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Yang Y, Zhang H, Komasa S, Morimoto Y, Sekino T, Kawazoe T, Okazaki J. UV/ozone irradiation manipulates immune response for antibacterial activity and bone regeneration on titanium. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112377. [PMID: 34579896 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory antibacterial activity and osteoimmunomodulatory properties of implantable biomaterials significantly influence bone regeneration. Various types of ultraviolet (UV) instrument are currently in use to greatly enhance the antibacterial activity and osteoconductive capability of titanium, it remains unclear how UV treatment modulates immune response. Compared to traditional UV treatment, the combination of low-dose ozone with UV irradiation is considered a new option to give benefits to surface modification and reduce the drawbacks of UV and ozone individually. Herein, the aim of this study was to elucidate the immune-modulatory properties of macrophages on UV/ozone-irradiated titanium that serve as defense against S. aureus and the crosstalk between immune cells and osteoblasts. Three different cell and bacteria co-culture systems were developed in order to investigate the race between host cells and bacteria to occupy the surface. In vitro immunological experiments indicated that UV/ozone irradiation significantly enhanced the phagocytic and bactericidal activity of macrophages against S. aureus. Further, in vitro and in vivo studies evidenced the favorable osteoimmune environment for osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. This research suggests vital therapeutic potential of UV/ozone irradiation for preventing the biomaterial-associated infections and achieving favorable bone formation simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Honghao Zhang
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Komasa
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Morimoto
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tohru Sekino
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kawazoe
- Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Joji Okazaki
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
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Li F, Zhang R, Hu C, Ran Q, Xiang Y, Xiang L, Chen L, Yang Y, Li SC, Zhang G, Li Z. Irradiation Haematopoiesis Recovery Orchestrated by IL-12/IL-12Rβ1/TYK2/STAT3-Initiated Osteogenic Differentiation of Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:729293. [PMID: 34540843 PMCID: PMC8446663 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.729293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Repairing the irradiation-induced osteogenic differentiation injury of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) is beneficial to recovering haematopoiesis injury in radiotherapy; however, its mechanism is elusive. Our study aimed to help meet the needs of understanding the effects of radiotherapy on BM-MSC osteogenic potential. Methods and Materials Balb/c mice and the BM-MSCs were used to evaluate the irradiation-induced osteogenic differentiation injury in vivo. The cellular and molecular characterization were applied to determine the mechanism for recovery of irradiation-derived haematopoiesis injuries. Results We report a functional role of IL-12 in acute irradiation hematopoietic injury recovery and intend to dissect the possible mechanisms through BM-MSC, other than the direct effect of IL-12 on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Specifically, we show that early use of IL-12 enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs through IL-12Rβ1/TYK2/STAT3 signaling; furthermore, IL-12 induced osteogenesis facilitated bone formation and irradiation hematopoiesis recovery when transplanted BM-MSCs in the femur of Balb/c mice. For the mechanism of action, we found that IL-12 receptor beta 1 (IL-12Rβ1) expression of irradiated BM-MSCs was upregulated rapidly, coincidentally consistent with early use of IL-12 induced osteogenic differentiation enhancement. IL-12Rβ1 and tyrosine kinase 2 gene (Tyk2) silencing experiments and phosphotyrosine of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) suppression experiments indicated the IL-12Rβ1/TYK2/STAT3 signaling was essential in IL-12-induced osteogenic differentiation enhancement of BM-MSCs. Conclusion These findings suggested that IL-12 may exert BM-MSCs-based hematopoietic recovery by repairing osteogenic differentiation abilities damages through IL-12Rβ1/TYK2/STAT3 signaling pathway post-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjie Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Irradiation Biology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changpeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Ran
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Irradiation Biology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Irradiation Biology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixin Xiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Irradiation Biology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Irradiation Biology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Irradiation Biology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengwen Calvin Li
- CHOC Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Orange County, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Irradiation Biology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Jiang M, Feng J, Fu R, Pan Y, Liu X, Dai J, Jiang C, Hao Y, Ren M. Transfection of STAT3 overexpression plasmid mediated through recombinant lentivirus promotes differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neural cells in fetal rats with spina bifida aperta. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:21778-21790. [PMID: 34520395 PMCID: PMC8457560 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) on the spinal cord tissue grafts of rat fetuses with spina bifida aperta. In particular, we hoped to identify whether transfection of the STAT3 overexpression plasmid increases the survival of spinal cord transplantation in order to improve therapeutic efficacy. The fetal rat model of spina bifida aperta was established using retinoic acid and treated with a microsurgical injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The animals were divided into either the blank control group, negative control group or the experimental group. The optical density (OD) value of BMSCs viability was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The expression of STAT3, phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3), neural markers and apoptosis-related factors were evaluated using real-time PCR and Western blot. The OD value in the experimental group was highest at eight hours after transplantation using CCK-8. The expression of pSTAT3, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron-specific enolase, neurofilament and nestin in the experimental group was significantly higher compared to the blank control group and negative control group (P<0.05). However, STAT3 expression in the experimental group was statistically significantly decreased (P<0.05). The relative expression of caspase-8 and bcl-2 in the experimental group were significantly lower compared to the blank control group and negative control group (P<0.05). Transfection of the recombinant lentivirus-mediated STAT3 overexpression plasmid with BMSCs can help improve the efficiency of transforming into neural cells and provide new seed cells for the treatment of congenital spina bifida aperta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jiale Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Harbin, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
| | - Yanbo Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tieling Central Hospital, Tieling 112000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jicheng Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Chunming Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yunpeng Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Mingyong Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
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Altered Secretome of Diabetic Monocytes Could Negatively Influence Fracture Healing-An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179212. [PMID: 34502120 PMCID: PMC8430926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a main risk factor for delayed fracture healing and fracture non-unions. Successful fracture healing requires stimuli from different immune cells, known to be affected in diabetics. Especially, application of mononuclear cells has been proposed to promote wound and fracture healing. Thus, aim was to investigate the effect of pre-/diabetic conditions on mononuclear cell functions essential to promote osteoprogenitor cell function. We here show that pre-/diabetic conditions suppress the expression of chemokines, e.g., CCL2 and CCL8 in osteoprogenitor cells. The associated MCP-1 and MCP-2 were significantly reduced in serum of diabetics. Both MCPs chemoattract mononuclear THP-1 cells. Migration of these cells is suppressed under hyperglycemic conditions, proposing that less mononuclear cells invade the site of fracture in diabetics. Further, we show that the composition of cytokines secreted by mononuclear cells strongly differ between diabetics and controls. Similar is seen in THP-1 cells cultured under hyperinsulinemia or hyperglycemia. The altered secretome reduces the positive effect of the THP-1 cell conditioned medium on migration of osteoprogenitor cells. In summary, our data support that factors secreted by mononuclear cells may support fracture healing by promoting migration of osteoprogenitor cells but suggest that this effect might be reduced in diabetics.
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Saharkhiz M, Razavi FE, Riahi SM, Ayadilord M, Rostami Z, Naseri M. An In Vitro Study of the Effects of Crocin on the Modulation of DSPP, VEGF-A, HLA-G5, STAT3 and CD200 Expression in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2021; 23:239-249. [PMID: 34348036 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2021.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been recommended as promising candidate for cell-based therapeutic applications due to high potentials in tissue repair/regeneration and modulation of immune responses. The gene expression change strategy by natural plant enhancers is an available opportunity to improve the stemness properties of these cells. The objective of this research was the evaluation of Crocin effects (saffron plant's bioactive compound) on immunoregulation and tissue regeneration-related biomarkers expression in human DPSCs. Based on the results of cell viability assay, application of 400 μM and lower concentrations of Crocin had no toxic effects on DPSCs; however, the time-dependent cytotoxic effects were observed at higher concentrations. This study, probably for the first time, detected the surface expression of CD200 in DPSCs with a slight time-dependent upward trend and reported that treatment with Crocin could increase expression of this macromolecule up to many times over. Also, it revealed that this carotenoid significantly led to the time-dependent upregulation of dentin sialophosphoprotein, vascular endothelial growth factor A, human leukocyte antigen-G5, and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs); however, this significant upregulation for STAT3 occurred, followed by a remarkable reduction. The results of this study indicated that cell treatment with Crocin may be effective in improving the stemness capacities of DPSCs. Therefore, the study provided basis for more insights into the biological effects of Crocin on DPSCs that it may aid in the future improvement of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoore Saharkhiz
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fariba Emadian Razavi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Riahi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Malaksima Ayadilord
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zeinab Rostami
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohsen Naseri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Zhang B, Chen G, Chen X, Yang X, Fan T, Sun C, Chen Z. Integrating Bioinformatic Strategies with Real-World Data to Infer Distinctive Immunocyte Infiltration Landscape and Immunologically Relevant Transcriptome Fingerprints in Ossification of Ligamentum Flavum. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3665-3685. [PMID: 34354364 PMCID: PMC8331123 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s318009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is a multifactorial disease characterized by an insidious and debilitating process of abnormal bone formation in ligamentum tissues. However, its definite pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Potential links between the immune system and various forms of heterotopic ossification have been discussed for many years, whereas no research investigated the immune effects on the initiation and development of OLF. Therefore, we attempt to shed light on this issue. Methods A series of bioinformatic algorithms were integrated to evaluate the immune score and the immunocyte infiltration patterns between OLF and normal samples, screen OLF-related and immune-related differentially expressed genes (OIDEGs), and analyze their biological functions. Correlation analysis inferred OIDEGs-related differentially expressed lncRNAs (OIDELs) and infiltrating immune cells (OIICs) to construct an immunoregulatory network. Results Differential immune score and immune cell infiltration were determined between two groups, and 10 OIDEGs with diverse biological function annotations were identified and verified. A lncRNA-gene-immunocyte regulatory network further revealed 10 OIDEGs, 41 OIDELs and 7 OIICs that were highly correlated. Among them, CD1E and STAT3 were predicted as hub genes whether at the expression level or interaction level. cDCs emerged as having the most prominent differences and the highest degree of connectivity. FO393414.3, AC096734.1, LINC01137 and DLX6-AS1 with the greatest number of OIDEGs were thought to be more likely to participate in immunoregulation of OLF. Conclusion This is the first research to preliminarily elucidate OLF-related immunocyte infiltration landscape and immune-associated transcriptome signatures based on bioinformatic strategies and real-world data, which may provide compelling insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of OLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoliang Zhang
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Fan
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuiguo Sun
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqiang Chen
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
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57
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Influences of the IL-6 cytokine family on bone structure and function. Cytokine 2021; 146:155655. [PMID: 34332274 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The IL-6 family of cytokines comprises a large group of cytokines that all act via the formation of a signaling complex that includes the glycoprotein 130 (gp130) receptor. Despite this, many of these cytokines have unique roles that regulate the activity of bone forming osteoblasts, bone resorbing osteoclasts, bone-resident osteocytes, and cartilage cells (chondrocytes). These include specific functions in craniofacial development, longitudinal bone growth, and the maintenance of trabecular and cortical bone structure, and have been implicated in musculoskeletal pathologies such as craniosynostosis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and heterotopic ossifications. This review will work systematically through each member of this family and provide an overview and an update on the expression patterns and functions of each of these cytokines in the skeleton, as well as their negative feedback pathways, particularly suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). The specific cytokines described are interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 11 (IL-11), oncostatin M (OSM), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1), neuropoietin, humanin and interleukin 27 (IL-27).
