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UYAR A, EMLİK H, YAMAN T. Deneysel Ülseratif Kolit Üzerine Yüksek Karbonhidratlı, Yüksek Yağlı ve Aralıklı Beslemenin Etkisi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.31196/huvfd.458770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Principi M, Losurdo G, Iannone A, Contaldo A, Deflorio V, Ranaldo N, Pisani A, Ierardi E, Di Leo A, Barone M. Differences in dietary habits between patients with inflammatory bowel disease in clinical remission and a healthy population. Ann Gastroenterol 2018; 31:469-473. [PMID: 29991892 PMCID: PMC6033751 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2018.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) change their dietary habits according to suggestions from their healthcare team, no restriction is required in the remission phase. Accordingly, we compared eating patterns in IBD patients with drug-induced clinical remission with those in healthy subjects. METHODS A total of 150 IBD patients, 84 with Crohn's disease (CD) and 66 with ulcerative colitis (UC), in clinical remission, receiving immunomodulator/biologic therapy, and 100 healthy volunteers (controls) were enrolled. The IBD diagnosis had previously been established by a combined assessment of symptoms, endoscopy, histology and abdominal imaging. Clinical remission was defined as a Harvey Bradshaw index <5 for CD and a partial Mayo score <2 for UC. An experienced nutritionist guided the compilation of a food diary for 7 days according to current guidelines. Macronutrient and fiber intake was evaluated using dedicated software. Comparison between continuous variables was performed using Student's t-test or analysis of variance plus Bonferroni post-hoc analysis. Categorical variables were tested with the χ2 test. RESULTS No difference in protein and carbohydrate intake was observed. IBD patients ate more calories (1970.7±348.4 vs. 1882.1±280.2 kcal/day, P=0.03), more lipids (68.9±15.2 vs. 59.4±19.0 g/day, P<0.001) and less fibers (11.9±4.7 vs. 15.5±8.3 g/day, P<0.001) than controls. No significant difference in total calories, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates or fibers was seen between CD and UC patients. CONCLUSION IBD patients have a different macronutrient and fiber intake compared to healthy subjects, even when clinical remission and no symptoms do not dictate dietary restrictions. Therefore, psychological issues may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariabeatrice Principi
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Losurdo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Iannone
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Contaldo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Deflorio
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Ranaldo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
| | - Enzo Ierardi
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
| | - Alfredo Di Leo
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Barone
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Aldo Moro of Bari, Italy
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Erkens T, Bueters R, van Heerden M, Cuyckens F, Vreeken R, Goeminne N, Lammens L. Translational safety biomarkers of colonic barrier integrity in the rat. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1282-1292. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Erkens
- Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV; Turnhoutseweg 30 2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Ruud Bueters
- Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV; Turnhoutseweg 30 2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Marjolein van Heerden
- Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV; Turnhoutseweg 30 2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Filip Cuyckens
- Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV; Turnhoutseweg 30 2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Rob Vreeken
- Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV; Turnhoutseweg 30 2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Nick Goeminne
- Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV; Turnhoutseweg 30 2340 Beerse Belgium
| | - Lieve Lammens
- Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Research & Development, a division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV; Turnhoutseweg 30 2340 Beerse Belgium
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Rohr M, Narasimhulu CA, Sharma D, Doomra M, Riad A, Naser S, Parthasarathy S. Inflammatory Diseases of the Gut. J Med Food 2018; 21:113-126. [PMID: 29389238 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract whose prevalence has been dramatically increasing over the past decade. New studies have shown that IBD is the second most common chronic inflammatory disease worldwide after rheumatoid arthritis, affecting millions of people mainly in industrialized countries. Symptoms of IBD include frequent bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramping, anorexia, abdominal distension, and emesis. Although the exact etiology is unknown, it has been postulated that immunological, microbial, environmental, nutritional, and genetic factors contribute to the pathogenesis and severity of IBD. Today, no treatment has consistently been shown to be successful in treating IBD. This review summarizes current research on the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, and existing treatment approaches, including pharmaceutical and nutritional options for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rohr
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | - Dhara Sharma
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Mitsushita Doomra
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Aladdin Riad
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Saleh Naser
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA
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Sigall-Boneh R, Levine A, Lomer M, Wierdsma N, Allan P, Fiorino G, Gatti S, Jonkers D, Kierkus J, Katsanos KH, Melgar S, Yuksel ES, Whelan K, Wine E, Gerasimidis K. Research Gaps in Diet and Nutrition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. A Topical Review by D-ECCO Working Group [Dietitians of ECCO]. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:1407-1419. [PMID: 28961811 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the current doctrine of IBD pathogenesis proposes an interaction between environmental factors and gut microbiota in genetically susceptible individuals, dietary exposures have attracted recent interest and are, at least in part, likely to explain the rapid rise in disease incidence and prevalence. The D-ECCO working group along with other ECCO experts with expertise in nutrition, microbiology, physiology, and medicine reviewed the evidence investigating the role of diet and nutritional therapy in the onset, perpetuation, and management of IBD. A narrative topical review is presented where evidence pertinent to the topic is summarised collectively under three main thematic domains: i] the role of diet as an environmental factor in IBD aetiology; ii] the role of diet as induction and maintenance therapy in IBD; and iii] assessment of nutritional status and supportive nutritional therapy in IBD. A summary of research gaps for each of these thematic domains is proposed, which is anticipated to be agenda-setting for future research in the area of diet and nutrition in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Sigall-Boneh
- PIBD Research Center, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Israel
| | - Arie Levine
- Paediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Miranda Lomer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, UK
| | - Nicolette Wierdsma
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, VU University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Allan
- Department of Translational Gastroenterology, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK
| | - Gionata Fiorino
- Department of Gastroenterology, IBD Center, Humanitas Research Hospital, Italy
| | - Simona Gatti
- Department of Paediatrics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, The Netherlands
| | - Jaroslaw Kierkus
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Disorders and Pediatrics, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Poland
| | - Konstantinos H Katsanos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University and Medical School of Ioannina, Greece
| | - Silvia Melgar
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Elif Saritas Yuksel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Izmir Katip Celebi University Ataturk Teaching and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Kevin Whelan
- King's College London, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, UK
| | - Eytan Wine
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Departments of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, Canada
