51
|
Sturgeon K, Digiovanni L, Good J, Salvatore D, Fenderson D, Domchek S, Stopfer J, Galantino ML, Bryan C, Hwang WT, Schmitz K. Exercise-Induced Dose-Response Alterations in Adiponectin and Leptin Levels Are Dependent on Body Fat Changes in Women at Risk for Breast Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:1195-200. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
52
|
Biesiada LA, Głowacka E, Krekora M, Sobantka S, Krokocka A, Krasomski G. The impact of excessive maternal weight on the nutritional status of the fetus - the role of leptin. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:394-401. [PMID: 27186186 PMCID: PMC4848370 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.59267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Assessment of leptin concentration in the blood of pregnant women (leptin concentration - Lc) and in their newborns, according to their nutritional status. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pregnant women (n = 42) were divided into normal body mass (NBM) and excessive body mass (EBM) groups. Neonates were divided into AGA (eutrophic) and LGA (macrosomic) groups. Leptin concentraction was studied in 4 subgroups: NBM/AGA, NBM/LGA, EBM/AGA, EBM/LGA. RESULTS Mothers: A significant correlation was found between maternal Lc and body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.75, p < 0.001). Maternal Lc was 3 times higher than neonatal Lc (p < 0.00001). The NBM mothers showed lower Lc compared to EBM mothers (p = 0.000018). Leptin concentration values in NBM/LGA and NBM/AGA mothers were similar (p = 0.6775). Newborns: Correlations were found between Lc and ponderal index (PI) (r = 0.67, p < 0.001), weight (r = 0.43, p = 0.004) and placental weight (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). Girls presented higher Lc than boys (p = 0.0338). In LGA groups, newborns born to EBM mothers presented higher Lc than those born to NBM mothers (p = 0.0013). In both AGA groups, Lc was similar (AGA/EBM vs. AGA/NBM p = 0.1619). The highest Lc and the largest placentas were found in the group of LGA newborns born to EBM mothers. CONCLUSIONS Leptin concentration positively correlates with BMI in pregnant women, with PI and female sex in newborns as well as with placental weight. The nutritional status of fetuses does not affect the Lc of their non-obese mothers. The LGA neonates born to EBM women demonstrate higher Lc than LGA neonates born to NBM mothers, whereas Lc of AGA neonates is similar regardless of the nutritional status of their mothers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia A. Biesiada
- Center for Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Głowacka
- Center for Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Krekora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Stanisław Sobantka
- Second Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Krokocka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Krasomski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Institute, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Lipsey CC, Harbuzariu A, Daley-Brown D, Gonzalez-Perez RR. Oncogenic role of leptin and Notch interleukin-1 leptin crosstalk outcome in cancer. World J Methodol 2016; 6:43-55. [PMID: 27019796 PMCID: PMC4804251 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v6.i1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic characterized by high levels of body fat (adiposity) and derived-cytokines (i.e., leptin). Research shows that adiposity and leptin provide insight on the link between obesity and cancer progression. Leptin’s main function is to regulate energy balance. However, obese individuals routinely develop leptin resistance, which is the consequence of the breakdown in the signaling mechanism controlling satiety resulting in the accumulation of leptin. Therefore, leptin levels are often chronically elevated in human obesity. Elevated leptin levels are related to higher incidence, increased progression and poor prognosis of several human cancers. In addition to adipose tissue, cancer cells can also secrete leptin and overexpress leptin receptors. Leptin is known to act as a mitogen, inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factor that induces cancer cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Moreover, leptin signaling induces cancer stem cells, which are involved in cancer recurrence and drug resistance. A novel and complex signaling crosstalk between leptin, Notch and interleukin-1 (IL-1) [Notch, IL-1 and leptin crosstalk outcome (NILCO)] seems to be an important driver of leptin-induced oncogenic actions. Leptin and NILCO signaling mediate the activation of cancer stem cells that can affect drug resistance. Thus, leptin and NILCO signaling are key links between obesity and cancer progression. This review presents updated data suggesting that adiposity affects cancer incidence, progression, and response to treatment. Here we show data supporting the oncogenic role of leptin in breast, endometrial, and pancreatic cancers.