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58
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Wang X, Chen X, Lu L, Yu X. Alcoholism and Osteoimmunology. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1815-1828. [PMID: 32334496 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190514101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic consumption of alcohol has an adverse effect on the skeletal system, which may lead to osteoporosis, delayed fracture healing and osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Currently, the treatment is limited, therefore, there is an urgent need to determine the underline mechanism and develop a new treatment. It is well-known that normal bone remodeling relies on the balance between osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and - mediated bone formation. Various factors can destroy the balance, including the dysfunction of the immune system. In this review, we summarized the relevant research in the alcoholic osteopenia with a focus on the abnormal osteoimmunology signals. We provided a new theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of the alcoholic bone. METHODS We searched PubMed for publications from 1 January 1980 to 1 February 2020 to identify relevant and recent literature, summarizing evaluation and the prospect of alcoholic osteopenia. Detailed search terms were 'alcohol', 'alcoholic osteoporosis', 'alcoholic osteopenia' 'immune', 'osteoimmunology', 'bone remodeling', 'osteoporosis treatment' and 'osteoporosis therapy'. RESULTS A total of 135 papers are included in the review. About 60 papers described the mechanisms of alcohol involved in bone remodeling. Some papers were focused on the pathogenesis of alcohol on bone through osteoimmune mechanisms. CONCLUSION There is a complex network of signals between alcohol and bone remodeling and intercellular communication of osteoimmune may be a potential mechanism for alcoholic bone. Studying the osteoimmune mechanism is critical for drug development specific to the alcoholic bone disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Wang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lingyun Lu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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59
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Qiao W, Wong KHM, Shen J, Wang W, Wu J, Li J, Lin Z, Chen Z, Matinlinna JP, Zheng Y, Wu S, Liu X, Lai KP, Chen Z, Lam YW, Cheung KMC, Yeung KWK. TRPM7 kinase-mediated immunomodulation in macrophage plays a central role in magnesium ion-induced bone regeneration. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2885. [PMID: 34001887 PMCID: PMC8128914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread observations on the osteogenic effects of magnesium ion (Mg2+), the diverse roles of Mg2+ during bone healing have not been systematically dissected. Here, we reveal a previously unknown, biphasic mode of action of Mg2+ in bone repair. During the early inflammation phase, Mg2+ contributes to an upregulated expression of transient receptor potential cation channel member 7 (TRPM7), and a TRPM7-dependent influx of Mg2+ in the monocyte-macrophage lineage, resulting in the cleavage and nuclear accumulation of TRPM7-cleaved kinase fragments (M7CKs). This then triggers the phosphorylation of Histone H3 at serine 10, in a TRPM7-dependent manner at the promoters of inflammatory cytokines, leading to the formation of a pro-osteogenic immune microenvironment. In the later remodeling phase, however, the continued exposure of Mg2+ not only lead to the over-activation of NF-κB signaling in macrophages and increased number of osteoclastic-like cells but also decelerates bone maturation through the suppression of hydroxyapatite precipitation. Thus, the negative effects of Mg2+ on osteogenesis can override the initial pro-osteogenic benefits of Mg2+. Taken together, this study establishes a paradigm shift in the understanding of the diverse and multifaceted roles of Mg2+ in bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR., China
| | - Karen H M Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhengjie Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zetao Chen
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhujiang New Town Clinic, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jukka P Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR., China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhuofan Chen
- Zhujiang New Town Clinic, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yun Wah Lam
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Kenneth M C Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kelvin W K Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China.
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Kreps LM, Addison CL. Targeting Intercellular Communication in the Bone Microenvironment to Prevent Disseminated Tumor Cell Escape from Dormancy and Bone Metastatic Tumor Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062911. [PMID: 33805598 PMCID: PMC7998601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis to the bone is a common feature of many cancers including those of the breast, prostate, lung, thyroid and kidney. Once tumors metastasize to the bone, they are essentially incurable. Bone metastasis is a complex process involving not only intravasation of tumor cells from the primary tumor into circulation, but extravasation from circulation into the bone where they meet an environment that is generally suppressive of their growth. The bone microenvironment can inhibit the growth of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) by inducing dormancy of the DTC directly and later on following formation of a micrometastatic tumour mass by inhibiting metastatic processes including angiogenesis, bone remodeling and immunosuppressive cell functions. In this review we will highlight some of the mechanisms mediating DTC dormancy and the complex relationships which occur between tumor cells and bone resident cells in the bone metastatic microenvironment. These inter-cellular interactions may be important targets to consider for development of novel effective therapies for the prevention or treatment of bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Kreps
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Christina L. Addison
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-737-7700
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Hathaway-Schrader JD, Novince CM. Maintaining homeostatic control of periodontal bone tissue. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:157-187. [PMID: 33690918 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar bone is a unique osseous tissue due to the proximity of dental plaque biofilms. Periodontal health and homeostasis are mediated by a balanced host immune response to these polymicrobial biofilms. Dysbiotic shifts within dental plaque biofilms can drive a proinflammatory immune response state in the periodontal epithelial and gingival connective tissues, which leads to paracrine signaling to subjacent bone cells. Sustained chronic periodontal inflammation disrupts "coupled" osteoclast-osteoblast actions, which ultimately result in alveolar bone destruction. This chapter will provide an overview of alveolar bone physiology and will highlight why the oral microbiota is a critical regulator of alveolar bone remodeling. The ecology of dental plaque biofilms will be discussed in the context that periodontitis is a polymicrobial disruption of host homeostasis. The pathogenesis of periodontal bone loss will be explained from both a historical and current perspective, providing the opportunity to revisit the role of fibrosis in alveolar bone destruction. Periodontal immune cell interactions with bone cells will be reviewed based on our current understanding of osteoimmunological mechanisms influencing alveolar bone remodeling. Lastly, probiotic and prebiotic interventions in the oral microbiota will be evaluated as potential noninvasive therapies to support alveolar bone homeostasis and prevent periodontal bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Hathaway-Schrader
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chad M Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Cao Y, Lv Q, Li Y. Astragaloside IV Improves Tibial Defect in Rats and Promotes Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of hBMSCs through MiR-124-3p.1/STAT3 Axis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:287-297. [PMID: 33464097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AST-IV) facilitates the proliferation and migration of osteoblast-like cells. We sought to explore the effect and potential mechanism of AST-IV on regeneration of tibial defects. To reveal the effect of AST-IV on regeneration of tibial defects in rat, HE staining and microcomputed tomography (μCT) were performed on tibial bone. The binding relationship between miR-124-3p.1 and STAT3 was analyzed by TargetScan V7.2 and a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hBMSCs) were identified by morphological observation and flow-cytometric analysis. To reveal the effect and mechanism of AST-IV on phenotypes of hBMSCs, hBMSCs were treated with AST-IV, miR-124-3p.1 mimic, and pcDNA-STAT3, and cell viability, cell cycle, ALP activity, and calcium deposition of hBMSCs in vitro were determined by MTT, flow-cytometric analysis, ELISA, and Alizarin red staining, respectively. The expressions of osteoblast marker molecules (RUNX2, OCN, Smad4), miR-124-3p.1, and STAT3 were indicated by RT-qPCR and Western blot. AST-IV decreased miR-124-3p.1 expression, increased STAT3 expression in tibial bone defects, and promoted regeneration of tibial bone defects in a concentration-dependent manner. The hBMSCs appeared spindle-shaped and were positive for CD105, but negative for CD34. MiR-124-3p.1 negatively regulated STAT3 expression in hBMSCs under osteogenic conditions. AST-IV promoted viability, cell cycle, ALP activity, and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs along with increased expressions of osteoblast marker molecules, which was partially reversed by miR-124-3p.1 overexpression. However, the effect of miR-124-3p.1 overexpression on hBMSCs was also partially reversed by STAT3 overexpression. AST-IV improves tibial defects in rats and promotes proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs through the miR-124-3p.1/STAT3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Cao
- Emergency Trauma Center, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Qiuxia Lv
- Department of Anorectal, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Yang Li
- Emergency Trauma Center, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
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Zhao J, Liu Z, Chang Z. Osteogenic differentiation and calcification of human aortic smooth muscle cells is induced by the RCN2/STAT3/miR-155-5p feedback loop. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 136:106821. [PMID: 33221530 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2020.106821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification (VC) is associated with the high morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in dialysis patients and is a process in which vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) actively differentiate into osteoblast-like cells. Reticulocalbin-2 (RCN2) is involved in the process of osteogenic differentiation under diabetic conditions, but its regulatory role under hyperphosphatemic conditions and the related mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the importance of the interactions among RCN2, STAT3 and miR-155-5p during the osteogenic differentiation and calcification of human aortic VSMCs (HASMCs) were investigated. METHODS RCN2 was measured in femoropopliteal artery plaque specimens from 6 peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 6 PAD patients without CKD. RCN2 protein and mRNA expression were assessed in the high phosphate-induced aortic rings culture ex vivo model. In vitro calcification assays and molecular mechanism studies were performed in HASMCs. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining results revealed increased RCN2 expression in the calcified plaques of femoral arteries of patients with CKD and in a high phosphate-induced aortic culture ex vivo model. RCN2 promoted HASMCs osteogenic differentiation and calcification by inducing STAT3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, inhibition of STAT3 activation by cryptotanshinone (CT) promoted miR-155-5p expression in HASMCs. In turn, miR-155-5p inhibited RCN2 mRNA expression, while RCN2 overexpression partially offset the miR-155-5p-mediated inhibition of HASMC calcification, acting as a positive feedback loop. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that RCN2 is a crucial regulator of VC under hyperphosphatemic conditions. RCN2/STAT3/miR-155-5p feedback loop is important in VC and targeting each member of this feedback loop could potentially reverse high phosphate-induced VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Chang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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Spampinato M, Giallongo C, Romano A, Longhitano L, La Spina E, Avola R, Scandura G, Dulcamare I, Bramanti V, Di Rosa M, Vicario N, Parenti R, Li Volti G, Tibullo D, Palumbo GA. Focus on Osteosclerotic Progression in Primary Myelofibrosis. Biomolecules 2021. [PMID: 33477816 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010122.pmid:33477816;pmcid:pmc7832894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by hematopoietic stem-cell-derived clonal proliferation, leading to bone marrow (BM) fibrosis. Hematopoiesis alterations are closely associated with modifications of the BM microenvironment, characterized by defective interactions between vascular and endosteal niches. As such, neoangiogenesis, megakaryocytes hyperplasia and extensive bone marrow fibrosis, followed by osteosclerosis and bone damage, are the most relevant consequences of PMF. Moreover, bone tissue deposition, together with progressive fibrosis, represents crucial mechanisms of disabilities in patients. Although the underlying mechanisms of bone damage observed in PMF are still unclear, the involvement of cytokines, growth factors and bone marrow microenvironment resident cells have been linked to disease progression. Herein, we focused on the role of megakaryocytes and their alterations, associated with cytokines and chemokines release, in modulating functions of most of the bone marrow cell populations and in creating a complex network where impaired signaling strongly contributes to progression and disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Spampinato