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Limketkai BN, Parian A, Koretz RL, Nanavati JE, Shinohara RT, Mullin GE. Dietary interventions for induction and maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 2017:CD012839. [PMCID: PMC6485839 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dietary interventions on IBD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkeley N Limketkai
- Stanford University School of MedicineDivision of Gastroenterology & HepatologyAlway Building, M211, 300 Pasteur DriveStanfordUSA94305
| | - Alyssa Parian
- Johns Hopkins UniversityDivision of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of MedicineBaltimoreUSA
| | | | - Julie E Nanavati
- Johns Hopkins UniversityWelch Medical Library2024 E Monument StreetBaltimoreUSA
| | - Russel T Shinohara
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology423 Guardian DrivePhiladelphiaUSA
| | - Gerard E Mullin
- Johns Hopkins UniversityDivision of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of MedicineBaltimoreUSA
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57
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Statovci D, Aguilera M, MacSharry J, Melgar S. The Impact of Western Diet and Nutrients on the Microbiota and Immune Response at Mucosal Interfaces. Front Immunol 2017; 8:838. [PMID: 28804483 PMCID: PMC5532387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings point toward diet having a major impact on human health. Diets can either affect the gut microbiota resulting in alterations in the host’s physiological responses or by directly targeting the host response. The microbial community in the mammalian gut is a complex and dynamic system crucial for the development and maturation of both systemic and mucosal immune responses. Therefore, the complex interaction between available nutrients, the microbiota, and the immune system are central regulators in maintaining homeostasis and fighting against invading pathogens at mucosal sites. Westernized diet, defined as high dietary intake of saturated fats and sucrose and low intake of fiber, represent a growing health risk contributing to the increased occurrence of metabolic diseases, e.g., diabetes and obesity in countries adapting a westernized lifestyle. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and asthma are chronic mucosal inflammatory conditions of unknown etiology with increasing prevalence worldwide. These conditions have a multifactorial etiology including genetic factors, environmental factors, and dysregulated immune responses. Their increased prevalence cannot solely be attributed to genetic considerations implying that other factors such as diet can be a major contributor. Recent reports indicate that the gut microbiota and modifications thereof, due to a consumption of a diet high in saturated fats and low in fibers, can trigger factors regulating the development and/or progression of both conditions. While asthma is a disease of the airways, increasing evidence indicates a link between the gut and airways in disease development. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the impact of westernized diet and associated nutrients on immune cell responses and the microbiota and how these can influence the pathology of IBD and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donjete Statovci
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mònica Aguilera
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John MacSharry
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Silvia Melgar
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity promotes a state of low-grade inflammation that exacerbates chronic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and inflammatory bowel disease. In transplantation, the survival of organs transplanted into obese patients is reduced compared with allografts in lean recipients. However, whether this is due to increased alloimmunity remains to be addressed conclusively. METHODS We used a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and assessed immune responses to allogeneic stimulation in vitro, allogeneic splenocyte immunization in vivo, and allogeneic heart transplantation. RESULTS Our results indicate that HFD altered the composition and phenotype of splenic antigen-presenting cells that led to their enhanced capacity to stimulate T cells. Immunization with allogeneic splenocytes in vivo resulted in increased alloreactivity, as determined by IFNγ production. Moreover, cardiac allograft rejection in HFD mice was modestly accelerated compared to aged-matched control animals fed a low-fat diet, correlating with enhanced alloreactive T cell function. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the increased alloresponse triggered by HFD-induced obesity and its negative impact on transplant outcome.
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59
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Singh S, Dulai PS, Zarrinpar A, Ramamoorthy S, Sandborn WJ. Obesity in IBD: epidemiology, pathogenesis, disease course and treatment outcomes. NATURE REVIEWS. GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 27899815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Incidence of IBD is rising in parallel with overweight and obesity. Contrary to conventional belief, about 15-40% of patients with IBD are obese, which might contribute to the development of IBD. Findings from cross-sectional and retrospective cohort studies are conflicting on the effect of obesity on natural history and course of IBD. Most studies are limited by small sample size, low event rates, non-validated assessment of disease activity and lack robust longitudinal follow-up and have incomplete adjustment for confounding factors. The effect of obesity on the efficacy of IBD-related therapy remains to be studied, though data from other autoimmune diseases suggests that obesity results in suboptimal response to therapy, potentially by promoting rapid clearance of biologic agents leading to low trough concentrations. These data provide a rationale for using weight loss interventions as adjunctive therapy in patients with IBD who are obese. Obesity also makes colorectal surgery technically challenging and might increase the risk of perioperative complications. In this Review, we highlight the existing literature on the epidemiology of obesity in IBD, discuss its plausible role in disease pathogenesis and effect on disease course and treatment response, and identify high-priority areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA.,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Parambir S Dulai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Amir Zarrinpar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Sonia Ramamoorthy
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92193, USA
| | - William J Sandborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA
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60
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Lewis JD, Abreu MT. Diet as a Trigger or Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:398-414.e6. [PMID: 27793606 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The most common question asked by patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is, "Doctor, what should I eat?" Findings from epidemiology studies have indicated that diets high in animal fat and low in fruits and vegetables are the most common pattern associated with an increased risk of IBD. Low levels of vitamin D also appear to be a risk factor for IBD. In murine models, diets high in fat, especially saturated animal fats, also increase inflammation, whereas supplementation with omega 3 long-chain fatty acids protect against intestinal inflammation. Unfortunately, omega 3 supplements have not been shown to decrease the risk of relapse in patients with Crohn's disease. Dietary intervention studies have shown that enteral therapy, with defined formula diets, helps children with Crohn's disease and reduces inflammation and dysbiosis. Although fiber supplements have not been shown definitively to benefit patients with IBD, soluble fiber is the best way to generate short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate, which has anti-inflammatory effects. Addition of vitamin D and curcumin has been shown to increase the efficacy of IBD therapy. There is compelling evidence from animal models that emulsifiers in processed foods increase risk for IBD. We discuss current knowledge about popular diets, including the specific carbohydrate diet and diet low in fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols. We present findings from clinical and basic science studies to help gastroenterologists navigate diet as it relates to the management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Lewis
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Maria T Abreu
- Crohn's and Colitis Center, Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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61
