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Truong D, Ta NTA, Pham TV, Huynh TD, Do QTG, Dinh NCG, Dang CD, Nguyen TKC, Bui AV. Effects of solvent-solvent fractionation on the total terpenoid content and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Serevenia buxifolia bark extract. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1720-1735. [PMID: 33747483 PMCID: PMC7958534 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severinia buxifolia (Rutaceae) is often used as a traditional medical plant. The present study was carried out to estimate the effects of solvents (petroleum ether and hexane: ethyl acetate) used in liquid-liquid extraction to total terpenoid content (TTC) and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts obtained from S. buxifolia bark. The results showed that solvent fractionation increased the TTC compared with crude extracts. The hexane: ethyl acetate bark extract fraction (HEF) had the highest TTC (731.48 µg/ml) in comparison with the petroleum ether bark extract fraction (PEF) (564.81 µg/ml) and the crude extract (CE) (184.26 µg/ml). In addition, one of composition of terpenoid of S. buxifolia, namely ursolic acid, was determined by HPLC method from the crude CE and the fractions PEF and HEF: 2.44 μg/g DW, 3.56 μg/g DW and 5.04 μg/g DW, respectively. The samples had an in vitro anti-inflammatory activity comparable with that of two reference standards (aspirin and indomethacin). Particularly, the HEF fraction had the highest in vitro anti-inflammatory activity (i.e., albumin denaturation: IC50 = 147.91 μg/mL, heat-induced hemolysis: IC50 = 159.91 μg/mL, proteinase inhibition: IC50 = 117.72 μg/mL, and lipoxygenase activity: IC50 = 90.45 μg/mL). Besides, the preliminary experiments of this study were conducted to determine the influences of maceration factors (solvent type, temperature, and time) for S. buxifolia bark extract. The TTC ranged from 453.70 to 842.59 mg linalool/g DW, and the extraction yield from 2.40% to 5.120% in all extracts. Based on TTC and EY, the hexane: acetone mixture is recommended as the optimal solvent to obtain the crude bark extract (CE) at 46°C for 24 hr of maceration. Extracts of S. buxifolia bark are a promising source for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieu‐Hien Truong
- Faculty of Applied SciencesTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Nhat Thuy Anh Ta
- Faculty of Applied SciencesTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Thanh Vy Pham
- Faculty of Applied SciencesTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Tan Dat Huynh
- Faculty of Applied SciencesTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | | | | | - Cong Danh Dang
- Faculty of Applied SciencesTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Thi Kim Chi Nguyen
- Faculty of Applied SciencesTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Anh Vo Bui
- Faculty of Applied SciencesTon Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
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Zhang JZ, Chen XY, Wu YJ, Li LM, Huang L, Yin QZ, Luo P, Liu Y. Identification of Active Compounds From Yi Nationality Herbal Formula Wosi Influencing COX-2 and VCAM-1 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:568585. [PMID: 33442381 PMCID: PMC7797783 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.568585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Yi nationality herbal formula Wosi is used in China as a folk medicine to treat arthritis and related diseases. Despite its widespread use, the active ingredients, and pharmacological mechanisms are not performed. This is the first time to identify the active compounds from Wosi with the aim at providing the potential effect of Wosi and exploring its underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism in monosodium urate crystals (MSU)-induced arthritis rats. In this study, anti-hyperuricemia effect was assessed by reducing the serum uric acid levels and increasing uric acid excretion in the urine for the hyperuricemia rat model. Wosi significantly suppressed the degree of joint swelling and improved the symptoms of inflammation induced by MSU crystals. The inhibition of IL-2, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-6 secretion and IL-10 increase in the serum were also observed. This study also focuses on the screening of the main compounds from Wosi against cyclooxygenase for anti-inflammatory properties using molecular docking. The result showed 3-O-[α-L-pyran rhamnose(1-3)-β-D-pyran glucuronic acid]- oleanolic acid, 3-O-(β-D-pyran glucuronic acid)-oleanolic acid-28-O-β-D-pyran glucoside, and 3-O-[α-L-pyran rhamnose(1-3)-β-D-pyran glucuronic acid]-oleanolic acid-28-O-β-D-pyran glucoside with a higher binding affinity for COX-2 than COX-1 which indicated relatively higher interaction than COX-1. The preferential selectivity toward inhibiting COX-2 enzyme over COX-1 of three compounds from Wosi were evaluated using in-vitro cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 (COX-1/2) inhibition assays. Meanwhile, the down-regulated protein expression of COX-2 and VCAM-1 in synovial tissue sections from ankle joints of experiments rats were confirmed by immunohistochemistry analysis after the Wosi treatment. In conclusion, three oleanolic acid glycosides were implied as mainly efficient compounds in Yi nationality herbal formula Wosi for arthritis therapy via selectively influencing COX-2 and VCAM-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Zhong Zhang
- Institute of Ethnic Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - You-Jiao Wu
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Li-Min Li
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Huang
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Institute of Ethnic Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Provincial Qiang-Yi Medicinal Resources Protection and Utilization Technology and Engineering Laboratory, Chengdu, China
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Morgan HJN, Delgado AQ, Saldanha LL, Camaforte NADP, Dokkedal AL, Bosqueiro JR. Vochysia tucanorum Mart. butanol fraction presents antitumoral activity in vivo and prevents the installation of cachexia in solid Ehrlich tumor model. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:20. [PMID: 33413302 PMCID: PMC7791751 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is a multifactorial disease caused by uncontrolled proliferation of cells. About 50–80% of cancer patients develop cachexia, a complex metabolic syndrome associated with an increase of mortality and morbidity. However, there are no effective therapies in medical clinic for cancer cachexia. Vochysia tucanorum Mart. is a common three of the Brazilian “Cerrado”. The butanolic fraction of V. tucanorum (Fr-BuVt), very rich in triterpenes with various biological activities, might be interesting in being tested in cancer cachexia syndrome. Hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate the antitumoral activity of Fr-BuVt and its potential against cachexia development. Methods Ehrlich tumor was used as model of cancer cachexia. Ascitic Ehrlich tumor cells were collected, processed and inoculated subcutaneously in saline solution (1 × 107/100 μl; ≥95% viability) for the obtention of solid Ehrlich carcinoma. After inoculation, solid Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice were treated by 14 consecutive days by gavage with Fr-BuVt (200 mg/kg). Body weight and tumor volume were measure during the treatment period. Tumors were removed, weighed and properly processed to measure the content and phosphorylation levels of key-proteins involved to apoptotic and proliferation process by Western Blot. Muscles and adipose tissues were removed for weighed. Serum was collected to cytokines levels and energetic blood markers measurements. Results The treatment with the Fr-BuVt (200 mg/kg, 14 days) decreased the solid Ehrlich tumor volume and weight besides increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins caspase-3 and BAX, but also decreased the expression of the proteins involved in proliferation NFκB, mTOR and ERK. In addition, our data shows that the administration of Fr-BuVt was able to prevent the installation of cancer cachexia in Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice, since prevented the loss of body weight, as well as the loss of muscle and adipose tissue. Moreover, an improvement in some blood parameters such as decrease in cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 levels is observed. Conclusions The study revealed that Fr-BuVt has antitumoral activity and prevent installation of cancer cachexia in Ehrlich model. Therefore, Fr-BuVt may represent an alternative treatment for cancer cachexia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-020-03190-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Jorge Novaes Morgan
- Laboratory of Metabolism Control, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of Physiology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aislan Quintiliano Delgado
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas Physiology, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube 14-01, Bauru, São Paulo, Postal Code: 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Luiz Leonardo Saldanha
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, State of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Aparecida De Paula Camaforte
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas Physiology, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube 14-01, Bauru, São Paulo, Postal Code: 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Anne Lígia Dokkedal
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, State of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Bosqueiro
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas Physiology, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube 14-01, Bauru, São Paulo, Postal Code: 17033-360, Brazil.
