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Mo S, Jin B, Tseng Y, Lin L, Lin L, Shen X, Song H, Kong M, Luo Z, Chu Y, Jiang C, Cao Z, Liu J, Luo F. A precise molecular subtyping of ulcerative colitis reveals the immune heterogeneity and predicts clinical drug responses. J Transl Med 2023; 21:466. [PMID: 37443022 PMCID: PMC10347743 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04326-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We sought to identify novel molecular subtypes of ulcerative colitis (UC) based on large-scale cohorts and establish a clinically applicable subtyping system for the precision treatment of the disease. METHODS Eight microarray profiles containing colon samples from 357 patients were utilized. Expression heterogeneity was screened out and stable subtypes were identified among UC patients. Immune infiltration pattern and biological agent response were compared among subtypes to assess the value in guiding treatment. The relationship between PRLR and TNFSF13B genes with the highest predictive value was further validated by functional experiments. RESULTS Three stable molecular subtypes were successfully identified. Immune cell infiltration analysis defined three subtypes as innate immune activated UC (IIA), whole immune activated UC (WIA), and immune homeostasis like UC (IHL). Notably, the response rate towards biological agents (infliximab/vedolizumab) in WIA patients was the lowest (less than 10%), while the response rate in IHL patients was the highest, ranging from 42 to 60%. Among the featured genes of subtypes, the ratio of PRLR to TNFSF13B could effectively screen for IHL UC subtype suitable for biological agent therapies (Area under curve: 0.961-0.986). Furthermore, we demonstrated that PRLR expressed in epithelial cells could inhibit the expression of TNFSF13B in monocyte-derived macrophages through the CXCL1-NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSIONS We identified three stable UC subtypes with a heterogeneous immune pattern and different response rates towards biological agents for the first time. We also established a precise molecular subtyping system and classifier to predict clinical drug response and provide individualized treatment strategies for UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaocong Mo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bryan Jin
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yujen Tseng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lingxi Lin
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lishuang Lin
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Huan Song
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Mingjia Kong
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhongguang Luo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Biotherapy Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhiwei Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Feifei Luo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Jatana S, Ponti AK, Johnson EE, Rebert NA, Smith JL, Fulmer CG, Maytin EV, Achkar JP, Fernandez AP, McDonald C. A novel murine model of pyoderma gangrenosum reveals that inflammatory skin-gut crosstalk is mediated by IL-1β-primed neutrophils. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1148893. [PMID: 37475852 PMCID: PMC10354730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1148893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a debilitating skin condition often accompanied by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Strikingly, ~40% of patients that present with PG have underlying IBD, suggesting shared but unknown mechanisms of pathogenesis. Impeding the development of effective treatments for PG is the absence of an animal model that exhibits features of both skin and gut manifestations. This study describes the development of the first experimental drug-induced mouse model of PG with concomitant intestinal inflammation. Topical application of pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors on wounded mouse skin generates skin ulcers enriched in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as well as pro-inflammatory cellular and soluble mediators mimicking human PG. The mice also develop spontaneous intestinal inflammation demonstrated by histologic damage. Further investigations revealed increased circulating low density IL-1β primed neutrophils that undergo enhanced NETosis at inflamed tissue sites supported by an increase in circulatory citrullinated histone 3, a marker of aberrant NET formation. Granulocyte depletion dampens the intestinal inflammation in this model, further supporting the notion that granulocytes contribute to the skin-gut crosstalk in PG mice. We anticipate that this novel murine PG model will enable researchers to probe common disease mechanisms and identify more effective targets for treatment for PG patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Jatana
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - András K. Ponti
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Erin E. Johnson
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Biology, John Carroll University, University Heights, OH, United States
| | - Nancy A. Rebert
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jordyn L. Smith
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Clifton G. Fulmer
- Department of Pathology, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Edward V. Maytin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology & Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jean-Paul Achkar
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anthony P. Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology & Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christine McDonald
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Holcomb L, Holman JM, Hurd M, Lavoie B, Colucci L, Hunt B, Hunt T, Kinney M, Pathak J, Mawe GM, Moses PL, Perry E, Stratigakis A, Zhang T, Chen G, Ishaq SL, Li Y. Early life exposure to broccoli sprouts confers stronger protection against enterocolitis development in an immunological mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.27.525953. [PMID: 36747766 PMCID: PMC9900910 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.27.525953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's Disease (CD) is a presentation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) that manifests in childhood and adolescence, and involves chronic and severe enterocolitis, immune and gut microbiome dysregulation, and other complications. Diet and gut-microbiota-produced metabolites are sources of anti-inflammatories which could ameliorate symptoms. However, questions remain on how IBD influences biogeographic patterns of microbial location and function in the gut, how early life transitional gut communities are affected by IBD and diet interventions, and how disruption to biogeography alters disease mediation by diet components or microbial metabolites. Many studies on diet and IBD use a chemically induced ulcerative colitis model, despite the availability of an immune-modulated CD model. Interleukin-10-knockout (IL-10-KO) mice on a C57BL/6 background, beginning at age 4 or 7 weeks, were fed a control diet or one containing 10% (w/w) raw broccoli sprouts, which was high in the sprout-sourced anti-inflammatory sulforaphane. Diets began 7 days prior to, and for 2 weeks after inoculation with Helicobacter hepaticus, which triggers Crohn's-like symptoms in these immune-impaired mice. The broccoli sprout diet increased sulforaphane in plasma; decreased weight stagnation, fecal blood, and diarrhea associated; and increased microbiota richness in the gut, especially in younger mice. Sprout diets resulted in some anatomically specific bacteria in younger mice, and reduced the prevalence and abundance of pathobiont bacteria which trigger inflammation in the IL-10-KO mouse, for example; Escherichia coli and Helicobacter. Overall, the IL-10-KO mouse model is responsive to a raw broccoli sprout diet and represents an opportunity for more diet-host-microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Holcomb
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA 04469
| | - Johanna M. Holman
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA 04469
| | - Molly Hurd
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA 05401
| | - Brigitte Lavoie
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA 05401
| | - Louisa Colucci
- Department of Biology, Husson University, Bangor, Maine, USA 04401
| | - Benjamin Hunt
- Department of Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA 04469
| | - Timothy Hunt
- Department of Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA 04469
| | - Marissa Kinney
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA 04469
| | - Jahnavi Pathak
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA 04469
| | - Gary M. Mawe
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA 05401
| | - Peter L. Moses
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA 05401
- Finch Therapeutics, Somerville, Massachusetts, USA 02143
| | - Emma Perry
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA 04469
| | - Allesandra Stratigakis
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, Johnson City, New York, USA 13790
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, Johnson City, New York, USA 13790
| | - Grace Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 48109
| | - Suzanne L. Ishaq
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA 04469
| | - Yanyan Li
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA 04469
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Holman JM, Colucci L, Baudewyns D, Balkan J, Hunt T, Hunt B, Kinney M, Holcomb L, Chen G, Moses PL, Mawe GM, Zhang T, Li Y, Ishaq SL. Steamed broccoli sprouts alleviate DSS-induced inflammation and retain gut microbial biogeography in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.27.522641. [PMID: 37292900 PMCID: PMC10245759 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.27.522641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are devastating conditions of the gastrointestinal tract with limited treatments, and dietary intervention may be effective, and affordable, for managing symptoms. Glucosinolate compounds are highly concentrated in broccoli sprouts, especially glucoraphanin, and can be metabolized by certain mammalian gut bacteria into anti inflammatory isothiocyanates, such as sulforaphane. Gut microbiota exhibit biogeographic patterns, but it is unknown if colitis alters these or whether the location of glucoraphanin metabolizing bacteria affects anti-inflammatory benefits. We fed specific pathogen free C57BL/6 mice either a control diet or a 10% steamed broccoli sprout diet, and gave a three-cycle regimen of 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water over a 34-day experiment to simulate chronic, relapsing ulcerative colitis. We monitored body weight, fecal characteristics, lipocalin, serum cytokines, and bacterial communities from the luminal and mucosa-associated populations in the jejunum, cecum, and colon. Mice fed the broccoli sprout diet with DSS treatment performed better than mice fed the control diet with DSS, including significantly more weight gain, lower Disease Activity Indexes, lower plasma lipocalin and proinflammatory cytokines, and higher bacterial richness in all gut locations. Bacterial communities were assorted by gut location, but were more homogenous across locations in the control diet + DSS mice. Importantly, our results showed that broccoli sprout feeding abrogated the effects of DSS on gut microbiota, as bacterial richness and biogeography were similar between mice receiving broccoli sprouts with and without DSS. Collectively, these results support the protective effect of steamed broccoli sprouts against dysbiosis and colitis induced by DSS. Importance Evaluating bacterial communities across different locations in the gut provides a greater insight than fecal samples alone, and provides an additional metric by which to evaluate beneficial host-microbe interactions. Here, we show that 10% steamed broccoli sprouts in the diet protects mice from the negative effects of dextran sodium sulfate induced colitis, that colitis erases biogeographical patterns of bacterial communities in the gut, and that the cecum is not likely to be a significant contributor to colonic bacteria of interest in the DSS mouse model of ulcerative colitis. Mice fed the broccoli sprout diet during colitis performed better than mice fed the control diet while receiving DSS. The identification of accessible dietary components and concentrations that help maintain and correct the gut microbiome may provide universal and equitable approaches to IBD prevention and recovery, and broccoli sprouts represent a promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M. Holman
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA 04469
| | - Louisa Colucci
- Department of Biology, Husson University, Bangor, Maine, USA 04401
| | | | - Joe Balkan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA 02155
| | - Timothy Hunt
- Department of Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA 04469
| | - Benjamin Hunt
- Department of Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA 04469
| | - Marissa Kinney
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA 04469
| | - Lola Holcomb
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA 04469
| | - Grace Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA 48109
| | - Peter L. Moses
- Departments of Neurological Sciences and of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA 05401
- Finch Therapeutics, Somerville, Massachusetts, USA 02143
| | - Gary M. Mawe
- Departments of Neurological Sciences and of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA 05401
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, Johnson City, New York, USA 13790
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA 04469
| | - Suzanne L. Ishaq
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA 04469
