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Yao X, Huang H, Li Z, Liu X, Fan W, Wang X, Sun X, Zhu J, Zhou H, Wei H. Taurine Promotes the Cartilaginous Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2344-2353. [PMID: 28397071 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Taurine has been reported to influence osteogenic differentiation, but the role of taurine on cartilaginous differentiation using human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of taurine (0, 1, 5 and 10 mM) on the proliferation and chondrogenesis of hUC-MSCs by analyzing cell proliferation, accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and expression of cartilage specific mRNA. The results show though taurine did not affected the proliferation of hUC-MSCs, 5 mM of taurine is sufficient to enhanced the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and up-regulate cartilage specific mRNA expression, namely collagen type II, aggrecan and SOX9. Taurine also inhibits chondrocyte dedifferentiation by reducing expression of collagen type I mRNA. Taken together, our study reveals that taurine promotes and maintains the chondrogenesis of hUC-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, No. 6, JiZhao Road, Hexi district, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, No. 6, JiZhao Road, Hexi district, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhou Li
- NewScen Coast Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 65 sixth Ave., TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Arthro-Anda Tianjin Biologic Technology Co., Ltd., 2F Building No. 2, Tian Bao Industrial Park, Xi Qi Road, Tianjin Airport Industrial Park, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijia Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, No. 6, JiZhao Road, Hexi district, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Departement of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, No. 6, JiZhao Road, Hexi district, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Sun
- Arthro-Anda Tianjin Biologic Technology Co., Ltd., 2F Building No. 2, Tian Bao Industrial Park, Xi Qi Road, Tianjin Airport Industrial Park, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Zhu
- Arthro-Anda Tianjin Biologic Technology Co., Ltd., 2F Building No. 2, Tian Bao Industrial Park, Xi Qi Road, Tianjin Airport Industrial Park, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongrui Zhou
- NewScen Coast Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 65 sixth Ave., TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaying Wei
- Arthro-Anda Tianjin Biologic Technology Co., Ltd., 2F Building No. 2, Tian Bao Industrial Park, Xi Qi Road, Tianjin Airport Industrial Park, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China
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Blecharz-Klin K, Piechal A, Jawna-Zboińska K, Pyrzanowska J, Wawer A, Joniec-Maciejak I, Widy-Tyszkiewicz E. Paracetamol − Effect of early exposure on neurotransmission, spatial memory and motor performance in rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 323:162-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Jia N, Sun Q, Su Q, Dang S, Chen G. Taurine promotes cognitive function in prenatally stressed juvenile rats via activating the Akt-CREB-PGC1α pathway. Redox Biol 2016; 10:179-190. [PMID: 27768969 PMCID: PMC5072153 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence has shown that the oxidative damage to hippocampal neurons is associated with the cognitive impairment induced by adverse stimuli during gestation named prenatal stress (PS). Taurine, a conditionally essential amino acid, possesses multiple roles in the brain as a neuromodulator or antioxidant. In this study, to explore the roles of taurine in PS-induced learning and memory impairment, prenatal restraint stress was set up and Morris water maze (MWM) was employed for testing the cognitive function in the one-month-old rat offspring. The mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) level,mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP and cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) activity and apoptosis-related proteins in the hippocampus were detected. The activity of the Akt-cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor–γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) pathway in the hippocampus was measured. The results showed that high dosage of taurine administration in the early postnatal period attenuated impairment of spatial learning and memory induced by PS. Meanwhile, taurine administration diminished the increase in mitochondrial ROS, and recovered the reduction of MMP, ATP level and the activities of CcO, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and catalase induced by PS in the hippocampus. In addition, taurine administration recovered PS-suppressed SOD2 expression level. Taurine administration blocked PS-induced decrease in the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and increase in the ratio of cleaved caspase-3/full-length caspase-3. Notably, taurine inhibited PS-decreased phosphorylation of Akt (pAkt) and phosphorylation of CREB (pCREB), which consequently enhanced the mRNA and protein levels of PGC1α. Taken together, these results suggest that high dosage of taurine administration during the early postnatal period can significantly improve the cognitive function in prenatally stressed juvenile rats via activating the Akt-CREB-PGC1α pathway. Therefore, taurine has therapeutic potential for prenatal stressed offspring rats in future. Taurine attenuates prenatal stress (PS)-induced cognitive impairment. Taurine reduces PS-induced neuronal apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Taurine maintains the activities of SOD2 and catalase to repress ROS. Taurine activates PS-suppressed Akt-CREB-PGC1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Qinru Sun
