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Öhnstedt E, Lofton Tomenius H, Vågesjö E, Phillipson M. The discovery and development of topical medicines for wound healing. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:485-497. [PMID: 30870037 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1588879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic, nonhealing skin wounds claim >3% of the health-care budget in industrialized countries, and the incidence is rising. Currently, two parallel trends influence innovations within the field of wound healing: the need to reduce spread of antibiotic resistance and the emerging use of health economy and value-based models. Areas covered: This review focuses on the discovery of drug candidates and development of treatments aiming to enhance wound healing in the heterogeneous group of patients with nonhealing wounds. Expert opinion: Nonhealing wounds are multifaceted and recognized as difficult indications. The majority of products currently in use are medical device dressings, or concepts of negative pressure or hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Global best practice guidelines for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers recommend debridement, redressing, as well as infection control, and are critical to the lack of coherent clinical evidence for many approved products in active wound care. To accelerate wound healing, there is an emerging trend toward biologics, gene therapy, and novel concepts for drug delivery in research and in the pipeline for clinical trials. Scientific delineation of the therapeutic mechanism of action is, in our opinion, vital for clinical trial success and for an increased fraction of medical products in the pharmaceutical pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Öhnstedt
- a Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.,b Ilya Pharma AB , Dag Hammarskiölds väg, Uppsala , Sweden
| | - H Lofton Tomenius
- a Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.,b Ilya Pharma AB , Dag Hammarskiölds väg, Uppsala , Sweden
| | - E Vågesjö
- b Ilya Pharma AB , Dag Hammarskiölds väg, Uppsala , Sweden
| | - M Phillipson
- a Department of Medical Cell Biology , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.,b Ilya Pharma AB , Dag Hammarskiölds väg, Uppsala , Sweden
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Frew Q, Rennekampff HO, Dziewulski P, Moiemen N, Zahn T, Hartmann B. Betulin wound gel accelerated healing of superficial partial thickness burns: Results of a randomized, intra-individually controlled, phase III trial with 12-months follow-up. Burns 2018; 45:876-890. [PMID: 30559054 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acceleration of wound healing promises advantages for patients and caregivers in reducing the burden of disease, avoiding complications such as wound infections, and improving the long-term outcome. However, medicines that can accelerate wound healing are lacking. The objective of this open, blindly evaluated, randomized, multicenter phase III study was to compare intra-individually the efficacy and tolerability of Oleogel-S10 with fatty gauze dressing versus Octenilin® wound gel with fatty gauze dressing in accelerating the healing of superficial partial thickness burn wounds. METHODS Acute superficial partial thickness burn wounds in adults caused by fire, heat burn or scalding were divided into 2 halves and randomly assigned to treatment with Oleogel-S10 or Octenilin® wound gel. Photos for observer-blinded analysis of wound healing were taken at each wound dressing change. Percentages of reepithelialization were assessed at defined intervals. Efficacy and tolerability were evaluated based on a 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS Of 61 patients that were enrolled, 57 received the allocated intervention and 48 completed treatment. The percentage of patients with earlier wound healing was significantly higher for Oleogel-S10 (85.7%, n=30) compared to Octenilin® wound gel (14.3%, n=5, p<0.0001). The mean intra-individual difference in time to wound closure was -1.0 day in favour of Oleogel-S10 (-1.4, -0.6; 95% CI, p<0.0001). Most investigators (87.0%) and patients (84.8%) evaluated the efficacy of Oleogel-S10 to be 'better' or 'much better' than that of Octenilin® wound gel. Long-term outcome 3 months and 12 months post injury was improved in some patients. CONCLUSIONS Oleogel-S10 (Episalvan) significantly accelerated the healing of superficial partial thickness burn wounds. It was safe and well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Frew
- St. Andrew's Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Mid Essex Hospitals Trust, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, UK
| | | | - Peter Dziewulski
- St. Andrew's Centre for Plastic Surgery and Burns, Mid Essex Hospitals Trust, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Naiem Moiemen
- Burns and Plastics, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Queen Elisabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Bernd Hartmann
- Burn Center with Plastic Surgery, Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany.
