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Kearns ML, MacAindriu F, Reynolds CM. The Impact of Non-caloric Sweeteners on Male Fertility: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis in Rodent Models. Front Nutr 2022; 9:854074. [PMID: 35836587 PMCID: PMC9274198 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.854074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors which influence fertility is essential for developing appropriate nutritional recommendations for couples trying to conceive. Non-caloric sweeteners (NCS) are increasing in the food chain and despite being no/low calorie, several adverse metabolic consequences have been attributed to their consumption. Their effects on reproduction have been relatively under-researched, particularly in males. This review aims to systematically review the literature for evidence of the effect of NCS on male fertility in rodents, with sperm parameters (sperm quantity and quality) assessed as primary outcomes. Given the lack of information available in humans this review has been carried out using evidence from rodent models. Risk of bias assessment was carried out using the Syrcle risk of bias tool. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Forty-four percent showed a negative effect of NCS on male reproductive parameters compared with controls. The effects of NCS on fertility have been conflicting and selected studies have been heterogeneous in relation to study design. It is unclear if NCS has an impact on male reproductive function. There is a need for randomized controlled trials using a standardized protocol for analysis, to formulate a clear message in terms of male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Kearns
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Conway Institute/Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionn MacAindriu
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare M. Reynolds
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Conway Institute/Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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52
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Delbreil P, Rabanel JM, Banquy X, Brambilla D. Therapeutic nanotechnologies for Alzheimer's disease: a critical analysis of recent trends and findings. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114397. [PMID: 35738546 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease for which no disease modifying therapies are presently available. Besides the identification of pathological targets, AD presents numerous clinical and pharmacological challenges such as efficient active delivery to the central nervous system, cell targeting, and long-term dosing. Nanoparticles have been explored to overcome some of these challenges as drug delivery vehicles or drugs themselves. However, early promises have failed to materialize as no nanotechnology-based product has been able to reach the market and very few have moved past preclinical stages. In this review, we perform a critical analysis of the past decade's research on nanomedicine-based therapies for AD at the preclinical and clinical stages. The main obstacles to nanotechnology products and the most promising approaches were also identified, including renewed promise with gene editing, gene modulation, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Delbreil
- Faculty of pharmacy, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Rabanel
- Faculty of pharmacy, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Xavier Banquy
- Faculty of pharmacy, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Davide Brambilla
- Faculty of pharmacy, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Andrade S, Loureiro JA, Ramirez S, Catumbela CSG, Soto C, Morales R, Pereira MC. Multi-Dose Intravenous Administration of Neutral and Cationic Liposomes in Mice: An Extensive Toxicity Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060761. [PMID: 35745680 PMCID: PMC9229811 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are widely used as delivery systems for therapeutic purposes. However, the toxicity associated with the multi-dose administration of these nanoparticles is not fully elucidated. Here, we evaluated the toxicity of the prolonged administration of liposomes composed of neutral or cationic phospholipids often used in drug and gene delivery. For that purpose, adult wild-type mice (C57Bl6) were randomly distributed into three groups receiving either vehicle (PBS), neutral, or cationic liposomes and subjected to repeated intravenous injections for a total of 10 doses administered over 3 weeks. Several parameters, including mortality, body weight, and glucose levels, were monitored throughout the trial. While these variables did not change in the group treated with neutral liposomes, the group treated with the positively charged liposomes displayed a mortality rate of 45% after 10 doses of administration. Additional urinalysis, blood tests, and behavioral assays to evaluate impairments of motor functions or lesions in major organs were also performed. The cationic group showed less forelimb peak force than the control group, alterations at the hematological level, and inflammatory components, unlike the neutral group. Overall, the results demonstrate that cationic liposomes are toxic for multi-dose administration, while the neutral liposomes did not induce changes associated with toxicity. Therefore, our results support the use of the well-known neutral liposomes as safe drug shuttles, even when repetitive administrations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Andrade
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (S.A.); (J.A.L.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana A. Loureiro
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (S.A.); (J.A.L.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Santiago Ramirez
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.R.); (C.S.G.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Celso S. G. Catumbela
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.R.); (C.S.G.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Claudio Soto
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.R.); (C.S.G.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.R.); (C.S.G.C.); (C.S.)
- Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 1497, Chile
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (M.C.P.)
| | - Maria Carmo Pereira
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (S.A.); (J.A.L.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (M.C.P.)
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Oros-Pantoja R, Córdoba-Adaya JC, Torres-García E, Morales-Avila E, Aranda-Lara L, Santillán-Benítez JG, Sánchez-Holguín M, Hernández-Herrera NO, Otero G, Isaac-Olivé K. Preclinical evaluation of early multi-organ toxicity induced by liposomal doxorubicin using 67Ga-citrate. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:247-264. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2071180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julio César Córdoba-Adaya
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Teranóstica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Eugenio Torres-García
- Laboratorio de Dosimetría y Simulación Monte Carlo, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Enrique Morales-Avila
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Liliana Aranda-Lara
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Teranóstica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Jonnathan G Santillán-Benítez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Gloria Otero
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Keila Isaac-Olivé
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Teranóstica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
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Li IC, Chiang LH, Wu SY, Shih YC, Chen CC. Nutrition Profile and Animal-Tested Safety of Morchella esculenta Mycelia Produced by Fermentation in Bioreactors. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101385. [PMID: 35626955 PMCID: PMC9140585 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Morchella esculenta (ME), or “true” morel mushrooms, are one of the most expensive mushrooms. M. esculenta contain all the important nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and several bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, organic acids, polyphenolic compounds, and tocopherols, which are promising for antioxidant, immunomodulation, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory applications. However, the M. esculenta fruiting body is difficult to collect in nature and the quality is not always reliable. For this reason, the cultivation of its mycelia represents a useful alternative for large-scale production. However, for M. esculenta mycelia to be used as an innovative food ingredient, it is very important to prove it is safe for human consumption while providing high-quality nutrients. Hence, for the first time in this study, the nutritional composition, as well as 90 days of oral toxicity of fermented ME mycelia in Sprague Dawley rats, is examined. Results showed that the ME mycelia contained 4.20 ± 0.49% moisture, 0.32 ± 0.07% total ash, 17.17 ± 0.07% crude lipid, 39.35 ± 0.35% crude protein, 38.96 ± 4.60% carbohydrates, and 467.77 ± 0.21 kcal/100 g energy, which provides similar proportions of macronutrients as the U.S. Dietary Reference Intakes recommend. Moreover, forty male and female Sprague Dawley rats administrating ME mycelia at oral doses of 0, 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg/kg for 90 days showed no significant changes in mortality, clinical signs, body weight, ophthalmology, and urinalysis. Although there were alterations in hematological and biochemical parameters, organ weights, necropsy findings, and histological markers, they were not considered to be toxicologically significant. Hence, the results suggest that the no-observed-adverse-effects level (NOAEL) of ME mycelia was greater than 3000 mg/kg/day and can therefore be used safely as a novel food at the NOAEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Li
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan City 325, Taiwan; (I.-C.L.); (L.-H.C.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Lynn-Huey Chiang
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan City 325, Taiwan; (I.-C.L.); (L.-H.C.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Szu-Yin Wu
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan City 325, Taiwan; (I.-C.L.); (L.-H.C.); (S.-Y.W.)
| | - Yang-Chia Shih
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung City 413, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan City 325, Taiwan; (I.-C.L.); (L.-H.C.); (S.-Y.W.)
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei City 104, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Vitorino M, Simão S, Moreira JB, Nogueira‐Rodrigues J, Silva J, Lourenço AS, Fernandes V, Sousa MM, Tiscornia G, Araújo IM. Coronal brain atlas in stereotaxic coordinates of the African spiny mouse,
Acomys cahirinus. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2215-2237. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.25329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vitorino
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR) University of Algarve Faro Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Algarve Faro Portugal
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMAR) University of Algarve Faro Portugal
| | - Sónia Simão
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR) University of Algarve Faro Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Algarve Faro Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC‐RI) University of Algarve Faro Portugal
| | - João B. Moreira
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR) University of Algarve Faro Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Algarve Faro Portugal
| | - Joana Nogueira‐Rodrigues
- Nerve Regeneration Group Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) University of Porto Porto Portugal
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS) University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR) University of Algarve Faro Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Algarve Faro Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Lourenço
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR) University of Algarve Faro Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Algarve Faro Portugal
| | - Vítor Fernandes
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR) University of Algarve Faro Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Algarve Faro Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC‐RI) University of Algarve Faro Portugal
| | - Monica M. Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration Group Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S) University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Gustavo Tiscornia
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR) University of Algarve Faro Portugal
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMAR) University of Algarve Faro Portugal
- Clínica Eugin Barcelona Spain
| | - Inês M. Araújo
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR) University of Algarve Faro Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Algarve Faro Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC‐RI) University of Algarve Faro Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program Lisbon Portugal
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Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyxes Aqueous Extract on Antioxidant Status and Histopathology in Mammary Tumor-Induced in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9872788. [PMID: 35502172 PMCID: PMC9056213 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9872788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major threat worldwide. Hibiscus sabdariffa is widely consumed as beverage in sub-Saharan Africa for its anticancer potential. The present study therefore aimed at scientifically verifying its anticancer effect in rats. For this, 48 Wistar rats (∼55 days) were treated either with tamoxifen at 3.3 mg/kg BW (standard) or with a decoction of H. sabdariffa (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW) or distilled water (vehicle). Breast cancer was induced by a single dose of 50 mg/kg of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). At the end of the 21 weeks of treatment, the tumor incidence, tumor morphology, histopathology, as well as some biochemical parameters in the tumors were assessed. As a result, 86% of DMBA's rats developed mammary tumors. The H. sabdariffa extract (125 and 250 mg/kg) reduced tumor incidence by 63% and 75%, respectively; inhibited tumor burden by 84.86% and 38.78%, respectively, and decreased tumor volume by more than 72% compared to the DMBA group. It also protected rats against DMBA-induced diffuse breast neoplasia, and the optimal effect was recorded at 125 mg/kg. Furthermore, it significantly increases the SOD activity and decreases the MDA level. In summary, H. sabdariffa has antibreast tumor and antioxidant properties in rats, which could justify its common use to treat cancer.