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Qian Su
- Division of Neonatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Shaokang Dang
- Division of Neonatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Guomin Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
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Ng T, Hor CHH, Chew B, Zhao J, Zhong Z, Ryu JR, Goh ELK. Neuropilin 2 Signaling Is Involved in Cell Positioning of Adult-born Neurons through Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β (GSK3β). J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25088-25095. [PMID: 27687730 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.755215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper positioning of neurons is fundamental for brain functions. However, little is known on how adult-born neurons generated in the hilar side of hippocampal dentate gyrus migrate into the granular cell layer. Because class 3 Semaphorins (Sema3) are involved in dendritic growth of these newborn neurons, we examined whether they are essential for cell positioning. We disrupted Sema3 signaling by silencing neuropilin 1 (NRP1) or 2 (NRP2), the main receptors for Sema3A and Sema3F, in neural progenitors of adult mouse dentate gyrus. Silencing of NRP2, but not NRP1, affected cell positioning of adult newborn neurons. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) knockdown phenocopied this NRP2 silencing-mediated cell positioning defect, but did not affect dendritic growth. Furthermore, GSK3β is activated upon stimulation with Sema3F, and GSK3β overexpression rescued the cell positioning phenotypes seen in NRP2-deficient neurons. These results point to a new role for NRP2 in the positioning of neurons during adult hippocampal neurogenesis, acting via the GSK3β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teclise Ng
- From the Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder and
| | - Catherine H H Hor
- Neuroscience Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,the Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Chew
- From the Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder and
| | - Jing Zhao
- GlaxoSmithKline (China) R&D Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhong Zhong
- GlaxoSmithKline (China) R&D Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jae Ryun Ryu
- From the Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder and
| | - Eyleen L K Goh
- From the Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder and .,Neuroscience Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,the Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore.,the Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore, and.,the KK Research Center, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
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Rahmeier FL, Zavalhia LS, Tortorelli LS, Huf F, Géa LP, Meurer RT, Machado AC, Gomez R, Fernandes MDC. The effect of taurine and enriched environment on behaviour, memory and hippocampus of diabetic rats. Neurosci Lett 2016; 630:84-92. [PMID: 27471162 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been studied recently as a major cause of cognitive deficits, memory and neurodegenerative damage. Taurine and enriched environment have stood out for presenting neuroprotective and stimulating effects that deserve further study. In this paper, we examined the effects of taurine and enriched environment in the context of diabetes, evaluating effects on behaviour, memory, death and cellular activity. Eighty-eight Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups (E=enriched environment; C=standard housing). Some animals (24/group) underwent induction of diabetes, and within each group, some animals (half of diabetics (D) and half of non-diabetics (ND)/group) were treated for 30days with taurine (T). Untreated animals received saline (S). In total, there were eight subgroups: DTC, DSC, NDTC, NDSC, DTE, DSE, NDTE and NDSE. During the experiment, short-term memory was evaluated. After 30th day of experiment, the animals were euthanized and was made removal of brains used to immunohistochemistry procedures for GFAP and cleaved caspase-3. As a result, we observed that animals treated with taurine showed better performance in behavioural and memory tasks, and the enriched environment had positive effects, especially in non-diabetic animals. Furthermore, taurine and enriched environment seemed to be able to interfere with neuronal apoptosis and loss of glial cells, and in some instances, these two factors seemed to have synergistic effects. From these data, taurine and enriched environment may have important neurostimulant and neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Luciano Rahmeier
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Lisiane Silveira Zavalhia
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Silva Tortorelli
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Huf
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Paul Géa
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Rosalva Thereza Meurer
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Aryadne Cardoso Machado
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Rosane Gomez
