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Le Gars M, Seiler C, Kay AW, Bayless NL, Starosvetsky E, Moore L, Shen-Orr SS, Aziz N, Khatri P, Dekker CL, Swan GE, Davis MM, Holmes S, Blish CA. Pregnancy-Induced Alterations in NK Cell Phenotype and Function. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2469. [PMID: 31708922 PMCID: PMC6820503 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women are particularly susceptible to complications of influenza A virus infection, which may result from pregnancy-induced changes in the function of immune cells, including natural killer (NK) cells. To better understand NK cell function during pregnancy, we assessed the ability of the two main subsets of NK cells, CD56dim, and CD56bright NK cells, to respond to influenza-virus infected cells and tumor cells. During pregnancy, CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells displayed enhanced functional responses to both infected and tumor cells, with increased expression of degranulation markers and elevated frequency of NK cells producing IFN-γ. To better understand the mechanisms driving this enhanced function, we profiled CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells from pregnant and non-pregnant women using mass cytometry. NK cells from pregnant women displayed significantly increased expression of several functional and activation markers such as CD38 on both subsets and NKp46 on CD56dim NK cells. NK cells also displayed diminished expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 during pregnancy. Overall, these data demonstrate that functional and phenotypic shifts occur in NK cells during pregnancy that can influence the magnitude of the immune response to both infections and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Le Gars
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Christof Seiler
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Alexander W Kay
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas L Bayless
- Department of Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Elina Starosvetsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lindsay Moore
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shai S Shen-Orr
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Natali Aziz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Cornelia L Dekker
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Gary E Swan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Mark M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Susan Holmes
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Catherine A Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
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52
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Abstract
The presence of unusual natural killer cells in human endometrium has been recognized for 30 years, but despite considerable research effort, the
in vivo role of uterine natural killer (uNK) cells in both normal and pathological pregnancy remains uncertain. uNK cells may differentiate from precursors present in endometrium, but migration from peripheral blood in response to chemokine stimuli with
in situ modification to a uNK cell phenotype is also possible. uNK cells produce a wide range of secretory products with diverse effects on trophoblast and spiral arteries which may play an important role in implantation and early placentation. Interactions with other decidual cell populations are also becoming clear. Recent evidence has demonstrated subpopulations of uNK cells and the presence of other innate lymphoid cell populations in decidua which may refine future approaches to investigation of the role of uNK cells in human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith N Bulmer
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, William Leech Building, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Gendie E Lash
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623, China
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53
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are bone marrow-derived large granular lymphocytes defined by CD3negCD56pos and represent 5% to 25% of peripheral blood mononuclear cell fraction of the healthy humans. NK cells have a highly specific and sophisticated target cell recognition receptor system arbitrated by the integration of signals triggered by a multitude of inhibitory and activating receptors. Human NK cells express distinct families of receptors, including (1) killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, (2) killer cell lectin-like receptors, (3) leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors, and (4) natural cytotoxicity receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Rajalingam
- Department of Surgery, Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, University of California San Francisco, 3333 California Street, Suite 150, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
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54
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Biassoni R, Malnati MS. Human Natural Killer Receptors, Co-Receptors, and Their Ligands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 121:e47. [PMID: 30040219 DOI: 10.1002/cpim.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the last 20 years, the study of human natural killer (NK) cells has moved from the first molecular characterizations of very few receptor molecules to the identification of a plethora of receptors displaying surprisingly divergent functions. We have contributed to the description of inhibitory receptors and their signaling pathways, important in fine regulation in many cell types, but unknown until their discovery in the NK cells. Inhibitory function is central to regulating NK-mediated cytolysis, with different molecular structures evolving during speciation to assure its persistence. More recently, it has become possible to characterize the NK triggering receptors mediating natural cytotoxicity, unveiling the existence of a network of cellular interactions between effectors of both natural and adaptive immunity. This unit reviews the contemporary history of molecular studies of receptors and ligands involved in NK cell function, characterizing the ligands of the triggering receptor and the mechanisms for finely regulating their expression in pathogen-infected or tumor cells. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Biassoni
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Genova, Italy
| | - Mauro S Malnati
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Unit of Human Virology, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy
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55
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Díaz-Peña R, de Los Santos MJ, Lucia A, Castro-Santos P. Understanding the role of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors in pregnancy complications. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:827-835. [PMID: 30847698 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a unique immunological situation in which a fetus-bearing paternal histocompatibility antigens can survive in a maternal environment without apparent rejection. To face this challenge, cells of the uterine immune system show characteristic changes in absolute number and composition during pregnancy. Particularly relevant to this process are uterine natural killer (uNK) cells and their cell surface receptors, killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). The main purpose of this review is to outline the current body of knowledge on the involvement of KIRs in the complications of pregnancy. Implantation depends on the invasion of embryonic trophoblast cells into maternal uterine tissue and remodeling of the uterine spiral arterioles, which is essential for placental perfusion and successful pregnancy. The proper interaction between maternal KIRs and their ligands human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, expressed by the extravillous trophoblast cells, is crucial in this process. KIRs are a complex family that includes both activator and inhibitory receptors. The activation profile is genetically determined in each individual and leads to diverse levels of functionality for NK and T cells on engagement with specific HLA class I molecules. An association between different KIR alleles and HLA molecules has been reported in pregnancy complications, supporting the idea of a relevant role of these receptors in successful pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Díaz-Peña
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - M J de Los Santos
- IVI-RMA, Fundación IVI; INCLIVA, IIS La Fe, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Castro-Santos
- Inmunología, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
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56
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Gerlinskaya LA, Varlachev AV, Krotov GI, Kontsevaya GV, Moshkin MP. Mother-fetus immunogenetic dialogue as a factor of progeny immune system development. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2019. [DOI: 10.18699/vj18.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the advances in medicine, about 4 million children under the age of 6 months die annually around the world due to infection, which is 450 deaths per hour (UNISEF, 2009). The degree of development of the immune system of children born in time is determined by many factors, including the immunogenetic similarity or difference of mother and fetus organisms, which, in turn, is due to the genotypes of mating pairs, as well as the selection of surrogate mothers duringin vitrofertilization. From our review of the literature, it follows that immunogenetic interactions of mother and fetus organisms, which occur at all stages of pre- and postnatal development, have a signifcant effect on the resistance of offspring to infections and allergens. Before implantation, the mother’s immune responses are formed under the influence of semen fluid antigens, leukocytes and cytokines, as well as under the influence of the genes of the major histocompatibility complex, which are expressed in embryos at the stage of two cells. After implantation, transplacental transfer of immunoglobulins and immunocompetent cells becomes of immunomodulating importance. It is important to emphasize that, although substances with a high molecular weight usually do not pass through the placenta, this rule does not apply to immunoglobulin G (IgG), which, with a molecular weight of about 160 kDa, overcomes the transplacental barrier due to binding to the fetal Fc receptor. The level of IgG in newborns usually correlates with the level of maternal antibodies. During the period of natural feeding, the immune protection of newborns is provided by the mechanisms of innate immunity and the factors of humoral immunity of mothers. It has been shown that immunoglobulins from the milk of many animal species are transferred through the neonatal intestinal epithelium to the blood. Since breast milk contains large amounts of various immunoactive components, including proteins, cytokines, hormones, immunoglobulins, exosomes containing micro-RNA, and viable immune cells, the immunomodulating effects of breast milk persist even after elimination of maternal immunoglobulins from the blood of the offspring, up to maturation. Analysis of a large body of experimental data shows that the study of mechanisms of “motherfetus” and “mother-newborn” interactions are the basis of a knowledge base needed to fnd means of life-long directed modulation of the descendants’ immune status.