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Toxicological Safety Evaluation in Acute and 21-Day Studies of Ethanol Extract from Sol anum lyratum Thunb. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8518324. [PMID: 35399634 PMCID: PMC8991412 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8518324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Solanum lyratum (Solanaceae) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used to remedy cold fever, damp-heat jaundice, herpes, and nephritis dropsy. Despite its obvious therapeutic advantages, few toxicological studies have involved the efficacy and safety of its long-term treatment. To investigate the acute and subchronic toxicity of the extract of 75% ethanol extract of whole Solanum lyratum (ESL) after oral administration in mice. In acute toxicity experiment, mice were intragastric administration with ESL at doses of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, or 5000 mg/kg for 1 day. In a subchronic toxicity experiment, mice were intragastrically administration with ESL at doses of 180, 360, and 720 mg/kg and 0.9% saline for 21 days. Weight gain, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological analysis of vital organs were evaluated. The presence of aristolochic acid I in ESL was studied using UPLC-QTOF-MS. Phytochemical analysis indicated that the presence of aristolochic acid I in ESL was 0.0025 mg/g. This relatively low concentration is not enough to cause toxicity. In the acute toxicity experiment, neither mortality nor clinical alterations were shown, except for the mild transient diarrhea at 5000 mg/kg. So the LD50 value of ESL was assessed to be more than 5000 mg/kg. In the subchronic toxicity experiment, neither mortality nor treatment-related clinical signs were observed. There was a significant increase in body weight, hemoglobin (HB), and urea nitrogen (BUN) after administration with ESL at 180 mg/kg. In addition, the weight of the stomach was increased and the hematocrit (HCT) was decreased after administration with ESL at 360 mg/kg. The changes were not considered treatment-related toxicological effects because the toxicity and histopathological analysis indicate that the extracts are safe for oral administration.
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Abdelrahman RS, Shawky NM. Trimetazidine, a metabolic modulator, attenuates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis and decreases lactate levels and LDH activity in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23071. [PMID: 35403780 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis has been recently linked to metabolic dysregulation. Silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats was employed by the current study to explore the effects of trimetazidine (a metabolic modulator-antianginal drug; TMZ) on silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by intranasal instillation of silica (50 mg/100 µl/rat) in TMZ versus vehicle-treated rats. Body weights of rats, weights of lungs, and wet-to-dry lung weights were determined. Various parameters were also measured in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in addition to lung tissue homogenates. Moreover, histopathological examination of sectioned lungs for lesion score and distribution and histochemical detection of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissues were also performed. No significant differences were observed in body weight gains, lung coefficients, lung weights, and wet-to-dry lung weight in silica versus control rats. Elevated lactate levels in serum and lung homogenates were significantly attenuated by TMZ. In addition, lactate dehydrogenase activity, transforming growth factor-β, and total proteins in BALF were significantly normalized with TMZ. Moreover, TMZ significantly increased reduced glutathione and adenosine triphosphate levels and decreased nitrate/nitrite and hydroxyproline content in lungs of silica-treated rats. Histopathological examination of lungs revealed more than 56% reduction in lesion score and distribution by TMZ. MPO expression in lungs of silica-treated rats was also significantly attenuated by TMZ. TMZ attenuates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis, an effect that could be mediated by suppressing anaerobic glycolysis-induced excessive lactate production. Regulation of oxidative stress could also play a role in TMZ-promoted protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab S Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madina Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Noha M Shawky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Wang Q, Zhao L, Zhang H, Zhang S, Yang P, Wang H, Yuan Q, Wu G, Wu C. Acute toxicity and safety profile evolution of aqueous extracts of Sanren decoction using in vivo models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 287:114940. [PMID: 34968665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sanren decoction (SRD) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription containing eight kinds of materials. SRD has been used mainly in China for more than 200 years for the treatment of respiratory disorders that co-occur with a bad fever after midday. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the acute and 28-day subacute toxicity of an aqueous extract of SRD using in vivo methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS To determine acute toxicity, SRD was administered by gavage at a dosage of 58.5 g/kg/day to male and female mice for 7 days. To determine subacute toxicity, SRD was administered at 3.3, 6.5, or 13 g/kg/day to male and female rats for 28 days. The general behavior, body weight, biochemical and hematological parameters, organ coefficients and pathological morphology of the treated animals were analyzed. RESULTS Neither acute nor subacute concentrations of SRD caused significant changes in the body weights, general behavior, hematology and biochemical parameters, organ weights, or histopathological appearances of the liver, kidney, spleen, brain, lung or heart in mice or rats. CONCLUSIONS The administration of SRD can be considered safe within the conditions of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Liutao Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Pu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Qingyan Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Guanlian Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Chunli Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
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Safety evaluation of carbon tetrafluoride as an inert hyperbaric breathing gas in Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 444:116023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mu Y, Sun J, Li Z, Zhang W, Liu Z, Li C, Peng C, Cui G, Shao H, Du Z. Activation of pyroptosis and ferroptosis is involved in the hepatotoxicity induced by polystyrene microplastics in mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132944. [PMID: 34793849 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are new environmental pollutants and have received widespread attention in recent years, but the toxicity of the MPs remains to be fully elucidated. To explore the effect of MPs on hepatotoxicity in mice and unravel the mechanism of pyroptosis and ferroptosis in the process of liver injury, we treated mice with 5.0 μm polypropylene microplastics (MPs) at 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/mL for 4 weeks. Results revealed that MPs could damage liver structure and function with broken and reduced mitochondrial cristae, as well as increased levels of aspartate minotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST/ALT, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Treatment with MPs resulted in pyroptosis as evidenced by increasing expressions of interleukin IL-1β, IL-18. Additionally, MPs were shown to induce the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and apoptosis associated speck-like protein (ASC) containing a caspase recruitment domain activation in liver tissue, enabling activation of Caspase-1-dependent signaling pathway induced by inflammatory stimuli resulting from oxidative stress. In addition, the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver indicated that MPs could induce oxidative damage. Moreover, MPs induced lipid peroxidation in the liver of mice could activate the expression of ferroptosis related proteins, including iron metabolism, such as transferrin receptor (TFRC) was active but ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) was inhibited; amino acid metabolism, such as XCT system and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were inhibited; lipid metabolism, such as acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) was inhibited. Collectively, these findings evidenced that pyroptosis and ferroptosis occurred in MPs-induced liver injury accompanied by intense oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwen Mu
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayin Sun
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanxin Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuodong Liu
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 4108, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Guanqun Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, 250022, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Shao
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongjun Du
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Shan Q, Tian G, Han X, Hui H, Yamamoto M, Hao M, Wang J, Wang K, Sang X, Qin L, Chen G, Cao G. Toxicity of Tetradium ruticarpum: Subacute Toxicity Assessment and Metabolomic Identification of Relevant Biomarkers. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:803855. [PMID: 35295336 PMCID: PMC8918793 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.803855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetradium ruticarpum (TR) is widely used in Asia to treat gastrointestinal disorders and pain. Stir-frying with licorice aqueous extract is a traditional processing procedure of TR formed in a long-term practice and performed before clinical application, and believed to reduce TR’s toxicity. However, its toxicity and possible toxicity attenuation approach are yet to be well investigated. Subacute toxicity and metabolomics studies were conducted to help understand the toxicity of TR. The subacute toxicity assessment indicated that 3 fold of the recommended therapeutic dose of TR did not show obvious subacute toxicity in rats. Although an extremely high dose (i.e., 60 fold of the recommended dose) may cause toxicity in rats, it reversed to normal after 2 weeks of recovery. Hepatocellular injury was the major toxic phenotype of TR-induced liver damage, indicating as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and liver index increasing, with histopathologic findings as local hepatocyte necrosis, focal inflammatory cell infiltration, slightly bile duct hyperplasia, and partial hepatocyte vacuolation. Moreover, we evaluated the impact of processing in toxicity. TR processed with licorice could effectively reduce drug-induced toxicity, which is a valuable step in TR pretreatment before clinical application. Metabolomics profiling revealed that primary bile acid biosynthesis, steroid biosynthesis, and arachidonic acid metabolism were mainly involved in profiling the toxicity metabolic regulatory network. The processing procedure could back-regulate these three pathways, and may be in an Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) dependent manner to alleviate the metabolic perturbations induced by TR. 7α-hydroxycholesterol, calcitriol, and taurocholic acid were screened and validated as the toxicity biomarkers of TR for potential clinical translation. Overall, the extensive subacute toxicity evaluation and metabolomic analysis would not only expand knowledge of the toxicity mechanisms of TR, but also provide scientific insight of traditional processing theory, and support clinical rational use of TR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Shan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gang Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Hui
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mai Yamamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Min Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingwei Wang
- The Public Platform of Medical Research Center, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuilong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianan Sang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luping Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Luping Qin, ; Guanqun Chen, ; Gang Cao,
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Luping Qin, ; Guanqun Chen, ; Gang Cao,
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Luping Qin, ; Guanqun Chen, ; Gang Cao,
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64
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Benatti HR, Gray-Edwards HL. Adeno-Associated Virus Delivery Limitations for Neurological Indications. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:1-7. [PMID: 35049369 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.29196.hrb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hector Ribeiro Benatti
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heather L Gray-Edwards