- Laboratório de Álcool e Tabaco, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Marilda da Cruz Fernandes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Cell type-dependent Erk-Akt pathway crosstalk regulates the proliferation of fetal neural progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26547. [PMID: 27211495 PMCID: PMC4876380 DOI: 10.1038/srep26547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor (NP) cells are the multipotent cells that produce neurons and glia in the central nervous system. Compounds regulating their proliferation are key to both understanding brain development and unlocking their potential in regenerative repair. We discuss a chemical screen that unexpectedly identified inhibitors of Erk signaling potently promoting the self-renewing divisions of fetal NP cells. This occurred through crosstalk between Erk and Akt signaling cascades. The crosstalk mechanism is cell type-specific, and is not detected in adult NP cells as well as brain tumor cells. The mechanism was also shown to be independent from the GSK-3 signaling pathway, which has been reported to be a major regulator of NP cell homeostasis and inhibitors to which were also identified in the screen. In vitro Erk inhibition led to the prolonged rapid expansion of fetal NP cells while retaining their multipotency. In vivo inhibitor administration significantly inhibited the neuronal differentiation, and resulted in increased proliferative progenitor cells in the ventricular/subventricular zone (VZ/SVZ) of the embryonic cortex. Our results uncovered a novel regulating pathway for NP cell proliferation in the developing brain. The discovery provides a pharmacological basis for in vitro expansion and in vivo manipulation of NP cells.
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Wang Y, Fu W, Liu J. Neurodevelopment in children with intrauterine growth restriction: adverse effects and interventions. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 29:660-8. [PMID: 25758617 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1015417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with higher rates of fetal, perinatal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The consequences of IUGR include short-term metabolic, hematological and thermal disturbances that lead to metabolic syndrome in children and adults. Additionally, IUGR severely affects short- and long-term fetal brain development and brain function (including motor, cognitive and executive function) and neurobehavior, especially neuropsychology. This review details the adverse effects of IUGR on fetal brain development and discusses intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- a Department of Neonatology and NICU , Bayi Children's Hospital, Beijing Military General Hospital , Beijing , China and
- b Department of Neonatology and NICU , Taian City Central Hospital of Shandong Province , Taian City , China
| | - Wei Fu
- a Department of Neonatology and NICU , Bayi Children's Hospital, Beijing Military General Hospital , Beijing , China and
| | - Jing Liu
- a Department of Neonatology and NICU , Bayi Children's Hospital, Beijing Military General Hospital , Beijing , China and
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Zhang XD, Kelly-Hanku A, Chai JJ, Luo J, Temmerman M, Luchters S. Sexual and reproductive health risks amongst female adolescents who use amphetamine-type stimulants and sell sex: a qualitative inquiry in Yunnan, China. Harm Reduct J 2015; 12:34. [PMID: 26472221 PMCID: PMC4608054 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-015-0065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China, as other Southeast Asian countries, has witnessed an increased use in amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) amongst urban youth. Amongst female adolescents who both sell sex and use ATS, risk behaviours are compounded resulting in even poorer health outcomes. However, limited knowledge exists on ATS use patterns and ATS-related risk behaviours, particularly in this context. This research aimed to improve the understanding of these issues amongst female adolescents who use ATS and sell sex, and to inform future programming. METHOD This study utilised monthly focus group discussions (four in total) with the same study participants in Yunnan, China. From within a drug-treatment programme, female adolescents who reported both a history of drug use and selling sex were purposively enrolled in the study. RESULTS Participating adolescent females were aged 17-19 years and were all internal-migrants with low literacy. All reported polydrug use (mainly methamphetamine and heroin, whereas ecstasy and ketamine have been infrequently employed). Being less informed about risks of drug use and lack of sexual and reproductive health knowledge seemed to contribute to problematic drug use, rough and prolonged sexual intercourse, inconsistent condom use and ineffective contraceptive practice. For their income, participants largely relied on selling sex, which was frequently coupled with drug sharing services to clients. However, despite the practices, women did not self-identify as sex workers, and therefore did not think that existing intervention services targeting female sex workers were relevant to them. Moreover, criminalization and stigmatisation of drug use and selling sex impeded their access to care services. CONCLUSION Current harm reduction and HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention services are unlikely to address the demand of female adolescents engaged in drug use and commercial sex. Our findings highlight that a comprehensive and coordinated harm reduction and sexual and reproductive health response should be conducted involving these most vulnerable adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dong Zhang
- International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, UZP114, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Centre for International Health, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
| | - Angela Kelly-Hanku
- International HIV Research Group, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
- Sexual & Reproductive Health Unit, Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 60, Goroka, EHP, Papua New Guinea.
