is needed to make sure patients tolerate thickeners and have adequate symptom improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Duncan
- Aerodigestive Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kara Larson
- Aerodigestive Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel L. Rosen
- Aerodigestive Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Punshon T, Li Z, Jackson BP, Parks WT, Romano M, Conway D, Baker ER, Karagas MR. Placental metal concentrations in relation to placental growth, efficiency and birth weight. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:533-542. [PMID: 30851484 PMCID: PMC6475117 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The quality of the intrauterine environment, in which the placenta plays a critical role, affects birth outcomes and lifelong health. The effect of metal contaminants on the growth and functioning of the placenta have not been widely reported but may provide insights into how metal exposures lead to these outcomes. We examined relationships between placental concentrations of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) and measures of placental growth and functioning (placental weight, placental efficiency (the log ratio of placental weight and birth weight), chorionic disc area and disc eccentricity) as part of the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (N = 1159). We additionally examined whether these associations were modified by placental concentrations of essential elements zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se). Associations were evaluated using generalized linear models. Multivariable-adjusted differences in placental weight were - 7.81 g (95% CI: -15.42, -2.48) with every ng/g increase in the Cd concentration of placenta (p-Value = 0.0009). Greater decrements in placental weight and efficiency associated with placental Cd were observed for females. For placentae with below median Zn and Se concentrations, decrements in placental weight were - 8.81 g (95% CI: -16.85, -0.76) and - 13.20 g (95% CI: -20.70, -5.70) respectively. The Cd concentration of placenta was also associated with reductions in placental efficiency both overall, and in Zn- and Se-stratified models. No appreciable differences were observed with other elements (As, Hg or Pb) and with other placental measures (chorionic disc area and disc eccentricity). In structural equation models, placental weight was a mediator in the relation between placental Cd concentration and reduced birth weight. Our findings suggest a role of interacting essential and contaminant elements on birth weight that may be mediated by changes in the growth and function of the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Punshon
- Dartmouth College, Department of Biology, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - Zhigang Li
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Brian P Jackson
- Dartmouth College, Department of Earth Sciences, 6105 Sherman Fairchild Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - W Tony Parks
- Dartmouth College, Department of Biology, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Megan Romano
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | - Emily R Baker
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, USA
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Long-Term Health Effects and Underlying Biological Mechanisms of Developmental Exposure to Arsenic. Curr Environ Health Rep 2019; 5:134-144. [PMID: 29411302 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-018-0184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) via drinking water represents a significant global public health threat with chronic exposure associated with cancer, skin lesions, neurological impairment, and cardiovascular diseases. Particularly susceptible populations include the developing fetus and young children. This review summarizes some of the critical studies of the long-term health effects and underlying biological mechanisms related to developmental exposure to arsenic. It also highlights the complex factors, such as the sex of the exposed individual, that contribute to susceptibility to the later life health effects of iAs. RECENT FINDINGS Studies in animal models, as well as human population-based studies, have established that prenatal and early life iAs exposures are associated with long-term effects, and many of these effects display sexually dimorphic responses. As an underlying molecular basis, recent epidemiologic and toxicologic studies have demonstrated that changes to the epigenome may play a key mechanistic role underlying many of the iAs-associated health outcomes. Developmental exposure to iAs results in early and later life health effects. Mechanisms underlying these outcomes are likely complex, and include disrupted key biological pathways with ties to the epigenome. This highlights the importance of continued research, particularly in animal models, to elucidate the important underpinnings (e.g., timing of exposure, metabolism, dose) of these complex health outcomes and to identify the biological mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in iAs-associated diseases. Future research should investigate preventative strategies for the protection from the detrimental health endpoints associated with early life exposure to iAs. Such strategies could include potential interventions focused on dietary supplementation for example the adoption of a folate-rich diet.
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Rychlik KA, Sillé FCM. Environmental exposures during pregnancy: Mechanistic effects on immunity. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:178-196. [PMID: 30708400 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In human studies, it is well established that exposures during embryonic and fetal development periods can influence immune health. Coupled with genetic predisposition, these exposures can alter lifetime chronic and infectious disease trajectory, and, ultimately, life expectancy. Fortunately, as research advances, mechanisms governing long-term effects of prenatal exposures are coming to light and providing the opportunity for intervention and risk reduction. For instance, human association studies have provided a foundation for the association of prenatal exposure to particulate matter with early immunosuppression and later allergic disease in the offspring. Only recently, the mechanisms mediating this response have been revealed and there is much we have yet to discover. Although cellular immune response is understood for many exposure scenarios, molecular pathways are still unidentified. This review will provide commentary and synthesis of the current literature regarding environmental exposures during pregnancy and mechanisms determining immune outcomes. Shared mechanistic features and current gaps in the state of the science are identified and discussed. To such purpose, we address exposures by their immune effect type: immunosuppression, autoimmunity, inflammation and tissue damage, hypersensitivity, and general immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristal A Rychlik
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fenna C M Sillé
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Tsuyama H, Fujishiro H, Himeno S, Sumi D. Arsenite suppresses NO production evoked by lipopolysaccharide and poly(I:C) via the suppression of interferon-β expression in RAW264.7 cells. J Toxicol Sci 2019; 44:83-92. [PMID: 30726814 DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Immunological functions are disturbed in humans who have been chronically exposed to arsenic via contaminated groundwater. Little is known about the specific mechanisms underlying the impairment of immunological defense system caused by arsenic. The activation of macrophage cells upon infection with bacteria and viruses plays important roles in the defense against these pathogens. Here we show that exposure to arsenite (As(III)) suppresses nitric oxide (NO) production in murine RAW264.7 macrophage cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and poly(I:C), the compounds mimicking bacterial and viral infection, respectively. As(III) suppressed the LPS- or poly(I:C)-evoked induction of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) without affecting the transactivation of NF-κB. As the interferon (IFN)-β/STAT1 pathway is also involved in the induction of iNOS in addition to NF-κB, we examined the effects of As(III) on the expression and secretion of IFN-β, the expression of the components of IFN-α/β receptor, the phosphorylation of STAT1, and the levels of cytokines involved in STAT1 activation. The results showed that the expression and secretion of IFN-β were specifically suppressed by As(III) treatment in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS or poly(I:C). These results suggest that As(III) suppresses the expression and secretion of IFN-β, leading to the reduced STAT1 activation and consequently the reduced iNOS induction in macrophage cells. Our data suggest an important role of the arsenic-induced suppression of IFN-β on the disturbances in immunological defense against both bacteria and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Tsuyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Hitomi Fujishiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Seiichiro Himeno
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Daigo Sumi
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
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Bozack AK, Cardenas A, Quamruzzaman Q, Rahman M, Mostofa G, Christiani DC, Kile ML. DNA methylation in cord blood as mediator of the association between prenatal arsenic exposure and gestational age. Epigenetics 2018; 13:923-940. [PMID: 30175652 PMCID: PMC6284783 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1516453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal arsenic exposure is associated with adverse birth outcomes and disease risk later in life, which could be mediated through epigenetic dysregulation. We evaluated the association between arsenic and gestational age (GA) that was mediated through DNA methylation (DNAm) using data from a Bangladeshi birth cohort. Arsenic exposure was measured in maternal drinking water at ≤16 weeks GA and maternal toenails collected ≤1 month postpartum. Cord blood DNAm was measured using Infinium HumanMethylation450 arrays (n = 44, discovery phase). Top loci identified in the discovery phase were then pyrosequenced in a second group (n = 569, validation phase). Structural equation models (SEM) evaluated the direct and indirect effects of arsenic and DNAm on GA. In the discovery phase, arsenic was associated with differential DNAm of 139 loci that were associated with GA (P < 1.10X10-6; |β regression|>0.10). Each doubling in water arsenic concentration decreased GA by 2 days, which was fully mediated through the main principal component of the top-ten CpGs (P < 0.001). In the validation phase, there were direct and indirect effects of miR214-3 and MCC DNAm on GA. In an adjusted SEM model, mediation of the association between arsenic and GA by miR124-3 was borderline significant (P = 0.061). This study therefore identified DNAm at specific loci in cord blood that mediated the effect of arsenic exposure on GA. Specifically, prenatal arsenic exposure was associated with lower methylation of miR124-3 that mediated the exposure-response of arsenic on GA. Future research should evaluate if these epigenetic changes are persistent and associated with disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K. Bozack
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - David C. Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly L. Kile
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Bjørklund G, Skalny AV, Rahman MM, Dadar M, Yassa HA, Aaseth J, Chirumbolo S, Skalnaya MG, Tinkov AA. Toxic metal(loid)-based pollutants and their possible role in autism spectrum disorder. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 166:234-250. [PMID: 29902778 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, and stereotypic behaviors. Many studies support a significant relationship between many different environmental factors in ASD etiology. These factors include increased daily exposure to various toxic metal-based environmental pollutants, which represent a cause for concern in public health. This article reviews the most relevant toxic metals, commonly found, environmental pollutants, i.e., lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), aluminum (Al), and the metalloid arsenic (As). Additionally, it discusses how pollutants can be a possible pathogenetic cause of ASD through various mechanisms including neuroinflammation in different regions of the brain, fundamentally occurring through elevation of the proinflammatory profile of cytokines and aberrant expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Due to the worldwide increase in toxic environmental pollution, studies on the role of pollutants in neurodevelopmental disorders, including direct effects on the developing brain and the subjects' genetic susceptibility and polymorphism, are of utmost importance to achieve the best therapeutic approach and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Moscow, Russia
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Heba A Yassa
- Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway; Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