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Hsu PK, Tsai YT, Lin YC, Kuan CM. Assessment of the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Crassocephalum rabens (Asteraceae) in rats. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:58-63. [PMID: 35004182 PMCID: PMC8717411 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This pioneering study was to assess the acute and sub-acute toxicity of the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Crassocephalum rabens (Asteraceae) in rats. C. rabens is a common vegetable and herb for treating inflammation-related syndromes in Taiwan. Pharmacological studies have unveiled that the extracts of C. rabens have potential to become hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, or anti-cancer agents. The toxicological effects of the aerial parts of C. rabens in rodents are still elusive. For the acute toxicity study, rats were administrated with a single dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight (BW) and observed for 14 days in accordance with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline No. 420. For the sub-acute toxicity study, animals were orally treated with daily doses of 0, 416.7, 833.3, and 1,666.7 mg/kg BW for 28 days based on the OECD guideline No. 407. The toxicity of the repeated dose was observed with anthropometric, hematological, and biochemical parameters as well as histology. The mortality and critical pathological and biochemical abnormalities were not observed in the acute and/or sub-acute toxicity studies. The oral median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was greater than 5000 mg/kg BW. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) in male and female rats was greater than 1,666.7 mg/kg BW. As such, the extract of the aerial parts of C. rabens is considered a non-toxic substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Kuei Hsu
- Greenyn Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung City, 42881, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Ting Tsai
- Greenyn Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung City, 42881, Taiwan.,Testing Center, Super Laboratory Inc., New Taipei City, 24890, Taiwan.,Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Meng Kuan
- Greenyn Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taichung City, 42881, Taiwan
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66
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Fu A, Yang Y, Wu J, Li S, Fan Y, Yau TM, Li R. Bio-Conductive Polymers for Treating Myocardial Conductive Defects: Long-Term Efficacy Study. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101838. [PMID: 34704404 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction (MI), the resulting fibrotic scar is nonconductive and leads to ventricular dysfunction via electrical uncoupling of the remaining viable cardiomyocytes. The uneven conductive properties between normal myocardium and scar tissue result in arrhythmia, yielding sudden cardiac death/heart failure. A conductive biopolymer, poly-3-amino-4-methoxybenzoic acid-gelatin (PAMB-G), is able to resynchronize myocardial contractions in vivo. Intravenous PAMB-G injections into mice show that it does not cause any acute toxicity, up to the maximum tolerated dose (1.6 mL kg-1 ), which includes the determined therapeutic dose (0.4 mL kg-1 ). There is also no short- or long-term toxicity when PAMB-G is injected into the myocardium of MI rats, with no significant changes in body weight, organ-brain ratio, hematologic, and histological parameters for up to 12 months post-injection. At the therapeutic dose, PAMB-G restores electrical conduction in infarcted rat hearts, resulting in lowered arrhythmia susceptibility and improved cardiac function. PAMB-G is also durable, as mass spectrometry detected the biopolymer for up to 12 months post-injection. PAMB-G did not impact reproductive organ function or offspring characteristics when given intravenously into healthy adult rats. Thus, PAMB-G is a nontoxic, durable, and conductive biomaterial that is able to improve cardiac function for up to 1 year post-implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute Division of Cardiovascular Surgery University Health Network TorontoM5G 1L7 Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Toronto TorontoM5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Yahan Yang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute Division of Cardiovascular Surgery University Health Network TorontoM5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Jun Wu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute Division of Cardiovascular Surgery University Health Network TorontoM5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Shu‐Hong Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute Division of Cardiovascular Surgery University Health Network TorontoM5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Yunfei Fan
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute Division of Cardiovascular Surgery University Health Network TorontoM5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Terrance M Yau
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute Division of Cardiovascular Surgery University Health Network TorontoM5G 1L7 Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery Department of Surgery University of Toronto TorontoM5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Ren‐Ke Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute Division of Cardiovascular Surgery University Health Network TorontoM5G 1L7 Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Toronto TorontoM5G 1L7 Canada
- Division of Cardiac Surgery Department of Surgery University of Toronto TorontoM5G 1L7 Canada
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Zingue S, Mindang ELN, Awounfack FC, Kalgonbe AY, Kada MM, Njamen D, Ndinteh DT. Oral administration of tartrazine (E102) accelerates the incidence and the development of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:303. [PMID: 34972512 PMCID: PMC8720219 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the considerable advances made in the treatment of cancer, it remains a global threat. Tartrazine (E102) is a synthetic dye widely used in food industries; it has recently been shown to induce oxidative stress (a well known risk factor of cancer) in rat tissues. The present work therefore aimed to assess the impact of a regular consumption of tartrazine on the incidence of breast cancer in rats. METHODS Forty (40) Wistar rats aged 55 to 60 days were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n = 8) including two groups serving as normal controls and receiving distilled water (NOR) or tartrazine (NOR + TARZ). The three remaining groups were exposed to the carcinogen DMBA (50 mg/kg) and treated for 20 weeks with either distilled water (DMBA), tartrazine 50 mg/kg (DMBA + TARZ) or a natural dye (DMBA + COL). The parameters evaluated were the incidence, morphology and some biomarkers (CA 15-3, estradiol and α-fetoprotein) of breast cancer. The oxidative status and histomorphology of the tumors were also assessed. RESULTS A regular intake of tartrazine led to an early incidence of tumors (100% in rats that received TARZ only vs 80% in rats that received DMBA only), with significantly larger tumors (p < 0.001) (mass = 3500 mg/kg and volume = 4 cm3). The invasive breast carcinoma observed on the histological sections of the animals of the DMBA + TARZ group was more developed than those of the DMBA group. The increase in serum α-fetoprotein (p < 0.05) and CA 15-3 (p < 0.01) levels corroborate the changes observed in tumors. The presence of oxidative activity in animals of the DMBA + TARZ group was confirmed by a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and catalase) as well as the level of GSH and increase in the level of MDA compared to the rats of the DMBA and NOR groups. CONCLUSION Tartrazine therefore appears to be a promoter of DMBA-induced breast tumorigenesis in rats through its oxidative potential. This work encourages further studies on the mechanisms of action of tartrazine (E102) and its limits of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Zingue
- Department of Medical and Biomedical Engineering, Higher Technical Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 886, Ebolowa, Cameroon.
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55, Maroua, Cameroon.
- Centre for Natural Product Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa.
| | | | - Florence Charline Awounfack
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Abel Yanfou Kalgonbe
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Moustapha Mohamet Kada
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Dieudonné Njamen
- Centre for Natural Product Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Derek Tantoh Ndinteh
- Centre for Natural Product Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa.
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Pereira JR, da Fonseca AG, de Sena Fernandes LL, Furtado AA, da Silva VC, da Veiga Júnior VF, Sant'Ana AEG, Oliveira CN, Guerra GCB, de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa M, Gavioli EC, Oliveira-Costa JF, Soares MBP, de Lima ÁAN, de Melo Silva D, Moura Lemos TMA. Toxicological and pharmacological effects of pentacyclic triterpenes rich fraction obtained from the leaves of Mansoa hirsuta. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112478. [PMID: 34872801 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mansoa hirsuta is a medicinal plant native to the Brazilian semi-arid region. This approach aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo toxicity and anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions of the M. hirsuta fraction (MHF). In vitro cell viability was assessed in 3T3 cells. In vivo, the acute toxicity test, a single dose of the MHF was administered. For the subchronic toxicity test, three doses of were administered for 30 days. Locomotion and motor coordination were assessed using open field and rota-rod. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in carrageenan-induced paw edema and zymosan-induced air-pouch models. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and total proteins were also measured. The antinociceptive activity MHF was determined using acid acetic-induced abdominal writhing and formalin models. In the cytotoxicity assay, MHF showed no significative impairment of cell viability and in the acute toxicity study, did not cause mortality or signs of toxicity. Repeated exposure to MHF did not cause relevant toxicological changes. The evaluation in the open field test showed that the MHF did not alter the locomotor activity and there was no change in motor coordination and balance of animals. MHF significantly reduced edema, MPO production, the migration of leukocytes and protein leakage. In addition, MHF reduced abdominal writhing and significantly inhibited the first and second stage of the formalin test. The results of this study indicated that MHF has an anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential without causing acute or subchronic toxic effects and it can be a promising natural source to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joquebede Rodrigues Pereira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Aldilane Gonçalves da Fonseca
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Luzia Leiros de Sena Fernandes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Allanny Alves Furtado
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratório Escola de Farmácia Industrial, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Valéria Costa da Silva
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Centro de Biociências, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Valdir Florêncio da Veiga Júnior
- Chemical Engineering Department, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-270, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Euzébio Goulart Sant'Ana
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Maceió, AL 57072-970, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Nunes Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Centro de Biociências, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratório Escola de Farmácia Industrial, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Elaine Cristina Gavioli
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Centro de Biociências, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil
| | - José Fernando Oliveira-Costa
- State Health Secretary, Pharmaceutical Assistance Directory, Salvador, Bahia 41233-015, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- State Health Secretary, Pharmaceutical Assistance Directory, Salvador, Bahia 41233-015, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Ádley Antonini Neves de Lima
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratório Escola de Farmácia Industrial, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Daniel de Melo Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia 40296-710, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
| | - Telma Maria Araújo Moura Lemos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59012-570, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Exact, State University of Southwest of Bahia, Jequié, BA 45208-091, Brazil.
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Ivanova VV, Milto IV, Serebrjakova ON, Sukhodolo IV. The Rat Heart in the Prenatal and Postnatal Periods of Ontogenesis. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421050039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cacao powder supplementation attenuates oxidative stress, cholinergic impairment, and apoptosis in D-galactose-induced aging rat brain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17914. [PMID: 34504131 PMCID: PMC8429651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging, a critical risk factor of several diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, affects an ever-growing number of people. Cacao supplementation has been suggested to improve age-related neuronal deficits. Therefore, this study investigated the protective effects of raw cacao powder on oxidative stress-induced aging. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: Control (C), D-galactose-induced aging (G), D-galactose injection with 10% (LC), and 16% (HC) cacao powder mixed diet. D-galactose (300 mg/3 mL/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into all but the control group for 12 weeks. Cacao supplemented diets were provided for 8 weeks. The levels of serum Malondialdehyde (MDA), Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs), brain and liver MDA, the indicators of the D-galactose induced oxidative stress were significantly decreased in LC and HC but increased in G. The Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of brain showed that the cholinergic impairment was significantly lower in LC, and HC than G. Furthermore, the expression levels of catalase (CAT), phospho-Akt/Akt, and procaspase-3 were significantly increased in LC and HC. In conclusion, cacao consumption attenuated the effects of oxidative stress, cholinergic impairment and apoptosis, indicating its potential in future clinical studies.