| | - Jia-Jia Chai
- City College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, East Ring Road 50, 650051, Kunming, China.
| | - Jian Luo
- Department of Prevention and Education, Yunnan Institute for Drug Abuse, Xi Hu Lu 300, 650228, Kunming, China.
| | - Marleen Temmerman
- International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, UZP114, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Stanley Luchters
- International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, UZP114, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Centre for International Health, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
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Xavier JM, Morgado AL, Rodrigues CM, Solá S. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid increases neural stem cell pool and neuronal conversion by regulating mitochondria-cell cycle retrograde signaling. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3576-89. [PMID: 25483094 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.962951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The low survival and differentiation rates of stem cells after either transplantation or neural injury have been a major concern of stem cell-based therapy. Thus, further understanding long-term survival and differentiation of stem cells may uncover new targets for discovery and development of novel therapeutic approaches. We have previously described the impact of mitochondrial apoptosis-related events in modulating neural stem cell (NSC) fate. In addition, the endogenous bile acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) was shown to be neuroprotective in several animal models of neurodegenerative disorders by acting as an anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant molecule at the mitochondrial level. Here, we hypothesize that TUDCA might also play a role on NSC fate decision. We found that TUDCA prevents mitochondrial apoptotic events typical of early-stage mouse NSC differentiation, preserves mitochondrial integrity and function, while enhancing self-renewal potential and accelerating cell cycle exit of NSCs. Interestingly, TUDCA prevention of mitochondrial alterations interfered with NSC differentiation potential by favoring neuronal rather than astroglial conversion. Finally, inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) scavenger and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase revealed that the effect of TUDCA is dependent on mtROS and ATP regulation levels. Collectively, these data underline the importance of mitochondrial stress control of NSC fate decision and support a new role for TUDCA in this process.
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Key Words
- ATP
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine
- CsA, cyclosporin A
- DiOC6(3), 3, 3′-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide
- FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein
- MnSOD, manganese superoxide dismutase
- NSC, neural stem cells
- OGG1, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase
- OligA, oligomycin A
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Sox2, sex determining region Y- box 2
- TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid
- UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid
- VDAC, voltage-dependent anion channel
- cdk, cyclin-dependent kinase
- cell cycle
- mitochondrial oxidative stress
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
- mtROS, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species
- neural stem cell fate
- tauroursodeoxycholic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana M Xavier
- a Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) ; Faculty of Pharmacy ; Universidade de Lisboa ; Lisbon , Portugal
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Exploratory Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Compounds Correlated with Lutein Concentration in Frontal Cortex, Hippocampus, and Occipital Cortex of Human Infant Brain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136904. [PMID: 26317757 PMCID: PMC4552625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutein is a dietary carotenoid well known for its role as an antioxidant in the macula, and recent reports implicate a role for lutein in cognitive function. Lutein is the dominant carotenoid in both pediatric and geriatric brain tissue. In addition, cognitive function in older adults correlated with macular and postmortem brain lutein concentrations. Furthermore, lutein was found to preferentially accumulate in the infant brain in comparison to other carotenoids that are predominant in diet. While lutein is consistently related to cognitive function, the mechanisms by which lutein may influence cognition are not clear. In an effort to identify potential mechanisms through which lutein might influence neurodevelopment, an exploratory study relating metabolite signatures and lutein was completed. Post-mortem metabolomic analyses were performed on human infant brain tissues in three regions important for learning and memory: the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and occipital cortex. Metabolomic profiles were compared to lutein concentration, and correlations were identified and reported here. A total of 1276 correlations were carried out across all brain regions. Of 427 metabolites analyzed, 257 were metabolites of known identity. Unidentified metabolite correlations (510) were excluded. In addition, moderate correlations with xenobiotic relationships (2) or those driven by single outliers (3) were excluded from further study. Lutein concentrations correlated with lipid pathway metabolites, energy pathway metabolites, brain osmolytes, amino acid neurotransmitters, and the antioxidant homocarnosine. These correlations were often brain region—specific. Revealing relationships between lutein and metabolic pathways may help identify potential candidates on which to complete further analyses and may shed light on important roles of lutein in the human brain during development.