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57
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Pollheimer J, Vondra S, Baltayeva J, Beristain AG, Knöfler M. Regulation of Placental Extravillous Trophoblasts by the Maternal Uterine Environment. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2597. [PMID: 30483261 PMCID: PMC6243063 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During placentation invasive extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) migrate into the maternal uterus and modify its vessels. In particular, remodeling of the spiral arteries by EVTs is critical for adapting blood flow and nutrient transport to the developing fetus. Failures in this process have been noticed in different pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, stillbirth, or recurrent abortion. Upon invasion into the decidua, the endometrium of pregnancy, EVTs encounter different maternal cell types such as decidual macrophages, uterine NK (uNK) cells and stromal cells expressing a plethora of growth factors and cytokines. Here, we will summarize development of the EVT lineage, a process occurring independently of the uterine environment, and formation of its different subtypes. Further, we will discuss interactions of EVTs with arteries, veins and lymphatics and illustrate how the decidua and its different immune cells regulate EVT differentiation, invasion and survival. The present literature suggests that the decidual environment and its soluble factors critically modulate EVT function and reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Pollheimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigrid Vondra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jennet Baltayeva
- British Columbia's Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexander Guillermo Beristain
- British Columbia's Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Knöfler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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58
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Celik AA, Simper GS, Huyton T, Blasczyk R, Bade-Döding C. HLA-G mediated immune regulation is impaired by a single amino acid exchange in the alpha 2 domain. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:453-462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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59
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Hayder H, O'Brien J, Nadeem U, Peng C. MicroRNAs: crucial regulators of placental development. Reproduction 2018; 155:R259-R271. [PMID: 29615475 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding single-stranded RNAs that are integral to a wide range of cellular processes mainly through the regulation of translation and mRNA stability of their target genes. The placenta is a transient organ that exists throughout gestation in mammals, facilitating nutrient and gas exchange and waste removal between the mother and the fetus. miRNAs are expressed in the placenta, and many studies have shown that miRNAs play an important role in regulating trophoblast differentiation, migration, invasion, proliferation, apoptosis, vasculogenesis/angiogenesis and cellular metabolism. In this review, we provide a brief overview of canonical and non-canonical pathways of miRNA biogenesis and mechanisms of miRNA actions. We highlight the current knowledge of the role of miRNAs in placental development. Finally, we point out several limitations of the current research and suggest future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyam Hayder
- Department of BiologyYork University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacob O'Brien
- Department of BiologyYork University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Uzma Nadeem
- Department of BiologyYork University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chun Peng
- Department of BiologyYork University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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60
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Parham P, Guethlein LA. Genetics of Natural Killer Cells in Human Health, Disease, and Survival. Annu Rev Immunol 2018; 36:519-548. [PMID: 29394121 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042617-053149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have vital functions in human immunity and reproduction. In the innate and adaptive immune responses to infection, particularly by viruses, NK cells respond by secreting inflammatory cytokines and killing infected cells. In reproduction, NK cells are critical for genesis of the placenta, the organ that controls the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus. Controlling NK cell functions are interactions of HLA class I with inhibitory NK cell receptors. First evolved was the conserved interaction of HLA-E with CD94:NKG2A; later established were diverse interactions of HLA-A, -B, and -C with killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors. Characterizing the latter interactions is rapid evolution, which distinguishes human populations and all species of higher primate. Driving this evolution are the different and competing selections imposed by pathogens on NK cell-mediated immunity and by the constraints of human reproduction on NK cell-mediated placentation. Promoting rapid evolution is independent segregation of polymorphic receptors and ligands throughout human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Parham
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; ,
| | - Lisbeth A Guethlein
- Department of Structural Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; ,
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61
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Hölzemer A, Garcia-Beltran WF, Altfeld M. Natural Killer Cell Interactions with Classical and Non-Classical Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I in HIV-1 Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1496. [PMID: 29184550 PMCID: PMC5694438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are effector lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are able to mount a multifaceted antiviral response within hours following infection. This is achieved through an array of cell surface receptors surveilling host cells for alterations in human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) expression and other ligands as signs of viral infection, malignant transformation, and cellular stress. This interaction between HLA-I ligands and NK-cell receptor is not only important for recognition of diseased cells but also mediates tuning of NK-cell-effector functions. HIV-1 alters the expression of HLA-I ligands on infected cells, rendering them susceptible to NK cell-mediated killing. However, over the past years, various HIV-1 evasion strategies have been discovered to target NK-cell-receptor ligands and allow the virus to escape from NK cell-mediated immunity. While studies have been mainly focusing on the role of polymorphic HLA-A, -B, and -C molecules, less is known about how HIV-1 affects the more conserved, non-classical HLA-I molecules HLA-E, -G, and -F. In this review, we will focus on the recent progress in understanding the role of non-classical HLA-I ligands in NK cell-mediated recognition of HIV-1-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Hölzemer
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Altfeld
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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62
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The role of decidual immune cells on human pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2017; 124:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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63
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Albayati Z, Alyami A, Alomar S, Middleton D, Bonnett L, Aleem S, Flanagan BF, Christmas SE. The Influence of Cytomegalovirus on Expression of HLA-G and its Ligand KIR2DL4 by Human Peripheral Blood Leucocyte Subsets. Scand J Immunol 2017; 86:396-407. [PMID: 28817184 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
HLA-G is a non-classical class I HLA antigen, normally expressed in high levels only on extravillous cytotrophoblast. It has immunosuppressive properties in pregnancy and has also been found to be upregulated on leucocytes in viral infection. In this study, proportions of all leucocyte subsets expressing HLA-G were found to be low in healthy subjects positive or negative for cytomegalovirus (CMV). Significantly greater proportions of CD4+ CD69+ and CD56+ T cells expressed HLA-G compared to other T cells. However, following stimulation with CMV antigens or intact CMV, proportions of CD4+, CD8+, CD69+ and CD56+ T cells, and also B cells expressing HLA-G, were significantly increased in CMV+ subjects. Despite some subjects having alleles of HLA-G associated with high levels of expression, no relationship was found between HLA-G genotype and expression levels. Purified B cells from CMV+ subjects stimulated in mixed culture with CMV antigens showed significantly increased HLA-G mRNA expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum levels of soluble HLA-G were similar in CMV- and CMV+ subjects but levels in culture supernatants were significantly higher in cells from CMV+ than from CMV- subjects stimulated with CMV antigens. The HLA-G ligand KIR2DL4 was mainly expressed on NK cells and CD56+ T cells with no differences between CMV+ and CMV- subjects. Following stimulation with IL-2, an increase in the proportion of CD56+ T cells positive for KIR2DL4 was found, together with a significant decrease in CD56dimCD16+ NK cells. The results show that CMV influences HLA-G expression in healthy subjects and may contribute to viral immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Albayati
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Alyami
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - S Alomar
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - D Middleton
- Transplant Immunology, Royal Liverpool & Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - L Bonnett
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - S Aleem
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - B F Flanagan
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - S E Christmas
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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64
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Nederlof I, Meuleman T, van der Hoorn M, Claas F, Eikmans M. The seed to success: The role of seminal plasma in pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2017; 123:24-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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65