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Jaffal S, Oran S, Alsalem M. Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic potential of Arbutus andrachne L. methanolic leaf extract in rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.328056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Yousefi H, Mashouri L, Okpechi SC, Alahari N, Alahari SK. Repurposing existing drugs for the treatment of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 infection: A review describing drug mechanisms of action. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 183:114296. [PMID: 33191206 PMCID: PMC7581400 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a major public health concern across the globe. SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh coronavirus that is known to cause human disease. As of September 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has been reported in 213 countries and more than 31 million cases have been confirmed, with an estimated mortality rate of ∼3%. Unfortunately, a drug or vaccine is yet to be discovered to treat COVID-19. Thus, repurposing of existing cancer drugs will be a novel approach in treating COVID-19 patients. These drugs target viral replication cycle, viral entry and translocation to the nucleus. Some can enhance innate antiviral immune response as well. Hence this review focuses on comprehensive list of 22 drugs that work against COVID-19 infection. These drugs include fingolimod, colchicine, N4-hydroxycytidine, remdesivir, methylprednisone, oseltamivir, icatibant, perphanizine, viracept, emetine, homoharringtonine, aloxistatin, ribavirin, valrubicin, famotidine, almitrine, amprenavir, hesperidin, biorobin, cromolyn sodium, and antibodies- tocilzumab and sarilumab. Also, we provide a list of 31 drugs that are predicted to function against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In summary, we provide succinct overview of various therapeutic modalities. Among these 53 drugs, based on various clinical trials and literature, remdesivir, nelfinavir, methylpredinosolone, colchicine, famotidine and emetine may be used for COVID-19. SIGNIFICANCE: It is of utmost important priority to develop novel therapies for COVID-19. Since the effect of SARS-CoV-2 is so severe, slowing the spread of diseases will help the health care system, especially the number of visits to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of any country. Several clinical trials are in works around the globe. Moreover, NCI developed a recent and robust response to COVID-19 pandemic. One of the NCI's goals is to screen cancer related drugs for identification of new therapies for COVID-19. https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2020/covid-19-cancer-nci-response?cid=eb_govdel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ladan Mashouri
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AK, USA
| | - Samuel C Okpechi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nikhilesh Alahari
- Department of Biological Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Suresh K Alahari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Stanley Scott Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Yuandani, Nugraha SE, Laila L, Satria D. Immunomodulatory effects of standardized extract of Curcuma mangga val. on cytokines, antibody and delayed-type hypersensitivity response in Wistar rats. Res Pharm Sci 2020; 16:16-25. [PMID: 33953771 PMCID: PMC8074802 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.305185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Recently, we have highlighted the immunomodulatory activity of Curcuma mangga Val. on phagocytosis ability. The current study was conducted to determine the immunomodulatory effects of the standardized extract of C. mangga rhizomes by in vitro and in vivo studies. Experimental approach: The C. mangga extract was standardized according to a guideline for herbal preparation. The extract was investigated for its immunomodulatory effects on gene expression of cytokines, cytokines and antibody production as well as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. The gene expression of cytokines on lipopolysaccharide-induced-RAW 264.7 cells was analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The effect of the extract on DTH response was investigated by the paw edema method, meanwhile the effects of the extract on antibody and cytokine production from normal and cyclophosphamide-induced Salmonella typhimurium infected rats were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Findings/Results: The extract of C. mangga demonstrated an inhibitory effect on gene expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 as compared to lipopolysaccharide-induced cells. The extract also depicted inhibitory activity on IL-4 production as compared to the negative control. Whereas, the DTH response and production of immunoglobulin G from both groups after treatment with C. mangga extract were higher than those of negative control (P < 0.05). Conclusion and implications: The results indicated that the C. mangga extract has immunomodulatory effects, emphasizing its potential to be developed as immunotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.,Centre of Excellence for Chitosan and Advanced Materials, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Sony Eka Nugraha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Lia Laila
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Denny Satria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
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Albuquerque RDDG, Oliveira AP, Ferreira C, Passos CLA, Fialho E, Soares DC, Amaral VF, Bezerra GB, Esteves RS, Santos MG, Albert ALM, Rocha L. Anti-Leishmania amazonensis activity of the terpenoid fraction from Eugenia pruniformis leaves. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20201181. [PMID: 33295583 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020201181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania and includes cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral clinical forms. Drugs currently available for leishmaniasis treatment present high toxicity, and development of parasite resistance. Plants constitute an important source of compounds with leishmanicidal potential. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-Leishmania amazonensis activity of the terpenoid fraction of Eugenia pruniformis leaves (TF-EpL). TF-EpL was active against the promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms of L. amazonensis with IC50(24h) value of 43.60μg/mL and 44.77μg/mL, respectively. TF-EpL altered the cell cycle of the parasite, increasing 2.32-fold the cells in the Sub-G0/G1 phase. TF-EpL also changed the ΔΨm and increased ROS and the number of annexin-V-PI positive promastigotes, which suggests incidental death. β-sitosterol, ursolic acid, corosolic acid and asiatic acid were isolated from TF-EpL. The results showed the antileishmanial activity of E. pruniformis terpenoids and its potential for further studies as a source of new drugs for leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo D D G Albuquerque
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Laboratório de Tecnologia de Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Farmácia, Rua Dr. Mário Vianna, 523, Santa Rosa, 24241-000 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana P Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christian Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos L A Passos
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliane Fialho
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Alimentos Funcionais, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Deivid C Soares
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia das Leishmanioses, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Veronica F Amaral
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Imunobiologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Centro, 24020-140 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle B Bezerra
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Imunobiologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, Centro, 24020-140 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo S Esteves
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Laboratório de Tecnologia de Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Farmácia, Rua Dr. Mário Vianna, 523, Santa Rosa, 24241-000 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo G Santos
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Ciências, Faculdade de Formação de Professores, Rua Dr. Francisco Portela, 1470, Patronato, 24435-005 São Gonçalo, RJ, Brazil
| | - AndrÉ L M Albert
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21041-361 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro Rocha
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Laboratório de Tecnologia de Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Farmácia, Rua Dr. Mário Vianna, 523, Santa Rosa, 24241-000 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Feng B, Zhu Y, Yan L, Yan H, Huang X, Jiang D, Li Z, Hua L, Zhuo Y, Fang Z, Che L, Lin Y, Xu S, Huang C, Zou Y, Li L, Wu D. Ursolic acid induces the production of IL6 and chemokines in both adipocytes and adipose tissue. Adipocyte 2020; 9:523-534. [PMID: 32876525 PMCID: PMC7714451 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1814545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation plays an important role in the regulation of glucose and lipids metabolism. It is unknown whether Ursolic acid (UA) could regulate adipose tissue inflammation, though it can regulate inflammation in many other tissues. In this study, 3T3-L1 adipocytes, DIO mice and lean mice were treated with UA or vehicle. Gene expression of inflammatory factors, chemokines and immune markers in adipocytes and adipose tissue, cytokines in cell culture medium and serum, and inflammation regulatory pathways in adipocytes were detected. Results showed that UA increased the expression of interleukins and chemokines, but not TNFα, in both adipocytes and adipose tissue. IL6 and MCP1 levels in the cell culture medium and mouse serum were induced by UA treatment. Cd14 expression level and number of CD14+ monocytes were higher in UA treated adipose tissue than those in the control group. Glucose tolerance test was impaired by UA treatment in DIO mice. Mechanistically, UA induced the expression of Tlr4 and the phosphorylation levels of ERK and NFκB in adipocytes. In conclusion, our study indicated that short-term UA administration could induce CD14+ monocytes infiltration by increasing the production of interleukins and chemokines in mouse adipose tissue, which might further impair glucose tolerance test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingguo Zhu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijun Yan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lun Hua
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lixia Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Sun Q, He M, Zhang M, Zeng S, Chen L, Zhou L, Xu H. Ursolic acid: A systematic review of its pharmacology, toxicity and rethink on its pharmacokinetics based on PK-PD model. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104735. [PMID: 33010369 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid compound existing in various traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, and it possesses diverse pharmacological actions and some undesirable adverse effects, even toxicological activities. Due to UA's low solubility and poor bioavailability, and its interaction with gut microbiota after oral administration, the pharmacokinetics of UA remain elusive, leading to obscurity in the pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) profile and relationship for UA. Based on literatures from PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library, with keywords of "pharmacology", "toxicology", "pharmacokinetics", "PK-PD" and "ursolic acid", herein we systematically review the pharmacology and toxicity of UA, and rethink on its pharmacokinetics on the basis of PK-PD model, and seek to delineate the underlying mechanisms for the characteristics of pharmacology and toxicology of UA, and for the pharmacokinetic features of UA particularly from the organ tropism and the interactions between UA and gut microbiota, and lay a solid foundation for development of UA-derived therapeutic agents in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Man He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Sha Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Islam SU, Ahmed MB, Ahsan H, Islam M, Shehzad A, Sonn JK, Lee YS. An Update on the Role of Dietary Phytochemicals in Human Skin Cancer: New Insights into Molecular Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E916. [PMID: 32993035 PMCID: PMC7600476 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin is continuously subjected to environmental stresses, as well as extrinsic and intrinsic noxious agents. Although skin adopts various molecular mechanisms to maintain homeostasis, excessive and repeated stresses can overwhelm these systems, leading to serious cutaneous damage, including both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Phytochemicals present in the diet possess the desirable effects of protecting the skin from damaging free radicals as well as other benefits. Dietary phytochemicals appear to be effective in preventing skin cancer and are inexpensive, widely available, and well tolerated. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-angiogenic characteristics of dietary phytochemicals against skin malignancy. Moreover, dietary phytochemicals affect multiple important cellular processes including cell cycle, angiogenesis, and metastasis to control skin cancer progression. Herein, we discuss the advantages of key dietary phytochemicals in whole fruits and vegetables, their bioavailability, and underlying molecular mechanisms for preventing skin cancer. Current challenges and future prospects for research are also reviewed. To date, most of the chemoprevention investigations have been conducted preclinically, and additional clinical trials are required to conform and validate the preclinical results in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ul Islam
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.U.I.); (M.B.A.); (H.A.); (J.K.S.)
| | - Muhammad Bilal Ahmed
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.U.I.); (M.B.A.); (H.A.); (J.K.S.)
| | - Haseeb Ahsan
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.U.I.); (M.B.A.); (H.A.); (J.K.S.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Mazharul Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah 2509, Oman;
| | - Adeeb Shehzad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jong Kyung Sonn
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.U.I.); (M.B.A.); (H.A.); (J.K.S.)
| | - Young Sup Lee
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.U.I.); (M.B.A.); (H.A.); (J.K.S.)
