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Xu F, Liao JZ, Xiang GY, Zhao PX, Ye F, Zhao Q, He XX. MiR-101 and doxorubicin codelivered by liposomes suppressing malignant properties of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2017; 6:651-661. [PMID: 28135055 PMCID: PMC5345655 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-101, an important tumor-suppressive microRNA (miRNA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has been affirmed significantly downregulated in HCC and participated in promoting apoptosis, decreasing proliferation and invasiveness of HCC cells, as well as increasing sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drug. However, miR-101-based combination therapies with doxorubicin (DOX) are not reported yet. Recently, nanomaterials-based approaches, especially liposome formulations, have been approved for clinical use and seem to provide a great opportunity to codeliver therapeutic agents for cancer therapy. In this study, we have successfully prepared liposome (L) nanoparticles to efficiently deliver miR-101 and DOX to HCC cells simultaneously. The effects of codelivery system miR-101/doxorubicin liposome (miR-101/DOX-L) on tumor malignant phenotypes of HCC cells were evaluated through analyzing cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, cell invasion, cell apoptosis assay, and the expression of related genes. In subcutaneous xenografts developed by HCC cells, the inhibition of tumor growth was analyzed through gross morphology, growth curve, proliferation marker Ki-67, apoptosis signals, and the expression of related genes. These experiments demonstrated that miR-101/DOX-L inhibited tumor properties of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo through targeting correlative genes by combinatory role of miR-101 and DOX. In conclusion, our results indicated that liposome nanoparticle is a reliable delivery strategy to codeliver miR-101 and DOX simultaneously, and miR-101- and DOX-based combination therapy can result in significant synergetic antitumor effects in vivo and vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Zhi Liao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Ya Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng-Xuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Xing He
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Guerriero E, Sorice A, Capone F, Storti G, Colonna G, Ciliberto G, Costantini S. Combining doxorubicin with a phenolic extract from flaxseed oil: Evaluation of the effect on two breast cancer cell lines. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:468-476. [PMID: 28101573 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed forms of cancer and different treatments are used to block its progression. However, it still represents a very common cause of death in women. Doxorubicin (Dox) is reported as an effective agent in breast cancer treatment nonetheless it induces many side‑effects. For this reason, many laboratories are engaged in understanding how it is possible to decrease the drug concentration, considering that one of the possible solutions is to use drug synergy, combining it with natural substances. Recently we showed that a phenolic extract from flaxseed (FS) oil, named PEFSO, induced on MCF‑7 cell line an increase of apoptosis with related modification of G0/G1 phase cell cycle, and the activation of signaling and pro‑oxidant pathways. In this study we present data on the combined effect of Dox and PEFSO on two different breast cancer cell lines to define the conditions to use lower doses of this chemotherapeutic agent. We report the data relating to the ability of this mixture to induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis, cell cycle modification, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and activation of extrinsic and/or intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Guerriero
- CROM, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' ‑ IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Sorice
- CROM, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' ‑ IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Capone
- CROM, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' ‑ IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Colonna
- Medical Informatics Service, University Hospital, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' ‑ IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Susan Costantini
- CROM, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale' ‑ IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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Castro-Carvalho B, Ramos AA, Prata-Sena M, Malhão F, Moreira M, Gargiulo D, Dethoup T, Buttachon S, Kijjoa A, Rocha E. Marine-derived Fungi Extracts Enhance the Cytotoxic Activity of Doxorubicin in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Cells A459. Pharmacognosy Res 2017; 9:S92-S98. [PMID: 29333049 PMCID: PMC5757334 DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_57_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Drug resistance is a major concern in the current chemotherapeutic approaches and the combination with natural compounds may enhance the cytotoxic effects of the anticancer drugs. Therefore, this study evaluated the cytotoxicity of crude ethyl extracts of six marine-derived fungi – Neosartorya tsunodae KUFC 9213 (E1), Neosartorya laciniosa KUFC 7896 (E2), Neosartorya fischeri KUFC 6344 (E3), Aspergillus similanensis KUFA 0013 (E4), Neosartorya paulistensis KUFC 7894 (E5), and Talaromyces trachyspermum KUFC 0021 (E6) – when combined with doxorubicin (Dox), in seven human cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: The antiproliferative activity was primarily assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results: Two extracts, E1 and E2, demonstrated a significant enhancement of Dox’s cytotoxicity in nonsmall cell lung cancer A549 cells. Accumulation of Dox in the nuclei increased when A549 cells were treated in combination with extracts E1 and E2, with induction of cell death observed by the nuclear condensation assay. The combination of E2 with Dox increased the DNA damage as detected by the comet assay. Ultrastructural observations by transmission electron microscopy suggest an autophagic cell death due to an increase of autophagic vesicles, namely with the combination of Dox with E1 and E2. Conclusion: These findings led to the conclusion that the fungal extracts E1 and E2 potentiate the anticancer action of Dox, through nuclear accumulation of Dox with induction of cell death mainly by cytotoxic autophagy. SUMMARY Fungal extracts increase the cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin (Dox) in lung cancer cells Nuclear accumulation of Dox, DNA damage, and cell death as a mechanism of action Fungal extracts may potentiate the anticancer activity of conventional drugs.