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Molfetta R, Quatrini L, Santoni A, Paolini R. Regulation of NKG2D-Dependent NK Cell Functions: The Yin and the Yang of Receptor Endocytosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081677. [PMID: 28767057 PMCID: PMC5578067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural-killer receptor group 2, member D (NKG2D) is a well characterized natural killer (NK) cell activating receptor that recognizes several ligands poorly expressed on healthy cells but up-regulated upon stressing stimuli in the context of cancer or viral infection. Although NKG2D ligands represent danger signals that render target cells more susceptible to NK cell lysis, accumulating evidence demonstrates that persistent exposure to ligand-expressing cells causes the decrease of NKG2D surface expression leading to a functional impairment of NKG2D-dependent NK cell functions. Upon ligand binding, NKG2D is internalized from the plasma membrane and sorted to lysosomes for degradation. However, receptor endocytosis is not only a mechanism of receptor clearance from the cell surface, but is also required for the proper activation of signalling events leading to the functional program of NK cells. This review is aimed at providing a summary of current literature relevant to the molecular mechanisms leading to NKG2D down-modulation with particular emphasis given to the role of NKG2D endocytosis in both receptor degradation and signal propagation. Examples of chronic ligand-induced down-regulation of NK cell activating receptors other than NKG2D, including natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs), DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM1) and CD16, will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Linda Quatrini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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66
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Crux NB, Elahi S. Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) and Immune Regulation: How Do Classical and Non-Classical HLA Alleles Modulate Immune Response to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Infections? Front Immunol 2017; 8:832. [PMID: 28769934 PMCID: PMC5513977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic factors associated with susceptibility or resistance to viral infections are likely to involve a sophisticated array of immune response. These genetic elements may modulate other biological factors that account for significant influence on the gene expression and/or protein function in the host. Among them, the role of the major histocompatibility complex in viral pathogenesis in particular human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), is very well documented. We, recently, added a novel insight into the field by identifying the molecular mechanism associated with the protective role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27/B57 CD8+ T cells in the context of HIV-1 infection and why these alleles act as a double-edged sword protecting against viral infections but predisposing the host to autoimmune diseases. The focus of this review will be reexamining the role of classical and non-classical HLA alleles, including class Ia (HLA-A, -B, -C), class Ib (HLA-E, -F, -G, -H), and class II (HLA-DR, -DQ, -DM, and -DP) in immune regulation and viral pathogenesis (e.g., HIV and HCV). To our knowledge, this is the very first review of its kind to comprehensively analyze the role of these molecules in immune regulation associated with chronic viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B Crux
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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67
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Expression and differential regulation of HLA-G isoforms in the retinal pigment epithelial cell line, ARPE-19. Hum Immunol 2017; 78:414-420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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68
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Ferreira LMR, Meissner TB, Tilburgs T, Strominger JL. HLA-G: At the Interface of Maternal-Fetal Tolerance. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:272-286. [PMID: 28279591 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, semiallogeneic fetal extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) invade the uterine mucosa without being rejected by the maternal immune system. Several mechanisms were initially proposed by Peter Medawar half a century ago to explain this apparent violation of the laws of transplantation. Then, three decades ago, an unusual human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecule was identified: HLA-G. Uniquely expressed in EVT, HLA-G has since become the center of the present understanding of fetus-induced immune tolerance. Despite slow progress in the field, the last few years have seen an explosion in our knowledge of HLA-G biology. Here, we critically review new insights into the mechanisms controlling the expression and function of HLA-G at the maternal-fetal interface, and discuss their relevance for fetal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M R Ferreira
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Torsten B Meissner
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tamara Tilburgs
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jack L Strominger
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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69
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Abstract
Triggering of cell-mediated immunity is largely dependent on the recognition of foreign or abnormal molecules by a myriad of cell surface-bound receptors. Many activating immune receptors do not possess any intrinsic signaling capacity but instead form noncovalent complexes with one or more dimeric signaling modules that communicate with a common set of kinases to initiate intracellular information-transfer pathways. This modular architecture, where the ligand binding and signaling functions are detached from one another, is a common theme that is widely employed throughout the innate and adaptive arms of immune systems. The evolutionary advantages of this highly adaptable platform for molecular recognition are visible in the variety of ligand-receptor interactions that can be linked to common signaling pathways, the diversification of receptor modules in response to pathogen challenges, and the amplification of cellular responses through incorporation of multiple signaling motifs. Here we provide an overview of the major classes of modular activating immune receptors and outline the current state of knowledge regarding how these receptors assemble, recognize their ligands, and ultimately trigger intracellular signal transduction pathways that activate immune cell effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Berry
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Matthew E Call
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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70
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Marquez CMD, Ibana JA, Velarde MC. The female reproduction and senescence nexus. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 77. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cielo Mae D. Marquez
- Institute of Biology; University of the Philippines Diliman; Quezon City Philippines
| | - Joyce A. Ibana
- Institute of Biology; University of the Philippines Diliman; Quezon City Philippines
| | - Michael C. Velarde
- Institute of Biology; University of the Philippines Diliman; Quezon City Philippines
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71
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d’Almeida TC, Sadissou I, Milet J, Cottrell G, Mondière A, Avokpaho E, Gineau L, Sabbagh A, Massougbodji A, Moutairou K, Donadi EA, Favier B, Carosella E, Moreau P, Rouas-Freiss N, Courtin D, Garcia A. Soluble human leukocyte antigen -G during pregnancy and infancy in Benin: Mother/child resemblance and association with the risk of malaria infection and low birth weight. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171117. [PMID: 28166246 PMCID: PMC5293225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) G is a tolerogenic molecule involved in the maternal-fetal immune tolerance phenomenon. Its expression during some infectious diseases leading to immune evasion has been established. A first study conducted in Benin has shown that the production of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) during the first months of life is strongly correlated with the maternal level at delivery and associated with low birth weight and malaria. However sHLA-G measurements during pregnancy were not available for mothers and furthermore, to date the evolution of sHLA-G in pregnancy is not documented in African populations. To extend these previous findings, between January 2010 and June 2013, 400 pregnant women of a malaria preventive trial and their newborns were followed up in Benin until the age of 2 years. Soluble HLA-G was measured 3 times during pregnancy and repeatedly during the 2 years follow-up to explore how sHLA-G evolved and the factors associated. During pregnancy, plasma levels of sHLA-G remained stable and increased significantly at delivery (p<0.001). Multigravid women seemed to have the highest levels (p = 0.039). In infants, the level was highest in cord blood and decreased before stabilizing after 18 months (p<0.001). For children, a high level of sHLA-G was associated with malaria infection during the follow-up (p = 0.02) and low birth weight (p = 0.06). The mean level of sHLA-G during infancy was strongly correlated with the mother’s level during pregnancy (<0.001), and not only at delivery. Moreover, mothers with placental malaria infection had a higher probability of giving birth to a child with a high level of sHLA-g (p = 0.006). High sHLA-G levels during pregnancy might be associated with immune tolerance related to placental malaria. Further studies are needed but this study provides a first insight concerning the potential role of sHLA-G as a biomarker of weakness for newborns and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania C. d’Almeida
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- UMR 216-MERIT, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Ibrahim Sadissou
- UMR 216-MERIT, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Cotonou, Bénin
- Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
- Division of Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Milet
- UMR 216-MERIT, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Cottrell
- UMR 216-MERIT, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Amandine Mondière
- UMR 216-MERIT, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Campus de la Faculté des Sciences de la Santé (FSS) et de l’Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), Cotonou, Bénin
| | | | - Laure Gineau
- UMR 216-MERIT, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Sabbagh
- UMR 216-MERIT, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Achille Massougbodji
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Cotonou, Bénin
- Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | | | - Eduardo A. Donadi
- Division of Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Benoit Favier
- CEA, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes (IMETI), Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie (SRHI), Hôpital Saint-Louis, IUH, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, IUH, Hôpital Saint-Louis, UMR_E5, IUH, Paris, France
| | - Edgardo Carosella
- CEA, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes (IMETI), Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie (SRHI), Hôpital Saint-Louis, IUH, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, IUH, Hôpital Saint-Louis, UMR_E5, IUH, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Moreau