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Cardenas A, Smit E, Welch BM, Bethel J, Kile ML. Cross sectional association of arsenic and seroprevalence of hepatitis B infection in the United States (NHANES 2003-2014). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 166:570-576. [PMID: 29966877 PMCID: PMC9612408 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic alters immunological parameters including antibody formation and antigen-driven T-cell proliferation. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the cross-sectional relationship between urinary arsenic and the seroprevalence of hepatitis B (HBV) infection in the United States using data from six pooled cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2014, N = 12,447). METHODS Using serological data, participants were classified as susceptible, immune due to vaccination, or immune due to past natural infection. We used multinomial logistic regression to evaluate the association between urinary DMA and HBV classification. A sensitivity analysis using total urinary arsenic (TUA) was also conducted. Both DMA and TUA were adjusted for arsenobetaine using a residual regression method RESULTS: A 1-unit increase in the natural logarithm (ln) of DMA was associated with 40% greater adjusted odds of having immunity due to natural infection compared to being susceptible (Odds Ratio [aOR]: 1.40, 95% Confidence Intervals [CI] 1.15, 1.69), 65% greater odds of having immunity due to a natural infection (aOR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.34, 2.04) and 18% greater odds of being susceptible (aOR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.33) compared to being immune due to vaccination after adjusting for creatinine, age, sex, race, income, country of birth, BMI, survey cycle, serum cotinine, recent seafood intake, and self-reported HBV immunization status. CONCLUSION In the U.S. general public, higher urinary arsenic levels were associated with a greater odds of having a serological classification consistent with a past natural hepatitis B infection after adjusting for other risk factors. Additionally, higher urinary arsenic levels were linked to a greater odds of not receiving hepatitis B vaccinations. Given the cross-sectional nature of this analysis, more research is needed to test the hypothesis that environmentally relevant exposure to arsenic modulates host susceptibility to hepatitis B virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Cardenas
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Ellen Smit
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, 101 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Barrett M Welch
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, 101 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Jeff Bethel
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, 101 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Molly L Kile
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, 101 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
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Clewell HJ, Yager JW, Greene TB, Gentry PR. Application of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) approach to inform mode of action (MOA): A case study with inorganic arsenic. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:893-912. [PMID: 30230972 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1500326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish a process for deriving a chemical-specific mode of action (MOA) from chemical-agnostic adverse outcome pathway (AOPs), using inorganic arsenic (iAs) as a case study. The AOP developed for this case study are related to disruption of cellular signaling by chemicals that strongly bind to vicinal dithiols in cellular proteins, leading to disruption of inflammatory and oxidative stress signaling along with inhibition of the DNA damage responses. The proposed MOA for iAs incorporates this AOP, overlaid on a background of increasing oxidative stress and/or co-exposure to mutagenic chemicals or radiation. The most challenging aspect of developing a MOA from AOP is the incorporation of metabolism and dose-response, neither of which may be considered in the development of an AOP. The cellular responses to relatively low concentrations (below 100 parts per billion) of iAs in drinking water appear to be secondary to binding of trivalent arsenite and its trivalent metabolite, monomethyl arsenous acid to key cellular vicinal dithiols in target tissues, resulting in a co-carcinogenic MOA. The proposed AOP may also be applied to non-cancer endpoints, enabling an integrated approach to conducting a risk assessment for iAs.
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Yu S, Liao WT, Lee CH, Chai CY, Yu CL, Yu HS. Immunological dysfunction in chronic arsenic exposure: From subclinical condition to skin cancer. J Dermatol 2018; 45:1271-1277. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Yu
- Department of Dermatology; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology; University of California Davis School of Medicine; Sacramento California USA
| | - Wei-Ting Liao
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Life Science; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology; Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Yu
- Department of International Medicine; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- Department of Dermatology; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
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Elevated Arsenic Exposure Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: NHANES (2003-2014) in U.S. Adults. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:610-617. [PMID: 30128869 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1921-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies concerning the association between arsenic exposure and hepatitis B virus (HB V) infection have been lacking. The present study aimed to examine the association between total urinary arsenic (TUA) and infection of HBV. A total of 5186 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2014 were included in the analysis. We used logistic regression to evaluate the association. We defined two measures of TUA. TUAI was the sum of arsenous acid, arsenicacid, monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsenic acid. TUA2 was defined as TUA minus arsenobetaine and arsenocholine. The results showed that the weighted overall prevalence of HBV infection was 6.08%. For NHANES 2003-2014, the medians (interquartile range) of TUAI and TUA2 were 5.60 μg/L (3.97-8.09 μg/L) and 4.91 μg/L (2.36-9.11 μg/L), respectively. Comparing the highest quartile to the lowest quartile after multivariable adjustment showed that the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for TUAI and TUA2 were 2.44 (1.40-4.27) and 2.84 (1.60-5.05), respectively. In conclusion, elevated urinary arsenic was associated with the risk of HBV infection. Further studies, especially prospective studies, are needed to confirm the causal relationship between arsenic exposure and HBV infection.
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Mohammadian M, Mianabadi M, Zargari M, Karimpour A, Khalafi M, Amiri FT. Effects of Olive Oil supplementation on Sodium Arsenate-induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:59. [PMID: 30079156 PMCID: PMC6052740 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_165_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sodium arsenate (As), a toxic substance with induced oxidative stress, lead to hepatotoxicity. Olive oil (OO) with antioxidant property has protective effect on toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate protective effect of OO on sodium As-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Subjects and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 adult male BALB/c mice were divided randomly into four groups: control group (received only normal saline, the same volume as other groups), OO (0.4 mL/day, gavage), sodium As (15 mg/kg, gavage), and OO + sodium As (received OO 1 h before sodium As). Drugs were given for 30 consecutive days. After the last receipt of the drugs, oxidative stress parameters [malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH)] in tissue, liver function parameters [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] in serum, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) in plasma, and histopathological assays were performed. Results: Sodium As induced hepatic injury as indicated by significant increase in AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH in serum and pathologic evidences. It also induces hepatic oxidative stress biomarkers as indicated by significant increase in levels of MDA and significant decrease in FRAP and GSH concentration. OO administration significantly improved oxidative stress parameters, histopathological changes, and enzymatic markers of liver injury. Conclusions: It was concluded that antioxidant activity of OO has hepatoprotective effect on As-induced hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mohammadian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Manijeh Mianabadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehryar Zargari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abbasali Karimpour
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Khalafi
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Talebpour Amiri
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Bjørklund G, Aaseth J, Chirumbolo S, Urbina MA, Uddin R. Effects of arsenic toxicity beyond epigenetic modifications. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:955-965. [PMID: 28484874 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide chronic arsenic (As) poisoning by arsenic-contaminated groundwater is one of the most threatening public health problems. Chronic inorganic As (inAs) exposure has been associated with various forms of cancers and numerous other pathological effects in humans, collectively known as arsenicosis. Over the past decade, evidence indicated that As-induced epigenetic modifications have a role in the adverse effects on human health. The main objective of this article is to review the evidence on epigenetic modifications induced by arsenicals. The epigenetic components play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression, at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. We synthesized the large body of existing research on arsenic exposure and epigenetic mechanisms of health outcomes with an emphasis on recent publications. Changes in patterns of DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and microRNAs have been repeatedly observed after inAs exposure in laboratory studies and in studies of human populations. Such alterations have the potential to disturb cellular homeostasis, resulting in the modulation of key pathways in the As-induced carcinogenesis. The present article reviews recent data on As-induced epigenetic effects and concludes that it is time for heightened awareness of pathogenic arsenic exposure, particularly for pregnant women and children, given the potential for a long-lasting disturbed cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610, Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Innlandet Hospital Trust and Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauricio A Urbina
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Riaz Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Mannan T, Ahmed S, Akhtar E, Ahsan KB, Haq A, Kippler M, Vahter M, Raqib R. Associations of Arsenic Exposure With Telomere Length and Naïve T Cells in Childhood—A Birth Cohort Study. Toxicol Sci 2018; 164:539-549. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Mannan
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
- Department of Immunology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Sultan Ahmed
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Evana Akhtar
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ahsanul Haq
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 171 77, Sweden
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 171 77, Sweden
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
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Wei M, Guo F, Rui D, Wang H, Feng G, Li S, Song G. Alleviation of Arsenic-Induced Pulmonary Oxidative Damage by GSPE as Shown during In vivo and In vitro Experiments. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 183:80-91. [PMID: 28803342 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A long-term exposure to arsenic may lead to lung damage due to oxidative stress. In this context, GSPE can play a major role as a strong antioxidant. Our study attempted to reveal the connection between arsenic-induced lung injury and the antagonistic effect of GSPE. For this purpose, BEAS-2B cells and Kunming mice were exposed to different dosages of As2O3 and GSPE. Oxidative stress indicators were detected both in vivo and in vitro. Cell survival rate and morphological changes in the lung tissue (H&E staining) were evaluated as well. It was exhibited that As2O3 increased oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro and decreased cells viability. In contrast, higher cell survival rate was revealed in the group treated with arsenic plus GSPE after 24 h as compared to that in the arsenic group. GSPE effectively reduced oxidative stress levels, along with increasing antioxidant capacity. In vivo experiments in arsenic-exposed group showed alveolar septum to be significantly thickened with considerable capillary congestion and invasion by inflammatory cells. After the intervention with GSPE, there seemed to be a dramatic reversal of morphology with thinning of the alveolar septum, decrease in capillary congestion, and number of inflammatory cells. This had shown that GSPE can effectively reduce the levels of oxidative stress, induced by arsenic in mice lung tissue. Conversely, antioxidant enzymes or products were increased. The experiment proved that GSPE can protect the lungs from oxidative damage induced by arsenic, and it may also be used as an antagonist against arsenic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wei
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Fangming Guo
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Dongsheng Rui
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Gangling Feng
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Shugang Li
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.