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Cesarina Giallongo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Division of Hematology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Longhitano
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico La Spina
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Division of Hematology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Avola
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Scandura
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Division of Hematology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dulcamare
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Division of Hematology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bramanti
- Division of Clinical Pathology, "Giovanni Paolo II" Hospital-A.S.P. Ragusa, 97100 Ragusa, Italy
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe A Palumbo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Spampinato M, Giallongo C, Romano A, Longhitano L, La Spina E, Avola R, Scandura G, Dulcamare I, Bramanti V, Di Rosa M, Vicario N, Parenti R, Li Volti G, Tibullo D, Palumbo GA. Focus on Osteosclerotic Progression in Primary Myelofibrosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010122. [PMID: 33477816 PMCID: PMC7832894 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by hematopoietic stem-cell-derived clonal proliferation, leading to bone marrow (BM) fibrosis. Hematopoiesis alterations are closely associated with modifications of the BM microenvironment, characterized by defective interactions between vascular and endosteal niches. As such, neoangiogenesis, megakaryocytes hyperplasia and extensive bone marrow fibrosis, followed by osteosclerosis and bone damage, are the most relevant consequences of PMF. Moreover, bone tissue deposition, together with progressive fibrosis, represents crucial mechanisms of disabilities in patients. Although the underlying mechanisms of bone damage observed in PMF are still unclear, the involvement of cytokines, growth factors and bone marrow microenvironment resident cells have been linked to disease progression. Herein, we focused on the role of megakaryocytes and their alterations, associated with cytokines and chemokines release, in modulating functions of most of the bone marrow cell populations and in creating a complex network where impaired signaling strongly contributes to progression and disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Spampinato
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.L.); (R.A.); (D.T.)
| | - Cesarina Giallongo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Division of Hematology, A.O.U. “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (E.L.S.); (G.S.); (I.D.)
| | - Lucia Longhitano
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.L.); (R.A.); (D.T.)
| | - Enrico La Spina
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Division of Hematology, A.O.U. “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (E.L.S.); (G.S.); (I.D.)
| | - Roberto Avola
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.L.); (R.A.); (D.T.)
| | - Grazia Scandura
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Division of Hematology, A.O.U. “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (E.L.S.); (G.S.); (I.D.)
| | - Ilaria Dulcamare
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Division of Hematology, A.O.U. “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.R.); (E.L.S.); (G.S.); (I.D.)
| | - Vincenzo Bramanti
- Division of Clinical Pathology, “Giovanni Paolo II” Hospital–A.S.P. Ragusa, 97100 Ragusa, Italy;
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.L.); (R.A.); (D.T.)
- Correspondence: (G.L.V.); (G.A.P.)
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.L.); (R.A.); (D.T.)
| | - Giuseppe A. Palumbo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.L.V.); (G.A.P.)
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Chen Z, Xie H, Yuan J, Lan Y, Xie Z. Krüppel-like factor 6 promotes odontoblastic differentiation through regulating the expression of dentine sialophosphoprotein and dentine matrix protein 1 genes. Int Endod J 2021; 54:572-584. [PMID: 33200415 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the potential role of Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) in the odontoblastic differentiation of immortalized dental papilla mesenchymal cells (iMDP-3) cells. METHODOLOGY Alizarin Red S (ARS) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining was used to examine the mineralization effect of iMDP-3 cells after odontoblastic induction. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were employed to analyse dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentine matrix protein 1 (DMP1), RUNX family transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), ALP and KLF6 expression during this process. Co-expression of the KLF6 with DMP1, DSPP and RUNX2 was detected by double immunofluorescence staining to explore their local relationship in the cell. To further investigate KLF6 functions, Klf6 gain- and loss-of-function assays followed by ARS and ALP stainings, real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed using Klf6-overexpression plasmids and Klf6 siRNA to investigate whether changes in Klf6 expression affect the odontoblastic differentiation of iMDP-3 cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to elucidate the mechanistic regulation of Dspp and Dmp1 expression by Klf6. Means were compared using the unpaired t-test and Kruskal-Wallis one-way anova with P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 defined as statistical significance levels. RESULTS The expression levels of Klf6 (P < 0.01), Dspp (P < 0.05), Dmp1 (P < 0.01), Runx2 (P < 0.01) and Alp (P < 0.01) were significantly elevated during odontoblastic differentiation of iMDP-3 cells. KLF6 was co-localized with DSPP, DMP1 and RUNX2 in the cytoplasm and nucleus of iMDP-3 cells. Overexpression of Klf6 promoted the odontoblastic differentiation of iMDP-3, whereas the inhibition of Klf6 prevented this procession. Dual-luciferase assays revealed that Klf6 upregulates Dspp and Dmp1 transcription in iMDP-3 cells during odontoblastic differentiation. CONCLUSION Klf6 promoted odontoblastic differentiation by targeting the transcription promoter of Dmp1 and Dspp. This study may offer novel insights into strategies for treating injuries to dental pulp tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - H Xie
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - J Yuan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y Lan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Z Xie
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Niu Y, Wang Z, Shi Y, Dong L, Wang C. Modulating macrophage activities to promote endogenous bone regeneration: Biological mechanisms and engineering approaches. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:244-261. [PMID: 32913932 PMCID: PMC7451865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A coordinated interaction between osteogenesis and osteoimmune microenvironment is essential for successful bone healing. In particular, macrophages play a central regulatory role in all stages of bone repair. Depending on the signals they sense, these highly plastic cells can mediate the host immune response against the exterior signals of molecular stimuli and implanted scaffolds, to exert regenerative potency to a varying extent. In this article, we first encapsulate the immunomodulatory functions of macrophages during bone regeneration into three aspects, as sweeper, mediator and instructor. We introduce the phagocytic role of macrophages in different bone healing periods ('sweeper') and overview a variety of paracrine cytokines released by macrophages either mediating cell mobilisation, vascularisation and matrix remodelling ('mediator'), or directly driving the osteogenic differentiation of bone progenitors and bone repair ('instructor'). Then, we systematically classify and discuss the emerging engineering strategies to recruit, activate and modulate the phenotype transition of macrophages, to exploit the power of endogenous macrophages to enhance the performance of engineered bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yuchen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Macau SAR, China
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Zhang ZQ, Hu XS, Lu YC, Zhang JP, Li WY, Zhang WY, Feng W, Ding DF, Xu JG. MEK1/2 Inhibitor (GDC0623) Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Primary Osteoblasts Inhibited by IL-1 β through the MEK-Erk1/2 and Jak/Stat3 Pathways. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:5720145. [PMID: 34976051 PMCID: PMC8716208 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5720145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects and mechanisms of GDC0623 on osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts induced by IL-1β. Methodology. Osteoblasts were treated with 20 ng/ml IL-1β and 0.1 µM GDC0623. Cell proliferation levels were evaluated by the cell counting kit 8 (CCK8), EdU assay, and western blotting [proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Cyclin D1]. Osteoblasts were cultured in an osteogenic induction medium for 1-3 weeks after which their differentiations were assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin Red staining, calcium concentration, immunocytochemistry staining, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and immunofluorescence staining. The osteogenesis-associated mechanisms were further evaluated by western blotting using appropriate antibodies. RESULTS Relative to the control group, IL-1β induced the rapid proliferation of osteoblasts and suppressed their osteogenic differentiations by upregulating the activities of MEK-Erk1/2 as well as Jak-Stat3 pathways and by elevating MMP13 and MMP9 levels. However, blocking of the MEK-Erk1/2 signaling pathway by GDC0623 treatment reversed these effects. CONCLUSION Inhibition of Jak-Stat3 pathway by C188-9 downregulated the expression levels of MMP9 and MMP13, activated MEK-Erk1/2 pathway, and inhibited osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Qiao Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Shen Hu
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye-Chen Lu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Peng Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Yao Li
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Yang Zhang
- School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dao-Fang Ding