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Zhou L, Yan Z, Yang W, Buckley JA, Al Diffalha S, Benveniste EN, Qin H. Socs3 expression in myeloid cells modulates the pathogenesis of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1163987. [PMID: 37283760 PMCID: PMC10239850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1163987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Myeloid cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs), including Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD). Dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway is associated with many pathological conditions, including IBD. Suppressors Of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) are a family of proteins that negatively regulate the JAK/STAT pathway. Our previous studies identified that mice lacking Socs3 in myeloid cells developed a hyper-activated phenotype of macrophages and neutrophils in a pre-clinical model of Multiple Sclerosis. Methods To better understand the function of myeloid cell Socs3 in the pathogenesis of colitis, mice with Socs3 deletion in myeloid cells (Socs3 ΔLysM) were utilized in a DSS-induced colitis model. Results Our results indicate that Socs3 deficiency in myeloid cells leads to more severe colitis induced by DSS, which correlates with increased infiltration of monocytes and neutrophils in the colon and increased numbers of monocytes and neutrophils in the spleen. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the expression of genes related to the pathogenesis and diagnosis of colitis such as Il1β, Lcn2, S100a8 and S100a9 were specifically enhanced in Socs3-deficient neutrophils localized to the colon and spleen. Conversely, there were no observable differences in gene expression in Ly6C+ monocytes. Depletion of neutrophils using a neutralizing antibody to Ly6G significantly improved the disease severity of DSS-induced colitis in Socs3-deficient mice. Discussion Thus, our results suggest that deficiency of Socs3 in myeloid cells exacerbates DSS-induced colitis and that Socs3 prevents overt activation of the immune system in IBD. This study may provide novel therapeutic strategies to IBD patients with hyperactivated neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianna Zhou
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zhaoqi Yan
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Wei Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jessica A. Buckley
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sameer Al Diffalha
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Etty N. Benveniste
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Hongwei Qin
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Guo Y, Gu D, Huang T, Li A, Zhou Y, Kang X, Meng C, Xiong D, Song L, Jiao X, Pan Z. Salmonella Enteritidis T1SS protein SiiD inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation via repressing the mtROS-ASC dependent pathway. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011381. [PMID: 37155697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome activation is an essential innate immune defense mechanism against Salmonella infections. Salmonella has developed multiple strategies to avoid or delay inflammasome activation, which may be required for long-term bacterial persistence. However, the mechanisms by which Salmonella evades host immune defenses are still not well understood. In this study, Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) random insertion transposon library was screened to identify the key factors that affect the inflammasome activation. The type I secretion system (T1SS) protein SiiD was demonstrated to repress the NLRP3 inflammasome activation during SE infection and was the first to reveal the antagonistic role of T1SS in the inflammasome pathway. SiiD was translocated into host cells and localized in the membrane fraction in a T1SS-dependent and partially T3SS-1-dependent way during SE infection. Subsequently, SiiD was demonstrated to significantly suppress the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), thus repressing ASC oligomerization to form pyroptosomes, and impairing the NLRP3 dependent Caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion. Importantly, SiiD-deficient SE induced stronger gut inflammation in mice and displayed NLRP3-dependent attenuation of the virulence. SiiD-mediated inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation significantly contributed to SE colonization in the infected mice. This study links bacterial T1SS regulation of mtROS-ASC signaling to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reveals the essential role of T1SS in evading host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
- School of Nursing School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xilong Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuang Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of A griculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
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York AG, Skadow MH, Qu R, Oh J, Mowel WK, Brewer JR, Kaffe E, Williams KJ, Kluger Y, Crawford JM, Smale ST, Bensinger SJ, Flavell RA. IL-10 constrains sphingolipid metabolism via fatty acid desaturation to limit inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.07.539780. [PMID: 37214856 PMCID: PMC10197576 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.07.539780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Unchecked chronic inflammation is the underlying cause of many diseases, ranging from inflammatory bowel disease to obesity and neurodegeneration. Given the deleterious nature of unregulated inflammation, it is not surprising that cells have acquired a diverse arsenal of tactics to limit inflammation. IL-10 is a key anti-inflammatory cytokine that can limit immune cell activation and cytokine production in innate immune cell types; however, the exact mechanism by which IL-10 signaling subdues inflammation remains unclear. Here, we find that IL-10 signaling constrains sphingolipid metabolism. Specifically, we find increased saturated very long chain (VLC) ceramides are critical for the heightened inflammatory gene expression that is a hallmark of IL-10-deficient macrophages. Genetic deletion of CerS2, the enzyme responsible for VLC ceramide production, limited exacerbated inflammatory gene expression associated with IL-10 deficiency both in vitro and in vivo , indicating that "metabolic correction" is able to reduce inflammation in the absence of IL-10. Surprisingly, accumulation of saturated VLC ceramides was regulated by flux through the de novo mono-unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) synthesis pathway, where addition of exogenous MUFAs could limit both saturated VLC ceramide production and inflammatory gene expression in the absence of IL-10 signaling. Together, these studies mechanistically define how IL-10 signaling manipulates fatty acid metabolism as part of its molecular anti-inflammatory strategy and could lead to novel and inexpensive approaches to regulate aberrant inflammation.
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Kim SY, Park JH, Leite G, Pimentel M, Rezaie A. Interleukin-10 Knockout Mice Do Not Reliably Exhibit Macroscopic Inflammation: A Natural History Endoscopic Surveillance Study. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:1858-1862. [PMID: 36929236 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-10 knockout (KO) mice, a model for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), develop chronic enterocolitis due to an aberrant immune response to enteric antigens. Endoscopy, the gold standard for evaluation of human mucosal health, is not widely available for murine models. AIMS To assess the natural history of left-sided colitis in IL-10 KO mice via serial endoscopies. METHODS BALB/cJ IL-10 KO mice underwent regular endoscopic assessments from 2 up to 8 months of age. Procedures were recorded and blindly evaluated using a 4-component endoscopic score: mucosal wall transparency, intestinal bleeding, focal lesions and perianal lesions (0-3 points each). An endoscopic score ≥ 1 point was considered as the presence of colitis/flare. RESULTS IL-10 KO mice (N = 40, 9 female) were assessed. Mean age at first endoscopy was 62.5 ± 2.5 days; average number of procedures per mouse was 6.0 ± 1.3. A total of 238 endoscopies were conducted every 24.8 ± 8.3 days, corresponding to 124.1 ± 45.2 days of surveillance per mouse. Thirty-three endoscopies in 24 mice (60%) detected colitis, mean endoscopy score 2.5 ± 1.3 (range: 1-6.3). Nineteen mice (47.5%) had one episode of colitis and 5 (12.5%) had 2-3 episodes. All exhibited complete spontaneous healing on subsequent endoscopies. CONCLUSIONS In this large-scale endoscopic surveillance study of IL-10 KO mice, 40% of mice did not develop endoscopic left-sided colitis. Furthermore, IL-10 KO mice did not exhibit persistent colitis and universally exhibited complete spontaneous healing without treatment. The natural history of colitis in IL-10 KO mice may not be comparable with that of IBD in humans and requires careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Young Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Jae Ho Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Gabriela Leite
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark Pimentel
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ali Rezaie
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Eeckhout E, Hamerlinck L, Jonckheere V, Van Damme P, van Loo G, Wullaert A. Gasdermin D independent canonical inflammasome responses cooperate with caspase-8 to establish host defense against gastrointestinal Citrobacter rodentium infection. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:282. [PMID: 37080966 PMCID: PMC10119323 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Citrobacter rodentium is an enteropathogen that causes intestinal inflammatory responses in mice reminiscent of the pathology provoked by enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infections in humans. C. rodentium expresses various virulence factors that target specific signaling proteins involved in executing apoptotic, necroptotic and pyroptotic cell death, suggesting that each of these distinct cell death modes performs essential host defense functions that the pathogen aims to disturb. However, the relative contributions of apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis in protecting the host against C. rodentium have not been elucidated. Here we used mice with single or combined deficiencies in essential signaling proteins controlling apoptotic, necroptotic or pyroptotic cell death to reveal the roles of these cell death modes in host defense against C. rodentium. Gastrointestinal C. rodentium infections in mice lacking GSDMD and/or MLKL showed that both pyroptosis and necroptosis were dispensable for pathogen clearance. In contrast, while RIPK3-deficient mice showed normal C. rodentium clearance, mice with combined caspase-8 and RIPK3 deficiencies failed to clear intestinal pathogen loads. Although this demonstrated a crucial role for caspase-8 signaling in establishing intestinal host defense, Casp8-/-Ripk3-/- mice remained capable of preventing systemic pathogen persistence. This systemic host defense relied on inflammasome signaling, as Casp8-/-Ripk3-/- mice with combined caspase-1 and -11 deletion succumbed to C. rodentium infection. Interestingly, although it is known that C. rodentium can activate the non-canonical caspase-11 inflammasome, selectively disabling canonical inflammasome signaling by single caspase-1 deletion sufficed to render Casp8-/-Ripk3-/- mice vulnerable to C. rodentium-induced lethality. Moreover, Casp8-/-Ripk3-/- mice lacking GSDMD survived a C. rodentium infection, suggesting that pyroptosis was not crucial for the protective functions of canonical inflammasomes in these mice. Taken together, our mouse genetic experiments revealed an essential cooperation between caspase-8 signaling and GSDMD-independent canonical inflammasome signaling to establish intestinal and systemic host defense against gastrointestinal C. rodentium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien Eeckhout
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lisa Hamerlinck
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Jonckheere
- iRIP Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Petra Van Damme
- iRIP Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andy Wullaert
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Proteinscience, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signalling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Tews HC, Elger T, Grewal T, Weidlich S, Vitali F, Buechler C. Fecal and Urinary Adipokines as Disease Biomarkers. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041186. [PMID: 37189804 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers is of great clinical value for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease and the assessment of treatment efficacy. In this context, adipokines secreted from adipose tissue are of interest, as their elevated circulating levels are associated with a range of metabolic dysfunctions, inflammation, renal and hepatic diseases and cancers. In addition to serum, adipokines can also be detected in the urine and feces, and current experimental evidence on the analysis of fecal and urinary adipokine levels points to their potential as disease biomarkers. This includes increased urinary adiponectin, lipocalin-2, leptin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in renal diseases and an association of elevated urinary chemerin as well as urinary and fecal lipocalin-2 levels with active inflammatory bowel diseases. Urinary IL-6 levels are also upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis and may become an early marker for kidney transplant rejection, while fecal IL-6 levels are increased in decompensated liver cirrhosis and acute gastroenteritis. In addition, galectin-3 levels in urine and stool may emerge as a biomarker for several cancers. With the analysis of urine and feces from patients being cost-efficient and non-invasive, the identification and utilization of adipokine levels as urinary and fecal biomarkers could become a great advantage for disease diagnosis and predicting treatment outcomes. This review article highlights data on the abundance of selected adipokines in urine and feces, underscoring their potential to serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauke C Tews
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Elger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Simon Weidlich
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Francesco Vitali
- Department of Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Pneumology and Endocrinology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Lockhart A, Reed A, de Castro TR, Herman C, Canesso MCC, Mucida D. Dietary protein shapes the profile and repertoire of intestinal CD4 + T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.11.536475. [PMID: 37090529 PMCID: PMC10120666 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.11.536475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal immune system must tolerate food antigens to avoid allergy, a process requiring CD4 + T cells. Combining antigenically defined diets with gnotobiotic models, we show that food and microbiota distinctly influence the profile and T cell receptor repertoire of intestinal CD4 + T cells. Independent of the microbiota, dietary proteins contributed to accumulation and clonal selection of antigen-experienced CD4 + T cells at the intestinal epithelium, imprinting a tissue specialized transcriptional program including cytotoxic genes on both conventional and regulatory CD4 + T cells (Tregs). This steady state CD4 + T cell response to food was disrupted by inflammatory challenge, and protection against food allergy in this context was associated with Treg clonal expansion and decreased pro-inflammatory gene expression. Finally, we identified both steady state epithelium-adapted CD4 + T cells and tolerance-induced Tregs that recognize dietary antigens, suggesting that both cell types may be critical for preventing inappropriate immune responses to food.