| | - Guanling Song
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.
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Zuo TT, Li YL, Jin HY, Gao F, Wang Q, Wang YD, Ma SC. HPLC-ICP-MS speciation analysis and risk assessment of arsenic in Cordyceps sinensis. Chin Med 2018; 13:19. [PMID: 29686726 PMCID: PMC5902960 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cordyceps sinensis, one of the most valued traditional herbal medicines in China, contains high amount of arsenic. Considering the adverse health effects of arsenic, this is of particular concern. The aim of this study was to determine and analyze arsenic speciation in C. sinensis, and to measure the associated human health risks. METHODS We used microwave extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine and analyze the arsenic content in C. sinensis, and measured the associated human health risks according to the hazard index (HI), lifetime cancer risk (CR), and target hazard quotient (THQ). RESULTS The main arsenic speciation in C. sinensis were not the four organic arsenic compounds, including dimethyl arsenic, monomethyl arsenic, arsenobetaine, and arsenocholine, but comprised inorganic arsenic and other unknown risk arsenic compounds. HI scores indicated that the risk of C. sinensis was acceptable. CR results suggested that the cancer risk was greater than the acceptable lifetime risk of 10-5, even at low exposure levels. THQ results indicated that at the exposure level < 2.0 months/year, the arsenic was not likely to harm human health during a lifetime; however, if the exposure rate was > 3.0 months/year, the systemic effects of the arsenic in C. sinensis was of great concern. CONCLUSION The arsenic in C. sinensis might not be free of risks. The suggested C. sinensis consumption rate of 2.0 months/year provided important insights into the ways by which to minimize potential health risks. Our study not only played the role of "cast a brick to attract jade" by which to analyze arsenic speciation in C. sinensis but also offered a promising strategy of risk assessment for harmful residues in traditional herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Zuo
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Yao-Lei Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Hong-Yu Jin
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Fei Gao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Ya-Dan Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
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Starkweather KE, Keith MH. Estimating impacts of the nuclear family and heritability of nutritional outcomes in a boat-dwelling community. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23105. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica H. Keith
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; Leipzig 04103 Germany
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Skröder H, Engström K, Kuehnelt D, Kippler M, Francesconi K, Nermell B, Tofail F, Broberg K, Vahter M. Associations between Methylated Metabolites of Arsenic and Selenium in Urine of Pregnant Bangladeshi Women and Interactions between the Main Genes Involved. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:027001. [PMID: 29398653 PMCID: PMC6066347 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been proposed that interactions between selenium and arsenic in the body may affect their kinetics and toxicity. However, it is unknown how the elements influence each other in humans. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate potential interactions in the methylation of selenium and arsenic. METHODS Urinary selenium (U-Se) and arsenic (U-As) were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) in samples collected from pregnant women (n=226) in rural Bangladesh at gestational weeks (GW) 8, 14, 19, and 30. Urinary concentrations of trimethyl selenonium ion (TMSe) were measured by HPLC-vapor generation-ICPMS, as were inorganic arsenic (iAs), methylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Methylation efficiency was assessed based on relative amounts (%) of arsenic and selenium metabolites in urine. Genotyping for the main arsenite and selenium methyltransferases, AS3MT and INMT, was performed using TaqMan probes or Sequenom. RESULTS Multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses indicated that %TMSe (at GW8) was positively associated with %MMA (β=1.3, 95% CI: 0.56, 2.0) and U-As, and inversely associated with %DMA and U-Se in producers of TMSe (INMT rs6970396 AG+AA, n=74), who had a wide range of urinary TMSe (12-42%). Also, %TMSe decreased in parallel to %MMA during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester (-0.58 %TMSe per gestational week). We found a gene-gene interaction for %MMA (p-interaction=0.076 for haplotype 1). In analysis stratified by INMT genotype, the association between %MMA and both AS3MT haplotypes 1 and 3 was stronger in women with the INMT GG (TMSe nonproducers, 5th-95th percentile: 0.2-2%TMSe) vs. AG+AA genotype. CONCLUSIONS Our findings for Bangladeshi women suggest a positive association between urinary %MMA and %TMSe. Genes involved in the methylation of selenium and arsenic may interact on associations with urinary %MMA. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1912.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Skröder
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Engström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University , Lund, Sweden
| | - Doris Kuehnelt
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbro Nermell
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fahmida Tofail
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Karin Broberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Dong X, Shulzhenko N, Lemaitre J, Greer RL, Peremyslova K, Quamruzzaman Q, Rahman M, Hasan OSI, Joya SA, Golam M, Christiani DC, Morgun A, Kile ML. Arsenic exposure and intestinal microbiota in children from Sirajdikhan, Bangladesh. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188487. [PMID: 29211769 PMCID: PMC5718612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic has antimicrobial properties at high doses yet few studies have examined its effect on gut microbiota. This warrants investigation since arsenic exposure increases the risk of many diseases in which gut microbiota have been shown to play a role. We examined the association between arsenic exposure from drinking water and the composition of intestinal microbiota in children exposed to low and high arsenic levels during prenatal development and early life. RESULTS 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that children with high arsenic exposure had a higher abundance of Proteobacteria in their stool compared to matched controls with low arsenic exposure. Furthermore, whole metagenome shotgun sequencing identified 332 bacterial SEED functions that were enriched in the high exposure group. A separate model showed that these genes, which included genes involved in virulence and multidrug resistance, were positively correlated with arsenic concentration within the group of children in the high arsenic group. We performed reference free genome assembly, and identified strains of E.coli as contributors to the arsenic enriched SEED functions. Further genome annotation of the E.coli genome revealed two strains containing two different arsenic resistance operons that are not present in the gut microbiome of a recently described European human cohort (Metagenomics of the Human Intestinal Tract, MetaHIT). We then performed quantification by qPCR of two arsenic resistant genes (ArsB, ArsC). We observed that the expression of these two operons was higher among the children with high arsenic exposure compared to matched controls. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study indicates that arsenic exposure early in life was associated with altered gut microbiota in Bangladeshi children. The enrichment of E.coli arsenic resistance genes in the high exposure group provides an insight into the possible mechanisms of how this toxic compound could affect gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Julien Lemaitre
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Renee L. Greer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Kate Peremyslova
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | | | - Mahmudar Rahman
- Dhaka Community Hospital, Wireless Railgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Mostofa Golam
- Dhaka Community Hospital, Wireless Railgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - David C. Christiani
- Department of Environmental Heath, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Andriy Morgun
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
- * E-mail: , (AM); (MLK)
| | - Molly L. Kile
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
- * E-mail: , (AM); (MLK)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Arsenic, a known carcinogen and developmental toxicant, is a major threat to global health. While the contribution of arsenic exposure to chronic diseases and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes is recognized, its ability to impair critical functions of humoral and cell-mediated immunity-including the specific mechanisms in humans-is not well understood. Arsenic has been shown to increase risk of infectious diseases that have significant health implications during pregnancy and early life. Here, we review the latest research on the mechanisms of arsenic-related immune response alterations that could underlie arsenic-associated increased risk of infection during the vulnerable periods of pregnancy and early life. RECENT FINDINGS The latest evidence points to alteration of antibody production and transplacental transfer as well as failure of T helper cells to produce IL-2 and proliferate. Critical areas for future research include the effects of arsenic exposure during pregnancy and early life on immune responses to natural infection and the immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines.