Abbreviations Used: A375: Human malignant melanoma cell line, A549: Human non small lung cancer cell line, DAPI: 4,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole, DMEM: Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium, DMSO: Dimethylsulfoxide, Dox: Doxorubicin, DSBs: DNA double-strand breaks, E1: Neosartorya tsunodae KUFC 9213, E2: Neosartorya laciniosa KUFC 7896, E3: Neosartorya fischeri KUFC 6344, E4: Aspergillus similanensis KUFA 0013, E5: Neosartorya paulistensis KUFC 7894, E6: Talaromyces trachyspermum KUFC 0021, FBS: Fetal bovine serum, HCT116: Human colorectal carcinoma cell line, HEPES: (N-[2-hydroxyethyl] piperazine-N’- [2-ethane-sulfonic acid]), HepG2: Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HT29: Human Caucasian colon adenocarcinoma Grade II cell line, IC50: Concentration of the extract or Dox that inhibits cell viability by 50%, LRP: Lung resistance-related protein, MCF7: Human breast adenocarcinoma cell line, MEM: Minimum Essential Medium Eagle, MRPs: Multidrug resistance-associated proteins, MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline, NSCLC: Nonsmall cell lung cancer, P-gp: P-glycoprotein, ROS: Reactive oxygen species, RPMI: Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium, TEM: Transmission electron microscopy, U251: Human glioblastoma astrocytoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Castro-Carvalho
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.,Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alice A Ramos
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.,Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Prata-Sena
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.,Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Malhão
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.,Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia Moreira
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Daniela Gargiulo
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.,University Center of Belo Horizonte, University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tida Dethoup
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suradet Buttachon
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.,Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Salgueiro ACF, Folmer V, da Rosa HS, Costa MT, Boligon AA, Paula FR, Roos DH, Puntel GO. In vitro and in silico antioxidant and toxicological activities of Achyrocline satureioides. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:6-14. [PMID: 27575777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Achyrocline satureioides ("macela or marcela") is a medicinal plant, traditionally collected in "Good Friday" before sunrise. In traditional medicine, dried flowers of A. satureioides are used as anti-dyspeptic, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the phytochemical profile and to present an in vitro and in silico approach about toxicity and antioxidant potential of A. satureioides flowers extract and its major phytoconstituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant were collected according to the popular tradition. Extract were obtained by infusion and analyzed from high-performance liquid chromatography. Toxicity was evaluated in Artemia salina and human lymphocytes. Extract antioxidant activity was determined with total antioxidant capacity, DPPH• and ABTS+• scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power, deoxyribose degradation assay, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA-RS) assay. TBA-RS inhibitions were evaluated in brain of rats for A. satureioides extract and its major phytoconstituents. Predictions of activity spectra for substances and in silico toxicity evaluation from major phytoconstituents were performed via computer simulation. RESULTS Chromatographic data indicated isoquercitrin, quercetin and caffeic acid as main compounds in flowers extract. Toxicity tests demonstrated a very low toxic potential of A. satureioides. Extract exhibited antioxidant activities in low concentrations. Both extract and major phytochemicals standards showed protection against lipid peroxidation in brain of rats. Computer simulations pointed some biological activities in agreement with traditional use, as well as some experimental results found in this work. Moreover, in silico toxic predictions showed that the A. satureioides major compounds had low probability for toxic risk. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that A. satureioides infusion possesses low toxicological potential and an effective antioxidant activity. These findings confirm the traditional use of this plant in the folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia C F Salgueiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Vanderlei Folmer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Hemerson S da Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Márcio T Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline A Boligon
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fávero R Paula
- Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel H Roos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gustavo O Puntel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Kee JY, Han YH, Kim DS, Mun JG, Park J, Jeong MY, Um JY, Hong SH. Inhibitory effect of quercetin on colorectal lung metastasis through inducing apoptosis, and suppression of metastatic ability. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1680-1690. [PMID: 27823633 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin is a major dietary flavonoid found in a various fruits, vegetables, and grains. Although the inhibitory effects of quercetin have previously been observed in several types of cancer cells, the anti-metastatic effect of quercetin on colorectal metastasis has not been determined. PURPOSE This study investigated whether quercetin exhibits inhibitory effect on colorectal lung metastasis. STUDY DESIGN The effects of quercetin on cell viability, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lung metastasis were investigated. METHODS We investigated the effect of quercetin on metastatic colon cancer cells using WST assay, Annexin V assay, real-time RT-PCR, western blot analysis and gelatin zymography. The anti-metastatic effect of quercetin in vivo was confirmed in a colorectal lung metastasis model. RESULTS Quercetin inhibited the cell viability of colon 26 (CT26) and colon 38 (MC38) cells and induced apoptosis through the MAPKs pathway in CT26 cells. Expression of EMT markers, such as E-, N-cadherin, β-catenin, and snail, were regulated by non-toxic concentrations of quercetin. Moreover, the migration and invasion abilities of CT26 cells were inhibited by quercetin through expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) regulation. Quercetin markedly decreased lung metastasis of CT26 cells in an experimental in vivo metastasis model. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study demonstrates for the first time that quercetin can inhibit the survival and metastatic ability of CT26 cells, and it can subsequently suppress colorectal lung metastasis in the mouse model. These results indicate that quercetin may be a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ye Kee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo-Han Han
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seung Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Geon Mun
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Jeong
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea.