Collapse
|
54
|
Tahergorabi Z, Khazaei M. Leptin and its cardiovascular effects: Focus on angiogenesis. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:79. [PMID: 26015905 PMCID: PMC4434486 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.156526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an endocrine hormone synthesized by adipocytes. It plays a key role in the energy homeostasis in central and peripheral tissues and has additional roles are attributed to it, such as the regulation of reproduction, immune function, bone homeostasis, and angiogenesis. The plasma concentration of leptin significantly increases in obese individuals. In the present review, we give an introduction concerning leptin, its receptors, signaling pathways, and its effect on cardiovascular system, especially on angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Tahergorabi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Zhou L, Jang KY, Moon YJ, Wagle S, Kim KM, Lee KB, Park BH, Kim JR. Leptin ameliorates ischemic necrosis of the femoral head in rats with obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9397. [PMID: 25797953 PMCID: PMC4369691 DOI: 10.1038/srep09397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for ischemic necrosis of the femoral head (INFH). The purpose of this study was to determine if leptin treatment of INFH stimulates new bone formation to preserve femoral head shape in rats with diet-induced obesity. Rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal chow diet (NCD) for 16 weeks to induce progressive development of obesity. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN) was surgically induced. Adenovirus-mediated introduction of the leptin gene was by intravenous injection 2 days before surgery-induced AVN. At 6 weeks post-surgery, radiologic and histomorphometric assessments were performed. Leptin signaling in tissues was examined by Western blot. Osteogenic markers were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Radiographs showed better preservation of femoral head architecture in the HFD-AVN-Leptin group than the HFD-AVN and HFD-AVN-LacZ groups. Histology and immunohistochemistry revealed the HFD-AVN-Leptin group had significantly increased osteoblastic proliferation and vascularity in infarcted femoral heads compared with the HFD-AVN and HFD-AVN-LacZ groups. Intravenous injection of leptin enhanced serum VEGF levels and activated HIF-1α pathways. Runx 2 and its target genes were significantly upregulated in the HFD-AVN-Leptin group. These results indicate that leptin resistance is important in INFH pathogenesis. Leptin therapy could be a new strategy for INFH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- 1] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea [2] Department of Sports Medicine, Taishan Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajeev Wagle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Bok Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ryul Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Burgazli K, Stein N, Mericliler M, Parahuleva M, Erdogan A. Influence of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors on Leptin-Induced Endothelial Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Capillary-Like Tube Formation. Postgrad Med 2015; 126:231-8. [DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2014.05.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
57
|
Adya R, Tan BK, Randeva HS. Differential effects of leptin and adiponectin in endothelial angiogenesis. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:648239. [PMID: 25650072 PMCID: PMC4310451 DOI: 10.1155/2015/648239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major health burden with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Endothelial dysfunction is pivotal to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In relation to this, adipose tissue secreted factors termed "adipokines" have been reported to modulate endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we focus on two of the most abundant circulating adipokines, that is, leptin and adiponectin, in the development of endothelial dysfunction. Leptin has been documented to influence a multitude of organ systems, that is, central nervous system (appetite regulation, satiety factor) and cardiovascular system (endothelial dysfunction leading to atherosclerosis). Adiponectin, circulating at a much higher concentration, exists in different molecular weight forms, essentially made up of the collagenous fraction and a globular domain, the latter being investigated minimally for its involvement in proinflammatory processes including activation of NF-κβ and endothelial adhesion molecules. The opposing actions of the two forms of adiponectin in endothelial cells have been recently demonstrated. Additionally, a local and systemic change to multimeric forms of adiponectin has gained importance. Thus detailed investigations on the potential interplay between these adipokines would likely result in better understanding of the missing links connecting CVD, adipokines, and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Adya
- Division of Translational and Systems Medicine-Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- *Raghu Adya:
| | - Bee K. Tan
- Division of Translational and Systems Medicine-Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Division of Translational and Systems Medicine-Metabolic and Vascular Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Faulkner A, Purcell R, Hibbert A, Latham S, Thomson S, Hall WL, Wheeler-Jones C, Bishop-Bailey D. A thin layer angiogenesis assay: a modified basement matrix assay for assessment of endothelial cell differentiation. BMC Cell Biol 2014; 15:41. [PMID: 25476021 PMCID: PMC4263020 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-014-0041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Basement matrices such as Matrigel™ and Geltrex™ are used in a variety of cell culture assays of anchorage-dependent differentiation including endothelial cell tube formation assays. The volumes of matrix recommended for these assays (approximately 150 μl/cm2) are costly, limit working distances for microscopy, and require cell detachment for subsequent molecular analysis. Here we describe the development and validation of a thin-layer angiogenesis (TLA) assay for assessing the angiogenic potential of endothelial cells that overcomes these limitations. Results Geltrex™ basement matrix at 5 μl/cm2 in 24-well (10 μl) or 96-well (2 μl) plates supports endothelial cell differentiation into tube-like structures in a comparable manner to the standard larger volumes of matrix. Since working distances are reduced, high-resolution single cell microscopy, including DIC and confocal imaging, can be used readily. Using MitoTracker dye we now demonstrate, for the first time, live mitochondrial dynamics and visualise the 3-dimensional network of mitochondria present in differentiated endothelial cells. Using a standard commercial total RNA extraction kit (Qiagen) we also show direct RNA extraction and RT-qPCR from differentiated endothelial cells without the need to initially detach cells from their supporting matrix. Conclusions We present here a new thin-layer assay (TLA) for measuring the anchorage-dependent differentiation of endothelial cells into tube-like structures which retains all the characteristics of the traditional approach but with the added benefit of a greatly lowered cost and better compatibility with other techniques, including RT-qPCR and high-resolution microscopy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12860-014-0041-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashton Faulkner
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Robert Purcell
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Andrew Hibbert
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Sally Latham
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Scott Thomson
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Wendy L Hall
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Caroline Wheeler-Jones
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - David Bishop-Bailey
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Abstract
Leptin, as a key hormone in energy homeostasis, regulates neuroendocrine function, including reproduction. It has a permissive role in the initiation of puberty and maintenance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This is notable in patients with either congenital or acquired leptin deficiency from a state of chronic energy insufficiency. Hypothalamic amenorrhea is the best-studied, with clinical trials confirming a causative role of leptin in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Implications of leptin deficiency have also emerged in the pathophysiology of hypogonadism in type 1 diabetes. At the other end of the spectrum, hyperleptinemia may play a role in hypogonadism associated with obesity, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. In these conditions of energy excess, mechanisms of reproductive dysfunction include central leptin resistance as well as direct effects at the gonadal level. Thus, reproductive dysfunction due to energy imbalance at both ends can be linked to leptin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon H Chou