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Singh S, Dulai PS, Zarrinpar A, Ramamoorthy S, Sandborn WJ. Obesity in IBD: epidemiology, pathogenesis, disease course and treatment outcomes. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 14:110-121. [PMID: 27899815 PMCID: PMC5550405 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2016.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Incidence of IBD is rising in parallel with overweight and obesity. Contrary to conventional belief, about 15-40% of patients with IBD are obese, which might contribute to the development of IBD. Findings from cross-sectional and retrospective cohort studies are conflicting on the effect of obesity on natural history and course of IBD. Most studies are limited by small sample size, low event rates, non-validated assessment of disease activity and lack robust longitudinal follow-up and have incomplete adjustment for confounding factors. The effect of obesity on the efficacy of IBD-related therapy remains to be studied, though data from other autoimmune diseases suggests that obesity results in suboptimal response to therapy, potentially by promoting rapid clearance of biologic agents leading to low trough concentrations. These data provide a rationale for using weight loss interventions as adjunctive therapy in patients with IBD who are obese. Obesity also makes colorectal surgery technically challenging and might increase the risk of perioperative complications. In this Review, we highlight the existing literature on the epidemiology of obesity in IBD, discuss its plausible role in disease pathogenesis and effect on disease course and treatment response, and identify high-priority areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA,Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Parambir S. Dulai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Amir Zarrinpar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Sonia Ramamoorthy
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92193, USA
| | - William J. Sandborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, USA
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Sido A, Radhakrishnan S, Kim SW, Eriksson E, Shen F, Li Q, Bhat V, Reddivari L, Vanamala JKP. A food-based approach that targets interleukin-6, a key regulator of chronic intestinal inflammation and colon carcinogenesis. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 43:11-17. [PMID: 28193578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown a causal link between high-calorie diet (HCD) and colon cancer. However, molecular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. To understand etiology of HCD-induced colon carcinogenesis, we screened 10 pathways linked to elevated colonic cell proliferation and chronic inflammation in an HCD-consuming human-relevant pig model. We observed elevated colonic mucosal interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in HCD-consuming pigs compared to standard diet controls (SD, P=.04), and IL-6 strongly correlated with Ki-67 proliferative index and zone, early biomarkers of colon cancer risk (r=0.604 and 0.743 and P=.017 and .002, respectively). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that HCD consumption altered IL-6 signaling pathway proteins (PI3KR4, IL-1α, Mapk10, Akt3, PIK3CG, PIK3R5, Map2k2). Furthermore, these proteins also correlated with Ki-67 proliferative index/zone. Anti-IL-6 therapeutics are available for treating colon cancer; however, they are expensive and induce negative side effects. Thus, whole foods could be a better way to combat low-grade chronic colonic inflammation and colon cancer. Whole plant foods have been shown to decrease chronic diseases due to the potential of anti-inflammatory dietary compounds acting synergistically. We observed that supplementation of HCD with anthocyanin-containing purple-fleshed potatoes (10% w/w), even after baking, suppressed HCD-induced IL-6 expression (P=.03) and the IL-6-related proteins IL-1α and Map2k1 (P≤.1). Our results highlight the importance of IL-6 signaling in diet-linked induction/prevention of colonic inflammation/cancer and demonstrate the potential of a food-based approach to target IL-6 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Sido
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sridhar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Frank Shen
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Qunhua Li
- Agilent Technologies, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | | | - Lavanya Reddivari
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jairam K P Vanamala
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; The Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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63
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Jensen BAH, Nielsen TS, Fritzen AM, Holm JB, Fjære E, Serup AK, Borkowski K, Risis S, Pærregaard SI, Søgaard I, Poupeau A, Poulsen M, Ma T, Sina C, Kiens B, Madsen L, Kristiansen K, Treebak JT. Dietary fat drives whole-body insulin resistance and promotes intestinal inflammation independent of body weight gain. Metabolism 2016; 65:1706-1719. [PMID: 27832859 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The obesogenic potential of high-fat diets (HFD) in rodents is attenuated when the protein:carbohydrate ratio is increased. However, it is not known if intake of an HFD irrespective of the protein:carbohydrate ratio and in the absence of weight gain, affects glucose homeostasis and the gut microbiota. METHODS We fed C57BL6/J mice 3 different HFDs with decreasing protein:carbohydrate ratios for 8weeks and compared the results to a LFD reference group. We analyzed the gut microbiota composition by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and the intestinal gene expression by real-time PCR. Whole body glucose homeostasis was evaluated by insulin and glucose tolerance tests as well as by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp experiment. RESULTS Compared with LFD-fed reference mice, HFD-fed mice, irrespective of protein:carbohydrate ratio, exhibited impaired glucose tolerance, whereas no differences were observed during insulin tolerance tests. The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp revealed tissue-specific effects on glucose homeostasis in all HFD-fed groups. HFD-fed mice exhibited decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in white but not in brown adipose tissue, and sustained endogenous glucose production under insulin-stimulated conditions. We observed no impairment of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscles of different fiber type composition. HFD-feeding altered the gut microbiota composition paralleled by increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and genes involved in gluconeogenesis in intestinal epithelial cells of the jejunum. CONCLUSIONS Intake of a HFD profoundly affected glucose homeostasis, gut inflammatory responses, and gut microbiota composition in the absence of fat mass accretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A H Jensen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas S Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob B Holm
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Even Fjære
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Annette K Serup
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steve Risis
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simone I Pærregaard
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Søgaard
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Audrey Poupeau
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michelle Poulsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tao Ma
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Sina
- Medical Department, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Neyrinck AM, Schüppel VL, Lockett T, Haller D, Delzenne NM. Microbiome and metabolic disorders related to obesity: Which lessons to learn from experimental models? Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to rise with time, signifying its emergence as a global disease. Clinical onset of IBD, comprising Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, typically occurs before or at peak reproductive age. Although active disease in female patients is associated with reduced fertility and adverse obstetric outcomes in pregnancy, the molecular mechanisms underlying this altered reproductive course, and its impact on IBD transmission to offspring, remain poorly understood. Clinical and experimental studies have now begun to elucidate the hormonal, environmental, and microbial factors that modulate immune-reproductive cross talk in IBD and define their impact on maternal health, fetal development, and heritability of disease risk. Evolving insight into maternal-fetal imprinting in IBD has important implications for patient counseling and disease management during pregnancy and may help predict clinical outcomes for both mother and child.