- CEA, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes (IMETI), Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie (SRHI), Hôpital Saint-Louis, IUH, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, IUH, Hôpital Saint-Louis, UMR_E5, IUH, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Rouas-Freiss
- CEA, Institut des Maladies Emergentes et des Thérapies Innovantes (IMETI), Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie (SRHI), Hôpital Saint-Louis, IUH, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, IUH, Hôpital Saint-Louis, UMR_E5, IUH, Paris, France
| | - David Courtin
- UMR 216-MERIT, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - André Garcia
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- UMR 216-MERIT, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie - Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme Associé à la Grossesse et à l’Enfance, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Cotonou, Bénin
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72
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Kovalenko EI, Streltsova MA. Adaptive features of natural killer cells, lymphocytes of innate immunity. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016060066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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73
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Cisneros E, Estefanía E, Vilches C. Allelic Polymorphism Determines Surface Expression or Intracellular Retention of the Human NK Cell Receptor KIR2DL5A (CD158f). Front Immunol 2017; 7:698. [PMID: 28144240 PMCID: PMC5239777 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
KIR2DL5 (CD158f) is the most recently identified inhibitory member of human killer-cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs), which enable NK cells to sense self-HLA. Unlike KIR2DL1–3, recognizing HLA-C allotypes through Ig-like domains of the D1–D2 type, KIR2DL5 shares a D0–D2 configuration with KIR2DL4, and its ligands have not been identified. KIR2DL5 is encoded by two paralogous genes displaying copy number variation and allelic polymorphism—KIR2DL5A and KIR2DL5B. UP-R1 mAb, raised against the common allele KIR2DL5A*001, enables specific KIR2DL5 detection. However, not every KIR2DL5+ individual has NK cells staining with UP-R1, discrepancy explained in part by epigenetically silent KIR2DL5B alleles with a distinctive substitution in a promoter RUNX-binding site. Furthermore, we show here that the transcribed allele KIR2DL5A*005, second most common of its locus, fails to confer NK cells UP-R1 reactivity, phenotype explained by inefficacious transport of its product to the cell surface. Two amino acid substitutions distinguish the KIR2DL5A*005 and *001 coding regions. Western blot, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy analyses of cells transfected with tagged constructs demonstrate that a serine substitution for glycine-174, conserved in most KIR, is mainly responsible for KIR2DL5A*005 intracellular retention, and it also affects mAb recognition. In contrast, substitution of aspartate for asparagine 152 has only a minor effect on surface expression, despite destroying an otherwise conserved N-glycosylation site. Our results help to explain the variable expression profile of KIR2DL5+ subjects and indicate that functional polymorphisms in both its promoter and its coding regions are critical for understanding the KIR2DL5 role in immunity and its importance for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cisneros
- Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro , Madrid , Spain
| | - Ernesto Estefanía
- Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro , Madrid , Spain
| | - Carlos Vilches
- Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro , Madrid , Spain
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74
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Ferreira SDC, Chachá SGF, Souza FF, Teixeira AC, Santana RDC, Deghaide NHS, Rodrigues S, Marano LA, Mendes-Junior CT, Ramalho LNZ, Zucoloto S, Donadi EA, Martinelli ADLC. The HLA-G 14-base pair deletion allele and the deletion/deletion genotype are associated with persistent HBe antigenemia in chronic hepatis B infection. Hum Immunol 2016; 78:166-171. [PMID: 28041834 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS HLA-G has well-recognized immunomodulatory properties, and this molecule is frequently expressed in the livers of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients. Because the HLA-G 14 bp-insertion/deletion polymorphism (rs371194629) has been associated with the magnitude of HLA-G expression, we evaluated this polymorphism in the recognized evolutionary forms of chronic HBV infection. METHODS We studied 196 chronic HBV-infected patients (118 HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis, 53 HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis and 25 inactive carriers exhibiting low levels of serum HBVDNA and persistently normal ALT levels), and 202 healthy individuals. Chronic hepatitis HLA-G typing was performed using PCR-amplified DNA hybridized with specific primers. RESULTS The frequencies of the insertion/deletion alleles and genotypes were very similar in patients and controls. After patient stratification according to the evolutionary form of the chronic HBV infection, the frequencies of the deletion allele (P=0.0460; OR=1.26; 95%CI=1.01-1.45) and of the deletion/deletion genotype (P=0.0356; OR=2.08; 95%CI=1.05-4.09) were overrepresented in HBeAg-positive patients when compared to HBeAg-negative patients. No differences were observed when HBV inactive carriers were compared to HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis patients. CONCLUSIONS Because the 14-bp deletion allele has been associated with increased HLA-G production and because HLA-G may down regulate the cytotoxic activity of TCD8 and NK cells, patients exhibiting the 14-bp deletion allele at single or double doses are at increased risk for developing chronic forms of HBV associated with persistent viremia and worse prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro da Costa Ferreira
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil.
| | - Silvana Gama Florêncio Chachá
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil; Department of Medicine, University Federal of São Carlos (UFSCAR), Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fernandes Souza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Andreza Corrêa Teixeira
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Carvalho Santana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Neifi Hassan Saloun Deghaide
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Sandra Rodrigues
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Leonardo A Marano
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
| | | | | | - Sérgio Zucoloto
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antônio Donadi
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Ana de Lourdes Candolo Martinelli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Brazil
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75
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Molfetta R, Quatrini L, Zitti B, Capuano C, Galandrini R, Santoni A, Paolini R. Regulation of NKG2D Expression and Signaling by Endocytosis. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:790-802. [PMID: 27667711 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
NKG2D is an activating receptor that can bind to a large number of stress-induced ligands that are expressed in the context of cancer or viral infection. This receptor is expressed on many cytotoxic lymphocytes, and plays a crucial role in antitumor and antiviral immune responses. However, exposure to NKG2D ligand-expressing target cells promotes receptor endocytosis, ultimately leading to lysosomal receptor degradation and impairment of NKG2D-mediated functions. Interestingly, before being degraded, internalized receptors can signal from the endosomal compartment, leading to the appropriate activation of cellular functional programs. This review summarizes recent findings on ligand-induced receptor internalization, with particular emphasis on the role of endocytosis in the control of both NKG2D-mediated intracellular signaling and receptor degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Quatrini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Zitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ricciarda Galandrini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy; Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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76
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Velarde MC, Menon R. Positive and negative effects of cellular senescence during female reproductive aging and pregnancy. J Endocrinol 2016; 230:R59-76. [PMID: 27325241 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a phenomenon occurring when cells are no longer able to divide even after treatment with growth stimuli. Because senescent cells are typically associated with aging and age-related diseases, cellular senescence is hypothesized to contribute to the age-related decline in reproductive function. However, some data suggest that senescent cells may also be important for normal physiological functions during pregnancy. Herein, we review the positive and negative effects of cellular senescence on female reproductive aging and pregnancy. We discuss how senescent cells accelerate female reproductive aging by promoting the decline in the number of ovarian follicles and increasing complications during pregnancy. We also describe how cellular senescence plays an important role in placental and fetal development as a beneficial process, ensuring proper homeostasis during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Velarde
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines Buck Institute for Research on AgingNovato, California, USA
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA Department of Clinical Medicine and Obstetrics and GynecologyAarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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77
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Nardi FDS, König L, Wagner B, Giebel B, Santos Manvailer LF, Rebmann V. Soluble monomers, dimers and HLA-G-expressing extracellular vesicles: the three dimensions of structural complexity to use HLA-G as a clinical biomarker. HLA 2016; 88:77-86. [PMID: 27440734 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The HLA-G molecule belongs to the family of nonclassical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I. At variance to classical HLA class I, HLA-G displays (i) a low number of nucleotide variations within the coding region, (ii) a high structural diversity, (iii) a restricted peptide repertoire, (iv) a limited tissue distribution and (v) strong immune-suppressive properties. The physiological HLA-G surface expression is restricted to the maternal-fetal interface and to immune-privileged adult tissues. Soluble forms of HLA-G (sHLA-G) are detectable in various body fluids. Cellular activation and pathological processes are associated with an aberrant or a neo-expression of HLA-G/sHLA-G. Functionally, HLA-G and its secreted forms are considered to be key players in the induction of short- and long-term tolerance. Thus, its unique expression profile and tolerance-inducing functions render HLA-G/sHLA-G an attractive biomarker to monitor the systemic health/disease status and disease activity/progression for clinical approaches in disease management and treatments. Here, we place emphasis on (i) the current status of the tolerance-inducing functions by HLA-G/sHLA-G, (ii) the current complexity to implement this molecule as a meaningful clinical biomarker regarding the three dimensions of structural diversity (monomers, dimers and HLA-G-expressing extracellular vesicles) with its functional implications, and (iii) novel and future approaches to detect and quantify sHLA-G structures and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F da Silva Nardi