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Gates TJ, Yuan C, Shetty M, Kaiser T, Nelson AC, Chauhan A, Starr TK, Staley C, Subramanian S. Fecal Microbiota Restoration Modulates the Microbiome in Inflammation-Driven Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15082260. [PMID: 37190186 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15082260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the colon (colitis) is a known risk factor for inflammatory-driven colorectal cancers (id-CRCs), and intestinal microbiota has been implicated in the etiology of id-CRCs. Manipulation of the microbiome is a clinically viable therapeutic approach to limiting id-CRCs. To understand the microbiome changes that occur over time in id-CRCs, we used a mouse model of id-CRCs with the treatment of azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and measured the microbiome over time. We included cohorts where the microbiome was restored using cage bedding swapping and where the microbiome was depleted using antibiotics to compare to untreated animals. We identified consistent increases in Akkermansia in mice receiving horizontal microbiome transfer (HMT) via cage bedding swapping, while the control cohort had consistent longitudinal increases in Anaeroplasma and Alistipes. Additionally, fecal lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2), a marker of intestinal inflammation, was elevated in unrestored animals compared to restored and antibiotic-treated counterparts following HMT. These observations suggest a potential role for Akkermansia, Anaeroplasma, and Alistipes in regulating colonic inflammation in id-CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J Gates
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ce Yuan
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mihir Shetty
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Thomas Kaiser
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Andrew C Nelson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Aastha Chauhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Timothy K Starr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christopher Staley
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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63
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Spatz M, Da Costa G, Ventin-Holmberg R, Planchais J, Michaudel C, Wang Y, Danne C, Lapiere A, Michel ML, Kolho KL, Langella P, Sokol H, Richard ML. Antibiotic treatment using amoxicillin-clavulanic acid impairs gut mycobiota development through modification of the bacterial ecosystem. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:73. [PMID: 37032359 PMCID: PMC10084673 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of antibiotics on gut bacteria have been widely studied, but very little is known about the consequences of such treatments on the fungal microbiota (mycobiota). It is commonly believed that fungal load increases in the gastrointestinal tract following antibiotic treatment, but better characterization is clearly needed of how antibiotics directly or indirectly affect the mycobiota and thus the entire microbiota. DESIGN We used samples from humans (infant cohort) and mice (conventional and human microbiota-associated mice) to study the consequences of antibiotic treatment (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid) on the intestinal microbiota. Bacterial and fungal communities were subjected to qPCR or 16S and ITS2 amplicon-based sequencing for microbiota analysis. In vitro assays further characterized bacterial-fungal interactions, with mixed cultures between specific bacteria and fungi. RESULTS Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid treatment triggered a decrease in the total fungal population in mouse feces, while other antibiotics had opposite effects on the fungal load. This decrease is accompanied by a total remodelling of the fungal population with the enrichment in Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Valsa genera. In the presence of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, microbiota analysis showed a remodeling of bacterial microbiota with an increase in specific bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae. Using in vitro assays, we isolated different Enterobacteriaceae species and explored their effect on different fungal strains. We showed that Enterobacter hormaechei was able to reduce the fungal population in vitro and in vivo through yet unknown mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Bacteria and fungi have strong interactions within the microbiota; hence, the perturbation initiated by an antibiotic treatment targeting the bacterial community can have complex consequences and can induce opposite alterations of the mycobiota. Interestingly, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid treatment has a deleterious effect on the fungal community, which may have been partially due to the overgrowth of specific bacterial strains with inhibiting or competing effects on fungi. This study provides new insights into the interactions between fungi and bacteria of the intestinal microbiota and might offer new strategies to modulate gut microbiota equilibrium. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Spatz
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France.
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France.
| | - Gregory Da Costa
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Rebecka Ventin-Holmberg
- Faculty of Medicine, Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00250, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julien Planchais
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Chloé Michaudel
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Camille Danne
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Alexia Lapiere
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Marie-Laure Michel
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Kaija-Leena Kolho
- Faculty of Medicine, Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Philippe Langella
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France
- Gastroenterology Department, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Saint Antoine Hospital, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Mathias L Richard
- Micalis Institute, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech, France.
- Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, 75012, France.
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Ju T, Bourrie BCT, Forgie AJ, Pepin DM, Tollenaar S, Sergi CM, Willing BP. The Gut Commensal Escherichia coli Aggravates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mice. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0162822. [PMID: 36809030 PMCID: PMC10057047 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01628-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the gut microbiota have been linked to metabolic endotoxemia as a contributing mechanism in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Although identifying specific microbial taxa associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes remains difficult, certain bacteria may play an important role in initiating metabolic inflammation during disease development. The enrichment of the family Enterobacteriaceae, largely represented by Escherichia coli, induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) has been correlated with impaired glucose homeostasis; however, whether the enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae in a complex gut microbial community in response to an HFD contributes to metabolic disease has not been established. To investigate whether the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae amplifies HFD-induced metabolic disease, a tractable mouse model with the presence or absence of a commensal E. coli strain was established. With an HFD treatment, but not a standard-chow diet, the presence of E. coli significantly increased body weight and adiposity and induced impaired glucose tolerance. In addition, E. coli colonization led to increased inflammation in liver and adipose and intestinal tissue under an HFD regimen. With a modest effect on gut microbial composition, E. coli colonization resulted in significant changes in the predicted functional potential of microbial communities. The results demonstrated the role of commensal E. coli in glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism in response to an HFD, indicating contributions of commensal bacteria to the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The findings of this research identified a targetable subset of the microbiota in the treatment of people with metabolic inflammation. IMPORTANCE Although identifying specific microbial taxa associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes remains difficult, certain bacteria may play an important role in initiating metabolic inflammation during disease development. Here, we used a mouse model distinguishable by the presence or absence of a commensal Escherichia coli strain in combination with a high-fat diet challenge to investigate the impact of E. coli on host metabolic outcomes. This is the first study to show that the addition of a single bacterial species to an animal already colonized with a complex microbial community can increase severity of metabolic outcomes. This study is of interest to a wide group of researchers because it provides compelling evidence to target the gut microbiota for therapeutic purposes by which personalized medicines can be made for treating metabolic inflammation. The study also provides an explanation for variability in studies investigating host metabolic outcomes and immune response to diet interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ju
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Benjamin C. T. Bourrie
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Forgie
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Deanna M. Pepin
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Stephanie Tollenaar
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Consolato M. Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Stollery Children’s Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin P. Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Yang X, Wang Z, Niu J, Zhai R, Xue X, Wu G, Fang Y, Meng G, Yuan H, Zhao L, Zhang C. Pathobionts from chemically disrupted gut microbiota induce insulin-dependent diabetes in mice. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:62. [PMID: 36978130 PMCID: PMC10052834 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysbiotic gut microbiome, genetically predisposed or chemically disrupted, has been linked with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) including autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) in both humans and animal models. However, specific IDD-inducing gut bacteria remain to be identified and their casual role in disease development demonstrated via experiments that can fulfill Koch's postulates. RESULTS Here, we show that novel gut pathobionts in the Muribaculaceae family, enriched by a low-dose dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment, translocated to the pancreas and caused local inflammation, beta cell destruction and IDD in C57BL/6 mice. Antibiotic removal and transplantation of gut microbiota showed that this low DSS disrupted gut microbiota was both necessary and sufficient to induce IDD. Reduced butyrate content in the gut and decreased gene expression levels of an antimicrobial peptide in the pancreas allowed for the enrichment of selective members in the Muribaculaceae family in the gut and their translocation to the pancreas. Pure isolate of one such members induced IDD in wildtype germ-free mice on normal diet either alone or in combination with normal gut microbiome after gavaged into stomach and translocated to pancreas. Potential human relevance of this finding was shown by the induction of pancreatic inflammation, beta cell destruction and IDD development in antibiotic-treated wildtype mice via transplantation of gut microbiome from patients with IDD including autoimmune T1D. CONCLUSION The pathobionts that are chemically enriched in dysbiotic gut microbiota are sufficient to induce insulin-dependent diabetes after translocation to the pancreas. This indicates that IDD can be mainly a microbiome-dependent disease, inspiring the need to search for novel pathobionts for IDD development in humans. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junling Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xinhe Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guojun Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Endocrinology of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Guangxun Meng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Huijuan Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Sharma S, Bhatia R, Devi K, Rawat A, Singh S, Bhadada SK, Bishnoi M, Sharma SS, Kondepudi KK. A synbiotic combination of Bifidobacterium longum Bif10 and Bifidobacterium breve Bif11, isomaltooligosaccharides and finger millet arabinoxylan prevents dextran sodium sulphate induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123326. [PMID: 36681226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Decreased bifidobacterial abundance, disrupted gut barrier function, dysregulated immune response and ulceration have been reported in the gut microbiota of IBD patients. Non-digestible carbohydrates with bifidogenic effect enrich the gut microbiota with Bifidobacterium spp. and could help in overcoming inflammatory gut conditions. In this study, the protective effect of Bifidobacterium longum Bif10 and Bifidobacterium breve Bif11; isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOS); Finger millet arabinoxylan (FM-AX) and their Synbiotic mix were evaluated against dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) induced UC in male Balb/c mice for 25 days. All the interventions ameliorated symptoms of colitis such as disease activity index (DAI), histological damage to the colon, gut-bacterial dysbiosis and inflammation. However, the synbiotic mix was more potent in amelioration of some of the parameters such as decreased TNF-α and lipocalin levels; increased anti-inflammatory markers (IL-10 and IL-22), and improved short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels in the cecum content. Furthermore, mouse colitis histological scoring (MCHI) also suggested the preventive role of synbiotic mix. All the dietary interventions aid in improving the DAI and immune parameters; restoration or regeneration of the altered selected gut bacteria, enhances the SCFA production, strengthens gut barrier, prevents gut inflammation and decreases the colonic MCHI score in DSS fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Sharma
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food & Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar 140306, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Ruchika Bhatia
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food & Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar 140306, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kirti Devi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food & Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar 140306, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Anita Rawat
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food & Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar 140306, Punjab, India; Regional Center for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Shashank Singh
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food & Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food & Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar 140306, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; Regional Center for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre for Excellence in Functional Foods, Division of Food & Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar 140306, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; Regional Center for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
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67
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Klitgaard M, Kristensen MN, Venkatasubramanian R, Guerra P, Jacobsen J, Berthelsen R, Rades T, Müllertz A. Assessing acute colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in rats and its impact on gastrointestinal fluids. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1484-1499. [PMID: 36913104 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is commonly used to induce colitis in rats. While the DSS-induced colitis rat model can be used to test new oral drug formulations for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, the effect of the DSS treatment on the gastrointestinal tract has not been thoroughly characterized. Additionally, the use of different markers to assess and confirm successful induction of colitis is somewhat inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the DSS model to improve the preclinical evaluation of new oral drug formulations. The induction of colitis was evaluated based on the disease activity index (DAI) score, colon length, histological tissue evaluation, spleen weight, plasma C-reactive protein, and plasma lipocalin-2. Furthermore, the study investigated how the DSS-induced colitis affected the luminal pH, lipase activity, and concentrations of bile salts, polar lipids, and neutral lipids. For all evaluated parameters, healthy rats were used as a reference. The DAI score, colon length, and histological evaluation of the colon were effective disease indicators in DSS-induced colitis rats, while spleen weight, plasma C-reactive protein, and plasma lipocalin-2 were not. The luminal pH of the colon and bile salt- and neutral lipid concentrations in regions of the small intestine were lower in DSS-induced rats compared to healthy rats. Overall, the colitis model was deemed relevant for investigating ulcerative colitis-specific formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Klitgaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maja Nørgaard Kristensen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Priscila Guerra
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jette Jacobsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ragna Berthelsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Bioneer:FARMA, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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68
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Jang KK, Heaney T, London M, Ding Y, Yeung F, Ercelen D, Chen YH, Axelrad J, Gurunathan S, Marijke Keestra-Gounder A, Griffin ME, Hang HC, Cadwell K. Antimicrobial overproduction sustains intestinal inflammation by inhibiting Enterococcus colonization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.29.526128. [PMID: 36778381 PMCID: PMC9915521 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.29.526128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Loss of antimicrobial proteins such as REG3 family members compromises the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Here, we demonstrate that overproduction of REG3 proteins can also be detrimental by reducing a protective species in the microbiota. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experiencing flares displayed heightened levels of secreted REG3 proteins that mediated depletion of Enterococcus faecium ( Efm ) from the gut microbiota. Efm inoculation of mice ameliorated intestinal inflammation through activation of the innate immune receptor NOD2, which was associated with the bacterial DL-endopeptidase SagA. Microbiota sensing by NOD2 in myeloid cells mediated IL-1β secretion and increased the proportion of IL-22-producing CD4 + T helper cells and innate lymphoid cells. Finally, Efm was unable to protect mice carrying a NOD2 gene variant commonly found in IBD patients. Our findings demonstrate that inflammation self-perpetuates by causing aberrant antimicrobial activity that disrupts symbiotic relationships with gut microbes.