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Liao AH, Hung CR, Chen HK, Chiang CP. Ultrasound-Mediated EGF-Coated-Microbubble Cavitation in Dressings for Wound-Healing Applications. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8327. [PMID: 29844469 PMCID: PMC5974178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of ultrasound (US) controlled cavitation for transdermal drug delivery (TDD) using gas-filled microbubbles (MBs) has been explored. However, liquid or gel-type MBs is not easy used for TDD. The present study investigated a new treatment model for evaluating the US-mediated liquid-type epidermal growth factor (EGF)-coated lysozyme microbubble (LYMB) cavitation in a wound dressing for enhancing wound healing. The maximum loading efficacy of EGF onto LYMBs was 19.40 ± 0.04%. In terms of the in vitro treatment efficacy, the growth of Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited by 97.50 ± 1.50% in the group with LYMBs exposed to 3 W/cm2 US. During 21 days in vivo wound healing experiments, the recovery rate during the first 6 days was significant higher in the group with EGF-LYMB dressings and US exposure (day 6: 54.28 ± 3.26%) than in the control group (day 6: 26.36 ± 3.34%) (p < 0.05). Our results show that the new model can significantly reduce the treatment duration during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ho Liao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Ray Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Hang-Kang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ping Chiang
- Department of Dermatology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
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Alonso EN, Ferronato MJ, Fermento ME, Gandini NA, Romero AL, Guevara JA, Facchinetti MM, Curino AC. Antitumoral and antimetastatic activity of Maitake D-Fraction in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23396-23412. [PMID: 29805742 PMCID: PMC5955106 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with poor prognosis, high local recurrence rate and high rate of metastasis compared with other breast cancer subtypes. In addition, TNBC lacks a targeted therapy. This scenario highlights the need for novel compounds with high potential for TNBC treatment. In this regard, natural products are important sources of anticancer drugs. D-Fraction, a proteoglucan extracted from the edible and medicinal mushroom Grifola frondosa (Maitake), is a dietary supplement that has been shown to exert both immunostimulatory and immune-independent antitumoral effects on some cancer types. However, its antitumoral potential in TNBC is unknown. Therefore, we employed TNBC cells to investigate if D-Fraction is able to attenuate their aggressive phenotype. We found that D-Fraction decreases MDA-MB-231 cell viability through apoptosis induction and reduces their metastatic potential. D-Fraction increases cell-cell adhesion by increasing E-cadherin protein levels and β-catenin membrane localization, and increases cell-substrate adhesion. D-Fraction also decreases cell motility by affecting actin cytoskeleton rearrangements, and proteolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Furthermore, D-Fraction decreases the invasive capacity of MDA-MB-231 cells. In concordance, D-Fraction retards tumor growth and reduces lung metastases in a xenograft model. Altogether, these results suggest the potential therapeutic role of D-Fraction in aggressive TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Noelia Alonso
- Laboratorio de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)–CONICET, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María Julia Ferronato
- Laboratorio de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)–CONICET, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Fermento
- Laboratorio de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)–CONICET, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Norberto Ariel Gandini
- Laboratorio de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)–CONICET, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | | | - Josefina Alejandra Guevara
- Laboratorio de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)–CONICET, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María Marta Facchinetti
- Laboratorio de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)–CONICET, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Carlos Curino
- Laboratorio de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)–CONICET, Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Lusche DF, Buchele EC, Russell KB, Soll BA, Vitolo MI, Klemme MR, Wessels DJ, Soll DR. Overexpressing TPTE2 ( TPIP), a homolog of the human tumor suppressor gene PTEN, rescues the abnormal phenotype of the PTEN-/- mutant. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21100-21121. [PMID: 29765523 PMCID: PMC5940379 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One possible approach to normalize mutant cells that are metastatic and tumorigenic, is to upregulate a functionally similar homolog of the mutated gene. Here we have explored this hypothesis by generating an overexpressor of TPTE2 (TPIP), a homolog of PTEN, in PTEN-/- mutants, the latter generated by targeted mutagenesis of a human epithelial cell line. Overexpression of TPTE2 normalized phenotypic changes associated with the PTEN mutation. The PTEN-/- -associated changes rescued by overexpressing TPTE2 included 1) accelerated wound healing in the presence or absence of added growth factors (GFs), 2) increased division rates on a 2D substrate in the presence of GFs, 3) adhesion and viability on a 2D substrate in the absence of GFs, 4) viability in a 3D Matrigel model in the absence of GFs and substrate adhesion 5) loss of apoptosis-associated annexin V cell surface binding sites. The results justify further exploration into the possibility that upregulating TPTE2 by a drug may reverse metastatic and tumorigenic phenotypes mediated in part by a mutation in PTEN. This strategy may also be applicable to other tumorigenic mutations in which a homolog to the mutated gene is present and can substitute functionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F. Lusche