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The Edible Red Alga Porphyra yezoensis Promotes Neuronal Survival and Cytoarchitecture in Primary Hippocampal Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:669-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chew B, Ryu JR, Ng T, Ma D, Dasgupta A, Neo SH, Zhao J, Zhong Z, Bichler Z, Sajikumar S, Goh ELK. Lentiviral silencing of GSK-3β in adult dentate gyrus impairs contextual fear memory and synaptic plasticity. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:158. [PMID: 26157370 PMCID: PMC4477161 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Attempts have been made to use glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) inhibitors for prophylactic treatment of neurocognitive conditions. However the use of lithium, a non-specific inhibitor of GSK3β results in mild cognitive impairment in humans. The effects of global GSK3β inhibition or knockout on learning and memory in healthy adult mice are also inconclusive. Our study aims to better understand the role of GSK3β in learning and memory through a more regionally, targeted approach, specifically performing lentiviral-mediated knockdown of GSK3β within the dentate gyrus (DG). DG-GSK3β-silenced mice showed impaired contextual fear memory retrieval. However, cue fear memory, spatial memory, locomotor activity and anxiety levels were similar to control. These GSK3β-silenced mice also showed increased induction and maintenance of DG long-term potentiation (DG-LTP) compared to control animals. Thus, this region-specific, targeted knockdown of GSK3β in the DG provides better understanding on the role of GSK3β in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Chew
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jae Ryun Ryu
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teclise Ng
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dongliang Ma
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ananya Dasgupta
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sin Hui Neo
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Zhao
- Regenerative Medicine DPU, GlaxoSmithKline (China) R&D Co., Ltd. Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Zhong
- Regenerative Medicine DPU, GlaxoSmithKline (China) R&D Co., Ltd. Shanghai, China
| | - Zoë Bichler
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore ; Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eyleen L K Goh
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore ; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore ; KK Research Center, KK Women's and Children's Hospital Singapore, Singapore
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Ma D, Yoon SI, Yang CH, Marcy G, Zhao N, Leong WY, Ganapathy V, Han J, Van Dongen AMJ, Hsu KS, Ming GL, Augustine GJ, Goh ELK. Rescue of Methyl-CpG Binding Protein 2 Dysfunction-induced Defects in Newborn Neurons by Pentobarbital. Neurotherapeutics 2015; 12:477-90. [PMID: 25753729 PMCID: PMC4404443 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-015-0343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that usually arises from mutations or deletions in methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), a transcriptional regulator that affects neuronal development and maturation without causing cell loss. Here, we show that silencing of MeCP2 decreased neurite arborization and synaptogenesis in cultured hippocampal neurons from rat fetal brains. These structural defects were associated with alterations in synaptic transmission and neural network activity. Similar retardation of dendritic growth was also observed in MeCP2-deficient newborn granule cells in the dentate gyrus of adult mouse brains in vivo, demonstrating direct and cell-autonomous effects on individual neurons. These defects, caused by MeCP2 deficiency, were reversed by treatment with the US Food and Drug Administration-approved drug, pentobarbital, in vitro and in vivo, possibly caused by modulation of γ-aminobutyric acid signaling. The results indicate that drugs modulating γ-aminobutyric acid signaling are potential therapeutics for Rett syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Ma
- Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su-In Yoon
- Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guillaume Marcy
- Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Na Zhao
- Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Forensic Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi’an, Shaanxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Wan-Ying Leong
- Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinu Ganapathy
- Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ju Han
- Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonius M. J. Van Dongen
- Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuei-Sen Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - George J. Augustine
- Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eyleen L. K. Goh
- Programme in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- KK Research Center, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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64