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guang Xu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yang N, Liu Y. The Role of the Immune Microenvironment in Bone Regeneration. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3697-3707. [PMID: 34790042 PMCID: PMC8579305 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.61080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is an active tissue, being constantly renewed in healthy individuals with participation of the immune system to a large extent. Any imbalance between the processes of bone formation and bone resorption is linked to various inflammatory bone diseases. The immune system plays an important role in tissue formation and bone resorption. Recently, many studies have demonstrated complex interactions between the immune and skeletal systems. Both of immune cells and cytokines contribute to the regulation of bone homeostasis, and bone cells, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, also influence the cellular functions of immune cells. These crosstalk mechanisms between the bone and immune system finally emerged, forming a new field of research called osteoimmunology. Therefore, the immune microenvironment is crucial in determining the speed and outcome of bone healing, repair, and regeneration. In this review, we summarise the role of the immune microenvironment in bone regeneration from the aspects of immune cells and immune cytokines. The elucidation of immune mechanisms involved in the process of bone regeneration would provide new therapeutic targets for improving the curative effects of bone injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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Zhang C, Li T, Zhou C, Huang L, Li Y, Wang H, Duan P, Zou S, Mei L. Parathyroid hormone increases alveolar bone homoeostasis during orthodontic tooth movement in rats with periodontitis via crosstalk between STAT3 and β-catenin. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:38. [PMID: 33380723 PMCID: PMC7773736 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-00104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis patients are at risk of alveolar bone loss during orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether intermittent parathyroid hormone (1–34) treatment (iPTH) could reduce alveolar bone loss during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in individuals with periodontitis and the underlying mechanism. A rat model of OTM in the context of periodontitis was established and alveolar bone loss was observed. The control, iPTH and iPTH + stattic groups received injections of vehicle, PTH and vehicle, or PTH and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor stattic, respectively. iPTH prevented alveolar bone loss by enhancing osteogenesis and suppressing bone resorption in the alveolar bone during OTM in rats with periodontitis. This effect of iPTH was along with STAT3 activation and reduced by a local injection of stattic. iPTH promoted osteoblastic differentiation and might further regulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in a STAT3-dependent manner. The findings of this study suggest that iPTH might reduce alveolar bone loss during OTM in rats with periodontitis through STAT3/β-catenin crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiancheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peipei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Shujuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Li Mei
- Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
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71
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Chen K, Jiao Y, Liu L, Huang M, He C, He W, Hou J, Yang M, Luo X, Li C. Communications Between Bone Marrow Macrophages and Bone Cells in Bone Remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:598263. [PMID: 33415105 PMCID: PMC7783313 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.598263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian skeleton is a metabolically active organ that continuously undergoes bone remodeling, a process of tightly coupled bone resorption and formation throughout life. Recent studies have expanded our knowledge about the interactions between cells within bone marrow in bone remodeling. Macrophages resident in bone (BMMs) can regulate bone metabolism via secreting numbers of cytokines and exosomes. This review summarizes the current understanding of factors, exosomes, and hormones that involved in the communications between BMMs and other bone cells including mensenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and so on. We also discuss the role of BMMs and potential therapeutic approaches targeting BMMs in bone remodeling related diseases such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yurui Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chen He
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenzhen He
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianghang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Changjun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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72
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Molstad DHH, Zars E, Norton A, Mansky KC, Westendorf JJ, Bradley EW. Hdac3 deletion in myeloid progenitor cells enhances bone healing in females and limits osteoclast fusion via Pmepa1. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21804. [PMID: 33311522 PMCID: PMC7733476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies examining the role of the histone deacetylase Hdac3 within myeloid cells demonstrated that Hdac3 promotes M2 activation and tissue healing in inflammatory conditions. Since myeloid lineage cells are required for proper bone formation and regeneration, in this study we examined the functions of Hdac3 during bone healing. Conditional deletion of Hdac3 within myeloid progenitors accelerates healing of cortical bone defects. Moreover, reduced osteoclast numbers within the defect site are correlated with Hdac3 suppression. Ex vivo osteoclastogenesis assays further demonstrate that Hdac3 deficiency limits osteoclastogenesis, the number of nuclei per cell and bone resorption, suggesting a defect in cell fusion. High throughput RNA sequencing identified the transmembrane protein Pmepa1 as a differentially expressed gene within osteoclast progenitor cells. Knockdown of Pmepa1 partially restores defects in osteoclastogenesis induced by Hdac3 deficiency. These results show that Hdac3 is required for optimal bone healing and osteoclast fusion, potentially via its regulation of Pmepa1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H H Molstad
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Minnesota, Elizabeth W. Bradley, 100 Church St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Elizabeth Zars
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew Norton
- Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kim C Mansky
- Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Bradley
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Minnesota, Elizabeth W. Bradley, 100 Church St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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73
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Clunie G, Horwood N. Loss and gain of bone in spondyloarthritis: what drives these opposing clinical features? Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2020; 12:1759720X20969260. [PMID: 33240403 PMCID: PMC7675871 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x20969260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The breadth of bone lesion types seen in spondyloarthritis is unprecedented in
medicine and includes increased bone turnover, bone loss and fragility,
osteitis, osteolysis and erosion, osteosclerosis, osteoproliferation of soft
tissues adjacent to bone and spinal skeletal structure weakness. Remarkably,
these effects can be present simultaneously in the same patient. The search for
a potential unifying cause of effects on the skeleton necessarily focuses on
inflammation arising from the dysregulation of immune response to
microorganisms, particularly dysregulation of TH17 lymphocytes, and
the dysbiosis of established gut and other microbiota. The compelling notion
that a common antecedent pathological mechanism affects existing bone and
tissues with bone-forming potential (entheses), simultaneously with variable
effect in the former but bone-forming in the latter, drives basic research
forward and focuses our awareness on the effects on these bone mechanisms of the
increasing portfolio of targeted immunotherapies used in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Clunie
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Box, 204 Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Nicole Horwood
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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74
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Du J, Yang J, He Z, Cui J, Yang Y, Xu M, Qu X, Zhao N, Yan M, Li H, Yu Z. Osteoblast and Osteoclast Activity Affect Bone Remodeling Upon Regulation by Mechanical Loading-Induced Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Expression in Osteocytes. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:585056. [PMID: 33324677 PMCID: PMC7726425 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.585056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bone remodeling is affected by mechanical stimulation. Osteocytes are the primary mechanical load-sensing cells in the bone, and can regulate osteoblast and osteoclast activity, thus playing a key role in bone remodeling. Further, bone mass during exercise is also regulated by Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). This study aimed to investigate the role of LIF in the mechanical response of the bone, in vivo and in vitro, and to elucidate the mechanism by which osteocytes secrete LIF to regulate osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Methods A tail-suspension (TS) mouse model was used in this study to mimic muscular disuse. ELISA and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect bone and serum LIF levels. Micro-computed tomography (CT) of the mouse femurs was performed to measure three-dimensional bone structure parameters. Fluid shear stress (FSS) and microgravity simulation experiments were performed to study mechanical stress-induced LIF secretion and its resultant effects. Bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured to induce in vitro osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis, respectively. Results Micro-CT results showed that TS mice exhibited deteriorated bone microstructure and lower serum LIF expression. LIF secretion by osteocytes was promoted by FSS and was repressed in a microgravity environment. Further experiments showed that LIF could elevate the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in BMM-derived osteoclasts through the STAT3 signaling pathway. LIF also enhanced alkaline phosphatase staining and osteogenesis-related gene expression during the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Conclusion Mechanical loading affected LIF expression levels in osteocytes, thereby altering the balance between osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingke Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China; School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihao He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Arthritis Clinic and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junqi Cui
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingming Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengning Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanjun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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75
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Zhang Q, Wu B, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Guo Y, Gong P, Xiang L. CGRP-modulated M2 macrophages regulate osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 via Yap1. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108697. [PMID: 33232717 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone fractures are one of the most frequent injuries in the musculoskeletal system. Despite the best treatment efforts, a large proportion of bone fracture cases still display undesirable outcomes. Here, we verified that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a 37-amino acid neuropeptides, might be a critical regulator that link the nervous, immune and skeletal systems during bone healing. We used a CGRP overexpression lentiviral system and stably transfected M2 macrophages. Then, we investigated the biological function and the intrinsic mechanisms of CGRP on M2 macrophages. We confirmed that CGRP downregulated osteogenic factors (BMP2, BMP6, WNT10b and OSM) secretion at first and promoted them late on (p < 0.05). In addition, we utilized an indirect coculture system and further ascertain the influences of CGRP-induced M2 macrophages on MC3T3 osteogenesis. The results implied that CGRP-modulated osteoimmune environment elicit multiple effects on osteogenesis of MC3T3 during the entire observation period. Notably, verteporfin, a yes-associated protein 1 (Yap1) inhibitor, impaired CGRP effects significantly in our experiments. Taken together, our findings illustrated that CGRP might regulate osteogenesis by modulating the osteoimmune response of M2 macrophages via Yap1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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76
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Zhang Y, Gao H, Li H, Guo J, Ouyang B, Wang M, Xu Q, Wang J, Lv M, Guo X, Liu Q, Wei L, Ren H, Xi Y, Guo Y, Ren B, Pan S, Liu C, Ding X, Xiang H, Yu Y, Song Y, Meng L, Liu S, Wang J, Jiang Y, Shi J, Liu S, Sabir JS, Sabir MJ, Khan M, Hajrah NH, Ming-Yuen Lee S, Xu X, Yang H, Wang J, Fan G, Yang N, Liu X. The White-Spotted Bamboo Shark Genome Reveals Chromosome Rearrangements and Fast-Evolving Immune Genes of Cartilaginous Fish. iScience 2020; 23:101754. [PMID: 33251490 PMCID: PMC7677710 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrichthyan (cartilaginous fish) occupies a key phylogenetic position and is important for investigating evolutionary processes of vertebrates. However, limited whole genomes impede our in-depth knowledge of important issues such as chromosome evolution and immunity. Here, we report the chromosome-level genome of white-spotted bamboo shark. Combing it with other shark genomes, we reconstructed 16 ancestral chromosomes of bamboo shark and illustrate a dynamic chromosome rearrangement process. We found that genes on 13 fast-evolving chromosomes can be enriched in immune-related pathways. And two chromosomes contain important genes that can be used to develop single-chain antibodies, which were shown to have high affinity to human disease markers by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also found three bone formation-related genes were lost due to chromosome rearrangements. Our study highlights the importance of chromosome rearrangements, providing resources for understanding of cartilaginous fish diversification and potential application of single-chain antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolei Zhang