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242 IA, USA
| | - Emma C. Buchele
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242 IA, USA
| | - Kanoe B. Russell
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242 IA, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Soll
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242 IA, USA
| | - Michele I. Vitolo
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, The University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, Baltimore, 21201 MD, USA
| | - Michael R. Klemme
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242 IA, USA
| | - Deborah J. Wessels
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242 IA, USA
| | - David R. Soll
- Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank and W.M. Keck Dynamic Image Analysis Facility, Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242 IA, USA
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Healing Time Correlates With the Quality of Scaring: Results From a Prospective Randomized Control Donor Site Trial. Dermatol Surg 2018; 44:521-527. [DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000001345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Prasad YS, Saritha B, Tamizhanban A, Lalitha K, Kabilan S, Maheswari CU, Sridharan V, Nagarajan S. Enzymatic synthesis and self-assembly of glycolipids: robust self-healing and wound closure performance of assembled soft materials. RSC Adv 2018; 8:37136-37145. [PMID: 35557831 PMCID: PMC9089313 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07703g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In developing countries, wounds are a major health concern and pose a significant problem. Hence, the development of new materials that can act as scaffolds for in situ tissue regeneration and regrowth is necessary. In this report, we present a new class of injectable oleogel and composite gel derived from glycolipids that provide reversible interlinked 3D fiberous network architecture for effective wound closure by tissue regrowth and regeneration. Glycolipids were derived from α-chloralose and various vinyl esters using Novozyme 435, an immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica as a catalyst, in good yield. These glycolipids undergo spontaneous self-assembly in paraffin oil to form an oleogel, in which curcumin was successfully incorporated to generate a composite gel. Morphological analysis of the oleogel and composite gel clearly revealed the formation of a 3D fiberous network. Rheological investigation revealed the thermal and mechanical processability of the oleogel and composite gel under various experimental conditions. Interestingly, the developed injectable oleogel and composite gel are able to accelerate the wound healing process by regulating the overlapping phases of inflammation, cell proliferation and extracellular matrix remodelling. Since chloralose displays anesthetic properties, this study will establish a new strategy to develop anesthetic wound healing oleogels in the future. In this report, we present a new class of injectable oleogels and a composite gel derived from glycolipids that provide a reversible interlinked 3D fiberous network architecture for effective wound closure by tissue regrowth and regeneration.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadavali Siva Prasad
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur – 613401
- India
| | - Balasubramani Saritha
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur – 613401
- India
| | - Ayyapillai Tamizhanban
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur – 613401
- India
| | - Krishnamoorthy Lalitha
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur – 613401
- India
| | - Sakthivel Kabilan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur – 613401
- India
| | - C. Uma Maheswari
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur – 613401
- India
| | - Vellaisamy Sridharan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences
- Central University of Jammu
- Rahya-Suchani (Bagla)
- Jammu-181143
- India
| | - Subbiah Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur – 613401
- India