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Elshazly SM, Mahmoud AA, Barakat W. Pentoxifylline abrogates cardiotoxicity induced by the administration of a single high dose or multiple low doses of doxorubicin in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:1170-1177. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) possesses a broad-spectrum antineoplastic activity; however, its clinical application is impeded by cardiotoxicity. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of pentoxifylline (PXF), which possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against cardiotoxicity induced by a single high dose (15 mg/kg, i.p.) or multiple low doses (2.5 mg/kg, i.p., three times per week for 2 weeks) of DOX. At the end of the experimental period, the serum creatine kinase (CK)-MB and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were measured. The hearts were then removed for evaluating TNF-α, NO, malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and the expression of iNOS, NF-κB, Fas ligand (FasL), and caspase-3. The administration of DOX in both dose regimens caused increases in serum CK-MB and LDH activities, in cardiac TNF-α, NO and MDA levels, as well as in the cardiac expression of iNOS, NF-κB, FasL and caspase-3, whereas it significantly reduced the cardiac GSH level, as well as SOD and CAT activities (P < 0.05). Prophylactic treatment of rats with PXF diminished DOX-induced alterations in theses parameters. Our results warrant the clinical use of PXF as an adjuvant therapy to abrogate cardiotoxicity of DOX and extend its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa M. Elshazly
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Amr A.A. Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Waleed Barakat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabuk University, Tabuk 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Elsherbiny NM, Younis NN, Shaheen MA, Elseweidy MM. The synergistic effect between vanillin and doxorubicin in ehrlich ascites carcinoma solid tumor and MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:767-77. [PMID: 27493101 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Srivastava S, Somasagara RR, Hegde M, Nishana M, Tadi SK, Srivastava M, Choudhary B, Raghavan SC. Quercetin, a Natural Flavonoid Interacts with DNA, Arrests Cell Cycle and Causes Tumor Regression by Activating Mitochondrial Pathway of Apoptosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24049. [PMID: 27068577 PMCID: PMC4828642 DOI: 10.1038/srep24049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring compounds are considered as attractive candidates for cancer treatment and prevention. Quercetin and ellagic acid are naturally occurring flavonoids abundantly seen in several fruits and vegetables. In the present study, we evaluate and compare antitumor efficacies of quercetin and ellagic acid in animal models and cancer cell lines in a comprehensive manner. We found that quercetin induced cytotoxicity in leukemic cells in a dose-dependent manner, while ellagic acid showed only limited toxicity. Besides leukemic cells, quercetin also induced cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells, however, its effect on normal cells was limited or none. Further, quercetin caused S phase arrest during cell cycle progression in tested cancer cells. Quercetin induced tumor regression in mice at a concentration 3-fold lower than ellagic acid. Importantly, administration of quercetin lead to ~5 fold increase in the life span in tumor bearing mice compared to that of untreated controls. Further, we found that quercetin interacts with DNA directly, and could be one of the mechanisms for inducing apoptosis in both, cancer cell lines and tumor tissues by activating the intrinsic pathway. Thus, our data suggests that quercetin can be further explored for its potential to be used in cancer therapeutics and combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | | | - Mahesh Hegde
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | | | - Satish Kumar Tadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | - Mrinal Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronics City, Bangalore 560 100, India
| | - Sathees C Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
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Philchenkov AA, Zavelevych MP. RHAMNAZIN INHIBITS PROLIFERATION AND INDUCES APOPTOSIS OF HUMAN JURKAT LEUKEMIA CELLS IN VITRO. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2016; 87:122-8. [PMID: 27025066 DOI: 10.15407/ubj87.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiproliferative and apoptogenic effects of rhamnazin, a dimethoxylated derivative of quercetin, were studied in human acute lymphoblastic leukemia Jurkat cells. The cytotoxicity and apoptogenic activity of rhamnazin in vitro are inferior to that of quercetin. The apoptogenic activity of rhamnazin is realized via mitochondrial pathway and associated with activation of caspase-9 and -3. The additive apoptogenic effect of rhamnazin and suboptimal doses of etoposide, a DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor, is demonstrated. Therefore, methylation of quercetin modifies its biological effects considerably.
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Brito AF, Ribeiro M, Abrantes AM, Mamede AC, Laranjo M, Casalta-Lopes JE, Gonçalves AC, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Tralhão JG, Botelho MF. New Approach for Treatment of Primary Liver Tumors: The Role of Quercetin. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:250-66. [PMID: 26943884 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1145245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor (PLT), with cholangiocarcinoma (CC) being the second most frequent. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1) expression is increased in PLTs and therefore it is suggested as a therapeutic target. Flavonoids, like quercetin, are GLUT-1 competitive inhibitors and may be considered as potential therapeutic agents for PLTs. The objective of this study was evaluation of quercetin anticancer activity in three human HCC cell lines (HepG2, HuH7, and Hep3B2.1-7) and in a human CC cell line (TFK-1). The possible synergistic effect between quercetin and sorafenib, a nonspecific multikinase inhibitor used in clinical practice in patients with advanced HCC, was also evaluated. It was found that in all the cell lines, quercetin induced inhibition of the metabolic activity and cell death by apoptosis, followed by increase in BAX/BCL-2 ratio. Treatment with quercetin caused DNA damage in HepG2, Hep3B2.1-7, and TFK-1 cell lines. The effect of quercetin appears to be independent of P53. Incubation with quercetin induced an increase in GLUT-1 membrane expression and a consequent reduction in the cytoplasmic fraction, observed as a decrease in (18)F-FDG uptake, indicating a GLUT-1 competitive inhibition. The occurrence of synergy when sorafenib and quercetin were added simultaneously to HCC cell lines was noticed. Thus, the use of quercetin seems to be a promising approach for PLTs through GLUT-1 competitive inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Brito
- a Biophysics and Biomathematics Institute, IBILI-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,b Center of Investigation on Environmental, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Marina Ribeiro
- a Biophysics and Biomathematics Institute, IBILI-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,c Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Abrantes
- a Biophysics and Biomathematics Institute, IBILI-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,b Center of Investigation on Environmental, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,d CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Mamede
- a Biophysics and Biomathematics Institute, IBILI-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,b Center of Investigation on Environmental, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,d CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,e CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , Covilhã , Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- a Biophysics and Biomathematics Institute, IBILI-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,b Center of Investigation on Environmental, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,d CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - João Eduardo Casalta-Lopes
- a Biophysics and Biomathematics Institute, IBILI-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,b Center of Investigation on Environmental, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- b Center of Investigation on Environmental, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,d CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,f Applied Molecular Biology and Hematology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- b Center of Investigation on Environmental, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,d CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,f Applied Molecular Biology and Hematology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - José Guilherme Tralhão
- a Biophysics and Biomathematics Institute, IBILI-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,b Center of Investigation on Environmental, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,g Surgical Department , Surgery A, CHUC , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- a Biophysics and Biomathematics Institute, IBILI-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,b Center of Investigation on Environmental, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal.,d CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
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Novel Investigations of Flavonoids as Chemopreventive Agents for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:840542. [PMID: 26858957 PMCID: PMC4695650 DOI: 10.1155/2015/840542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We would like to highlight the application of natural products to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We will focus on the natural products known as flavonoids, which target this disease at different stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. In spite of the use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in treating HCC, patients with HCC still face poor prognosis because of the nature of multidrug resistance and toxicity derived from chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Flavonoids can be found in many vegetables, fruits, and herbal medicines that exert their different anticancer effects via different intracellular signaling pathways and serve as antioxidants. In this review, we will discuss seven common flavonoids that exert different biological effects against HCC via different pathways.