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Roberts JL, Golloshi M, Harding DB, Conduah M, Liu G, Drissi H. Bifidobacterium longum supplementation improves age-related delays in fracture repair. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13786. [PMID: 36704918 PMCID: PMC10086533 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related delays in bone repair remains an important clinical issue that can prolong pain and suffering. It is now well established that inflammation increases with aging and that this exacerbated inflammatory response can influence skeletal regeneration. Recently, simple dietary supplementation with beneficial probiotic bacteria has been shown to influence fracture repair in young mice. However, the contribution of the gut microbiota to age-related impairments in fracture healing remains unknown. Here, we sought to determine whether supplementation with a single beneficial probiotic species, Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum), would promote fracture repair in aged (18-month-old) female mice. We found that B. longum supplementation accelerated bony callus formation which improved mechanical properties of the fractured limb. We attribute these pro-regenerative effects of B. longum to preservation of intestinal barrier, dampened systemic inflammation, and maintenance of the microbiota community structure. Moreover, B. longum attenuated many of the fracture-induced systemic pathologies. Our study provides evidence that targeting the gut microbiota using simple dietary approaches can improve fracture healing outcomes and minimize systemic pathologies in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Roberts
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Mateo Golloshi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Derek B Harding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Madison Conduah
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Guanglu Liu
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
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Guillaume D, Racha B, Sandrine B, Etienne R, Laurent G, Virginie B, Pierre SS, Amine G, Vincent G, Nicolas B, Julien D, Richard B. Genes mcr improve the intestinal fitness of pathogenic E. coli and balance their lifestyle to commensalism. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:12. [PMID: 36670449 PMCID: PMC9863213 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plasmid-mediated resistance gene mcr-1 confers colistin resistance in Escherichia coli and paves the way for the evolution to pan-drug resistance. We investigated the impact of mcr-1 in gut colonization in the absence of antibiotics using isogenic E. coli strains transformed with a plasmid encoding or devoid of mcr-1. RESULTS In gnotobiotic and conventional mice, mcr-1 significantly enhanced intestinal anchoring of E. coli but impaired their lethal effect. This improvement of intestinal fitness was associated with a downregulation of intestinal inflammatory markers and the preservation of intestinal microbiota composition. The mcr-1 gene mediated a cross-resistance to antimicrobial peptides secreted by the microbiota and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), enhanced E. coli adhesion to IECs, and decreased the proinflammatory activity of both E. coli and its lipopolysaccharides. CONCLUSION Overall, mcr-1 changed multiple facets of bacterial behaviour and appeared as a factor enhancing commensal lifestyle and persistence in the gut even in the absence of antibiotics. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalmasso Guillaume
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Beyrouthy Racha
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de référence de la résistance aux antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 58 place Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Brugiroux Sandrine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ruppé Etienne
- Université de Paris, IAME, INSERM, F-75018 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, DEBRC, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Guillouard Laurent
- Centre de référence de la résistance aux antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 58 place Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bonnin Virginie
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Saint-Sardos Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ghozlane Amine
- Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique—Département Biologie Computationnelle, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Gaumet Vincent
- IMOST, UMR 1240 Inserm, Université Clermont Auvergne, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63005 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Barnich Nicolas
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Delmas Julien
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bonnet Richard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l’Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de référence de la résistance aux antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 58 place Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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71
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Daniel N, Gewirtz AT, Chassaing B. Akkermansia muciniphila counteracts the deleterious effects of dietary emulsifiers on microbiota and host metabolism. Gut 2023; 72:906-917. [PMID: 36646449 PMCID: PMC10086484 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence indicates that some non-absorbed food additives, including emulsifiers carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polysorbate 80 (P80), can negatively impact intestinal microbiota, leading to microbiota encroachment, chronic low-grade intestinal inflammation and, subsequently, promotion of metabolic dysregulations. Detrimental impacts of emulsifier consumption on gut microbiota include depletion of the health-associated mucus-fortifying bacteria, Akkermansia muciniphila. OBJECTIVE Investigate, in mice, the potential of administration of exogenous A. muciniphila as a means to protect against detrimental impacts of emulsifiers. RESULTS Daily oral administration of A. muciniphila prevented phenotypic consequences of consumption of both CMC and P80, including hyperphagia, weight gain and dysglycaemia. A. muciniphila administration also counteracted the low-grade intestinal inflammation-induced CMC and P80. Furthermore, A. muciniphila supplementation prevented the proximal impacts of CMC and P80 on gut microbiota that are thought to drive low-grade chronic inflammation and metabolic dysregulations. Specifically, A. muciniphila prevented alterations in species composition and encroachment of gut microbiota that were otherwise induced by CMC and P80. Remarkably, we finally report that CMC and P80 altered the colonic transcriptome, while A. muciniphila largely protected against these alterations. CONCLUSION Daily administration of A. muciniphila protects against the detrimental impact of emulsifiers on both the microbiota and host. These results support the notion that use of A. muciniphila as a probiotic can help maintain intestinal and metabolic health amidst the broad array of modern stresses that can promote chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëmie Daniel
- Team "Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases", Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Team "Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases", Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Smith AD, Chen C, Cheung L, Dawson HD. Raw potato starch alters the microbiome, colon and cecal gene expression, and resistance to Citrobacter rodentium infection in mice fed a Western diet. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1057318. [PMID: 36704785 PMCID: PMC9871501 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1057318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistant starches (RS) are fermented in the cecum and colon to produce short-chain fatty acids and other microbial metabolites that can alter host physiology and the composition of the microbiome. We previously showed that mice fed a Total Western Diet (TWD) based on NHANES data that mimics the composition of a typical American diet, containing resistant potato starch (RPS), produced concentration dependent changes to the cecal short-chain fatty acids, the microbiome composition as well as gene expression changes in the cecum and colon that were most prevalent in mice fed the 10% RPS diet. We were then interested in whether feeding TWD/RPS would alter the resistance to bacterial-induced colitis caused by Citrobacter rodentium (Cr), a mouse pathogen that shares 66.7% of encoded genes with Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Mice were fed the TWD for 6 weeks followed by a 3-weeks on the RPS diets before infecting with Cr. Fecal Cr excretion was monitored over time and fecal samples were collected for 16S sequencing. Mice were euthanized on day 12 post-infection and cecal contents collected for 16S sequencing. Cecum and colon tissues were obtained for gene expression analysis, histology and to determine the level of mucosa-associated Cr. Feeding RPS increased the percentage of mice productively infected by Cr and fecal Cr excretion on day 4 post-infection. Mice fed the TWD/10% RPS diet also had greater colonization of colonic tissue at day 12 post-infection and colonic pathology. Both diet and infection altered the fecal and cecal microbiome composition with increased levels of RPS resulting in decreased α-diversity that was partially reversed by Cr infection. RNASeq analysis identified several mechanistic pathways that could be associated with the increased colonization of Cr-infected mice fed 10% RPS. In the distal colon we found a decrease in enrichment for genes associated with T cells, B cells, genes associated with the synthesis of DHA-derived SPMs and VA metabolism/retinoic acid signaling. We also found an increase in the expression of the potentially immunosuppressive gene, Ido1. These results suggest that high-level consumption of RPS in the context of a typical American diet, may alter susceptibility to gastrointestinal bacterial infections.
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73
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Porras AM, Zhou H, Shi Q, Xiao X, Longman R, Brito IL. Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Gut Commensals Degrade Components of the Extracellular Matrix. mBio 2022; 13:e0220122. [PMID: 36445085 PMCID: PMC9765649 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02201-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling has emerged as a key feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and ECM fragments have been proposed as markers of clinical disease severity. Recent studies report increased protease activity in the gut microbiota of IBD patients. Nonetheless, the relationship between gut microbiota and ECM remodeling has remained unexplored. We hypothesized that members of the human gut microbiome could degrade the host ECM and that bacteria-driven remodeling, in turn, could enhance colonic inflammation. Through a variety of in vitro assays, we first confirmed that multiple bacterial species found in the human gut are capable of degrading specific ECM components. Clinical stool samples obtained from ulcerative colitis patients also exhibited higher levels of proteolytic activity in vitro, compared to those of their healthy counterparts. Furthermore, culture supernatants from bacteria species that are capable of degrading human ECM accelerated inflammation in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Finally, we identified several of the bacterial proteases and carbohydrate degrading enzymes (CAZymes) that are potentially responsible for ECM degradation in vitro. Some of these protease families and CAZymes were also found in increased abundance in a metagenomic cohort of IBD. These results demonstrate that some commensal bacteria in the gut are indeed capable of degrading components of human ECM in vitro and suggest that this proteolytic activity may be involved in the progression of IBD. A better understanding of the relationship between nonpathogenic gut microbes, host ECM, and inflammation could be crucial to elucidating some of the mechanisms underlying host-bacteria interactions in IBD and beyond. IMPORTANCE Healthy gut epithelial cells form a barrier that keeps bacteria and other substances from entering the blood or tissues of the body. Those cells sit on scaffolding that maintains the structure of the gut and informs our immune system about the integrity of this barrier. In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), breaks are formed in this cellular barrier, and bacteria gain access to the underlying tissue and scaffolding. In our study, we discovered that bacteria that normally reside in the gut can modify and disassemble the underlying scaffolding. Additionally, we discovered that changes to this scaffolding affect the onset of IBD in mouse models of colitis as well as the abilities of these mice to recover. We propose that this new information will reveal how breaks in the gut wall lead to IBD and will open up new avenues by which to treat patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Porras
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Qiaojuan Shi
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Xieyue Xiao
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - JRI Live Cell Bank
- Jill Roberts Institute for IBD Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Randy Longman
- Jill Roberts Institute for IBD Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ilana Lauren Brito
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Asaf S, Maqsood F, Jalil J, Sarfraz Z, Sarfraz A, Mustafa S, Ojeda IC. Lipocalin 2-not only a biomarker: a study of current literature and systematic findings of ongoing clinical trials. Immunol Res 2022; 71:287-313. [PMID: 36529828 PMCID: PMC9760530 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, is an innate immune protein encoded by the LCN2 gene. In this study, we investigated various roles and functions of Lcn2 characterized in a systems-based format and evaluated its therapeutic potentials and clinical relevance for diagnosis and prognosis. An additional systematic presentation was presented for 70 ongoing clinical trials utilizing Lcn2 in the diagnostic and prognostic setting as a key outcome measure. With trials being conducted through December 2030, Lcn2 will become all the more relevant given its associations with diseases as a prognostic biomarker. Data also suggests that it plays a role in pathological conditions. The gaps in our understanding of Lcn2, once filled, may improve the immune mediation of acute and chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Azza Sarfraz
- The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O Box 3500, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
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75
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Matisz CE, Patel M, Hong NS, McDonald RJ, Gruber AJ. Chronic gut inflammation impairs contextual control of fear. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20586. [PMID: 36446873 PMCID: PMC9709066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are highly comorbid with anxiety in humans. The extent to which chronic inflammation is responsible for this relationship remains to be determined. We therefore tested the hypothesis that prolonged, but not brief, gut inflammation is sufficient to evoke anxiety-related behaviours in mice. We used the discriminative fear to context conditioning paradigm to assess fear generalization, which is a prominent feature of anxiety disorders. Gut inflammation was induced by exposure to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in the drinking water, a well-established rodent model of ulcerative colitis evoking prolonged inflammation. Neither acute (1 × 5 day cycle) nor chronic (3 × 5 day cycles) exposure to DSS affected fear responses when tested shortly after conditioning. Mice in all groups generated more fear responses (freezing) in a chamber previously paired with mild shock, as compared to a chamber with no pairing. This suggests DSS exposure had no effect on acquisition or expression of conditioned fear. Acute and control animals showed this same contextual control of freezing when tested 9 days later. In contrast, at this remote time point, the chronically treated animals exhibited increased freezing in the unpaired chamber such that freezing was equivalent in both contexts. These animals, however, showed intact preference for the unpaired chamber when allowed to freely move between chambers. These data suggest that some mnemonic process engaged after training, such as memory consolidation, is affected by past chronic inflammation so as to generalize negative associations and engage fearful responding in inappropriate contexts, despite intact knowledge that the chambers have different affective associations sufficient for place preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. E. Matisz
- grid.47609.3c0000 0000 9471 0214University of Lethbridge, Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, 4401 University Drive, W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - M. Patel
- grid.47609.3c0000 0000 9471 0214University of Lethbridge, Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, 4401 University Drive, W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - N. S. Hong
- grid.47609.3c0000 0000 9471 0214University of Lethbridge, Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, 4401 University Drive, W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - R. J. McDonald
- grid.47609.3c0000 0000 9471 0214University of Lethbridge, Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, 4401 University Drive, W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - A. J. Gruber
- grid.47609.3c0000 0000 9471 0214University of Lethbridge, Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, 4401 University Drive, W, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4 Canada
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Impact of Dextran-Sodium-Sulfate-Induced Enteritis on Murine Cytomegalovirus Reactivation. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122595. [PMID: 36560599 PMCID: PMC9781000 DOI: 10.3390/v14122595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation of the intestines, which participates in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) reactivation from its latent reservoir. CMV-associated colitis plays a pejorative role in the clinical course of UC. We took advantage of a model of chemically induced enteritis to study the viral reactivation of murine CMV (MCMV) in the context of gut inflammation. (2) Methods: Seven-week-old BALB/c mice were infected by 3 × 103 plaque-forming units (PFU) of MCMV; 2.5% (w/v) DSS was administered in the drinking water from day (D) 30 to D37 post-infection to induce enteritis. (3) Results: MCMV DNA levels in the circulation decreased from D21 after infection until resolution of the acute infection. DSS administration resulted in weight loss, high disease activity index, elevated Nancy index shortening of the colon length and increase in fecal lipocalin. However, chemically induced enteritis had no impact on MCMV reactivation as determined by qPCR and immunohistochemistry of intestinal tissues. (4) Conclusions: Despite the persistence of MCMV in the digestive tissues after the acute phase of infection, the gut inflammation induced by DSS did not induce MCMV reactivation in intestinal tissues, thus failing to recapitulate inflammation-driven HCMV reactivation in human UC.