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Gulhane M, Murray L, Lourie R, Tong H, Sheng YH, Wang R, Kang A, Schreiber V, Wong KY, Magor G, Denman S, Begun J, Florin TH, Perkins A, Cuív PÓ, McGuckin MA, Hasnain SZ. High Fat Diets Induce Colonic Epithelial Cell Stress and Inflammation that is Reversed by IL-22. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28990. [PMID: 27350069 PMCID: PMC4924095 DOI: 10.1038/srep28990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged high fat diets (HFD) induce low-grade chronic intestinal inflammation in mice, and diets high in saturated fat are a risk factor for the development of human inflammatory bowel diseases. We hypothesized that HFD-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/oxidative stress occur in intestinal secretory goblet cells, triggering inflammatory signaling and reducing synthesis/secretion of proteins that form the protective mucus barrier. In cultured intestinal cells non-esterified long-chain saturated fatty acids directly increased oxidative/ER stress leading to protein misfolding. A prolonged HFD elevated the intestinal inflammatory cytokine signature, alongside compromised mucosal barrier integrity with a decrease in goblet cell differentiation and Muc2, a loss in the tight junction protein, claudin-1 and increased serum endotoxin levels. In Winnie mice, that develop spontaneous colitis, HFD-feeding increased ER stress, further compromised the mucosal barrier and increased the severity of colitis. In obese mice IL-22 reduced ER/oxidative stress and improved the integrity of the mucosal barrier, and reversed microbial changes associated with obesity with an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila. Consistent with epidemiological studies, our experiments suggest that HFDs are likely to impair intestinal barrier function, particularly in early life, which partially involves direct effects of free-fatty acids on intestinal cells, and this can be reversed by IL-22 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Gulhane
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lydia Murray
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rohan Lourie
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hui Tong
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yong H. Sheng
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ran Wang
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alicia Kang
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Veronika Schreiber
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kuan Yau Wong
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Graham Magor
- Blood and Bone Diseases Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stuart Denman
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jakob Begun
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Timothy H. Florin
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew Perkins
- Blood and Bone Diseases Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Páraic Ó. Cuív
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael A. McGuckin
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sumaira Z. Hasnain
- Immunity, Infection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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A survey of people with inflammatory bowel disease to investigate their views of food and nutritional issues. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:852-4. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zietek T, Rath E. Inflammation Meets Metabolic Disease: Gut Feeling Mediated by GLP-1. Front Immunol 2016; 7:154. [PMID: 27148273 PMCID: PMC4840214 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) share common features in their pathology. Metabolic disorders exhibit strong inflammatory underpinnings and vice versa, inflammation is associated with metabolic alterations. Next to cytokines and cellular stress pathways, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR), alterations in the enteroendocrine system are intersections of various pathologies. Enteroendocrine cells (EEC) have been studied extensively for their ability to regulate gastrointestinal motility, secretion, and insulin release by release of peptide hormones. In particular, the L-cell-derived incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has gained enormous attention due to its insulinotropic action and relevance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Yet, accumulating data indicate a critical role for EEC and in particular for GLP-1 in metabolic adaptation and in orchestrating immune responses beyond blood glucose control. EEC sense the lamina propria and luminal environment, including the microbiota via receptors and transporters. Subsequently, mediating signals by secreting hormones and cytokines, EEC can be considered as integrators of metabolic and inflammatory signaling. This review focuses on L cell and GLP-1 functions in the context of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The effects of incretin-based therapies on metabolism and immune system are discussed and the interrelation and common features of metabolic and immune-mediated disorders are highlighted. Moreover, it presents data on the impact of inflammation, in particular of IBD on EEC and discusses the potential role of the microbiota as link between nutrients, metabolism, immunity, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zietek
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Technische Universität München , Freising , Germany
| | - Eva Rath
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München , Freising , Germany
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Chamaillard M, Radulovic K. Defining dysbiosis threatens Koch's postulates and current dogma on the role of Paneth cells in Crohn's disease. Gut 2016; 65:190-1. [PMID: 26268744 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Chamaillard
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, CIIL, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Katarina Radulovic
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, CIIL, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diet is an emerging but poorly defined disease modulator in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Dietary factors exert direct effects on epithelial and immune cells and indirectly modulate immune homeostasis by shaping the intestinal microbiota. RECENT FINDINGS The increase in IBD prevalence in industrialized countries is associated with lifestyle changes including diets rich in energy, saturated fats, meat and sugar. Despite the fact that the intestinal ecosystem shows high stability and resilience to short-term perturbations, long-term dietary habits have profound effects on composition and function eventually leading to dysbiosis, that is changes in microbial composition associated with deleterious effects to the host. High-throughput sequencing data generated deeper insights of the intestinal ecosystems related to health and disease. However, the available cohort-studies establish associative relationships between microbiota changes and disease, rather than causality. New mouse models of intestinal inflammation and the possibility to transfer disease-associated microbial consortia state an essential tool to unravel the potential of diet-induced microbial shifts. SUMMARY This review will discuss new insights of how nutrition or single dietary factors shape the intestinal ecosystem. Furthermore, we want to provide perspectives for clinical translation of this knowledge to treat or prevent IBD.
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Maternal High-fat Diet Accelerates Development of Crohn's Disease-like Ileitis in TNFΔARE/WT Offspring. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:2016-25. [PMID: 26284294 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) and obesity increases the risk of the offspring to develop inflammatory processes in various organs including the gut. We hypothesized that maternal diet-induced obesity programs the fetal gut towards inflammation in a mouse model of genetically-driven Crohn's disease (CD)-like ileitis. METHODS TNF(WT/WT) and TNF(ΔARE/WT) dams were fed an experimental control diet (CTRLD; 13 kJ% fat) or HFD (48 kJ%). Offspring mice were fed CTRLD or HFD at 4 weeks of age. Metabolic characteristics and severity of CD-like ileitis was assessed in 8- and 12-week old WT and ARE offspring measuring tissue histopathology and markers of inflammation in the distal ileum as well as plasma cytokine and LPS levels. To study prenatal effects, we laser microdissected fetal intestinal epithelial cells at 17.5 days postconception and performed microarray-based global gene expression analysis. RESULTS Maternal HFD significantly accelerated the severity of CD-like ileitis in HFD-fed ARE mice at early life stages associated with increased mucosal neutrophil infiltration, Il12p40 expression, and portal vein LPS levels. In contrast to WT mice, metabolic characteristics of ARE offspring were not affected by maternal HFD. Gene expression patterns in fetal intestinal epithelial cells of ARE mice remained largely unchanged under conditions of maternal diet-induced obesity suggesting that the positive association of intestinal inflammation, portal vein endotoxemia, and plasma TNF levels is independent of prenatal conditioning of the gut epithelium. CONCLUSIONS Maternal HFD promotes the early onset of severe CD-like ileitis in genetically susceptible offspring independent of metabolic alterations.