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Haoyang Gao
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Hanbo Li
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Bingjie Ouyang
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Meiniang Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Qiwu Xu
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Meiqi Lv
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Qun Liu
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Likun Wei
- City University of Hongkong, Kowloon, Hongkong SAR
| | - Han Ren
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yang Xi
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yang Guo
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Bingzhao Ren
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shanshan Pan
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Chuxin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Haitao Xiang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yingjia Yu
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yue Song
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Lingfeng Meng
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jun Wang
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Complete Genomics, Inc., San Jose, CA 95134, USA
| | - Jiahai Shi
- City University of Hongkong, Kowloon, Hongkong SAR
| | - Shiping Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Jamal S.M. Sabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mumdooh J. Sabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhummadh Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid H. Hajrah
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Macao, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guangyi Fan
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Macao, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Naibo Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Complete Genomics, Inc., San Jose, CA 95134, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
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Sanpaolo ER, Rotondo C, Cici D, Corrado A, Cantatore FP. JAK/STAT pathway and molecular mechanism in bone remodeling. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9087-9096. [PMID: 33099760 PMCID: PMC7674338 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
JAK/STAT signaling pathway is involved in many diseases, including autoimmune diseases, which are characterized by a close interconnection between immune and bone system. JAK/STAT pathway is involved in bone homeostasis and plays an important role in proliferation and differentiation of some cell types, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Different molecules, such as cytokines, hormones, and growth factors are responsible for the activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, which leads, at the nuclear level, to start DNA transcription of target genes. Bone cells and remodeling process are often influenced by many cytokines, which act as strong stimulators of bone formation and resorption. Our aim, through careful research in literature, has been to provide an overview of the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in bone remodeling and on bone cells, with a focus on cytokines involved in bone turnover through this signal cascade. The JAK/STAT pathway, through the signal cascade activation mediated by the interaction with many cytokines, acts on bone cells and appears to be involved in bone remodeling process. However, many other studies are needed to completely understand the molecular mechanism underlying these bone process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Rita Sanpaolo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Rheumatology Clinic, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Rotondo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Rheumatology Clinic, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Cici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Rheumatology Clinic, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia, Italy
| | - Ada Corrado
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Rheumatology Clinic, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Cantatore
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Rheumatology Clinic, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia, Italy
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Sridharan R, Genoud KJ, Kelly DJ, O’Brien FJ. Hydroxyapatite Particle Shape and Size Influence MSC Osteogenesis by Directing the Macrophage Phenotype in Collagen-Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7562-7574. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rukmani Sridharan
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2 D02 YN77, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Katelyn J. Genoud
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2 D02 YN77, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2 D02 YN77, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O’Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2 D02 YN77, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), RCSI and TCD, Dublin 2 D02 PN40, Ireland
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Zhao SJ, Liu H, Chen J, Qian DF, Kong FQ, Jie J, Yin GY, Li QQ, Fan J. Macrophage GIT1 Contributes to Bone Regeneration by Regulating Inflammatory Responses in an ERK/NRF2-Dependent Way. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2015-2031. [PMID: 32460388 PMCID: PMC7689802 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the best treatment, approximately 10% of fractures still face undesirable repair. Recently, many studies have focused on the importance of macrophages in bone repair; however, the cellular mechanisms by which they work are not yet fully understood. In this study, we explored the functions of macrophage G-protein-coupled receptor interacting protein 1 (GIT1) in healing a tibial monocortical defect model. Using GIT1flox/flox Lyz2-Cre (GIT1 CKO) mice, we observed that a GIT1 deficiency in the macrophages led to an exacerbation of interleukin 1β (IL1β) production, more M1-like macrophage infiltration, and impaired intramembranous ossification in vivo. The results of in vitro assays further indicated that the macrophage GIT1 plays a critical role in several cellular processes in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), such as anti-oxidation, IL1β production alleviation, and glycolysis control. Although GIT1 has been recognized as a scaffold protein, our data clarified that GIT1-mediated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation could activate nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) in macrophages after LPS treatment. Moreover, we demonstrated that macrophage GIT1-activated ERK/NRF2 negatively regulates the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), facilitating the decrease of glycolysis. Our findings uncovered a previously unrecognized role of GIT1 in regulating ERK/NRF2 in macrophages to control the inflammatory response, suggesting that macrophage GIT1 could be a potential target to improve bone regeneration. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research..
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ding-Fei Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan-Qi Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Jie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Pukou Branch of Jiangsu Province Hospital (Nanjing Pukou Central Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Yong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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80
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Wang Q, Xu L, Helmholz H, Willumeit-Römer R, Luthringer-Feyerabend BJC. Effects of degradable magnesium on paracrine signaling between human umbilical cord perivascular cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5969-5983. [PMID: 32975550 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00834f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) interact with numerous immune cells that can promote regenerative processes and inhibit inflammatory responses. We hypothesised that the cross-talk between human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPV; an alternative source of MSC) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) could be influenced by degradable transwell magnesium (Mg). To study the correlations between paracrine signaling and specific cellular behaviour during the host response to Mg, we used a transwell coculture system for up to 7 days. The proliferation and viability of both cell types were not significantly influenced by Mg. When HUCPV were cultured with degradable Mg, a moderate inflammation (e.g., lower secretions of pro-inflammatory interleukin 1 beta and IL2, and tumour necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, anti-inflammatory interleukins 4, 5, 10, 13, and 1 receptor antagonists and granulocyte colony stimulating factor), and an increased pro-healing M2 macrophage phenotype were observed. Moreover, when PBMC were cultured with degradable Mg, the expression of migration/wound healing related cytokines (interleukin 8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α/β) was upregulated, accompanied by an increase in the migration ability of HUCPV (cell scratch assay). In addition, an increased pro-osteogenic potential was demonstrated via an increase of osteoblastic markers (e.g., alkaline phosphatase activity, specific gene expression and cytokine release). These results collectively imply that Mg possesses osteo-immunomodulatory properties. They also help to design Mg-based bone substitute biomaterials capable of exhibiting desired immune reactions and good clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Institute of Materials Research, Division for Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Geesthacht, Germany.
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81
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Hozain S, Cottrell J. CDllb+ targeted depletion of macrophages negatively affects bone fracture healing. Bone 2020; 138:115479. [PMID: 32535290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an important part of the fracture repair process which requires osteogenic cells to interact with innate immune cells such as macrophages. All murine macrophages express the F4/80 cell surface marker but they may be further subdivided into two main phenotypes: M1 (proinflammatory) or M2 (anti-inflammatory) based on surface marker expression and function. Macrophages polarize between these two main classes in response to inflammation while differentially regulating the healing process. Studies have shown that F4/80+ cell ablation impairs fracture healing, however, the distinct phenotypes that participate in the early healing process is unclear. We hypothesized that the M1 subtype is essential for the early steps of fracture healing and their depletion would impair fracture repair. To test this hypothesis, M1 (F4/80+/MHCII+/CD86+/CDllb+) macrophages were depleted using a saporin conjugated Mac-1 antibody (Mac1SAP) in vitro using primary macrophages and in vivo using a mouse femur fracture model. Primary macrophages isolated from mice femoral bone marrow were either left undifferentiated (+PBS), differentiated into M1 macrophages (+LPS), or differentiated to M2 macrophages (+IL-4), and then treated with either vehicle or 10 pM Mac1SAP. Samples were collected at day 2 and 5 post Mac1SAP treatment. Macrophage subtypes were identified by flow cytometry and cytokine secretion profiles were quantified using xMAP. For the in vivo model, mice were treated with Mac1SAP 24 h prior to fracture. Femur bone marrow samples were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry, xMAP, immunohistochemistry, MicroCT, and histology. The results demonstrated that Mac1SAP significantly depleted M1 macrophages both in vivo and in vitro. Mac1SAP treatment altered expression of 75% of cytokines in vitro and 30% of cytokines in vivo including IL-6, TNF-a, and IP-10. In both the in vitro and in vivo models, the M1 subtype correlated highly with cytokines G-CSF, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-10, LIX, KC, MCP-1, IP-10, MIP1α, MIP1β, RANTES, IL-9, IL-2 and TNFα. M1 depletion was also found to reduced callus properties at day 14 via microCT analysis. Overall, the data suggests that depletion of M1 macrophages by Mac1SAP treatment alters the cytokine expression profiles during early bone repair which ultimately impairs bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hozain
- Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, United States of America
| | - Jessica Cottrell
- Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, United States of America.