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Shih YH, Islam T, Hore SK, Sarwar G, Shahriar MH, Yunus M, Graziano JH, Harjes J, Baron JA, Parvez F, Ahsan H, Argos M. Associations between prenatal arsenic exposure with adverse pregnancy outcome and child mortality. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 158:456-461. [PMID: 28692928 PMCID: PMC5554459 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic arsenic exposure is a public health concern in many parts of the world, with elevated concentrations in groundwater posing a threat to millions of people. Arsenic is associated with various cancers and an array of chronic diseases; however, the relationship with adverse pregnancy outcomes and child mortality is less established. OBJECTIVES We evaluated associations between individual-level prenatal arsenic exposure with adverse pregnancy outcomes and child mortality in a pregnancy study among 498 women nested in a larger population-based cohort in rural Bangladesh. METHODS Creatinine-adjusted urinary total arsenic concentration, a comprehensive measure of exposure from water, food, and air sources, reflective of the prenatal period was available for participants. Self-reported pregnancy outcomes (livebirth, stillbirth, spontaneous/elective abortion) were ascertained. Generalized estimating equations, accounting for multiple pregnancies of participants, were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Vital status of livebirths was subsequently ascertained through November 2015. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals in relation to child mortality. RESULTS We observed a significant association between prenatal arsenic exposure and the risk of stillbirth (greater than median; adjusted OR = 2.50; 95% CI = 1.04, 6.01). We also observed elevated risk of child mortality (greater than median; adjusted HR = 1.92; 95% CI = 0.78, 4.68) in relation to prenatal arsenic exposure. CONCLUSIONS Prospective studies should continue to evaluate prenatal and early life health effects of arsenic exposure and arsenic remediation strategies for women of child-bearing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Shih
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | | | - Samar Kumar Hore
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Mohammad Yunus
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Joseph H Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Judith Harjes
- BioInformatics Service Center, Section of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Department of Community & Family Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03766, United States
| | - John A Baron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Maria Argos
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Henderson MW, Madenspacher JH, Whitehead GS, Thomas SY, Aloor JJ, Gowdy KM, Fessler MB. Effects of Orally Ingested Arsenic on Respiratory Epithelial Permeability to Bacteria and Small Molecules in Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:097024. [PMID: 28960179 PMCID: PMC5915208 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic exposure via drinking water impacts millions of people worldwide. Although arsenic has been associated epidemiologically with increased lung infections, the identity of the lung cell types targeted by peroral arsenic and the associated immune mechanisms remain poorly defined. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the impact of peroral arsenic on pulmonary antibacterial host defense. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were administered drinking water with 0, 250 ppb, or 25 ppm sodium arsenite for 5 wk and then challenged intratracheally with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or lipopolysaccharide. Bacterial clearance and immune responses were profiled. RESULTS Arsenic had no effect on bacterial clearance in the lung or on the intrapulmonary innate immune response to bacteria or lipopolysaccharide, as assessed by neutrophil recruitment to, and cytokine induction in, the airspace. Alveolar macrophage TNFα production was unaltered. By contrast, arsenic-exposed mice had significantly reduced plasma TNFα in response to systemic lipopolysaccharide challenge, together suggesting that the local airway innate immune response may be relatively preserved from arsenic intoxication. Despite intact intrapulmonary bacterial clearance during pneumonia, arsenic-exposed mice suffered dramatically increased bacterial dissemination to the bloodstream. Mechanistically, this was linked to increased respiratory epithelial permeability, as revealed by intratracheal FITC-dextran tracking, serum Club Cell protein 16 measurement, and other approaches. Consistent with barrier disruption at the alveolar level, arsenic-exposed mice had evidence for alveolar epithelial type 1 cell injury. CONCLUSIONS Peroral arsenic has little effect on local airway immune responses to bacteria but compromises respiratory epithelial barrier integrity, increasing systemic translocation of inhaled pathogens and small molecules. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1878.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Henderson
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer H Madenspacher
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gregory S Whitehead
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Seddon Y Thomas
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jim J Aloor
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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77
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Rahman A, Granberg C, Persson LÅ. Early life arsenic exposure, infant and child growth, and morbidity: a systematic review. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3459-3467. [PMID: 28905217 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested a negative association between early life arsenic exposure and fetal size at birth, and subsequently with child morbidity and growth. However, our understanding of the relationship between arsenic exposure and morbidity and growth is limited. This paper aims to systematically review original human studies with an analytical epidemiological study design that have assessed arsenic exposure in fetal life or early childhood and evaluated the association with one or several of the following outcomes: fetal growth, birth weight or other birth anthropometry, infant and child growth, infectious disease morbidity in infancy and early childhood. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, TOXLINE, Web of Science, SciFinder and Scopus databases filtered for human studies. Based on the predefined eligibility criteria, two authors independently evaluated the studies. A total of 707 studies with morbidity outcomes were identified, of which six studies were eligible and included in this review. For the growth outcomes, a total of 2959 studies were found and nine fulfilled the criteria and were included in the review. A majority of the papers (10/15) emanated from Bangladesh, three from the USA, one from Romania and one from Canada. All included studies on arsenic exposure and morbidity showed an increased risk of respiratory tract infections and diarrhea. The findings in the studies of arsenic exposure and fetal, infant, and child growth were heterogeneous. Arsenic exposure was not associated with fetal growth. There was limited evidence of negative associations between arsenic exposures and birth weight and growth during early childhood. More studies from arsenic-affected low- and middle-income countries are needed to support the generalizability of study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisur Rahman
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Caroline Granberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars-Åke Persson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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78
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Gera R, Singh V, Mitra S, Sharma AK, Singh A, Dasgupta A, Singh D, Kumar M, Jagdale P, Patnaik S, Ghosh D. Arsenic exposure impels CD4 commitment in thymus and suppress T cell cytokine secretion by increasing regulatory T cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7140. [PMID: 28769045 PMCID: PMC5541098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is globally infamous for inducing immunosuppression associated with prevalence of opportunistic infection in exposed population, although the mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we investigate the effect of arsenic exposure on thymocyte lineage commitment and the involvement of regulatory T cells (Treg) in arsenic-induced immunosuppression. Male Balb/c mice were exposed to 0.038, 0.38 and 3.8 ppm sodium arsenite for 7, 15 and 30 days through oral gavage. Arsenic exposure promoted CD4 lineage commitment in a dose dependent manner supported by the expression of ThPOK in thymus. Arsenic also increased splenic CD4+ T cells and promoted their differentiation into Treg cells. In parallel, arsenic exposure induced immunosuppression characterized by low cytokine secretion from splenocytes and increased susceptibility to Mycobacterium fortuitum (M. fortuitum) infection. Therefore, we linked arsenic-induced rise in Treg cells with suppressed Th1 and Th2 related cytokines, which has been reversed by inhibition of Treg cells in-vivo using wortmannin. Other parameters like body weight, kidney and liver function, histoanatomy of thymus and spleen as well as thymocyte and splenocytes viability were unaltered by arsenic exposure. Taken together our findings indicated that environmentally relevant dose of arsenic enhanced differentiation of Treg cells which in turn induce immunosuppression in experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Gera
- Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Vikas Singh
- Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IITR campus, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Sumonto Mitra
- Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Kumar Sharma
- Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Singh
- Microbiology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Microbiology, CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhirendra Singh
- Regulatory toxicology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahadeo Kumar
- Regulatory toxicology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Jagdale
- Regulatory toxicology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satyakam Patnaik
- Water Analysis Laboratory, Nanotherapeutics and Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debabrata Ghosh
- Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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79
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Raqib R, Ahmed S, Ahsan KB, Kippler M, Akhtar E, Roy AK, Lu Y, Arifeen SE, Wagatsuma Y, Vahter M. Humoral Immunity in Arsenic-Exposed Children in Rural Bangladesh: Total Immunoglobulins and Vaccine-Specific Antibodies. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:067006. [PMID: 28657894 PMCID: PMC5743616 DOI: 10.1289/ehp318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life arsenic exposure has been associated with reduced cell-mediated immunity, but little is known about its effects on humoral immunity. OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether prenatal and childhood arsenic exposure was associated with humoral immune function in school-aged children. METHODS Children born in a prospective mother–child cohort in rural Bangladesh were immunized with measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccines at 9 years of age (n=525). Arsenic exposure was assessed in urine (U-As), from mothers during pregnancy and their children at 4.5 and 9 years of age. Total IgG (tIgG), tIgE, tIgA, and MMR-specific IgG concentrations were measured in plasma using immunoassays. RESULTS Arsenic exposure was positively associated with child tIgG and tIgE, but not tIgA. The association with tIgG was mainly apparent in boys (p for interaction=0.055), in whom each doubling of maternal U-As was related to an increase in tIgG by 28 mg/dL. The associations of U-As at 9 years with tIgG and tIgE were evident in underweight children (p for interaction <0.032). Childhood arsenic exposure tended to impair mumps-specific vaccine response, although the evaluation was complicated by high preimmunization titers. Postimmunization mumps–specific IgG titers tended to decrease with increasing U-As at 4.5 and 9 years of age [regression coefficient (β)=−0.16; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.33, 0.01; p=0.064 and β=−0.12; 95% CI: −0.27, −0.029; p=0.113, respectively) in 25% children with the lowest preexisting mumps-specific IgG titers. CONCLUSIONS Arsenic exposure increased tIgG and tIgE in plasma, and tended to decrease mumps-specific IgG in children at 9 years of age. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP318.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubhana Raqib