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Mahbub AA, Le Maitre CL, Haywood-Small SL, Cross NA, Jordan-Mahy N. Polyphenols act synergistically with doxorubicin and etoposide in leukaemia cell lines. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1:15043. [PMID: 27551472 PMCID: PMC4979421 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the effects of polyphenols when used in combination with doxorubicin and etoposide, and to determine whether polyphenols sensitised leukaemia cells, causing inhibition of cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. This study is based on findings in solid cancer tumours, which have shown that polyphenols can sensitize cells to chemotherapy, and induce apoptosis and/or cell-cycle arrest. This could enable a reduction of chemotherapy dose and off-target effects, whilst maintaining treatment efficacy. Quercetin, apigenin, emodin, rhein and cis-stilbene were investigated alone and in combination with etoposide and doxorubicin in two lymphoid and two myeloid leukaemia cells lines. Measurements were made of ATP levels (using CellTiter-Glo assay) as an indication of total cell number, cell cycle progression (using propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry) and apoptosis (NucView caspase 3 assay and Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide staining). Effects of combination treatments on caspases 3, 8 and 9 activity were determined using Glo luminescent assays, glutathione levels were measured using the GSH-Glo Glutathione Assay and DNA damage determined by anti-γH2AX staining. Doxorubicin and etoposide in combination with polyphenols synergistically reduced ATP levels, induced apoptosis and increased S and/or G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in lymphoid leukaemia cell lines. However, in the myeloid cell lines the effects of the combination treatments varied; doxorubicin had a synergistic or additive effect when combined with quercetin, apigenin, emodin, and cis-stilbene, but had an antagonistic effect when combined with rhein. Combination treatment caused a synergistic downregulation of glutathione levels and increased DNA damage, driving apoptosis via caspase 8 and 9 activation. However, in myeloid cells where antagonistic effects were observed, this was associated with increased glutathione levels and a reduction in DNA damage and apoptosis. This study has demonstrated that doxorubicin and etoposide activity were enhanced by polyphenols in lymphoid leukaemia cells, however, differential responses were seen in myeloid cells with antagonistic responses seen in some combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mahbub
- Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University , Floor 7, The Owen Building, Howard Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
| | - C L Le Maitre
- Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University , Floor 7, The Owen Building, Howard Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
| | - S L Haywood-Small
- Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University , Floor 7, The Owen Building, Howard Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
| | - N A Cross
- Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University , Floor 7, The Owen Building, Howard Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
| | - N Jordan-Mahy
- Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University , Floor 7, The Owen Building, Howard Street, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S1 1WB, UK
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Ranganathan S, Halagowder D, Sivasithambaram ND. Quercetin Suppresses Twist to Induce Apoptosis in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141370. [PMID: 26491966 PMCID: PMC4619597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a dietary flavonoid which exerts anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferative effect of quercetin in two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), which differed in hormone receptor. IC50 value (37μM) of quercetin showed significant cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells, which was not observed in MDA-MB-231 cells even at 100μM of quercetin treatment. To study the response of cancer cells to quercetin, with respect to different hormone receptors, both the cell lines were treated with a fixed concentration (40μM) of quercetin. MCF-7 cells on quercetin treatment showed more apoptotic cells with G1 phase arrest. In addition, quercetin effectively suppressed the expression of CyclinD1, p21, Twist and phospho p38MAPK, which was not observed in MDA-MB-231 cells. To analyse the molecular mechanism of quercetin in exerting an apoptotic effect in MCF-7 cells, Twist was over-expressed and the molecular changes were observed after quercetin administration. Quercetin effectively regulated the expression of Twist, in turn p16 and p21 which induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, quercetin induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells through suppression of Twist via p38MAPK pathway.