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility (LIGH), Federal University of Paraná, Genetics Department, Curitiba, Brazil.,Ministry of Education of Brazil, Capes Foundation, Brasília, Brazil
| | - L König
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - B Wagner
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - B Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - L F Santos Manvailer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Ministry of Education of Brazil, Capes Foundation, Brasília, Brazil
| | - V Rebmann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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78
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Immunoregulatory Role of HLA-G in Allergic Diseases. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:6865758. [PMID: 27413762 PMCID: PMC4931064 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6865758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are sustained by a T-helper 2 polarization leading to interleukin-4 secretion, IgE-dependent inflammation, and mast cell and eosinophil activation. HLA-G molecules, both in membrane-bound and in soluble forms, play a central role in modulation of immune responses. Elevated levels of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) molecules are detected in serum of patients with allergic rhinitis to seasonal and perennial allergens and correlate with allergen-specific IgE levels, clinical severity, drug consumption, and response to allergen-specific immunotherapy. sHLA-G molecules are also found in airway epithelium of patients with allergic asthma and high levels of sHLA-G molecules are detectable in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage of asthmatic patients correlating with allergen-specific IgE levels. Finally, HLA-G molecules are expressed by T cells, monocytes-macrophages, and Langerhans cells infiltrating the dermis of atopic dermatitis patients. Collectively, although at present it is difficult to completely define the role of HLA-G molecules in allergic diseases, it may be suggested that they are expressed and secreted by immune cells during the allergic reaction in an attempt to suppress allergic inflammation.
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79
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Saunders PM, Vivian JP, O'Connor GM, Sullivan LC, Pymm P, Rossjohn J, Brooks AG. A bird's eye view of NK cell receptor interactions with their MHC class I ligands. Immunol Rev 2016; 267:148-66. [PMID: 26284476 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The surveillance of target cells by natural killer (NK) cells utilizes an ensemble of inhibitory and activating receptors, many of which interact with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. NK cell recognition of MHC class I proteins is important developmentally for the acquisition of full NK cell effector capacity and during target cell recognition, where the engagement of inhibitory receptors and MHC class I molecules attenuates NK cell activation. Human NK cells have evolved two broad strategies for recognition of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules: (i) direct recognition of polymorphic classical HLA class I proteins by diverse receptor families such as the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), and (ii) indirect recognition of conserved sets of HLA class I-derived peptides displayed on the non-classical HLA-E for recognition by CD94-NKG2 receptors. In this review, we assess the structural basis for the interaction between these NK receptors and their HLA class I ligands and, using the suite of published KIR and CD94-NKG2 ternary complexes, highlight the features that allow NK cells to orchestrate the recognition of a range of different HLA class I proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa M Saunders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julian P Vivian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Geraldine M O'Connor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Phillip Pymm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Rebmann V, König L, Nardi FDS, Wagner B, Manvailer LFS, Horn PA. The Potential of HLA-G-Bearing Extracellular Vesicles as a Future Element in HLA-G Immune Biology. Front Immunol 2016; 7:173. [PMID: 27199995 PMCID: PMC4854879 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The HLA-G molecule is a member of the non-classical HLA class I family. Its surface expression is physiologically restricted to the maternal–fetal interface and to immune privileged adult tissues. Despite the restricted tissue expression, HLA-G is detectable in body fluids as secreted soluble molecules. A unique feature of HLA-G is the structural diversity as surface expressed and as secreted molecules. Secreted HLA-G can be found in various body fluids either as free soluble HLA-G or as part of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are composed of various antigens/ligands/receptors, bioactive lipids, cytokines, growth factors, and genetic information, such as mRNA and microRNA. Functionally, HLA-G and its secreted forms are considered to play a crucial role in the network of immune-regulatory tolerance mechanisms, preferentially interacting with the cognate inhibitory receptors LILRB1 and LILRB2. The HLA-G mediated tolerance is described in processes of pregnancy, inflammation, and cancer. However, almost all functional and clinical implications of HLA-G in vivo and in vitro have been established based on simple single ligand/receptor interactions at the cell surface, whereas HLA-G-bearing EVs were in minor research focus. Indeed, cytotrophoblast cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and cancer cells were recently described to secrete HLA-G-bearing EVs, displaying immunosuppressive effects and modulating the tumor microenvironment. However, numerous functional and clinical open questions persist. Here, we (i) introduce basic aspects of EVs biology, (ii) summarize the functional knowledge, clinical implications and open questions of HLA-G-bearing EVs, and (iii) discuss HLA-G-bearing EVs as a future element in HLA-G biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Rebmann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Lisa König
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Essen, Germany
| | - Fabiola da Silva Nardi
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility (LIGH), Federal University of Paraná Genetics Department, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Bettina Wagner
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Luis Felipe Santos Manvailer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Peter A Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany
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81
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Quatrini L, Molfetta R, Zitti B, Peruzzi G, Fionda C, Capuano C, Galandrini R, Cippitelli M, Santoni A, Paolini R. Ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis of NKG2D-DAP10 receptor complexes activates signaling and functions in human NK cells. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra108. [PMID: 26508790 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aab2724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes share the presence of the activating receptor NK receptor group 2, member D (NKG2D) and the signaling-competent adaptor DNAX-activating protein 10 (DAP10), which together play an important role in antitumor immune surveillance. Ligand stimulation induces the internalization of NKG2D-DAP10 complexes and their delivery to lysosomes for degradation. In experiments with human NK cells and cell lines, we found that the ligand-induced endocytosis of NKG2D-DAP10 depended on the ubiquitylation of DAP10, which was also required for degradation of the internalized complexes. Moreover, through combined biochemical and microscopic analyses, we showed that ubiquitin-dependent receptor endocytosis was required for the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and NK cell functions, such as the secretion of cytotoxic granules and the inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ. These results suggest that NKG2D-DAP10 endocytosis represents a means to decrease cell surface receptor abundance, as well as to control signaling outcome in cytotoxic lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Quatrini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Zitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Peruzzi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, CLNS@Sapienza, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ricciarda Galandrini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cippitelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy. Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy. Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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82
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The HLA-G cycle provides for both NK tolerance and immunity at the maternal-fetal interface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:13312-7. [PMID: 26460007 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1517724112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of noncytotoxic decidual natural killer cells (dNK) and extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) at the maternal-fetal interface was studied. Confocal microscopy revealed that many dNK interact with a single large EVT. Filamentous projections from EVT enriched in HLA-G were shown to contact dNK, and may represent the initial stage of synapse formation. As isolated, 2.5% of dNK contained surface HLA-G. However, surface HLA-G-negative dNK contained internalized HLA-G. Activation of dNK resulted in the disappearance of internalized HLA-G in parallel with restoration of cytotoxicity. Surface HLA-G was reacquired by incubation with EVT. This HLA-G cycle of trogocytosis, endocytosis, degradation, and finally reacquisition provides a transient and localized acquisition of new functional properties by dNK upon interaction with EVT. Interruption of the cycle by activation of dNK by cytokines and/or viral products serves to ensure the NK control of virus infection at the interface, and is illustrated here by the response of dNK to human cytomegalo virus (HCMV)-infected decidual stromal cells. Thus, the HLA-G cycle in dNK can provide both for NK tolerance and antiviral immunity.