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sultan Ahmed
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Khalid Bin Ahsan
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evana Akhtar
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Anjan Kumar Roy
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ying Lu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Yukiko Wagatsuma
- Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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80
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Winterbottom EF, Koestler DC, Fei DL, Wika E, Capobianco AJ, Marsit CJ, Karagas MR, Robbins DJ. The aquaglyceroporin AQP9 contributes to the sex-specific effects of in utero arsenic exposure on placental gene expression. Environ Health 2017; 16:59. [PMID: 28615018 PMCID: PMC5471920 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex-specific factors play a major role in human health and disease, including responses to environmental stresses such as toxicant exposure. Increasing evidence suggests that such sex differences also exist during fetal development. In a previous report using the resources of the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS), we found that low-to-moderate in utero exposure to arsenic, a highly toxic and widespread pollutant, was associated with altered expression of several key developmental genes in the fetal portion of the placenta. These associations were sex-dependent, suggesting that in utero arsenic exposure differentially impacts male and female fetuses. In the present study, we investigated the molecular basis for these sex-specific responses to arsenic. METHODS Using NanoString technology, we further analyzed the fetal placenta samples from the NHBCS for the expression of genes encoding arsenic transporters and metabolic enzymes. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to examine their relationship with arsenic exposure and with key developmental genes, after stratification by fetal sex. RESULTS We found that maternal arsenic exposure was strongly associated with expression of the AQP9 gene, encoding an aquaglyceroporin transporter, in female but not male fetal placenta. Moreover, AQP9 expression associated with that of a subset of female-specific arsenic-responsive genes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that AQP9 is upregulated in response to arsenic exposure in female, but not male, fetal placenta. Based on these results and prior studies, increased AQP9 expression may lead to increased arsenic transport in the female fetal placenta, which in turn may alter the expression patterns of key developmental genes that we have previously shown to be associated with arsenic exposure. Thus, this study suggests that AQP9 may play a role in the sex-specific effects of in utero arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F. Winterbottom
- Molecular Oncology Program, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Devin C. Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Dennis Liang Fei
- Molecular Oncology Program, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
- Current address: Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Eric Wika
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA
| | - Anthony J. Capobianco
- Molecular Oncology Program, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755 USA
| | - David J. Robbins
- Molecular Oncology Program, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
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81
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Palmgren M, Engström K, Hallström BM, Wahlberg K, Søndergaard DA, Säll T, Vahter M, Broberg K. AS3MT-mediated tolerance to arsenic evolved by multiple independent horizontal gene transfers from bacteria to eukaryotes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175422. [PMID: 28426741 PMCID: PMC5398495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms have evolved the ability to tolerate toxic substances in their environments, often by producing metabolic enzymes that efficiently detoxify the toxicant. Inorganic arsenic is one of the most toxic and carcinogenic substances in the environment, but many organisms, including humans, metabolise inorganic arsenic to less toxic metabolites. This multistep process produces mono-, di-, and trimethylated arsenic metabolites, which the organism excretes. In humans, arsenite methyltransferase (AS3MT) appears to be the main metabolic enzyme that methylates arsenic. In this study, we examined the evolutionary origin of AS3MT and assessed the ability of different genotypes to produce methylated arsenic metabolites. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that multiple, independent horizontal gene transfers between different bacteria, and from bacteria to eukaryotes, increased tolerance to environmental arsenic during evolution. These findings are supported by the observation that genetic variation in AS3MT correlates with the capacity to methylate arsenic. Adaptation to arsenic thus serves as a model for how organisms evolve to survive under toxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Palmgren
- Unit of Metals & Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease—PUMPKIN, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Karin Engström
- Unit of Metals & Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn M. Hallström
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Wahlberg
- Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Torbjörn Säll
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie Vahter
- Unit of Metals & Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Unit of Metals & Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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82
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Ahmed S, Akhtar E, Roy A, von Ehrenstein OS, Vahter M, Wagatsuma Y, Raqib R. Arsenic exposure alters lung function and airway inflammation in children: A cohort study in rural Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 101:108-116. [PMID: 28159392 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic has been associated with increased risk of reduced lung function in adults, but the adverse impacts in early life are unclear. We aim to examine whether prenatal and childhood arsenic exposure is associated with reduced lung function and increased airway inflammation in school-aged children. Children born in the MINIMat cohort in rural Bangladesh were evaluated at 9years of age (n=540). Arsenic exposure was assessed in urine (U-As) that was collected from mothers during early pregnancy and their children aged 4.5 and 9years. In the 9-year-old children, lung function was assessed using spirometry and airway inflammation was assessed by the NIOX MINO system. C-reactive protein (CRP) and Clara cell secretory protein (CC16) concentrations were measured in plasma by immunoassays. The U-As concentrations in 9-year-old children were lower (median 53μg/l) compared to their mothers (median 76μg/l). Maternal U-As (log2 transformed) was inversely associated with forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1s (FEV1) (β=-12; 95% CI: -22, -1.5; p=0.031 and β=-12; 95% CI: -22, -1.9; p=0.023, respectively) in all children, and the associations were stronger in boys and among children with adequate height and weight, as well as among those whose mothers had higher percentages of methylarsonic acid (MMA) and lower percentages of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). U-As (log2 transformed) at 4.5 and 9years was positively associated with fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) concentrations in boys (β=0.89; 95% CI: 0.13, 1.66; p=0.022 and β=0.88; 95% CI: 0.16, 1.61; p=0.017, respectively) but not in girls. Increased CC16 concentrations were associated with higher lung function indices. In conclusion, our findings suggest that prenatal arsenic exposure is related to impaired lung function, while childhood exposure may increase airway inflammation, particularly in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Ahmed
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Evana Akhtar
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Adity Roy
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Ondine S von Ehrenstein
- Departments of Community Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yukiko Wagatsuma
- Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
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83
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Ettinger AS, Arbuckle TE, Fisher M, Liang CL, Davis K, Cirtiu CM, Bélanger P, LeBlanc A, Fraser WD. Arsenic levels among pregnant women and newborns in Canada: Results from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 153:8-16. [PMID: 27880879 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a common environmental contaminant from both naturally-occurring and anthropomorphic sources and human exposure can be detected in various tissues. Its toxicity depends on many factors including the chemical form, valence state, bioavailability, metabolism and detoxification within the human body. Of paramount concern, particularly with respect to health effects in children, is the timing of exposure as the prenatal and early life periods are more susceptible to toxic effects. The Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) cohort was established to obtain national-level biomonitoring data for approximately 2,000 pregnant women and their infants between 2008 and 2011 from 10 Canadian cities. We measured total arsenic (As) in 1st and 3rd trimester maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, and infant meconium and speciated arsenic in 1st trimester maternal urine. Most pregnant women had detectable levels of total arsenic in blood (92.5% and 87.3%, respectively, for 1st and 3rd trimester); median difference between 1st and 3rd trimester was 0.1124µg/L (p<0.0001), but paired samples were moderately correlated (Spearman r=0.41, p<0.0001). Most samples were below the LOD for umbilical cord blood (50.9%) and meconium (93.9%). In 1st trimester urine samples, a high percentage (>50%) of arsenic species (arsenous acid (As-III), arsenic acid (As-V), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and arsenobetaine (AsB)) were also below the limit of detection, except dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). DMA (>85% detected) ranged from <LOD to 64.42 (95th percentile: 11.99)µgAs/L. There was a weak but significant correlation between total arsenic in blood and specific gravity-adjusted DMA in urine (Spearman r=0.33, p<0.0001). Among this population of pregnant woman and newborns, levels of arsenic measured in blood and urine were lower than national population figures for Canadian women of reproductive age (20-39 years). In general, higher arsenic levels were observed in women who were older, foreign-born (predominantly from Asian countries), and had higher education. Further research is needed to elucidate sources of exposure and factors that may influence arsenic exposure in pregnant women and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne S Ettinger
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Nutritional Sciences, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA.
| | - Tye E Arbuckle
- Population Studies Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, A.L. 0801 A, 50 Colombine Dr., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0K9.