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Mohammad N, Singh SV, Malvi P, Chaube B, Athavale D, Vanuopadath M, Nair SS, Nair B, Bhat MK. Strategy to enhance efficacy of doxorubicin in solid tumor cells by methyl-β-cyclodextrin: Involvement of p53 and Fas receptor ligand complex. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11853. [PMID: 26149967 PMCID: PMC4493576 DOI: 10.1038/srep11853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the preferred drugs for treating breast and liver cancers. However, its clinical application is limited due to severe side effects and the accompanying drug resistance. In this context, we investigated the effect on therapeutic efficacy of DOX by cholesterol depleting agent methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD), and explored the involvement of p53. MCD sensitizes MCF-7 and Hepa1–6 cells to DOX, Combination of MCD and marginal dose of DOX reduces the cell viability, and promoted apoptosis through induction of pro-apoptotic protein, Bax, activation of caspase-8 and caspase-7, down regulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and finally promoting PARP cleavage. Mechanistically, sensitization to DOX by MCD was due to the induction of FasR/FasL pathway through p53 activation. Furthermore, inhibition of p53 by pharmacological inhibitor pifithrin-α (PFT-α) or its specific siRNA attenuated p53 function and down-regulated FasR/FasL, thereby preventing cell death. Animal experiments were performed using C57BL/6J mouse isografted with Hepa1–6 cells. Tumor growth was retarded and survival increased in mice administered MCD together with DOX to as compared to either agent alone. Collectively, these results suggest that MCD enhances the sensitivity to DOX for which wild type p53 is an important determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshad Mohammad
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune- 411007, India
| | - Shivendra Vikram Singh
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune- 411007, India
| | - Parmanand Malvi
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune- 411007, India
| | - Balkrishna Chaube
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune- 411007, India
| | - Dipti Athavale
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune- 411007, India
| | | | | | - Bipin Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kollam-690525, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Bhat
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune- 411007, India
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Blaylock RL. Cancer microenvironment, inflammation and cancer stem cells: A hypothesis for a paradigm change and new targets in cancer control. Surg Neurol Int 2015; 6:92. [PMID: 26097771 PMCID: PMC4455122 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.157890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since President Nixon officially declared a war on cancer with the National Cancer Act, billions of dollars have been spent on research in hopes of finding a cure for cancer. Recent reviews have pointed out that over the ensuing 42 years, cancer death rates have barely changed for the major cancers. Recently, several researchers have questioned the prevailing cancer paradigm based on recent discoveries concerning the mechanism of carcinogenesis and the origins of cancer. Over the past decade we have learned a great deal concerning both of these central issues. Cell signaling has taken center stage, particularly as regards the links between chronic inflammation and cancer development. It is now evident that the common factor among a great number of carcinogenic agents is activation of genes controlling inflammation cell-signaling pathways and that these signals control all aspects of the cancer process. Of these pathways, the most important and common to all cancers is the NFκB and STAT3 pathways. The second discovery of critical importance is that mutated stem cells appear to be in charge of the cancer process. Most chemotherapy agents and radiotherapy kill daughter cells of the cancer stem cell, many of which are not tumorigenic themselves. Most cancer stem cells are completely resistant to conventional treatments, which explain dormancy and the poor cure rate with metastatic tumors. A growing number of studies are finding that several polyphenol extracts can kill cancer stem cells as well as daughter cells and can enhance the effectiveness and safety of conventional treatments. These new discoveries provide the clinician with a whole new set of targets for cancer control and cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell L. Blaylock
- Theoretical Neuroscience Research, LLC, Assistant Editor-in-Chief, Surgical Neurology International, 315 Rolling Meadows Rd, Ridgeland, MS 39157, USA
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Srinivasan A, Thangavel C, Liu Y, Shoyele S, Den RB, Selvakumar P, Lakshmikuttyamma A. Quercetin regulates β-catenin signaling and reduces the migration of triple negative breast cancer. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:743-56. [PMID: 25968914 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a lack in estrogen, progesterone, and epidermal growth factor 2 receptors. TNBC exhibits most of the characteristics of basal-like and claudin-low breast cancer subtypes. The main contributor in the mortality of TNBC is due to the higher invasive and migratory ability of these tumor cells. Some plant flavonoids inhibit the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells and suppress cancer metastasis. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the flavonoid quercetin is effective in modulating the molecular signaling associated with EMT in TNBC. Our data indicated that quercetin can induce the expression of E-cadherin and also downregulate vimentin levels in TNBC. The ability of quercetin to modulate these EMT markers resulted in a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). Quercetin-induced MET was linked with the alteration of nuclear localization of β-catenin and modulation of β-catenin target genes such as cyclin D1 and c-Myc. Furthermore, we observed that quercetin induced the anti-tumor activity of doxorubicin by inhibiting the migratory ability of TNBC cells. These results suggested that quercetin may inhibit TNBC metastasis and also improve the therapeutic efficacy of existing chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Srinivasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chellappagounder Thangavel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sunday Shoyele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert B Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ponniah Selvakumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ashakumary Lakshmikuttyamma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Orihuela-Campos RC, Tamaki N, Mukai R, Fukui M, Miki K, Terao J, Ito HO. Biological impacts of resveratrol, quercetin, and N-acetylcysteine on oxidative stress in human gingival fibroblasts. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015; 56:220-7. [PMID: 26060353 PMCID: PMC4454086 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.14-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In periodontitis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by neutrophils induces oxidative stress and deteriorates surrounding tissues. Antioxidants reduce damage caused by ROS and are used to treat diseases involving oxidative stress. This study summarizes the different effects of resveratrol, quercetin, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) under oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. Real-time cytotoxicity analyses reveals that resveratrol and quercetin enhanced cell proliferation even under oxidative stress. Of the antioxidants tested, resveratrol is the most effective at inhibiting ROS production. HGFs incubated with resveratrol and quercetin up-regulate the transcription of type I collagen gene after 3 h, but only resveratrol sustained this up-regulation for 24 h. A measurement of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR, mitochondrial respiration) shows that resveratrol generates the highest maximal respiratory capacity, followed by quercetin and NAC. Simultaneous measurement of OCR and the extracellular acidification rate (non-mitochondrial respiration) reveals that resveratrol and quercetin induce an increase in mitochondrial respiration when compared with untreated cells. NAC treatment consumes less oxygen and enhances more non-mitochondrial respiration. In conclusion, resveratrol is the most effective antioxidant in terms of real-time cytotoxicity analysis, reduction of ROS production, and enhancement of type I collagen synthesis and mitochondrial respiration in HGFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cristina Orihuela-Campos
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Naofumi Tamaki
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Rie Mukai
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Makoto Fukui
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Kaname Miki
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Junji Terao
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiro-O Ito
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