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Benoit B, Bruno J, Kayal F, Estienne M, Debard C, Ducroc R, Plaisancié P. Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids Differently Modulate Colonic Goblet Cells In Vitro and in Rat Pups. J Nutr 2015; 145:1754-62. [PMID: 26108543 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.211441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-fat diets induce intestinal barrier alterations and promote intestinal diseases. Little is known about the effects of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) on mucin 2 (MUC2) production by goblet cells, which are crucial for intestinal protection. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of LCFAs on the differentiation of colonic goblet cells, MUC2 expression, and colonic barrier function. METHODS Upon reaching confluence, human colonic mucus-secreting HT29-MTX cells were stimulated (21 d) with a saturated LCFA (palmitic or stearic acid), a monounsaturated LCFA (oleic acid), or a polyunsaturated LCFA (linoleic, γ-linolenic, α-linolenic, or eicosapentaenoic acid). In addition, rat pups underwent oral administration of oil (palm, rapeseed, or sunflower oil) or water (10 μL/g body weight, postnatal days 10-15). Subsequently, colon goblet cells were studied by Western blotting, reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry and colonic transmucosal electrical resistance was measured by using Ussing chambers. RESULTS In vitro, palmitic acid enhanced MUC2 production (140% of control) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α expression, whereas oleic, linoleic, γ-linolenic, α-linolenic, and eicosapentaenoic acids reduced MUC2 expression (at least -50% of control). All unsaturated LCFAs decreased the expression of human atonal homolog 1, a transcription factor controlling goblet cell differentiation (at least -31% vs. control). In vivo, rats fed palm oil had higher palmitic acid concentrations (3-fold) in their colonic contents and increased mucus granule surfaces in their goblet cells (>2-fold) than did all other groups. Palm oil also increased colonic transmucosal electrical resistance (245% of control), yet had no effect on occludin and zonula occludens-1 expression. In contrast, sunflower and rapeseed oils decreased goblet cell number when compared with control (at least -10%) and palm oil (at least -14%) groups. CONCLUSIONS Palm oil in rat pups and palmitic acid in HT29-MTX cells increase the production of MUC2 and strengthen the intestinal barrier. In contrast, unsaturated LCFAs decrease MUC2 expression. These data should be taken into account in the context of preventive or therapeutic nutritional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère Benoit
- Lyon University, Villeurbanne, France; National Institute of Applied Sciences-Lyon, Pluridisciplinary Institute of Lipid Biochemistry, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jérémie Bruno
- Lyon University, Villeurbanne, France; National Institute of Applied Sciences-Lyon, Pluridisciplinary Institute of Lipid Biochemistry, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fanny Kayal
- Lyon University, Villeurbanne, France; National Institute of Applied Sciences-Lyon, Pluridisciplinary Institute of Lipid Biochemistry, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Monique Estienne
- National Institute of Applied Sciences-Lyon, Pluridisciplinary Institute of Lipid Biochemistry, Villeurbanne, France; National Institute of Agronomic Research, Research Unit 1397, French Institute of Health and Medical Research U1060, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetology and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Cyrille Debard
- National Institute of Agronomic Research, Research Unit 1397, French Institute of Health and Medical Research U1060, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetology and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France; French Institute of Health and Medical Research U1060, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetology and Nutrition Laboratory, Oullins, France; and
| | - Robert Ducroc
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research U773, Bichat Beaujon Biomedical Research Centre, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Plaisancié
- National Institute of Applied Sciences-Lyon, Pluridisciplinary Institute of Lipid Biochemistry, Villeurbanne, France; National Institute of Agronomic Research, Research Unit 1397, French Institute of Health and Medical Research U1060, Cardiovascular, Metabolism, Diabetology and Nutrition Laboratory, Villeurbanne, France;
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW An increasing body of evidence has linked diet to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Most of our current knowledge pertains to the link between diet and Crohn's disease. Exclusive enteral nutrition and partial enteral nutrition are the best known dietary intervention for the induction of remission and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease both in children and in adults, but the mechanism whereby these interventions may cause or maintain remission and mucosal healing has remained elusive. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have shed light on the possible mechanisms of response to dietary intervention. Epidemiological and rodent model studies over the last year have supplied us with several dietary candidates for an effect of diet on inflammation and disease pathogenesis. Others have shed insight into the effect of diet on dysbiosis and the microbiota. An elimination diet based on some of these candidates has shown clinical efficacy, and bridged the knowledge obtained from rodent models to a human intervention. SUMMARY These studies may allow better understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD and provide new tools to treat these difficult diseases. Elimination diets based on the identification of deleterious dietary components may pave the way for an improved control of the disease in the future. VIDEO ABSTRACT http://links.lww.com/COG/A10.
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Ocvirk S, Sava IG, Lengfelder I, Lagkouvardos I, Steck N, Roh JH, Tchaptchet S, Bao Y, Hansen JJ, Huebner J, Carroll IM, Murray BE, Sartor RB, Haller D. Surface-Associated Lipoproteins Link Enterococcus faecalis Virulence to Colitogenic Activity in IL-10-Deficient Mice Independent of Their Expression Levels. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004911. [PMID: 26067254 PMCID: PMC4466351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The commensal Enterococcus faecalis is among the most common causes of nosocomial infections. Recent findings regarding increased abundance of enterococci in the intestinal microbiota of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and induction of colitis in IL-10-deficient (IL-10-/-) mice put a new perspective on the contribution of E. faecalis to chronic intestinal inflammation. Based on the expression of virulence-related genes in the inflammatory milieu of IL-10-/- mice using RNA-sequencing analysis, we characterized the colitogenic role of two bacterial structures that substantially impact on E. faecalis virulence by different mechanisms: the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen and cell surface-associated lipoproteins. Germ-free wild type and IL-10-/- mice were monoassociated with E. faecalis wild type OG1RF or the respective isogenic mutants for 16 weeks. Intestinal tissue and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were collected to characterize tissue pathology, loss of intestinal barrier function, bacterial adhesion to intestinal epithelium and immune cell activation. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) were stimulated with bacterial lysates and E. faecalis virulence was additionally investigated in three invertebrate models. Colitogenic activity of wild type E. faecalis (OG1RF score: 7.2±1.2) in monoassociated IL-10-/- mice was partially impaired in E. faecalis lacking enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (ΔepaB score: 4.7±2.3; p<0.05) and was almost completely abrogated in E. faecalis deficient for lipoproteins (Δlgt score: 2.3±2.3; p<0.0001). Consistently both E. faecalis mutants showed significantly impaired virulence in Galleria mellonella and Caenorhabditis elegans. Loss of E-cadherin in the epithelium was shown for all bacterial strains in inflamed IL-10-/- but not wild type mice. Inactivation of epaB in E. faecalis reduced microcolony and biofilm formation in vitro, altered bacterial adhesion to intestinal epithelium of germ-free Manduca sexta larvae and impaired penetration into the colonic mucus layer of IL-10-/- mice. Lipoprotein-deficient E. faecalis exhibited an impaired TLR2-mediated activation of BMDCs in vitro despite their ability to fully reactivate MLN cells as well as MLN-derived colitogenic T cells ex vivo. E. faecalis virulence factors accounting for bacterial adhesion to mucosal surfaces as well as intestinal barrier disruption partially contribute to colitogenic activity of E. faecalis. Beyond their well-known role in infections, cell surface-associated lipoproteins are essential structures for colitogenic activity of E. faecalis by mediating innate immune cell activation. Enterococcus faecalis is a commensal of the human intestinal core microbiota harboring several putative virulence factors, which highlight its role as opportunistic pathogen. This dualistic character is supported by recent evidence linking Enterococcus spp. to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Although several studies suggest a crucial role for opportunistic pathogens in IBD pathogenesis targeting genetically susceptible individuals, the dynamic relationship between disease-relevant host compartments and specific bacterial structures able to trigger intestinal inflammation remain unclear. Here, we report that cell surface-associated lipoproteins and the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen, which are relevant for E. faecalis virulence in invertebrate infection models, but whose expression is minimally affected by the intestinal inflammatory milieu, exhibit colitogenic activity in a mouse model susceptible for chronic colitis. Bacterial lipoproteins trigger innate immune cell activation and are a critical prerequisite for E. faecalis-induced colitis. The enterococcal polysaccharide antigen mediates bacterial mucus penetration and adhesion to mucosal surfaces, promotes the formation of biofilm and contributes to E. faecalis colitogenic activity. Using E. faecalis as a model organism, we demonstrate that colitogenic activity of opportunistic pathogens can be assigned to specific bacterial structures, a finding that may help to identify the most essential steps in IBD-related microbe-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soeren Ocvirk
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, ZIEL–Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Irina G. Sava
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, ZIEL–Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Isabella Lengfelder
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, ZIEL–Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Ilias Lagkouvardos
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, ZIEL–Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Natalie Steck
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, ZIEL–Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Jung H. Roh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sandrine Tchaptchet
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yinyin Bao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan J. Hansen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Johannes Huebner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ian M. Carroll
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Barbara E. Murray
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - R. Balfour Sartor
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dirk Haller
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, ZIEL–Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Burkett PR, Meyer zu Horste G, Kuchroo VK. Pouring fuel on the fire: Th17 cells, the environment, and autoimmunity. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2211-9. [PMID: 25961452 DOI: 10.1172/jci78085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play a critical role in controlling the differentiation of CD4 Th cells into distinct subsets, including IL-17-producing Th17 cells. Unfortunately, the incidence of a number of autoimmune diseases, particularly those in which the IL-23/IL-17 axis has been implicated, has risen in the last several decades, suggesting that environmental factors can promote autoimmunity. Here we review the role of cytokines in Th17 differentiation, particularly the role of IL-23 in promoting the differentiation of a pathogenic subset of Th17 cells that potently induce autoimmune tissue inflammation. Moreover, we highlight emerging data that indicate that environmental factors, including the intestinal microbiota and changes in diet, can alter normal cytokine regulation with potent effects on Th17 differentiation and thus promote autoimmunity, which has strong implications for human disease.