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Morphological Assessment and Biomarkers of Low-Grade, Chronic Intestinal Inflammation in Production Animals. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213036. [PMID: 36359160 PMCID: PMC9654368 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Production animals are continuously exposed to environmental and dietary factors that might induce a state of low-grade, chronic intestinal inflammation. This condition compromises the productive performance and well-fare of these animals, requiring studies to understand what causes it and to develop control strategies. An intestinal inflammatory process is generally associated with alterations in the structure and functionality of its wall, resulting in the release of cellular components into the blood and/or feces. These components can act as biomarkers, i.e., they are measured to identify and quantify an inflammatory process without requiring invasive methods. In this review we discuss the mechanisms of low-grade inflammation, its effects on animal production and sustainability, and the identification of biomarkers that could provide early diagnosis of this process and support studies of useful interventional strategies. Abstract The complex interaction between the intestinal mucosa, the gut microbiota, and the diet balances the host physiological homeostasis and is fundamental for the maximal genetic potential of production animals. However, factors such as chemical and physical characteristics of the diet and/or environmental stressors can continuously affect this balance, potentially inducing a state of chronic low-grade inflammation in the gut, where inflammatory parameters are present and demanding energy, but not in enough intensity to provoke clinical manifestations. It’s vital to expand the understanding of inflammation dynamics and of how they compromise the function activity and microscopic morphology of the intestinal mucosa. These morphometric alterations are associated with the release of structural and functional cellular components into the feces and the blood stream creating measurable biomarkers to track this condition. Moreover, the identification of novel, immunometabolic biomarkers can provide dynamic and predictors of low-grade chronic inflammation, but also provide indicators of successful nutritional or feed additive intervention strategies. The objective of this paper is to review the mechanisms of low-grade inflammation, its effects on animal production and sustainability, and the biomarkers that could provide early diagnosis of this process and support studies of useful interventional strategies.
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Yadav SK, Ito N, Mindur JE, Kumar H, Youssef M, Suresh S, Kulkarni R, Rosario Y, Balashov KE, Dhib-Jalbut S, Ito K. Fecal Lcn-2 level is a sensitive biological indicator for gut dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation in multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1015372. [PMID: 36341389 PMCID: PMC9634083 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1015372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has been reported to be associated with intestinal inflammation and gut dysbiosis. To elucidate the underlying biology of MS-linked gut inflammation, we investigated gut infiltration of immune cells during the development of spontaneous experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in humanized transgenic (Tg) mice expressing HLA-DR2a and human T cell receptor (TCR) specific for myelin basic protein peptide (MBP87-99)/HLA-DR2a complexes. Strikingly, we noted the simultaneous development of EAE and colitis, suggesting a link between autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) and intestinal inflammation. Examination of the colon in these mice revealed the infiltration of MBP-specific Th17 cells as well as recruitment of neutrophils. Furthermore, we observed that fecal Lipocalin-2 (Lcn-2), a biomarker of intestinal inflammation, was significantly elevated and predominantly produced by the gut-infiltrating neutrophils. We then extended our findings to MS patients and demonstrate that their fecal Lcn-2 levels are significantly elevated compared to healthy donors (HDs). The elevation of fecal Lcn-2 levels correlated with reduced bacterial diversity and increased levels of other intestinal inflammation markers including neutrophil elastase and calprotectin. Of interest, bacteria thought to be beneficial for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as Anaerobutyricum, Blautia, and Roseburia, were reduced in fecal Lcn-2-high MS patients. We also observed a decreasing trend in serum acetate (a short-chain fatty acid) levels in MS Lcn-2-high patients compared to HDs. Furthermore, a decrease in the relative abundance of Blautia massiliensis was significantly associated with a reduction of acetate in the serum of MS patients. This study suggests that gut infiltration of Th17 cells and recruitment of neutrophils are associated with the development of gut dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation, and that fecal Lcn-2 level is a sensitive biological indicator for gut dysbiosis in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir K. Yadav
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Naoko Ito
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - John E. Mindur
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Hetal Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Mysra Youssef
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Shradha Suresh
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Ratuja Kulkarni
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Yaritza Rosario
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Konstantin E. Balashov
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Suhayl Dhib-Jalbut
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Kouichi Ito
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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Savary-Auzeloux I, Jarzaguet M, Migné C, Kemeny JL, Novais-Gameiro L, de Azevedo M, Mathé V, Mariotti F, Langella P, Chatel JM, Dardevet D. Anti-inflammatory Streptococcus thermophilus CNRZ160 limits sarcopenia induced by low-grade inflammation in older adult rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:986542. [PMID: 36245508 PMCID: PMC9559730 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.986542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aimsAging is characterized, at the systemic level, by the development of low-grade inflammation, which has been identified as determining sarcopenia by blunting postprandial muscle anabolism. The causes of this “inflammageing” is still not clearly defined. An increased intestinal permeability, a microbiota dysbiosis and subsequent generation of intestinal then generalized inflammation have been hypothesized. The objective of this study was to test in vivo during aging if (1) a chronic low-grade intestinal inflammation can lead to anabolic resistance and muscle loss and (2) if a bacterial strain presenting anti-inflammatory properties could prevent these adverse effects.MethodsYoung adult (6 m) and elderly rats (18 m) received Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) for 28 days to generate low-grade intestinal inflammation, and received (PB1 or PB2 groups) or not (DSS group) one of the two S. Thermophilus strains (5 × 109 CFU/day) previously shown to present an anti-inflammatory potential in vitro. They were compared to pair fed control (PF). Muscle and colon weights and protein synthesis (using 13C Valine) were measured at slaughter. Muscle proteolysis, gut permeability and inflammatory markers were assessed only in old animals by RT-PCR or proteins quantifications (ELISA).ResultsIn both adult and old rats, DSS reduced absolute protein synthesis (ASR) in gastrocnemius muscle [−12.4% (PB1) and −9.5% (PB2) vs. PF, P < 0.05] and increased ASR in colon (+86% and +30.5%, respectively vs. PF, P < 0.05). PB1 (CNRZ160 strain) but not PB2 resulted in a higher muscle ASR as compared to DSS in adults (+18%, P < 0.05), a trend also observed for PB1 in old animals (+12%, P = 0.10). This was associated with a blunted increase in colon ASR. In old rats, PB1 also significantly decreased expression of markers of autophagy and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways vs. DSS groups and improved gut permeability (assessed by Occludin, Zonula Occludens 1 and Claudin 1 expression, P < 0.05) and alleviated systemic inflammation (A2M: −48% vs. DSS, P < 0.05).ConclusionThe loss of muscle anabolism associated with low-grade intestinal inflammation can be prevented by supplementation with anti-inflammatory CNRZ160 strain. We propose that the moderated gut inflammation by CNRZ160 may result in curtailed amino acids (AA) utilization by the gut, and subsequent restored AA systemic availability to support muscle protein accretion. Therefore, CNRZ160 could be considered as an efficient probiotic to modulate muscle mass loss and limit sarcopenia during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux
- Unité Nutrition Humaine, UMR1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- *Correspondence: Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux
| | - Marianne Jarzaguet
- Unité Nutrition Humaine, UMR1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Carole Migné
- MetaboHUB Clermont, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Louis Kemeny
- Centre Imagerie cellulaire et Santé – CICS - Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lorraine Novais-Gameiro
- Centre Imagerie cellulaire et Santé – CICS - Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marcela de Azevedo
- Université Paris Saclay, AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, INRAE, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Véronique Mathé
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, UMR PNCA, INRAE, Paris, France
| | - François Mariotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, UMR PNCA, INRAE, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- Université Paris Saclay, AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, INRAE, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- Université Paris Saclay, AgroParisTech, UMR1319 MICALIS, INRAE, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- Unité Nutrition Humaine, UMR1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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80
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Casadó-Llombart S, Velasco-de Andrés M, Català C, Leyton-Pereira A, Gutiérrez-Cózar R, Suárez B, Armiger N, Carreras E, Esteller M, Ricart E, Ordás I, Gisbert JP, Chaparro M, Esteve M, Márquez L, Busquets D, Iglesias E, García-Planella E, Martín-Arranz MD, Lohmann J, Ayata CK, Niess JH, Engel P, Panés J, Salas A, Domènech E, Lozano F. Experimental and genetic evidence for the impact of CD5 and CD6 expression and variation in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966184. [PMID: 36211446 PMCID: PMC9532939 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) resulting from the interaction of multiple environmental, genetic and immunological factors. CD5 and CD6 are paralogs encoding lymphocyte co-receptors involved in fine-tuning intracellular signals delivered upon antigen-specific recognition, microbial pattern recognition and cell adhesion. While CD5 and CD6 expression and variation is known to influence some immune-mediated inflammatory disorders, their role in IBD remains unclear. To this end, Cd5- and Cd6-deficient mice were subjected to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, the most widely used experimental animal model of IBD. The two mouse lines showed opposite results regarding body weight loss and disease activity index (DAI) changes following DSS-induced colitis, thus supporting Cd5 and Cd6 expression involvement in the pathophysiology of this experimental IBD model. Furthermore, DNA samples from IBD patients of the ENEIDA registry were used to test association of CD5 (rs2241002 and rs2229177) and CD6 (rs17824933, rs11230563, and rs12360861) single nucleotide polymorphisms with susceptibility and clinical parameters of CD (n=1352) and UC (n=1013). Generalized linear regression analyses showed association of CD5 variation with CD ileal location (rs2241002CC) and requirement of biological therapies (rs2241002C-rs2229177T haplotype), and with poor UC prognosis (rs2241002T-rs2229177T haplotype). Regarding CD6, association was observed with CD ileal location (rs17824933G) and poor prognosis (rs12360861G), and with left-sided or extensive UC, and absence of ankylosing spondylitis in IBD (rs17824933G). The present experimental and genetic evidence support a role for CD5 and CD6 expression and variation in IBD’s clinical manifestations and therapeutic requirements, providing insight into its pathophysiology and broadening the relevance of both immunomodulatory receptors in immune-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Casadó-Llombart
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Velasco-de Andrés
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Català
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Leyton-Pereira
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Gutiérrez-Cózar
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Suárez
- Servei d’Immunologia, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Armiger
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Carreras
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Esteller
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Ricart
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingrid Ordás
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier P. Gisbert
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Chaparro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Esteve
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Lucía Márquez
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital del Mar and Institut Hospital del Mar Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Busquets
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Eva Iglesias
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - María Dolores Martín-Arranz
- Department of Gastroenterology, and Innate Immunity Group, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, La Paz Hospital, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juliane Lohmann
- Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C. Korcan Ayata
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Hendrik Niess
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, St. Clara Hospital and University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Panés
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugeni Domènech
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Immunoreceptors del Sistema Innat i Adaptatiu, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Servei d’Immunologia, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco Lozano,
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Feng J, Wang Y, Lv Y, Fang S, Ren M, Yao M, Lan M, Zhao Y, Gao F. XA pH-Responsive and Colitis-Targeted Nanoparticle Loaded with Shikonin for the Oral Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4157-4170. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juewen Feng
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yingni Lv
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Siqi Fang
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mengjiao Ren
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | | | - Minbo Lan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Research Unit of New Techniques for Live-cell Metabolic Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Shanghai Frontier Science Research Base of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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82