| | - Mandy Fisher
- Population Studies Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, A.L. 0801 A, 50 Colombine Dr., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Chun Lei Liang
- Population Studies Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, A.L. 0801 A, 50 Colombine Dr., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Karelyn Davis
- Population Studies Division, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, A.L. 0801 A, 50 Colombine Dr., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Ciprian-Mihai Cirtiu
- Laboratoire de toxicologie, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, 945, avenue Wolfe, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 5B3
| | - Patrick Bélanger
- Laboratoire de toxicologie, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, 945, avenue Wolfe, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 5B3
| | - Alain LeBlanc
- Laboratoire de toxicologie, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, 945, avenue Wolfe, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 5B3
| | - William D Fraser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1H 5N4; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Mother and Child University Hospital Center, 3175 chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, Canada H3T 1C5
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84
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Li H, Wang M, Liang Q, Jin S, Sun X, Jiang Y, Pan X, Zhou Y, Peng Y, Zhang B, Zhou A, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Cao J, Zhang H, Xia W, Zheng T, Cai Z, Li Y, Xu S. Urinary metabolomics revealed arsenic exposure related to metabolic alterations in general Chinese pregnant women. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1479:145-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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85
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Steinmaus C, Ferreccio C, Acevedo J, Balmes JR, Liaw J, Troncoso P, Dauphiné DC, Nardone A, Smith AH. High risks of lung disease associated with early-life and moderate lifetime arsenic exposure in northern Chile. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 313:10-15. [PMID: 27725189 PMCID: PMC5247272 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic in drinking water has been associated with increases in lung disease, but information on the long-term impacts of early-life exposure or moderate exposure levels are limited. METHODS We investigated pulmonary disease and lung function in 795 subjects from three socio-demographically similar areas in northern Chile: Antofagasta, which had a well-described period of high arsenic water concentrations (860μg/L) from 1958 to 1970; Iquique, which had long-term arsenic water concentrations near 60μg/L; and Arica, with long-term water concentrations ≤10μg/L. RESULTS Compared to adults never exposed >10μg/L, adults born in Antofagasta during the high exposure period had elevated odds ratios (OR) of respiratory symptoms (e.g., OR for shortness of breath=5.56, 90% confidence interval (CI): 2.68-11.5), and decreases in pulmonary function (e.g., 224mL decrease in forced vital capacity in nonsmokers, 90% CI: 97-351mL). Subjects with long-term exposure to arsenic water concentrations near 60μg/L also had increases in some pulmonary symptoms and reduced lung function. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings provide new evidence that in utero or childhood arsenic exposure is associated with non-malignant pulmonary disease in adults. They also provide preliminary new evidence that long-term exposures to moderate levels of arsenic may be associated with lung toxicity, although the magnitude of these latter findings were greater than expected and should be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Steinmaus
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Catterina Ferreccio
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), FONDAP, Santiago, Chile
| | - Johanna Acevedo
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), FONDAP, Santiago, Chile
| | - John R Balmes
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jane Liaw
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Anatomía Patológica Dra. Patricia Troncoso, Iquique, Chile; Hospital Felix Bulnes, Departmento de Anatomía Patológica, Santiago, Chile
| | - David C Dauphiné
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Nardone
- Global Health Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Allan H Smith
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, UC Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Transcriptomics and methylomics of CD4-positive T cells in arsenic-exposed women. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:2067-2078. [PMID: 27838757 PMCID: PMC5399044 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic, a carcinogen with immunotoxic effects, is a common contaminant of drinking water and certain food worldwide. We hypothesized that chronic arsenic exposure alters gene expression, potentially by altering DNA methylation of genes encoding central components of the immune system. We therefore analyzed the transcriptomes (by RNA sequencing) and methylomes (by target-enrichment next-generation sequencing) of primary CD4-positive T cells from matched groups of four women each in the Argentinean Andes, with fivefold differences in urinary arsenic concentrations (median concentrations of urinary arsenic in the lower- and high-arsenic groups: 65 and 276 μg/l, respectively). Arsenic exposure was associated with genome-wide alterations of gene expression; principal component analysis indicated that the exposure explained 53% of the variance in gene expression among the top variable genes and 19% of 28,351 genes were differentially expressed (false discovery rate <0.05) between the exposure groups. Key genes regulating the immune system, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma, as well as genes related to the NF-kappa-beta complex, were significantly downregulated in the high-arsenic group. Arsenic exposure was associated with genome-wide DNA methylation; the high-arsenic group had 3% points higher genome-wide full methylation (>80% methylation) than the lower-arsenic group. Differentially methylated regions that were hyper-methylated in the high-arsenic group showed enrichment for immune-related gene ontologies that constitute the basic functions of CD4-positive T cells, such as isotype switching and lymphocyte activation and differentiation. In conclusion, chronic arsenic exposure from drinking water was related to changes in the transcriptome and methylome of CD4-positive T cells, both genome wide and in specific genes, supporting the hypothesis that arsenic causes immunotoxicity by interfering with gene expression and regulation.
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87
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Farzan SF, Gossai A, Chen Y, Chasan-Taber L, Baker E, Karagas M. Maternal arsenic exposure and gestational diabetes and glucose intolerance in the New Hampshire birth cohort study. Environ Health 2016; 15:106. [PMID: 27825389 PMCID: PMC5101688 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-016-0194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major pregnancy complication with detrimental effects for both mothers and their children. Accumulating evidence has suggested a potential role for arsenic (As) exposure in the development of GDM, but current studies have not assessed As exposure from water, urine or toenail samples. METHODS We investigated the association between As exposure and risk of glucose intolerance and GDM among 1151 women enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. Arsenic was measured in home well water and via biomarkers (i.e., maternal urine collected ~24-28 weeks gestation and toenail clippings collected 2 weeks postpartum). RESULTS A total of 105 (9.1 %) of women were diagnosed with glucose intolerance and 14 (1.2 %) of women were diagnosed with GDM. A total of 10.3 % of women had water As levels above 10 μg/L, with a mean As level of 4.2. Each 5 μg/L increase in As concentration in home well water was associated with a ~10 % increased odds of GDM (OR: 1.1, 95 % CI 1.0, 1.2). A positive and statistically significant association also was observed between toenail As and GDM (OR: 4.5, 95 % CI 1.2, 16.6), but not urinary arsenic (OR: 0.8, 95 % CI 0.3, 2.4). In a stratified analysis, the association between water As and GDM and glucose intolerance was largely limited to obese women (OR: 1.7, 95 % CI 1.0, 2.8). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the role of As exposure via water from private wells in the incidence of GDM and that this association may be modified by body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh F. Farzan
- Division of Environmental Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, MC 9237, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Anala Gossai
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Lisa Chasan-Taber
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| | - Emily Baker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH USA
| | - Margaret Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH USA
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88
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Hsu LI, Cheng YW, Chen CJ, Wu MM, Hsu KH, Chiou HY, Lee CH. Cumulative arsenic exposure is associated with fungal infections: Two cohort studies based on southwestern and northeastern basins in Taiwan. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 96:173-179. [PMID: 27693976 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-term arsenic exposure results in atherosclerosis and cancers, along with aberrant immune responses. Animal-based and epidemiological studies indicate that arsenic exposure increases susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections. This study aimed to assess whether arsenic exposure is associated with the development of fungal infection, which is substantially attributed to as a cause of aberrant immunity. Based on two well-established cohorts from two basins in southwestern (SW; high arsenic area) and northeastern (NE; low arsenic area) Taiwan (n=297 and 2738, respectively), the arsenic exposure in well water was estimated using HPLC-ICP-MS. Fungal infections were defined via clinical and mycological assessments (PCR of fungal 18S rRNA) of nail samples. Individuals in SW cohort with cumulative arsenic exposure >10,000μg/L∗years had a higher risk of developing fungal infections (OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.08-1.92) after adjusting for diabetes and occupation. In NE cohort, female sex, alcohol consumption, and chronic kidney diseases were associated with toenail infections. In contrast, fingernail infections (OR=1.33, 95% CI=1.05-1.68) were highly associated with arsenic exposure in a dose-dependent manner. We are the first to report palmar and plantar hyperkeratosis upon low arsenic exposure in 3.9% and 6.7% individuals, respectively. This is the first large-scale study showing arsenic exposure is associated with fungal infections in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-I Hsu
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Maan Wu
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hung Hsu
- Laboratory for Epidemiology, Department of Health Care Management, and Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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89
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Bommarito PA, Fry RC. Developmental Windows of Susceptibility to Inorganic Arsenic: A Survey of Current Toxicologic and Epidemiologic Data. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1503-1511. [PMID: 29354260 PMCID: PMC5771659 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00234j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, millions of people are exposed to elevated levels of inorganic arsenic (iAs) via drinking water. Exposure to iAs is associated with a wide range of negative health outcomes, including cancers, skin lesions, neurological impairment, cardiovascular diseases, and an increased susceptibility to infection. Among those exposed to iAs, the developing fetus and young children represent particularly sensitive subpopulations. Specifically, it has been noted in animal models and human populations that prenatal and early life iAs exposures are associated with diseases occurring during childhood and later in life. Recent epidemiologic and toxicologic studies have also demonstrated that epigenetic alterations may play a key mechanistic role underlying many of the iAs-associated health outcomes, including the carcinogenic and immunologic effects of exposure. This review summarizes some of the key studies related to prenatal and early life iAs exposure and highlights the complexities in isolating the precise developmental windows of exposure associated with these health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Bommarito
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering
, Gillings School of Global Public Health
, University of North Carolina
,
Chapel Hill
, North Carolina
, USA
.
| | - R. C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering
, Gillings School of Global Public Health
, University of North Carolina
,
Chapel Hill
, North Carolina
, USA
.