- Section of Adult and Pediatric EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 1027, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USADivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, FD-876, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USASection of EndocrinologyBoston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christos Mantzoros
- Section of Adult and Pediatric EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 1027, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USADivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, FD-876, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USASection of EndocrinologyBoston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Section of Adult and Pediatric EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 1027, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USADivision of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, FD-876, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USASection of EndocrinologyBoston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Kurtovic S, Ng TT, Gupta A, Arumugaswami V, Chaiboonma KL, Aminzadeh MA, Makkar R, Dafoe DC, Talavera-Adame D. Leptin enhances endothelial cell differentiation and angiogenesis in murine embryonic stem cells. Microvasc Res 2014; 97:65-74. [PMID: 25250519 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic regulation of leptin and its angiogenic effects have been well characterized in adult mammals. However, the role of leptin in the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to endothelial cells (ECs) has not been characterized. We hypothesized that leptin enhances the generation of ECs derived from ESCs and, in this way, promotes angiogenesis in embryonic vessels. To address this hypothesis, we utilized an in vitro model consisting of murine ESCs-derived embryoid bodies (EBs). Vascular density, EC and angiogenesis markers as well as phosphorylation levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) were investigated in leptin-treated EBs and in untreated EBs as controls. ESC-derived ECs were isolated by magnetic sorting based on the expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1/CD31). Significant upregulation of EC and angiogenic markers as well as higher vessel density were found in leptin-treated EBs compared to controls. CD31 positive enriched cells derived from leptin-treated EBs had improved proliferation and survival rate and showed higher levels of pSTAT3. These results suggested that leptin promotes EC differentiation and angiogenesis in mouse EBs and that janus tyrosine kinase (JAK)/STAT pathway can play a role in this biological process. Leptin-mediated EC differentiation and angiogenesis in ESCs can be a useful application towards regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Kurtovic
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Tina T Ng
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ankur Gupta
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Kira L Chaiboonma
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mohammad Amin Aminzadeh
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Raj Makkar
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Donald C Dafoe
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Dodanim Talavera-Adame
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Cutini PH, Campelo AE, Massheimer VL. Differential regulation of endothelium behavior by progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate. J Endocrinol 2014; 220:179-93. [PMID: 24301615 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is a synthetic progestin commonly used in hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The aim of this research was to study and compare the effect of progesterone (Pg) and MPA on the regulation of cellular events associated with vascular homeostasis and disease. Platelet adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs), nitric oxide (NO) production, and cell migration were studied using murine ECs in vitro exposed to the progestins. After 7 min of treatment, MPA significantly inhibited NO synthesis with respect to control values; meanwhile, Pg markedly increased vasoactive production. In senile ECs, the stimulatory action of Pg decreases; meanwhile, MPA maintained its ability to inhibit NO synthesis. The presence of RU486 antagonized the action of each steroid. When ECs were preincubated with PD98059 (MAPK inhibitor) or chelerythrine (protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor) before Pg or MPA treatment, the former totally suppressed the steroid action, but the PKC antagonist did not affect NO production. In the presence of a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002), a partial reduction in Pg effect and a reversal of MPA action were detected. Using indomethacin, the contribution of the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway was also detected. On platelet adhesion assays, Pg inhibited and MPA stimulated platelet adhesion to ECs. Under inflammatory conditions, Pg prevented platelet adhesion induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS); meanwhile, MPA potentiated the stimulatory action of LPS. Finally, although both steroids enhanced migration of ECs, MPA exhibited a greater effect. In conclusion, the data presented in this research provide evidence of a differential regulation of vascular function by Pg and MPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo H Cutini
- Cátedra de Bioquímica Clínica II, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), San Juan 670, B8000ICN, Bahía Blanca, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Bekhite MM, Finkensieper A, Rebhan J, Huse S, Schultze-Mosgau S, Figulla HR, Sauer H, Wartenberg M. Hypoxia, Leptin, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Stimulate Vascular Endothelial Cell Differentiation of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:333-51. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Bekhite
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Andreas Finkensieper
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jennifer Rebhan
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Huse
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Schultze-Mosgau
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Reiner Figulla
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Maria Wartenberg
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Newman G, Gonzalez-Perez RR. Leptin-cytokine crosstalk in breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:570-582. [PMID: 23562747 PMCID: PMC3844060 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite accumulating evidence suggesting a positive correlation between leptin levels, obesity, post-menopause and breast cancer incidence, our current knowledge on the mechanisms involved in these relationships is still incomplete. Since the cloning of leptin in 1994 and its receptor (OB-R) 1 year later by Friedman's laboratory (Zhang et al., 1994) and Tartaglia et al. (Tartaglia et al., 1995), respectively, more than 22,000 papers related to leptin functions in several biological systems have been published (Pubmed, 2012). The ob gene product, leptin, is an important circulating signal for the regulation of body weight. Additionally, leptin plays critical roles in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, reproduction, growth and the immune response. Supporting evidence for leptin roles in cancer has been shown in more than 1000 published papers, with almost 300 papers related to breast cancer (Pubmed, 2012). Specific leptin-induced signaling pathways are involved in the increased levels of inflammatory, mitogenic and pro-angiogenic factors in breast cancer. In obesity, a mild inflammatory condition, deregulated secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and leptin from adipose tissue, inflammatory and cancer cells could contribute to the onset and progression of cancer. We used an in silico software program, Pathway Studio 9, and found 4587 references citing these various interactions. Functional crosstalk between leptin, IL-1 and Notch signaling (NILCO) found in breast cancer cells could represent the integration of developmental, proinflammatory and pro-angiogenic signals critical for leptin-induced breast cancer cell proliferation/migration, tumor angiogenesis and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Remarkably, the inhibition of leptin signaling via leptin peptide receptor antagonists (LPrAs) significantly reduced the establishment and growth of syngeneic, xenograft and carcinogen-induced breast cancer and, simultaneously decreased the levels of VEGF/VEGFR2, IL-1 and Notch. Inhibition of leptin-cytokine crosstalk might serve as a preventative or adjuvant measure to target breast cancer, particularly in obese women. This review is intended to present an update analysis of leptin actions in breast cancer, highlighting its crosstalk to inflammatory cytokines and growth factors essential for tumor development, angiogenesis and potential role in BCSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gale Newman
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, United States.