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Ingelshed K, Spiegelberg D, Kannan P, Påvénius L, Hacheney J, Jiang L, Eisinger S, Lianoudaki D, Lama D, Castillo F, Bosdotter C, Kretzschmar WW, Al-Radi O, Fritz N, Villablanca EJ, Karlsson MCI, Wermeling F, Nestor M, Lane DP, Sedimbi SK. The MDM2 Inhibitor Navtemadlin Arrests Mouse Melanoma Growth In Vivo and Potentiates Radiotherapy. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1075-1088. [PMID: 36922937 PMCID: PMC10010373 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is mutated in close to 50% of human tumors and is dysregulated in many others, for instance by silencing or loss of p14ARF. Under steady-state conditions, the two E3 ligases MDM2/MDM4 interact with and inhibit the transcriptional activity of p53. Inhibition of p53-MDM2/4 interaction to reactivate p53 in tumors with wild-type (WT) p53 has therefore been considered a therapeutic strategy. Moreover, studies indicate that p53 reactivation may synergize with radiation and increase tumor immunogenicity. In vivo studies of most MDM2 inhibitors have utilized immunodeficient xenograft mouse models, preventing detailed studies of action of these molecules on the immune response. The mouse melanoma cell line B16-F10 carries functional, WT p53 but does not express the MDM2 regulator p19ARF. In this study, we tested a p53-MDM2 protein-protein interaction inhibitor, the small molecule Navtemadlin, which is currently being tested in phase II clinical trials. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics and imaging flow cytometry, we identified specific protein expression patterns following Navtemadlin treatment of B16-F10 melanoma cells compared with their p53 CRISPR-inactivated control cells. In vitro, Navtemadlin induced a significant, p53-dependent, growth arrest but little apoptosis in B16-F10 cells. When combined with radiotherapy, Navtemadlin showed synergistic effects and increased apoptosis. In vivo, Navtemadlin treatment significantly reduced the growth of B16-F10 melanoma cells implanted in C57Bl/6 mice. Our data highlight the utility of a syngeneic B16-F10 p53+/+ mouse melanoma model for assessing existing and novel p53-MDM2/MDM4 inhibitors and in identifying new combination therapies that can efficiently eliminate tumors in vivo. Significance The MDM2 inhibitor Navtemadlin arrests mouse tumor growth and potentiates radiotherapy. Our results support a threshold model for apoptosis induction that requires a high, prolonged p53 signaling for cancer cells to become apoptotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Ingelshed
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Spiegelberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pavitra Kannan
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linnéa Påvénius
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Hacheney
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Long Jiang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silke Eisinger
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danai Lianoudaki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dilraj Lama
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisca Castillo
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Bosdotter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Omayma Al-Radi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Fritz
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eduardo J. Villablanca
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael C. I. Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marika Nestor
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David P. Lane
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding Authors: Saikiran K. Sedimbi and David P. Lane, Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Nobels Väg 16, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden. Phone: +46 852 448 6452; E-mail: ; Phone: +46 852 448 6452; E-mail:
| | - Saikiran K. Sedimbi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding Authors: Saikiran K. Sedimbi and David P. Lane, Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Nobels Väg 16, Stockholm, SE-17177, Sweden. Phone: +46 852 448 6452; E-mail: ; Phone: +46 852 448 6452; E-mail:
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83
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Effects of Five Filamentous Fungi Used in Food Processes on In Vitro and In Vivo Gut Inflammation. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090893. [PMID: 36135618 PMCID: PMC9504484 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Food processes use different microorganisms, from bacteria to fungi. Yeast strains have been extensively studied, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, to date, very little is known about the potential beneficial effects of molds on gut health as part of gut microbiota. We undertook a comprehensive characterization of five mold strains, Penicillium camemberti, P. nalgiovense, P. roqueforti, Fusarium domesticum, and Geotrichum candidum used in food processes, on their ability to trigger or protect intestinal inflammation using in vitro human cell models and in vivo susceptibility to sodium dextran sulfate-induced colitis. Comparison of spore adhesion to epithelial cells showed a very wide disparity in results, with F. domesticum and P. roqueforti being the two extremes, with almost no adhesion and 20% adhesion, respectively. Interaction with human immune cells showed mild pro-inflammatory properties of all Penicillium strains and no effect of the others. However, the potential anti-inflammatory abilities detected for G. candidum in vitro were not confirmed in vivo after oral gavage to mice before and during induced colitis. According to the different series of experiments carried out in this study, the impact of the spores of these molds used in food production is limited, with no specific beneficial or harmful effect on the gut.
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84
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Hasan MM, Gazi MA, Das S, Fahim SM, Hossaini F, Khan AR, Ferdous J, Alam MA, Mahfuz M, Ahmed T. Gut biomolecules (I-FABP, TFF3 and lipocalin-2) are associated with linear growth and biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in Bangladeshi children. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13905. [PMID: 35974137 PMCID: PMC9381788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current world, a major challenge to diagnose environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is the lack of validated non-invasive biomarkers. Intestine derived molecules, including intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), trefoil factor-3 (TFF3), lactoferrin, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), and mucin-2, have been reported as indicators of intestinal inflammation and gut health. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the levels of these bio-molecules as biomarkers of EED among under-2 children in Bangladesh. A total of 140 children were recruited in a case–control design. All the biomarkers were measured by ELISA. Spearman’s rank correlation was performed to see the correlation between the biomarkers and the EED score. Moreover, multivariable linear regression was performed to investigate the association of biomarkers with length-for-age z-score (LAZ). TFF3 correlates positively with myeloperoxidase (r = 0.26, p < 0.05) and EED score (r = 0.17, p < 0.05). Likewise, LCN2 correlates positively with myeloperoxidase (r = 0.37, p < 0.05), neopterin (r = 0.33, p < 0.05) and EED score (r = 0.31, p < 0.05). Moreover, multivariable linear regression revealed a negative association of I-FABP with LAZ of the study participants. Our results imply that TFF3 and LCN2 might be promising biomarkers to diagnose intestinal inflammation and EED, while I-FABP is negatively associated with linear growth of Bangladeshi children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mehedi Hasan
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Amran Gazi
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - Subhasish Das
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Mohammad Fahim
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Hossaini
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Ar-Rafi Khan
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Jafrin Ferdous
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafa Mahfuz
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.,James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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85
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Papoutsis D, Rocha SDC, Herfindal AM, Kjølsrud Bøhn S, Carlsen H. Intestinal effect of faba bean fractions in WD-fed mice treated with low dose of DSS. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272288. [PMID: 35939489 PMCID: PMC9359607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent studies have shown that legumes can reduce chemical induced colonic inflammation, but the role of faba bean fractions for colon health has not been described. We have investigated the role of protein and fiber fractions of faba beans for colonic health and microbiota composition in a low-grade inflammation mice-model when incorporated in a Western diet (WD). The diet of sixty C57BL/6JRj male mice was standardized to a WD (41% fat, 43% carbohydrates) before were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 12) receiving either 1) WD with 30% of the protein replaced with faba-bean proteins, 2) WD with 7% of the fiber replaced with faba-bean fibers, 3) WD with protein and fiber fractions or 4) plain WD (n = 24). Low-grade inflammation was induced by 1% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) given to mice for the last six days of the trial. Half (n = 12) in group 4) were given only water (controls). Prior to DSS, body weight, energy intake, glucose and insulin tolerance assays were performed. Inflammatory status in the colon was assessed by biomarkers of inflammation and qRT-PCR analyses of inflammatory related genes. Fecal microbiota composition was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. 1% DSS treatment increased levels in fecal lipocalin-2 and induced disease activity index score, but the presence of faba bean fractions in WD did not influence these indicators nor the expression level of inflammatory associated genes. However, the mice that had faba-bean proteins had a lower amount of Proteobacteria compared the group on plain WD. The Actinobacteria abundance was also lower in the group that had fiber fraction from faba-beans. Overall, outcomes indicated that in a low-grade inflammation model, replacement of protein and or fiber in a WD with faba bean fractions had marginal effects on inflammatory parameters and colonic microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Papoutsis
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Sérgio Domingos Cardoso Rocha
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Anne Mari Herfindal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Siv Kjølsrud Bøhn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Harald Carlsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- * E-mail:
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86
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Bousbaine D, Fisch LI, London M, Bhagchandani P, Rezende de Castro TB, Mimee M, Olesen S, Reis BS, VanInsberghe D, Bortolatto J, Poyet M, Cheloha RW, Sidney J, Ling J, Gupta A, Lu TK, Sette A, Alm EJ, Moon JJ, Victora GD, Mucida D, Ploegh HL, Bilate AM. A conserved Bacteroidetes antigen induces anti-inflammatory intestinal T lymphocytes. Science 2022; 377:660-666. [PMID: 35926021 PMCID: PMC9766740 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg5645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome contributes to the development and maturation of the immune system. In response to commensal bacteria, intestinal CD4+ T lymphocytes differentiate into functional subtypes with regulatory or effector functions. The development of small intestine intraepithelial lymphocytes that coexpress CD4 and CD8αα homodimers (CD4IELs) depends on the microbiota. However, the identity of the microbial antigens recognized by CD4+ T cells that can differentiate into CD4IELs remains unknown. We identified β-hexosaminidase, a conserved enzyme across commensals of the Bacteroidetes phylum, as a driver of CD4IEL differentiation. In a mouse model of colitis, β-hexosaminidase-specific lymphocytes protected against intestinal inflammation. Thus, T cells of a single specificity can recognize a variety of abundant commensals and elicit a regulatory immune response at the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djenet Bousbaine
- Microbiology Graduate Program, Massachussetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laura I Fisch
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariya London
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Preksha Bhagchandani
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tiago B Rezende de Castro
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Mimee
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott Olesen
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bernardo S Reis
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David VanInsberghe
- Microbiology Graduate Program, Massachussetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Juliana Bortolatto
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathilde Poyet
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ross W Cheloha
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Sidney
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jingjing Ling
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Gupta
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Synthetic Biology Center, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Alm
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James J Moon
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel D Victora
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Mucida
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York NY, USA
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Angelina M Bilate
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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87
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Herfindal AM, Rocha SDC, Papoutsis D, Bøhn SK, Carlsen H. The ROS-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase 1 modulates the colonic microbiota but offers minor protection against dextran sulfate sodium-induced low-grade colon inflammation in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:298-311. [PMID: 35752373 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) is a major producer of superoxide which together with other reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are implicated in maintaining a healthy epithelial barrier in the gut. While previous studies have indicated NOX1's involvement in microbial modulation in the small intestine, less is known about the effects of NOX1-dependent ROS/RNS formation in the colon. We investigated the role of NOX1 in the colon of NOX1 knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice, under mild and subclinical low-grade colon inflammation induced by 1% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Ex vivo imaging of ROS/RNS in the colon revealed that absence of NOX1 strongly decreased ROS/RNS production, particularly during DSS treatment. Furthermore, while absence of NOX1 did not affect disease activity, some markers of inflammation (mRNA: Tnfa, Il6, Ptgs2; protein: lipocalin 2) in the colonic mucosa tended to be higher in NOX1 KO than in WT mice following DSS treatment. Lack of NOX1 also extensively modulated the bacterial community in the colon (16S rRNA gene sequencing), where NOX1 KO mice were characterized mainly by lower α-diversity (richness and evenness), higher abundance of Firmicutes, Akkermansia, and Oscillibacter, and lower abundance of Bacteroidetes and Alistipes. Together, our data suggest that NOX1 is pivotal for colonic ROS/RNS production in mice both during steady-state (i.e., no DSS treatment) and during 1% DSS-induced low-grade inflammation and for modulation of the colonic microbiota, with potential beneficial consequences for intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mari Herfindal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Sérgio Domingos Cardoso Rocha
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway; Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Dimitrios Papoutsis
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Siv Kjølsrud Bøhn
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Harald Carlsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway.