- Curriculum in Toxicology
, School of Medicine
, University of North Carolina
,
Chapel Hill
, North Carolina
, USA
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90
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Rebelo FM, Caldas ED. Arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium: Toxicity, levels in breast milk and the risks for breastfed infants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:671-688. [PMID: 27619212 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Metals are ubiquitous in nature, being found in all environmental compartments, and have a variety of applications in human activities. Metals are transferred by maternal blood to the fetus via the placenta, and exposure continues throughout life. For the general population, exposure comes mainly from water and food consumption, including breast milk. In this paper, we reviewed studies on the toxicity of arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium, the toxic metals of most concern to human health, focusing on the potential risks to newborns and infants. A total of 75 studies published since 2000 reporting the levels of these metals in breast milk were reviewed. Lead was the metal most investigated in breast milk (43 studies), and for which the highest levels were reported (up to 1515µg/L). Arsenic was the least investigated (18 studies), with higher levels reported for breast milk (up to 149µg/L) collected in regions with high arsenic concentrations in water (>10µg/L). Data from 34 studies on mercury showed that levels in breast milk were generally higher in populations with high fish consumption, where it may be present mainly as MeHg. Cadmium levels in breast milk were the lowest, with means <2µg/L in most of the 29 studies reviewed. Results of risk assessments indicated that the intake of arsenic, lead and mercury by infants through breastfeeding can be considered a health concern in most regions of the world. Although the potential risks to infants are mostly outweighed by the benefits of breast milk consumption, it is essential that contaminants be continuously monitored, especially in the most critical regions, and that measures be implemented by health authorities to reduce exposure of newborns and infants to these metals, and thus avoid unnecessary health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Maciel Rebelo
- Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency, University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Dutra Caldas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Brasilia, 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
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91
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Cardenas A, Houseman EA, Baccarelli AA, Quamruzzaman Q, Rahman M, Mostofa G, Wright RO, Christiani DC, Kile ML. In utero arsenic exposure and epigenome-wide associations in placenta, umbilical artery, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Epigenetics 2016; 10:1054-63. [PMID: 26646901 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic early in life has been associated with increased risk of several chronic diseases and is believed to alter epigenetic programming in utero. In the present study, we evaluate the epigenome-wide association of arsenic exposure in utero and DNA methylation in placenta (n = 37), umbilical artery (n = 45) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) (n = 52) in a birth cohort using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. Unadjusted and cell mixture adjusted associations for each tissue were examined along with enrichment analyses relative to CpG island location and omnibus permutation tests of association among biological pathways. One CpG in artery (cg26587014) and 4 CpGs in placenta (cg12825509; cg20554753; cg23439277; cg21055948) reached a Bonferroni adjusted level of significance. Several CpGs were differentially methylated in artery and placenta when controlling the false discovery rate (q-value<0.05), but none in HUVEC. Enrichment of hypomethylated CpG islands was observed for artery while hypermethylation of open sea regions were present in placenta relative to prenatal arsenic exposure. The melanogenesis pathway was differentially methylated in artery (Max F P < 0.001), placenta (Max F P < 0.001), and HUVEC (Max F P = 0.02). Similarly, the insulin-signaling pathway was differentially methylated in artery (Max F P = 0.02), placenta (Max F P = 0.02), and HUVEC (Max F P = 0.02). Our results show that prenatal arsenic exposure can alter DNA methylation in artery and placenta but not in HUVEC. Further studies are needed to determine if these alterations in DNA methylation mediate the effect of prenatal arsenic exposure and health outcomes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Cardenas
- a School of Biological and Population Health Sciences; College of Public Health and Human Sciences; Oregon State University ; Corvallis , OR USA
| | - E Andres Houseman
- a School of Biological and Population Health Sciences; College of Public Health and Human Sciences; Oregon State University ; Corvallis , OR USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert O Wright
- d Preventative Medicine and Pediatrics; Mt Sinai School of Medicine ; New York , NY USA
| | | | - Molly L Kile
- a School of Biological and Population Health Sciences; College of Public Health and Human Sciences; Oregon State University ; Corvallis , OR USA
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92
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Srivastava RK, Li C, Wang Y, Weng Z, Elmets CA, Harrod KS, Deshane JS, Athar M. Activating transcription factor 4 underlies the pathogenesis of arsenic trioxide-mediated impairment of macrophage innate immune functions. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 308:46-58. [PMID: 27461142 PMCID: PMC5978774 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic exposure to humans is considered immunosuppressive with augmented susceptibility to several infectious diseases. The exact molecular mechanisms, however, remain unknown. Earlier, we showed the involvement of unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling in arsenic-mediated impairment of macrophage functions. Here, we show that activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a UPR transcription factor, regulates arsenic trioxide (ATO)-mediated dysregulation of macrophage functions. In ATO-treated ATF4(+/+) wild-type mice, a significant down-regulation of CD11b expression was associated with the reduced phagocytic functions of peritoneal and lung macrophages. This severe immuno-toxicity phenotype was not observed in ATO-treated ATF4(+/-) heterozygous mice. To confirm these observations, we demonstrated in Raw 264.7 cells that ATF4 knock-down rescues ATO-mediated impairment of macrophage functions including cytokine production, bacterial engulfment and clearance of engulfed bacteria. Sustained activation of ATF4 by ATO in macrophages induces apoptosis, while diminution of ATF4 expression protects against ATO-induced apoptotic cell death. Raw 264.7 cells treated with ATO also manifest dysregulated Ca(++) homeostasis. ATO induces Ca(++)-dependent calpain-1 and caspase-12 expression which together regulated macrophage apoptosis. Additionally, apoptosis was also induced by mitochondria-regulated pathway. Restoring ATO-impaired Ca(++) homeostasis in ER/mitochondria by treatments with the inhibitors of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) and voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) attenuate innate immune functions of macrophages. These studies identify a novel role for ATF4 in underlying pathogenesis of macrophage dysregulation and immuno-toxicity of arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh K Srivastava
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Changzhao Li
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Craig A Elmets
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kevin S Harrod
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jessy S Deshane
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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93
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Farzan SF, Li Z, Korrick SA, Spiegelman D, Enelow R, Nadeau K, Baker E, Karagas MR. Infant Infections and Respiratory Symptoms in Relation to in Utero Arsenic Exposure in a U.S. Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:840-7. [PMID: 26359651 PMCID: PMC4892909 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic has been linked to disrupted immune function and greater infection susceptibility in highly exposed populations. Well arsenic levels above the U.S. EPA limit occur in our U.S. study area and are of particular concern for pregnant women and infants. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether in utero arsenic exposure affects the risk of infections and respiratory symptoms over the first year of life. METHODS We prospectively obtained information on infant infections and symptoms, including their duration and treatment (n = 412) at 4, 8, and 12 months using a parental telephone survey. Using generalized estimating equation models adjusted for potential confounders, we evaluated the association between maternal pregnancy urinary arsenic and infant infections and symptoms over the first year. RESULTS Each doubling of maternal urinary arsenic was related to increases in the total number of infections requiring prescription medication in the first year [relative risk (RR) = 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.2]. Urinary arsenic was related specifically to respiratory symptoms (difficulty breathing, wheezing, and cough) lasting ≥ 2 days or requiring prescription medication (RR = 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.2; and RR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.5, respectively), and wheezing lasting ≥ 2 days, resulting in a doctor visit or prescription medication treatment (RR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.7; RR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.8, and RR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0, 2.2, respectively). Associations also were observed with diarrhea (RR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1, 1.9) and fever resulting in a doctor visit (RR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.5). CONCLUSIONS In utero arsenic exposure was associated with a higher risk of infection during the first year of life in our study population, particularly infections requiring medical treatment, and with diarrhea and respiratory symptoms. CITATION Farzan SF, Li Z, Korrick SA, Spiegelman D, Enelow R, Nadeau K, Baker E, Karagas MR. 2016. Infant infections and respiratory symptoms in relation to in utero arsenic exposure in a U.S. COHORT Environ Health Perspect 124:840-847; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409282.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh F. Farzan
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Zhigang Li
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Susan A. Korrick
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donna Spiegelman
- Department of Biostatistics, and
- Department of Epidemiology, Global Health and Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard Enelow
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Stanford Medical School and Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Emily Baker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Address correspondence to M.R. Karagas, Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, One Medical Center Dr., 7927 Rubin, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA. Telephone: (603) 653-9010. E-mail:
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94