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Lee D, Albenberg L, Compher C, Baldassano R, Piccoli D, Lewis JD, Wu GD. Diet in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:1087-106. [PMID: 25597840 PMCID: PMC4409494 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Some of the most common symptoms of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD, which include ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) are abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. It is therefore not surprising that clinicians and patients have wondered whether dietary patterns influence the onset or course of IBD. The question of what to eat is among the most commonly asked by patients, and among the most difficult to answer for clinicians. There are substantial variations in dietary behaviors of patients and recommendations for them, although clinicians do not routinely endorse specific diets for patients with IBD. Dietary clinical trials have been limited by their inability to include a placebo control, contamination of study groups, and inclusion of patients receiving medical therapies. Additional challenges include accuracy of information on dietary intake, complex interactions between foods consumed, and differences in food metabolism among individuals. We review the roles of diet in the etiology and management of IBD based on plausible mechanisms and clinical evidence. Researchers have learned much about the effects of diet on the mucosal immune system, epithelial function, and the intestinal microbiome; these findings could have significant practical implications. Controlled studies of patients receiving enteral nutrition and observations made from patients on exclusion diets have shown that components of whole foods can have deleterious effects for patients with IBD. Additionally, studies in animal models suggested that certain nutrients can reduce intestinal inflammation. In the future, engineered diets that restrict deleterious components but supplement beneficial nutrients could be used to modify the luminal intestinal environment of patients with IBD; these might be used alone or in combination with immunosuppressive agents, or as salvage therapy for patients who do not respond or lose responsiveness to medical therapies. Stricter diets might be required to induce remission, and more sustainable exclusion diets could be used to maintain long-term remission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - James D. Lewis
- Co-Corresponding authors: James D. Lewis, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 720 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6021, Office: (215) 573-5137, Fax: (215) 573-0813, ; Gary D. Wu, Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Suite 915, Biomedical Research Building, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Office: (215) 898-0158, Fax: (215) 573-2024,
| | - Gary D. Wu
- Co-Corresponding authors: James D. Lewis, Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 720 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6021, Office: (215) 573-5137, Fax: (215) 573-0813, ; Gary D. Wu, Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Suite 915, Biomedical Research Building, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, Office: (215) 898-0158, Fax: (215) 573-2024,
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Nagy-Szakal D, Mir SAV, Harris RA, Dowd SE, Yamada T, Lacorazza HD, Tatevian N, Smith CW, de Zoeten EF, Klein J, Kellermayer R. Loss of n-6 fatty acid induced pediatric obesity protects against acute murine colitis. FASEB J 2015; 29:3151-9. [PMID: 25903104 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-267690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary influences may affect microbiome composition and host immune responses, thereby modulating propensity toward inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs): Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Dietary n-6 fatty acids have been associated with UC in prospective studies. However, the critical developmental period when (n-6) consumption may induce UC is not known. We examined the effects of transiently increased n-6 consumption during pediatric development on subsequent dextran-sulfate-sodium (DSS)-induced acute murine colitis. The animals transiently became obese then rapidly lost this phenotype. Interestingly, mice were protected against DSS colitis 40 days after n-6 consumption. The transient high n-6-induced protection against colitis was fat type- and dietary reversal-dependent and could be transferred to germ-free mice by fecal microbiota transplantation. We also detected decreased numbers of chemokine receptor (Cxcr)5(+) CD4(+) T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) of transiently n-6-fed mice. Further experiments revealed that anti-chemokine ligand (Cxcl)13 (the ligand of Cxcr5) antibody treatment decreased DSS colitis severity, implicating the importance of the Cxcr5-Cxcl13 pathway in mammalian colitis. Consecutively, we found elevated CXCL13 concentrations (CD: 1.8-fold, P = 0.0077; UC: 1.9-fold, P = 0.056) in the serum of untreated pediatric IBD patients. The human serologic observations supported the translational relevance of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Nagy-Szakal
- *Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA; U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Molecular Research LP, Shallowater, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and **School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sabina A V Mir
- *Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA; U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Molecular Research LP, Shallowater, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and **School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - R Alan Harris
- *Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA; U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Molecular Research LP, Shallowater, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and **School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Scot E Dowd
- *Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA; U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Molecular Research LP, Shallowater, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and **School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- *Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA; U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Molecular Research LP, Shallowater, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and **School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - H Daniel Lacorazza
- *Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA; U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Molecular Research LP, Shallowater, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and **School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nina Tatevian
- *Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA; U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Molecular Research LP, Shallowater, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and **School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - C Wayne Smith
- *Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA; U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Molecular Research LP, Shallowater, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and **School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Edwin F de Zoeten
- *Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA; U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Molecular Research LP, Shallowater, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and **School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John Klein
- *Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA; U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Molecular Research LP, Shallowater, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and **School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard Kellermayer
- *Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA; U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Molecular Research LP, Shallowater, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; and **School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses a group of disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract characterized by acute and chronic inflammation. These are complex and multifactorial disorders that arise in part from a genetic predisposition. However, the increasing incidence of IBD in developing countries suggests that environmental factors, such as diet, are also critical components of disease susceptibility. Evidence suggests that consumption of a Western diet, enriched with saturated fat, refined carbohydrates, and food additives, is associated with increased IBD risk. Dietary components, such as omega-6 fatty acids, long-chain fatty acids, protein, and digestible carbohydrates, may contribute to IBD pathogenesis through altering intestinal microbiota, increasing intestinal permeability, and promoting inflammation; whereas omega-3 fatty acids, medium chain triglycerides, and nondigestible carbohydrates improve these parameters and intestinal health. However, the limited amount of prospective studies, small sample sizes, and the heterogeneity of disease subtype result in inconsistencies between studies and difficulty in conclusively determining the specific effects of diet on intestinal homeostasis. There are no standard clinical dietary recommendations for patients with IBD. However, exclusionary diet interventions have shown some efficacy in relieving symptoms or inducing remission, suggesting more research is needed to fully understand how diet influences disease behavior or combines with other IBD risk factors to promote disease. This review focuses on the associations of various dietary components and IBD risk in clinical studies and genetically susceptible IBD models.