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Su CTE, Yoon SI, Marcy G, Chin EWM, Augustine GJ, Goh ELK. An optogenetic approach for assessing formation of neuronal connections in a co-culture system. J Vis Exp 2015:e52408. [PMID: 25742527 PMCID: PMC4354644 DOI: 10.3791/52408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a protocol to generate a co-culture consisting of 2 different neuronal populations. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are reprogrammed from human fibroblasts using episomal vectors. Colonies of iPSCs can be observed 30 days after initiation of fibroblast reprogramming. Pluripotent colonies are manually picked and grown in neural induction medium to permit differentiation into neural progenitor cells (NPCs). iPSCs rapidly convert into neuroepithelial cells within 1 week and retain the capability to self-renew when maintained at a high culture density. Primary mouse NPCs are differentiated into astrocytes by exposure to a serum-containing medium for 7 days and form a monolayer upon which embryonic day 18 (E18) rat cortical neurons (transfected with channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2)) are added. Human NPCs tagged with the fluorescent protein, tandem dimer Tomato (tdTomato), are then seeded onto the astrocyte/cortical neuron culture the following day and allowed to differentiate for 28 to 35 days. We demonstrate that this system forms synaptic connections between iPSC-derived neurons and cortical neurons, evident from an increase in the frequency of synaptic currents upon photostimulation of the cortical neurons. This co-culture system provides a novel platform for evaluating the ability of iPSC-derived neurons to create synaptic connections with other neuronal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T E Su
- Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School
| | - Su-In Yoon
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University
| | - Guillaume Marcy
- Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School
| | - Eunice W M Chin
- Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School
| | | | - Eyleen L K Goh
- Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School;
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Taurine Enhances Proliferation and Promotes Neuronal Specification of Murine and Human Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 803:457-72. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15126-7_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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66
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Liu Q, Lu Z, Wu H, Zheng L. Chondroprotective Effects of Taurine in Primary Cultures of Human Articular Chondrocytes. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2015; 235:201-13. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.235.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University
- The Medical and Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University
| | - Zhenhui Lu
- The Medical and Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University
| | - Huayu Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Premedical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University
- The Medical and Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University
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67
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Lu CL, Tang S, Meng ZJ, He YY, Song LY, Liu YP, Ma N, Li XY, Guo SC. Taurine improves the spatial learning and memory ability impaired by sub-chronic manganese exposure. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:51. [PMID: 24885898 PMCID: PMC4045917 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive manganese exposure induced cognitive deficit. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that taurine improves cognitive impairment induced by numerous neurotoxins. However, the role of taurine on manganese-induced damages in learning and memory is still elusive. This goal of this study was to investigate the beneficial effect of taurine on learning and memory capacity impairment by manganese exposure in an animal model. Results The escape latency in the Morris Water Maze test was significantly longer in the rats injected with manganese than that in the rats received both taurine and manganese. Similarly, the probe trial showed that the annulus crossings were significantly greater in the taurine plus manganese treated rats than those in the manganese-treated rats. However, the blood level of manganese was not altered by the taurine treatment. Interestingly, the exposure of manganese led to a significant increase in the acetylcholinesterase activity and an evidently decrease in the choline acetyltransferase activity, which were partially restored by the addition of taurine. Additionally, we identified 9 differentially expressed proteins between the rat hippocampus treated by manganese and the control or the manganese plus taurine in the proteomic analysis using the 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Most of these proteins play a role in energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuron synapse. Conclusions In summary, taurine restores the activity of AChE and ChAT, which are critical for the regulation of acetylcholine. We have identified seven differentially expressed proteins specifically induced by manganese and two proteins induced by taurine from the rat hippocampus. Our results support that taurine improves the impaired learning and memory ability caused by excessive exposure of manganese.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xi-Yi Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi, P,R, China.