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82
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Yuan Y, Jiang Y, Wang B, Guo Y, Gong P, Xiang L. Deficiency of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Affects Macrophage Polarization in Osseointegration. Front Physiol 2020; 11:733. [PMID: 32848807 PMCID: PMC7412000 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have been described as a critical cell population regulating bone regeneration and osseointegration, and their polarization phenotype is of particular importance. Several studies have shown that calcitonin gene-related peptide-α (CGRP) might modulate macrophage polarization in inflammatory response and bone metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CGRP on macrophage polarization in titanium osseointegration. In vitro, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from C57BL/6 or CGRP–/– mice were obtained and activated for M1 and M2 polarization. Flow cytometry and real-time PCR were used to evaluate the M1/M2 polarization and inflammatory function. In vivo, mice were divided into 3 groups: wild-type, CGRP–/–, and CGRP–/– mice with CGRP lentivirus. After extraction of the maxillary first molar, 0.6 mm × 1.25 mm titanium implants were emplaced. Bone formation and inflammation levels around implants were then observed and analyzed. The results of flow cytometry demonstrated that CGRP deficiency promoted M1 polarization and inhibited M2 polarization in BMDMs, which was consistent with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression levels in real-time PCR. In vivo, compared with the CGRP–/– group, the CGRP gene transfection group displayed better osseointegration and lower inflammation levels, close to those of the wild-type group. These results revealed that CGRP might play roles in macrophage polarization. In addition, CGRP deficiency could inhibit osseointegration in murine maxillae, while CGRP recovery by lentivirus transfection could improve osseointegration and regulate macrophage phenotype expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Davidson RK, Himes ER, Takigawa S, Chen A, Horn MR, Meijome T, Wallace JM, Kacena MA, Yokota H, Nguyen AV, Li J. The loss of STAT3 in mature osteoclasts has detrimental effects on bone structure. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236891. [PMID: 32730332 PMCID: PMC7392311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) has recently been shown to be involved in bone development and has been implicated in bone diseases, such as Job’s Syndrome. Bone growth and changes have been known for many years to differ between sexes with male bones tending to have higher bone mass than female bones and older females tending to lose bone mass at faster rates than older males. Previous studies using conditional knock mice with Stat3 specifically deleted from the osteoblasts showed both sexes exhibited decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and strength. Using the Cre-Lox system with Cathepsin K promotor driving Cre to target the deletion of the Stat3 gene in mature osteoclasts (STAT3-cKO mice), we observed that 8-week old STAT3-cKO female femurs exhibited significantly lower BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) compared to littermate control (CN) females. There were no differences in BMD and BMC observed between male knock-out and male CN femurs. However, micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis showed that both male and female STAT3-cKO mice had significant decreases in bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV). Bone histomorphometry analysis of the distal femur, further revealed a decrease in bone formation rate and mineralizing surface/bone surface (MS/BS) with a significant decrease in osteoclast surface in female, but not male, STAT3-cKO mice. Profiling gene expression in an osteoclastic cell line with a knockdown of STAT3 showed an upregulation of a number of genes that are directly regulated by estrogen receptors. These data collectively suggest that regulation of STAT3 differs in male and female osteoclasts and that inactivation of STAT3 in osteoclasts affects bone turnover more in females than males, demonstrating the complicated nature of STAT3 signaling pathways in osteoclastogenesis. Drugs targeting the STAT3 pathway may be used for treatment of diseases such as Job’s Syndrome and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K. Davidson
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Evan R. Himes
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Shinya Takigawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Andy Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - M. Ryne Horn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Tomas Meijome
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Melissa A. Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Andrew V. Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Geology, the City University of New York-Queensborough Community College, Bayside, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JL); (AVN)
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JL); (AVN)
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84
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Cersosimo F, Lonardi S, Bernardini G, Telfer B, Mandelli GE, Santucci A, Vermi W, Giurisato E. Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Osteosarcoma: From Mechanisms to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5207. [PMID: 32717819 PMCID: PMC7432207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcomas (OSs) are bone tumors most commonly found in pediatric and adolescent patients characterized by high risk of metastatic progression and recurrence after therapy. Effective therapeutic management of this disease still remains elusive as evidenced by poor patient survival rates. To achieve a more effective therapeutic management regimen, and hence patient survival, there is a need to identify more focused targeted therapies for OSs treatment in the clinical setting. The role of the OS tumor stroma microenvironment plays a significant part in the development and dissemination of this disease. Important components, and hence potential targets for treatment, are the tumor-infiltrating macrophages that are known to orchestrate many aspects of OS stromal signaling and disease progression. In particular, increased infiltration of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has been associated with OS metastasis and poor patient prognosis despite currently used aggressive therapies regimens. This review aims to provide a summary update of current macrophage-centered knowledge and to discuss the possible roles that macrophages play in the process of OS metastasis development focusing on the potential influence of stromal cross-talk signaling between TAMs, cancer-stem cells and additional OSs tumoral microenvironment factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cersosimo
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.C.); (G.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (G.E.M.); (W.V.)
| | - Giulia Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.C.); (G.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Brian Telfer
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Giulio Eugenio Mandelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (G.E.M.); (W.V.)
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.C.); (G.B.); (A.S.)
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (G.E.M.); (W.V.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emanuele Giurisato
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.C.); (G.B.); (A.S.)
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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85
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Lao W, Luo Q, Chen Y, Yao W, Xu J, Fan L, Li X. Preparation and biological evaluations of a collagen-like hierarchical Ti surface with superior osteogenic capabilities. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5472-5482. [PMID: 32463060 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00799d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The construction of multiscale Ti surfaces of high osteogenic ability has always attracted significant attention in the fields of oral implantology and implantable biomaterials. However, to date, the absence of a solid understanding of the correlation between the multiscale surface structure and the biological properties is the main obstacle in the development of these multiscale implants. In this study, a series of novel multiscale Ti surfaces were prepared via a three-step subtractive method. Moreover, based on the grayscale analysis of SEM images, we developed multiscale surface topography analysis methods. The typical topography characteristics at each scale of a multiscale complex surface can be analyzed according to the corresponding magnified SEM images. Thus, the evolution rule of the surface topography from a simple surface to multiscale complex surfaces can be mathematically described. Based on this, the correlation between multiscale surface structures and the corresponding biological properties was established. For the multiscale surface of superior osteogenic capacity, strict inherent regularity was found among the structures at multiple scales (i.e., multiscale order), that is, there was a balance between the construction of the 3D collagen-like network nanostructure and the preservation of the typical topographical features of the pre-existing macro- and micro-structures of the classic micro-roughened surface. Moreover, it was further found that the multiscale-ordered hierarchical Ti surface structure could modulate ROS production and enhance macrophage M2 polarization to create an osteogenesis-favorable immuno-inflammatory microenvironment and synergistically exhibit superior biological capability. Consequently, an optimized collagen-like hierarchical surface with superior osteogenic abilities was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Lao
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Qiaojie Luo
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Chen
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yao
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China. and Dental Department, Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310005, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Xu
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Fan
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310006, P. R. China
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86
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Borciani G, Montalbano G, Baldini N, Cerqueni G, Vitale-Brovarone C, Ciapetti G. Co-culture systems of osteoblasts and osteoclasts: Simulating in vitro bone remodeling in regenerative approaches. Acta Biomater 2020; 108:22-45. [PMID: 32251782 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone is an extremely dynamic tissue, undergoing continuous remodeling for its whole lifetime, but its regeneration or augmentation due to bone loss or defects are not always easy to obtain. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a promising approach, and its success often relies on a "smart" scaffold, as a support to host and guide bone formation through bone cell precursors. Bone homeostasis is maintained by osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs) within the basic multicellular unit, in a consecutive cycle of resorption and formation. Therefore, a functional scaffold should allow the best possible OB/OC cooperation for bone remodeling, as happens within the bone extracellular matrix in the body. In the present work OB/OC co-culture models, with and without scaffolds, are reviewed. These experimental systems are intended for different targets, including bone remodeling simulation, drug testing and the assessment of biomaterials and 3D scaffolds for BTE. As a consequence, several parameters, such as cell type, cell ratio, culture medium and inducers, culture times and setpoints, assay methods, etc. vary greatly. This review identifies and systematically reports the in vitro methods explored up to now, which, as they allow cellular communication, more closely resemble bone remodeling and/or the regeneration process in the framework of BTE. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bone is a dynamic tissue under continuous remodeling, but spontaneous healing may fail in the case of excessive bone loss which often requires valid alternatives to conventional treatments to restore bone integrity, like bone tissue engineering (BTE). Pre-clinical evaluation of scaffolds for BTE requires in vitro testing where co-cultures combining innovative materials with osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs) closely mimic the in vivo repair process. This review considers the direct and indirect OB/OC co-cultures relevant to BTE, from the early mouse-cell models to the recent bone regenerative systems. The co-culture modeling of bone microenvironment provides reliable information on bone cell cross-talk. Starting from improved knowledge on bone remodeling, bone disease mechanisms may be understood and new BTE solutions are designed.