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Amirchaghmaghi M, Delavarian Z, Iranshahi M, Shakeri MT, Mosannen Mozafari P, Mohammadpour AH, Farazi F, Iranshahy M. A Randomized Placebo-controlled Double Blind Clinical Trial of Quercetin for Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2015; 9:23-8. [PMID: 25973150 PMCID: PMC4417489 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2015.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims. Standard treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP) includes topical or systemic corticosteroids that have many adverse effects. A trend toward alternative natural or herbal drugs has attended recently. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of quercetin in treatment of erosive-atrophic OLP. Materials and methods. Thirty patients participated in this randomized clinical trial from April 2010 to June 2010 (Trial Registration Number: NCT01375101). Patients were randomly allocated in two groups. Both groups received the standard treatment (dexamethasone mouthwash and nystatin suspension). Experimental group received oral 250 mg quercetin hydrate capsules (bid) and the control group received placebo capsules. The pain and severity of the lesions were recorded at the initial visit and the follow-ups. All recorded data were analyzed with chi-square, Mann-Whitney, t-test, Wilcoxon and Friedman tests using SPSS 11.5. Results. There were no significant differences between the two groups in severity of the lesions and pain in the follow-ups.According to the Friedman test, there was a significant reduction in pain (P = 0.01) and severity indices (P = 0.00) in the case group. These differences were not observed in the control group(P = 0.26,SI; and P = 0.86, PI). No adverse effect of quercetin was reported. Conclusion. According to the results, no significant therapeutic effect can be considered for quercetin in treatment of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Amirchaghmaghi
- Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center & Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Delavarian
- Associate Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center & Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Associate Professor of Pharmacognosy, Biotechnology Research Center & School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Shakeri
- Professor of Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pegah Mosannen Mozafari
- Assistant Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center & Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hushang Mohammadpour
- Associate Professor of Pharmacodynamy & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farazi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Milad Iranshahy
- PhD Student, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Czepas J, Gwoździński K. The flavonoid quercetin: possible solution for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and multidrug resistance. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:1149-59. [PMID: 25458790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracycline chemotherapy is often used in the treatment of various malignancies. Its application, however, encounters several limitations due to development of serious side effects, mainly cardiotoxicity and may be ineffective due to multidrug resistance (MDR). Many different compounds have been evaluated as poorly effective in the protection against anthracycline side effects and in the prevention from MDR. Thus, continuous investigational efforts are necessary to find valuable protectants and the flavonoid quercetin (Q) seems to be a promising candidate. It is present in relatively high amounts in a human diet and the lack of its toxicity, including genotoxicity has been confirmed. The structure of Q favours its high antioxidant activity, the potential to inhibit the activity of oxidative enzymes and to interact with membrane transporter proteins responsible for development of MDR, e.g. P-glycoprotein. Furthermore, Q can influence cellular signalling and gene expression, and thus, alter response to exogenous genotoxicants and oxidative stress in normal cells. It accounts for its chemopreventive and anticancer properties. Overall, these properties might indicate the possibility of application of Q as cardioprotectant during anthracycline chemotherapy. Moreover, numerous biological properties displayed by Q might possibly result in the reversal of MDR in tumour cells and improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. However, these beneficial effects towards anthracycline-induced complications of chemotherapy have to be further explored and confirmed both in animal and clinical studies. Concurrently, investigations aimed at improvement of the bioavailability of Q and further elucidation of its metabolism after application in combination with anthracyclines are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Czepas
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Gwoździński
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Dong Q, Chen L, Lu Q, Sharma S, Li L, Morimoto S, Wang G. Quercetin attenuates doxorubicin cardiotoxicity by modulating Bmi-1 expression. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:4440-54. [PMID: 24902966 PMCID: PMC4209150 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Doxorubicin-based chemotherapy induces cardiotoxicity, which limits its clinical application. We previously reported the protective effects of quercetin against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity. In this study, we tested the effects of quercetin on the expression of Bmi-1, a protein regulating mitochondrial function and ROS generation, as a mechanism underlying quercetin-mediated protection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of quercetin on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity was evaluated using H9c2 cardiomyocytes and C57BL/6 mice. Changes in apoptosis, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and related signalling were evaluated in H9c2 cells. Cardiac function, serum enzyme activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured in mice after a single injection of doxorubicin with or without quercetin pre-treatment. KEY RESULTS In H9c2 cells, quercetin reduced doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS generation and DNA double-strand breaks. The quercetin-mediated protection against doxorubicin toxicity was characterized by decreased expression of Bid, p53 and oxidase (p47 and Nox1) and by increased expression of Bcl-2 and Bmi-1. Bmi-1 siRNA abolished the protective effect of quercetin against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in H9c2 cells. Furthermore, quercetin protected mice from doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction that was accompanied by reduced ROS levels and lipid peroxidation, but enhanced the expression of Bmi-1 and anti-oxidative superoxide dismutase. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results demonstrate that quercetin decreased doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in vitro and in vivo by reducing oxidative stress by up-regulation of Bmi-1 expression. The findings presented in this study have potential applications in preventing doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Dong
- Central Lab of Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Long Chen
- Central Lab of Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qunwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sherven Sharma
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and the Veterans AffairsLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuoka, Japan
| | - Sachio Morimoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuoka, Japan
| | - Guanyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Alishahi A, Roshan VD, Hedayyati M. Pretreatment effects of regular aerobic training on the IGF system and hepatotoxicity induced by doxorubicin in rats. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:7427-31. [PMID: 24460314 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.12.7427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the pretreatment effects of regular aerobic training on the IGF system (IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and IGF/IGFBP) and doxorubicin(DOX) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight male rats were divided into groups:(1) control+placebo (2)control+DOX10 mg.kg-1 (3)control+DOX20 mg.kg-1 (4) training+placebo (5) training+DOX10 mg.kg-1 (6) training+DOX20 mg.kg-1. Hepatotoxicity was induced by DOX with dosages of 10 and 20 mg.kg-1. The rats in groups 4, 5 and 6 performed treadmill running of 25-54 min/day and 15-20 m/min, 5 days/wk for 6 wks. At the end of the aerobic training protocol, rats in the 1 and 4 groups, in the 2 and 5 groups and in the 3 and 6 groups received saline solution, DOX10 mg.kg-1 and DOX20 mg.kg-1, respectively. RESULTS Administration of DOX20 mg.kg-1 caused a significant increase in IGF-1 and IGF-1/IGFBP-3, an insignificant decrease in IGFBP-3, as compared to the control+placebo group. However, after six weeks of aerobic training and DOX treatment with 10mg.kg-1 and or/ 20mg.kg-1 an insignificant decrease in IGF-1, an insignificant increase in IGFBP-3 and a significant decrease in IGF-1/IGFBP-3 were detected, in comparison to C+DOX10 and C+DOX20. CONCLUSIONS Hepatotoxicity of doxorubicin is dose-dependent and pretreatment with regular aerobic training may improve DOX-induced hepatotoxicity by up-regulation of IGFBP3.