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Effect of Rosa laevigata on PM10-Induced Inflammatory Response of Human Lung Epithelial Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2893609. [PMID: 32963561 PMCID: PMC7492937 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2893609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter 10 (PM10) with a diameter of less than 10 mm causes inflammation and allergic reactions in the airways and lungs, which adversely affects asthmatic patients. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effects of Rosa laevigata (RL), which has been previously investigated medicinally in Korea and China for the discovery of plant-derived anti-inflammatory agents with low side effects, using a PM10-induced lung inflammatory disease model. Using MTT assay, we confirmed that in A549 cells pretreated with RL, cytotoxicity induced by PM10 (100 μg/mL) exposure was attenuated. In addition, western blotting revealed that RL suppressed the expression level of MAPK/NF-κB pathways and its downstream signal, COX-2 in PM10-induced A549 cells. Moreover, real-time PCR demonstrated that RL downregulated the mRNA expression level of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-13, and IL-17) in PM10-induced A549 cells. Based on the results of this study, RL has been shown to relieve inflammation in the lungs due to PM10 exposure. Therefore, RL may be developed as a natural remedy for respiratory diseases caused by PM10 exposure.
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Shahzadi I, Ali Z, Bukhari S, Narula AS, Mirza B, Mohammadinejad R. Possible applications of salvianolic acid B against different cancers. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2020; 1:218-238. [PMID: 36046777 PMCID: PMC9400738 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2020.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second death causing disease worldwide after cardiovascular abnormalities. The difficulty in treating tumor cells with more precise targeted interventions and recurrence of cancer after treatment may pose great difficulty in developing sustainable therapeutic regimens. These limitations have prompted the need to explore several compounds with ability to cease tumor growth while at the same time induce apoptosis of tumor cells. Several studies have emphasized the use of natural compounds as antitumor agents due to their high efficacy against cancer cells and low toxicity in normal cells. Salvianolic acid B (SAB), a naturally occurring phenolic compound extracted from the radix of Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza can induce apoptosis in different types of tumor cells. It can be used to treat cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, hepatic fibrosis, and cancers. Several studies have shown that SAB can mitigate tumorigenesis by modulating MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and NF-ĸB signaling pathways. It also sensitizes the tumor cells to different anti-cancer agents by reversing the multi-drug resistance mechanisms found in tumor cells. This review summarizes the studies showing antitumor potential of SAB in different types of cancer cell lines, animal models and highlights the possible mechanisms through which SAB can induce apoptosis, inhibit growth and metastasis in tumor cells. Moreover, the possible role of nano-technological approaches to induce targeted delivery of SAB to eradicate tumor cells has been also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Shahzadi
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zain Ali
- Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Bukhari
- Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Naula Research, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | | | - Bushra Mirza
- Plant Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Quaid i Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran
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Khwaza V, Oyedeji OO, Aderibigbe BA. Ursolic Acid-Based Derivatives as Potential Anti-Cancer Agents: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5920. [PMID: 32824664 PMCID: PMC7460570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid is a pharmacologically active pentacyclic triterpenoid derived from medicinal plants, fruit, and vegetables. The pharmacological activities of ursolic acid have been extensively studied over the past few years and various reports have revealed that ursolic acid has multiple biological activities, which include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, etc. In terms of cancer treatment, ursolic acid interacts with a number of molecular targets that play an essential role in many cell signaling pathways. It suppresses transformation, inhibits proliferation, and induces apoptosis of tumor cells. Although ursolic acid has many benefits, its therapeutic applications in clinical medicine are limited by its poor bioavailability and absorption. To overcome such disadvantages, researchers around the globe have designed and developed synthetic ursolic acid derivatives with enhanced therapeutic effects by structurally modifying the parent skeleton of ursolic acid. These structurally modified compounds display enhanced therapeutic effects when compared to ursolic acid. This present review summarizes various synthesized derivatives of ursolic acid with anti-cancer activity which were reported from 2015 to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Blessing A. Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa; (V.K.); (O.O.O.)
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Peshattiwar V, Muke S, Kaikini A, Bagle S, Dighe V, Sathaye S. Mechanistic evaluation of Ursolic acid against rotenone induced Parkinson's disease- emphasizing the role of mitochondrial biogenesis. Brain Res Bull 2020; 160:150-161. [PMID: 32147532 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age associated, progressive and a second most common neurodegenerative disease. It is caused due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra (SN). Various studies implicate mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, altered degradation of misfolded proteins in PD pathogenesis. Ursolic acid (UA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid, is reported to possess a number of biological activities viz. anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory etc. The focus of our study was to assess the neuroprotective potential of UA against the rotenone induced pathophysiological alterations. In this study rats were subjected to stereotaxic bilateral injection of rotenone (12 μg/μl) in SN. Further, they were treated per-orally with UA (5 and 10 mg/kg) for 30 days. During the study, neurobehavioral tests comprising Rota-rod, Open field and Barnes maze (BMT) were conducted. At the end of 30 days, the antioxidant (Reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation), inflammatory (TNF-α) parameters, mitochondrial complex I, mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) and immunohistochemical analysis (TH positive neurons, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)) was performed. The results exhibited significant amelioration in the motor deficits by UA which can be attributed to the protection of TH positive neurons from degeneration. A significant improvement in the cognitive function due to UA was observed in BMT. Biochemically, the oxidative stress and inflammation triggered by rotenone was significantly diminished by UA. It also significantly obviated the complex I inhibition and promoted MB. The preliminary results thus firmly advocate the neuroprotective potential of UA to prevent rotenone induced neurotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhavi Peshattiwar
- A-252, Pharmacology Lab II, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Suraj Muke
- A-252, Pharmacology Lab II, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Aakruti Kaikini
- A-252, Pharmacology Lab II, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Sneha Bagle
- A-252, Pharmacology Lab II, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Vikas Dighe
- National Centre for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400 012, India
| | - Sadhana Sathaye
- A-252, Pharmacology Lab II, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India.
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Silva AM, Martins-Gomes C, Souto EB, Schäfer J, Santos JA, Bunzel M, Nunes FM. Thymus zygis subsp. zygis an Endemic Portuguese Plant: Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant, Anti-Proliferative and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060482. [PMID: 32503184 PMCID: PMC7346176 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymus zygis subsp. zygis is an endemic Portuguese plant belonging to the Thymus zygis species. Although T. zygis is commonly used as a condiment and as a medicinal herb, a detailed description of the polyphenol composition of hydroethanolic (HE) and aqueous decoction (AD) extracts is not available. In this work, we describe for the first time a detailed phenolic composition of Thymus zygis subsp. zygis HE and AD extracts, together with their antioxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. Unlike other Thymus species, T. zygis subsp. zygis extracts contain higher amounts of luteolin-(?)-O-hexoside. However, the major phenolic compound is rosmarinic acid, and high amounts of salvianolic acids K and I were also detected. T. zygis subsp. zygis extracts exhibited significant scavenging activity of ABTS+, hydroxyl (•OH), and nitric oxide (NO) radicals. Regarding the anti-proliferative/cytotoxic effect, tested against Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, the AD extract only slightly reduced cell viability at higher concentrations (IC50 > 600 µg/mL, 48 h exposure), denoting very low toxicity, while the HE extract showed a high anti-proliferative effect, especially at 48 h exposure (IC50 of 85.01 ± 15.10 μg/mL and 82.19 ± 2.46 μg/mL, for Caco-2 and HepG2, respectively). At non-cytotoxic concentrations, both extracts reduced the nitric oxide (NO) release by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells (at 50 μg/mL, HE and AD extracts inhibited NO release in ~89% and 48%, respectively). In conclusion, the results highlight the non-toxic effect of aqueous extracts, both resembling the consumption of antioxidants in foodstuff or in functional food. Furthermore, the HE extract of T. zygis subsp. zygis is a source of promising molecules with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, highlighting its potential as a source of bioactive ingredients for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (J.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.); (F.M.N.); Tel.: +351-259-350-921 (A.M.S.); +351-259-350-907 (F.M.N.)
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (J.A.S.)
- Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CEB–Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Judith Schäfer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, Building 50.41, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - João A. Santos
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (J.A.S.)
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Technology, UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, Building 50.41, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Fernando M. Nunes
- Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences and Environment, UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.M.S.); (F.M.N.); Tel.: +351-259-350-921 (A.M.S.); +351-259-350-907 (F.M.N.)
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Sorbaria kirilowii Ethanol Extract Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects In Vitro and In Vivo by Targeting Src/Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050741. [PMID: 32397672 PMCID: PMC7277364 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a fundamental process for defending against foreign antigens that involves various transcriptional regulatory processes as well as molecular signaling pathways. Despite its protective roles in the human body, the activation of inflammation may also convey various diseases including autoimmune disease and cancer. Sorbaria kirilowii is a plant originating from Asia, with no anti-inflammatory activity reported. In this paper, we discovered an anti-inflammatory effect of S. kirilowii ethanol extract (Sk-EE) both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro effects of Sk-EE were determined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, while ex vivo analysis was performed using peritoneal macrophages of thioglycollate (TG)-induced mice. Sk-EE significantly reduced the nitric oxide (NO) production of induced macrophages and inhibited the expression of inflammation-related cytokines and the activation of transcription factors. Moreover, treatment with Sk-EE also decreased the activation of proteins involved in nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling cascade; among them, Src was a prime target of Sk-EE. For in vivo assessment of the anti-inflammatory effect of Sk-EE, HCl/EtOH was given by the oral route to mice for gastritis induction. Sk-EE injection dose-dependently reduced the inflammatory lesion area of the stomach in gastritis-induced mice. Taking these results together, Sk-EE exerts its anti-inflammatory activity by regulating intracellular NF-κB signaling pathways and also shows an authentic effect on reducing gastric inflammation.