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Accelerated re-epithelialization of partial-thickness skin wounds by a topical betulin gel: Results of a randomized phase III clinical trials program. Burns 2017; 43:1284-1294. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dornhof R, Maschowski C, Osipova A, Gieré R, Seidl M, Merfort I, Humar M. Stress fibers, autophagy and necrosis by persistent exposure to PM2.5 from biomass combustion. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180291. [PMID: 28671960 PMCID: PMC5495337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can adversely affect human health. Emissions from residential energy sources have the largest impact on premature mortality globally, but their pathological and molecular implications on cellular physiology are still elusive. In the present study potential molecular consequences were investigated during long-term exposure of human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells to PM2.5, collected from a biomass power plant. Initially, we observed that PM2.5 did not affect cellular survival or proliferation. However, it triggered an activation of the stress response p38 MAPK which, along with RhoA GTPase and HSP27, mediated morphological changes in BEAS-2B cells, including actin cytoskeletal rearrangements and paracellular gap formation. The p38 inhibitor SB203580 prevented phosphorylation of HSP27 and ameliorated morphological changes. During an intermediate phase of long-term exposure, PM2.5 triggered proliferative regression and activation of an adaptive stress response necessary to maintain energy homeostasis, including AMPK, repression of translational elongation, and autophagy. Finally, accumulation of intracellular PM2.5 promoted lysosomal destabilization and cell death, which was dependent on lysosomal hydrolases and p38 MAPK, but not on the inflammasome and pyroptosis. TEM images revealed formation of protrusions and cellular internalization of PM2.5, induction of autophagosomes, amphisomes, autophagosome-lysosomal fusion, multiple compartmental fusion, lysosomal burst, swollen mitochondria and finally necrosis. In consequence, persistent exposure to PM2.5 may impair epithelial barriers and reduce regenerative capacity. Hence, our results contribute to a better understanding of PM-associated lung and systemic diseases on the basis of molecular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Dornhof
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maschowski
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anastasiya Osipova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reto Gieré
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Maximilian Seidl
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (IM); (MH)
| | - Matjaz Humar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (IM); (MH)
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Periplaneta americana Extracts Promote Skin Wound Healing via Nuclear Factor Kappa B Canonical Pathway and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:5821706. [PMID: 28620419 PMCID: PMC5460390 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5821706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Periplaneta americana extracts (PAEs) exhibit wound healing properties. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we treated human skin fibroblasts (HSF) with PAE and the proliferation was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The wound healing and transwell migration assays were used to detect cell migration. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways were analyzed by Western blot (WB). Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the key molecular localization in the cells. The results showed that PAE enhanced the proliferation and migration of HSF cells. The expression and activation of key proteins such as RelA and p-ERK were increased in NF-κB and ERK pathways followed by nuclear translocation. In vivo, both WB and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining showed that PAE enhanced p-IκBα and p-ERK activation and the nuclear translocation of RelA. Our study suggests that the protective function of PAE is mediated via enhanced NF-κB and ERK signaling.
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Betulin-Based Oleogel to Improve Wound Healing in Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa: A Prospective Controlled Proof-of-Concept Study. Dermatol Res Pract 2017; 2017:5068969. [PMID: 28611842 PMCID: PMC5458380 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5068969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Skin fragility and recurrent wounds are hallmarks of hereditary epidermolysis bullosa (EB). Treatment options to accelerate wound healing are urgently needed. Oleogel-S10 contains a betulin-rich triterpene extract from birch bark. In this study, we tested the wound healing properties of topical Oleogel-S10 in patients with dystrophic EB. Methods We conducted an open, blindly evaluated, controlled, prospective phase II pilot trial in patients with dystrophic EB (EudraCT number 2010-019945-24). Healing of wounds treated with and without topical Oleogel-S10 was compared. Primary efficacy variable was faster reepithelialization as determined by 2 blinded experts. The main secondary outcome variable of the study was percentage of wound epithelialization. Results Twelve wound pairs of 10 patients with dystrophic EB were evaluated. In 5 of 12 cases, both blinded reviewers considered epithelialization of the intervention wounds as superior. In 3 cases, only one reviewer considered Oleogel-S10 as superior and the other one as equal to control. Measurements of wound size showed a trend towards accelerated wound healing with the intervention but without reaching statistical significance. Conclusion Our results indicate a potential for faster reepithelialization of wounds in patients with dystrophic EB when treated with Oleogel-S10 but larger studies are needed to confirm significance.