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Ramos-Mandujano G, Hernández-Benítez R, Pasantes-Morales H. Multiple mechanisms mediate the taurine-induced proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells from the subventricular zone of the adult mouse. Stem Cell Res 2014; 12:690-702. [PMID: 24681519 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine was previously reported to increase the proliferation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) from subventricular zone of the mouse brain. The results of a study that aimed to understand the mechanisms of this effect are presented here. Because taurine was not found in NPC nuclei, direct interactions with nuclear elements seem unlikely. A gene expression profile analysis indicated that genes that are regulated by taurine have roles in i) proliferation, including the Shh and Wnt pathways; ii) cellular adhesion; iii) cell survival; and iv) mitochondrial functioning. Cell cycle analysis of propidium iodide and CFSE-labeled cells using flow cytometry revealed an increase in the number of cells in the S-phase and a decrease in those in the G0/G1 phase in taurine-treated cultures. No changes in the length of the cell cycle were observed. Quantification of the viable, apoptotic, and necrotic cells in cultures using flow cytometry and calcein-AM, annexin-V, and propidium iodide staining showed reductions in the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells (18% to 11% and 13% to 10%, respectively) and increases in the number of viable cells (61% to 69%) in the taurine-treated cultures. Examination of the relative mitochondrial potential values by flow cytometry and rhodamine123 or JC-1 staining showed a 44% increase in the number of cells with higher mitochondrial potential and a 38% increase in the mitochondrial membrane potential in taurine cultures compared with those of controls. Taken together, the results suggest that taurine provides more favorable conditions for cell proliferation by improving mitochondrial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Ramos-Mandujano
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Reyna Hernández-Benítez
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Herminia Pasantes-Morales
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Lui S, Jones RL, Robinson NJ, Greenwood SL, Aplin JD, Tower CL. Detrimental effects of ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde, on first trimester human placental cell turnover and function. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87328. [PMID: 24503565 PMCID: PMC3913587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) describes developmental issues from high maternal alcohol intake, which commonly results in fetal growth restriction and long term morbidity. We aimed to investigate the effect of alcohol and acetaldehyde, on the first trimester placenta, the period essential for normal fetal organogenesis. Normal invasion and establishment of the placenta during this time are essential for sustaining fetal viability to term. We hypothesise that alcohol (ethanol) and acetaldehyde have detrimental effects on cytotrophoblast invasion, turnover and placental function. Taurine is an important amino acid for neuronal and physiological development, and so, its uptake was assayed in cells and placental explants exposed to alcohol or acetaldehyde. First trimester villous explants and BeWo cells were treated with 0, 10, 20, 40 mM ethanol or 0, 10, 20, 40 µM acetaldehyde. The invasive capacity of SGHPL4, a first trimester extravillous cytotrophoblast cell line, was unaffected by ethanol or acetaldehyde (p>0.05; N = 6). The cells in-cycle were estimated using immunostaining for Ki67. Proliferating trophoblast cells treated with ethanol were decreased in both experiments (explants: 40% at 20 mM and 40 mM, p<0.05, N = 8–9) (cell line: 5% at 20 mM and 40 mM, p<0.05, N = 6). Acetaldehyde also reduced Ki67-positive cells in both experiments (explants at 40 µM p<0.05; N = 6) (cell line at 10 µM and 40 µM; p<0.05; N = 7). Only in the cell line at 20 µM acetaldehyde demonstrated increased apoptosis (p<0.05; N = 6). Alcohol inhibited taurine transport in BeWo cells at 10 mM and 40 mM (p<0.05; N = 6), and in placenta at 40 mM (p<0.05; N = 7). Acetaldehyde did not affect taurine transport in either model (P<0.05; N = 6). Interestingly, system A amino acid transport in placental explants was increased at 10 µM and 40 µM acetaldehyde exposure (p<0.05; N = 6). Our results demonstrate that exposure to both genotoxins may contribute to the pathogenesis of FASD by reducing placental growth. Alcohol also reduces the transport of taurine, which is vital for developmental neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Lui
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Rebecca L. Jones
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie J. Robinson
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan L. Greenwood
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John D. Aplin
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Clare L. Tower
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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70