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Mefegue FA, Michel T, Kamto ELD, Kenmogne LV, Awounfack CF, Noundou XS, Ndinteh DT, Njamen D, Zingue S. Anti-breast cancer potential of Anonidium mannii (Oliv.) Engl. & Diels barks ethanolic extract: UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS detection of anticancer alkaloids. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114131. [PMID: 33894284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Breast cancer is a serious threat in low-income as well as developed countries. To face this, many herbal preparations are prescribed by traditional healers in Cameroon, among which is Anonidium mannii commonly called "wild soursop". AIM This study was undertaken to assess the anti-tumor effect of A. mannii ethanolic extract on cancer cell growth and against DMBA-induced mammary tumors in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The well characterized MTT bioassay was used to assess the cytotoxic potential of A. mannii ethanolic extract in liver (HepG2), prostate (DU145 & PC3) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines. Considering the fact that breast cells were the most sensitive to the extract, a 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast tumor rat model was used to assess the possible anticancer effect of A. mannii extract. Indeed, rats were treated with either tamoxifen (3.3 mg/kg BW) or A. mannii extract (16.5, 50 and 150 mg/kg BW) or vehicle (2% ethanol) for 20 weeks. Tumor incidence, tumor mass and volume, oxidative stress status in tumor as well as tumor histoarchitecture were evaluated. RESULTS A 24 h incubation of tested cells with the A. mannii extract significantly slowed cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner with an interesting effect in breast cells (IC50 ~61.5 μg/mL). As compared to the DMBA rats, those treated with A. mannii extract (50 and 150 mg/kg) showed reduced breast tumor incidence (28%), tumor burden (95.34% at 50 mg/kg and 99.14% at 150 mg/kg) and tumor volume (~92%). A. mannii extract counteracted the high proliferation of terminal mammary ducts induced by DMBA, mainly at 50 mg/kg. Furthermore, the extract decreased MDA and nitrite levels but increased SOD activity in the mammary gland. High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis detected potential anticancer and antioxidant alkaloids in A. manni extract, which are close to those found in Annona muricata. CONCLUSION These results provide evidence on the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects of A. mannii, and therefore support its use in traditional medicine system to fight against cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Alkaloids/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Annonaceae/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/toxicity
- Antioxidants/chemistry
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Antioxidants/toxicity
- Cameroon
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Ethanol/chemistry
- Female
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/blood
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Medicine, Traditional
- Minerals/analysis
- Organ Size/drug effects
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Plant Bark/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Plant Extracts/toxicity
- Rats, Wistar
- Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
- Tamoxifen/therapeutic use
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Azegha Mefegue
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Michel
- Institute of Chemistry of Nice, Université Côte D'Azur, UMR CNRS 7272, Valrose Park, F-06108, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Eutrophe Le Doux Kamto
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Larissa Vanelle Kenmogne
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Charline Florence Awounfack
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Xavier Siwe Noundou
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Derek Tantoh Ndinteh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Dieudonné Njamen
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Stéphane Zingue
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa; Department of Medical and Biomedical Engineering, Higher Technical Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 886, Ebolowa, Cameroon; Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 55, Maroua, Cameroon.
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Belemnaba L, Nitiéma M, Ilboudo S, Ouédraogo GG, Ouédraogo N, Belemlilga MB, Compaoré S, Ouédraogo S, Ouédraogo S. Preclinical Evaluation of the Antihypertensive Effect of an Aqueous Extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC) Guill et Perr. Bark of Trunk in L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rat. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:739-754. [PMID: 34393522 PMCID: PMC8357407 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s319787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigates the effect of an aqueous extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa (AEAL) on normotensive Wistar rats and its chronic antihypertensive effects in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats by using a non-invasive tail-cuff model. METHODS The effects of AEAL (50mg/kg) and NaCl 0.9% on blood pressure were investigated by daily oral administration in normotensive Wistar rats over four weeks. L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats were produced by L-NAME (40mg/kg) daily oral administration for two weeks. For chronic antihypertensive effects, induced hypertensive rats have received L-NAME in combination with AEAL (10 or 50mg/kg/day) for two following weeks. RESULTS In normotensive rats, daily administration of AEAL (50mg/kg) has no significant effect on their blood pressure, which was similar to that of the control group. L-NAME's daily oral administration induces a progressive increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) from 115.8 ± 7.9mmHg to 153.5 ± 4.6mmHg after two weeks, which was maintained to the end of the treatment. In L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats, AEAL (50mg/kg/day) significantly decreases the SPB from 160.0 ± 5.8 mmHg to 108.8 ± 2.7mmHg after only four days of administration. However, the lower dose of AEAL (10mg/kg) also normalized the SBP of L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats but only evident after seven days of administration. Moreover, AEAL does not effect on the serum biochemical parameters (ALAT, ASAT, CREAT, etc.) and any macroscopic adverse effect was detected on the sensible organs involved during hypertension. In the aorta rings from treated rats, AEAL (50mg/kg/day) alone or in combination with L-NAME has enhanced the vasodilation effect of acetylcholine. However, the vasodilation effect of AEAL alone or in association with L-NAME has enhanced the sodium nitroprusside effect in treated rat aorta rings after autopsy. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that AEAL affords significant antihypertensive effects against L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats without modification of serum parameters and deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazare Belemnaba
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Mathieu Nitiéma
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Sylvain Ilboudo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Gueswindé Geoffroy Ouédraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Noufou Ouédraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Mohamed Bonewendé Belemlilga
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Souleymane Compaoré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
- Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Salfo Ouédraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
- Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Sylvin Ouédraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (IRSS/CNRST), 03 BP 7047, Ouagadougou, 03, Burkina Faso
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73
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Wang T, Zhu XH, Li H, Zhang Y, Zhu W, Wiesner HM, Chen W. Noninvasive assessment of myocardial energy metabolism and dynamics using in vivo deuterium MRS imaging. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:2899-2909. [PMID: 34231258 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The assessment of cellular energy metabolism is crucial for understanding myocardial physiopathology. Here, we conducted a pilot study to develop an alternative imaging approach for the assessment of myocardial energy metabolism. METHODS We developed a deuterium MRSI method to noninvasively monitor the accumulation of deuterated downstream metabolites and deuterated water in rat hearts infused with deuterated glucose or acetate substrate on a 16.4 Tesla animal scanner. RESULTS We found that the deuterated water accumulation rate and isotopic turnover rate of deuterated glutamate/glutamine via the tricarboxylic acid cycle and exchange in rat hearts were much higher when infused with acetate compared to that with glucose, demonstrating the myocardium substrate preference for acetate over glucose. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the feasibility of deuterium MRSI for noninvasive imaging and assessment of myocardial energy metabolism in vivo. Although the strong signal and large dynamics of myocardial deuterated water may provide a sensitive imaging biomarker, quantifying the metabolic rates still poses a challenge due to the confounding effects of blood recirculation, perfusion, and multiple deuterated water production pathways. In contrast, the deuterated glutamate/glutamine signal and change should directly reflect the metabolic activity of the myocardial tricarboxylic acid cycle, which can be used to study the metabolic shift in substance preference between acetate and glucose in the diseased state. Deuterium MRSI is noninvasive and robust and may have the potential to assess myocardial energy metabolism in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhu
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Huan Li
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hannes M Wiesner
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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74
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Kung TFC, Wilkinson CM, Dirks CA, Jickling GC, Colbourne F. Glibenclamide does not improve outcome following severe collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252584. [PMID: 34081746 PMCID: PMC8174736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating insult with few effective treatments. Edema and raised intracranial pressure contribute to poor outcome after ICH. Glibenclamide blocks the sulfonylurea 1 transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (Sur1-Trpm4) channel implicated in edema formation. While glibenclamide has been found to improve outcome and reduce mortality in animal models of severe ischemic stroke, in ICH the effects are less clear. In our previous study, we found no benefit after a moderate-sized bleed, while others have reported benefit. Here we tested the hypothesis that glibenclamide may only be effective in severe ICH, where edema is an important contributor to outcome. Glibenclamide (10 μg/kg loading dose, 200 ng/h continuous infusion) was administered 2 hours post-ICH induced by collagenase injection into the striatum of adult rats. A survival period of 24 hours was maintained for experiments 1–3, and 72 hours for experiment 4. Glibenclamide did not affect hematoma volume (~81 μL) or other safety endpoints (e.g., glucose levels), suggesting the drug is safe. However, glibenclamide did not lessen striatal edema (~83% brain water content), ionic dyshomeostasis (Na+, K+), or functional impairment (e.g., neurological deficits (median = 10 out of 14), etc.) at 24 hours. It also did not affect edema at 72 h (~86% brain water content), or overall mortality rates (25% and 29.4% overall in vehicle vs. glibenclamide-treated severe strokes). Furthermore, glibenclamide appears to worsen cytotoxic edema in the peri-hematoma region (cell bodies were 46% larger at 24 h, p = 0.0017), but no effect on cell volume or density was noted elsewhere. Overall, these findings refute our hypothesis, as glibenclamide produced no favorable effects following severe ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany F. C. Kung
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Christine A. Dirks
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Glen C. Jickling
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frederick Colbourne
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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75
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Gomes PW, Pamplona TC, Navegantes-Lima KC, Quadros LB, Oliveira AL, Santos SM, e Silva CY, Silva MJ, Souza JN, Quirós-Guerrero LM, Boutin JA, Monteiro MC, da Silva MN. Chemical composition and antibacterial action of Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum bark extract, “barbatimão” species: Evaluation of its use as a topical agent. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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76