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72
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Schwingel TE, Klein CP, Nicoletti NF, Dora CL, Hadrich G, Bica CG, Lopes TG, da Silva VD, Morrone FB. Effects of the compounds resveratrol, rutin, quercetin, and quercetin nanoemulsion on oxaliplatin-induced hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 387:837-48. [PMID: 24908156 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-0994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (OXA) is a platinum compound widely used in the treatment of some solid tumors, especially colorectal cancer. Despite its usefulness, oxaliplatin-associated neurotoxicity represents the main dose-limiting factor of this drug, and until now, there is no suitable treatment. Chemotherapy with oxaliplatin also increases the rate of developing hepatic damages with inflammatory activity, termed chemotherapy-associated steatohepatitis (CASH). In the present study, we aimed to compare the effects of a series of antioxidant compounds on simultaneous development of oxaliplatin-induced hepato- and neurotoxicity in mice. Mice BALB/c were treated with oxaliplatin for 6 weeks, 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, resulting in mechanical allodynia and hepatic steatosis. We administered the following antioxidant compounds--rutin (RT) (20 mg/kg), resveratrol (RVS) (100 mg/kg), quercetin (QT) (20 mg/kg), and quercetin nanoemulsion (NQT) (20 mg/kg)--daily by gavage to BALB/c, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was used as positive control. Treatments with RSV, RUT, or NQT were able to prevent mechanical allodynia when compared to the OXA group, and this effect was associated with decreased c-Fos immunopositivity in the lumbar spinal cord. Regarding the effects on steatohepatitis, RVS, QT, and NQT almost completely reversed the mean liver weight increase induced by OXA. In accordance with these previous data, histological evaluation indicated attenuation of all features of hepatic steatosis evaluated in RSV, RUT, QT, and NQT groups. These compounds were able to reduce the immunopositivity for the apoptosis marker caspase-3. On the other hand, only QT and NQT treatments were able to reduce neutrophil migration measured by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. These results suggest that the compounds tested, RSV, RUT, QT, and NQT, would be useful for the clinical treatment of neuro- and hepatoxicity induced by oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania E Schwingel
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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73
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Hardman WE. Diet components can suppress inflammation and reduce cancer risk. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:233-40. [PMID: 24944766 PMCID: PMC4058555 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.3.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiology studies indicate that diet or specific dietary components can reduce the risk for cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. An underlying cause of these diseases is chronic inflammation. Dietary components that are beneficial against disease seem to have multiple mechanisms of action and many also have a common mechanism of reducing inflammation, often via the NFκB pathway. Thus, a plant based diet can contain many components that reduce inflammation and can reduce the risk for developing all three of these chronic diseases. We summarize dietary components that have been shown to reduce cancer risk and two studies that show that dietary walnut can reduce cancer growth and development. Part of the mechanism for the anticancer benefit of walnut was by suppressing the activation of NFκB. In this brief review, we focus on reduction of cancer risk by dietary components and the relationship to suppression of inflammation. However, it should be remembered that most dietary components have multiple beneficial mechanisms of action that can be additive and that suppression of chronic inflammation should reduce the risk for all three chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Elaine Hardman
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Dr., Huntington, West Virginia 25701-3655, USA
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74
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Baran I, Ionescu D, Filippi A, Mocanu MM, Iftime A, Babes R, Tofolean IT, Irimia R, Goicea A, Popescu V, Dimancea A, Neagu A, Ganea C. Novel insights into the antiproliferative effects and synergism of quercetin and menadione in human leukemia Jurkat T cells. Leuk Res 2014; 38:836-49. [PMID: 24862793 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The flavonoid quercetin and menadione (vitamin K3) are known as potent apoptogens in human leukemia Jurkat T cells. We explored some underlying mechanisms and the potential relevance of the combination quercetin-menadione for clinical applications. In acute treatments, quercetin manifested a strong antioxidant character, but induced a transient loss of Δψm, likely mediated by opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. After removal of quercetin, persistent mitochondrial hyperpolarization was generated via stimulation of respiratory Complex I. In contrast, menadione-induced Δψm dissipation was only partially and transiently reversed after menadione removal. Results indicate that Ca(2+) release is a necessary event in quercetin-induced cell death and that the survival response to quercetin is delineated within 1h from exposure. Depending on dose, the two agents exhibited either antagonistic or synergistic effects in reducing clonogenicity of Jurkat cells. 24-h combinatorial regimens at equimolar concentrations of 10-15 μM, which are compatible with a clinically achievable (and safe) scheme, reduced cell viability at efficient rates. Altogether, these findings support the idea that the combination quercetin-menadione could improve the outcome of conventional leukemia therapies, and warrant the utility of additional studies to investigate the therapeutic effects of this combination in different cellular or animal models for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Baran
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Diana Ionescu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Filippi
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Magdalena Mocanu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Iftime
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ramona Babes
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Teodora Tofolean
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ruxandra Irimia
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Goicea
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentin Popescu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Dimancea
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Neagu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constanta Ganea
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Biophysics, 8 Eroii Sanitari, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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75