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83
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Augusto DG, Petzl-Erler ML. KIR and HLA under pressure: evidences of coevolution across worldwide populations. Hum Genet 2015; 134:929-40. [PMID: 26099314 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
KIR (killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors) and HLA (human leukocyte antigens) are two distinct gene families with remarkable importance for human immune responses. The recognition of HLA molecules by activating and inhibitory KIR promotes a balance of signals that regulates NK cell function and is especially important for the innate defense against pathogens and early placentation. There is no documented gametic association between these two gene families and no evidence of common regulation. However, due to the critical role of KIR recognition for immunity and reproduction, the possibility of KIR-HLA combinations being under selective pressure is not surprising. In this manuscript, we first summarize the HLA-KIR system, the HLA molecules that are the putative ligands for KIR, and then we review the evidences that suggest these two gene families are coevolving as an integrated system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danillo G Augusto
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19071, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil,
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84
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Human HLA-G+ extravillous trophoblasts: Immune-activating cells that interact with decidual leukocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:7219-24. [PMID: 26015573 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1507977112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Invading human leukocyte antigen-G+ (HLA-G+) extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) are rare cells that are believed to play a key role in the prevention of a maternal immune attack on foreign fetal tissues. Here highly purified HLA-G+ EVT and HLA-G- villous trophoblasts (VT) were isolated. Culture on fibronectin that EVT encounter on invading the uterus increased HLA-G, EGF-Receptor-2, and LIF-Receptor expression on EVT, presumably representing a further differentiation state. Microarray and functional gene set enrichment analysis revealed a striking immune-activating potential for EVT that was absent in VT. Cocultures of HLA-G+ EVT with sample matched decidual natural killer cells (dNK), macrophages, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were established. Interaction of EVT with CD4+ T cells resulted in increased numbers of CD4+CD25(HI)FOXP3+CD45RA+ resting regulatory T cells (Treg) and increased the expression level of the Treg-specific transcription factor FOXP3 in these cells. However, EVT did not enhance cytokine secretion in dNK, whereas stimulation of dNK with mitogens or classical natural killer targets confirmed the distinct cytokine secretion profiles of dNK and peripheral blood NK cells (pNK). EVT are specialized cells involved in maternal-fetal tolerance, the properties of which are not imitated by HLA-G-expressing surrogate cell lines.
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85
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Changes in Functional Activity of JEG-3 Trophoblast Cell Line in the Presence of Factors Secreted by Placenta. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:245-56. [PMID: 26003221 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cells in the maternal-fetal interface secrete cytokines that regulate proliferation, migration, and trophoblast invasion during the first trimester of pregnancy and the limitation of these processes during the third trimester. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of factors secreted by human placenta during the first and third trimester of pregnancy on cytokine receptor expression and proliferative and migratory activity of JEG-3 trophoblast cells. METHODS The research was conducted using the explant conditioned media of placentas obtained from healthy women with elective termination of pregnancy at 9-11 weeks and placentas of women whose pregnancy progressed without complications at 38-39 weeks. Assessment of surface molecule expression was performed using FACS Canto II flow cytometer (BD, USA). The proliferative activity of JEG-3 trophoblast cells was evaluated by dyeing with crystal violet vital dye. The migration activity of JEG-3 was evaluated using 24-well insert plates with polycarbonate inserts (pore size 8 microns). RESULTS Expression of CD116, CD118, CD119, IFNγ-R2, CD120b, CD183, CD192, CD295, EGFR, and TGFβ-R2 on JEG-3 was higher when the cells were incubated in the presence of the third trimester placental factors in comparison with the first trimester placental factors. Factors secreted by the placenta during the third trimester of pregnancy had more pronounced stimulatory effect on the proliferation and migration of trophoblast in comparison with baseline levels and with the effect of the first trimester placental factors. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the behavior of trophoblasts in vitro might not be representative of in vivo behavior in the absence of additional local factors that influence the trophoblast in vivo.
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86
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Moradi S, Berry R, Pymm P, Hitchen C, Beckham SA, Wilce MCJ, Walpole NG, Clements CS, Reid HH, Perugini MA, Brooks AG, Rossjohn J, Vivian JP. The structure of the atypical killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, KIR2DL4. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10460-71. [PMID: 25759384 PMCID: PMC4400354 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.612291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The engagement of natural killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) with their target ligands, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules, is a critical component of innate immunity. Structurally, KIRs typically have either two (D1-D2) or three (D0-D1-D2) extracellular immunoglobulin domains, with the D1 and D2 domain recognizing the α1 and α2 helices of HLA, respectively, whereas the D0 domain of the KIR3DLs binds a loop region flanking the α1 helix of the HLA molecule. KIR2DL4 is distinct from other KIRs (except KIR2DL5) in that it does not contain a D1 domain and instead has a D0-D2 arrangement. Functionally, KIR2DL4 is also atypical in that, unlike all other KIRs, KIR2DL4 has both activating and inhibitory signaling domains. Here, we determined the 2.8 Å crystal structure of the extracellular domains of KIR2DL4. Structurally, KIR2DL4 is reminiscent of other KIR2DL receptors, with the D0 and D2 adopting the C2-type immunoglobulin fold arranged with an acute elbow angle. However, KIR2DL4 self-associated via the D0 domain in a concentration-dependent manner and was observed as a tetramer in the crystal lattice by size exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, analytical ultracentrifugation, and small angle x-ray scattering experiments. The assignment of residues in the D0 domain to forming the KIR2DL4 tetramer precludes an interaction with HLA akin to that observed for KIR3DL1. Accordingly, no interaction was observed to HLA by direct binding studies. Our data suggest that the unique functional properties of KIR2DL4 may be mediated by self-association of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoeib Moradi
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Richard Berry
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Phillip Pymm
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Corinne Hitchen
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Simone A Beckham
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Matthew C J Wilce
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Nicholas G Walpole
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Craig S Clements
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Hugh H Reid
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and
| | - Matthew A Perugini
- the Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia, and
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, the Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Julian P Vivian
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,
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87
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Gregori S, Amodio G, Quattrone F, Panina-Bordignon P. HLA-G Orchestrates the Early Interaction of Human Trophoblasts with the Maternal Niche. Front Immunol 2015; 6:128. [PMID: 25870595 PMCID: PMC4378286 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) play a central role in educating maternal leukocytes, endometrial stromal and endothelial cells to generate a receptive decidual microenvironment tailored to accept the semi-allogeneic fetus. HLA-G, a non-classical HLA class I molecule endowed with immune-regulatory functions, is primarily expressed on EVTs lining the placenta and on the naturally occurring tolerogenic dendritic cells, named DC-10, which are enriched in the human first trimester decidua. Decidual DC-10 are involved in HLA-G-mediated tolerance at the maternal–fetal interface. EVTs not only establish a tolerogenic microenvironment through the interaction with maternal innate and adaptive cells but also orchestrate placenta vascular and tissue remodeling, leading to a successful pregnancy. Here, we discuss the potential implications of the HLA-G-mediated cross-talk among the cells present at the maternal–fetal interface, and its role in maintaining a positive relationship between the mother and the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gregori
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Giada Amodio
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy
| | - Federica Quattrone
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital , Milan , Italy
| | - Paola Panina-Bordignon
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital , Milan , Italy
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88