| | - Ruben Rene Gonzalez-Perez
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Surmacz E. Leptin and adiponectin: emerging therapeutic targets in breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2013; 18:321-32. [PMID: 24136336 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-013-9302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a recognized risk factor for breast cancer development and poorer response to therapy. Two major fat tissue-derived adipokines, leptin and adiponectin have been implicated in mammary carcinogenesis. Leptin appears to promote breast cancer progression through activation of mitogenic, antiapoptotic, and metastatic pathways, while adiponectin may restrict tumorigenic processes primarily by inhibiting cell metabolism. Furthermore, adiponectin is known to counteract detrimental leptin effects in breast cancer models. Thus, therapeutic inhibition of pro-neoplastic leptin pathways and reactivation of anti-neoplastic adiponectin signaling may benefit breast cancer patients, especially the obese subpopulation. This review focuses on current experimental strategies aiming at leptin and adiponectin pathways in breast cancer models. Novel leptin receptor antagonists and adiponectin receptor agonists as well as other compounds for therapeutic modulation of adipokine pathways are discussed in detail, including potential pharmacological advantages and limitations of these approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Surmacz
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, 1900 N12th Street, BioLife Bldg. Rm 425, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Role of adipokines and cytokines in obesity-associated breast cancer: therapeutic targets. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:503-13. [PMID: 24210902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is the cause of a large proportion of breast cancer incidences and mortality in post-menopausal women. In obese people, elevated levels of various growth factors such as insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are found. Elevated insulin level leads to increased secretion of estrogen by binding to the circulating sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). The increased estrogen-mediated downstream signaling favors breast carcinogenesis. Obesity leads to altered expression profiles of various adipokines and cytokines including leptin, adiponectin, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β. The increased levels of leptin and decreased adiponectin secretion are directly associated with breast cancer development. Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines within the tumor microenvironment promote tumor development. Efficacy of available breast cancer drugs against obesity-associated breast cancer is yet to be confirmed. In this review, we will discuss different adipokine- and cytokine-mediated molecular signaling pathways involved in obesity-associated breast cancer, available therapeutic strategies and potential therapeutic targets for obesity-associated breast cancer.
Collapse
|
66
|
Battle M, Gillespie C, Quarshie A, Lanier V, Harmon T, Wilson K, Torroella-Kouri M, Gonzalez-Perez RR. Obesity induced a leptin-Notch signaling axis in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1605-16. [PMID: 24114531 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether obesity induces a leptin-Notch signaling axis in breast cancer (BC), leptin-induced Notch was determined in human MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 and mouse E0771 cells and in E0771-BC hosted by syngeneic lean and diet-induced obesity (DIO) C57BL/6J female mice. Lean and DIO mice were treated for 3 weeks with leptin inhibitor (PEG-LPrA2) 1 week after the inoculation of E0771 cells. Leptin induced Notch1, 3 and 4 in BC cells, but Notch2 expression showed opposite pattern in MCF-7 compared to MDA-MB231 cells. Notch loss-of-function (DAPT and dominant negative [R218H] RBP-Jk [CSL/CBF1]) showed that a functional leptin-Notch signaling axis was involved in the proliferation and migration of E0771 cells. E0771-BC onset was affected by obesity (lean mice7/10 [70%] vs. DIO mice: 11/12 [92%]; Pearson χ(2) : p = 0.06]). PEG-LPrA2 significantly reduced BC growth (untreated: 19/42; [45%] vs. treated: 8/42 [19%]; Pearson χ(2) : p = 0.008). PEG-LPrA2 did not influence the caloric intake of mice but increased carcass and/or body weights of lean and DIO mice inoculated with E0771 cells, which could be related to the improvement of health conditions (less aggressive disease). Importantly, BC from obese mice had higher levels of Notch3, JAG1 and survivin than lean mice. Inhibition of leptin signaling reduced protein levels of Notch (NICD1, NICD4, Notch3, JAG1 and survivin) and significantly decreased mRNA expression of Notch receptors, ligands and targets. PEG-LPrA's effects were more prominent in DIO mice. Present data suggest that leptin induces Notch, which could be involved in the reported higher incidence and aggressiveness and, poor prognosis of BC in obese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Battle
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggests that angiogenic and pro-inflammatory cytokine leptin might be implicated in ocular neovascularization. However, the potential of inhibiting leptin function in ophthalmic cells has never been explored. Here we assessed mitogenic, angiogenic, and signaling leptin activities in retinal and corneal endothelial cells and examined the capability of a specific leptin receptor (ObR) antagonist, Allo-aca, to inhibit these functions. Methods and Results The experiments were carried out in monkey retinal (RF/6A) and bovine corneal (BCE) endothelial cells. Leptin at 50-250 ng/mL stimulated the growth of both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. The maximal mitogenic response (35±7 and 27±3% in RF6A and BCE cells, respectively) was noted at 24 h of 250 ng/mL leptin treatments. Leptin-dependent proliferation was reduced to base levels with 10 and 100 nM Allo-aca in BCE and RF6A cells, respectively. In both cell lines, leptin promoted angiogenic responses, with the maximal increase in tube formation (163±10 and 133±8% in RF6A and BCE cultures, respectively) observed under a 250 ng/mL leptin treatment for 3 h. Furthermore, in both cell lines 250 ng/mL leptin modulated the activity or expression of several signaling molecules involved in proliferation, inflammatory activity and angiogenesis, such as STAT3, Akt, and ERK1/2, COX2, and NFκB. In both cell lines, leptin-induced angiogenic and signaling responses were significantly inhibited with 100 nM Allo-aca. We also found that leptin increased its own mRNA and protein expression in both cell lines, and this autocrine effect was abolished by 100-250 nM Allo-aca. Conclusions Our data provide new insights into the role of leptin in ocular endothelial cells and represent the first original report on targeting ObR in ophthalmic cell models.