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Bilbao-Ramos P, Serrano DR, Ruiz Saldaña HK, Torrado JJ, Bolás-Fernández F, Dea-Ayuela MA. Evaluating the Potential of Ursolic Acid as Bioproduct for Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis. Molecules 2020; 25:E1394. [PMID: 32204358 PMCID: PMC7144553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis affects around 12 million people worldwide and is estimated to cause the ninth-largest disease burden. There are three main forms of the disease, visceral (VL), cutaneous (CL), and mucocutaneous (MCL), leading to more than one million new cases every year and several thousand deaths. Current treatments based on chemically synthesized molecules are far from ideal. In this study, we have tested the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of ursolic acid (UA), a multifunctional triterpenoid with well-known antitumoral, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects on different Leishmania strains. The in vitro antileishmanial activity against the intracellular forms was six and three-fold higher compared to extracellular forms of L. amazonensis and L. infantum, respectively. UA also showed to be a potent antileishmanial drug against both VL and CL manifestations of the disease in experimental models. UA parenterally administered at 5 mg/kg for seven days significantly reduced the parasite burden in liver and spleen not only in murine acute infection but also in a chronic-infection model against L. infantum. In addition, UA ointment (0.2%) topically administered for four weeks diminished (50%) lesion size progression in a chronic infection model of CL caused by L. amazonensis, which was much greater than the effect of UA formulated as an O/W emulsion. UA played a key role in the immunological response modulating the Th1 response. The exposure of Leishmania-infected macrophages to UA led to a significant different production in the cytokine levels depending on the Leishmania strain causing the infection. In conclusion, UA can be a promising therapy against both CL and VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bilbao-Ramos
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.B.-R.); (F.B.-F.)
- Laboratorio de Parasitología y Entomología INLASA, Pasaje Rafael Zubieta #1889, (Lado Estado Mayor del ejército) Zona Miraflores, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Dolores R. Serrano
- Departament of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, University Complutense, Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.S.); (H.K.R.S.); (J.J.T.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy (IUFI), Plaza Ramon y Cajal, SN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helga Karina Ruiz Saldaña
- Departament of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, University Complutense, Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.S.); (H.K.R.S.); (J.J.T.)
| | - Juan J. Torrado
- Departament of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, School of Pharmacy, University Complutense, Avenida Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.R.S.); (H.K.R.S.); (J.J.T.)
- Institute of Industrial Pharmacy (IUFI), Plaza Ramon y Cajal, SN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Bolás-Fernández
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.B.-R.); (F.B.-F.)
| | - María Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (P.B.-R.); (F.B.-F.)
- Departament of Pharmacy, School of Health Science, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, C/Ramón y Cajal s/n, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca (Valencia), Spain
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González-Garibay AS, López-Vázquez A, García-Bañuelos J, Sánchez-Enríquez S, Sandoval-Rodríguez AS, Del Toro Arreola S, Bueno-Topete MR, Muñoz-Valle JF, González Hita ME, Domínguez-Rosales JA, Armendáriz-Borunda J, Bastidas-Ramírez BE. Effect of Ursolic Acid on Insulin Resistance and Hyperinsulinemia in Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity: Role of Adipokines Expression. J Med Food 2020; 23:297-304. [PMID: 31747348 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) characteristic of obesity leads to a proinflammatory state disrupting the insulin signaling pathway, triggering insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation, the main processes contributing to obesity comorbidities. Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid occurring in a variety of plant foods, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate UA effects on IR, hyperinsulinemia, and inflammation in experimental diet-induced obesity. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 5). One group was used for time 0. Three groups were labeled as OBE (control): receiving high-fat diet (HFD; fat content 45.24% of energy) during 3, 6, or 9 weeks; three groups UA-PREV: exposed to simultaneous HFD and UA during 3, 6, or 9 weeks to evaluate UA preventive effects; one group UA-REV: receiving HFD for 6 weeks, followed by simultaneous HFD and UA for three additional weeks to analyze UA reversal effects. Measurements were performed after 3, 6, or 9 weeks of treatment. Adiposity was calculated by weighing VAT after sacrifice. Serum markers were quantified through colorimetric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. VAT adipokines RNAm expression was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. UA significantly decreased adiposity, IR, hyperinsulinemia, triacylglycerides, and cholesterol levels, and also VAT mRNA expression of MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), IL (interleukin)-1β and IL-6, concomitantly increasing adiponectin levels. UA metabolic effects demonstrated in this study support its potential therapeutic utility to improve IR, hyperinsulinemia, and inflammation observed in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica S González-Garibay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Research on Chronic Degenerative Diseases, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Alfonso López-Vázquez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Research on Chronic Degenerative Diseases, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Jesús García-Bañuelos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Sergio Sánchez-Enríquez
- Department of Clinics, University Center of Los Altos, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México
| | - Ana S Sandoval-Rodríguez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Susana Del Toro Arreola
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Research on Chronic Degenerative Diseases, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Miriam R Bueno-Topete
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Research on Chronic Degenerative Diseases, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - José F Muñoz-Valle
- Department of Medical Clinics, Institute of Research on Biomedical Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Mercedes E González Hita
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - José A Domínguez-Rosales
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Research on Chronic Degenerative Diseases, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Juan Armendáriz-Borunda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Technological Institute of Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Blanca E Bastidas-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute of Research on Chronic Degenerative Diseases, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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Popov SA, Semenova MD, Baev DS, Frolova TS, Shults EE, Wang C, Turks M. Synthesis of cytotoxic urs-12-ene- and 28-norurs-12-ene- type conjugates with amino- and mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles. Steroids 2020; 153:108524. [PMID: 31622615 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A small library of 2-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazoles, 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles, and 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles attached to the urs-12-ene- and 28-nor-urs-12-ene skeleton has been obtained. Ursolic acid derived hydrazides have been identified as useful starting materials for the developed synthesis. Ursolic acid hydrazide provided access to oxadiazoles attached directly to C-17 of the ursane core, but synthesis of structurally related 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles was not possible in this way due to steric hindrance of the triterpenoid. Ester- and amide-linked hydrazides arising from ethoxycarbonylmethyl ursolate and ursolic acid amide with methyl β-alaninate served as key starting materials for the remotely connected mercapto-and amino-azoles. Antioxidant activities (DPPH method) of the newly obtained compounds are mediocre. However, excellent cytotoxicity and selectivity against MCF7 cell line were found for 28-nor-urs-12-ene 2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole conjugate. Also some other library members exceeded the cytotoxicity values of natural ursolic acid. The novel hybrid heterocycles with amino and mercapto substituents possess a great potential for further derivatization and are prospective scaffolds for the synthesis of triterpenoid analogs with chemopreventive and cytotoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Popov
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentyev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Marya D Semenova
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentyev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Baev
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentyev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street, 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Frolova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Acad. Lavrentyev Ave., 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street, 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elvira E Shults
- Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Acad. Lavrentyev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Māris Turks
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, Riga LV-1048, Latvia
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Trimethoxystilbene Reduces Nuclear Factor Kappa B, Interleukin-6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor- α Levels in Rats with Pulmonary Artery Hypertension. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1219848. [PMID: 31886168 PMCID: PMC6925919 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1219848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary artery hypertension is a refractory disease that severely affects cardiopulmonary function, mainly resulting in irreversible pulmonary vascular remodeling. Current surgical treatment of this disease is not very effective and drug treatment is targeted at relieving symptoms, improving the quality of life of patients, and preventing disease progression. The purpose of this present study was to reveal the regulatory effects of trimethoxystilbene on the serum levels of nuclear factor kappa B, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in a rat model of pulmonary artery hypertension and to explore the possible underlying mechanisms. Healthy Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to experimental groups and treated with monocrotaline to establish the model, and we found a significant difference in the expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α between the experimental and control groups. These results suggest that trimethoxystilbene significantly reduced the inflammatory factor levels in pulmonary hypertensive rats, providing us with new potential strategies for elucidating the mechanisms of action of trimethoxystilbene in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension.