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Nicolaus C, Junghanns S, Hartmann A, Murillo R, Ganzera M, Merfort I. In vitro studies to evaluate the wound healing properties of Calendula officinalis extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 196:94-103. [PMID: 27956358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Calendula officinalis (pot marigold) flower extracts have a long-lasting tradition in ethnopharmacology. Currently, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has approved its lipophilic and aqueous alcoholic extracts as traditional medicinal products for the treatment of minor inflammation of the skin and as an aid in the healing of minor wounds. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to analyse the molecular mechanism of the wound healing effects of Calendula extracts, which may reflect the phytomedicines currently used in the market. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of three different extracts from Calendula flowers (n-hexanic, ethanolic, aqueous) on the inflammatory phase of wound healing was studied in human immortalized keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblasts. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay on NF-κB-DNA binding, qRT-PCR and ELISA experiments were performed. The effect of Calendula extracts on the new tissue formation phase of wound healing was evaluated by studying the migratory properties of these extracts, triterpene mixtures and single compounds in human immortalized keratinocytes using the scratch assay. Finally, the effect of the extracts on the formation of granulation tissue in wound healing was studied using bacterial collagenase isolated from Clostridium histolyticum and the determination of soluble collagen in the supernatant of human dermal fibroblasts. RESULTS The n-hexanic and the ethanolic extracts from Calendula flowers influence the inflammatory phase by activating the transcription factor NF-κB and by increasing the amount of the chemokine IL-8, both at the transcriptional and protein level, in human immortalized keratinocytes. The migration of the keratinocytes during the new tissue formation phase was only marginally influenced in the scratch assay. However, it can be assumed that the granulation tissue was affected, as the ethanolic extract inhibited the activity of collagenase in vitro and enhanced the amount of collagen in the supernatant of human dermal fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Our results contribute to a better understanding of the wound healing properties of the traditional medicinal plant Calendula officinalis. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate which of its known constituents are responsible for these effects. Triterpenes seem to play only a marginal role, but carotene and xanthophyll derivatives should garner more attention in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Nicolaus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Junghanns
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Hartmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82/IV, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Renato Murillo
- Escuela de Quimica and CIPRONA, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Markus Ganzera
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82/IV, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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Comparison of In-Vitro and Ex-Vivo Wound Healing Assays for the Investigation of Diabetic Wound Healing and Demonstration of a Beneficial Effect of a Triterpene Extract. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169028. [PMID: 28046026 PMCID: PMC5207624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a frequent cause for chronic, difficult-to-treat wounds. New therapies for diabetic wounds are urgently needed and in-vitro or ex-vivo test systems are essential for the initial identification of new active molecules. The aim of this study is to compare in-vitro and ex-vivo test systems for their usability for early drug screening and to investigate the efficacy of a birch bark triterpene extract (TE) that has been proven ex-vivo and clinically to accelerate non-diabetic wound healing (WH), in a diabetic context. We investigated in-vitro models for diabetic WH, i.e. scratch assays with human keratinocytes from diabetic donors or cultured under hyperglycaemic conditions and a newly developed porcine ex-vivo hyperglycaemic WH model for their potential to mimic delayed diabetic WH and for the influence of TE in these test systems. We show that keratinocytes from diabetic donors often fail to exhibit significantly delayed WH. For cells under hyperglycaemic conditions significant decrease is observed but is influenced by choice of medium and presence of supplements. Also, donor age plays a role. Interestingly, hyperglycaemic effects are mainly hyperosmolaric effects in scratch assays. Ex-vivo models under hyperglycaemic conditions show a clear and substantial decrease of WH, and here both glucose and hyperosmolarity effects are involved. Finally, we provide evidence that TE is also beneficial for ex-vivo hyperglycaemic WH, resulting in significantly increased length of regenerated epidermis to 188±16% and 183±11% (SEM; p<0.05) compared to controls when using two different TE formulations. In conclusion, our results suggest that microenvironmental influences are important in WH test systems and that therefore the more complex hyperglycaemic ex-vivo model is more suitable for early drug screening. Limitations of the in-vitro and ex-vivo models are discussed. Furthermore our data recommend TE as a promising candidate for in-vivo testings in diabetic wounds.