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88
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Seki N, Kimizuka T, Gondo M, Yamaguchi G, Sugiura Y, Akiyama M, Yakabe K, Uchiyama J, Higashi S, Haneda T, Suematsu M, Hase K, Kim YG. D-tryptophan suppresses enteric pathogens and pathobionts and prevents colitis by modulating microbial tryptophan metabolism. iScience 2022; 25:104838. [PMID: 35996581 PMCID: PMC9391578 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
D-Amino acids (D-AAs) have various functions in mammals and microbes. D-AAs are produced by gut microbiota and can act as potent bactericidal molecules. Thus, D-AAs regulate the ecological niche of the intestine; however, the actual impacts of D-AAs in the gut remain unknown. In this study, we show that D-Tryptophan (D-Trp) inhibits the growth of enteric pathogen and colitogenic pathobionts. The growth of Citrobacter rodentium in vitro is strongly inhibited by D-Trp treatment. Moreover, D-Trp protects mice from lethal C. rodentium infection via reduction of the pathogen. Additionally, D-Trp prevents the development of experimental colitis by the depletion of specific microbes in the intestine. D-Trp increases the intracellular level of indole acrylic acid (IA), a key molecule that determines the susceptibility of enteric microbes to D-Trp. Treatment with IA improves the survival of mice infected with C. rodentium. Hence, D-Trp could act as a gut environmental modulator that regulates intestinal homeostasis. D-Trp inhibits the growth of Citrobacter rodentium in vitro and in vivo D-Trp suppresses experimental colitis by the depletion of specific gut microbes IA is the metabolite that determines the susceptibility of enteric microbes to D-Trp
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Seki
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kimizuka
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Monica Gondo
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Genki Yamaguchi
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akiyama
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yakabe
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Jun Uchiyama
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Higashi
- Co-Creation Center, Meiji Holdings Co., Ltd., 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
| | - Takeshi Haneda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yun-Gi Kim
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
- Corresponding author
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89
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Li T, Tian D, Lu M, Wang B, Li J, Xu B, Chen H, Wu S. Gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by polychlorinated biphenyl 126 contributes to increased brain proinflammatory cytokines: Landscapes from the gut-brain axis and fecal microbiota transplantation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113726. [PMID: 35691195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of brain inflammation induced by polychlorinated biphenyl 126 (PCB126) has not yet been fully illustrated. Growing evidence highlights the relevance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Therefore, we aimed to study the role of the gut microbiota in PCB126-induced proinflammatory cytokine increases in the mouse brain. The results showed that PCB126 exposure significantly disordered gut bacterial communities, resulting in the enrichment of gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria), further leading to elevated levels of the gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Subsequently, colonic toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) was activated by bacterial LPS, which promoted proinflammatory cytokine generation and inhibited tight junction (TJ) protein expression. Then, bacterial LPS translocated from the gut lumen into the blood circulation and reached the brain, triggering LPS/TLR-4-mediated increases in brain proinflammatory cytokines. Further analysis after fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) suggested that the gut microbiota disturbance caused by PCB126 could induce elevated bacterial LPS and trigger TLR-4-mediated increases in proinflammatory cytokines in the brain. This study highlights the possibility that PCB126-induced gut microbiota disorder contributes to increased brain proinflammatory cytokines. These results provide a new perspective for identifying the toxicity mechanisms of PCB126 and open up the possibility of modulating the gut microbiota as a therapeutic target for CNS disease caused by environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Li
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dongcan Tian
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mengtian Lu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bijiao Wang
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jun Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Baohua Xu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shijin Wu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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90
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Singh G, Haileselassie Y, Ji AR, Maecker HT, Sinha SR, Brim H, Habtezion A, Ashktorab H. Protective Effect of Saffron in Mouse Colitis Models Through Immune Modulation. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:2922-2935. [PMID: 34275090 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including ulcerative colitis are at risk for colorectal cancer. Despite available effective drugs used to treat IBD, many patients fail or lose response over time with some displaying drug-induced adverse events. Saffron (Crocus sativus) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. Its protective role in IBD has not been explored extensively. AIM To establish whether saffron treatment alleviates inflammation in experimental colitis. METHODS Colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice with 3% DSS and treated with either saffron doses (7.5, 15, 20, 25 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle through daily gavage. On day 11, mice were euthanized and analyzed for gross and microscopic inflammation. Distal colon segments were collected for mRNA and protein expression of HO-1 protein and GPX2, (the downstream targets of NRF-2). Nrf-2 translocation from cytosol to nucleus was confirmed by immunofluorescence, and further Nrf-2 protein expression in nuclear and cytosolic fraction of colon was analyzed by immunoblot. Immune cells were isolated from the lamina propria of mouse colon for flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping. Colitis was also induced in C57BL/6 Ahr knockout and wild type mice to explore the involvement of Ahr-dependent pathways in saffron's protective effect(s). The therapeutic effect of saffron was further validated in another TNBS model of colitis. RESULTS Saffron 20 mg/kg body weight showed improved colon gross and histology features and led to better body weight, colon length, histology score, and reduced disease activity index (DAI). Saffron significantly decreased pro-inflammatory macrophages (M1), while increasing anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) and IL10 + dendritic cells. Saffron treatment also enhanced CD3 + T and CD3 + CD8 + T cells followed by increase in different CD3 + CD4 + T cells subsets like CD25 + T cells, FoxP3 + CD25 + regulatory T cells, and CD4 + FOXP3 + CD25-regulatory T cells. Immunoblot analysis showed a significant increase in HO-1/GPX2 protein expression. With saffron treatment, Nrf-2 translocation into nucleus from cytosol also supports the involvement of Nrf-2 and its downstream targets in the protective effect of saffron. Further, we demonstrated that saffron in part exert anti-inflammatory effect through activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent pathways. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate saffron's therapeutic potential and its protective role in part via Ahr/Nrf-2 pathways and regulatory innate and adaptive immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Singh
- Gastroenterology Division and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yeneneh Haileselassie
- Gastroenterology Division and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Allison Ruoheng Ji
- Gastroenterology Division and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Holden Terry Maecker
- Microbiology & Immunology, Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sidhartha R Sinha
- Gastroenterology Division and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hassan Brim
- Department of Pathology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aida Habtezion
- Gastroenterology Division and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
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91
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Barreto HC, Abreu B, Gordo I. Fluctuating selection on bacterial iron regulation in the mammalian gut. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3261-3275.e4. [PMID: 35793678 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron is critical in host-microbe interactions, and its availability is tightly regulated in the mammalian gut. Antibiotics and inflammation can perturb iron availability in the gut, which could alter host-microbe interactions. Here, we show that an adaptive allele of iscR, a major regulator of iron homeostasis of Escherichia coli, is under fluctuating selection in the mouse gut. In vivo competitions in immune-competent, immune-compromised, and germ-free mice reveal that the selective pressure on an iscR mutant E. coli is modulated by the presence of antibiotics, the microbiota, and the immune system. In vitro assays show that iron availability is an important mediator of the iscR allele fitness benefits or costs. We identify Lipocalin-2, a host's immune protein that prevents bacterial iron acquisition, as a major host mechanism underlying fluctuating selection of iscR. Our results provide a remarkable example of strong fluctuating selection acting on bacterial iron regulation in the mammalian gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo C Barreto
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Beatriz Abreu
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gordo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.
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92
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Xue J, Dominguez Rieg JA, Thomas L, White JR, Rieg T. Intestine-Specific NHE3 Deletion in Adulthood Causes Microbial Dysbiosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:896309. [PMID: 35719363 PMCID: PMC9204535 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.896309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the intestine, the Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) plays a critical role for Na+ and fluid absorption. NHE3 deficiency predisposes patients to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In mice, selective deletion of intestinal NHE3 causes various local and systemic pathologies due to dramatic changes in the intestinal environment, which can influence microbiota colonization. By using metagenome shotgun sequencing, we determined the effect of inducible intestinal epithelial cell-specific deletion of NHE3 (NHE3IEC-KO) in adulthood on the gut microbiome in mice. Compared with control mice, NHE3IEC-KO mice show a significantly different gut microbiome signature, with an unexpected greater diversity. At the phylum level, NHE3IEC-KO mice showed a significant expansion in Proteobacteria and a tendency for lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, an indicator of dysbiosis. At the family level, NHE3IEC-KO mice showed significant expansions in Bacteroidaceae, Rikenellaceae, Tannerellaceae, Flavobacteriaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae, but had contractions in Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae and Eubacteriaceae. At the species level, after removing those with lowest occurrence and abundance, we identified 23 species that were significantly expanded (several of which are established pro-inflammatory pathobionts); whereas another 23 species were found to be contracted (some of which are potential anti-inflammatory probiotics) in NHE3IEC-KO mice. These results reveal that intestinal NHE3 deletion creates an intestinal environment favoring the competitive advantage of inflammophilic over anti-inflammatory species, which is commonly featured in conventional NHE3 knockout mice and patients with IBD. In conclusion, our study emphasizes the importance of intestinal NHE3 for gut microbiota homeostasis, and provides a deeper understanding regarding interactions between NHE3, dysbiosis, and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Xue
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jessica A Dominguez Rieg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Linto Thomas
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - James R White
- Resphera Biosciences LLC, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Timo Rieg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States.,Center for Hypertension and Kidney Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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93
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Beneficial Effects of Linseed Supplementation on Gut Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in a Physically Active Mouse Model of Crohn's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115891. [PMID: 35682570 PMCID: PMC9180845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Western diet, rich in lipids and in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), favors gut dysbiosis observed in Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of rebalancing the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in CEABAC10 transgenic mice that mimic CD. Mice in individual cages with running wheels were randomized in three diet groups for 12 weeks: high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + linseed oil (HFD-LS-O) and HFD + extruded linseed (HFD-LS-E). Then, they were orally challenged once with the Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) LF82 pathobiont. After 12 weeks of diet, total energy intake, body composition, and intestinal permeability were not different between groups. After the AIEC-induced intestinal inflammation, fecal lipocalin-2 concentration was lower at day 6 in n-3 PUFAs supplementation groups (HFD-LS-O and HFD-LS-E) compared to HFD. Analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota showed that the abundance of Prevotella, Paraprevotella, Ruminococcus, and Clostridiales was higher in the HFD-LS-E group. Butyrate levels were higher in the HFD-LS-E group and correlated with the Firmicutes/Proteobacteria ratio. This study demonstrates that extruded linseed supplementation had a beneficial health effect in a physically active mouse model of CD susceptibility. Additional studies are required to better decipher the matrix influence in the linseed supplementation effect.