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Zhao J, Zheng H, Sui Z, Jing F, Quan X, Zhao W, Liu G. Ursolic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory effects through blocking TLR4-MyD88 pathway mediated by autophagy. Cytokine 2019; 123:154726. [PMID: 31302461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for effective treatments to reduce the large and growing burden of acute kidney injury (AKI) and its consequences. Inflammation is believed to play a vital role in the pathophysiology of AKI. Macrophage autophagy is considered protective against inflammation. Previous study discovered that ursolic acid (UA), a natural pentacyclic triterpene carboxylic acid found in many plants as apples, bilberries, cranberries and so on, promoted cancer cell autophagy. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of UA on ameliorating AKI and the role of macrophage autophagy in the context of inflammation. The data from in vivo experiments showed that pretreatment of mice with UA significantly suppressed xylene-induced ear oedema as well as protected against LPS-induced AKI. Related mechanisms were further studied through in vitro experiment. As expected, UA decreased inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β secretion in macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Furthermore, UA blocked LPS-induced TLR4/MyD88 pathway. More importantly, enhanced autophagy of macrophages by UA through increasing the expression of both LC3B and Beclin-1 led to alter macrophage function. What is more, similar to UA, autophagy inhibitor 3-MA obviously decreased inflammation factors releases hinting the vital role of autophagy in regulating inflammation. In all, above study suggested that UA is a potential anti-inflammatory natural compound for treating AKI by inducing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haoyi Zheng
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Zhongguo Sui
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fanbo Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xianghua Quan
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- Qingdao University Medical College, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Outpatient Department, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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73
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Li BY, Hu Y, Li J, Shi K, Shen YF, Zhu B, Wang GX. Ursolic acid from Prunella vulgaris L. efficiently inhibits IHNV infection in vitro and in vivo. Virus Res 2019; 273:197741. [PMID: 31494148 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a fish viral pathogen that causes severe disease and huge economic losses in the salmonid aquaculture industry. However, anti-IHNV drugs currently are scarce. For the purpose of seeking out anti-IHNV drugs, the anti-IHNV activities of 32 medicinal plants were investigated by using epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells. Among these plants, Prunella vulgaris L. (PVL) showed the strongest inhibition on IHNV replication with an inhibitory percentage of 99.3% at the concentration 100 mg/L. Further studies demonstrated that ursolic acid (UA), a major constituent of PVL, also showed a highly effective anti-IHNV activity. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 72 h of UA on IHNV was 8.0 μM. Besides, UA could significantly decrease cytopathic effect (CPE) and the viral titer induced by IHNV in EPC cells. More importantly, UA also showed a strong anti-IHNV activity in vivo, as indicated by increasing the survival rate of rainbow trout and inhibiting viral gene expression. Intraperitoneal injection of UA increased the relative percentage of survival of rainbow trout by 18.9% and inhibited IHNV glycoprotein mRNA expression by > 90.0% in the spleen at the 1st-day post-infection. Altogether, UA was expected to be a therapeutic agent against IHNV infection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yang Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Kai Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yu-Feng Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Gao-Xue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Yang Y, Yin R, Wu R, Ramirez CN, Sargsyan D, Li S, Wang L, Cheng D, Wang C, Hudlikar R, Kuo HC, Lu Y, Kong AN. DNA methylome and transcriptome alterations and cancer prevention by triterpenoid ursolic acid in UVB-induced skin tumor in mice. Mol Carcinog 2019; 58:1738-1753. [PMID: 31237383 PMCID: PMC6722003 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common type of skin cancers. Major risk factors for NMSCs include exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Ursolic acid (UA) is a natural triterpenoid enriched in blueberries and herbal medicinal products, and possess anticancer activities. This study focuses on the impact of UA on epigenomic, genomic mechanisms and prevention of UVB-mediated NMSC. CpG methylome and RNA transcriptome alterations of early, promotion and late stages of UA treated on UVB-induced NMSC in SKH-1 hairless mice were conducted using CpG methyl-seq and RNA-seq. Samples were collected at weeks 2, 15, and 25, and integrated bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify key pathways and genes modified by UA against UVB-induced NMSC. Morphologically, UA significantly reduced NMSC tumor volume and tumor number. DNA methylome showed inflammatory pathways IL-8, NF-κB, and Nrf2 pathways were highly involved. Antioxidative stress master regulator Nrf2, cyclin D1, DNA damage, and anti-inflammatory pathways were induced by UA. Nrf2, cyclin D1, TNFrsf1b, and Mybl1 at early (2 weeks) and late (25 weeks) stages were identified and validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In summary, integration of CpG methylome and RNA transcriptome studies show UA alters antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer pathways in UVB-induced NMSC carcinogenesis. Particularly, UA appears to drive Nrf2 and its upstream/downstream genes, anti-inflammatory (at early stages) and cell cycle regulatory (both early and late stages) genes, of which might contribute to the overall chemopreventive effects of UVB-induced MNSC. This study may provide potential biomarkers/targets for chemoprevention of early stage of UVB-induced NMSC in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yang
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario
School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
08854, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Renyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Christina N. Ramirez
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario
School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
08854, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Rutgers Robert
Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Davit Sargsyan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Shanyi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Lujing Wang
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario
School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
08854, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - David Cheng
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario
School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
08854, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Rasika Hudlikar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Hsiao-Chen Kuo
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario
School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
08854, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Yaoping Lu
- Center for Phytochemicals Epigenome Studies, Ernest Mario
School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ
08854, USA
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of
Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA
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Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S, Pourbagher-Shahri AM. Hypolipidemic effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14680-14688. [PMID: 30693502 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Current strategies are not effective in the management of dyslipidemia. Thus, there is a necessity to find new preventative and therapeutic approaches. In recent years, herbal medicine has drawn great attention regarding the prevention and management of dyslipidemia. Rosmarinus officinalis, commonly known as rosemary, is an evergreen shrub containing several polyphenols. The plant grows in the Mediterranean and South American regions. Rosemary and its main components have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering properties. The present review has focused on in vivo and in vitro studies on the hypolipidemic effects of rosemary and its main constituents as well as their functional mechanisms. Studies have described lipid-scavenging activities of rosemary through its flavonoid contents. Modulating inflammation and oxidative stress have been described as possible mechanisms by which rosemary ameliorates dyslipidemia. However, the exact mechanisms are not fully understood yet. Conducting experimental and clinical trial studies are recommended to confirm the safety and efficacy of rosemary in the prevention and management of dyslipidemia and other cardio-metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Fangchinoline, a Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloid can Modulate Cytokine-Impelled Apoptosis via the Dual Regulation of NF-κB and AP-1 Pathways. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173127. [PMID: 31466313 PMCID: PMC6749215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fangchinoline (FCN) derived from Stephaniae tetrandrine S. Moore can be employed to treat fever, inflammation, rheumatism arthralgia, edema, dysuria, athlete’s foot, and swollen wet sores. FCN can exhibit a plethora of anti-neoplastic effects although its precise mode of action still remains to be deciphered. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) can closely regulate carcinogenesis and thus we analyzed the possible action of FCN may have on these two signaling cascades in tumor cells. The effect of FCN on NF-κB and AP-1 signaling cascades and its downstream functions was deciphered using diverse assays in both human chronic myeloid leukemia (KBM5) and multiple myeloma (U266). FCN attenuated growth of both leukemic and multiple myeloma cells and repressed NF-κB, and AP-1 activation through diverse mechanisms, including attenuation of phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK) and p65. Furthermore, FCN could also cause significant enhancement in TNFα-driven apoptosis as studied by various molecular techniques. Thus, FCN may exhibit potent anti-neoplastic effects by affecting diverse oncogenic pathways and may be employed as pro-apoptotic agent against various malignancies.
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77
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Organometallic Compounds and Metal Complexes in Current and Future Treatments of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer-a Critical Review. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090398. [PMID: 31443436 PMCID: PMC6770552 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the clinical use of organometallic compounds and metal complexes for therapeutic purposes including treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Their action is based on the inhibition of the inflow of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the elimination of free radicals or the modulation of intestinal microbiota. In addition, these compounds are intended for use in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) which is often a consequence of IBD. The aim of this study is to critically discuss recent findings on the use of organometallic compounds and metal complexes in the treatment of IBD and CRC and suggest future trends in drug design.
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78
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Pitavastatin Exerts Potent Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects via the Suppression of AP-1 Signal Transduction in Human T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143534. [PMID: 31330988 PMCID: PMC6678418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase are the standard treatment for hypercholesterolemia in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), mediated by inflammatory reactions within vessel walls. Several studies highlighted the pleiotropic effects of statins beyond their lipid-lowering properties. However, few studies investigated the effects of statins on T cell activation. This study evaluated the immunomodulatory capacities of three common statins, pitavastatin, atorvastatin, and rosuvastatin, in activated human T cells. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results demonstrated stronger inhibitory effects of pitavastatin on the cytokine production of T cells activated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus ionomycin, including interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Molecular investigations revealed that pitavastatin reduced both activating protein-1 (AP-1) DNA binding and transcriptional activities. Further exploration showed the selectively inhibitory effect of pitavastatin on the signaling pathways of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Our findings suggested that pitavastatin might provide additional benefits for treating hypercholesterolemia and ASCVD through its potent immunomodulatory effects on the suppression of ERK/p38/AP-1 signaling in human T cells.