Collapse
|
68
|
Postprandial lipoproteins and the molecular regulation of vascular homeostasis. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:446-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
69
|
Leptin's Pro-Angiogenic Signature in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:1140-62. [PMID: 24202338 PMCID: PMC3795383 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5031140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is linked to increased incidence of breast cancer. The precise causes and mechanisms of these morbid relationships are unknown. Contradictory data on leptin angiogenic actions have been published. However, accumulating evidence would suggest that leptin’s pro-angiogenic effects in cancer play an essential role in the disease. Leptin, the main adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, is also abnormally expressed together with its receptor (OB-R) by breast cancer cells. Leptin induces proliferation and angiogenic differentiation of endothelial cells upregulates VEGF/VEGFR2 and transactivates VEGFR2 independent of VEGF. Leptin induces two angiogenic factors: IL-1 and Notch that can increase VEGF expression. Additionally, leptin induces the secretion and synthesis of proteases and adhesion molecules needed for the development of angiogenesis. Leptin’s paracrine actions can further affect stromal cells and tumor associated macrophages, which express OB-R and secrete VEGF and IL-1, respectively. A complex crosstalk between leptin, Notch and IL-1 (NILCO) that induces VEGF/VEGFR2 is found in breast cancer. Leptin actions in tumor angiogenesis could amplify, be redundant and/or compensatory to VEGF signaling. Current failure of breast cancer anti-angiogenic therapies emphasizes the necessity of targeting the contribution of other pro-angiogenic factors in breast cancer. Leptin’s impact on tumor angiogenesis could be a novel target for breast cancer, especially in obese patients. However, more research is needed to establish the importance of leptin in tumor angiogenesis. This review is focused on updated information on how leptin could contribute to tumor angiogenesis.
Collapse
|
70
|
Li YB, Wang ZQ, Yan X, Chen MW, Bao JL, Wu GS, Ge ZM, Zhou DM, Wang YT, Li RT. IC-4, a new irreversible EGFR inhibitor, exhibits prominent anti-tumor and anti-angiogenesis activities. Cancer Lett 2013; 340:88-96. [PMID: 23856030 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggested that the irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have potential to override the acquired resistance to target-based therapies. Herein, we reported IC-4 as a novel irreversible TKI for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). IC-4 potentially suppressed proliferation, induced apoptosis and a G2/M cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells, correlating with inhibition of EGF-induced EGFR activation, but independent of DNA damage. In addition, IC-4 exhibited anti-angiogenetic activities both in vitro and in vivo. It suppressed cell viability and proliferation induced by various growth factors in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). IC-4 also inhibited HUVECs migration and tube formation. In transgenic zebrafish embryo model, IC-4 was shown to suppress formation of intersegmental vessel and development of subintestinal vessels. Taken together, these results demonstrated that IC-4 is a new irreversible EGFR-TKI, exhibiting potent anti-breast cancer and anti-angiogenetic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Abstract
Numerous epidemiologic studies have implicated abdominal obesity as a major risk factor for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, stroke, metabolic syndrome and its further expression, i.e., nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and death. Using novel models of visceral obesity, several studies have demonstrated that the relationship between visceral fat and longevity is causal, while the accrual of subcutaneous fat does not appear to play an important role in the etiology of disease risk. The need of reducing the visceral fat to improve survival, mainly taking into account the strict link between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the coronary artery disease is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Finelli
- Center of Obesity and Eating Disorder, Stella Maris Mediterraneo Foundation Chiaromonte, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Gertler A, Solomon G. Leptin-activity blockers: development and potential use in experimental biology and medicine. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:873-82. [PMID: 24117254 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The first adipokine, leptin, discovered almost 20 years ago, is secreted into circulation mainly from adipose tissue and acts both centrally and peripherally. Leptin regulates energy metabolism, reproductive function, bone metabolism, and immune response. However in some physiological or pathological situations such as enhancement of undesired immune responses in autoimmune diseases, tumorigenesis, elevated blood pressure, and certain cardiovascular pathologies, leptin activity may be harmful. In this review we screen different approaches to blocking leptin action, in vitro and in vivo. The recent development of superactive leptin muteins exhibiting antagonistic properties, and other leptin-action-blocking peptides, proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and nanobodies, opens new perspectives for their use in research, and eventually, therapy for cachexia, autoimmune disease, cancer, and other pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arieh Gertler
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science, and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Clarkin CE, King AJ, Dhadda P, Chagastelles P, Nardi N, Wheeler-Jones CP, Jones PM. Activin receptor-like kinase 5 inhibition reverses impairment of endothelial cell viability by endogenous islet mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cells 2013; 31:547-59. [PMID: 23255220 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Following islet transplantation, islet graft revascularization is compromised due to loss of endothelial cells (ECs) during islet culture. TGF-β signaling pathways are essential for vascular homeostasis but their importance for islet EC function is unclear. We have identified a population of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) within islets and investigated how modulation of TGF-β signaling by these cells influences islet EC viability. Cultured islets exhibited reduced expression of EC markers (VEGFR2, VE-cadherin and CD31), which was associated with diminished but sustained expression of endoglin a marker of both ECs and MSCs. Double fluorescent labeling of islets in situ with the EC marker CD31 disclosed a population of CD31-negative cells which were positive for endoglin. In vitro coculture of microvascular ECs with endoglin-positive, CD31-negative islet MSCs reduced VEGFR2 protein expression, disrupted EC angiogenic behavior, and increased EC detachment. Medium conditioned by islet MSCs significantly decreased EC viability and increased EC caspase 3/7 activity. EC:MSC cocultures showed enhanced Smad2 phosphorylation consistent with altered ALK5 signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of ALK5 activity with SB431542 (SB) improved EC survival upon contact with MSCs, and SB-treated cultured islets retained EC marker expression and sensitivity to exogenous VEGF164 . Thus, endoglin-expressing islet MSCs influence EC ALK5 signaling in vitro, which decreases EC viability, and changes in ALK5 activity in whole cultured islets contribute to islet EC loss. Modifying TGF-β signaling may enable maintenance of islet ECs during islet isolation and thus improve islet graft revascularization post-transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Clarkin