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Färber A, Daniels R. Ex vivo Skin Permeation of Betulin from Water-in-Oil Foams. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 29:250-256. [PMID: 27632222 DOI: 10.1159/000448689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Triterpenes of the outer bark of birch are known to improve wound healing. An oleogel with these triterpenes as active principle is approved by the European Medicines Agency. As foams can be applied without touching the skin, they might be an advantageous application form. A comparable wound-healing effect can be expected when the permeation flux of the triterpenes from different types of formulations, namely oleogels, water-in-oil emulsions and water-in-oil foams, is similar. The tested formulations were based on three lipids (medium-chain trigylcerides, sunflower oil and paraffin) which differ in their polarity and solvent power for the triterpenes. Infinite dose permeation experiments were performed using porcine skin which was injured by either tape stripping or skin grafting. The results showed that steady-state permeation flux and lag time depend clearly on the depth of the skin lesion. Moreover, it was substantially affected by the lipid used as basis for the different formulations. In contrast, the different formulation types showed a comparable permeation behaviour leading to the conclusion that all formulation types can be used alike for the treatment of wounds, and the results that have already been obtained with oleogels can be directly translated to the foam with its superior use properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Färber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Kindler S, Schuster M, Seebauer C, Rutkowski R, Hauschild A, Podmelle F, Metelmann C, Metelmann B, Müller-Debus C, Metelmann HR, Metelmann I. Triterpenes for Well-Balanced Scar Formation in Superficial Wounds. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091129. [PMID: 27618886 PMCID: PMC6273645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpenes are demonstrably effective for accelerating re-epithelialisation of wounds and known to improve scar formation for superficial lesions. Among the variety of triterpenes, betuline is of particular medical interest. Topical betuline gel (TBG) received drug approval in 2016 from the European Commission as the first topical therapeutic agent with the proven clinical benefit of accelerating wound healing. Two self-conducted randomized intra-individual comparison clinical studies with a total of 220 patients involved in TBG treatment of skin graft surgical wounds have been screened for data concerning the aesthetic aspect of wound healing. Three months after surgery wound treatment with TBG resulted in about 30% of cases with more discreet scars, and standard of care in about 10%. Patients themselves appreciate the results of TBG after 3 months even more (about 50%) compared to standard of care (about 10%). One year after surgery, the superiority of TBG counts for about 25% in comparison with about 10%, and from the patients’ point of view, for 25% compared to 4% under standard of care. In the majority of wound treatment cases, there is no difference visible between TBG treatment and standard of care after 1 year of scar formation. However, in comparison, TBG still offers a better chance for discreet scars and therefore happens to be superior in good care of wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kindler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str. DZ 7, Greifswald 17475, Germany.
| | - Matthias Schuster
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str. DZ 7, Greifswald 17475, Germany.
| | - Christian Seebauer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str. DZ 7, Greifswald 17475, Germany.
| | - Rico Rutkowski
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str. DZ 7, Greifswald 17475, Germany.
| | - Anna Hauschild
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str. DZ 7, Greifswald 17475, Germany.
| | - Fred Podmelle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str. DZ 7, Greifswald 17475, Germany.
| | - Camilla Metelmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesia, Intensive Care-, Emergency- and Pain Medicine, Greifswald University Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., Greifswald 17475, Germany.
| | - Bibiana Metelmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesia, Intensive Care-, Emergency- and Pain Medicine, Greifswald University Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., Greifswald 17475, Germany.
| | - Charlotte Müller-Debus
- Department of Surgery, Greifswald University Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., Greifswald 17475, Germany.
| | - Hans-Robert Metelmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str. DZ 7, Greifswald 17475, Germany.
| | - Isabella Metelmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str. DZ 7, Greifswald 17475, Germany.
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Steinbrenner I, Houdek P, Pollok S, Brandner JM, Daniels R. Influence of the Oil Phase and Topical Formulation on the Wound Healing Ability of a Birch Bark Dry Extract. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155582. [PMID: 27219110 PMCID: PMC4878794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triterpenes from the outer bark of birch are known for various pharmacological effects including enhanced wound healing (WH). A birch bark dry extract (TE) obtained by accelerated solvent extraction showed the ability to form oleogels when it is suspended in oils. Consistency of the oleogels and the dissolved amount of triterpenes varies largely with the used oil. Here we wanted to know to what extent different oils and formulations (oleogel versus o/w emulsion) influence WH. Looking at the plain oils, medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) enhanced WH (ca. 1.4-fold), while e.g. castor oil (ca.0.3-fold) or light liquid paraffin (LLP; ca. 0.5-fold) significantly decreased WH. Concerning the respective oleogels, TE-MCT showed no improvement although the solubility of the TE was high. In contrast, the oleogel