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Zhang L, Cai QY, Liu J, Peng J, Chen YQ, Sferra TJ, Lin JM. Ursolic acid suppresses the invasive potential of colorectal cancer cells by regulating the TGF-β1/ZEB1/miR-200c signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3274-3282. [PMID: 31452805 PMCID: PMC6676672 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a biologically active compound, commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It has been reported to exhibit strong anticancer properties against a variety of cancers. Our previous studies showed that UA promoted apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and inhibited cellular proliferation and angiogenesis. However, the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of UA in CRC progression remain unclear. In the present study, the role of UA in suppressing the migration and invasion of human colon cancer HCT116 and HCT-8 cells was investigated, using Transwell assays. In addition, to evaluate whether the anticancer properties of UA were mediated by the regulation of a double-negative feedback loop consisting of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (ZEB1) pathway and microRNA (miR)-200a/b/c, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were performed. The results indicated that UA treatment significantly suppressed cellular growth, migration and invasion in HCT116 and HCT-8 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, following UA treatment, several crucial mediators of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, including TGF-β1, phosphorylated (p)-Smad2/3, p-focal adhesion kinase and ZEB1, were significantly downregulated in the HCT116 and HCT-8 cell lines compared with the control group. Furthermore, the ratio of N-cadherin/E-cadherin, two proteins directly downstream of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, was found to be downregulated in UA treated CRC cells. Finally, UA significantly upregulated miR200a/b/c, with miR-200c exhibiting the highest increase in expression levels following UA treatment. Collectively, the present study suggested that inhibition of CRC cell invasion by UA occurred via regulation of the TGF-β1/ZEB1/miR-200c signaling network, which may be one of the mechanisms by which UA appears to be an effective therapeutic agent against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Qiao-Yan Cai
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - You-Qin Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Thomas J Sferra
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jiu-Mao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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80
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Gruenwald J, Uebelhack R, Moré MI. Rosa canina - Rose hip pharmacological ingredients and molecular mechanics counteracting osteoarthritis - A systematic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 60:152958. [PMID: 31138475 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The successful use of rose hip for the treatment of osteoarthritis is well documented. Several randomized placebo controlled double-blind studies, as mono or combination therapy, have demonstrated treatment efficacy as well as excellent tolerability. PURPOSE This review focuses on the molecular mechanism underlying the clinical effects of rose hip in osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS The database Medline was screened - using the search term "Rosa canina" or "rose hip" - for publications on pharmacological or mechanistic studies with relevance to OA; in addition for findings on pharmacologically active constituents as well as clinical studies. The screening results were complemented by following-up on cited literature. RESULTS In particular, 24 pharmacological studies on Rosa canina or preparations thereof were considered relevant. Potent antioxidant radical scavenging effects are well documented for numerous rose hip constituents besides Vitamin C. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory activities include the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, reduction of NF-kB signaling, inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzymes, including COX1/2, 5-LOX and iNOS, reduction of C-reactive protein levels, reduction of chemotaxis and chemoluminescence of PMNs, and an inhibition of pro-inflammatory metalloproteases. CONCLUSION The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Rosa canina match its clinical action - especially considering new findings on the pharmacological disease pattern of OA. The entirety of several compounds including phenolics, terpenoids, galactolipids, carotenoids, fruit acids and fatty oils can be considered responsible for the observed pharmacological and clinical effects. Further research is needed to eludicate how and in which manner single rose hip compounds interact with their molecular pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Gruenwald
- Herbalist & Doc Gesundheitsgesellschaft mbH, Waldseeweg 6, D - 13467, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Margret Irmgard Moré
- Herbalist & Doc Gesundheitsgesellschaft mbH, Waldseeweg 6, D - 13467, Berlin, Germany.
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Guo JL, Han T, Bao L, Li XM, Ma JQ, Tang LP. Ursolic acid promotes the apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2019; 45:877-881. [PMID: 30632222 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Ursolic acid is a triterpenoid common in plants and exhibits anti-carcinogenic activity. This study aimed to reveal the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in cervical cancer cell apoptosis promoted by ursolic acid. METHODS HeLa cells were treated with ursolic acid or/and 4-phenylbutyric acid. The viability and apoptosis of HeLa cells were evaluated by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS Ursolic acid decreased HeLa cell viability in a time- and dose- dependent manner, and induced HeLa cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ursolic acid increased the expression of C/EBP homologous protein and glucose-regulated protein 78 at protein levels, while 4-phenylbutyric acid antagonized the apoptosis of HeLa cells induced by ursolic acid. CONCLUSION Ursolic acid inhibits the viability and promotes the apoptosis of HeLa cells. Endoplasmic reticulum stress may mediate the apoptosis of cervical cancer cells stimulated by ursolic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ling Guo
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Teng Han
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Le Bao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jing-Quan Ma
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Li-Ping Tang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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Triterpene Acid and Phenolics from Ancient Apples of Friuli Venezia Giulia as Nutraceutical Ingredients: LC-MS Study and In Vitro Activities. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061109. [PMID: 30897820 PMCID: PMC6471914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpene acid and phenolic constituents from nine ancient varieties of apple (Malus domestica) fruits cultivated in Fanna, Friuli Venezia Giulia region, northeast Italy, were analyzed and compared with four commercial apples ('Golden Delicious', 'Red Delicious', 'Granny Smith' and 'Royal Gala'). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured by spectrophotometric assays. The quali-quantitative fingerprint of secondary metabolites including triterpene acid was obtained by LC-DAD-(ESI)-MS and LC-(APCI)-MS, respectively. Based on the two LC-MS datasets, multivariate analysis was used to compare the composition of ancient fruit varieties with those of four commercial apples. Significant differences related mainly to the pattern of triterpene acids were found. Pomolic, euscaphyc, maslinic and ursolic acids are the most abundant triterpene in ancient varieties pulps and peels, while ursolic and oleanolic acids were prevalent in the commercial fruits. Also, the content of the phenolic compounds phloretin-2-O-xyloglucoside and quercetin-3-O-arabinoside was greater in ancient apple varieties. The antioxidant (radical scavenging, reducing power, metal chelating and phosphomolybdenum assays) and enzyme inhibitory effects (against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase and glucosidase) of the samples were investigated in vitro. Antioxidant assays showed that the peels were more active than pulps. However, all the samples exhibited similar enzyme inhibitory effects. Ancient Friuli Venezia Giulia apple cultivars can be a source of chlorogenic acid and various triterpene acids, which are known for their potential anti-inflammatory activity and beneficial effects on lipid and glucose metabolism. Our results make these ancient varieties suitable for the development of new nutraceutical ingredients.
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Gamede M, Mabuza L, Ngubane P, Khathi A. Plant-Derived Oleanolic Acid (OA) Ameliorates Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in a Diet-Induced Pre-Diabetic Rat Model: Effects on Selected Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020340. [PMID: 30669379 PMCID: PMC6359497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of prediabetes is associated with risk factors such as chronic consumption of an unhealthy diet. Recent studies have reported that diet-induced pre-diabetes is also associated with risk factors of cardiovascular complications, hence this study was aimed at evaluating the effects of oleanolic acid (OA) on pre-diabetes rats. Pre-diabetes was induced by chronic exposure of Sprague Dawley rats (SD) to high-fat high-carbohydrate diet (20 weeks), whereas the non-pre-diabetes control (NC) was given standard rat chow. Pre-diabetes animals were grouped into five groups namely prediabetes control (PC), metformin treated (Met), metformin with diet intervention (Met + DI), oleanolic acid treated (OA), and oleanolic acid with diet intervention (OA + DI) then treated for 12 weeks. At the end of treatment, all animals were sacrificed where organs and tissues were harvested for biochemical analysis and histological studies. The results showed that PC had a significantly higher triglycerides (TGs), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), C-reactive protein (CRP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and hearts weights in comparison to NC (p < 0.05). However, the administration of OA, in both the presence and absence of dietary intervention showed a significant decrease in TGs, LDL-C, IL-6, TNFα, CRP, MAP, hearts weights (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the administration of OA was able to lower the risks of developing CVDs in pre-diabetes rat model through ameliorating dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress, hypertension, and low-grade inflammation. Therefore OA has the potential to be used as an alternative treatment to prevent the onset of CVDs during pre-diabetes stage even in the absence of dietary and lifestyle intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mlindeli Gamede
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban X54001, South Africa.
| | - Lindokuhle Mabuza
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban X54001, South Africa.
| | - Phikelelani Ngubane
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban X54001, South Africa.
| | - Andile Khathi
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban X54001, South Africa.