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Wu CH, Tsai YC, Tsai TH, Kuo KL, Su YF, Chang CH, Lin CL. Valproic Acid Reduces Vasospasm through Modulation of Akt Phosphorylation and Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115975. [PMID: 34205883 PMCID: PMC8198375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating emergent event associated with high mortality and morbidity. Survivors usually experience functional neurological sequelae caused by vasospasm-related delayed ischemia. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: sham (non-SAH) group, SAH group, and three groups with SAH treated with different doses of valproic acid (VPA) (10, 20, 40 mg/kg, once-daily, for 7 days). The severity of vasospasm was determined by the ratio of cross-sectional areas to intima-media thickness of the basilar arteries (BA) on the seventh day after SAH. The BA showed decreased expression of phospho-Akt proteins. The dentate gyrus showed increased expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax proteins and decreased expression of Bcl-2, phospho-ERK 1/2, phospho-Akt and acetyl-histone H3 proteins. The incidence of SAH-induced vasospasm was significantly lower in the SAH group treated with VPA 40 mg/kg (p < 0.001). Moreover, all groups treated with VPA showed reversal of the above-mentioned protein expression in BA and the dentate gyrus. Treatment with VPA upregulated histone H3 acetylation and conferred anti-vasospastic and neuro-protective effects by enhancing Akt and/or ERK phosphorylation. This study demonstrated that VPA could alleviate delayed cerebral vasospasm induced neuro-apoptosis after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (T.-H.T.); (K.-L.K.); (Y.-F.S.); (C.-H.C.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Tai-Hsin Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (T.-H.T.); (K.-L.K.); (Y.-F.S.); (C.-H.C.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Keng-Liang Kuo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (T.-H.T.); (K.-L.K.); (Y.-F.S.); (C.-H.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Feng Su
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (T.-H.T.); (K.-L.K.); (Y.-F.S.); (C.-H.C.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Chang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (T.-H.T.); (K.-L.K.); (Y.-F.S.); (C.-H.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Lung Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (C.-H.W.); (T.-H.T.); (K.-L.K.); (Y.-F.S.); (C.-H.C.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101
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Jarrar YB, Jarrar Q, Abaalkhail SJ, Moh'd Kalloush H, Naser W, Zihlif M, Al Shhab M, El Madani A, Jamous Y, Lee SJ. Molecular toxicological alterations in the mouse hearts induced by sub-chronic thiazolidinedione drugs administration. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 36:143-149. [PMID: 33969534 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones are well-known anti-diabetic drugs. However, they are not widely used due to their cardiotoxic effects. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the molecular toxicological alterations induced in the mouse hearts after thiazolidinedione administration. Balb/c mice received doses clinically equivalent to those given to humans of the most commonly used thiazolidinediones, pioglitazone, and rosiglitazone for 30 days. After that, RNA samples were isolated from the hearts. The mRNA expression of cytochrome (cyp) p450 genes that synthesize the cardiotoxic 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in addition to 92 cardiotoxicity biomarker genes were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction array technique. The analysis demonstrated that thiazolidinediones caused a significant upregulation (p < 0.5) of the mRNA expression of cyp1a1, cyp4a12, itpr1, ccl7, ccr1, and b2 m genes. In addition, thiazolidinediones caused a significant (p < 0.05) downregulation of the mRNA expression of adra2a, bsn, col15a1, fosl1, Il6, bpifa1, plau, and reg3b genes. The most affected gene was itpr1 gene, which was upregulated by pioglitazone and rosiglitazone by sevenfold and 3.5-fold, respectively. In addition, pioglitazone caused significant upregulation of (p < 0.05) hamp, ppbp, psma2, sik1, timp1, and ucp1 genes, which were not affected significantly (p > 0.05) by rosiglitazone administration. In conclusion, this study showed that thiazolidinediones induce toxicological molecular alterations in the mouse hearts, such as the induction of cyp450s that synthesize 20-HETE, chemokine activation, inflammatory responses, blood clotting, and oxidative stress. These findings may help us understand the mechanism of cardiotoxicity involved in thiazolidinedione administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qais Jarrar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Al-Isra'a University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sara J Abaalkhail
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Wisam Naser
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Al Shhab
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdulla El Madani
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Yahya Jamous
- Nanotechnology Centre, King AbdulAziz City of Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Su-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
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Hsiao YH, Wang YH, Lin WS, Cheng YC, Nagabhushanam K, Ho CT, Pan MH. Molecular Mechanisms of the Anti-obesity Properties of Agardhiella subulata in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4745-4754. [PMID: 33848157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The overweight and obese population has skyrocketed, resulting in a high incidence of metabolic disorders. Agardhiella subulata (AS) contains a variety of beneficial components, such as sulfur-containing polysaccharides (dietary fiber) and astaxanthin, which is considered to have anti-obesity potential. In this study, we investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of dietary AS on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. AS supplementation significantly reduced HFD-induced weight gain (19%) and the visceral adiposity index (4.1%). In addition, the level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein was significantly decreased; adiponectin was significantly increased in serum and fecal triglyceride excretion was significantly higher in mice fed AS compared with mice on an HFD. Preadipocyte factor 1 and Sry-box transcription factor 9 that were significantly higher than the levels found for the HFD group lead to reduced adipogenesis. Moreover, accompanying the lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation that occur in the AS group, the concentration of non-esterified fatty acids was lowered to 0.4 ± 0.1 mEq/L. In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and phosphorylation acetyl-CoA carboxylase increased 1.5- and 1-fold, thus increasing the expression of adiponectin and the activation of AMPK and ultimately resulting in lower blood glucose levels. The results of this study suggest that AS supplementation increases lipid excretion and improves energy metabolism to prevent obesity in mice fed a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Hsiao
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Wang
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Sheng Lin
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chen Cheng
- Taoyuan Municipal Taoyuan Senior High School, Taoyuan City 330, Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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Nethi SK, Barui AK, Jhelum P, Basuthakur P, Bollu VS, Reddy BR, Chakravarty S, Patra CR. Europium Hydroxide Nanorods Mitigate Hind Limb Ischemia in Wistar Rats. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susheel Kumar Nethi
- Department of Applied Biology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad UP 201002 India
| | - Ayan Kumar Barui
- Department of Applied Biology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad UP 201002 India
| | - Priya Jhelum
- Department of Applied Biology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Papia Basuthakur
- Department of Applied Biology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad UP 201002 India
| | - Vishnu Sravan Bollu
- Department of Applied Biology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad UP 201002 India
| | - Bommana Raghunath Reddy
- Department of Applied Biology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad UP 201002 India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Department of Applied Biology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad UP 201002 India
| | - Chitta Ranjan Patra
- Department of Applied Biology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Uppal Road, Tarnaka Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad UP 201002 India
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Zhang HX, Tian YH, Guan J, Xie QM, Zhao YQ. The anti-tussive, anti-inflammatory effects and sub-chronic toxicological evaluation of perilla seed oil. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1419-1427. [PMID: 32833246 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perilla seed oil (PSO) is the main constituent of perilla seeds currently being used in the food industry, however it also has great clinical potential in the regulation of lung function as a nutrition supplement because of the high content of α-linolenic acid (ALA). In this study, the pharmacological activities including anti-tussive, expectorant and anti-inflammatory effect of PSO were performed. Furthermore, the 90-day sub-chronic oral toxicity with a 30 day recovery period was evaluated in Wistar rats. RESULTS The pharmacological studies demonstrated that PSO inhibited cough frequency induced by capsaicine in mice. PSO also inhibited the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) release from the calcium ionophore A23187-induced polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) to some extent. In this sub-chronic toxicity study, mortality, clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, organ weight, necropsy, and histopathology were used to evaluate the toxicity of PSO. Lower body weight and various negative impacts on liver related parameters without histopathological lesion were observed in the 16 g kg-1 groups. No clinically significant changes were discovered in the 4 g kg-1 group during the test period. CONCLUSION In summary, PSO exhibited anti-tussive and anti-inflammatory activities in vivo and in vitro. These sub-chronic toxicity studies inferred that the 'no-observed adverse effect level' (NOAEL) of PSO in Wistar rats was determined to be 4 g kg-1 . These results may provide a safety profile and a valuable reference for the use of PSO. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xing Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Hong Tian
- Quality Assurance Department, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jian Guan
- Research and Development Department, Liaoning Xinzhong Modern Medicine Co., Ltd., Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Qiang-Min Xie
- Zhejing Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of State Food and Drugs Administration, Medical Science College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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81
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Hou B, Wang F, Liu T, Wang Z. Reproductive toxicity of polystyrene microplastics: In vivo experimental study on testicular toxicity in mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124028. [PMID: 33087287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPS) are widespread in our environment and have a potential impact on the reproductive development of humans and mammals. In this study, we evaluated the effect of 5 µm polystyrene microplastics(PS-MPS) on spermatogenesis in mice. The damage by PS-MPS to epididymal sperm was studied using blood cell counts. The results showed that the number of viable epididymis sperm after PS-MPS exposure was significantly reduced. Using Duff-Quik staining, we found that the PS-MPS exposure increased the rate of sperm deformity. The testis is an important organ responsible for normal spermatogenesis. HE and TUNEL staining showed atrophy, shedding, and apoptosis of sperm cells at all levels of the testis after exposure to PS-MPS. Western blot and qPCR analysis were used to detect Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB. The results showed that after PS-MPS exposure, the expression of the pro-inflammatory molecule NF-κB and that of the inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 increased significantly, whereas that of the anti-inflammatory molecule Nrf2/HO-1 decreased. These results indicate that the abnormal sperm quality in ICR mice caused by PS-MPS exposure is closely related to the Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolian Hou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Fangyi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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82
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Inhibition of androgen/AR signaling inhibits diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced tumour initiation and remodels liver immune cell networks. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3646. [PMID: 33574348 PMCID: PMC7878907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A promotional role for androgen receptor (AR) signaling in hepatocellular carcinogenesis is emerging. In pre-clinical models, including diethylnitrosamine- (DEN-) induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), anti-androgen therapies delay hepatocarcinogenesis. However, pharmacologic anti-androgen therapy in advanced HCC patients fails, suggesting that AR plays a role in HCC onset. This study aims to characterize AR expression and function throughout DEN-induced liver inflammation and carcinogenesis and evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic AR antagonism to prevent hepatocarcinogenesis. We demonstrate that pharmacologic AR antagonism with enzalutamide inhibits hepatocellular carcinogenesis. With enzalutamide treatment, we observe decreased CYP2E1 expression, reducing DEN-induced hepatocyte death and DNA ethyl-adducts. AR protein expression analyses show that DEN causes an initial upregulation of AR in portal fibroblasts and leukocytes, but not hepatocytes, suggesting that hepatocyte-autonomous AR signaling is not essential for DEN-induced carcinogenesis. Ablating androgen signaling by surgical castration reduced pre-carcinogen Kupffer cell populations but did not alter DEN-mediated immune cell recruitment nor AR expression. In this study, we identified that anti-androgen interventions modulate mutagenic DNA adducts, tumour initiation, and immune cell composition. Additionally, we find that AR expression in hepatocytes is not present during nor required for early DEN-mediated carcinogenesis.