of sunflower oil which alone showed a slight tendency to impair WH, enhanced WH significantly (ca. 1.6-fold). These results can be explained by release experiments where the release rate of betulin, the main component of TE, from MCT oleogels was significantly lower than from sunflower oil oleogels. LLP impaired WH as plain oil and even though it released betulin comparable to sunflower oil it still results in an overall negative effect of the oleogel on WH. As a further formulation option also surfactant free o/w emulsions were prepared using MCT, sunflower oil and LLP as a nonpolar oil phase. Depending on the preparation method (suspension or oleogel method) the distribution of the TE varied markedly and affected also release kinetics. However, the released betulin was clearly below the values measured with the respective oleogels. Consequently, none of the emulsions showed a significantly positive effect on WH. In conclusion, our data show that the oil used as a vehicle influences wound healing not only by affecting the release of the extract, but also by having its own vehicle effect on wound healing. This is also of importance for other applications where drugs have to be applied in non-polar vehicles because these solvents likely influence the outcome of the experiment substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Steinbrenner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Pia Houdek
- University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Department of Dermatology & Venerology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Pollok
- University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Department of Dermatology & Venerology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna M. Brandner
- University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Department of Dermatology & Venerology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniels
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Wardecki T, Werner P, Thomas M, Templin MF, Schmidt G, Brandner JM, Merfort I. Influence of Birch Bark Triterpenes on Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts from Diabetic and Nondiabetic Donors. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1112-1123. [PMID: 27002382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing is one of the main risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus. Few options are available to treat diabetic wounds, and therefore efficient remedies are urgently needed. An interesting option might be an extract of birch bark (TE) that has been clinically proven to accelerate acute wound healing. We investigated the effects of TE and its main components betulin and lupeol in cultured normal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts from diabetic and nondiabetic donors. These in vitro models can provide insights into possible beneficial effects in wound healing. TE and betulin treatment led to increased mRNA levels of chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and mediators important in wound healing, e.g., IL-6, TNFα, IL-8, and RANTES. We observed a pronounced upregulation of MIF, IL-8, and RANTES on the protein level. Furthermore, a shape change of the actin cytoskeleton was seen in keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and the Rho-GTPases and p38-MAPK were found to be activated in keratinocytes. On the basis of our results, TE is worthy of further study as a potential option to influence wound-healing processes under diabetic conditions. These first insights need to be confirmed by clinical studies with diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Thomas
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, and University of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus F Templin
- Institute of Natural and Medical Sciences at the University of Tübingen , Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Johanna M Brandner
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
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Muceniece R, Namniece J, Nakurte I, Jekabsons K, Riekstina U, Jansone B. Pharmacological research on natural substances in Latvia: Focus on lunasin, betulin, polyprenol and phlorizin. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:760-770. [PMID: 27109319 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this concise review the current research in plant bioactive compound studies in Latvia is described. The paper summarizes recent studies on substances from edible plants (e.g., cereals and apples) or their synthetic analogues, such as peptide lunasin, as well as substances isolated from inedible plants (e.g., birch and conifer), such as pentacyclic triterpenes (e.g., betulin, betulinic acid, and lupeol) and polyprenols. Latvian researchers have been first to demonstrate the presence of lunasin in triticale and oats. Additionally, the impact of genotype on the levels of lunasin in cereals was shown. Pharmacological studies have revealed effects of lunasin and synthetic triterpenes on the central nervous system in rodents. We were first to show that synthetic lunasin causes a marked neuroleptic/cataleptic effect and that betulin antagonizes bicuculline-induced seizures (a GABA A receptor antagonist). Studies on the mechanisms of action showed that lunasin binds to dopamine D1 receptors and betulin binds to melanocortin and gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors therefore we suggest that these receptors play an essential role in lunasin's and betulin's central effects. Recent studies on conifer polyprenols demonstrated the ability of polyprenols to prevent statin-induced muscle weakness in a rat model. Another study on plant compounds has demonstrated the anti-hyperglycemic activity of phlorizin-containing unripe apple pomace in healthy volunteers. In summary, research into plant-derived compounds in Latvia has been focused on fractionating, isolating and characterizing of lunasin, triterpenes, polyprenols and phlorizin using in vitro, and in vivo assays, and human observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Muceniece
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV1586, Latvia.