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Kless C, Müller VM, Schüppel VL, Lichtenegger M, Rychlik M, Daniel H, Klingenspor M, Haller D. Diet-induced obesity causes metabolic impairment independent of alterations in gut barrier integrity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:968-78. [PMID: 25676872 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The causal relationship between diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders is not clear yet. One hypothesis is whether the obese state or high-fat diet per se affects intestinal barrier function provoking metabolic comorbidities. METHODS AND RESULTS In three independent experiments with AKR/J, SWR/J, or BL/6J mice, we addressed the impact of genetic background, excess body fat storage, duration of high-fat feeding, and quality/quantity of dietary fat on glucose tolerance and gut barrier integrity in vivo and ex vivo. Impaired glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese BL/6J and AKR/J mice was not accompanied by an altered intestinal barrier function. Enforced dietary challenge by prolonged feeding and increasing fat quantity in BL/6J mice still failed to aggravate metabolic and intestinal deterioration. Despite a low-grade inflammatory status in adipose tissue, barrier function of BL/6J mice fed lard high-fat diet revealed no evidence for a diet-induced loss in barrier integrity. CONCLUSION None of our results provided any evidence that gut barrier function is a subject to dietary regulation and obesity per se seems not to cause gut barrier impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kless
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, ZIEL - Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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81
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Martin FPJ, Lichti P, Bosco N, Brahmbhatt V, Oliveira M, Haller D, Benyacoub J. Metabolic phenotyping of an adoptive transfer mouse model of experimental colitis and impact of dietary fish oil intake. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1911-9. [PMID: 25751005 DOI: 10.1021/pr501299m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are acute and chronic disabling inflammatory disorders with multiple complex etiologies that are not well-defined. Chronic intestinal inflammation has been linked to an energy-deficient state of gut epithelium with alterations in oxidative metabolism. Plasma-, urine-, stool-, and liver-specific metabonomic analyses are reported in a naïve T cell adoptive transfer (AT) experimental model of colitis, which evaluated the impact of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-enriched diet. Metabolic profiles of AT animals and their controls under chow diet or fish oil supplementation were compared to describe the (i) consequences of inflammatory processes and (ii) the differential impact of n-3 fatty acids. Inflammation was associated with higher glycoprotein levels (related to acute-phase response) and remodeling of PUFAs. Low triglyceride levels and enhanced PUFA levels in the liver suggest activation of lipolytic pathways that could lead to the observed increase of phospholipids in the liver (including plasmalogens and sphingomyelins). In parallel, the increase in stool excretion of most amino acids may indicate a protein-losing enteropathy. Fecal content of glutamine was lower in AT mice, a feature exacerbated under fish oil intervention that may reflect a functional relationship between intestinal inflammatory status and glutamine metabolism. The decrease in Krebs cycle intermediates in urine (succinate, α-ketoglutarate) also suggests a reduction in the glutaminolytic pathway at a systemic level. Our data indicate that inflammatory status is related to this overall loss of energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Pierre J Martin
- †Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Molecular Biomarkers Dpt, EPFL Innovation Park, Building H, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pia Lichti
- ‡Technische Universität München, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Nabil Bosco
- §Nestlé Research Center, Nutrition and Health Department, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Viral Brahmbhatt
- §Nestlé Research Center, Nutrition and Health Department, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Oliveira
- §Nestlé Research Center, Nutrition and Health Department, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Haller
- ‡Technische Universität München, Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Jalil Benyacoub
- §Nestlé Research Center, Nutrition and Health Department, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
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82
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Moderate exercise training attenuates the severity of experimental rodent colitis: the importance of crosstalk between adipose tissue and skeletal muscles. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:605071. [PMID: 25684862 PMCID: PMC4313673 DOI: 10.1155/2015/605071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although progress has been recently made in understanding of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), their etiology is unknown apart from several factors from adipose tissue and skeletal muscles such as cytokines, adipokines, and myokines were implicated in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. We studied the effect high-fat diet (HFD; cholesterol up to 70%), low-fat diet (LFD; cholesterol up to 10%), and the normal diet (total fat up to 5%) in rats with TNBS colitis forced to treadmill running exercise (5 days/week) for 6 weeks. In nonexercising HFD rats, the area of colonic damage, colonic tissue weight, the plasma IL-1β, TNF-α, TWEAK, and leptin levels, and the expression of IL-1β-, TNF-α-, and Hif1α mRNAs were significantly increased and a significant fall in plasma adiponectin and irisin levels was observed as compared to LFD rats. In HFD animals, the exercise significantly accelerated the healing of colitis, raised the plasma levels of IL-6 and irisin, downregulated the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and Hif1α, and significantly decreased the plasma IL-1β, TNF α, TWEAK, and leptin levels. We conclude that HFD delays the healing of colitis in trained rats via decrease in CBF and plasma IL-1β, TNF-α, TWEAK, and leptin levels and the release of protective irisin.