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87
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Su J, Du Z, Xiao L, Wei F, Yang Y, Li M, Qiu Y, Liu J, Chen J, Xiao Y. Graphene oxide coated Titanium Surfaces with Osteoimmunomodulatory Role to Enhance Osteogenesis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 113:110983. [PMID: 32487397 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) and its derivatives are currently being explored for the modification of bone biomaterials. However, the effect of GO coatings on immunoregulation and subsequent impacts on osteogenesis are not known. In this study, GO was coated on pure titanium using dopamine. GO-coated titanium (Ti-GO) surfaces exhibited good biocompatibility, with the ability to stimulate the expression of osteogenic genes, and extracellular matrix mineralization in human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). Interestingly, it was found that GO-coated surfaces could manipulate the polarization of macrophages and expression of inflammatory cytokines via the Toll-like receptor pathway. Under physiological conditions, Ti-GO activated macrophages and induced mild inflammation and a pro-osteogenic environment, characterized by a slight increase in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as increased expression of the TGF-β1 and oncostatin M genes. In an environment mimicking acute inflammatory conditions, Ti-GO attenuated inflammatory responses, as shown by the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Conditioned medium collected from macrophages stimulated by Ti-GO played a significant stimulatory role in the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. In summary, GO-coated surfaces displayed beneficial immunomodulatory effects in osteogenesis, indicating that GO could be a potential substance for the modification of bone scaffolds and implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehua Su
- Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, China; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhibin Du
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lan Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fei Wei
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mengting Li
- Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yubei Qiu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, China.
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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88
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Raddatz MA, Huffstater T, Bersi MR, Reinfeld BI, Madden MZ, Booton SE, Rathmell WK, Rathmell JC, Lindman BR, Madhur MS, Merryman WD. Macrophages Promote Aortic Valve Cell Calcification and Alter STAT3 Splicing. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e153-e165. [PMID: 32295422 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macrophages have been described in calcific aortic valve disease, but it is unclear if they promote or counteract calcification. We aimed to determine how macrophages are involved in calcification using the Notch1+/- model of calcific aortic valve disease. Approach and Results: Macrophages in wild-type and Notch1+/- murine aortic valves were characterized by flow cytometry. Macrophages in Notch1+/- aortic valves had increased expression of MHCII (major histocompatibility complex II). We then used bone marrow transplants to test if differences in Notch1+/- macrophages drive disease. Notch1+/- mice had increased valve thickness, macrophage infiltration, and proinflammatory macrophage maturation regardless of transplanted bone marrow genotype. In vitro approaches confirm that Notch1+/- aortic valve cells promote macrophage invasion as quantified by migration index and proinflammatory phenotypes as quantified by Ly6C and CCR2 positivity independent of macrophage genotype. Finally, we found that macrophage interaction with aortic valve cells promotes osteogenic, but not dystrophic, calcification and decreases abundance of the STAT3β isoform. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that Notch1+/- aortic valve disease involves increased macrophage recruitment and maturation driven by altered aortic valve cell secretion, and that increased macrophage recruitment promotes osteogenic calcification and alters STAT3 splicing. Further investigation of STAT3 and macrophage-driven inflammation as therapeutic targets in calcific aortic valve disease is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Raddatz
- From the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (M.A.R., B.I.R., M.Z.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.,Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.A.R., T.H., M.R.B., S.E.B., W.D.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Tessa Huffstater
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.A.R., T.H., M.R.B., S.E.B., W.D.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Matthew R Bersi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.A.R., T.H., M.R.B., S.E.B., W.D.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Bradley I Reinfeld
- From the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (M.A.R., B.I.R., M.Z.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.,the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine (B.I.R., W.K.R.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Matthew Z Madden
- From the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (M.A.R., B.I.R., M.Z.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.Z.M., J.C.R.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Sabrina E Booton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.A.R., T.H., M.R.B., S.E.B., W.D.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine (B.I.R., W.K.R.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.Z.M., J.C.R.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Brian R Lindman
- Structural Heart and Valve Center (B.R.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Meena S Madhur
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.S.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (M.S.M.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - W David Merryman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.A.R., T.H., M.R.B., S.E.B., W.D.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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89
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Yu Y, Cui H, Zhang C, Zhang D, Yin J, Wen G, Chai Y. Human nail bed extracellular matrix facilitates bone regeneration via macrophage polarization mediated by the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:4067-4079. [PMID: 32242565 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02910a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Critical-sized bone defects caused by trauma, tumor resection or serious infection represent one of the most challenging problems faced by orthopedic surgeons. However, the construction of bone grafts with good osteointegration and osteoinductivity is a clinical challenge. It has been elaborated that the nail bed tissue is an essential element for digit tip regeneration, suggesting that the nail bed may serve as a new material to manipulate bone regeneration. Herein, it was found that human nail bed extracellular matrix derived from amputated patients stimulates macrophage polarization toward a pro-healing phenotype and the expression of BMP2, to facilitate the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in vitro. The in vivo osteogenic capacity of decellularized nail bed scaffolds was then confirmed using a rat model of critical-sized calvarial defects. The in-depth analysis of immune responses to implanted scaffolds revealed that macrophage polarization toward the pro-regenerative M2 phenotype directs osteogenesis, as confirmed by macrophage depletion. A combination of proteomics analysis and RNA interference verified that the JAK2/STAT3 pathway is the positive regulator of macrophage polarization initiated by the decellularized nail bed during the promoted osteogenesis process. Thus, the decellularized human nail bed scaffold developed in this work is a promising biomaterial for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
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90
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Jacques C, Tesfaye R, Lavaud M, Georges S, Baud’huin M, Lamoureux F, Ory B. Implication of the p53-Related miR-34c, -125b, and -203 in the Osteoblastic Differentiation and the Malignant Transformation of Bone Sarcomas. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040810. [PMID: 32230926 PMCID: PMC7226610 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of the skeleton occurs throughout the lives of vertebrates and is achieved through the balanced activities of two kinds of specialized bone cells: the bone-forming osteoblasts and the bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Impairment in the remodeling processes dramatically hampers the proper healing of fractures and can also result in malignant bone diseases such as osteosarcoma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding single-strand RNAs implicated in the control of various cellular activities such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Their post-transcriptional regulatory role confers on them inhibitory functions toward specific target mRNAs. As miRNAs are involved in the differentiation program of precursor cells, it is now well established that this class of molecules also influences bone formation by affecting osteoblastic differentiation and the fate of osteoblasts. In response to various cell signals, the tumor-suppressor protein p53 activates a huge range of genes, whose miRNAs promote genomic-integrity maintenance, cell-cycle arrest, cell senescence, and apoptosis. Here, we review the role of three p53-related miRNAs, miR-34c, -125b, and -203, in the bone-remodeling context and, in particular, in osteoblastic differentiation. The second aim of this study is to deal with the potential implication of these miRNAs in osteosarcoma development and progression.
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91
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Luo ML, Jiao Y, Gong WP, Li Y, Niu LN, Tay FR, Chen JH. Macrophages enhance mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis via down-regulation of reactive oxygen species. J Dent 2020; 94:103297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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92
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Al-Waeli H, Nicolau B, Stone L, Abu Nada L, Gao Q, Abdallah MN, Abdulkader E, Suzuki M, Mansour A, Al Subaie A, Tamimi F. Chronotherapy of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs May Enhance Postoperative Recovery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:468. [PMID: 31949183 PMCID: PMC6965200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative pain relief is crucial for full recovery. With the ongoing opioid epidemic and the insufficient effect of acetaminophen on severe pain; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are heavily used to alleviate this pain. However, NSAIDs are known to inhibit postoperative healing of connective tissues by inhibiting prostaglandin signaling. Pain intensity, inflammatory mediators associated with wound healing and the pharmacological action of NSAIDs vary throughout the day due to the circadian rhythm regulated by the clock genes. According to this rhythm, most of wound healing mediators and connective tissue formation occurs during the resting phase, while pain, inflammation and tissue resorption occur during the active period of the day. Here we show, in a murine tibia fracture surgical model, that NSAIDs are most effective in managing postoperative pain, healing and recovery when drug administration is limited to the active phase of the circadian rhythm. Limiting NSAID treatment to the active phase of the circadian rhythm resulted in overexpression of circadian clock genes, such as Period 2 (Per2) at the healing callus, and increased serum levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-13 (IL-13), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and vascular endothelial growth factor. By contrast, NSAID administration during the resting phase resulted in severe bone healing impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Al-Waeli
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College Suite 500, Montréal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - B Nicolau
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College Suite 500, Montréal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - L Stone
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - L Abu Nada
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Q Gao
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - M N Abdallah
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1G, Canada
| | - E Abdulkader
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College Suite 500, Montréal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - M Suzuki
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - A Mansour
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - A Al Subaie
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - F Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada.