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Tessier D, Ferraro Z, Gruslin A. Role of leptin in pregnancy: Consequences of maternal obesity. Placenta 2013; 34:205-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
75
|
Basu S, Nachat-Kappes R, Caldefie-Chézet F, Vasson MP. Eicosanoids and adipokines in breast cancer: from molecular mechanisms to clinical considerations. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:323-60. [PMID: 22746381 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is one of the foremost risk factors for different types of malignancies, including breast cancer. Additional risk factors of this pathology in postmenopausal women are weight gain, obesity, estrogen secretion, and an imbalance in the production of adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin. Various signaling products of transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappaB, in particular inflammatory eicosanoids, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cytokines, are thought to be involved in chronic inflammation-induced cancer. Together, these key components have an influence on inflammatory reactions in malignant tissue damage when their levels are deregulated endogenously. Prostaglandins (PGs) are well recognized in inflammation and cancer, and they are solely biosynthesized through cyclooxygenases (COXs) from arachidonic acid. Concurrently, ROS give rise to bioactive isoprostanes from arachidonic acid precursors that are also involved in acute and chronic inflammation, but their specific characteristics in breast cancer are less demonstrated. Higher aromatase activity, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme, is intimately connected to tumor growth in the breast through estrogen synthesis, and is interrelated to COXs that catalyze the formation of both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory PGs such as PGE(2), PGF(2α), PGD(2), and PGJ(2) synchronously under the influence of specific mediators and downstream enzymes. Some of the latter compounds upsurge the intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentration and appear to be associated with estrogen synthesis. This review discusses the role of COX- and ROS-catalyzed eicosanoids and adipokines in breast cancer, and therefore ranges from their molecular mechanisms to clinical aspects to understand the impact of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Basu
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, University of Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Wheeler-Jones CPD, Clarkin CE, Farrar CE, Dhadda P, Chagastelles P, Nardi N, Jones PM. Endoglin (CD105) is not a specific selection marker for endothelial cells in human islets of Langerhans. Diabetologia 2013; 56:222-4. [PMID: 23104640 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
77
|
Nachat-Kappes R, Pinel A, Combe K, Lamas B, Farges MC, Rossary A, Goncalves-Mendes N, Caldefie-Chezet F, Vasson MP, Basu S. Effects of enriched environment on COX-2, leptin and eicosanoids in a mouse model of breast cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51525. [PMID: 23272114 PMCID: PMC3521763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and adipokines have been implicated in breast cancer. This study investigated a possible link between COX-2 and adipokines in the development of mammary tumors. A model of environmental enrichment (EE), known to reduce tumor growth was used for a syngeneic murine model of mammary carcinoma. 3-week-old, female C57BL/6 mice were housed in standard environment (SE) or EE cages for 9 weeks and transplanted orthotopically with syngeneic EO771 adenocarcinoma cells into the right inguinal mammary fat pad. EE housing influenced mammary gland development with a decrease in COX-2 expressing cells and enhanced side-branching and advanced development of alveolar structures of the mammary gland. Tumor volume and weight were decreased in EE housed mice and were associated with a reduction in COX-2 and Ki67 levels, and an increase in caspase-3 levels. In tumors of SE mice, high COX-2 expression correlated with enhanced leptin detection. Non-tumor-bearing EE mice showed a significant increase in adiponectin levels but no change in those of leptin, F(2)-isoprostanes, PGF(2α), IL-6, TNF-α, PAI-1, and MCP-1 levels. Both tumor-bearing groups (SE and EE housing) had increased resistin, IL-6, TNF-α, PAI-1 and MCP-1 levels irrespective of the different housing environment demonstrating higher inflammatory response due to the presence of the tumor. This study demonstrates that EE housing influenced normal mammary gland development and inhibited mammary tumor growth resulting in a marked decrease in intratumoral COX-2 activity and an increase in the plasma ratio of adiponectin/leptin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachida Nachat-Kappes
- Chaire d’Excellence Program, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECRIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alexandre Pinel
- Chaire d’Excellence Program, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECRIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Kristell Combe
- Chaire d’Excellence Program, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECRIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Lamas
- Chaire d’Excellence Program, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECRIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Chantal Farges
- Chaire d’Excellence Program, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECRIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adrien Rossary
- Chaire d’Excellence Program, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECRIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Goncalves-Mendes
- Chaire d’Excellence Program, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECRIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chezet
- Chaire d’Excellence Program, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECRIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Paule Vasson
- Chaire d’Excellence Program, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECRIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Jean Perrin, Unité de Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Samar Basu
- Chaire d’Excellence Program, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Nutrition, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Equipe ECRIN, CLARA, CRNH Auvergne; INRA, UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Abstract