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83
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Takata K, Tomita T, Okuno T, Kinoshita M, Koda T, Honorat JA, Takei M, Hagihara K, Sugimoto T, Mochizuki H, Sakoda S, Nakatsuji Y. Dietary Yeasts Reduce Inflammation in Central Nerve System via Microflora. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2014; 2:56-66. [PMID: 25642435 PMCID: PMC4301675 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The intestinal microflora affects the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases by influencing immune system function. Some bacteria, such as lactic acid bacteria, have been reported to have beneficial effects on immune function. However, little is known about the effects of yeasts. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of various dietary yeasts contained in fermented foods on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects. Methods The effects of eight yeasts selected from 18 types of yeasts contained in fermented foods were examined using an EAE model. Of these, Candida kefyr was investigated by analyzing the intestinal microflora and its effects on intestinal and systemic immune states. Results Administration of C. kefyr ameliorated the severity of EAE. Reduced numbers of Th17 cells, suppressed interleukin (IL)-6 production by intestinal explants, and increased Tregs and CD103-positive regulatory dendritic cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were observed. Analysis of 16s-rDNA from feces of C. kefyr-treated mice demonstrated increased Lactobacillales and decreased Bacteroides compared to control flora. Transfer of intestinal microbiota also resulted in decreased Bacteroides and ameliorated symptoms of EAE. Thus, oral administration of C. kefyr ameliorated EAE by altering the microflora, accompanied by increased Tregs and CD103-positive regulatory dendritic cells in MLNs and decreased Th17 cells in the intestinal lamina propria. Interpretation Oral ingestion of C. kefyr may have beneficial effects on MS by modifying microflora. In addition, our findings also suggested the potential health benefits of dietary yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushiro Takata
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine D4 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tomita
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., ltd. 2399-1, Nogi, Nogi-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 329-0114, Japan
| | - Tatsusada Okuno
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine D4 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine C6 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toru Koda
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine D4 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Josephe A Honorat
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine D4 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaya Takei
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., ltd. 2399-1, Nogi, Nogi-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 329-0114, Japan
| | - Kouichiro Hagihara
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., ltd. 2399-1, Nogi, Nogi-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 329-0114, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Sugimoto
- Research Division, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Science and Technology 3-bunkyocho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8560, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine D4 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Saburo Sakoda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Toneyama 5-5-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8552, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakatsuji
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine D4 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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84
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Abstract
Although the prevalence of main idiopathic forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has risen considerably over the last decades, their clinical features do not allow accurate prediction of prognosis, likelihood of disease progression, or response to specific therapy. Through a better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in IBD and the promise of more targeted therapies, the personalized approach to the management of IBD shows potential. To achieve this, there remains a significant need to better understand the disease process at cellular and molecular levels for any given individual with IBD. The complexity of biological functional networks behind the etiology of IBD highlights the need for their comprehensive analysis. In this, omics technologies can generate a systemic view of IBD pathogenesis on which to base novel, multiple pathway-integrated therapies. Omics sciences have just started to contribute here by generating gene, protein expression, metabolite data at global level and large scale, and more recently by offering new opportunities to explore gut functional ecology. In particular, there is much expectation regarding the putative role of the gut microbiome in IBD. No doubt it will provide additional insights and lead to the development of alternative, hopefully better, diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring tools in the management of IBD. This review discusses perspectives of relevance to clinical translation with emphasis on gut microbial metabolic activities.
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85
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Kredel LI, Siegmund B. Adipose-tissue and intestinal inflammation - visceral obesity and creeping fat. Front Immunol 2014; 5:462. [PMID: 25309544 PMCID: PMC4174117 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become one of the main threats to health worldwide and therefore gained increasing clinical and economic significance as well as scientific attention. General adipose-tissue accumulation in obesity is associated with systemically increased pro-inflammatory mediators and humoral and cellular changes within this compartment. These adipose-tissue changes and their systemic consequences led to the concept of obesity as a chronic inflammatory state. A pathognomonic feature of Crohn’s disease (CD) is creeping fat (CF), a locally restricted hyperplasia of the mesenteric fat adjacent to the inflamed segments of the intestine. The precise role of this adipose-tissue and its mediators remains controversial, and ongoing work will have to define whether this compartment is protecting from or contributing to disease activity. This review aims to outline specific cellular changes within the adipose-tissue, occurring in either obesity or CF. Hence the potential impact of adipocytes and resident immune cells from the innate and adaptive immune system will be discussed for both diseases. The second part focuses on the impact of generalized adipose-tissue accumulation in obesity, respectively on the locally restricted form in CD, on intestinal inflammation and on the closely related integrity of the mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea I Kredel
- Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, Medical Department I, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, Medical Department I, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany
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86
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Clavel T, Desmarchelier C, Haller D, Gérard P, Rohn S, Lepage P, Daniel H. Intestinal microbiota in metabolic diseases: from bacterial community structure and functions to species of pathophysiological relevance. Gut Microbes 2014; 5:544-51. [PMID: 25003516 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.29331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The trillions of bacterial cells that colonize the mammalian digestive tract influence both host physiology and the fate of dietary compounds. Gnotobionts and fecal transplantation have been instrumental in revealing the causal role of intestinal bacteria in energy homeostasis and metabolic dysfunctions such as type-2 diabetes. However, the exact contribution of gut bacterial metabolism to host energy balance is still unclear and knowledge about underlying molecular mechanisms is scant. We have previously characterized cecal bacterial community functions and host responses in diet-induced obese mice using omics approaches. Based on these studies, we here discuss issues on the relevance of mouse models, give evidence that the metabolism of cholesterol-derived compounds by gut bacteria is of particular importance in the context of metabolic disorders and that dominant species of the family Coriobacteriaceae are good models to study these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clavel
- Junior Research Group Intestinal Microbiome; ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences; Technische Universität München; Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Charles Desmarchelier
- Molecular Nutrition Unit; ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences; Technische Universität München; Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology; Biofunctionality Unit; ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences; Technische Universität München; Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Philippe Gérard
- INRA / AgroParisTech; Micalis UMR1319; Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Chemistry; Hamburg School of Food Science; University of Hamburg; Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Lepage
- INRA / AgroParisTech; Micalis UMR1319; Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Molecular Nutrition Unit; ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences; Technische Universität München; Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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87
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Zhou K, Jiang M, Liu Y, Qu Y, Shi G, Yang X, Qin X, Wang X. Effect of bile pigments on the compromised gut barrier function in a rat model of bile duct ligation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98905. [PMID: 24892651 PMCID: PMC4044053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that the absence of bile in the gut lumen, either by bile duct ligation or bile diversion, induces mucosal injury. However, the mechanism remains elusive. In this study, the role of bile pigments in gut barrier function was investigated in a rat model of bile duct ligation. Methods Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used in this study. After ligation of bile duct, the animals were administrated with free bilirubin, bilirubin ditaurate, or biliverdin by intragastric gavage. 1, 2, or 3 days later, the animals were sacrificed and the damage of mucosa was assessed by histological staining as well as biochemical parameters such as changes of diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactate (D-Lac) in the blood. Trypsin and chymotrypsin of the gut were also measured to determine how these digestive proteases may relate to the observed effects of bile pigments. Results Bile duct ligation (BDL) caused significant increases in gut trypsin and chymotrypsin along with damage of the mucosa as demonstrated by the histological findings under microscope, the reduced expression of tight junction molecules like occludin, and significant changes in DAO and D-lac in the blood. Free bilirubin but not bilirubin ditaurate or biliverdin showed significant inhibitions on trypsin and chymotrypsin as well as alleviated changes of histological and biochemical parameters related to gut barrier disruption. Conclusion Bile may protect the gut from damage through inhibiting digestive proteases like trypsin and chymotrypsin by free bilirubin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Team in Higher Education Institutes for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingshan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Team in Higher Education Institutes for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yilin Qu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Team in Higher Education Institutes for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guojing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Team in Higher Education Institutes for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinguang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Team in Higher Education Institutes for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofa Qin
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Xiuhong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Team in Higher Education Institutes for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail:
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88
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Reply to Mendall. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2014; 20:e13. [PMID: 24662058 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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