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84
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Auliafendri N, Rosidah, Yuandani, Suryani S, Satria D. The Immunomodulatory Activities of Picria Fel-Terrae Lour Herbs towards RAW 264.7 Cells. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:24-28. [PMID: 30740154 PMCID: PMC6352470 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate immunomodulatory activities of Picria fel-terrae Lour herbs extract against inflammatory biomarkers by conducting cell culture experiments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The herbs of Picria fel-terrae Lour were dried and extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, 96% ethanol, followed by evaporation and freeze-drying. Phytochemicals screening were analysed with thin layer chromatography method. Cell viability was assessed with MTT assay. The genes of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin (IL)-1β and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages were analysed by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method. RESULTS: Phytochemicals screening showed the presence of steroids in n-hexane extract (ENPFH) and flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins in ethyl acetate (EEAPFH) and ethanol (EEPFH) extracts. The Viability of RAW 264.7 cell toward ENPFH, EEAPFH, and EEPFH (1-200 μgmL-1) showed no toxicity effects. At the gene level, ENPFH; EEAPFH; EEPFH decreased the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2 which induced with LPS (1 μgmL-1). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that extracts of Picria fel-terrae Lour Herbs possesses immunomodulatory activities by inhibiting selected inflammatory biomarkers at the gene levels in LPS-induced macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novycha Auliafendri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Rosidah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Yuandani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Sri Suryani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Denny Satria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
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85
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Mochizuki M, Uozumi T, Hisaka S, Osawa T. Ursolic Acid and Derivatives Exhibit Anti-atherosclerotic Activity by Inhibiting the Expression of Cell Adhesion Molecules Induced by TNF-alpha. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.25.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Mochizuki
- Department of Health and Nutrition Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Taichi Uozumi
- Laboratory of Food and Biodynamics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences
| | | | - Toshihiko Osawa
- Department of Health and Nutrition Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University
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86
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Zhang X, Heng S, Pei J, Morey JR, McDevitt CA, Abell AD. A Liposomal Platform for Sensing of Extracellular Analytes Near Cells. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2018; 8:bios8040117. [PMID: 30486256 PMCID: PMC6315562 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell-permeable fluorescent chemosensors (calcein, monochlorobimane, and a recently reported spiropyran-based sensor SP2) have been incorporated into yeast total lipid extract-based liposomes to suppress inherent cell permeability to allow the detection of extracellular Ca2+, GSH, and Zn2+, respectively. The repurposed sensors have enhanced aqueous solubility and the ability to quantitatively measure biologically relevant concentrations of Ca2+ (0.25 mM–1 mM), Zn2+ (6.25 µM–50 µM), and GSH (0.25 mM–1 mM) by fluorescence in aqueous media. In addition, the liposomal sensors are nontoxic to HEK293 cells and have the ability to detect exogenously added Zn2+ (1 mM), Ca2+ (1 mM), or GSH (1 mM) near cells without internalisation. This new sensing platform provides a means to repurpose a range of intracellular fluorescent sensors to specifically detect extracellular analytes, while also improving biocompatibility for overall enhanced use in a wide range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Zhang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Sabrina Heng
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Jinxin Pei
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
- Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Jacqueline R Morey
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Christopher A McDevitt
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Andrew D Abell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
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87
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Pięt M, Paduch R. Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids as Potential Anticancer Agents Acting in the Gastrointestinal Tract. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x15666180612090816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background:Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Contemporary therapies, including chemo- and radiotherapy, are burdened with severe side effects. Thus, there exists an urgent need to develop therapies that would be less devastating to the patient’s body. Such novel approaches can be based on the anti-tumorigenic activity of particular compounds or may involve sensitizing cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy or reducing the side-effects of regular treatment.Objective:Natural-derived compounds are becoming more and more popular in cancer research. Examples of such substances are Ursolic Acid (UA) and Oleanolic Acid (OA), plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoids which possess numerous beneficial properties, including anti-tumorigenic activity.Results:In recent years, ursolic and oleanolic acids have been demonstrated to exert a range of anticancer effects on various types of tumors. These compounds inhibit the viability and proliferation of cancer cells, prevent their migration and metastasis and induce their apoptosis. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that UA and OA are promising anti-cancer agents that can prevent carcinogenesis at each step. Furthermore, cancers at all stages are susceptible to the activity of these compounds. </P><P> Neoplasms that are formed in the gastrointestinal tract, i.e. gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, and liver cancers, are among the most common and most lethal malignancies. Their localization in the digestive system, however, facilitates the action of orally-administered (potential) anti-cancer agents, making chemopreventive drugs more accessible.In this paper, the anti-tumorigenic effect of ursolic and oleanolic acids on gastric, colon, pancreatic, and liver cancers, as well as the mechanisms underlying this process, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Pięt
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Roman Paduch
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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88
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Sharma H, Kumar P, Deshmukh RR, Bishayee A, Kumar S. Pentacyclic triterpenes: New tools to fight metabolic syndrome. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 50:166-177. [PMID: 30466975 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is a combination of dysregulated cardiometabolic risk factors characterized by dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, inflammation, obesity as well as hypertension. These factors are tied to the increased risk for type-II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction in patients with metabolic syndrome. PURPOSE To review the proposed molecular mechanisms of pentacyclic triterpenes for their potential use in the metabolic syndrome. METHODS PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar database were searched from commencement to April 2018. Following keywords were searched in the databases with varying combinations: "metabolic syndrome", "pentacyclic triterpenes", "transcription factors", "protein kinase", "lipogenesis", "adipogenesis", "lipolysis", "fatty acids", "gluconeogenesis", "cardiovascular", "mitochondria", "oxidative stress", "pancreas", "hepatic cells", "skeletal muscle", "3T3-L1", "C2C12", "obesity", "inflammation", "insulin resistance", "glucose uptake", "clinical studies" and "bioavailability". RESULTS Pentacyclic triterpenes, such as asiatic acid, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, α,β-amyrin, celastrol, carbenoxolone, corosolic acid, maslinic acid, bardoxolone methyl and lupeol downregulate several metabolic syndrome components by regulating transcription factors, protein kinases and enzyme involved in the adipogenesis, lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, insulin resistance, mitochondria biogenesis, gluconeogenesis, oxidative stress and inflammation. CONCLUSION In vitro and in vivo studies suggests that pentacyclic triterpenes effectively downregulate various factors related to metabolic syndrome. These phytochemicals may serve as promising candidates for clinical trials for the management of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitender Sharma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119 Haryana, India
| | - Pushpander Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119 Haryana, India
| | - Rahul R Deshmukh
- School of Pharmacy, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119 Haryana, India.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. Atherosclerosis, characterized by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation in the vessel wall, is the main feature of cardiovascular disease. Although the amounts of fruits and vegetables present in the diets vary by country, diets, worldwide, contain large amounts of spices; this may have positive or negative effects on the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. In this review, we focused on the potential protective effects of specific nutrients from spices, such as pepper, ginger, garlic, onion, cinnamon and chili, in atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms, epidemiological analysis, and clinical studies focusing on a variety of spices are covered in this review. Based on the integrated information, we aimed to raise specific recommendations for people with different dietary styles for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease through dietary habit adjustments.
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90
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Shehata IA, El-harshany E, Abdallah HM, Esmat A, Abdel-sattar EA. Anti-inflammatory activity of Kleinia odora. Eur J Integr Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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91
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Jee B, Kumar S, Yadav R, Singh Y, Kumar A, Sharma N. Ursolic acid and carvacrol may be potential inhibitors of dormancy protein small heat shock protein16.3 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 36:3434-3443. [PMID: 28984500 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1389305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock protein16.3 (sHSP16.3) is a crucial protein for survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in its host. Besides, this protein acts as a molecular chaperone during stress and is indispensable for MTB's growth, virulence and cell-wall thickening. sHSP16.3 is also a promising candidate for vaccine, serodiagnosis and drug design as well. In the present study, we have targeted sHSP16.3 with two phytochemicals, namely ursolic acid and carvacrol using in silico approach. Molecular docking analysis showed that both phytochemicals (ursolic acid and carvacrol) have docked with sHSP16.3 and shown tendency to inhibit the function of this vital protein of MTB. In addition, both compounds have exhibited strong compatibility with sHSP16.3 during whole 60 ns duration of molecular dynamics simulation. Further, the molecular mechanic/generalized Born/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM/G/P/BSA) free energies were calculated which showed that both phytocompounds have stable and favourable binding energies causing strong binding with binding site of sHSP16.3. Taking together, the data of present study suggest that both phytocompounds may be potential inhibitor of sHSP16.3 of MTB and a best alternative to standard anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babban Jee
- a Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare , Government of India , New Delhi 110001 , India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- b Molecular and Structural Biology Division , Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow 226031 , India
| | - Renu Yadav
- c Department of Biotechnology , Acharya Nagarjuna University , Guntur 522510 , India
| | - Yogesh Singh
- d Institute of Physiology I , Eberhard-Karls-Tübingen University , Gmelinstraße5, Tübingen D-72076 , Germany
| | - Anuj Kumar
- e Advance Center for Computational and Applied Biotechnology, Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology (UCB) , Dehradun 248007 , India
| | - Naveen Sharma
- a Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare , Government of India , New Delhi 110001 , India
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92
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Mourya A, Akhtar A, Ahuja S, Sah SP, Kumar A. Synergistic action of ursolic acid and metformin in experimental model of insulin resistance and related behavioral alterations. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 835:31-40. [PMID: 30075220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic restraint stress (CRS) is known to cause metabolic and neurological complications in a number of ways. Prolonged exposure to stress evident by increased corticosterone level led to impaired altered insulin signaling and oxidative stress in mice, in the present study. Impaired insulin signaling or insulin resistance was characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, hypoadiponectinemia, increased glycosylated haemoglobin and HOMA-IR. It was also associated with increased proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α levels. CRS also caused significant increase in acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidative stress in brain along with cognitive impairment in behavioral test. Ursolic acid, metformin, gliclazide and their combinations when administered daily for 30 days significantly improved insulin sensitivity apart from behavioral and biochemical alterations in stressed mice. Treatment with drugs also decreased serum corticosterone and TNF-α levels. The findings of our study revealed that improvement in insulin sensitivity, learning and cognitive performance in stressed mice was attributed to attenuation of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Moreover, combination of [Metformin (150 mg/kg) + Ursolic acid (10 mg/kg)] produced enhanced improvement in insulin sensitivity and cognitive impairment as compared to their individual effects, suggesting possibly the common mode of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Mourya
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ansab Akhtar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Swati Ahuja
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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93
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Sut S, Poloniato G, Malagoli M, Dall'Acqua S. Fragmentation of the main triterpene acids of apple by LC-APCI-MS n. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:882-892. [PMID: 29992756 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the fragmentation of the main triterpene acids of apple using an liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MSn ) approach and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) (Q-TOF). Triterpenes were isolated using semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and chemical structures were elucidated by HR-MS and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Finally, compounds were used to study MSn behavior in ion trap. Isolated triterpenes present similar structures, bearing carboxyl group linked to C-17 and different substitutions. We observed significant changes in MS2 spectra, which were useful for further compound identification. The observed fragments allowed the discrimination of different derivatives, namely, pomaceic, annurcoic, euscaphic, pomolic, corosolic, maslinic, betulinic, oleanolic, and ursolic acids. The proposed method allows a rapid identification of triterpene acids, and it could be useful for the analysis of these compounds in apple fruits and in other natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Sut
- DAFNAE, Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Poloniato
- DSF, Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Malagoli
- DAFNAE, Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- DSF, Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Mahmud I, Shahria N, Yeasmin S, Iqbal A, Mukul EH, Gain S, Shilpi JA, Islam MK. Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological profile of a mangrove plant Ceriops Decandra GriffDin Hou. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 16:jcim-2017-0129. [PMID: 29933245 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2017-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ceriops decandra is a mangrove tree species, reputed for its folkloric uses in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, infection, snakebites, inflammation, and cancer. Different parts of the plant are rich with various phytoconstituents which include diterpenoids (ceriopsin A-G), triterpenoids (lupeol, α-amyrin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid), and phenolics (catechin, procyanidins).These phytoconstituents and their derivatives could form a new basis for developing new drugs against various diseases. The objective of the present study is to compile the phytochemical, ethnobotanical, biological, and pharmacological significance of the plant to provide directions for future research to find out therapeutically active lead compounds for developing new drugs against diseases of current interest including diabetes, inflammation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Mahmud
- Department of Pharmacy, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Enayetpur, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh.,Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Naznin Shahria
- Department of Pharmacy, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Enayetpur, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Sabina Yeasmin
- Department of Pharmacy, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Enayetpur, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Emdadul Hasan Mukul
- Department of Pharmacy, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Enayetpur, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Sudipta Gain
- Department of Pharmacy, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Enayetpur, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Jamil Ahmad Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md Khirul Islam
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.,Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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95
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Establishment and Phytochemical Analysis of a Callus Culture from Ageratina pichinchensis (Asteraceae) and Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061258. [PMID: 29799442 PMCID: PMC6099804 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A protocol was established to produce bioactive compounds in a callus culture of Ageratina pichinchensis by using 1 mg L−1 NAA with 0.1 mg L−1 KIN. The phytochemical study of the EtOAc extract obtained from the callus biomass, allowed the isolation and characterization of eleven secondary metabolites, of which dihydrobenzofuran (5) and 3-epilupeol (7), showed important anti-inflammatory activity. Compound 5 inhibits in vitro the secretion of NO (IC50 = 36.96 ± 1.06 μM), IL-6 (IC50 = 73.71 ± 3.21 μM), and TNF-α (IC50 = 73.20 ± 5.99 μM) in RAW (Murine macrophage cells) 264.7 macrophages, as well as the activation of NF-κB (40% at 150 μM) in RAW-blue macrophages, while compound 7 has been described that inhibit the in vivo TPA-induced ear edema, and the in vitro production of NO, and the PLA2 enzyme activity. In addition, quantitative GC-MS analysis showed that the anti-inflammatory metabolites 5 and 7 were not detected in the wild plant. Overall, our results indicated that A. pichinchensis can be used as an alternative biotechnological resource for obtaining anti-inflammatory compounds. This is the first report of the anti-inflammatory activity of compound 5 and its production in a callus culture of A. pichinchensis.