1. Leptin is a 16-kDa hormone, synthesized primarily by adipocyte, which acts as a key factor for maintenance of energy homeostasis in central and peripheral tissues. In most obese individuals, serum leptin levels are increased and correlate with the individual's body mass index. 2. Abundant investigations ranging from clinical and animal model studies to in vitro analyses show that leptin plays a pivotal role in obesity-related cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Hyperleptinaemia has been confirmed to be a predictor of acute cardiovascular events. However, some studies have shown that leptin has a cardioprotective effect in leptin-deficient models. These data suggest the influences of leptin on the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases are complex and not completely understood. 3. In the present review, we summarize the major leptin signalling pathways, including Janus-activated kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (Jak/STAT), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K) signalling pathways, and analyse the probable mechanisms of selective leptin resistance. We then provide a detailed review of the effects of leptin on the cardiovascular system, including sympathoactivation, oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, vascular cell proliferation, cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, as well as fatty acid metabolism, all of which contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (e.g. ischaemic heart disease). The central premise of this review is to elucidate the mechanisms by which leptin affects the cardiovascular function and provide insight into obesity-related CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangzhou institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou key laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, and Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Northcott JM, Yeganeh A, Taylor CG, Zahradka P, Wigle JT. Adipokines and the cardiovascular system: mechanisms mediating health and disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1029-59. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of adipokines in the maintenance of a healthy cardiovascular system, and the mechanisms by which these factors mediate the development of cardiovascular disease in obesity. Adipocytes are the major cell type comprising the adipose tissue. These cells secrete numerous factors, termed adipokines, into the blood, including adiponectin, leptin, resistin, chemerin, omentin, vaspin, and visfatin. Adipose tissue is a highly vascularised endocrine organ, and different adipose depots have distinct adipokine secretion profiles, which are altered with obesity. The ability of many adipokines to stimulate angiogenesis is crucial for adipose tissue expansion; however, excessive blood vessel growth is deleterious. As well, some adipokines induce inflammation, which promotes cardiovascular disease progression. We discuss how these 7 aforementioned adipokines act upon the various cardiovascular cell types (endothelial progenitor cells, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, pericytes, cardiomyocytes, and cardiac fibroblasts), the direct effects of these actions, and their overall impact on the cardiovascular system. These were chosen, as these adipokines are secreted predominantly from adipocytes and have known effects on cardiovascular cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josette M. Northcott
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Azadeh Yeganeh
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Carla G. Taylor
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Peter Zahradka
- Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T. Wigle
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E OJ9, Canada
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Discovery of novel sulfonated small molecules that inhibit vascular tube formation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4467-70. [PMID: 22627041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated angiogenesis is a complex process that involves the interplay among several molecular players such as cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, vascular endothelial growth factors and their cognate receptors. PI-88, a highly sulfonated oligosaccharide, has been shown to have potent anti-angiogenic activity and is currently in clinical trials. However, one of the major drawbacks of large oligosaccharides such as PI-88 is that their synthesis often requires numerous complex synthetic steps. In this study, several novel polysulfonated small molecule carbohydrate mimetics, which can easily be synthesized in fewer steps, are identified as promising inhibitors of angiogenesis in an in vitro tube formation assay.
Collapse
|
81
|
Guo S, Liu M, Wang G, Torroella-Kouri M, Gonzalez-Perez RR. Oncogenic role and therapeutic target of leptin signaling in breast cancer and cancer stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2012; 1825:207-22. [PMID: 22289780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significant correlations between obesity and incidence of various cancers have been reported. Obesity, considered a mild inflammatory process, is characterized by a high level of secretion of several cytokines from adipose tissue. These molecules have disparate effects, which could be relevant to cancer development. Among the inflammatory molecules, leptin, mainly produced by adipose tissue and overexpressed with its receptor (Ob-R) in cancer cells is the most studied adipokine. Mutations of leptin or Ob-R genes associated with obesity or cancer are rarely found. However, leptin is an anti-apoptotic molecule in many cell types, and its central roles in obesity-related cancers are based on its pro-angiogenic, pro-inflammatory and mitogenic actions. Notably, these leptin actions are commonly reinforced through entangled crosstalk with multiple oncogenes, cytokines and growth factors. Leptin-induced signals comprise several pathways commonly triggered by many cytokines (i.e., canonical: JAK2/STAT; MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI-3K/AKT1 and, non-canonical signaling pathways: PKC, JNK and p38 MAP kinase). Each of these leptin-induced signals is essential to its biological effects on food intake, energy balance, adiposity, immune and endocrine systems, as well as oncogenesis. This review is mainly focused on the current knowledge of the oncogenic role of leptin in breast cancer. Additionally, leptin pro-angiogenic molecular mechanisms and its potential role in breast cancer stem cells will be reviewed. Strict biunivocal binding-affinity and activation of leptin/Ob-R complex makes it a unique molecular target for prevention and treatment of breast cancer, particularly in obesity contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanchun Guo
- Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
Oncogenic role and therapeutic target of leptin signaling in breast cancer and cancer stem cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012. [PMID: 22289780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2012.01.002.oncogenic] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Significant correlations between obesity and incidence of various cancers have been reported. Obesity, considered a mild inflammatory process, is characterized by a high level of secretion of several cytokines from adipose tissue. These molecules have disparate effects, which could be relevant to cancer development. Among the inflammatory molecules, leptin, mainly produced by adipose tissue and overexpressed with its receptor (Ob-R) in cancer cells is the most studied adipokine. Mutations of leptin or Ob-R genes associated with obesity or cancer are rarely found. However, leptin is an anti-apoptotic molecule in many cell types, and its central roles in obesity-related cancers are based on its pro-angiogenic, pro-inflammatory and mitogenic actions. Notably, these leptin actions are commonly reinforced through entangled crosstalk with multiple oncogenes, cytokines and growth factors. Leptin-induced signals comprise several pathways commonly triggered by many cytokines (i.e., canonical: JAK2/STAT; MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI-3K/AKT1 and, non-canonical signaling pathways: PKC, JNK and p38 MAP kinase). Each of these leptin-induced signals is essential to its biological effects on food intake, energy balance, adiposity, immune and endocrine systems, as well as oncogenesis. This review is mainly focused on the current knowledge of the oncogenic role of leptin in breast cancer. Additionally, leptin pro-angiogenic molecular mechanisms and its potential role in breast cancer stem cells will be reviewed. Strict biunivocal binding-affinity and activation of leptin/Ob-R complex makes it a unique molecular target for prevention and treatment of breast cancer, particularly in obesity contexts.