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Nowak I, Barcz E, Majorczyk E, Malinowski A, Wilczyński JR, Banasik M, Motak-Pochrzęst H, Kuśnierczyk P. Genetic polymorphism of KIR2DL4 in the Polish population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 85:450-7. [PMID: 25818657 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The KIR2DL4 gene is characterized by alleles with either 9 or 10 consecutive adenines in exon 7, which encodes the transmembrane domain. The 9A variant produces either a protein with a truncated cytoplasmic tail or one lacking the transmembrane region. This causes a lack of KIR2DL4 expression. In contrast, 10A alleles encode receptors that may be expressed at the cell surface. We tested 438 healthy individuals for polymorphism of the KIR2DL4 gene. KIR2DL4 9A/10A alleles were distinguished by the high resolution melting (HRM) method, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used for genotyping of three other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the near vicinity of the poly-adenine fragment. We found a weak difference between males and females in 9769 C/A genotypes and alleles. In addition, we observed complete linkage disequilibrium (LD) between 9A insertion/deletion in the 9620 position and the 9571T/C position of the gene (r(2) = 1) both in females and males and almost complete LD with the 9797G/A position (r(2) = 0.963 for females and r(2) = 0.892 for males). Most importantly, we detected, in a group of fertile women, a high frequency (30.2%) of homozygosity for the defective 9A variant, which suggests that KIR2DL4 as a functional cell surface receptor is not absolutely necessary for reproduction. On the other hand, lower representation of 10A/10A homozygotes and high frequency of 10A/9A heterozygotes indicates a need for both cell membrane-anchored and soluble KIR2DL4 molecules. Finally, cost-reducing RFLP instead of HRM is proposed for typing 9A and 10A variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nowak
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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89
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Human leucocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) and its murine functional homolog Qa2 in the Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:595829. [PMID: 25688175 PMCID: PMC4320874 DOI: 10.1155/2015/595829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility factors, parasite strain, and an adequate modulation of the immune system seem to be crucial for disease progression after Trypanosoma cruzi infection. HLA-G and its murine functional homolog Qa2 have well-recognized immunomodulatory properties. We evaluated the HLA-G 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) polymorphic sites (associated with mRNA stability and target for microRNA binding) and HLA-G tissue expression (heart, colon, and esophagus) in patients presenting Chagas disease, stratified according to the major clinical variants. Further, we investigated the transcriptional levels of Qa2 and other pro- and anti-inflammatory genes in affected mouse tissues during T. cruzi experimental acute and early chronic infection induced by the CL strain. Chagas disease patients exhibited differential HLA-G 3′UTR susceptibility allele/genotype/haplotype patterns, according to the major clinical variant (digestive/cardiac/mixed/indeterminate). HLA-G constitutive expression on cardiac muscle and colonic cells was decreased in Chagasic tissues; however, no difference was observed for Chagasic and non-Chagasic esophagus tissues. The transcriptional levels of Qa2 and other anti and proinflammatory (CTLA-4, PDCD1, IL-10, INF-γ, and NOS-2) genes were induced only during the acute T. cruzi infection in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. We present several lines of evidence indicating the role of immunomodulatory genes and molecules in human and experimental T. cruzi infection.
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90
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Anderson DJ, Politch JA. Role of Seminal Plasma in Human Female Reproductive Failure: Immunomodulation, Inflammation, and Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 868:159-69. [PMID: 26178849 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18881-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Human seminal plasma contains factors that can regulate the female immune system and potentially promote reproductive fitness. Adverse effects on fertility and pregnancy may occur when seminal plasma provides insufficient, excessive, or altered signals or when the female partner is incapable of receiving these signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Anderson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Suite 516, Boston, MA, 02118, USA,
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91
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Djurisic S, Hviid TVF. HLA Class Ib Molecules and Immune Cells in Pregnancy and Preeclampsia. Front Immunol 2014; 5:652. [PMID: 25566263 PMCID: PMC4274990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, the highly prevalent pregnancy complication preeclampsia, “the disease of theories,” has remained an enigma. Indeed, the etiology of preeclampsia is largely unknown. A compiling amount of studies indicates that the pathological basis involves a complex array of genetic predisposition and immunological maladaptation, and that a contribution from the mother, the father, and the fetus is likely to be important. The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-G is an increasing focus of research in relation to preeclampsia. The HLA-G molecule is primarily expressed by the extravillous trophoblast cells lining the placenta together with the two other HLA class Ib molecules, HLA-E and HLA-F. Soluble isoforms of HLA-G have been detected in the early endometrium, the matured cumulus–oocyte complex, maternal blood of pregnant women, in umbilical cord blood, and lately, in seminal plasma. HLA-G is believed to be involved in modulating immune responses in the context of vascular remodeling during pregnancy as well as in dampening potential harmful immune attacks raised against the semi-allogeneic fetus. In addition, HLA-G genetic variants are associated with both membrane-bound and soluble forms of HLA-G, and, in some studies, with preeclampsia. In this review, a genetic contribution from the mother, the father, and the fetus, together with the presence and function of various immune cells of relevance in pregnancy are reviewed in relation to HLA-G and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezana Djurisic
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Copenhagen University Hospital (Roskilde), University of Copenhagen , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Thomas Vauvert F Hviid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Copenhagen University Hospital (Roskilde), University of Copenhagen , Roskilde , Denmark
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92
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Sharma R, Das A. Organ-specific phenotypic and functional features of NK cells in humans. Immunol Res 2014; 58:125-31. [PMID: 24366663 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells kill virus-infected and tumor target cells without prior sensitization. Each NK cell expresses a multitude of activating and inhibitory receptors, and the interplay of signals determines the outcome of NK cell activity. NK cell-mediated cytolysis of target cell involves polarized degranulation at effector-target interface. Peripheral blood NK cell constitutes about 10% of lymphocytes, and approximately 90% of peripheral blood NK cells are CD56(dim)CD16(+); however, there is a distinct subset of NK cells, CD56(bright)CD16(-), expressed by certain lymphoid organs which are able to produce large amounts of cytokines including interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, but the cytotoxicity is attained only on their prolonged activation. In this review, we discuss the accumulated data on distinct phenotypes of NK cells in human uterus, liver, intestine, skin, and lung and also attempt to correlate their phenotype with corresponding activity and functions, with significant stress on the role of NK cells in pathology in the specific organs. Our detailed understanding of altered NK cell activity in different organs and their inherent cytotoxic activity against tumor target cells will help us design better immunotherapeutic strategies in NK cell-mediated cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, New Delhi, 110042, Delhi, India
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93
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Purdy AK, Alvarez Arias DA, Oshinsky J, James AM, Serebriiskii I, Campbell KS. The ap-2 clathrin adaptor mediates endocytosis of an inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptor in human NK cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:4675-83. [PMID: 25238755 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stable surface expression of human inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) is critical for controlling NK cell function and maintaining NK cell tolerance toward normal MHC class I(+) cells. Our recent experiments, however, have found that Ab-bound KIR3DL1 (3DL1) readily leaves the cell surface and undergoes endocytosis to early/recycling endosomes and subsequently to late endosomes. We found that 3DL1 internalization is at least partially mediated by an interaction between the μ2 subunit of the AP-2 clathrin adaptor complex and ITIM tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic domain of 3DL1. Disruption of the 3DL1/μ2 interaction, either by mutation of the ITIM tyrosines in 3DL1 or mutation of μ2, significantly diminished endocytosis and increased surface expression of 3DL1 in human primary NK cells and cell lines. Furthermore, we found that the 3DL1/AP-2 interaction is diminished upon Ab engagement with the receptor, as compared with untreated cells. Thus, we have identified AP-2-mediated endocytosis as a mechanism regulating the surface levels of inhibitory KIRs through their ITIM domains. Based on our results, we propose a model in which nonengaged KIRs are internalized by this mechanism, whereas engagement with MHC class I ligand would diminish AP-2 binding, thereby prolonging stable receptor surface expression and promoting inhibitory function. Furthermore, this ITIM-mediated mechanism may similarly regulate the surface expression of other inhibitory immune receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Purdy
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Diana A Alvarez Arias
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Jennifer Oshinsky
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Ashley M James
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Ilya Serebriiskii
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111; and Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Kerry S Campbell
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111;
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94