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96
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Choi WH, Lee IA. Evaluation of Anti- Toxoplasma gondii Effect of Ursolic Acid as a Novel Toxoplasmosis Inhibitor. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:E43. [PMID: 29747388 PMCID: PMC6026977 DOI: 10.3390/ph11020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-parasitic effect of ursolic acid against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) that induces toxoplasmosis, particularly in humans. The anti-parasitic effects of ursolic acid against T. gondii-infected cells and T. gondii were evaluated through different specific assays, including immunofluorescence staining and animal testing. Ursolic acid effectively inhibited the proliferation of T. gondii when compared with sulfadiazine, and consistently induced anti-T. gondii activity/effect. In particular, the formation of parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) in host cells was markedly decreased after treating ursolic acid, which was effectively suppressed. Moreover, the survival rate of T. gondii was strongly inhibited in T. gondii group treated with ursolic acid, and then 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) against T. gondii was measured as 94.62 μg/mL. The T. gondii-infected mice treated with ursolic acid indicated the same survival rates and activity as the normal group. These results demonstrate that ursolic acid causes anti-T. gondii action and effect by strongly blocking the proliferation of T. gondii through the direct and the selective T. gondii-inhibitory ability as well as increases the survival of T. gondii-infected mice. This study shows that ursolic acid has the potential to be used as a promising anti-T. gondii candidate substance for developing effective anti-parasitic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Hyung Choi
- Marine Bio Research & Education Center, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54150, Korea.
| | - In Ah Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54150, Korea.
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97
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Phytochemical and pharmacological status of indigenous medicinal plant Pedalium murex L.-A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1456-1463. [PMID: 29864930 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pedalium murex is a fruit-bearing annual herb, native to South India, Mexico and tropical Africa. The plant is widely used to treat numerous diseases including gastric ulcer, asthma, heart problems, anti inflammatory activity and particularly urinary disorders. Traditional medicine has become a skilled approach by means of rational values in handling a variety of diseases and developing an affordable phytotherapy. It is proclaimed that P.murex is an expensive source of unique bioactive compounds for the development of natural medicines against various diseases. CONCLUSION This review provides the details of ethno pharmacological importance of P. murex, as well as its composition of phytochemicals, biological activities and traditional usage. Also provides a source for future studies such as isolation of bioactive components and mechanism of action of this plant extract.
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98
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Li Q, Zhao W, Zeng X, Hao Z. Ursolic Acid Attenuates Atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- Mice: Role of LOX-1 Mediated by ROS/NF-κB Pathway. Molecules 2018; 23:E1101. [PMID: 29735887 PMCID: PMC6100321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease, is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases. Ursolic acid (UA) is a phytonutrient with widely biological effects including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and so on. At present, the effect of UA on atherosclerosis and the mechanism of action are still obscure. This study focused on investigating the effects of UA on atherosclerosis both in vivo and in vitro. We first selected LOX-1 as our target, which was reckoned as a new promising receptor for treating atherosclerosis. The evaluation in vitro suggested that UA significantly decreased endothelial LOX-1 expression induced by LPS both in mRNA and protein levels. Pre-treatment of UA also inhibited TLR4/MyD88 signaling activated by LPS. Moreover, UA reduced ROS production and suppressed the activation of NF-κB stimulated by LPS. Particularly, the evaluation in vivo further verified the conclusion obtained in vitro. In ApoE−/− mice fed with an atherogenic diet, both UA (100 mg/kg/day) and simvastatin significantly attenuated atherosclerotic plaque formation and shrunk necrotic core areas. The enhanced expression of LOX-1 in atherosclerotic aorta was also dramatically decreased by administration of UA. Taken together, these results suggested that UA, with anti-atherosclerotic activity through inhibition of LOX-1 mediated by ROS/NF-κB signaling pathways, may become a valuable vascular protective candidate for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Xi Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Zhihui Hao
- Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266000, China.
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99
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Sahu S, Li R, Kadeyala PK, Liu S, Schachner M. The human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) glycan mimetic ursolic acid promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mouse. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 55:219-228. [PMID: 29567576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) cell antigen is a glycan epitope involved in several neural events, such as neuritogenesis, myelination, synaptic plasticity and regeneration of the nervous system after injury. We have recently identified the small organic compound ursolic acid (UA) as a HNK-1 mimetic with the aim to test its therapeutic potential in the central nervous system. UA, a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid, is well known for its multiple biological functions, including neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we evaluated its functions in a mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI) and explored the molecular mechanisms underlying its positive effects. Oral administration of UA to mice 1 h after SCI and thereafter once daily for 6 weeks enhanced the regaining of motor functions and axonal regrowth, and decreased astrogliosis. UA administration decreased levels of proinflammatory markers, including interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, in the injured spinal cord at the acute phase of inflammation and activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathways in the injured spinal cord. Taken together, these results suggest that UA may be a candidate for treatment of nervous system injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Sahu
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Praveen Kumar Kadeyala
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Shisong Liu
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08554, USA.
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100
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Zhao R, Zheng G, Fan L, Shen Z, Jiang K, Guo Y, Shao JW. Carrier-free nanodrug by co-assembly of chemotherapeutic agent and photosensitizer for cancer imaging and chemo-photo combination therapy. Acta Biomater 2018; 70:197-210. [PMID: 29408311 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanosized drug delivery systems (NDDS) with photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been extensively exploited to improve the therapeutic performance and bio-safety of chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer. In this work, a carrier-free nanodrug was developed by co-assembly of the anti-cancer agent ursolic acid (UA), an asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), which can recognize the target molecule lactobionic acid (LA), and the near-infrared (NIR) probe dye indocyanine green (ICG) to form UA-LA-ICG NPs by a simple and green self-assembly approach. The UA-LA-ICG NPs had suitable stability, showed controlled release profile of UA drugs, and exhibited preferable temperature response (∼59.4 °C) under laser irradiation (808 nm, 1 W/cm2). Compared with free ICG, the UA-LA-ICG NPs significantly enhanced the intracellular ICG uptake. Upon irradiation of the NIR laser, co-assembled nanodrugs demonstrated great performance as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) producer and exhibited more anti-proliferative activities on ASGPR-overexpressing HepG2 cells than ASGPR low-expressing HeLa cells. Meanwhile, in vivo NIR fluorescence imaging exhibited that the co-assembled nanodrugs were specifically targeted to the tumor by the active targeting property of LA, and its circulation time was much longer than that of free ICG. In addition, UA-LA-ICG NPs + NIR irradiation treatment displayed enhanced inhibitory effect on tumor growth in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Overall, the co-assembly of chemotherapeutic agent and photosensitizer by the self-assembly approach might open an alternative avenue and give inspiration to fabricate new carrier-free nanodrugs for cancer imaging and chemo-photo combination therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The present study for the first time reported carrier-free nanoparticles (NPs) by co-assembly of a natural product ursolic acid (UA), an asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)-recognized sugar molecule lactobionic acid (LA), and the near-infrared dye indocyanine green (ICG) through a simple and green approach. The preparation process of nanodrugs is simple, rapid, effective, and labor-saving. The co-assembled nanodrugs were capable of stabilizing the ICG molecules and specifically targeting to the tumor, which could increase the tumor accumulation in cancer imaging and also enhance the efficacy of chemo-phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Zhao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Guirong Zheng
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Lulu Fan
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Zhichun Shen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Jing-Wei Shao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
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