| | - Jana Namniece
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV1586, Latvia
| | - Ilva Nakurte
- Department of Physical chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV1586, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Jekabsons
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV1586, Latvia
| | - Una Riekstina
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV1586, Latvia
| | - Baiba Jansone
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd, Riga, LV1586, Latvia
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Germano PDM, Marcus VICOB, Md TI, Lidiane DSAUJ, D eacute bora CASVG, Rodrigo MDC, Dione C, M aacute rcia FCJP, Paulo MPF, Ana ECMC, Jaqueline NP, Alexandre F, Ivana G. Toxicogenetic profile of rats treated with aqueous extract from Morinda citrifolia fruits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2015.6017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Singh PA, Brindavanam NB, Kimothi GP, Aeri V. Evaluation of in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Dillenia indica f. elongata (Miq.) Miq. and Shorea robusta stem bark extracts. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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71
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Tuong W, Walker L, Sivamani RK. Novel Use of Terpenoids for Treatment of Dermatologic Diseases: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. J Altern Complement Med 2015; 21:261-8. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2014.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William Tuong
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Lauren Walker
- Department of Cell Biology, Neuroscience and Stem Cell Center & Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Riverside, CA
| | - Raja K. Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
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Vittorazzi C, Endringer DC, Andrade TUD, Scherer R, Fronza M. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and wound healing properties of Struthanthus vulgaris. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:331-337. [PMID: 25915104 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Struthanthus vulgaris (Vell.) Mart. (Loranthaceae) has been widely used in traditional medicine in Brazil to bathe wounds. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the in vitro wound healing effects, together with the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of S. vulgaris leaf and branch extracts. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ethanol leaf and branch extracts of S. vulgaris were investigated at 1-100 µg/ml concentrations in the scratch assay after 14 h. Antioxidant activity was investigated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay, and the antibacterial activity was tested at concentrations up to 1000 µg/ml against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by the microdilution test after 24 h. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by colorimetric methods. RESULTS Struthanthus vulgaris leaf and branch extracts at 100 µg/ml concentration stimulated migration and proliferation of fibroblasts and enhanced cell numbers by 56.2% and 18.6%, respectively. Antioxidant activity exhibited IC50 values of 24.3 and 18.9 µg/ml for the leaf and branch extracts, respectively. The ethanol leaf extract showed antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive Staphylococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, exhibiting minimum inhibitory concentration values of 125 and 500 µg/ml, respectively. An appreciable total phenolic content in the leaves (813.6 ± 2.7 mg/g) and branches (462.8 ± 9.6 mg/g), and relatively low concentration of flavonoids in the leaves (13.3 ± 4.3 mg/g) and branches (1.9 ± 0.2 mg/g), was detected. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The antioxidant and antibacterial activities, together with the strong ability to stimulate proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, provide some support for the traditional use of S. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Vittorazzi
- a Department of Pharmacy , University Vila Velha , Vila Velha , Espirito Santo , Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Scherer
- a Department of Pharmacy , University Vila Velha , Vila Velha , Espirito Santo , Brazil
| | - Marcio Fronza
- a Department of Pharmacy , University Vila Velha , Vila Velha , Espirito Santo , Brazil
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Metelmann HR, Brandner JM, Schumann H, Bross F, Fimmers R, Böttger K, Scheffler A, Podmelle F. Accelerated reepithelialization by triterpenes: proof of concept in the healing of surgical skin lesions. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 28:1-11. [PMID: 25034442 DOI: 10.1159/000357501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The acceleration of wound healing is a major surgical concern. A triterpene extract from birch bark (Betulae cortex) experimentally enhances keratinocyte differentiation in vitro and accelerates wound healing ex vivo. We conducted an open, blind-evaluated, controlled, prospective, randomized (1:1) phase II clinical trial in patients requiring split-thickness skin graft transplantation at two university hospitals in Germany. Donor sites on the upper legs were covered with a moist silicone-coated dressing. Oleogel-S10 ointment containing 10% birch bark extract was randomly applied to the distal or proximal half of the wound, with the other half serving as an intraindividual control, for 14 days after the skin graft surgery. The primary efficacy variable was faster reepithelialization as determined from macrophotographs by independent, blinded experts. Twenty-four patients were randomized and completed the trial. After the 14-day test period, the planned interim analysis revealed a highly significant (p < 0.0001) superiority of Oleogel-S10 in the primary efficacy variable and the trial was terminated early due to ethical concerns. The treatment side was also better reepithelialized and more similar to normal skin after 3 months. In conclusion, Oleogel-S10 significantly accelerated reepithelialization at split-thickness skin graft donor sites. Treatment with Oleogel-S10 was safe and well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Robert Metelmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, Medical School, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
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