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93
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Abstract
Cytokines and hematopoietic growth factors have traditionally been thought of as regulators of the development and function of immune and blood cells. However, an ever-expanding number of these factors have been discovered to have major effects on bone cells and the development of the skeleton in health and disease (Table 1). In addition, several cytokines have been directly linked to the development of osteoporosis in both animal models and in patients. In order to understand the mechanisms regulating bone cells and how this may be dysregulated in disease states, it is necessary to appreciate the diverse effects that cytokines and inflammation have on osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone mass. This chapter provides a broad overview of this topic with extensive references so that, if desired, readers can access specific references to delve into individual topics in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lorenzo
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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94
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Yu X, Wan Q, Ye X, Cheng Y, Pathak JL, Li Z. Cellular hypoxia promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and bone defect healing via STAT3 signaling. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:64. [PMID: 31827540 PMCID: PMC6889321 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia in the vicinity of bone defects triggers the osteogenic differentiation of precursor cells and promotes healing. The activation of STAT3 signaling in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has similarly been reported to mediate bone regeneration. However, the interaction between hypoxia and STAT3 signaling in the osteogenic differentiation of precursor cells during bone defect healing is still unknown. Methods In this study, we assessed the impact of different durations of CoCl2-induced cellular hypoxia on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Role of STAT3 signaling on hypoxia induced osteogenic differentiation was analyzed both in vitro and in vivo. The interaction between cellular hypoxia and STAT3 signaling in vivo was investigated in a mouse femoral bone defect model. Results The peak osteogenic differentiation and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) occurred after 3 days of hypoxia. Inhibiting STAT3 reversed this effect. Hypoxia enhanced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and STAT3 phosphorylation in MSCs. Histology and μ-CT results showed that CoCl2 treatment enhanced bone defect healing. Inhibiting STAT3 reduced this effect. Immunohistochemistry results showed that CoCl2 treatment enhanced Hif-1α, ALP and pSTAT3 expression in cells present in the bone defect area and that inhibiting STAT3 reduced this effect. Conclusions The in vitro study revealed that the duration of hypoxia is crucial for osteogenic differentiation of precursor cells. The results from both the in vitro and in vivo studies show the role of STAT3 signaling in hypoxia-induced osteogenic differentiation of precursor cells and bone defect healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- 1The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079 China.,2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma and Plastic Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079 China.,3Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Qilong Wan
- 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma and Plastic Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Xiaoling Ye
- 1The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Yuet Cheng
- 1The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- 4Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510140 China
| | - Zubing Li
- 1The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079 China.,2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma and Plastic Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079 China
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95
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Bordoni V, Reina G, Orecchioni M, Furesi G, Thiele S, Gardin C, Zavan B, Cuniberti G, Bianco A, Rauner M, Delogu LG. Stimulation of bone formation by monocyte-activator functionalized graphene oxide in vivo. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19408-19421. [PMID: 31386739 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03975a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanosystems are able to enhance bone regeneration, a complex process requiring the mutual interplay between immune and skeletal cells. Activated monocytes can communicate pro-osteogenic signals to mesenchymal stem cells and promote osteogenesis. Thus, the activation of monocytes is a promising strategy to improve bone regeneration. Nanomaterials specifically selected to provoke immune-mediated bone formation are still missing. As a proof of concept, we apply here the intrinsic immune-characteristics of graphene oxide (GO) with the well-recognized osteoinductive capacity of calcium phosphate (CaP) in a biocompatible nanomaterial called maGO-CaP (monocytes activator GO complexed with CaP). In the presence of monocytes, the alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of osteogenic markers increased. Studying the mechanisms of action, we detected an up-regulation of Wnt and BMP signaling, two key osteogenic pathways. The role of the immune activation was evidenced by the over-production of oncostatin M, a pro-osteogenic factor produced by monocytes. Finally, we tested the pro-osteogenic effects of maGO-CaP in vivo. maGO-CaP injected into the tibia of mice enhanced local bone mass and the bone formation rate. Our study suggests that maGO-CaP can activate monocytes to enhance osteogenesis ex vivo and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giacomo Reina
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572 Strasbourg, France.
| | | | - Giulia Furesi
- University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. and TU Dresden Medical Center, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | - Chiara Gardin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alberto Bianco
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572 Strasbourg, France.
| | | | - Lucia G Delogu
- University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy and Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
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96
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Voinova V, Bonartseva G, Bonartsev A. Effect of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) as natural polymers on mesenchymal stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:764-786. [PMID: 31692924 PMCID: PMC6828591 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i10.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into multiple cell types, including fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myoblasts, thus allowing them to contribute to the regeneration of various tissues, especially bone tissue. MSCs are now considered one of the most promising cell types in the field of tissue engineering. Traditional petri dish-based culture of MSCs generate heterogeneity, which leads to inconsistent efficacy of MSC applications. Biodegradable and biocompatible polymers, poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs), are actively used for the manufacture of scaffolds that serve as carriers for MSC growth. The growth and differentiation of MSCs grown on PHA scaffolds depend on the physicochemical properties of the polymers, the 3D and surface microstructure of the scaffolds, and the biological activity of PHAs, which was discovered in a series of investigations. The mechanisms of the biological activity of PHAs in relation to MSCs remain insufficiently studied. We suggest that this effect on MSCs could be associated with the natural properties of bacteria-derived PHAs, especially the most widespread representative poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). This biopolymer is present in the bacteria of mammalian microbiota, whereas endogenous poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) is found in mammalian tissues. The possible association of PHA effects on MSCs with various biological functions of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in bacteria and eukaryotes, including in humans, is discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Voinova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Garina Bonartseva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Anton Bonartsev
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
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97
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Nathan K, Lu LY, Lin T, Pajarinen J, Jämsen E, Huang JF, Romero-Lopez M, Maruyama M, Kohno Y, Yao Z, Goodman SB. Precise immunomodulation of the M1 to M2 macrophage transition enhances mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis and differs by sex. Bone Joint Res 2019; 8:481-488. [PMID: 31728188 PMCID: PMC6825050 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.810.bjr-2018-0231.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Up to 10% of fractures result in undesirable outcomes, for which female sex is a risk factor. Cellular sex differences have been implicated in these different healing processes. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying bone healing and sex differences in this process is key to improved clinical outcomes. This study utilized a macrophage-mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) coculture system to determine: 1) the precise timing of proinflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophage transition for optimal bone formation; and 2) how such immunomodulation was affected by male versus female cocultures. METHODS A primary murine macrophage-MSC coculture system was used to demonstrate the optimal transition time from M1 to M2 (polarized from M1 with interleukin (IL)-4) macrophages to maximize matrix mineralization in male and female MSCs. Outcome variables included Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and osteocalcin protein secretion. RESULTS We found that 96 hours of M1 phenotype in male cocultures allowed for maximum matrix mineralization versus 72 hours in female cocultures. ALP activity and osteocalcin secretion were also enhanced with the addition of IL-4 later in male versus female groups. The sex of the cells had a statistically significant effect on the optimal IL-4 addition time to maximize osteogenesis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that: 1) a 72- to 96-hour proinflammatory environment is critical for optimal matrix mineralization; and 2) there are immunological differences in this coculture environment due to sex. Optimizing immunomodulation during fracture healing may enhance and expedite the bone regeneration response. These findings provide insight into precise immunomodulation for enhanced bone healing that is sex-specific.Cite this article: K. Nathan, L. Y. Lu, T. Lin, J. Pajarinen, E. Jämsen, J-F. Huang, M. Romero-Lopez, M. Maruyama, Y. Kohno, Z. Yao, S. B. Goodman. Precise immunomodulation of the M1 to M2 macrophage transition enhances mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis and differs by sex. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:481-488. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.810.BJR-2018-0231.R2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Nathan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Laura Y Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tzuhua Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jukka Pajarinen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eemeli Jämsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jhih-Fong Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Monica Romero-Lopez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masahiro Maruyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yusuke Kohno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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98
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Yang D, Wan Y. Molecular determinants for the polarization of macrophage and osteoclast. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:551-563. [PMID: 31506868 PMCID: PMC6815265 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggest that macrophage and osteoclast are two competing differentiation outcomes from myeloid progenitors. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling the polarization of macrophage and osteoclast. These include nuclear receptors/transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), their transcription cofactor PPARγ coactivator 1-β (PGC-1β), metabolic factors such as mitochondrial complex I (CI) component NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase iron-sulfur protein 4 (Ndufs4), as well as transmembrane receptors such as very-low-density-lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR). These molecular rheostats promote osteoclast differentiation but suppress proinflammatory macrophage activation and inflammation, by acting lineage-intrinsically, systemically or cross generation. These findings provide new insights to the understanding of the interactions between innate immunity and bone remodeling, advancing the field of osteoimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengbao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yihong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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99
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Gan D, Xu X, Chen D, Feng P, Xu Z. Network Pharmacology-Based Pharmacological Mechanism of the Chinese Medicine Rhizoma drynariae Against Osteoporosis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:5700-5716. [PMID: 31368456 PMCID: PMC6688518 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoma drynariae is the main traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of osteoporosis, but its anti-osteoporotic targeting mechanism has not been fully elucidated due to the complexity of its active ingredients. In this study, the pharmacological mechanism of action of Rhizoma drynariae against osteoporosis was studied by integrating pharmacological concepts. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of selected major active constituents of Rhizoma drynariae and the SMILES structural similarity were used to predict related targets. A literature search was conducted to identify known osteoporosis treatment targets, which were then combined with the predicted targets to construct the direct or indirect target interaction network map of Rhizoma drynariae against osteoporosis. Finally, data on the key targets of the interactions, ranked according to relevant node parameters obtained through pathway enrichment analysis and screening of key targets and active ingredients of Rhizoma drynariae, were used to perform molecular docking simulation. We screened 16 active ingredients of Rhizoma drynariae, and 7 key targets with direct or indirect effects with a high frequency were obtained. These main pathways were found to play important roles in the PI3k-akt signaling pathway, osteoclast differentiation, Wnt signaling pathway, and estrogen signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that most active ingredients of Rhizoma drynariae had strong binding efficiency with key targets. Based on network pharmacology, we conclude that Rhizoma drynariae plays an anti-osteoporotic role by directly or indirectly targeting multiple major signaling pathways and influencing the proliferation and differentiation of multiple types of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Gan
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Deqiang Chen
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Peng Feng
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhanwang Xu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Orthopaedics, Affilited Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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West NR. Coordination of Immune-Stroma Crosstalk by IL-6 Family Cytokines. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1093. [PMID: 31156640 PMCID: PMC6529849 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells are a subject of rapidly growing immunological interest based on their ability to influence virtually all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. Present in every bodily tissue, stromal cells complement the functions of classical immune cells by sensing pathogens and tissue damage, coordinating leukocyte recruitment and function, and promoting immune response resolution and tissue repair. These diverse roles come with a price: like classical immune cells, inappropriate stromal cell behavior can lead to various forms of pathology, including inflammatory disease, tissue fibrosis, and cancer. An important immunological function of stromal cells is to act as information relays, responding to leukocyte-derived signals and instructing leukocyte behavior in kind. In this regard, several members of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine family, including IL-6, IL-11, oncostatin M (OSM), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), have gained recognition as factors that mediate crosstalk between stromal and immune cells, with diverse roles in numerous inflammatory and homeostatic processes. This review summarizes our current understanding of how IL-6 family cytokines control stromal-immune crosstalk in health and disease, and how these interactions can be leveraged for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R West
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States
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