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83
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Fu R, Tajima S, Shigematsu T, Zhang M, Tsuchimoto A, Egashira N, Ieiri I, Masuda S. Establishment of an experimental rat model of tacrolimus-induced kidney injury accompanied by interstitial fibrosis. Toxicol Lett 2021; 341:43-50. [PMID: 33516819 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is the major adverse reaction to tacrolimus; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Although several tacrolimus-induced nephrotoxicity animal models have been reported, most renal injury rat models contain factors other than tacrolimus. Here, we report the development of a new nephrotoxicity with interstitial fibrosis rat model induced by tacrolimus administration. Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated (Sham), vehicle-treated ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury (IRI), tacrolimus treated (TAC) and tacrolimus treated I/R injury (TAC + IRI). Rats subjected to IR injury and treated with tacrolimus for 2 weeks showed higher serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum magnesium (Mg) and serum potassium (K), indicating decreased renal function. In addition, tacrolimus treatment combined with IR injury increased histological injury (tubular vacuolation, glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis), as well as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) expression in the renal cortex. In summary, we have developed a tacrolimus-induced kidney injury rat model with interstitial fibrosis within 2 weeks by creating conditions mimicking renal transplantation via tacrolimus administration following ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Fu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiro Shigematsu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Japan
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuchimoto
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Egashira
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Japan
| | - Ichiro Ieiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Japan
| | - Satohiro Masuda
- Department of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan
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84
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Singh C, Tiwari KN, Kumar P, Kumar A, Dixit J, Saini R, Mishra SK. Toxicity profiling and antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate extract of leaves of Premna integrifolia L. for its application as protective agent against xenobiotics. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:196-205. [PMID: 33489779 PMCID: PMC7811065 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Premna integrifoliaL. (Lamiaceae) is widely used in herbal formulation “Dashmoolarishta” which is useful in postnatal care. Ethyl acetate extract obtained from the leaves was evaluated for phenolic content and its antioxidant activity. Acute and subacute toxicity of the extract was studied in mice of both sexes to get an idea about LD50 value and assessed its safety profile before its application as a protective agent against different toxicities induced by xenobiotics. Phenol enriched extract (phenol content is 63.10 ± 1.26 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent and flavonoid content 75.33 ± 0.23 mg/g of rutin equivalent) showed good antioxidant activity. In acute toxicity studies it was observed that single different doses (300−5000 mg/kg b.wt.) of extract did not show any mortality of mice. Thus the LD50 of the extract was determined, and it was higher than 5000 mg/kg. There was no major change in behavioral and general appearance of mice. External morphology of liver, kidneys, lungs, spleen and heart did not show any effect of treatment. In subacute toxicity no statistically significant change in body weight, relative organ weight, food intake and water uptake, hematological, biochemical parameters were reported after comparison with control. Extract did not show significant effect in the level of antioxidant enzymes in the liver of mice of treated groups. No histopathological changes were observed in liver and kidney tissues. Thus, extract did not show any sign of toxic effects, when administered orally to male and female mice at dose level up to 1000 mg/kg. So, it can be utilized as protective agent against toxicity produced by different xenobiotics.
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Key Words
- Acute toxicity
- Biochemical parameters
- DPPH, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
- EAEPI, ethyl acetate extract of leaves of P. integrifolia
- GAE, gallic acid equivalents
- Heamatological parameters
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- OECD, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
- PC, polyphenol content
- Premna integrifolia
- RE, rutin equivalents
- Subacute toxicity
- TBA, thiobarbituricacid
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid-reactive species
- TCA, trichloroaceticacid
- TFC, total flavonoid content
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar Singh
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Kavindra Nath Tiwari
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Jyoti Dixit
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Rajesh Saini
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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85
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Ehilé EH, Goze NB, Kouakou KL, Yapo AP, Ehilé EE. Effects of subacute oral administration of aqueous extract of Macaranga barteri Müll.Arg (Euphorbiaceae) leaf on anthropometric and haematological parameters in rats. Toxicol Res 2021; 37:135-146. [PMID: 33489864 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macaranga barteri is a plant used in traditional medicine to treat many illnesses. Previous studies showed the efficacy of the aqueous extract of leaf of this plant (AEMb) in the treatment of gastric ulcer within the dose range of 125-500 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). This study aims at evaluating the safety of AEMb on anthropometric and haematological parameters in wistar rats. Seventy rats were divided into seven groups of ten rats each, including five males and five females. The control group was repeatedly administered by gavage with distilled water at 1 ml/100 g for 28 days while test groups 2, 3, 4 and 5, were repeatedly gavaged with AEMb at the doses of 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w. respectively. As for satellites (groups 6 and 7), they received daily and respectively distilled water at 1 ml/100 g b.w. and AEMb at the dose of 1000 mg/kg b.w. The results showed that AEMb caused no significant changes in the behaviour of rats and the weight of the organs removed (kidneys, liver, spleen, and heart) and their relative weights at the end of the 28 days of treatment. However, the body weight and the amount of food consumed by animals treated with AEMb at the doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w. increased significantly (p < 0.05) from the third week compared to control group. Haematological analysis revealed a non-significant increase (p > 0.05) in leukocyte lineage and platelet level in female rats at the studied doses. However, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in platelet level was recorded in male rats at 1000 mg/kg b.w. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in erythrocyte and hemoglobin levels at the doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w. in treated animals was also revealed. In conclusion, repeated administration of AEMb over 28 days to rats was safe on leucocyte lineage and most of erythrocyte indices at doses ranging from 125 to 1000 mg/kg b.w. Nevertheless, the use of this extract caused a transient increase of erythrocyte, hemoglobin and platelet levels 2 weeks after the end of AEMb administration, but these effects disappeared. So, the subacute oral administration of AEMb revealed few potential toxic effects overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehilé Hervé Ehilé
- Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Pharmacopoeia, Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Nomane Bernard Goze
- Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Pharmacopoeia, Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Kouakou Léandre Kouakou
- Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Pharmacopoeia, Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Angoué Paul Yapo
- Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Pharmacopoeia, Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Ehouan Etienne Ehilé
- Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology and Pharmacopoeia, Nangui Abrogoua University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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86
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Yao L, Chen L, Chen B, Tang Y, Zhao Y, Liu S, Xu H. Toxic effects of TiO 2 NPs in the blood-milk barrier of the maternal dams and growth of offspring. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111762. [PMID: 33396082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are amongst the most frequently used nanomaterial in everyday consumer products, and their widespread applications have raised concerns of the consequent deleterious effects on human health, particularly to vulnerable populations, such as lactating females remains elusive. Therefore, this study was initiated to investigate the detrimental effects and toxic mechanisms induced by TiO2 NPs in maternal dams and offspring during the lactation period. Dams were randomly divided into three groups. The water (Control; Group I) and TiO2 NPs (100 mg/kg; Group II) were orally administered from postnatal day 1-20, respectively. The results indicated that TiO2 NPs could cause toxicity in the dams, such as pathological damages to mammary gland tissues. The excessive accumulation of TiO2 NPs could induce oxidative stress in the mammary gland, leading to the dysfunctional blood-milk barrier; besides, TiO2 NPs could also be transferred to offspring via breastfeeding, causing abnormal development of infant. We further accessed the possible underlying molecular mechanism; for this, we orally administered TiO2 NPs with vitamin E (100 mg/kg; Group III). The results revealed that toxicity induced by TiO2 NPs was rescued. Collectively, this study presented the deleterious pathological effects of oral exposure to TiO2 NPs in the mammary gland tissues and blood-milk barrier via the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in dams and developmental concerns in offspring. However, the administration of VE could mitigate the toxic effects induced by the TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Bolu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yizhou Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shanji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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87
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Mohammed O, Dyab N, Kheadr E, Dabour N. Effectiveness of inulin-type on the iron bioavailability in anemic female rats fed bio-yogurt. RSC Adv 2021; 11:1928-1938. [PMID: 35424181 PMCID: PMC8693641 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08873k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-documented that iron deficiency leads to anemia, which is the utmost critical problem of nutrition worldwide. Inulin, indigestible polysaccharides, or prebiotic agents may act as vehicles to enhance the iron bioavailability through the formation of the polysaccharide-iron complex. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic effects of yogurt fortified with iron and supplemented by long- or short-chain inulin on the growth status, blood parameters, antioxidant capacity, and liver function enzymes in anemic rats. Five animal groups were assigned as the control (G1), which were fed a standard diet and there were four anemic groups, in which haemolytic anemia was induced by phenylhydrazine. The anemic rats were divided into 4 groups according to the regime of feeding as G2: control anemic group fed low-iron diet while the remaining anemic groups were fed yogurt fortified with Fe2(SO4)3 without inulin (G3) or with either long- (G4) or short-chain (G5) inulin. The results showed that the animals subjected to treatment G4 had the highest (P ≤ 0.05) weight gain and organ coefficient compared with other anemic groups (G2, G3, and G5). Among the anemic groups, the animals that belonged to G4 showed a significant restorative effect by returning the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and the red blood cell count to the normal control liver. Also, the liver iron content, enzymatic activities, and antioxidant capacities improved in the animals subjected to G4 and G5 treatment groups. The histological structures of the liver tissues of the animals that belonged to G4 and G5 were extremely close to that of the normal control liver. Long-chain inulin-containing yogurt exhibited the best effects in terms of iron supplementation, bioavailability, and antioxidant activities. This formula might be a potential new iron supplement and a good functional food candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Mohammed
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha Dyab
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory (FFNL), Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria 21545 Alexandria Egypt +20-35922780 +20-35921960 +20-35921862 +20-35915427
| | - Ehab Kheadr
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory (FFNL), Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria 21545 Alexandria Egypt +20-35922780 +20-35921960 +20-35921862 +20-35915427
| | - Nassra Dabour