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CARDENAS A, SMIT E, BETHEL JW, HOUSEMAN EA, KILE ML. Arsenic exposure and the seroprevalence of total hepatitis A antibodies in the US population: NHANES, 2003-2012. Epidemiol Infect 2016; 144:1641-51. [PMID: 26739255 PMCID: PMC4855991 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268815003088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the association between urinary arsenic and the seroprevalence of total hepatitis A antibodies (total anti-HAV: IgG and IgM) in 11 092 participants aged ⩾6 years using information collected in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2012). Multivariate logistic regression models evaluated associations between total anti-HAV and total urinary arsenic defined as the sum of arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonate and dimethylarsinate (TUA1). Effect modification by self-reported HAV immunization status was evaluated. Total anti-HAV seroprevalence was 35·1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 33·3-36·9]. Seropositive status was associated with higher arsenic levels and this association was modified by immunization status (P = 0·03). For participants that received ⩾2 vaccine doses or did not know if they had received any doses, a positive dose-response association was observed between increasing TUA1 and odds of total anti-HAV [odds ratio (OR) 1·42, 95% CI 1·11-1·81; and OR 1·75, 95% CI 1·22-2·52], respectively. A positive but not statistically significant association was observed in those who received <2 doses (OR 1·46, 95% CI 0·83-2·59) or no dose (OR 1·12, 95% CI 0·98-1·30). Our analysis indicates that prevalent arsenic exposure was associated with positive total anti-HAV seroprevalence. Further studies are needed to determine if arsenic increases the risk for incident hepatitis A infection or HAV seroconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. CARDENAS
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - E. SMIT
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - J. W. BETHEL
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - E. A. HOUSEMAN
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - M. L. KILE
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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95
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Sanchez TR, Perzanowski M, Graziano JH. Inorganic arsenic and respiratory health, from early life exposure to sex-specific effects: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 147:537-55. [PMID: 26891939 PMCID: PMC4821752 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review synthesizes the diverse body of epidemiologic research accrued on inorganic arsenic exposure and respiratory health effects. Twenty-nine articles were identified that examined the relationship between inorganic arsenic exposure and respiratory outcomes (i.e. lung function, symptoms, acute respiratory infections, chronic non-malignant lung diseases, and non-malignant lung disease mortality). There was strong evidence of a general association between arsenic and non-malignant respiratory illness, including consistent evidence on lung function impairment, acute respiratory tract infections, respiratory symptoms, and non-malignant lung disease mortality. Overall, early life exposure (i.e. in utero and/or early-childhood) had a marked effect throughout the lifespan. This review also identified some research gaps, including limited evidence at lower levels of exposure (water arsenic <100μg/L), mixed evidence of sex differences, and some uncertainty on arsenic and any single non-malignant respiratory disease or pathological process. Common limitations, including potential publication bias; non-comparability of outcome measures across included articles; incomplete exposure histories; and limited confounder control attenuated the cumulative strength of the evidence as it relates to US populations. This systematic review provides a comprehensive assessment of the epidemiologic evidence and should be used to guide future research on arsenic's detrimental effects on respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany R Sanchez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Matthew Perzanowski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Joseph H Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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96
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Hodges E, Tomcej V. Is there a link between pollutant exposure and emerging infectious disease? THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2016; 57:535-537. [PMID: 27152044 PMCID: PMC4827747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A scoping literature review found evidence supporting the hypothesis that a population's pollution status could help refine classification of emerging infectious disease (EID) hotspots. Systematic literature reviews and studies designed to specifically test the predictive value of pollutant status on EID risk are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hodges
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UCVM) (Hodges), Faculty of Medicine (Tomcej), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Veronica Tomcej
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UCVM) (Hodges), Faculty of Medicine (Tomcej), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
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Yunus FM, Khan S, Chowdhury P, Milton AH, Hussain S, Rahman M. A Review of Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in Bangladesh: The Millennium Development Goal Era and Beyond. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:215. [PMID: 26891310 PMCID: PMC4772235 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination in drinking water has a detrimental impact on human health which profoundly impairs the quality of life. Despite recognition of the adverse health implications of arsenic toxicity, there have been few studies to date to suggest measures that could be taken to overcome arsenic contamination. After the statement in 2000 WHO Bulletin that Bangladesh has been experiencing the largest mass poisoning of population in history, we researched existing literature to assess the magnitude of groundwater arsenic contamination in Bangladesh. The literature reviewed related research that had been initiated and/or completed since the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) under four domains: (1) extent of arsenic contamination; (2) health consequences; (3) mitigation and technologies and (4) future directions. To this means, a review matrix was established for analysis of previous literature based on these four core domains. Our findings revealed that several high-quality research articles were produced at the beginning of the MDG period, but efforts have dwindled in recent years. Furthermore, there were only a few studies conducted that focused on developing suitable solutions for managing arsenic contamination. Although the government of Bangladesh has made its population’s access to safe drinking water a priority agenda item, there are still pockets of the population that continue to suffer from arsenic toxicity due to contaminated water supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakir Md Yunus
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, 75 Mohakhali, BRAC Centre, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
- James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Safayet Khan
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, 75 Mohakhali, BRAC Centre, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Priyanka Chowdhury
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, 75 Mohakhali, BRAC Centre, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Abul Hasnat Milton
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB), School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Sumaira Hussain
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB), School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Mahfuzar Rahman
- BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, 75 Mohakhali, BRAC Centre, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
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Arsenic Exposure and Immunotoxicity: a Review Including the Possible Influence of Age and Sex. Curr Environ Health Rep 2016; 3:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Bailey KA, Smith AH, Tokar EJ, Graziano JH, Kim KW, Navasumrit P, Ruchirawat M, Thiantanawat A, Suk WA, Fry RC. Mechanisms Underlying Latent Disease Risk Associated with Early-Life Arsenic Exposure: Current Research Trends and Scientific Gaps. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:170-5. [PMID: 26115410 PMCID: PMC4749078 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of individuals worldwide, particularly those living in rural and developing areas, are exposed to harmful levels of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in their drinking water. Inorganic As exposure during key developmental periods is associated with a variety of adverse health effects, including those that are evident in adulthood. There is considerable interest in identifying the molecular mechanisms that relate early-life iAs exposure to the development of these latent diseases, particularly in relationship to cancer. OBJECTIVES This work summarizes research on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the increased risk of cancer development in adulthood that is associated with early-life iAs exposure. DISCUSSION Epigenetic reprogramming that imparts functional changes in gene expression, the development of cancer stem cells, and immunomodulation are plausible underlying mechanisms by which early-life iAs exposure elicits latent carcinogenic effects. CONCLUSIONS Evidence is mounting that relates early-life iAs exposure and cancer development later in life. Future research should include animal studies that address mechanistic hypotheses and studies of human populations that integrate early-life exposure, molecular alterations, and latent disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Bailey
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Allan H. Smith
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Erik J. Tokar
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph H. Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kyoung-Woong Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Panida Navasumrit
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mathuros Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apinya Thiantanawat
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - William A. Suk
- Superfund Research Program, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to R.C. Fry, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, 135 Dauer Dr., CB 7431, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295 USA. Telephone: (919) 843-6864. E-mail:
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100
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Kippler M, Skröder H, Rahman SM, Tofail F, Vahter M. Elevated childhood exposure to arsenic despite reduced drinking water concentrations--A longitudinal cohort study in rural Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 86:119-25. [PMID: 26580026 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the massive efforts to lower water arsenic concentrations in Bangladesh. METHODS In our large mother-child cohort in rural Matlab, we measured the arsenic concentrations (and other elements) in drinking water and evaluated the actual exposure (urinary arsenic), from early gestation to 10 years of age (n=1017). RESULTS Median drinking water arsenic decreased from 23 (2002-2003) to <2 μg/L (2013), and the fraction of wells exceeding the national standard (50 μg/L) decreased from 58 to 27%. Still, some children had higher water arsenic at 10 years than earlier. Installation of deeper wells (>50 m) explained much of the lower water arsenic concentrations, but increased the manganese concentrations. The highest manganese concentrations (~900 μg/L) appeared in 50-100 m wells. Low arsenic and manganese concentrations (17% of the children) occurred mainly in >100 m wells. The decrease in urinary arsenic concentrations over time was less apparent, from 82 to 58 μg/L, indicating remaining sources of exposure, probably through food (mean 133 μg/kg in rice). CONCLUSION Despite decreased water arsenic concentrations in rural Bangladesh, the children still have elevated exposure, largely from food. Considering the known risks of severe health effects in children, additional mitigation strategies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Helena Skröder
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Syed Moshfiqur Rahman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Fahmida Tofail
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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