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94
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Robinson AM, Stavely R, Miller S, Eri R, Nurgali K. Mesenchymal stem cell treatment for enteric neuropathy in the Winnie mouse model of spontaneous chronic colitis. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:41-70. [PMID: 35536444 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03633-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gut inflammation with periods of acute flares and remission. Beneficial effects of a single dose of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based treatment have been demonstrated in acute models of colitis. No studies investigated therapeutic effects of MSCs for the attenuation of enteric neuropathy in a chronic model of colitis. The short and long-term effects of MSC treatment in modulating inflammation and damage to the enteric nervous system (ENS) were studied in the Winnie mouse model of spontaneous chronic colitis highly representative of human IBD. Winnie mice received a single dose of either 1 × 106 human bone marrow-derived MSCs or 100µL PBS by intracolonic enema. C57BL/6 mice received 100µL PBS. Colon tissues were collected at 3 and 60 days post MSC administration to evaluate the short-term and long-term effects of MSCs on inflammation and enteric neuropathy by histological and immunohistochemical analyses. In a separate set of experiments, multiple treatments with 4 × 106 and 2 × 106 MSCs were performed and tissue collected at 3 days post treatment. Chronic intestinal inflammation in Winnie mice was associated with persistent diarrhea, perianal bleeding, morphological changes, and immune cell infiltration in the colon. Significant changes to the ENS, including impairment of cholinergic, noradrenergic and sensory innervation, and myenteric neuronal loss were prominent in Winnie mice. Treatment with a single dose of bone marrow-derived MSCs was ineffective in attenuating chronic inflammation and enteric neuropathy in Winnie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainsley M Robinson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University; Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhian Stavely
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University; Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sarah Miller
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University; Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- University of Tasmania, School of Health Sciences, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University; Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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95
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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signals in epithelial cells govern the recruitment and location of Helios + Tregs in the gut. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110773. [PMID: 35545035 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for homeostasis in the colon, but the mechanism by which local environmental cues determine the localization of colonic Tregs is unclear. Here, we administer indigo naturalis (IN), a nontoxic phytochemical aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist used for treating patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in Asia, and we show that IN increases Helios+ Tregs and MHC class II+ epithelial cells (ECs) in the colon. Interactions between Tregs and MHC class II+ ECs occur mainly near the crypt bottom in the steady state, whereas Tregs dramatically increase and shift toward the crypt top following IN treatment. Moreover, the number of CD25+ T cells is increased near the surface of ECs in IN-treated UC patients compared with that in patients treated with other therapies. We also highlight additional AhR-signaling mechanisms in intestinal ECs that determine the accumulation and localization of Helios+ Tregs in the colon.
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96
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Vicentini FA, Szamosi JC, Rossi L, Griffin L, Nieves K, Bihan D, Lewis IA, Pittman QJ, Swain MG, Surette MG, Hirota SA, Sharkey KA. Colitis-associated microbiota drives changes in behaviour in male mice in the absence of inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 102:266-278. [PMID: 35259427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. IBD are associated with a high prevalence of cognitive, behavioural and emotional comorbidities, including anxiety and depression. The link between IBD and the development of behavioural comorbidities is poorly understood. As the intestinal microbiota profoundly influences host behaviour, we sought to determine whether the altered gut microbiota associated with intestinal inflammation contributes to the development of behavioural abnormalities. Using the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) model of colitis, we characterized intestinal inflammation, behaviour (elevated plus maze and tail suspension test) and the composition of the microbiota in male mice. Cecal contents from colitic mice were transferred into germ-free (GF) or antibiotic (Abx)-treated mice, and behaviour was characterized in recipient mice. Gene expression was measured using qPCR. DSS colitis was characterized by a significant reduction in body weight and an increase in colonic inflammatory markers. These changes were accompanied by increased anxiety-like behaviour, an altered gut microbiota composition, and increased central Tnf expression. Transfer of the cecal matter from colitic mice induced similar behavioural changes in both GF and Abx-treated recipient mice, with no signs of colonic or neuroinflammation. Upon characterization of the microbiota in donor and recipient mice, specific taxa were found to be associated with behavioural changes, notably members of the Lachnospiraceae family. Behavioural abnormalities associated with intestinal inflammation are transmissible via transfer of cecal matter, suggesting that alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota play a key role in driving behavioural changes in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A Vicentini
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jake C Szamosi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Rossi
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lateece Griffin
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kristoff Nieves
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dominique Bihan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ian A Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Quentin J Pittman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mark G Swain
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael G Surette
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Simon A Hirota
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Inflammation Research Network, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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97
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Lipocalin 2 potentially contributes to tumorigenesis from colitis via IL-6/STAT3/NF-kB signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231201. [PMID: 35470375 PMCID: PMC9109459 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a member of the lipocalin superfamily, plays an important role in oncogenesis and progression in various types of cancer. However, the role of LCN2 in inflammation-associated cancer remains unknown. Here, we explored the functional role and mechanisms of LCN2 in tumorigenesis using murine colitis-associated cancer (CAC) models and human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Using murine CAC models, we found that LCN2 was preferentially expressed in colonic tissues from CAC models compared to tissues from normal mice. In vitro results demonstrated that the levels of LCN2 mRNA and protein were markedly up-regulated by Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in human CRC cells. Interestingly, we found LCN2 up-regulation by IL-6 is diminished by NF-kB and STAT3 inhibition using specific inhibitors and siRNA. Reporter assay results determined that IL-6 induces LCN2 gene promoter activity under control of NF-kB/STAT3 activation. IL-6-induced LCN2 regulated cell survival and susceptibility of developmental factors to the NF-kB/STAT3 pathway. Taken together, our results highlight the unknown role of LCN2 in CAC progression and suggest that increased LCN2 may serve as an indicator of CRC development in the setting of chronic inflammation.
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98
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Sobota M, Rodilla Ramirez PN, Cambré A, Rocker A, Mortier J, Gervais T, Haas T, Cornillet D, Chauvin D, Hug I, Julou T, Aertsen A, Diard M. The expression of virulence genes increases membrane permeability and sensitivity to envelope stress in Salmonella Typhimurium. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001608. [PMID: 35389980 PMCID: PMC9017878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Virulence gene expression can represent a substantial fitness cost to pathogenic bacteria. In the model entero-pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium (S.Tm), such cost favors emergence of attenuated variants during infections that harbor mutations in transcriptional activators of virulence genes (e.g., hilD and hilC). Therefore, understanding the cost of virulence and how it relates to virulence regulation could allow the identification and modulation of ecological factors to drive the evolution of S.Tm toward attenuation. In this study, investigations of membrane status and stress resistance demonstrate that the wild-type (WT) expression level of virulence factors embedded in the envelope increases membrane permeability and sensitizes S.Tm to membrane stress. This is independent from a previously described growth defect associated with virulence gene expression in S.Tm. Pretreating the bacteria with sublethal stress inhibited virulence expression and increased stress resistance. This trade-off between virulence and stress resistance could explain the repression of virulence expression in response to harsh environments in S.Tm. Moreover, we show that virulence-associated stress sensitivity is a burden during infection in mice, contributing to the inherent instability of S.Tm virulence. As most bacterial pathogens critically rely on deploying virulence factors in their membrane, our findings could have a broad impact toward the development of antivirulence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander Cambré
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Julien Mortier
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Théo Gervais
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Dany Chauvin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Hug
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Julou
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Abram Aertsen
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail: (AA); (MD)
| | - Médéric Diard
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (AA); (MD)
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99
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Aljahdali N. The contribution of gastrointestinal microbiota in the existence of Type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia: Current information and perspectives. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103286. [PMID: 35602871 PMCID: PMC9120060 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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100
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Wang Y, Yang Z, Zhou Y, Tan J, Sun H, Sun D, Mu Y, Peng J, Wei H. Effects of different amino acid levels and a carvacrol-thymol blend on growth performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:22. [PMID: 35256011 PMCID: PMC8903733 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past years, antibiotic growth promoter had been restricted in animal husbandry production in many countries because of antimicrobial resistance and foodborne antibiotic residues. However, the problems of poor intestinal health and low growth efficiency of piglets have not been solved completely in an antibiotic-free diet, and it is urgent to explore alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters. Methods Here, a total of 532 weaned pigs were assigned to one of 4 treatments, the low amino acid (AA) level diet (d 1 to d 14 is 1.35%, d 15 to d 42 is 1.25%) (Low AA), the low AA level diet supplementation with a carvacrol–thymol blend (50 mg carvacrol and 50 mg thymol/kg of diet) (CB) (Low AA+CB), the high AA level diet (d 1 to d 14 is 1.50%, d 15 to d 42 is 1.40%) (High AA), and the high AA level diet supplementation with a CB (High AA+CB), respectively. Then we measured growth performance and intestinal health indicators of weaned pigs. Results Results showed that high AA level significantly reduced plasma urea nitrogen, plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fecal lipocalin-2 contents (P < 0.05), significantly increased the relative abundance of fecal Lactobacillus and Enterococcus, and had a trend to increase the fecal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and mucin 2 (MUC 2) contents (P < 0.05) in piglets, thereby alleviating the diarrhea of piglets and reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of piglets during d 1~14 after weaning. Dietary supplementation with CB significantly increased the activity of plasma antioxidant enzymes T-SOD and GSH-px (P < 0.05), while significantly reduced plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma interleukin-1β (IL-1β), plasma endotoxin and D-lactic acid contents (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, CB significantly decreased fecal lipocalin-2 contents and the abundance of fecal Escherichia coli (P < 0.05). Thus, we hypothesis that dietary supplementation with CB significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) of piglets (P < 0.05) during d 1~14 after weaning through promoting intestinal health. Conclusion These results suggest that high AA level and dietary supplementation with CB improved the growth performance of weaned pigs in an antibiotic-free diet by improving AA metabolism and intestinal antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhipeng Yang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuanfei Zhou
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiajian Tan
- Guangxi Yangxiang Co., Ltd, Guigang, 537000, China
| | - Haiqing Sun
- Guangxi Yangxiang Co., Ltd, Guigang, 537000, China
| | - Defa Sun
- Novus International Trading (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yuyun Mu
- Novus International Trading (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongkui Wei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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