Collapse
|
83
|
Loyd CM, Diaconu D, Fu W, Adams GN, Brandt E, Knutsen DA, Wolfram JA, McCormick TS, Ward NL. Transgenic overexpression of keratinocyte-specific VEGF and Ang1 in combination promotes wound healing under nondiabetic but not diabetic conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2012; 5:1-11. [PMID: 22295141 PMCID: PMC3267480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
VEGF and Angiopoietin (Ang)1 are growth factors that independently improve wound healing outcomes. Using a tet-repressible mouse model coupled with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, we examined wound healing in diabetic and nondiabetic mice engineered to overexpress keratinocyte-specific (K5) VEGF, Ang1 or Ang1-VEGF combined. All nondiabetic mice healed more rapidly than their diabetic counterparts; however overexpression of VEGF, Ang1 or the combination failed to improve wound closure under diabetic conditions. Conversely, under nondiabetic conditions, combining Ang1 and VEGF resulted in rapid wound closure. Molecular analyses of diabetic and nondiabetic K5-Ang1-VEGF skin revealed no differences in VEGF expression but an 80% decrease in Ang1 under diabetic conditions, suggesting an integral role for Ang1. Nondiabetic K5-Ang1 mice healed more quickly and had significant increases in granulation tissue and a 60% decrease in re-epithelialization 7 days after wounding. Furthermore, Ang1 stimulated primary mouse keratinocytes showed significantly less migration into a wound bed in an in vitro wound healing bioassay and had decreased pMAPK, pNFκB, pAkt, and pStat3 signaling. These data suggest that combined Ang1-VEGF overexpression cannot overcome diabetes-induced delays in wound healing but is efficacious under nondiabetic conditions possibly via Ang1-mediated delays in re-epithelialization and enhancement of granulation tissue formation, thereby allowing more rapid secondary intention healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Candace M Loyd
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Abstract
Leptin is a well-known mediator of obesity. Leptin and its receptor are overexpressed in breast cancer, especially in high-grade tumors. It has an association with progression and poor survival of breast cancer. Leptin can regulate endothelial cell proliferation and promote angiogenesis. There are several other factors such as insulin and HER2 may be involved in the relationship between leptin and breast cancer. Leptin system has emerged as a new and promising therapeutic target for breast cancer. This review article summarizes the current knowledge about the relation of leptin and breast cancer.
Collapse
|
85
|
Guo S, Gonzalez-Perez RR. Notch, IL-1 and leptin crosstalk outcome (NILCO) is critical for leptin-induced proliferation, migration and VEGF/VEGFR-2 expression in breast cancer. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21467. [PMID: 21731759 PMCID: PMC3121792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of pro-angiogenic factors, leptin, IL-1, Notch and VEGF (ligands and receptors), are found in breast cancer, which is commonly correlated with metastasis and lower survival of patients. We have previously reported that leptin induces the growth of breast cancer and the expression of VEGF/VEGFR-2 and IL-1 system. We hypothesized that Notch, IL-1 and leptin crosstalk outcome (NILCO) plays an essential role in the regulation of leptin-mediated induction of proliferation/migration and expression of pro-angiogenic molecules in breast cancer. To test this hypothesis, leptin's effects on the expression and activation of Notch signaling pathway and VEGF/VEGFR-2/IL-1 were determined in mouse (4T1, EMT6 and MMT) breast cancer cells. Remarkably, leptin up-regulated Notch1-4/JAG1/Dll-4, Notch target genes: Hey2 and survivin, together with IL-1 and VEGF/VEGFR-2. RNA knockdown and pharmacological inhibitors of leptin signaling significantly abrogated activity of reporter gene-luciferase CSL (RBP-Jk) promoter, showing that it was linked to leptin-activated JAK2/STAT3, MAPK, PI-3K/mTOR, p38 and JNK signaling pathways. Interestingly, leptin upregulatory effects on cell proliferation/migration and pro-angiogenic factors Notch, IL-1 and VEGF/VEGFR-2 were abrogated by a γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT, as well as siRNA against CSL. In addition, blockade of IL-1R tI inhibited leptin-induced Notch, Hey2 and survivin as well as VEGF/VEGFR-2 expression. These data suggest leptin is an inducer of Notch (expression/activation) and IL-1 signaling modulates leptin effects on Notch and VEGF/VEGFR-2. We show for the first time that a novel unveiled crosstalk between Notch, IL-1 and leptin (NILCO) occurs in breast cancer. Leptin induction of proliferation/migration and upregulation of VEGF/VEGFR-2 in breast cancer cells were related to an intact Notch signaling axis. NILCO could represent the integration of developmental, pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic signals critical for leptin-induced cell proliferation/migration and regulation of VEGF/VEGFR-2 in breast cancer. Targeting NILCO might help to design new pharmacological strategies aimed at controlling breast cancer growth and angiogenesis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/metabolism
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/genetics
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/metabolism
- Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Leptin/metabolism
- Leptin/pharmacology
- Ligands
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mice
- Models, Biological
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Notch/genetics
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Survivin
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanchun Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ruben R. Gonzalez-Perez
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|