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Bruno A, Ferlazzo G, Albini A, Noonan DM. A think tank of TINK/TANKs: tumor-infiltrating/tumor-associated natural killer cells in tumor progression and angiogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju200. [PMID: 25178695 PMCID: PMC4344546 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating leukocytes are often induced by the cancer microenvironment to display a protumor, proangiogenic phenotype. This “polarization” has been described for several myeloid cells, in particular macrophages. Natural killer (NK) cells represent another population of innate immune cells able to infiltrate tumors. The role of NK in tumor progression and angiogenesis has not yet been fully investigated. Several studies have shown that tumor-infiltrating NK (here referred to as “TINKs”) and tumor-associated NK (altered peripheral NK cells, which here we call “TANKs”) are compromised in their ability to lysew tumor cells. Recent data have suggested that they are potentially protumorigenic and can also acquire a proangiogenic phenotype. Here we review the properties of TINKs and TANKs and compare their activities to that of NK cells endowed with a physiological proangiogenic phenotype, in particular decidual NK cells. We speculate on the potential origins of TINKs and TANKs and on the immune signals involved in their differentiation and polarization. The TINK and TANK phenotype has broad implications in the immune response to tumors, ranging from a deficient control of cancer and cancer stem cells to an altered crosstalk with other relevant players of the immune response, such as dendritic cells, to induction of cancer angiogenesis. With this recently acquired knowledge that has not yet been put into perspective, we point out new potential avenues for therapeutic intervention involving NK cells as a target or an ally in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Bruno
- Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy (AB, DMN); Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (GF); Department of Research and Statistics, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (AA); Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy (DMN)
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy (AB, DMN); Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (GF); Department of Research and Statistics, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (AA); Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy (DMN)
| | - Adriana Albini
- Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy (AB, DMN); Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (GF); Department of Research and Statistics, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (AA); Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy (DMN)
| | - Douglas M Noonan
- Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milano, Italy (AB, DMN); Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy (GF); Department of Research and Statistics, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy (AA); Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy (DMN)
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95
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Enhanced prevalence of plasmatic soluble MHC class I chain-related molecule in vascular pregnancy diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:653161. [PMID: 25243172 PMCID: PMC4160641 DOI: 10.1155/2014/653161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex class I related chain (MIC) is a stress-inducible protein modulating the function of immune natural killer (NK) cells, a major leukocyte subset involved in proper trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling. Aim of the study was to evaluate whether upregulation of soluble MIC (sMIC) may reflect immune disorders associated to vascular pregnancy diseases (VPD). sMIC was more frequently detected in the plasma of women with a diagnostic of VPD (32%) than in normal term-matched pregnancies (1.6%, P < 0.0001), with highest prevalence in intrauterine fetal death (IUDF, 44%) and vascular intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR, 39%). sMIC levels were higher in preeclampsia (PE) than in IUFD (P < 0.01) and vascular IUGR (P < 0.05). sMIC detection was associated with bilateral early diastolic uterine notches (P = 0.037), thrombocytopenia (P = 0.03), and high proteinuria (P = 0.03) in PE and with the vascular etiology of IUGR (P = 0.0038). Incubation of sMIC-positive PE plasma resulted in downregulation of NKG2D expression and NK cell-mediated IFN-γ production in vitro. Our work thus suggests that detection of sMIC molecule in maternal plasma may constitute a hallmark of altered maternal immune functions that contributes to vascular disorders that complicate pregnancy, notably by impairing NK-cell mediated production of IFN-γ, an essential cytokine favoring vascular modeling.
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96
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Morandi F, Pistoia V. Interactions between HLA-G and HLA-E in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Front Immunol 2014; 5:394. [PMID: 25202308 PMCID: PMC4141331 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA-G and HLA-E are immunoregulatory molecules that belong to HLA-Ib family. The role of these molecules in the control of the immune response has been extensively analyzed, both in physiological and pathological conditions. We have here summarized data present in the literature regarding the interaction of these molecules in different settings. These data suggested that HLA-G and -E co-operate in physiological conditions (i.e., establishment of an immune tolerance at maternal/fetal interface during pregnancy), whereas their role in the course of tumors or autoimmune/inflammatory diseases may be different or even opposite. Future studies aimed at investigating the interaction between HLA-G and HLA-E will help to clarify mechanism(s) underlying the regulation of immune effector cells in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Morandi
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genoa , Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini , Genoa , Italy
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97
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Sotnikova N, Voronin D, Antsiferova Y, Bukina E. Interaction of Decidual CD56+ NK with Trophoblast Cells during Normal Pregnancy and Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion at Early Term of Gestation. Scand J Immunol 2014; 80:198-208. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Sotnikova
- Federal State Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood named V.N. Gorodkov; Ivanovo Russia
| | - D. Voronin
- Federal State Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood named V.N. Gorodkov; Ivanovo Russia
| | - Y. Antsiferova
- Federal State Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood named V.N. Gorodkov; Ivanovo Russia
| | - E. Bukina
- Federal State Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood named V.N. Gorodkov; Ivanovo Russia
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98
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Amodio G, Sales de Albuquerque R, Gregori S. New insights into HLA-G mediated tolerance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 84:255-63. [PMID: 25132109 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human Leukocyte Antigen G (HLA-G) is a nonclassical HLA class I molecule with well-characterized immunomodulatory activities. HLA-G was first described as a regulatory molecule that allows the fetus to elude the maternal immune response. In the last decade it has become evident that HLA-G is involved in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses, in maintaining tolerance in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and after transplantation, and in promoting immune escape in cancer and infectious diseases. HLA-G exerts its modulatory/regulatory functions directly by interacting with specific inhibitory receptors. The expression of HLA-G is finely tuned by genetic variations in the noncoding region of the locus. The recent discovery of dendritic cells-10 (DC-10) as naturally occurring HLA-G-expressing dendritic cells opens new perspectives in the identification of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying HLA-G-mediated tolerance. An overview on the HLA-G-mediated inhibition of innate and adaptive immune cells, on the genetic influence on HLA-G expression, and on HLA-G-expressing DC-10 is presented. Moreover, we discuss the central and critical role of DC-10 in the HLA-G-mediated tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Amodio
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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99
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HLA-G gene expression influenced at allelic level in association with end stage renal disease and acute allograft rejection. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:833-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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100
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Rebmann V, da Silva Nardi F, Wagner B, Horn PA. HLA-G as a tolerogenic molecule in transplantation and pregnancy. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:297073. [PMID: 25143957 PMCID: PMC4131093 DOI: 10.1155/2014/297073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
HLA-G is a nonclassical HLA class I molecule. In allogeneic situations such as pregnancy or allograft transplantation, the expression of HLA-G has been related to a better acceptance of the fetus or the allograft. Thus, it seems that HLA-G is crucially involved in mechanisms shaping an allogeneic immune response into tolerance. In this contribution we focus on (i) how HLA-G is involved in transplantation and human reproduction, (ii) how HLA-G is regulated by genetic and microenvironmental factors, and (iii) how HLA-G can offer novel perspectives with respect to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Rebmann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstraße 179, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Fabiola da Silva Nardi
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstraße 179, 45147 Essen, Germany
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, 70.040-020 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Bettina Wagner
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstraße 179, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Peter A. Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Virchowstraße 179, 45147 Essen, Germany
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