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory (FFNL), Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria 21545 Alexandria Egypt +20-35922780 +20-35921960 +20-35921862 +20-35915427
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88
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Kalpanadevi C, Muthukumar S, Govindaraju K, Subramanian R. Rice bran protein: An alternative plant-based protein to ameliorate protein malnourishment. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.103154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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89
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Naseem A, Akhtar S, Manzoor MF, Sameen A, Layla A, Afzal K, Karrar E, Rahaman A, Ismail T, Ahmad N, Siddeeg A. Effect of herbal formulation intake on health indices in albino Wistar rat model. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:441-448. [PMID: 33473305 PMCID: PMC7802562 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia management activity of ginger-, garlic-, and lemon-based herbal mixture was tested as paste and herbal extract in hypercholesterolemic adult male albino rats. Atherogenic diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats was treated by supplementing the diet with 2.5% herbal paste (4.2 g/kg b.w.) or 2.5 ml oral gavage (20 ml/kg b.w.) of liquid herbal extract daily for 42 days. Hematological and serological outcomes of herbal formulation feeding were compared with the cholesterol-fed positive control and normal control. The results suggest the significant (p < .05) inhibitory properties of herbal paste and liquid extracts against dyslipidemia showing 31%-37%, 62%-68%, and 40%-56% lower levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), respectively. Treating cholesterol-fed animals with herbal paste and extract significantly (p < .05) increased total protein (5-5.5 g/dl) and serum albumin (3.7-4.2 g/dl) concentration as compared to the normal control. Contrary to significant hypocholesterolemic activity, higher serum total bilirubin levels, that is, 0.70 mg/dl, were observed in rats subchronically exposed to herbal paste and liquid extracts. Nonsignificant (p > .05) impact of herbal formula feeding was observed on hematological indices except lymphocyte counts, that is, 93% in rats fed on herbal paste. The results validate conventional hypocholesterolemic claims associated with ginger-, garlic-, and lemon-based herbal formulations; however, deeper insight into their dose-dependent response in hypercholesterolemia is necessitated to rule out the toxicological impact on the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adila Naseem
- Institute of Food Science & NutritionBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Institute of Food Science & NutritionBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
- School of Food and Biological EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangChina
| | - Aysha Sameen
- National Institute of Food Science & TechnologyUniversity of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Anam Layla
- National Institute of Food Science & TechnologyUniversity of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Khurram Afzal
- Institute of Food Science & NutritionBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan
| | - Emad Karrar
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Abdul Rahaman
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Institute of Food Science & NutritionBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Institute of Food & Home SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Azhari Siddeeg
- Department of Food EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of GeziraWad MedaniSudan
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90
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Evaluation of the Acute Hepatoprotective Potential of Hydroethanolic Extract of Duranta erecta L. Parts. J Toxicol 2020; 2020:8815719. [PMID: 33505464 PMCID: PMC7811493 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8815719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a major health problem and its treatment is costly in most developing countries with attendant adverse effects. This study aimed at determining the acute hepatoprotective efficacy of Duranta erecta hydroethanolic extracts of leaves, ripe and unripe fruits against CCl4-, and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in animals. Materials and Methods. CCl4 (1 mL/kg body weight in olive oil) and acetaminophen (500 mg/kg b.wt) were used to induce hepatotoxicity in the animals. Animals were treated with extracts at 250 mg/kg b.wt and standard drug, silymarin (100 mg/kg), for 7 days. Hepatoprotective efficacy was assessed by assaying serum biochemical markers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT), bilirubin (Bil), antioxidative biomarkers including reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxidase (H202), and nitric oxide (NO), as well as histological observations. Results. Exposure of the animals to CCl4 and acetaminophen resulted in liver injury as evidenced by elevated ALT, AST, ALP, γGT, Bil, MDA, H2O2, and NO levels with resultant derangement in liver microarchitecture. Pretreatment with hydroethanolic extracts, particularly ripe fruits of Duranta erecta, led to a reduction in these indicators and an increase in GSH, GPx, GST, and SOD levels. Biochemical data were supported by improvement in liver structure. Conclusion. The findings suggest that hydroethanolic Duranta erecta ripe fruits extract possesses hepatoprotective and antioxidative activities against CCl4- and acetaminophen-induced toxicity and could be developed as a potent agent for drug-induced liver diseases.
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91
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Tiwari R, Siddiqui MH, Mahmood T, Farooqui A, Bagga P, Ahsan F, Shamim A. An exploratory analysis on the toxicity & safety profile of Polyherbal combination of curcumin, quercetin and rutin. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-020-00228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Curcumin, quercetin and rutin are flavonoids having strong antioxidant potential, individually used in treatment of numerous ailments. The safety assessment of each of them is already established but no toxicological assessment has been done that would guarantee the safe use of these three flavonoids when used as a polyherbal combination (PHC). The aim of this study to evaluate the possible toxicological effect of polyherbal combination of these three flavonoids in female Swiss albino mice.
Methods
In acute toxicity study, the oral dose of poly herbal combination was administered to four groups stepwise in single dose and general behaviour, adverse effects and mortality were determined up to 14 days and compared to normal group. In sub-acute study, the tested poly herbal combination was administered orally for 28 days to the four experimental groups and their body weight was measured each alternate day from the first day of dosing. On 29th day the final body weight was recorded and euthanized by using thiopentone sodium, blood was collected and later haematological, lipid profile, biochemical parameter was evaluated and compared to normal group.
Result
In acute toxicity study, no abnormal general behaviour, adverse effects were reported. No significant changes were reported in body weight, haematological, lipid profile, biochemical parameter in sub-acute toxicity study. No mortality was reported in both the study. Histopathological examination revealed no alterations in clinical signs or organ weight at any dose.
Conclusion
The result concludes that the oral administration of Polyherbal combination did not produce any significant toxic effect in swiss albino mice. Hence, the Polyherbal combination can be utilized safely for therapeutic use.
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92
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Mortensen NP, Moreno Caffaro M, Patel PR, Snyder RW, Watson SL, Aravamudhan S, Montgomery SA, Lefever T, Sumner SJ, Fennell TR. Biodistribution, cardiac and neurobehavioral assessments, and neurotransmitter quantification in juvenile rats following oral administration of aluminum oxide nanoparticles. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:1316-1329. [PMID: 33269475 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the uptake, biodistribution, and biological responses of nanoparticles (NPs) and their toxicity in developing animals. Here, male and female juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats received four consecutive daily doses of 10 mg/kg Al2 O3 NP (diameter: 24 nm [transmission electron microscope], hydrodynamic diameter: 148 nm) or vehicle control (water) by gavage between postnatal days (PNDs) 17-20. Basic neurobehavioral and cardiac assessments were performed on PND 20. Animals were sacrificed on PND 21, and selected tissues were collected, weighed, and processed for histopathology or neurotransmitter analysis. The biodistribution of Al2 O3 NP in tissue sections of the intestine, liver, spleen, kidney, and lymph nodes were evaluated using enhanced dark-field microscopy (EDM) and hyperspectral imaging (HSI). Liver-to-body weight ratio was significantly increased for male pups administered Al2 O3 NP compared with control. HSI suggested that Al2 O3 NP was more abundant in the duodenum and ileum tissue of the female pups compared with the male pups, whereas the abundance of NP was similar for males and females in the other tissues. The abundance of NP was higher in the liver compared with spleen, lymph nodes, and kidney. Homovanillic acid and norepinephrine concentrations in brain were significantly decreased following Al2 O3 NP administration in female and male pups, whereas 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was significantly increased in male pups. EDM/HSI indicates intestinal uptake of Al2 O3 NP following oral administration. Al2 O3 NP altered neurotransmitter/metabolite concentrations in juvenile rats' brain tissues. Together, these data suggest that orally administered Al2 O3 NP interferes with the brain biochemistry in both female and male pups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninell P Mortensen
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Maria Moreno Caffaro
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Purvi R Patel
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rodney W Snyder
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott L Watson
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shyam Aravamudhan
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephanie A Montgomery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy Lefever
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan J Sumner
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy R Fennell
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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93
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van Asbeck AH, Dieker J, Boswinkel M, van der Vlag J, Brock R. Kidney-targeted therapies: A quantitative perspective. J Control Release 2020; 328:762-775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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94
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Witchey SK, Al Samara L, Horman BM, Stapleton HM, Patisaul HB. Perinatal exposure to FireMaster® 550 (FM550), brominated or organophosphate flame retardants produces sex and compound specific effects on adult Wistar rat socioemotional behavior. Horm Behav 2020; 126:104853. [PMID: 32949556 PMCID: PMC7726037 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Firemaster 550 (FM550) is a flame retardant (FR) mixture that has become one of the most commonly used FRs in household items such as foam-based furniture and baby products. Because this mixture readily leaches from products, contamination of the environment and human tissues is widespread. Prior work by us and others has reported sex-specific behavioral deficits in rodents and zebrafish following early life exposure. In an effort to understand the mechanisms by which these behavioral effects occur, here we explored the effects of its constituents on behavioral outcomes previously shown to be altered by developmental FM550 exposure. The FM550 commercial mixture is composed of two brominated compounds (BFR) and two organophosphate compounds (OPFRs) at almost equivalent proportions. Both the BFR and the OPFR components are differentially metabolized and structurally distinct, but similar to known neurotoxicants. Here we examined adult Wistar rat offspring socioemotional behaviors following perinatal exposure (oral, to the dam) to vehicle, 2000 μg/day FM550, 1000 μg/day BFR or 1000 μg/day OPFR from gestation day 0 to weaning. Beginning on postnatal day 65 offspring from all groups were subjected to a series of behavioral tasks including open field, elevated plus maze, marble burying, social interaction tests, and running wheel. Effects were exposure-, sex- and task-specific, with BFR exposure resulting in the most consistent behavioral deficits. Overall, exposed females showed more deficits compared to males across all dose groups and tasks. These findings help elucidate how different classes of flame retardants, independently and as a mixture, contribute to sex-specific behavioral effects of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannah K Witchey
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America; Center for Human Health and the Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
| | - Loujain Al Samara
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
| | - Brian M Horman
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Levine Science Research Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America; Center for Human Health and the Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America.