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Niero EL, Rocha-Sales B, Lauand C, Cortez BA, de Souza MM, Rezende-Teixeira P, Urabayashi MS, Martens AA, Neves JH, Machado-Santelli GM. The multiple facets of drug resistance: one history, different approaches. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:37. [PMID: 24775603 PMCID: PMC4041145 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-33-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Some cancers like melanoma and pancreatic and ovarian cancers, for example, commonly display resistance to chemotherapy, and this is the major obstacle to a better prognosis of patients. Frequently, literature presents studies in monolayer cell cultures, 3D cell cultures or in vivo studies, but rarely the same work compares results of drug resistance in different models. Several of these works are presented in this review and show that usually cells in 3D culture are more resistant to drugs than monolayer cultured cells due to different mechanisms. Searching for new strategies to sensitize different tumors to chemotherapy, many methods have been studied to understand the mechanisms whereby cancer cells acquire drug resistance. These methods have been strongly advanced along the years and therapies using different drugs have been increasingly proposed to induce cell death in resistant cells of different cancers. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been extensively studied because they would be the only cells capable of sustaining tumorigenesis. It is believed that the resistance of CSCs to currently used chemotherapeutics is a major contributing factor in cancer recurrence and later metastasis development. This review aims to appraise the experimental progress in the study of acquired drug resistance of cancer cells in different models as well as to understand the role of CSCs as the major contributing factor in cancer recurrence and metastasis development, describing how CSCs can be identified and isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Luís Niero
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av, Prof, Lineu Prestes, 1524, Cidade Universitária, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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76
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Sung MT, Chen YC, Chi CW. Quercetin’s Potential to Prevent and Inhibit Oxidative Stress-Induced Liver Cancer. Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405205-5.00022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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77
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Abstract
Food-derived flavonoid quercetin, widely distributed in onions, apples, and tea, is able to inhibit growth of various cancer cells indicating that this compound can be considered as a good candidate for anticancer therapy. Although the exact mechanism of this action is not thoroughly understood, behaving as antioxidant and/or prooxidant as well as modulating different intracellular signalling cascades may all play a certain role. Such inhibitory activity of quercetin has been shown to depend first of all on cell lines and cancer types; however, no comprehensive site-specific analysis of this effect has been published. In this review article, cytotoxicity constants of quercetin measured in various human malignant cell lines of different origin were compiled from literature and a clear cancer selective action was demonstrated. The most sensitive malignant sites for quercetin revealed to be cancers of blood, brain, lung, uterine, and salivary gland as well as melanoma whereas cytotoxic activity was higher in more aggressive cells compared to the slowly growing cells showing that the most harmful cells for the organism are probably targeted. More research is needed to overcome the issues of poor water solubility and relatively low bioavailability of quercetin as the major obstacles limiting its clinical use.
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78
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YU MEILING, TONG XUHUI, QI BENQUAN, QU HONGDANG, DONG SHUYING, YU BINBIN, ZHANG NAIJU, TANG NAN, WANG LINGZHI, ZHANG CUILING. Berberine enhances chemosensitivity to irinotecan in colon cancer via inhibition of NF-κB. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:249-54. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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79
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Hu Y, Wang S, Wu X, Zhang J, Chen R, Chen M, Wang Y. Chinese herbal medicine-derived compounds for cancer therapy: a focus on hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:601-12. [PMID: 23916858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as the major histological subtype of primary liver cancer remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Due to the complicated molecular pathogenesis of HCC, the option for effective systemic treatment is quite limited. There exists a critical need to explore and evaluate possible alternative strategies for effective control of HCC. With a long history of clinical use, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is emerging as a noticeable choice for its multi-level, multi-target and coordinated intervention effects against HCC. With the aids of phytochemistry and molecular biological approaches, in the past decades many CHM-derived compounds have been carefully studied through both preclinical and clinical researches and have shown great potential in novel anti-HCC natural product development. The present review aimed at providing the most recent developments on anti-HCC compounds derived from CHM, especially their underlying pharmacological mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search of anti-HCC compounds from CHM was carried out focusing on literatures published both in English (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Medline) and in Chinese academic databases (Wanfang and CNKI database). RESULTS In this review, we tried to give a timely and comprehensive update about the anti-HCC effects and targets of several representative CHM-derived compounds, namely curcumin, resveratrol, silibinin, berberine, quercetin, tanshinone II-A and celastrol. Their mechanisms of anti-HCC behaviors, potential side effects or toxicity and future research directions were discussed. CONCLUSION Herbal compounds derived from CHM are of much significance in devising new drugs and providing unique ideas for the war against HCC. We propose that these breakthrough findings may have important implications for targeted-HCC therapy and modernization of CHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
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80
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Matouk AI, Taye A, Heeba GH, El-Moselhy MA. Quercetin augments the protective effect of losartan against chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:443-450. [PMID: 23770454 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine whether the co-administration of quercetin (QRN) and losartan (LOS) can produce additional protective effects against chronic DOX cardiotoxicity. Cardiotoxicity in rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin (DOX) in a cumulative dose of 15mg/kg for two weeks. Results revealed that DOX administration exhibited elevated serum levels of TNF-α, creatine kinase (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in addition to increased myocardial lipid peroxide (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) alongside attenuating cardiac antioxidant defense system of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. DOX produced leukocyte infiltration and myocardial lesions. Pretreatment with QRN (10mg/kg, orally) solely or in combination with LOS (0.7mg/kg, orally) for 6 weeks markedly ameliorated all these biochemical characteristics, and substantially reduced the myocardium peroxidative damage. The protective effects obtained by LOS were more pronounced by its combination with QRN. Our results suggest that quercetin potentially augmented the cardioprotective effect of losartan against chronic DOX cardiotoxicity via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa I Matouk
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Taye
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
| | - Gehan H Heeba
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Moselhy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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