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Liu J, Liu Y, Wang XF, Chen H, Yang N. Antenatal taurine supplementation improves cerebral neurogenesis in fetal rats with intrauterine growth restriction through the PKA-CREB signal pathway. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 16:282-7. [PMID: 23433181 DOI: 10.1179/1476830513y.0000000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study seeks to explore whether antenatal supplement of taurine may improve the brain development of fetal rats with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) via the protein kinase A-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element protein (PKA-CREB) pathway. METHODS Fifteen pregnant rats were randomly divided into control group, IUGR model, and IUGR with antenatal taurine supplement group. Brain tissues were obtained immediately after rats were born. PKA-CREB signal pathway activity and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) mRNA and protein levels were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry stains, whereas immunoreactive cells of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were detected by immunohistochemistry stains. RESULTS The results showed that: (1) In the IUGR group, a greater number of PCNA and NSE immunoreactive cells were found in brain tissues compared with controls, and prenatal taurine supplementation led to a further increase. (2) Expression of PKA, CREB, and GDNF were increased in mRNA and protein levels due to taurine supplementation. DISCUSSION Antenatal taurine supplementation shows effects of promotion of cell proliferation and activation of neurotrophic factors on fetal rat brain in a model of IUGR by activating the PKA-CREB signal pathway, increasing expression of neurotrophic factors, and promoting cell proliferation to counteract neuron loss caused by IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing 100700, China
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Chalisova NI, Kontsevaya NE, Linkova NS, Pronyaeva VE, Chervyakova NA, Umnov RS, Benberin VV, Khavinson VH. Biological activity of amino acids in organotypic tissue cultures. Bull Exp Biol Med 2013; 155:581-5. [PMID: 24143390 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-013-2200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of 20 standard L-amino acids on proliferation of the nervous, cardiovascular, urogenital, digestive, and immune system tissues from young and old animals in organotypic cultures. The effect of amino acids on tissue culture proliferation depended on their origin and animal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Chalisova
- I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg; St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Northwestern Division of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russia.
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72
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Ng T, Ryu JR, Sohn JH, Tan T, Song H, Ming GL, Goh ELK. Class 3 semaphorin mediates dendrite growth in adult newborn neurons through Cdk5/FAK pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65572. [PMID: 23762397 PMCID: PMC3677868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Class 3 semaphorins are well-known axonal guidance cues during the embryonic development of mammalian nervous system. However, their activity on postnatally differentiated neurons in neurogenic regions of adult brains has not been characterized. We found that silencing of semaphorin receptors neuropilins (NRP) 1 or 2 in neural progenitors at the adult mouse dentate gyrus resulted in newly differentiated neurons with shorter dendrites and simpler branching in vivo. Tyrosine phosphorylation (Tyr 397) and serine phosphorylation (Ser 732) of FAK were essential for these effects. Semaphorin 3A and 3F mediate serine phosphorylation of FAK through the activation of Cdk5. Silencing of either Cdk5 or FAK in newborn neurons phenocopied the defects in dendritic development seen upon silencing of NRP1 or NRP2. Furthermore, in vivo overexpression of Cdk5 or FAK rescued the dendritic phenotypes seen in NRP1 and NRP2 deficient neurons. These results point to a novel role for class 3 semaphorins in promoting dendritic growth and branching during adult hippocampal neurogenesis through the activation of Cdk5-FAK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teclise Ng
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jae Ryun Ryu
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jae Ho Sohn
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Terence Tan
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hongjun Song
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Guo-li Ming
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eyleen L. K. Goh
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorder, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Hernández-Benítez R, Vangipuram SD, Ramos-Mandujano G, Lyman WD, Pasantes-Morales H. Taurine Enhances the Growth of Neural Precursors Derived from Fetal Human Brain and Promotes Neuronal Specification. Dev Neurosci 2013; 35:40-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000346900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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