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95
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Ulndreaj A, Tzekou A, Siddiqui AM, Fehlings MG. Effects of experimental cervical spinal cord injury on peripheral adaptive immunity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241285. [PMID: 33125407 PMCID: PMC7598511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immunity is critical for controlling infections, which are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). In rats and mice, compromised peripheral adaptive immune responses, as shown by splenic atrophy and lowered frequencies of peripheral lymphocytes, were shown to result from high-level thoracic SCI. However, whether cervical SCI, which is the most common level of SCI in humans, impairs adaptive immunity remains largely unknown. In the present study, we induced cervical SCI in rats at the C7/T1 level by clip compression and looked at changes in peripheral adaptive immunity at 2-, 10- and 20-weeks post-injury. Specifically, we quantified changes in the frequencies of T- and B- lymphocytes in the blood and the mandibular and deep cervical lymph nodes, which drain the cervical spinal cord. We also assessed changes in serum IgG and IgM immunoglobulin levels, as well as spleen size. We found a significant decline in circulating T- and B- cell frequencies at 10 weeks post-SCI, which returned to normal at 20 weeks after injury. We found no effect of cervical SCI on T- and B- cell frequencies in the draining lymph nodes. Moreover, cervical SCI had no effect on net spleen size, although injured rats had a higher spleen/body weight ratio than sham controls at all time points of the study. Lastly, IgG and IgM immunoglobulin declined at 2 weeks, followed by a significant increase in IgM levels at 10 weeks of injury. These data indicate that cervical SCI causes a significant imbalance in circulating lymphocytes and immunoglobulin levels at 2 and 10 weeks. As we discuss in this article, these findings are largely in line with clinical observations, and we anticipate that this study will fuel more research on the effect of adaptive immunity on SCI recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigona Ulndreaj
- Division of Genetics & Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Apostolia Tzekou
- Division of Genetics & Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahad M. Siddiqui
- Division of Genetics & Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Division of Genetics & Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto Spine Program, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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96
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Bromberg CE, Condon AM, Ridgway SW, Krishna G, Garcia-Filion PC, Adelson PD, Rowe RK, Thomas TC. Sex-Dependent Pathology in the HPA Axis at a Sub-acute Period After Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurol 2020; 11:946. [PMID: 33101162 PMCID: PMC7554641 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 2.8 million traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are reported in the United States annually, of which, over 75% are mild TBIs with diffuse axonal injury (DAI) as the primary pathology. TBI instigates a stress response that stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis concurrently with DAI in brain regions responsible for feedback regulation. While the incidence of affective symptoms is high in both men and women, presentation is more prevalent and severe in women. Few studies have longitudinally evaluated the etiology underlying late-onset affective symptoms after mild TBI and even fewer have included females in the experimental design. In the experimental TBI model employed in this study, evidence of chronic HPA dysregulation has been reported at 2 months post-injury in male rats, with peak neuropathology in other regions of the brain at 7 days post-injury (DPI). We predicted that mechanisms leading to dysregulation of the HPA axis in male and female rats would be most evident at 7 DPI, the sub-acute time point. Young adult age-matched male and naturally cycling female Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to midline fluid percussion injury (mFPI) or sham surgery. Corticotropin releasing hormone, gliosis, and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels were evaluated in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, along with baseline plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and adrenal gland weights. Microglial response in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus indicated mild neuroinflammation in males compared to sex-matched shams, but not females. Evidence of microglia activation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was robust in both sexes compared with uninjured shams and there was evidence of a significant interaction between sex and injury regarding microglial cell count. GFAP intensity and astrocyte numbers increased as a function of injury, indicative of astrocytosis. GR protein levels were elevated 30% in the hippocampus of females in comparison to sex-matched shams. These data indicate sex-differences in sub-acute pathophysiology following DAI that precede late-onset HPA axis dysregulation. Further understanding of the etiology leading up to late-onset HPA axis dysregulation following DAI could identify targets to stabilize feedback, attenuate symptoms, and improve efficacy of rehabilitation and overall recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Bromberg
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Andrew M Condon
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha W Ridgway
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Gokul Krishna
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Pamela C Garcia-Filion
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - P David Adelson
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Rachel K Rowe
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Theresa Currier Thomas
- Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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97
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Evaluation of In-Package Atmospheric Dielectric Barrier Discharge Cold Plasma Treatment as an Intervention Technology for Decontaminating Bulk Ready-To-Eat Chicken Breast Cubes in Plastic Containers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10186301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This article evaluates the effects of in-package atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma (ADCP) treatment on microbial inactivation, nitrate and nitrite contents, oral toxicity, and storage quality of protein-coated boiled chicken breast cubes (CBCs). ADCP treatment at 24 kV for 3 min inactivated natural mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Salmonella, and Tulane virus in CBCs by 0.7 ± 0.2, 1.4 ± 0.1 log CFU/cube, and 1.1 ± 0.2 log PFU/cube, respectively. ADCP treatment did not affect the nitrite content of CBCs (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the hematological and blood biochemical parameters from toxicity tests indicated the toxicological safety of ADCP-treated CBCs. Microbial counts of natural bacteria and Salmonella in ADCP-treated CBCs were lower than the ADCP-untreated CBCs by 0.7–0.9 and 1.4–1.7 log CFU/cube, respectively, throughout post-treatment storage at 4 °C for 21 d. ADCP treatment did not alter the pH, color, total volatile basic nitrogen, lipid oxidation, and tenderness of CBCs during storage at 4 and 24 °C, and did not change the sensory properties of CBCs following a 3 d storage period at 4 °C (p > 0.05). Thus, ADCP treatment has the potential to be applied as a method to increase the microbiological safety of packaged ready-to-eat chicken products, leading to overall toxicological safety.
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98
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da Silva GC, de Oliveira AM, Machado JCB, Ferreira MRA, de Medeiros PL, Soares LAL, de Souza IA, Paiva PMG, Napoleão TH. Toxicity assessment of saline extract and lectin-rich fraction from Microgramma vacciniifolia rhizome. Toxicon 2020; 187:65-74. [PMID: 32890585 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Microgramma vacciniifolia is broadly used in folk medicine but safety information is unavailable. Therefore, we evaluated the toxicity of a saline extract and a lectin-rich fraction of M. vacciniifolia rhizome. The extract showed hemolytic activity on mice erythrocytes at 1000 μg/mL, whereas the fraction promoted hemolysis (8.57-26.15%) at all tested concentrations (10-1000 μg/mL). Acute toxicity test in mice indicated an LD50 of >5000 mg/kg. Hematological alterations and increased serum alkaline phosphatase level were observed in the treated animals. Transaminases and urea levels increased in the groups treated with the extract or fraction at 5000 mg/kg. Leukocyte infiltration was observed in the liver of extract-treated animals and in the liver and lungs of mice treated with the fraction. The kidneys of animals treated with the fraction at 5000 mg/kg presented hydropic degeneration. The extract and fraction did not induce oxidative stress in the liver and did not show genotoxicity, as examined by micronucleus and comet assays. In conclusion, the preparations were not lethal to mice but caused some signs of toxicity, mainly the fraction. The results indicated the need to evaluate the toxicity of M. vacciniifolia rhizome in other models and in chronic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cavalcante da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Alisson Macário de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Departamento de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Janaina Carla Barbosa Machado
- Departamento de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Paloma Lys de Medeiros
- Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Lira Soares
- Departamento de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ivone Antônia de Souza
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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99
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Nuber M, Lindner A, Baumgart J, Baumgart N, Heimann A, Schröder A, Muensterer OJ, Oetzmann von Sochaczewski C. Sex represents a relevant interaction in Sprague–Dawley rats: the example of oesophageal length*. ALL LIFE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2020.1806118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Nuber
- Translational Animal Research Centre, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Lindner
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mainz der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Baumgart
- Translational Animal Research Centre, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Baumgart
- Translational Animal Research Centre, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Axel Heimann
- Institute of Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, Universitätsmedizin Mainz der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
| | - Arne Schröder
- Department of Paediatrics, Elisabeth-Krankenhaus Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver J. Muensterer
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mainz der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany
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100
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Tolouei S, da Silva GN, Curi TZ, Passoni MT, Ribeiro D, Meldola HG, Grechi N, Hey GS, Souza R, Dos Santos AC, Beltrame OC, Dalsenter PR, Martino-Andrade AJ, Gasparotto Junior A. Effects of Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. leaf extract on general toxicity and pubertal development of rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:124-135. [PMID: 32762447 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120945756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. (Talinaceae), popularly known as "major gomes," is a Brazilian Cerrado plant used in traditional medicine and as a food source. Recent studies have demonstrated its diuretic effects. However, no studies have been performed on its effects on the reproductive system. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of the ethanol-soluble fraction of T. paniculatum leaves (ESTP) on general toxicity and on the pubertal development of male and female Wistar rats. For this purpose, the uterotrophic and the pubertal assays were performed. In the uterotrophic test, female immature rats were treated for three consecutive days with 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg of ESTP. Uterus without luminal fluid was weighed and the relative weight calculated. For the pubertal assay, male and female immature rats were submitted to 30-day treatment with 30 or 300 mg/kg of ESTP. Clinical signs of toxicity, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were evaluated. ESTP treatment did not promote estrogenic effects in female rats. In the pubertal test, no daily signs of toxicity or weight loss were observed. Moreover, ESTP did not affect the onset of vaginal opening and preputial separation and did not cause significant changes in biochemical parameters as well as in organ weight and histopathological analyses of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sel Tolouei
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, 186079Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - G N da Silva
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, 186079Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - T Z Curi
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, 186079Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - M T Passoni
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, 186079Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Dck Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, 186079Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - H G Meldola
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, 186079Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - N Grechi
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, 186079Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - G S Hey
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, 186079Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ric Souza
- Histology Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, 186079Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - A C Dos Santos
- Histology Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, 186079Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - O C Beltrame
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Erasto Gaertner Hospital-LAC, 28122Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - P R Dalsenter
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, 186079Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - A J Martino-Andrade
- Laboratory of Reproductive Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, 186079Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Animal Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, 28122Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - A Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, 186079Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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